               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2542 (2020)
               Security Council                                                   Distr.: General
                                                                                15 September 2020

               Resolution 2542 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8758th meeting, on
               15 September 2020

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolution 1970 (2011) and all its subsequent resolutions on Libya,
               including resolutions 2259 (2015), 2486 (2019) and 2510 (2020),
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and national unity of Libya,
                    Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support
               Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) (S/2020/832),
                     Expressing its strong support for the ongoing efforts of UNSMIL and thanking
               former Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Ghassan Salamé, for all his
               tireless work and Acting Special Representative of the Secretary -General Stephanie
               Williams for her efforts,
                    Underscoring the importance of the United Nations’ central role in facilitating
               a Libyan-led and Libyan-owned inclusive political process and in achieving a lasting
               ceasefire,
                    Recognising the need for increasing and enhancing dialogue with both the
               Libyan parties and international actors in order to facilitate a Libyan -led and
               Libyan-owned inclusive political process, and further recognising the urgency of the
               Secretary-General appointing a Special Envoy on Libya,
                    Calling on all parties to work together in the spirit of compromise, to refrain
               from any actions that could undermine the political process, to exercise restraint, to
               protect civilians and to engage seriously in national reconciliation, recalling that there
               can be no military solution in Libya, and reiterating calls for all parties to commit
               without delay to a lasting ceasefire and political dialogue under the leade rship of the
               Special Envoy of the Secretary-General,
                     Expressing grave concern over ongoing hostilities in Libya, and the targeting
               and destruction of civilian objects, further expressing concern over the exploitation
               of the conflict by terrorist and violent extremist groups, and noting the impact of the
               conflict on neighbouring countries and the region,
                     Urging the parties to ensure the full, equal, effective and meaningful
               participation of women in all activities and decision-making relating to democratic
               transition, conflict resolution and peacebuilding, recognising the need to protect

20-11953 (E)
*2011953*

S/RES/2542 (2020)

               women’s rights organisations, and women peacebuilders from threats and reprisals
               and supporting the efforts of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General and
               UNSMIL to facilitate wider engagement and participation of women from across the
               spectrum of Libyan society in the political process and public institutions, recognising
               that the political process should be inclusive of all Libyans,
                    Urging the full, effective and meaningful participation of youth in peace efforts,
                    Recalling the commitment of the Libyan parties to work constructively with the
               UN to organise credible and peaceful parliamentary and Presidential elections and to
               respect the results of these elections, as agreed by the Libyan parties in Paris in May
               2018, in Palermo in November 2018, and in Abu Dhabi in February 2019, welcoming
               the continued work of the High National Electoral Commission and the Central
               Committee for Municipal Council Elections to prepare for and conduct national and
               municipal elections, further welcoming UNSMIL’s support for this work, and
               recognising the key role of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General and UNSMIL
               in consulting with Libyan parties to set the constitutional basis for elections and to
               adopt the necessary electoral laws,
                    Reiterating its call on all Libyans to work constructively towards the unification
               of Libya’s military and economic institutions; establishing unified and strengthened
               national security forces under civilian government authority; and a unified Libyan
               Central Bank,
                     Recognising the need to plan for the disarmament, demobilisation and
               reintegration of armed groups, security sector reform and to establish an inclusive,
               civilian-led security architecture for Libya as a whole,
                     Welcoming the economic dialogue taking place in Libya and the region and
               UNSMIL’s role in support, calling on the Libyan authorities to work towards
               reunification of economic institutions, to restore vital infrastructure, to improve
               service delivery and improve the transparency and accountabili ty of public
               institutions, further welcoming UNSMIL’s role in supporting an independent audit of
               the Central Bank, emphasising the importance of collaboration with international
               financial institutions, and expressing concern at the interference by armed groups in
               Libya’s sovereign institutions,
                     Recalling that Libya’s oil resources are for the benefit of all Libyans and need
               to remain under the exclusive control of the National Oil Corporation, condemning
               the forced shutdown of oil facilities and recalling that the Government of National
               Accord (GNA) retains sole oversight over Libya’s economic and financial
               institutions, with a responsibility to ensure the transparent, equitable and accountable
               management of revenue across the whole country,
                     Recalling the need for Member States to cease support to and official contact
               with parallel institutions outside of the Libyan Political Agreement (LPA), as
               stipulated therein,
                     Expressing grave concern at the deteriorating humanitarian situation in Libya,
               including deteriorating living standards and insufficient provision of basic services,
               and at the situation faced by migrants, refugees and internally displaced people,
               including their exposure to sexual and gender-based violence, and calling on the
               Libyan authorities to take steps towards the closing of detention centres and to
               alleviate urgently the suffering of all people in Libya by speeding up the delivery of
               public services to all parts of the country,
                     Urging all parties to implement the relevant resolutions on the Women, Peace
               and Security Agenda and to prevent and respond to sexual violence in conflict, and
               calling on the Libyan authorities to end impunity for sexual and gender-based

2/5                                                                                20-11953

                                                                                S/RES/2542 (2020)

           violence crimes in line with relevant Security Council resolutions, including
           resolution 1325 (2000),
               Recalling resolution 2510 (2020) which demanded that all parties to the conflict
           comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law,
                Emphasising that those responsible for violations of international humanitarian
           law and violations and abuses of human rights must be held accountable,
                 Calling on the Libyan authorities to take all steps necessary to investigat e
           violations of international human rights law and reports of abuses of human rights,
           including torture, sexual and gender-based violence, and mistreatment in prisons and
           detention centres, and to hold those responsible to account,
                 Recalling the importance of the protection of children, as set out in relevant
           Security Council resolutions, and taking appropriate measures in this regard,
           expressing concern about reported violations and abuses against children in Libya in
           particular those involving the killing and maiming of children, the abductions of
           children, sexual violence committed against children, the recruitment or use of
           children, the denial of humanitarian access for children and attacks against schools
           and hospitals in violation of international law, and urging all parties to immediately
           end such practices,
                Reiterating its grave concern at the smuggling of migrants and refugees and
           human trafficking through Libya, and welcoming the work of UNSMIL in
           coordinating and supporting the provision of humanitarian assistance for refugees and
           migrants,
                 Recalling resolution 2532 (2020), expressing grave concern about the
           devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Libya and noting the restrictions
           on international travel caused by the COVID-19 pandemic,
                 Reiterating its request that all Member States support fully the efforts of the
           Special Envoy of the Secretary-General and UNSMIL, calling on Member States to
           use their influence with the parties to bring about a lasting ceasefire and inclusive
           political process, recognising the important role of neighbouring countries and
           regional organisations, notably the African Union, League of Arab States and the
           European Union, further reiterating its call upon all parties to cooperate fully with
           the activities of UNSMIL, including taking all necessary steps to ensure the security
           and unhindered movement of United Nations and associated personnel and thanking
           the Government of Tunisia for its support,
                 Recalling the commitment of the participants of the Berlin Conference to refrain
           from interference in the armed conflict or in the internal affairs of Libya and their call
           on international actors to do the same,
                 Underscoring the importance of ensuring that existing sanctions measures are
           fully implemented and that violations are reported to the United Nations Sanctions
           Committee, established pursuant to resolution 1970 (2011), and recalling in that
           regard that individuals or entities engaging in, or providing support for, acts that
           threaten the peace, stability or security of Libya may be designated for targeted
           sanctions, pursuant to resolution 2441 (2018) and subsequent resolutions,
                 Calling for full compliance with the arms embargo by all Member States, in line
           with resolution 2441 (2018) and all of its subsequent and previous resolutions on the
           embargo, and further calling on all Member States not to intervene in the conflict or
           take measures that exacerbate the conflict,
                Recalling its determination in its resolution 2213 (2015) that the situation in
           Libya continues to constitute a threat to international peace and secur ity,

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S/RES/2542 (2020)

