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| 1 |
+
---
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| 2 |
+
license: apache-2.0
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| 3 |
+
language:
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| 4 |
+
- ja
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| 5 |
+
- en
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| 6 |
+
library_name: transformers
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| 7 |
+
pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text
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| 8 |
+
tags:
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| 9 |
+
- vision-language-model
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| 10 |
+
- vlm
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| 11 |
+
- llava
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| 12 |
+
- llava-onevision
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| 13 |
+
- japanese
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| 14 |
+
- siglip
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| 15 |
+
- llm-jp
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| 16 |
+
- finance
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| 17 |
+
- multimodal
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| 18 |
+
base_model:
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| 19 |
+
- llm-jp/llm-jp-4-8b-instruct
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| 20 |
+
- google/siglip2-so400m-patch14-384
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| 21 |
+
datasets:
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| 22 |
+
- shunk031/STAIR-Captions
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| 23 |
+
- Yana/ft-llm-2026-ocr-dataset
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| 24 |
+
- Yana/ft-llm-2026-qa-dataset
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| 25 |
+
- llm-jp/ja-vg-vqa-conversation
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| 26 |
+
- SakanaAI/JA-VG-VQA-500
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| 27 |
+
---
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| 28 |
+
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| 29 |
+
# COMPASS-VLM Phase 1
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| 30 |
+
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| 31 |
+
**Development of a Japanese Financial VLM through Integration of Reasoning Enhancement and Document Comprehension**
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| 32 |
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(推論強化と文書読解の統合による日本語金融VLMの開発)
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| 33 |
+
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| 34 |
+
This model is the **Phase 1 checkpoint** of the COMPASS project — a Japanese Vision-Language Model (VLM) built on a LLaVA-OneVision-style architecture. Phase 1 produces a general-purpose Japanese VLM through image-caption pretraining and visual instruction tuning. It serves as the vision-grounded foundation for the subsequent reasoning enhancement (Phase 2) and financial domain fine-tuning (Phase 3) stages.
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| 35 |
+
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| 36 |
+
Developed by [Atsushi Yanagisawa](https://atsushiyanaigsawa768.github.io/mysite/en/) and [Genshin Kakimoto](https://github.com/kakimoto0225) as part of the FT-LLM 2026 free-form task.
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| 37 |
+
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| 38 |
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- 📦 **Code**: [github.com/AtsushiYanaigsawa768/Compass](https://github.com/AtsushiYanaigsawa768/Compass)
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| 39 |
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- 📚 **Collection**: [Yana/compass](https://huggingface.co/collections/Yana/compass)
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| 40 |
+
- 📝 **Blog (EN)**: [atsushiyanaigsawa768.github.io/mysite/en/blog/compass](https://atsushiyanaigsawa768.github.io/mysite/en/blog/compass/)
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| 41 |
+
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| 42 |
+
---
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| 43 |
+
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| 44 |
+
## Model Details
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| 45 |
+
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| 46 |
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| Item | Value |
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| 47 |
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|------|-------|
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| 48 |
+
| Model type | Vision-Language Model (LLaVA-OneVision-style) |
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| 49 |
+
| Parameters | ~9B |
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| 50 |
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| Precision | BF16 |
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| 51 |
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| Primary language | Japanese (with English support inherited from the base LLM) |
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| 52 |
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| License | Apache-2.0 (see [License](#license)) |
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| 53 |
+
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| 54 |
+
### Architecture
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| 55 |
+
|
| 56 |
+
```
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| 57 |
+
Input Image ──► SigLIP-v2 Vision Encoder ──► MLP Projector ──┐
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| 58 |
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├──► LLM-JP-4-8B-Instruct ──► Output Text
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| 59 |
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Input Text ──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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| 60 |
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```
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| 61 |
+
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| 62 |
+
| Component | Model | Role in Phase 1 |
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| 63 |
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|-----------|-------|-----------------|
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| 64 |
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| Vision Encoder | `google/siglip2-so400m-patch14-384` | Frozen in Stage 1-1, trainable (lr = 2e-6) in Stage 1-2 |
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| 65 |
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| MLP Projector | Linear(1152→4096) → GELU → Linear(4096→4096), ~8M params | Trainable in both stages |
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| 66 |
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| LLM | `llm-jp/llm-jp-4-8b-instruct` (8B) | Frozen by default; trainable via LoRA in Stage 1-2 |
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| 67 |
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|
| 68 |
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---
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| 69 |
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| 70 |
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## Training Procedure
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| 71 |
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| 72 |
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Phase 1 follows the two-stage recipe popularized by LLaVA-1.5 / LLaVA-OneVision, adapted to Japanese data.
