               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2655 (2022)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                27 October 2022

               Resolution 2655 (2022)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9169th meeting, on
               27 October 2022

                    The Security Council,
                   Reaffirming its full commitment to the peace process in the Republic of
               Colombia,
                    Recalling all its resolutions and Presidential and press statements regarding the
               peace process in Colombia,
                     Welcoming the progress made towards peace across Colombia since the adoption
               of the Final Agreement for Ending the Conflict and Building a Stable and Lasting
               Peace (the Final Agreement), urging the parties, with the support of relevant state
               institutions and security forces, as well as civil society, to work together to contin ue
               building upon this progress and address ongoing challenges, in particular the
               continued violence in conflict-affected areas, through comprehensive implementation
               of the Final Agreement, including rural reform, inclusive political participation, its
               ethnic and gender provisions, and countering illicit drugs including through crop
               substitution programmes, and recalling the disproportionate impact of the conflict on
               women and its effects on persons belonging to indigenous and Afro-Colombian
               communities,
                    Taking note of the engagement of the Peacebuilding Commission with the
               Government of Colombia and looking forward to further cooperation, including with
               relevant UN agencies, in order to ensure an integrated and coherent approach to the
               comprehensive implementation of the Final Agreement,
                     Recalling in particular its resolution 2366 (2017) which established the United
               Nations Verification Mission in Colombia (the Verification Mission) to verify
               implementation by the Government of Colombia and Revolutionary Armed Forces of
               Colombia (FARC-EP) of sections 3.2 and 3.4 of the Final Agreement as called for in
               section 6.3.3 of the Final Agreement, and recalling the positive role played by the
               Verification Mission in that regard,
                     Recalling also its resolution 2574 (2021) which expanded the mandate of the
               Verification Mission to include the additional task of verifying compliance with and
               implementation of the sentences to be issued by the Special Jurisdiction for Peace
               (SJP), and welcoming the ongoing preparations being made by the Verification
               Mission, working with the SJP, in this regard,

22-24238 (E)
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S/RES/2655 (2022)

                     Noting that, under the terms of the Final Agreement, the sentences of the SJP
               will have the overall aim of realising the rights of victims and consolidating peace,
               and will need to have the greatest restorative and reparative function in relation to the
               harm caused,
                     Recognising the contribution the Verification Mission could make to building
               confidence in the Comprehensive System for Truth, Justice, Reparation and
               Non-Repetition established under the Final Agreement, which is integral to the success
               of the peace process and the fulfilment of the rights of the victims of the conflict,
                     Acknowledging the letter of 17 October from the Foreign Minister of Colombia
               (S/2022/787) requesting an extension of the mandate of the Verification Mission and
               for the Council to consider tasking the Mission to verify the implementation of section
               1 on comprehensive rural reform and section 6.2 on the Ethnic Chapter of the Final
               Agreement as a shared request of the Government of Colombia and the party of the
               former FARC-EP,
                    1.    Decides to extend the mandate of the Verification Mission until 31 October
               2023;
                    2.    Requests the Secretary-General to provide detailed recommendations to
               the Council on how the additional tasks on the verification of section 1 and section
               6.2 of the Final Agreement, as requested in the 17 October letter from the Foreign
               Minister of Colombia, would be carried out and to confirm any implications for the
               configuration of the Mission within 45 days of the adoption of this resolution and
               expresses its intent to consider swiftly these recommendations;
                    3.    Expresses its willingness to work with the Government of Colombia on
               the further extension of the mandate of the Verification Mission on the basis of
               agreement between the parties.

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Security Council resolution 2655 (2022) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Verification Mission in Colombia until 31 Oct. 2023]

S/77 [302] COLOMBIA--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Identical letters dated 19 January 2016 from the Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council (S/2016/53).