                    1.    Decides to extend until 15 September 2021 the mandate of UNSMIL, as
               an integrated special political mission, in full accordance with the principles of
               national ownership, to exercise mediation and through its good offices to:
                    (i)    further an inclusive political process and security and economic dialogue;
                    (ii)   further the continued implementation of the LPA;
                     (iii) help consolidate the governance, security and economic arrangements of
               the Government of National Accord, including support for economi c reform in
               collaboration with international financial institutions;
                    (iv) help to achieve a ceasefire and, once it is agreed by the Libyan parties,
               provide appropriate support to its implementation;
                    (v) support subsequent phases of the Libyan transition process, including the
               constitutional process and the organisation of elections;
                    (vi) coordinate and engage closely with international actors including
               neighbouring countries and regional organisations;
                    (vii) provide support to key Libyan institutions;
                    (viii) support, on request, the provision of essential services and delivery of
               humanitarian assistance, including in response to the COVID -19 pandemic, in
               accordance with humanitarian principles;
                    (ix) monitor and report abuses and violations of human rig hts and violations
               of international humanitarian law, including sexual violence in conflict, notably
               through the effective deployment of women and child protection advisers;
                    (x) provide support in securing uncontrolled arms and related materiel and
               countering their proliferation; and
                     (xi) co-ordinate international assistance, and provision of advice and
               assistance to GNA-led efforts to stabilise post-conflict zones, including those
               liberated from Da’esh;
                     2.    Further decides that UNSMIL should be led by a Special Envoy of the
               Secretary-General who should exercise overall leadership of UNSMIL with a
               particular focus on good offices and mediation with Libyan and international actors
               to end the conflict and that, under the authority of the Special Envoy, an UNSMIL
               Coordinator shall be in charge of UNSMIL’s day-to-day operations and management
               and requests that the Secretary-General appoint his Special Envoy without delay;
                    3.   Requests that UNSMIL shall report to the Security Council through the
               Special Envoy of the Secretary-General;
                     4.    Requests the Secretary-General to assess the steps required to reach a
               lasting ceasefire, the possible role of UNSMIL in providing scalable ceasefire support
               alongside his interim report on the proposals for effective ceasefire monitoring under
               the auspices of the UN, and his recommendations to the Council on the options
               reflected in the operationalisation paper as contained in S/2020/63, as requested in
               resolution 2510 (2020), which should be submitted, with the necessary updates, no
               later than 60 days after the adoption of this resolution, and the steps required to
               advance the political process from its current trajectory, and to include a report on
               progress towards these objectives in his regular reporting;

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                                                                                S/RES/2542 (2020)

                5.   Requests that the Secretary-General, in accordance with best practices,
           conduct and provide the Security Council, no later than 31 July 2021, with an
           independent strategic review of UNSMIL, including:
                 (i) an assessment and recommendations for improving the efficiency of
           UNSMIL’s overall mission structure, prioritisation of tasks and the capacity and
           effectiveness of staffing, including on mediation and peace process management;
                 (ii) further assessment of the options for effective ceasefire monitoring under
           the auspices of the UN including additional recommendations as necessary;
                6.   Requests the Secretary-General to include in his regular reporting
           UN efforts to address the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of the COVID-19
           pandemic on the ability of UNSMIL to deliver its mandated tasks;
                 7.   Recalls its decision that all Member States shall comply with the arms
           embargo, demands full compliance including by all Member States with the arms
           embargo imposed under resolution 1970 (2011), as modified by subsequent
           resolutions, including by ceasing all support for and withdrawing all armed mercenary
           personnel and demands all Member States not to intervene in the conflict or take
           measures that exacerbate the conflict, welcomes efforts by the Libya Sanctions
           Committee’s Panel of Experts to investigate violations of the arms embargo, further
           welcomes the cooperation between the relevant United Nations bodies, includi ng
           UNSMIL, and other interested parties with the Panel of Experts and notes its intention
           to hold those who violate the arms embargo accountable through its Sanctions
           Committee;
                8.     Requests UNSMIL to take fully into account a gender perspective
           throughout its mandate and to assist the GNA in ensuring the full, effective and
           meaningful participation and leadership of women in the democratic transition,
           reconciliation efforts, the security sector and in national institutions, as well as the
           protection of women and girls from sexual and gender-based violence including
           sexual violence in conflict, in line with resolution 1325 (2000) and further requests
           enhanced reporting by UNSMIL on these issues;
                9.    Welcomes progress in, and encourages continued work towards, a
           comprehensive political strategy, as well as the greater integration and strategic
           co-ordination of UNSMIL and United Nations agencies, funds and programmes in
           Libya to support GNA-led efforts towards the stabilisation of Libya and requests the
           Secretary-General to include updates on progress in his regular reporting;
               10. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to report to the Security
           Council on the implementation of this resolution at least e very 60 days;
                 11. Requests the Secretary-General to report as necessary following
           consultations with the Libyan authorities on recommendations for UNSMIL’s support
           to the subsequent phases of the Libyan transition process and UNSMIL’s security
           arrangements to ensure it remains agile and responsive to developments on the
           ground;
                12.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

20-11953                                                                                5/5

Security Council resolution 2542 (2020) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 15 Sept. 2021]

S/75 [220] UN SUPPORT MISSION IN LIBYA
S/75 [219] LIBYA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Libya.

UN Support Mission in Libya|UN. Special Envoy of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya|SPECIAL MISSIONS|GOOD OFFICES|LIBYA


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2544 (2020)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                18 September 2020

               Resolution 2544 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council on 18 September 2020

                    The Security Council,
                    Reaffirming its resolutions 1265 (1999), 1325 (2000), 1368 (2001), 1373 (2001),
               1624 (2005), 1894 (2009), 2106 (2013), 2150 (2014), 2170 (2014), 2178 (2014), 2199
               (2015), 2242 (2015), 2249 (2015), 2253 (2015), 2322 (2016), 2331 (2016), 2341
               (2017), 2347 (2017), 2354 (2017), 2367 (2017), 2368 (2017), 2370 (2017), 2490
               (2019) and its relevant presidential statements,
                    Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence
               and unity of Iraq, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the
               United Nations,
                     Recalling that the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as
               Da’esh) constitutes a global threat to international peace and security through its
               terrorist acts, its violent extremist ideology, its continued gross, systematic and
               widespread attacks directed against civilians, its violations of international
               humanitarian law and abuses of human rights, particularly those committed against
               women and children, and including those motivated by religious or ethnic grounds,
               and its recruitment and training of foreign terrorist fighters whose threat affects all
               regions and Member States,
                     Condemning the commission of acts by ISIL (Da’esh) involving murder,
               kidnapping, hostage-taking, suicide bombings, enslavement, sale into or otherwise
               forced marriage, trafficking in persons, rape, sexual slavery and other forms of sexual
               violence, recruitment and use of children, attacks on critical infrastructure, as well as
               its destruction of cultural heritage, including archaeological sites, and trafficking of
               cultural property,
                     Recognizing that the commission of such acts which may amount to war crimes,
               crimes against humanity or genocide, is part of the ideology and strategic objectives
               of ISIL (Da’esh), and used by ISIL (Da’esh) as a tactic of terrorism, and that holding
               ISIL (Da’esh) members accountable, particularly those who bear the greatest
               responsibility, including in terms of leadership, which can include regional or mid
               level commanders, and the ordering and commission of crimes, will further expose
               this, and could assist in countering terrorism and violent extremism which can be
               conducive to terrorism, including by stemming financing and the continued flow of
               international recruits to the terrorist group ISIL (Da’esh),

20-12172 (E)
*2012172*

S/RES/2544 (2020)

                    Welcoming the considerable efforts of the Government of Iraq to defeat ISIL
               (Da’esh), and recalling its letter to the Secretary-General and Security Council dated
               9 August 2017 calling for the assistance of the international community to ensure that
               members of ISIL (Da’esh) are held accountable for their crimes in Iraq, including
               where those may amount to crimes against humanity ( S/2017/710),
                    1.   Reaffirms its resolution 2379 (2017), by which the Investigative Team,
               headed by a Special Adviser, was established; and recalls the terms of reference
               approved by the Council (S/2018/119);
                    2.    Takes note of the request from the Government of Iraq contained in its letter
               dated 16 September 2020 (S/2020/909) and decides to extend until 18 September 2021
               the mandate of the Special Adviser and the Team, with any further extension to be
               decided at the request of the Government of Iraq, or any other government that has
               requested the Team to collect evidence of acts that may amount to war crimes, crimes
               against humanity, or genocide, committed by ISIL (Da’esh) in its territory, in
               accordance with its resolution 2379 (2017);
                     3.    Requests the Secretary-General to align the term of the Special Adviser
               with the term of this mandate and to renew the Special Adviser’s term to 18 September
               2021;
                    4.   Requests the Special Adviser to continue to submit and present reports to
               the Council on the team’s activities every 180 days;
                    5.    Decides to remain seized of the matter.