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| 73 |
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| 74 |
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### Stage 1-1 — Image Caption Pretraining
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| 75 |
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| 76 |
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- **Goal**: Align vision tokens with the LLM embedding space.
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| 77 |
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- **Trainable**: MLP projector only.
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| 78 |
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- **Datasets**:
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| 79 |
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- STAIR Captions (license_id = 4 only, with multi-caption random sampling providing 5× effective diversity)
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| 80 |
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- [Yana/ft-llm-2026-ocr-dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Yana/ft-llm-2026-ocr-dataset)
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| 81 |
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- **Learning rate**: 1e-3 · **Epochs**: 2 · **Effective batch size**: 128
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| 82 |
+
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| 83 |
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### Stage 1-2 — Visual Instruction Tuning
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| 84 |
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| 85 |
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- **Goal**: Enable VQA and instruction following in Japanese.
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| 86 |
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- **Trainable**: MLP projector + LLM (via LoRA, r = 64, α = 128) + Vision Encoder (lr = 2e-6).
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| 87 |
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- **Datasets**:
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| 88 |
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- [Yana/ft-llm-2026-qa-dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Yana/ft-llm-2026-qa-dataset)
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| 89 |
+
- [llm-jp/ja-vg-vqa-conversation](https://huggingface.co/datasets/llm-jp/ja-vg-vqa-conversation) (~90k on Visual Genome images)
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| 90 |
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- [SakanaAI/JA-VG-VQA-500](https://huggingface.co/datasets/SakanaAI/JA-VG-VQA-500)
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| 91 |
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- **Learning rate**: 2e-5 · **Epochs**: 1 · **Effective batch size**: 128
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| 92 |
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| 93 |
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### Common Hyperparameters
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| 94 |
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| 95 |
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| Parameter | Value |
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| 96 |
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|-----------|-------|
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| 97 |
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| Per-device batch size | 2 |
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| 98 |
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| Gradient accumulation steps | 64 |
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| 99 |
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| Warmup ratio | 0.03 |
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| 100 |
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| Weight decay | 0.0 |
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| Max sequence length | 2048 |
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| 102 |
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| Mixed precision | BF16 |
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| 103 |
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| Seed | 42 |
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Training uses NCCL and supports `torchrun`, SLURM, and OpenMPI. Gradient checkpointing is enabled by default. An H100 80GB GPU is recommended.
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---
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## Chat Template
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The model uses the LLM-JP v4 instruct template:
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| 113 |
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```
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| 114 |
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以下は、タスクを説明する指示です。要求を適切に満たす応答を書きなさい。
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### 指示:
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<image>
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この画像を見て、質問に答えてください。
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{user_question}
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### 応答:
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{assistant_answer}<|eos|>
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```
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Special tokens:
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| Token | Purpose |
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|-------|---------|
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| `<image>` | Image placeholder replaced by vision embeddings |
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| `<|eos|>` | End-of-turn token |
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Typical prompts used during training:
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- Stage 1-1 caption prompt: `この画像を端的に説明してください。` ("Please briefly describe this image.")
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| 135 |
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- Stage 1-2 VQA prompt: `この画像��見て、質問に答えてください。` ("Look at this image and answer the question.")
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| 136 |
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---
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| 138 |
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## Intended Use
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| 140 |
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### Direct Use
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| 142 |
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- Japanese image captioning
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| 144 |
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- Japanese visual question answering (VQA)
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| 145 |
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- Foundation checkpoint for downstream fine-tuning (e.g., document understanding, financial reasoning)
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| 146 |
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| 147 |
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### Downstream Use
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| 148 |
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| 149 |
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This checkpoint is specifically intended to be continued into:
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| 150 |
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| 151 |
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- **Phase 2** — reasoning enhancement via SFT + DPO distilled from Qwen3-30B → [Yana/compass-vlm-phase2](https://huggingface.co/Yana/compass-vlm-phase2)
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| 152 |
+
- **Phase 3** — Japanese financial domain fine-tuning on TAT-QA / ConvFinQA / FinQA / domain-specific QA → [Yana/compass-vlm](https://huggingface.co/Yana/compass-vlm)
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| 153 |
+
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| 154 |
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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| 155 |
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| 156 |
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- High-stakes decision making (medical, legal, financial advisory, etc.) without human oversight.