UN Verification Mission in Colombia|Final Agreement for Ending the Conflict and Building a Stable and Lasting Peace in Colombia (2016)|SPECIAL MISSIONS|PEACE AGREEMENTS|VERIFICATION|COLOMBIA


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2654 (2022)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               27 October 2022

               Resolution 2654 (2022)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9168th meeting, on
               27 October 2022

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling and reaffirming all its previous resolutions on Western Sahara,
                    Reaffirming its strong support for the efforts of the Secretary-General and his
               Personal Envoy to implement resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008),
               1871 (2009), 1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), 2044 (2012), 2099 (2013), 2152 (2014), 2218
               (2015), 2285 (2016), 2351 (2017), 2414 (2018), 2440 (2018), 2468 (2019), 2494
               (2019), 2548 (2020), and 2602 (2021),
                     Expressing its full support for Staffan de Mistura, the Personal Envoy of the
               Secretary-General for Western Sahara and his efforts to advance the political process,
               building on the progress of the former Personal Envoy and in line with relevant
               precedents; and welcoming the visits undertaken by the Personal Envoy in this regard
               to the region,
                     Welcoming the momentum created by the first round-table meeting on 5−6 December
               2018 and the second round-table meeting on 21–22 March 2019, and the engagement by
               Morocco, the Frente POLISARIO, Algeria, and Mauritania in the UN political process
               on Western Sahara in a serious and respectful manner in order to identify elements of
               convergence; and recalling the important contributions of the former Personal Envoy of
               the Secretary-General for Western Sahara in holding the round-table process,
                     Encouraging the continuation of consultations between the Personal Envoy and
               Morocco, the Frente POLISARIO, Algeria and Mauritania in this regard to build on
               the progress achieved,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to assist the parties to achieve a just, lasting, and
               mutually acceptable political solution, based on compromise, which will provide for
               the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements
               consistent with the principles and purposes of the Ch arter of the United Nations, and
               noting the role and responsibilities of the parties in this respect,
                     Reiterating its call upon Morocco, the Frente POLISARIO, Algeria and
               Mauritania to cooperate more fully with each other, including through building
               additional trust, and with the United Nations, as well as to strengthen their
               involvement in the political process and to achieve progress towards a political
               solution,

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                     Recognizing that achieving a political solution to this long-standing dispute and
               enhanced cooperation between the Member States of the Maghreb Arab Union would
               contribute to stability and security, in turn leading to jobs, growth and opportunities
               for all the peoples in the Sahel region,
                    Welcoming the efforts of the Secretary-General to keep all peacekeeping
               operations, including the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western
               Sahara (MINURSO), under close review and reiterating the need for the Council to
               pursue a rigorous, strategic approach to peacekeeping deployments, and effective
               management of resources,
                     Recalling resolution 2378 (2017) and its request of the Secretary-General to
               ensure that data related to the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations, including
               peacekeeping performance data, is used to improve analytics and the evaluation of
               mission operations, based on clear and well identified benchmarks, and further
               recalling resolution 2436 (2018) and its request of the Secretary-General to ensure that
               decisions to recognize and incentivize outstanding performance and decisions regarding
               deployment, remediation, training, withholding of financial reimbursement, and
               repatriation of uniformed or dismissal of civilian personnel, are predicated on
               objective performance data,
                    Recalling resolution 2242 (2015) and 2538 (2020) and its aspiration to increase
               the number of women in military and police contingents of United Nations
               peacekeeping operations,
                     Recognizing the important role played by MINURSO on the ground and the need
               for it to conduct the safe and regular resupply of its team sites, to conduct patrols
               throughout its area of responsibility, and to fully implement its mandate, including its
               role in supporting the Personal Envoy to achieve a mutually acceptable political
               solution,
                    Noting with deep concern the breakdown of the ceasefire,
                     Expressing concern about the violations of agreements made with the United
               Nations and reiterating the importance of full and renewed adherence to these
               commitments, and taking note of the commitments provided by the Frente POLISARIO
               to the former Personal Envoy,
                    Taking note of the Moroccan proposal presented on 11 April 2007 to the
               Secretary-General and welcoming serious and credible Moroccan efforts to move the
               process forward towards resolution; also taking note of the Frente POLISARIO
               proposal presented 10 April 2007 to the Secretary -General,
                     Encouraging in this context, the parties to demonstrate further political will
               towards a solution including by expanding upon their discussion of each other’s
               proposals and recommitting to UN efforts in a spirit of realism and compromise,
               further encouraging the neighbouring countries to make contributions to th e political
               process; and stressing the importance of all concerned expanding on their positions
               in order to advance a solution,
                     Encouraging the parties to cooperate further with the United Nations Office of
               the High Commissioner for Refugees in identifying and implementing confidencebuilding measures that can serve to foster the trust necessary for a successful political
               process,
                     Stressing the importance of improving the human rights situation in Western
               Sahara and the Tindouf camps, and encouraging the parties to work with the
               international community to develop and implement independent and credible
               measures to ensure full respect for human rights, bearing in mind their relevant
               obligations under international law,