2/2                                                                                20-12172

Security Council resolution 2544 (2020) [on extension of the mandate of the Special Adviser and the UN Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da'esh/Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant until 18 Sept. 2021]

S/75 [119] IRAQ SITUATION
S/ X Threats to international peace and security.

Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Organization)|UN Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da'esh/Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant|UN. Special Adviser and Head of the United Nations Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da'esh/Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant|TERRORISM|WAR CRIMES|CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY|GENOCIDE|ACCOUNTABILITY|IRAQ|CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2545 (2020)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                25 September 2020

               Resolution 2545 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8760th meeting, on
               25 September 2020

                    The Security Council,
                   Reaffirming its full commitment to the peace process in the Republic of
               Colombia,
                    Recalling all its resolutions and statements of its President regarding the peace
               process in Colombia,
                     Welcoming the progress made towards peace across Colombia since the adoption
               of the Final Agreement for Ending the Conflict and Building a Stable and Lasting
               Peace (the Final Agreement) and urging the parties, with the support of relevant state
               institutions and security forces, as well as civil society, to work together to sustain
               progress and address challenges, in particular the continued violence in conflict -
               affected areas, through comprehensive implementation of the Final Agreement,
                     Recalling in particular its resolution 2366 (2017) which established the United
               Nations Verification Mission in Colombia (the Verification Mission) to verify
               implementation by the Government of Colombia and Revolutionary Armed Forces of
               Colombia (FARC-EP) of sections 3.2 and 3.4 of the Final Agreement as called for in
               section 6.3.3 of the Final Agreement, and recalling the positive role played by the
               Verification Mission in that regard,
                    Acknowledging the letter dated 1 September 2020 from the President of
               Colombia requesting an extension of the mandate of the Verification Mission as
               agreed by the Government of Colombia and the People’s Alternative Revolutionary
               Force (FARC),
                    1.    Decides to extend, to 25 September 2021, the mandate of the Verification
               Mission and reporting requirements in accordance with its resolutions 2366 (2017),
               2377 (2017), 2435 (2018), and 2487 (2019), headed by a Special Representative of
               the Secretary-General of the United Nations;
                     2.   Expresses its willingness to work with the Government of Colombia to
               further extend the mandate of the Verification Mission on the basis of agreement
               between the parties;
                     3.    Recalls that the Final Agreement envisages a role for the Verification
               Mission in verifying compliance with the sentences of the Special Jurisdiction for
               Peace, and expresses its readiness to consider, in a timely manner, the addition of this
               task to the mandate of the Verification Mission, based on the outcome of the ongoing
               consultation process coordinated by the Government of Colombia.

20-12579 (E)
*2012579*

Security Council resolution 2545 (2020) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Verification Mission in Colombia until 25 Sept. 2021]

S/75 [302] COLOMBIA--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Identical letters dated 19 January 2016 from the Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council (S/2016/53).

UN Verification Mission in Colombia|SPECIAL MISSIONS|PEACE AGREEMENTS|VERIFICATION|COLOMBIA


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2546 (2020)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                2 October 2020

               Resolution 2546 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8763rd meeting, on
               2 October 2020

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolutions 2240 (2015), 2312 (2016), 2380 (2017), 2437 (2018)
               and 2491 (2019) and its Presidential Statement of 16 December 2015
               (S/PRST/2015/25),
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and national unity of Libya,
                    Welcoming the Secretary-General’s report of 2 September 2020 (S/2020/876)
               including its observations on the plight of migrants and refugees in Libya,
                    Mindful of its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace
               and security under the Charter of the United Nations,
                    Welcoming the measures that have been taken to implement resolution 2240
               (2015), encouraging their continuation and taking note of the deployment of
               Operation EUNAVFOR MED Irini in this regard,
                    Reaffirming the necessity to put an end to the ongoing proliferation of, and
               endangerment of lives by, the smuggling of migrants and trafficking of persons in the
               Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Libya, and, for these specific purposes, acting
               under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.   Condemns all acts of migrant smuggling and human trafficking into,
               through and from the Libyan territory and off the coast of Libya, which undermine
               further the process of stabilisation of Libya and endanger the lives of hundreds of
               thousands of people;
                     2.    Decides to renew the authorisations as set out in paragraphs 7, 8, 9 and 10
               of resolution 2240 (2015), for a further period of twelve months from the date of
               adoption of this resolution, reaffirms paragraph 11 thereof and reiterates its
               resolutions 2240 (2015), 2312 (2106), 2380 (2017), 2437 (2018) and 2491 (2019) and
               its Presidential Statement S/PRST/2015/25;
                     3.    Renews the reporting requests set out in paragraph 17 of its resolution 2240
               (2015) from the date of adoption of this resolution, and requests the Secretary-General
               to report to the Security Council eleven months after the adoption of this resolution
               on its implementation, in particular with regard to the implementation of paragraphs 7
               to 10 of its resolution 2240 (2015);

20-12940 (E)
*2012940*

S/RES/2546 (2020)

                    4.    Expresses its intention to continue to review the situation and consider, as
               appropriate, renewing the authority provided in this resolution for additional periods;
                    5.    Decides to remain seized of the matter.

2/2                                                                                20-12940

Security Council resolution 2546 (2020) [on renewal for 12 months of the authorizations as set out in paras. 7, 8, 9 and 10 of Security Council resolution 2240 (2015) concerning migrant smuggling and human trafficking into, through and from the Libyan territory and off the coast of Libya]

S/75 [219] LIBYA SITUATION
S/ X Maintenance of international peace and security.

Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS|MIGRANTS|LIBYA|MEDITERRANEAN SEA|CRIME PREVENTION|JURISDICTION OVER SHIPS AT SEA


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2547 (2020)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                15 October 2020

               Resolution 2547 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8768th meeting, on
               15 October 2020

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions on Haiti, in particular its resolutions 2476
               (2019), 2466 (2019), 2410 (2018), 2350 (2017), 2313 (2016), 2243 (2015), 2180
               (2014), 2119 (2013), 2070 (2012), 2012 (2011), 1944 (2010), 1927 (2010), 1908
               (2010), 1892 (2009), 1840 (2008), 1780 (2007), 1743 (2007), 1702 (2006), 1658
               (2006), 1608 (2005), 1601 (2005), 1576 (2004), 1529 (2004), and 1542 (2004),
                     Recalling in particular its resolution 2476 (2019), which established the United
               Nations Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH) beginning on 16 October 2019 based on
               the report of the Secretary-General of 1 March 2019 (document S/2019/198),
                     Reiterating the essential constitutional role of Haiti’s Parliament and the urgent
               need for inclusive inter-Haitian national dialogue to address longstanding drivers of
               instability by creating a sustainable and commonly accepted framework to permit the
               organization of free, fair, and transparent legislative elections as soon as technically
               feasible,
                     1.   Decides to extend, to 15 October 2021 the mandate of BINUH in
               accordance with its resolution 2476 (2019), headed by a Special Representative of the
               Secretary‑General of the United Nations, and the reporting requirements specified in
               resolution 2476 (2019);
                    2.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

20-13662 (E)
*2013662*

Security Council resolution 2547 (2020) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH) until 15 Oct. 2021]

S/75 [140] UN INTEGRATED OFFICE IN HAITI
S/75 [138] HAITI--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X The question concerning Haiti.