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| 157 |
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- Generation of factual claims without verification; the model can hallucinate.
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- Use in languages other than Japanese and English is not evaluated.
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| 160 |
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---
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| 161 |
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## Evaluation
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| 163 |
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| 164 |
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Phase 1 is evaluated qualitatively via automatically generated raw outputs on:
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| 165 |
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- STAIR Captions **License ID 5** held-out samples
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| 167 |
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- OCR held-out samples from the training OCR corpus
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| 168 |
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| 169 |
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Quantitative benchmarks (GSM8K, JP Harness, EDINET Bench) are reported for the full pipeline rather than Phase 1 alone. See the project repository for numbers.
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| 170 |
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---
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| 172 |
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## Limitations and Biases
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| 174 |
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| 175 |
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- The vision encoder was pretrained on web-scale image data and may reflect biases present therein.
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| 176 |
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- The LLM backbone (LLM-JP-4-8B) was trained primarily on Japanese and English corpora; performance in other languages is not guaranteed.
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| 177 |
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- OCR quality on small-font or low-resolution documents is limited.
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| 178 |
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- This Phase 1 checkpoint has **not** received the reasoning enhancement (Phase 2) or financial domain adaptation (Phase 3), so its behavior on multi-step reasoning and financial documents will be weaker than the final COMPASS model.
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| 179 |
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| 180 |
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---
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| 181 |
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## How to Use
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| 183 |
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| 184 |
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```python
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| 185 |
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from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, AutoProcessor
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| 186 |
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import torch
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model_id = "Yana/compass-vlm-phase1"
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id, trust_remote_code=True)
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
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model_id,
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torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
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| 194 |
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device_map="auto",
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| 195 |
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trust_remote_code=True,
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)
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```
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| 198 |
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For the full inference pipeline (image preprocessing with SigLIP-v2, `<image>` token expansion, and AnyRes handling), please refer to the [`phase1/` directory](https://github.com/AtsushiYanaigsawa768/Compass/tree/main/phase1) in the GitHub repository.
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---
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## Citation
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| 204 |
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If you use this model, please cite the COMPASS project:
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```bibtex
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@misc{compass2026,
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title = {COMPASS: Development of a Japanese Financial VLM through
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Integration of Reasoning Enhancement and Document Comprehension},
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author = {Yanagisawa, Atsushi and Kakimoto, Genshin},
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year = {2026},
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howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/AtsushiYanaigsawa768/Compass}},
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note = {FT-LLM 2026 free-form task}
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}
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```
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| 217 |
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Please also cite the upstream works (LLaVA-1.5, LLaVA-OneVision, SigLIP, LLM-JP, STAIR Captions, ja-vg-vqa) as appropriate.
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---
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| 221 |
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## License
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| 223 |
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This model is released under the **Apache License 2.0**.
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**Note on training data and Japanese copyright law:**
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Under **Article 30-4 of the Japanese Copyright Act**, the use of copyrighted works for the purpose of information analysis — including machine learning model training — is a permitted use that does not require authorization from, or trigger license conditions of, the copyright holders. Training of this model was conducted in Japan on this basis; the resulting model weights are redistributed under Apache-2.0.
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Downstream users are responsible for complying with the licenses of any datasets or images they use for further fine-tuning or evaluation.
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---
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## Acknowledgements
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| 234 |
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Built on top of outstanding open-source work, including:
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- [LLM-JP-4-8B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/llm-jp/llm-jp-4-8b-instruct)
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| 238 |
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- [SigLIP-v2](https://huggingface.co/google/siglip2-so400m-patch14-384)
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| 239 |
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- [LLaVA-1.5](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.03744) and [LLaVA-OneVision](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.03326)
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| 240 |
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- [LLaVA-JP](https://github.com/tosiyuki/LLaVA-JP)
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- [STAIR Captions](https://huggingface.co/datasets/shunk031/STAIR-Captions) and [ja-vg-vqa-conversation](https://huggingface.co/datasets/llm-jp/ja-vg-vqa-conversation)
|