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                Encouraging the parties to sustain and prioritize their respective efforts to
           enhance the promotion and protection of human rights in Western Sahara and the
           Tindouf refugee camps, including the freedoms of expression and association,
                Welcoming in this regard, steps and initiatives taken by Morocco, and the role
           played by the National Council on Human Rights Commissions operating in Dakhla
           and Laayoune, and Morocco’s interaction with Special Procedures of the United
           Nations Human Rights Council,
                 Urging enhancing cooperation with the Office of the United Nations High
           Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), including through facilitating visits to
           the region,
                 Noting with deep concern the continued hardships faced by Sahrawi refugees,
           their dependency on external humanitarian assistance, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and further noting with deep concern insufficient funding for those
           living in Tindouf refugee camps and the risks associated with the reduction of food
           assistance; and strongly encouraging donors to provide additional funds in light of
           the deteriorating humanitarian situation and for aid agencies to facilitate the delivery
           of humanitarian assistance in accordance with United Nations best practices,
               Strongly reiterating its request for a refugee registration in the Tindouf refugee
           camps and emphasizing the importance of efforts being made in this regard,
                 Recalling United Nations Security Council resolutions 1325 and 2250 and
           related resolutions; stressing the importance of a commitment by the parties to
           continue the process of negotiations through the United Nations-sponsored talks and
           encouraging the full, equal and meaningful participation of women and active and
           meaningful participation of youth in these talks,
                Recognizing that the status quo is not acceptable, and noting further that
           progress in negotiations is essential in order to improve the quality of life of the
           people of Western Sahara in all its aspects,
                Affirming its full support for Special Representative of the Secretary-General
           for Western Sahara and Head of MINURSO Alexander Ivanko,
                Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 3 October 2022
           (S/2022/733),
                1.    Decides to extend the mandate of MINURSO until 31 October 2023;
                 2.   Emphasizes the need to achieve a realistic, practicable, enduring and
           mutually acceptable political solution to the question of Western Sahara based on
           compromise and the importance of aligning the strategic focus of MINURSO and
           orienting resources of the United Nations to this end;
                3.     Expresses its full support for the Secretary-General and his Personal
           Envoy to facilitate the negotiations process in order to achieve a solution to the
           Western Sahara question, building on the progress and framework of the former
           Personal Envoy, and strongly encourages Morocco, the Frente POLISARIO, Algeria,
           and Mauritania to engage with the Personal Envoy throughout the duration of this
           process, in a spirit of realism and compromise, to ensure a successful outcome;
                 4.   Calls upon the parties to resume negotiations under the auspices of the
           Secretary-General without preconditions and in good faith, taking into account the
           efforts made since 2006 and subsequent developments with a view to achieving a just,
           lasting, and mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the self -
           determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements
           consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and
           noting the role and responsibilities of the parties in this respect;