UN Integrated Office in Haiti|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the UN Integrated Office in Haiti|SPECIAL MISSIONS|GOOD OFFICES|HAITI|HAITI QUESTION


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2548 (2020)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                30 October 2020

               Resolution 2548 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council on 30 October 2020

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling and reaffirming all its previous resolutions on Western Sahara,
                    Reaffirming its strong support for the efforts of the Secretary-General and his
               incoming Personal Envoy to implement resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813
               (2008), 1871 (2009), 1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), 2044 (2012), 2099 (2013), 2152
               (2014), 2218 (2015), 2285 (2016), 2351 (2017), 2414 (2018), 2440 (2018), 2468
               (2019), and 2494 (2019),
                    Paying tribute to Horst Köhler, former Personal Envoy of the Secretary -General
               for Western Sahara, and commending his efforts in holding the round -table process,
               which created new momentum in the political process,
                   Looking forward to the appointment of a new Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara at the earliest opportunity,
                    Welcoming the new momentum created by the first round-table meeting on
               5−6 December 2018 and the second round-table meeting on 21–22 March 2019, and
               commitment by Morocco, the Frente Polisario, Algeria, and Mauritania to engage in
               the UN political process on Western Sahara in a serious and respectful manner in
               order to identify elements of convergence,
                     Encouraging the resumption of consultations between the incoming Personal
               Envoy and Morocco, the Frente Polisario, Algeria and Mauritania in this regard to
               build on the progress achieved,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to assist the parties to achieve a just, lasting, and
               mutually acceptable political solution, based on compromise, which will provide for
               the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements
               consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the Un ited Nations, and
               noting the role and responsibilities of the parties in this respect,
                    Reiterating its call upon Morocco, the Frente Polisario, Algeria and Mauritania
               to cooperate more fully with each other, including through building additional trust,
               and with the United Nations, as well as to strengthen their involvement in the political
               process and to achieve progress towards a political solution,
                    Recognizing that achieving a political solution to this long-standing dispute and
               enhanced cooperation between the Member States of the Maghreb Arab Union would

20-14409 (E)
*2014409*

S/RES/2548 (2020)

               contribute to stability and security, in turn leading to jobs, growth and opportunities
               for all the peoples in the Sahel region,
                    Welcoming the efforts of the Secretary-General to keep all peacekeeping
               operations, including the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western
               Sahara (MINURSO), under close review and reiterating the need for the Council to
               pursue a rigorous, strategic approach to peacekeeping deployments, and effective
               management of resources,
                     Recalling resolution 2378 (2017) and its request of the Secretary-General to
               ensure that data related to the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations, including
               peacekeeping performance data, is used to improve analytics and the evaluation of
               mission operations, based on clear and well identified benchmarks, and further
               recalling resolution 2436 (2018) and its request of the Secretary-General to ensure
               that decisions to recognize and incentivize outstanding performance and decisions
               regarding deployment, remediation, training, withholding of financial reimbursement,
               and repatriation of uniformed or dismissal of civilian personnel, are predicated on
               objective performance data,
                    Recalling resolution 2242 (2015) and 2538 (2020) and its aspiration to increase
               the number of women in military and police contingents of United Nations
               peacekeeping operations,
                     Recognizing the important role played by MINURSO on the ground and the need
               for it to fully implement its mandate, including its role in supporting the incoming
               Personal Envoy to achieve a mutually acceptable political solution,
                    Expressing concern about the violations of existing agreements, reiterating the
               importance of full adherence to these commitments in order to sustain momentum in
               the Western Sahara political process, and taking note of the commitments provided
               by the Frente Polisario to the former Personal Envoy, and in thi s regard welcoming
               the Secretary-General’s assessment on 23 September 2020 that the situation in
               Western Sahara has remained relatively calm with the ceasefire continuing to hold
               and respect by the parties for MINURSO’s mandate,
                    Taking note of the Moroccan proposal presented on 11 April 2007 to the
               Secretary-General and welcoming serious and credible Moroccan efforts to move the
               process forward towards resolution; also taking note of the Polisario Front proposal
               presented 10 April 2007 to the Secretary-General,
                     Encouraging in this context, the parties to demonstrate further political will
               towards a solution including by expanding upon their discussion of each other’s
               proposals and recommitting to UN efforts in a spirit of realism and compromise, and
               further encouraging the neighbouring countries to make contributions to the political
               process,
                     Encouraging the parties to cooperate further with the United Nations Office of
               the High Commissioner for Refugees in identifying and implementing confidence -
               building measures that can serve to foster the trust necessary for a successful political
               process,
                     Stressing the importance of improving the human rights situation in Western
               Sahara and the Tindouf camps, and encouraging the parties to work with the
               international community to develop and implement independent and credible
               measures to ensure full respect for human rights, bearing in mind their relevant
               obligations under international law,
                   Encouraging the parties to sustain in their respective efforts to enhance the
               promotion and protection of human rights in Western Sahara and the Tindouf refugee
               camps, including the freedoms of expression and association,

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                                                                                S/RES/2548 (2020)

                Welcoming in this regard, steps and initiatives taken by Morocco, and the role
           played by the National Council on Human Rights Co mmissions operating in Dakhla
           and Laayoune, and Morocco’s interaction with Special Procedures of the United
           Nations Human Rights Council,
                 Strongly encouraging enhancing cooperation with the Office of the United
           Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), including through
           facilitating visits to the region,
                 Noting with deep concern the continued hardships faced by Sahrawi refugees
           and their dependency on external humanitarian assistance, and further noting with
           deep concern insufficient funding for those living in Tindouf refugee camps and the
           risks associated with the reduction of food assistance,
                Reiterating its request for consideration of a refugee registration in the Tindouf
           refugee camps and emphasizing efforts be made in this regard,
                 Recalling United Nations Security Council resolutions 1325 and 2250 and
           related resolutions; stressing the importance of a commitment by the parties to
           continue the process of negotiations through the United Nations -sponsored talks and
           encouraging the full, effective and meaningful participation of women and active and
           meaningful participation of youth in these talks,
                Recognizing that the status quo is not acceptable, and noting further that
           progress in negotiations is essential in order to improve the quality o f life of the
           people of Western Sahara in all its aspects,
                Affirming its full support for Special Representative of the Secretary-General
           for Western Sahara and Head of MINURSO Colin Stewart,
                Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 23 September 2020
           (S/2020/938),
                1.    Decides to extend the mandate of MINURSO until 31 October 2021;
                 2.    Emphasizes the need to achieve a realistic, practicable and enduring
           political solution to the question of Western Sahara based on compromise and the
           importance of aligning the strategic focus of MINURSO and orienting resources of
           the United Nations to this end;
                 3.    Expresses its full support for the ongoing efforts of the Secretary -General
           and his incoming Personal Envoy to sustain the renewed negotiations process in order
           to achieve a solution to the Western Sahara question, notes the intention of the former
           Personal Envoy to invite Morocco, the Frente Polisario, Algeria, and Mauritania to
           meet again in the same format, and welcomes the commitment of Morocco, the Frente
           Polisario, Algeria, and Mauritania to remain engaged throughout the duration of this
           process, in a spirit of realism and compromise, to ensure a successful outcome;
                 4.   Calls upon the parties to resume negotiations under the auspices of the
           Secretary-General without preconditions and in good faith, taking into account the
           efforts made since 2006 and subsequent developments with a view to achieving a just,
           lasting, and mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the
           self-determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements
           consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and
           noting the role and responsibilities of the parties in this respect;
                5.    Invites Member States to lend appropriate assistance to these talks;
                6.    Reaffirms the need for full respect of the military agreements reached with
           MINURSO with regard to the ceasefire and calls on the parties to adhere fully to
           those agreements, implement their commitments to the former Personal Envoy, and