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                     5.    Invites Member States to lend appropriate assistance and support to these
               talks and to the Personal Envoy’s efforts;
                     6.    Reaffirms the need for full respect of the military agreements reached with
               MINURSO with regard to the ceasefire and calls on the parties to comply fully with
               those agreements, implement their commitments to the former Personal Envoy, and
               refrain from any actions that could undermine UN-facilitated negotiations or further
               destabilize the situation in the Western Sahara;
                    7.    Reiterates its call upon all parties to cooperate fully with MINURSO,
               including its free interaction with all interlocutors, and to take the nece ssary steps to
               ensure the security of as well as unhindered movement and immediate access for the
               United Nations and associated personnel in carrying out their mandate, in conformity
               with agreements made with the United Nations;
                    8.     Calls for the resumption of the safe and regular resupply of MINURSO
               team sites to ensure the sustainability of the Mission’s presence;
                     9.   Emphasizes the importance of a renewed commitment by the parties to
               advancing the political process in preparation for further negotiations , recalls its
               endorsement of the recommendation in the report of 14 April 2008 ( S/2008/251) that
               realism and a spirit of compromise by the parties are essential to achieve progress in
               negotiations, encourages the neighbouring countries to make important, active
               contributions to this process; and stresses the importance of all concerned expanding
               on their positions in order to advance a solution;
                    10. Calls upon the parties to demonstrate political will and work in an
               atmosphere propitious for dialogue in order to advance negotiations, thus ensuring
               implementation of resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008), 1871 (2009),
               1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), 2044 (2012), 2099 (2013), 2152 (2014), 2218 (2015), 2285
               (2016), 2351 (2017), 2414 (2018), 2440 (2018), 2468 (2019), 2494 (2019), 2548
               (2020), and 2602 (2021) and the success of negotiations;
                     11. Requests the Secretary-General to brief the Security Council on a regular
               basis, and at any time he deems appropriate during the mandate period, to include
               within six months of this mandate’s renewal and again prior to its expiration, on the
               status and progress of these negotiations under his auspices, on the implementation
               of this resolution, assessment of MINURSO’s operations and steps taken to address
               challenges, expresses its intention to meet to receive and discuss his briefings and in
               this regard, further requests the Secretary-General to provide a report on the situation
               in Western Sahara well before the end of the mandate period;
                    12. Welcomes the initiatives undertaken by the Secretary-General to
               standardize a culture of performance in UN peacekeeping, and reaffirms its support
               for the development of a comprehensive and integrated performance policy
               framework that identifies clear standards of performance for evaluating all United
               Nations civilian and uniformed personnel working in and supporting peacekeeping
               operations that facilitates effective and full implementation of mandates, and includes
               comprehensive and objective methodologies based on clear and well-defined
               benchmarks to ensure accountability for underperformance and incentives and
               recognition for outstanding performance, and calls on him to apply this framework to
               MINURSO as described in resolution 2436 (2018), requests the Secretary-General to
               seek to increase the number of women in MINURSO, as well as to ensure the full,
               equal, and meaningful participation of women in all aspects of operations;
                    13. Urges the parties and neighbouring states to engage productively with
               MINURSO as it further considers how new technologies can be used to reduce risk,
               improve force protection, and better implement its mandate;

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                 14. Encourages the parties to cooperate with the Office of the United Nations
           High Commissioner for Refugees to identify and implement confidence -building
           measures, including to engage women and youth, and encourages neighbouring states
           to support these efforts;
                 15. Strongly urges Member States to provide new and additional voluntary
           contributions to fund food programmes to ensure that the humanitarian needs of
           refugees are adequately addressed and avoid reductions in food rations; and urges aid
           agencies to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid in accordance with United
           Nations best practices;
                 16. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take necessary measures to
           ensure full compliance of all personnel in MINURSO with the United Nations zero -
           tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to keep the Council fully
           informed through his reports to the Council about the Mission’s progress in this
           regard, and urges troop-contributing and police-contributing countries to continue
           taking appropriate preventative action including vetting of all personnel, predeployment
           and in-mission awareness training, and to ensure full accountability in cases of such
           conduct involving their personnel through timely investigation of allegations by troop -
           contributing and police-contributing countries and MINURSO, as appropriate;
                17.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2654 (2022) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 31 Oct. 2023]

S/77 [44] WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION
S/77 [45] UN MISSION FOR THE REFERENDUM IN WESTERN SAHARA
S/ X The situation concerning Western Sahara.

UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|UN. Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|WESTERN SAHARA|NEGOTIATION|PEACE AGREEMENTS|WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2656 (2022)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                28 October 2022

               Resolution 2656 (2022)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9173rd meeting, on
               28 October 2022

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolution 1970 (2011) and all its subsequent resolutions on Libya,
               including resolutions 2259 (2015), 2510 (2020), 2542 (2020), 2570 (2021), 2629
               (2022), and 2647 (2022),
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to an inclusive Libyan-led and Libyanowned political process, facilitated by the United Nations and supported by the
               international community, including holding free, fair, transparent and inclusive
               national presidential and parliamentary elections across Libya as soon as possible,
               noting that all Libyan stakeholders previously gave strong guarantees to support and
               respect the independence and integrity of the electoral process, as well as the elections
               results, and expressing support for resuming facilitation of intra-Libyan consultations
               to create the conditions and circumstances, including a secure environment, for
               elections on a constitutional and legal basis, in order to end the transition period,
                    Expressing concern about the security situation in Libya, particularly the
               recurring violent clashes between armed groups in Tripoli region, resulting in civilian
               casualties and destruction of civilian infrastructure, and calling on all parties to
               preserve the prevailing calm on the ground,
                     Expressing its strong condemnation of the indiscriminate use of weapons, in
               populated areas and their consequences for the civilian population and calling upon
               all parties to refrain from such practices in accordance with their obligations under
               international law, particularly regarding the protection of civilians in armed conflict,
                    Recognising the important role of neighbouring countries and regional
               organisations in support of the United Nations, recalling resolution 2616 (2021),
               expressing concern over the impact of the conflict on neighbouring countries
               including with regards to threats arising from the illicit transfer, destabilising
               accumulation and misuse of weapons and the flow of armed groups and mercenaries
               and, encouraging further international support and regional cooperation between
               Libya, neighbouring countries and relevant United Nations bodies, including the
               Peacebuilding Commission, in support of peacebuilding and sustaining peace in the
               country and the region,
                    Expressing concern at the threat posed by the diversion and proliferation of arms
               and ammunition in Libya, which undermines stability, and calling on key Libyan

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               institutions, with support from the United Nations, to take steps to secure and
               effectively manage stockpiles, clear explosive ordnance and explosive remnants of
               war from hazardous areas, and protect civilians from the risks of unplanned
               explosions at munition sites,
                     Underlining the need to plan for the disarmament, demobilisation and
               reintegration of armed groups and all relevant non-state armed actors, as part of an
               integrated, comprehensive and coherent approach to peacebuilding, including the
               return of their members to their countries of origin, further underlining that this
               should include regional coordination and take into account peacebuilding needs and
               priorities, recognising the need to plan for security sector reform and the
               establishment of an inclusive, unified, accountable, civilian -led security architecture
               for Libya as a whole, and calling on the Libyan authorities to engage and achieve
               progress on this issue,
                     Urging Libyan institutions and authorities to ensure the full, equal, effective and
               meaningful participation of women at all levels, including in leadership positions, and
               in all activities and decision-making relating to inclusive political processes,
               democratic transition, conflict resolution and peacebuilding, recognising the need to
               protect women, women’s rights organisations, and women peacebuilders from threats
               and reprisals, strongly encourages all parties to create a safe and enabling
               environment for members of civil society, including those who promote and protect
               human rights, to carry out their work independently and without undue interference,
               including in situations of armed conflict, and to address threats, harassment and
               violence, to counter hate speech against them, and to protect and promote human
               rights in accordance with obligations under international law, and supporting the
               efforts of UNSMIL to facilitate wider engagement and participation of women from
               across the spectrum of Libyan society in the political process and public institutions,
               recognising that the political process should be inclusive of all Libyans, including
               youth and civil society,
                     Recalling that Libya’s oil resources are for the benefit of all Libyans and need
               to remain under the exclusive control of the National Oil Corporation, calling on all
               parties to allow the National Oil Corporation to undertake its work without disruption
               interference, or politicisation, and recalling the importance of Libyan oversight over
               Libya’s economic and financial institutions, which includes the responsibility to
               ensure the transparent, equitable and accountable management of revenue across the
               whole country,
                    Reaffirming the importance of establishing a Libyan-led mechanism bringing
               together stakeholders from across the country to set spending priorities and ensure oil
               and gas revenues are managed in a transparent, equitable and accountable manner
               with effective Libyan oversight, and reiterating UNSMIL’s role in helping to
               consolidate the economic arrangements of Libyan institutions,
                     Reaffirming its intention to ensure that assets frozen pursuant to paragraph 17
               of resolution 1970 (2011) shall at a later stage be made available to and for the benefit
               of the Libyan people,
                     Expressing concern at the humanitarian situation in Libya, including inadequate
               living standards and insufficient provision of basic services and th e situation of
               internally displaced persons (IDPs), including the inability of IDPs to return to their
               homes due to the presence of explosive hazards and threats of retaliation, further
               expressing grave concern about the smuggling of migrants and refugees and human
               trafficking through Libya, and at the situation faced by migrants, and refugees,
               including arbitrary detention, ill treatment, and their exposure to sexual and gender -
               based violence, underlining the importance of tackling the root causes of the
               smuggling of migrants and human trafficking, welcoming the work of UNSMIL in