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               refrain from any actions that could undermine UN-facilitated negotiations or further
               destabilize the situation in the Western Sahara;
                    7.    Reiterates its call upon all parties to cooperate fully with MINURSO,
               including its free interaction with all interlocutors, and to take the necessary steps to
               ensure the security of as well as unhindered movement and immediate access for the
               United Nations and associated personnel in carrying out their mandate, in conformity
               with existing agreements;
                     8.   Emphasizes the importance of a renewed commitment by the parties to
               advancing the political process in preparation for further negotiations, recalls its
               endorsement of the recommendation in the report of 14 April 2008 (S/2008/251) that
               realism and a spirit of compromise by the parties are essential to achieve progress in
               negotiations, and encourages the neighbouring countries to make important, active
               contributions to this process;
                     9.   Calls upon the parties to demonstrate political will and work in an
               atmosphere propitious for dialogue in order to advance negotiations, thus ensuring
               implementation of resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008), 1871 (2009),
               1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), 2044 (2012), 2099 (2013), 2152 (2014), 2218 (2015), 2285
               (2016), 2351 (2017), 2414 (2018), 2440 (2018), 2468 (2019), and 2494 (2019) and
               the success of negotiations;
                     10. Requests the Secretary-General to brief the Security Council on a regular
               basis, and at any time he deems appropriate during the mandate period, to inclu de
               within six months of this mandate’s renewal and again prior to its expiration, on the
               status and progress of these negotiations under his auspices, on the implementation
               of this resolution, challenges to MINURSO’s operations and steps taken to address
               them, expresses its intention to meet to receive and discuss his briefings and in this
               regard, further requests the Secretary-General to provide a report on the situation in
               Western Sahara well before the end of the mandate period;
                     11. Welcomes the initiatives undertaken by the Secretary-General to
               standardize a culture of performance in UN peacekeeping, and reaffirms its support
               for the development of a comprehensive and integrated performance policy
               framework that identifies clear standards of performance for evaluating all United
               Nations civilian and uniformed personnel working in and supporting peacekeeping
               operations that facilitates effective and full implementation of mandates, and includes
               comprehensive and objective methodologies based on clear and well-defined
               benchmarks to ensure accountability for underperformance and incentives and
               recognition for outstanding performance, and calls on him to apply this framework to
               MINURSO as described in resolution 2436 (2018), requests the Secretary-General to
               seek to increase the number of women in MINURSO, as well as to ensure the full,
               effective, and meaningful participation of women in all aspects of operations;
                    12. Urges the parties and neighbouring states to engage productively with
               MINURSO as it further considers how new technologies can be used to reduce risk,
               improve force protection, and better implement its mandate;
                     13. Encourages the parties to cooperate with the Office of the United Nations
               High Commissioner for Refugees to identify and implement confidence -building
               measures, including to engage women and youth, and encourages neighbouring states
               to support these efforts;
                     14. Urges Member States to provide new and additional voluntary
               contributions to fund food programmes to ensure that the humanitarian needs of
               refugees are adequately addressed and avoid reductions in food rations;

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                 15. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take necessary measures to
           ensure full compliance of all personnel in MINURSO with the United Nations zero -
           tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to keep the Council fully
           informed through his reports to the Council about the Mission’s p rogress in this
           regard, and urges troop-contributing and police-contributing countries to continue
           taking appropriate preventative action including vetting of all personnel,
           predeployment and in-mission awareness training, and to ensure full accountability
           in cases of such conduct involving their personnel through timely investigation of
           allegations by troop-contributing and police-contributing countries and MINURSO,
           as appropriate;
                16.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2548 (2020) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 31 Oct. 2021]

S/75 [45] UN MISSION FOR THE REFERENDUM IN WESTERN SAHARA
S/75 [44] WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION
S/ X The situation concerning Western Sahara.

UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|UN. Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|WESTERN SAHARA|NEGOTIATION|PEACE AGREEMENTS|WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION


               United Nations                                                                  S/RES/2549 (2020)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               5 November 2020

               Resolution 2549 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council on 5 November 2020

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling all its previous relevant resolutions concerning the conflicts in the
               Former Yugoslavia and relevant statements of its President, including resolutions
               1031 (1995) of 15 December 1995, 1088 (1996) of 12 December 1996, 1423 (2002)
               of 12 July 2002, 1491 (2003) of 11 July 2003, 1551 (2004) of 9 July 2004, 1575
               (2004) of 22 November 2004, 1639 (2005) of 21 November 2005, 1722 (2006) of
               21 November 2006, 1764 (2007) of 29 June 2007, 1785 (2007) of 21 November 2007,
               1845 (2008) of 20 November 2008, 1869 (2009) of 25 March 2009, 1895 (2009) of
               18 November 2009, 1948 (2010) of 18 November 2010, 2019 (2011) of 16 November
               2011, 2074 (2012) of 14 November 2012, 2123 (2013) of 12 November 2013, 2183
               (2014) of 11 November 2014, 2247 (2015) of 10 November 2015, 2315 (2016) of
               8 November 2016, 2384 (2017) of 7 November 2017, 2443 (2018) of 6 November
               2018, and 2496 (2019) of 5 November 2019,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to the political settlement of the conflicts in the
               Former Yugoslavia, preserving the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all States
               there within their internationally recognized borders,
                     Underlining its commitment to support the implementation of the General
               Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the annexes thereto
               (collectively the Peace Agreement, S/1995/999, Annex), as well as the relevant
               decisions of the Peace Implementation Council (PIC),
                    Recognizing this year as the 25th anniversary of the signing of the Peace
               Agreement,
                     Recognizing the importance of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s transition to a
               functional, reform oriented, and democratic European country,
                    Noting the reports of the High Representative, including his latest report of
               28 October 2020,
                     Encouraging the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the support of the
               international community, to accelerate their efforts to address the disposal of excess
               ammunition,
                     Emphasizing its appreciation to the Commander and personnel of the
               multinational stabilization force (EUFOR ALTHEA) and the personnel of other
               international organizations and agencies in Bosnia and Herzegovina for their

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               contributions to the implementation of the Peace Agreement, and taking note of
               EUFOR ALTHEA’s strategic review, conducted in 2019,
                    Recalling all the agreements concerning the status of forces referred to in
               Appendix B to Annex 1-A of the Peace Agreement, and reminding the parties of their
               obligation to continue to comply therewith,
                    Further recalling the provisions of its resolution 1551 (2004) concerning the
               provisional application of the status of forces agreements contained in Appendix B to
               Annex 1-A of the Peace Agreement,
                      Welcoming the continued presence of EUFOR ALTHEA and the EU’s readiness
               at this stage to continue an executive military role to support Bosnia and Herzegovina
               authorities to maintain the safe and secure environment, the current focus of its
               mandate, and its regular review, including on the basis of the situation on the ground,
                     Reiterating its calls on the competent authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina to
               take necessary steps to complete the 5+2 agenda, which remains necessary for closure
               of the Office of the High Representative, as confirmed by the PIC Steering Board
               communiqués,
                     Reaffirming provisions concerning the High Representative as set out in its
               previous resolutions, and further reaffirming Article V of Annex 10 of the Peace
               Agreement regarding the High Representative’s final authority in theatre in the
               interpretation of the civilian implementation of the Agreement,
                    Taking note of the Peace Agreement and of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s
               leadership’s commitment towards a European perspective, including through the
               submission of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s EU membership application in February
               2016 and through the implementation of the recommendations in the EU
               Commission’s Opinion issued in May 2019, and recalling that Bosnia and
               Herzegovina’s commitment needs to be translated urgently into comprehensive
               reform results on the ground,
                    Underscoring the urgency to implement the rulings of the European Court of
               Human Rights as well as the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and
               emphasizing that progress needs to be made on electoral reform in a spirit of
               consensus within the current legislative period to move the country towards modern
               democratic standards in accordance with the OSCE-ODIHR, Venice Commission, and
               the Council of Europe’s Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)’s
               recommendations to improve the electoral framework,
                    Noting with concern continued polarizing unconstructive policies, actions and
               rhetoric in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and reiterating its calls to political leaders to
               advance reconciliation and mutual understanding,
                    Calling for all levels of authorities to further coordinate and implement
               socioeconomic reforms that will address structural weaknesses of the economy to the
               benefit of all citizens,
                     Emphasizing the need for Bosnia and Herzegovina to step up efforts regarding
               the functioning and independence of the judiciary, the fight against corruption and
               organized crime, and the fight against terrorism and prevention of radicalization,
                     Noting positively the adoption of the revised National War Crimes Processing
               Strategy by the Bosnia and Herzegovina Council of Ministers and encouraging
               authorities of its implementation,
                    Encouraging the parties to implement Bosnia and Herzegovina ’s National
               Action Plan on Women Peace and Security in an inclusive manner and looking
               forward to its continuation,