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           coordinating and supporting the provision of humanitarian assistance for refugees and
           migrants, calling on the Libyan authorities to take steps towards the closing of
           migrant detention centres and to alleviate urgently the suffering of all people in Libya
           by speeding up the delivery of public services to all parts of the country and urging
           all parties to allow and facilitate full, safe and unhindered humanitarian access,
                 Recalling resolution 2510 (2020), which demanded that all parties to the conflict
           comply with their obligations under international law including international
           humanitarian law, and emphasising that those responsible for violations of
           international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights must be
           held accountable,
                 Urging all parties to implement the relevant resolutions on Women, Peace and
           Security Agenda and to prevent and respond to conflict -related sexual violence, and
           calling on the Libyan authorities to end impunity for sexual and gender-based
           violence crimes in line with relevant Security Council resolutions, including
           resolution 1325 (2000),
                 Recalling the importance of the protection of children, as set out in relevant
           Security Council resolutions, and taking appropriate measures in this regard,
           expressing concern about reported violations and abuses against children in Libya
           despite the 23 October 2020 ceasefire agreement, in particular those involving the
           killing and maiming of children, the abductions of children, sexual violence
           committed against children, and the recruitment or use of children, and urging all
           parties to immediately end and prevent such practices,
                 Welcoming the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation
           Framework 2023–2025, which demonstrates the commitment of Libyan stakeholders
           and the United Nations to work together through a humanitarian, development, and
           peacebuilding nexus approach to address the structural causes of fragility and
           remaining humanitarian needs to drive transformative change and transition to
           sustainable peace and development across the country, in support of the 2030 Agenda
           and the Sustainable Development Goals,
                Recalling its determination in its resolution 2213 (2015) that the situation in
           Libya continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security,
                 1.   Decides to extend until 31 October 2023 the mandate of the United Nations
           Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), as an integrated special political mission t o
           carry out its mandate, as set out in resolution 2542 (2020) and paragraph 16 of
           resolution 2570 (2021);
                 2.   Welcomes the appointment of Abdoulaye Bathily as Special Representative
           of the Secretary-General (SRSG) for Libya and Head of UNSMIL, and urges all
           Libyan parties and key stakeholders to engage constructively and fully with the SRSG
           in fulfilment of his mandate;
                 3.    Reiterates its request for UNSMIL to implement the recommendations of
           the Independent Strategic Review (S/2021/716), including by strengthening the use
           of strategic communications to support the mission’s activities further reiterates its
           request that, in the implementation of the recommendations of the Strategic Review,
           UNSMIL explores all avenues to increase efficiency and redeploy existing resources,
           including through prioritisation and the reconfiguration of tasks and resources, as
           needed and where appropriate, and requests the Secretary-General to update the
           Council on the implementation of the recommendations of the Strategic Review in
           the reporting requested in paragraph 11 of this resolution;
                4.   Recalls the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (LPDF) Roadmap, regrets
           that a number of its deliverables have yet to be achieved, underlines that the

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               objectives and governing principles as set out in the LPDF Roadmap, in particular
               articles 1, 2 and 6, are still relevant to the political process, including the principles
               of financial responsibility, anti-corruption and transparency, rejects actions that could
               lead to violence or greater divisions in Libya, recognises the desire of the Libyan
               people to have their say in who governs them through elections, and urges the Libyan
               political institutions and key stakeholders to agree a roadmap to deliver these
               elections as soon as possible across the country, on a constitutional and legal basis,
               through dialogue, compromise and constructive engagement, in a transparent and
               inclusive manner, aiming at, inter alia, forming a unified Libyan government able to
               govern across the country and representing the whole people of Libya;
                     5.   Welcomes the support provided by the United Nations to the Libyan High
               National Elections Commission (HNEC), and encourages the continuation of this
               support to enable the HNEC to deliver free, fair, transparent and inclusive national
               presidential and parliamentary elections across Libya;
                     6.   Underlines the importance of an inclusive, comprehensive national
               dialogue and reconciliation process based on the principles of transitional justice,
               welcomes the efforts of the Presidential Council to launch the national reconciliation
               process, and the support of the African Union in that regard, including to facilitate a
               meeting on national reconciliation in Libya in the coming months, recognises the
               important role of other regional organisations, including the League of Arab States
               and the European Union, and calls upon the relevant Libyan institutions and
               authorities to implement confidence-building measures to create an environment
               conducive for successful national presidential and parliamentary elections, including
               by ensuring the full, equal, effective and meaningful participation o f women, and
               inclusion of youth and civil society representatives, in all activities and decision -
               making relating to democratic transition and reconciliation efforts;
                     7.    Emphasises that there can be no military solution in Libya, and calls upon
               all parties to refrain from violence or any other actions that could escalate tensions,
               exacerbate conflicts and undermine the political process or the 23 October 2020
               ceasefire in Libya, which should be implemented in full;
                     8.    Recalls that the measures set out in resolution 1970 (2011), as modified
               by subsequent resolutions, shall apply to individuals and entities determined by the
               United Nations Sanctions Committee to be engaging in or providing support for acts
               that threaten the peace, stability or security of Libya or obstruct or undermine the
               successful completion of its political transition, including by obstructing or
               undermining the elections, and demands full compliance by all Member States with
               the arms embargo imposed under resolution 1970 (2011), as modified by subsequent
               resolutions;
                      9.    Urges all member states to respect fully the sovereignty, independence,
               territorial integrity and national unity of Libya;
                     10. Calls on all parties to implement the 23 October 2020 ceasefire agreement
               in full, including the Action Plan agreed by the 5+5 Joint Military Commission in
               Geneva on 8 October 2021, which is to be implemented in a synchronised, phased,
               gradual and balanced manner, and urges Member States to respect and support its full
               implementation, including through the withdrawal of all foreign forces, foreign
               fighters, and mercenaries from Libya without further delay;
                    11. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on the
               implementation of this resolution every 60 days;
                    12.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