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                 Recognizing that the security environment has remained calm and stable, and
           noting that the Bosnia and Herzegovina authorities have so far prove n capable to deal
           with threats to the safe and secure environment,
                 Determining that the situation in the region continues to constitute a threat to
           international peace and security,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                1.    Reiterates that the primary responsibility for the further successful
           implementation of the Peace Agreement lies with all the authorities in Bosnia and
           Herzegovina themselves and notes the continued willingness of the international
           community and major donors to support them in implementing the Peace Agreement,
           and calls upon all the authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina to fully cooperate with
           the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals and support
           investigations and prosecutions in the national system;
               2.  Welcomes the EU’s readiness to maintain an EU military operation
           (EUFOR ALTHEA) in Bosnia and Herzegovina from November 2020;
                 3.   Authorizes the Member States acting through or in cooperation with the
           EU to establish for a further period of twelve months, starting from the date of the
           adoption of this resolution, a multinational stabilization force (EUFOR ALTHEA) as
           a legal successor to SFOR under unified command and control, which will fulfil its
           missions in relation to the implementation of An nex 1-A and Annex 2 of the Peace
           Agreement in cooperation with the NATO Headquarters presence in accordance with
           the arrangements agreed between NATO and the EU as communicated to the Security
           Council in their letters of 19 November 2004, which recognize t hat EUFOR ALTHEA
           will have the main peace stabilization role under the military aspects of the Peace
           Agreement;
                 4.   Decides to renew the authorization provided by paragraph 11 of its
           resolution 2183 (2014) for a further period of twelve months starting from the date of
           adoption of this resolution;
                 5.    Authorizes the Member States acting under paragraph 3 and 4 above to
           take all necessary measures to effect the implementation of and to ensure compliance
           with annexes 1-A and 2 of the Peace Agreement, stresses that the parties shall
           continue to be held equally responsible for the compliance with that annex and shall
           be equally subject to such enforcement action by EUFOR ALTHEA and the NATO
           presence as may be necessary to ensure implementation of those annexes and the
           protection of EUFOR ALTHEA and the NATO presence;
                 6.   Authorizes Member States to take all necessary measures, at the request of
           either EUFOR ALTHEA or the NATO Headquarters, in defence of the E UFOR
           ALTHEA or NATO presence respectively, and to assist both organizations in carrying
           out their missions, and recognizes the right of both EUFOR ALTHEA and the NATO
           presence to take all necessary measures to defend themselves from attack or threat of
           attack;
                 7.   Authorizes the Member States acting under paragraph 3 and 4 above, in
           accordance with annex 1-A of the Peace Agreement, to take all necessary measures
           to ensure compliance with the rules and procedures governing command and control
           of airspace over Bosnia and Herzegovina with respect to all civilian and military air
           traffic;
                8.  Urges all concerned parties to proceed with the formation of the
           governments at Federation and cantonal levels;

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                    9.   Urges the parties to prioritize the implementation of co mprehensive
               reforms in a manner which benefits all citizens and is in line with the country’s
               European perspective, and further calls on them to refrain from any polarizing
               unconstructive policy, action and rhetoric;
                    10. Urges the parties, in accordance with the Peace Agreement, to abide to
               their commitment to cooperate fully with all institutions involved in the
               implementation of this peace settlement, as described in the Peace Agreement,
               including Annex 4;
                     11. Reaffirms that under the Peace Agreement, Bosnia and Herzegovina
               consists of two entities, which exist legally by virtue of the Bosnia and Herzegovina
               Constitution, and further reaffirms that any change to the Constitution must be made
               in accordance with the amendment procedure prescribed therein;
                    12.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2549 (2020) [on renewal of the authorization of the European Union-led Multinational Stabilization Force (EUFOR ALTHEA) in Bosnia and Herzegovina for a period of 12 months]

S/75 [62] BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SITUATION
S/75 [60] FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

EUFOR|NATO|Agreement on Implementing the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEBUILDING|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SITUATION|FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SITUATION


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2550 (2020)
               Security Council                                                   Distr.: General
                                                                                12 November 2020

               Resolution 2550 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8774th meeting, on
               12 November 2020

                    The Security Council,
                     Reaffirming all previous resolutions and Presidential statements concerning the
               situation in Abyei and along the border between Sudan and South Sudan and
               underlining the importance of full compliance with and implementation of these,
                      Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and
               territorial integrity of Sudan and South Sudan, and to the purposes and the principles
               of the Charter of the United Nations, and recalling the importance of the principles of
               good neighbourliness, non-interference and regional cooperation,
                     Reiterating that the territorial boundaries of States shall not be altered by force,
               and that any territorial disputes shall be settled exclusively by peaceful means,
               affirming the priority it attaches to the full and urgent implementation of all
               outstanding issues from the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), underscoring
               that the future status of Abyei shall be resolved by negotiations between the parties
               in a manner consistent with the CPA and not by the unilateral actions of either party,
               and recalling prior agreements on the administration and security of the Abyei Area,
                    Welcoming continued cooperation between the Government of the Republic of
               the Sudan and Government of the Republic of South Sudan in support of peace,
               security and stability, including the signing of the Juba Peace Agreement on Sudan
               on 3 October 2020, further welcoming recent high-level discussions between Sudan
               and South Sudan on the status of Abyei, and the convening of the Joint Political and
               Security Mechanism (JPSM) 28–29 October 2020, and encouraging that such
               meetings and those of other joint mechanisms take place on a consistent basis,
                    Encouraging the African Union, the African Union High-Level Implementation
               Panel (AUHIP), and the UN Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Horn of
               Africa to intensify their mediation roles with the Governments of South Sudan and
               Sudan to encourage them to establish temporary administrative and security
               arrangements for Abyei and to achieve a political solution for the status of Abyei, and
               commending the continued assistance provided to the parties by the Federal
               Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, and the United Nations Interim Security Force for
               Abyei (UNISFA),
                   Acknowledging that over the course of the nine years since establishment of
               UNISFA the mission has contributed towards the stabilization and demilitarization of

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               the Abyei Area and together with the Joint Border Verification and Monitoring
               Mechanism (JBVMM) played a stabilizing role along the borders be tween South
               Sudan and Sudan,
                     Stressing the need to reconfigure the mission to adapt to the current security
               situation and to develop a viable exit strategy and plan for a responsible drawdown
               of UNISFA based on the improved ability of Sudan and South Sud an to manage
               bilateral disputes, which prioritizes safety and security of civilians living in Abyei
               and accounts for the stability of the region,
                     Underlining that over the course of nine years the Government of Sudan and the
               Government of South Sudan have not made progress establishing joint institutions in
               Abyei, and encouraging Sudan and South Sudan to engage in substantive dialogue
               that can advance the political process for resolution of the Abyei dispute,
                    Expressing concern that the delayed deployment of UN police to the level
               authorized by the Council prevents UNISFA from fulfilling its security mandate and
               holds the potential to create a security vacuum in Abyei, and further expressing
               concern about Sudan and South Sudan’s efforts to impede UNISFA from fully
               executing its mandate, including by withholding visas for police, blocking
               appointment of a civilian Deputy Head of Mission and denying access to Athony
               airport, which would ease UNISFA’s logistical challenges, reduce transport costs, and
               enhance safety and security for UNISFA personnel,
                     Commending the efforts of UNISFA, notwithstanding the impediments referred
               to in the previous paragraph, in its attempts to carry out its mandate effectively,
               including by its ongoing facilitation of peaceful migration throughout the Abyei Area,
               conflict prevention, mediation and deterrence, and expressing grave concern about
               the security threats and targeted attacks against United Nations peacekeepers in
               UNISFA, strongly underscoring the unacceptability of any attack on United Nations
               personnel, and reiterating that such attacks, which may constitute war crimes, should
               be swiftly and thoroughly investigated, and that those responsible should be held to
               account,
                     Bearing in mind that people in the Abyei Area continue to rely on humanitarian
               assistance, that access for humanitarian organizations to reach people in need remains
               of crucial importance, and that humanitarian actors continue to provide assistance to
               210,000 people in the Abyei Area,
                     Recalling resolutions 1325 (2000) and subsequent resolutions on women, peace,
               and security and emphasizing that persistent barriers to full implementation of these
               resolutions will only be dismantled through dedicated com mitment to women’s
               empowerment, participation, and human rights, and through concerted leadership,
               consistent information and action, and support,
                    Recognizing that the current situation in Abyei and along the border between
               Sudan and South Sudan continues to constitute a threat to international peace and
               security,
                     1.    Decides to extend until 15 May 2021 the mandate of UNISFA as set out in
               paragraph 2 of resolution 1990 (2011) and acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of
               the United Nations, further decides to extend until 15 May 2021 the tasks of UNISFA
               as set out in paragraph 3 of resolution 1990 (2011);
                     2.   Decides to extend until 15 May 2021 UNISFA’s mandate modification set
               forth in resolution 2024 (2011) and paragraph 1 of resolution 2075 (2012), which
               provides for UNISFA’s support to the Joint Border Verification and Monitoring
               Mechanism (JBVMM), and further decides that this shall be the final such extension
               unless the parties take the specific measures described in paragraph 3;

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                3.    Determines that both parties should continue to demonstrate measurable
           progress on border demarcation, specifically by taking the measures listed below:
                (1)   UNISFA and JBVMM Patrols: Achieve standing clearance and full
                      freedom of movement for all air and ground patrols,
                (2)   JBVMM Team Sites: Support operationalizing the team site in Abu
                      Qussa/Wunkur,
                (3)   JPSM: Provide clear guidance to JBVMM by convening two meetings of
                      the JPSM and ensure conclusions of meetings are widely disseminated,
                (4)   Safe Demilitarized Border Zone (SDBZ): Immediately withdraw from the
                      SDBZ as both parties committed to do in the 28–29 October 2020 JPSM,
                      and to provide notification of such withdrawal to UNISFA for verification,
                (5)   Border Crossing Corridors: Operationalize the reopening of border
                      crossing corridors per the decision of the 28–29 October 2020 JPSM, and
                      together with UNISFA verify their functioning and free movement across
                      the border,
                (6)   Border Demarcation: Develop a detailed work plan and budget for
                      demarcation discussions, including negotiations on the disputed areas
                      within the framework of the signed agreements, and hold two meetings of
                      the Joint Demarcation Committee
                (7)   National Monitors: Maintain deployment of national monitors to
                      participate in JBVMM operational activities;
                4.    Maintains the authorized troop ceiling at 3,550 until 15 May 2021;
                5.    Maintains the authorized police ceiling at 640 police personnel, including
           148 individual police officers and three formed police units, requests the United
           Nations to take necessary steps to deploy additional police sequentially in order to
           meet the authorized police ceiling of 640, and expresses its intention to reduce the
           authorized police ceiling as the Abyei Police Service is gradually established and
           providing effective law enforcement throughout the Abyei area;
                 6.    Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to appoint a civilian Deputy
           Head of Mission for UNISFA and add additional civilian staff within existing
           resources to further facilitate liaison between and engagement with the parties in a
           manner consistent with the Agreement on Temporary Arrangements for the
           Administration and Security of the Abyei Area of June 2011, including agreement to
           establish the Abyei Police Service;
                7.     Expresses disappointment that the Governments of Sudan and South Sudan
           continue to obstruct full implementation of UNISFA’s mandate, and demands that the
           two countries provide full support to UNISFA in the deployment of UNISFA
           personnel, including by promptly issuing visas withou t prejudice of their
           nationalities, and expresses its serious concern that the Government of Sudan has not
           issued visas promptly to support personnel critical for the mandate of UNISFA,
           including police;
                 8.    Urges that the Governments of Sudan and South Sudan facilitate basing
           arrangements for UNISFA in the Mission area including Athony airport, and provide
           necessary flight clearances, and notes that the utilization of Athony airport will reduce
           UNISFA’s transport costs and logistical challenges, facilitate MEDEVAC, official
           travel and air cargo needs for the Mission, increase humanitarian access, and enhance
           safety and security for UNISFA personnel in line with resolution 2518 (2020), and
           further calls upon all parties to fully adhere to their obligations under the Status of
           Forces Agreements;

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                    9.    Urges continued progress towards establishing temporary administrative
               and security arrangements that are agreed to by the parties;
                     10. Encourages the African Union, AUHIP, and the Special Envoy of the
               Secretary-General to continue coordinating efforts to establish temporary
               administrative and security arrangements for Abyei and to achieve a political solution
               to the status of Abyei, further encourages UNISFA to coordinate with the African
               Union, AUHIP and the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on reconciliation,
               community sensitization, and political peace processes, and reiterates its requests for
               the Secretary-General to consult with relevant parties on enhancing the role played
               by the Special Envoy for the Horn of Africa to support the above mentioned efforts;
                    11. Urges renewed efforts to determine conclusively the Safe Demilitarized
               Border Zone (SDBZ) centreline on the ground, and reiterates that the centreline of
               the SDBZ in no way prejudices the current or future legal status of the border, ongoing
               negotiations on the disputed and claimed areas, and demarcation of the borders;
                     12. Underscores that UNISFA’s protection of civilians mandate as set out in
               paragraph 3 of resolution 1990 (2011) includes taking the necessary actions to protect
               civilians under imminent threat of physical violence, irrespective of the source of
               such violence, and in that regard underlines that peacekeepers are authorized to use
               all necessary means, which includes the use of force when required, in order to protect
               civilians under threat of physical violence, in accordance with mission mandates, the
               United Nations Charter and other applicable international law, and stresses the
               importance of continued and further engagement by senior mission leadership, with
               a view to ensuring that all mission components and all levels of the chain of command
               are properly informed of, trained for, and involved in the mission’s protection of
               civilians mandate and their relevant responsibilities; and commending UNISFA’s
               efforts in that regard;
                      13. Condemns the intermittent presence of South Sudan security service
               personnel and the deployment of Diffra Oil Police units in the Abyei Area, in violation
               of the 20 June 2011 Agreement, as well as any entry of armed militias into the
               territory, and reiterates its demands that immediately and without preconditions the
               Government of South Sudan fully redeploy its security service personnel from the
               Abyei Area and that the Government of Sudan redeploy the Oil Police in Diffra from
               the Abyei Area, and further reiterates, in accordance with relevant resolutions, in
               particular resolution 1990 (2011) and resolution 2046 (2012), that the Abyei Area
               shall be demilitarized from any forces, as well as armed elements of the local
               communities, other than UNISFA and the Abyei Police Service;
                    14. Urges the two governments to take all necessary steps to ensure that Abyei
               is effectively demilitarized, including through disarmament programmes as
               necessary;
                     15. Reaffirms that UNISFA may undertake weapons confiscation and
               destruction in the Abyei Area as authorized under resolution 1990 (2011), consistent
               with its mandate and within its existing capabilities, in coordination with the
               signatories of the June 2011 Agreement on the Temporary Arrangements for the
               Administration and Security of the Abyei Area, the AJOC, and the Misseriya and
               Ngok Dinka communities and consistent with the previous AJOC decision to establish
               the Area as a “weapons free area”, calls upon the Governments of Sudan and South
               Sudan, the AJOC, and the Misseriya and Ngok Dinka communities and all other
               groups to extend full cooperation to UNISFA in this regard;
                    16. Welcomes UNISFA initiatives to support community dialogue and efforts
               by the Misseriya, Ngok Dinka, and all other communities, such as local peace
               committees, to strengthen intercommunal relationships and facilitate stability and

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           reconciliation in the Abyei Area, and invites UNISFA to coordinate with the Jubaappointed administration in Abyei, the Misseriya administration in Muglad, and the
           Khartoum-appointed administration, using appropriate civilian expertise, to maintain
           stability, foster intercommunal reconciliation, and facilitate the return of displaced
           persons to their villages and the delivery of services;
                 17. Urges the Governments of Sudan and South Sudan to take steps to
           implement and facilitate confidence-building measures among the respective
           communities in the Abyei Area, providing for the full, equal, and meaningful
           participation of women, regardless of area of origin, at all stages, including through
           reconciliation processes at the grass-roots level as well as through ongoing efforts of
           non-governmental organizations and by fully supporting UNISFA’s efforts in
           promoting community dialogue, further urges Sudan and South Sudan to consider the
           support of the UN and African Union to help facilitate dialogue amongst all parties
           in Abyei, and looks forward to the results of the joint investigation announced by the
           Governments of Sudan and South Sudan to hold perpetrators accountable for violence
           in the Kolom area of Abyei in January 2020;
                18. Expresses concern that women remain absent from the leadership of local
           peace committees, recognizes the Juba-appointed Chief Administrator’s public
           support for women’s empowerment, calls upon all parties to promote the full, equal,
           and meaningful participation of women, including at all levels of intercommunity
           dialogue, to ensure a credible, and legitimate process, and welcomes and encourages
           UNISFA’s efforts to integrate women into peace discussions;
                 19. Welcomes UNISFA’s continued efforts, in close coordination with the
           Misseriya and Ngok Dinka communities, to strengthen the capacities of Community
           Protection Committees in order to assist with management of law and order processes
           in Abyei, while ensuring the humane and dignified treatment of suspects and other
           detainees, and to continue engaging with both governments on this is sue;
                 20. Calls upon all parties to cooperate fully with the findings and
           recommendations following the Abyei Area Joint Investigation and Inquiry
           Committee’s investigation into the killing of a UNISFA peacekeeper and the Ngok
           Dinka Paramount Chief, following the release of findings by the AU Commission,
           welcomes the 24 March 2015 AUPSC press statement requesting the AU Commission
           to engage the parties on the findings and recommendations, and looks forward to the
           release of the African Union Commission’s report on the killing of the Ngok Dinka
           chief, as agreed to by the traditional leaders, and for the report to be used as a basis
           for reconciliation between the communities, bearing in mind the need to promote
           stability and reconciliation in the Abyei Area;
                 21. Calls upon all Member States, in particular Sudan and South Sudan, to
           provide for the free, unhindered and expeditious movement, to and from Abyei and
           throughout the SDBZ, of all personnel, as well as equipment, provisions, supplies and
           other goods, including vehicles, aircraft, and spare parts, which are for the exclusive
           and official use of UNISFA;
                  22. Demands that all parties involved allow, in accordance with international
           law, including applicable international humanitarian law, all humanitarian personnel
           full, safe and unhindered access to civilians in need of assistance and all necessary
           facilities for their operations, consistent with United Nations guiding principles of
           humanitarian assistance, including humanity, impartiality, neutrality, and
           independence;
               23. Welcomes the Abyei UN Joint Programme Initiative supported by the
           Sudan and South Sudan UN Country Teams;

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                    24. Encourages the Government of Sudan and the Government of South Sudan
               to continue to facilitate the deployment of the United Nations Mine Action Service
               (UNMAS) to ensure freedom of movement, as well as the identification and clearance
               of mines in the Abyei Area and SDBZ;
                     25. Strongly urges that all parties cease all forms of violence, human rights
               violations and abuses, violations of international humanitarian law, and violations of
               other international law, as applicable, committed against civilians, including women
               and children, and bring perpetrators of such abuses or violations to justice;
                     26. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that effective monitoring of
               human rights violations and abuses, including those involving sexual and g enderbased violence and other violations and abuses committed against women and
               children is carried out, and reiterates its call upon the Government of Sudan and the
               Government of South Sudan to extend their full cooperation to the Secretary -General
               to this end, including by swiftly issuing visas to the concerned United Nations
               personnel;
                    27. Requests the Secretary-General to seek to increase the number of women
               in UNISFA in line with resolutions 2242 (2015) and 2538 (2020), and ensure the full,
               equal, and meaningful participation of women at all levels and in all positions, to
               implement a gender mainstreaming plan in line with resolution 1325, and calls upon
               UNISFA to sustain adequate expertise on women and child protection;
                     28. Welcomes the initiatives undertaken by the Secretary-General to
               standardise a culture of performance in UN peacekeeping, recalls its requests in
               resolution 2378 (2017) and resolution 2436 (2018) that the Secretary-General ensure
               that performance data related to the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations is used
               to improve mission operations, including decisions such as those regarding
               deployment, remediation, repatriation and incentives, and reaffirms its support for the
               development of a comprehensive and integrated performance policy framework that
               identifies clear standards of performance for evaluating all United Nations civilian
               and uniformed personnel working in and supporting peacekeeping operations that
               facilitates effective and full implementation of mandates, and includes comprehensive
               and objective methodologies based on clear and well-defined benchmarks to ensure
               accountability for underperformance and incentives and recognition for outstanding
               performance, and calls on the United Nations to apply this framework to UNISFA as
               described in resolution 2436 (2018);
                     29. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take necessary measures to
               ensure full compliance of all personnel in UNISFA with the United Nations zero -
               tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to keep the Council fully
               informed about the Mission’s progress in this regard, stresses the need to prevent such
               exploitation and abuse and to improve how these allegations are addressed in line
               with its resolution 2272 (2016), and urges troop- and police-contributing countries to
               take appropriate preventative action including vetting of all personnel,
               pre-deployment and in-mission awareness training, and to take appropriate steps to
               ensure full accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel,
               including through timely investigations of allegations by troop - and policecontributing countries, and UNISFA as appropriate, holding perpetrators to account,
               and repatriating units when there is credible evidence of widespread or systemic
               sexual exploitation and abuse by those units;
                    30. Notes the Secretary-General’s efforts to ensure close cooperation among
               United Nations missions in the region, including UNISFA, the United Nations
               Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS), and the African Union-United
               Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID), the United Nations Integrated

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           Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan (UNITAMS), as well as his Special Envoy
           for the Horn of Africa;

           Reporting and Consultation
                31. Requests the Secretary-General to hold a joint consultation with the
           governments of Sudan, South Sudan, and Ethiopia, and relevant stakeholders, to
           discuss the exit strategy for UNISFA and develop options for its responsible
           drawdown and exit, and to report no later than 31 March 2021 elaborating on those
           options, which should prioritize the safety and security of civilians living in Abyei,
           account for the stability of the region, and include an option for a responsible
           drawdown and exit of UNISFA that is not limited by implementation of the 2011
           agreements;
                32. Expresses its intention to request an independent review of UNISFA in the
           context of recent political developments between and within Sudan and South Sudan
           and based on the outcomes of the joint consultation in p aragraph 31;
                33. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to inform it of progress in
           implementing UNISFA’s mandate, in one written report, no later than 15 April 2021
           and include reporting on:
               • engagement by the African Union and AUHIP on political m ediation of the
                 Abyei dispute and Sudan and South Sudan border issues, and recommendations
                 on the most appropriate framework, structure or organizational mandate for the
                 region to provide support to the parties that will enable further progress in these
                 areas,
               • the efforts deployed by the Special Envoy for the Horn of Africa to support the
                 African Union and help the parties to establish temporary administrative and
                 security arrangements for Abyei and to achieve a political solution to the status
                 of Abyei,
               • progress in implementing any steps taken per paragraph 3,
               • progress with the increase in police, appointment of a civilian Deputy Head of
                 Mission, usage of Athony airport, and the issuance of visas to support
                 implementation of the mandate,
               • results of human rights monitoring as requested in paragraph 26 including
                 information, analysis, and data on violations and abuses of human rights, and
                 steps that have been taken in line with paragraph 27,
               • a summary of actions taken to improve mission perform ance and address
                 performance challenges including lapses in leadership, national caveats that
                 negatively affect mandate implementation effectiveness, and demanding
                 operational environments;
                34.   Decides to remain actively seized of this matter.

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Security Council resolution 2550 (2020) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) until 15 May 2021]

S/75 [217] UN INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI
S/75 [160] SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/75 [223] SOUTH SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan.

UN Interim Security Force for Abyei|UN Interim Security Force for Abyei. Deputy Head of Mission|Joint Border Verification Monitoring Mechanism (Sudan and South Sudan)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|DEMILITARIZED ZONES|PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|ABYEI (SUDAN)|SUDAN|SOUTH SUDAN