4/4                                                                                22-24327

Security Council resolution 2656 (2022) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 31 Oct. 2023]

S/77 [220] UN SUPPORT MISSION IN LIBYA
S/77 [219] LIBYA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Libya.

UN Support Mission in Libya|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya|SPECIAL MISSIONS|GOOD OFFICES|CEASEFIRES|ELECTIONS|LIBYA


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2657 (2022)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                31 October 2022

               Resolution 2657 (2022)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9177th meeting, on
               31 October 2022

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling all its previous resolutions and statements of its President on the
               situation in Somalia,
                    Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political
               independence and unity of Somalia,
                     Encouraging Somalia to seize the opportunity it now has to make renewed
               progress in implementing its national priorities, emphasising the importance of the
               Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) and Federal Member States (FMS) working
               together to achieve this, reiterating the importance of inclusive dialogu e and local
               reconciliation processes for stability in Somalia, and underscoring that the full, equal
               and meaningful participation of women will help to progress national priorities, and
               support reconciliation, security and transition from international sec urity support, in
               line with the Somalia Transition Plan (STP) and National Security Architecture,
                     Encouraging resumption of dialogue between the FGS and “Somaliland” to
               build confidence and strengthen political coordination,
                    Commending the support provided by the African Union through the African
               Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) now the African Union Transition Mission in
               Somalia (ATMIS); by the United Nations through the United Nations Assistance
               Mission in Somalia (UNSOM), the United Nations Support O ffice in Somalia
               (UNSOS) and through its agencies, funds and programmes; by the Panel of Experts
               on Somalia both to Somalia and the 751 Committee, and by Somalia’s bilateral
               partners,
                    Emphasising its fundamental objective is to maintain peace and stability in
               Somalia by supporting state-building and peace-building, and through the
               advancement of Somalia’s national priorities,
                     Encouraging the FGS to continue engaging with the United Nations
               Peacebuilding Commission to enhance international support for Soma lia’s peacebuilding objectives,
                     Expressing grave concern that the terrorist group Al-Shabaab continues to pose
               a serious threat to the peace, security and stability of Somalia and the region, and

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  S/RES/2657 (2022)

                 further expressing concern at the continued presence in So malia of affiliates linked
                 to ISIL/Da’esh,
                       Condemning in the strongest possible terms terrorist attacks in Somalia and
                 neighbouring states, expressing deep concern at the loss of civilian life from these
                 attacks, and reiterating its determination to support comprehensive efforts to reduce
                 the threat posed by Al-Shabaab,
                       Underscoring the importance of a holistic approach to counter terrorism and
                 violent extremism conducive to terrorism, conducted in accordance with applicable
                 international law, as well as efforts to address the governance, security, human rights,
                 humanitarian, development, and socioeconomic dimensions of the problem, including
                 youth employment and the eradication of poverty, and emphasising the importance of
                 regional and international cooperation to counter terrorism, disrupt terrorist finances
                 and illicit financial flows, and stop arms trafficking,
                      Commending the role played by the FGS, member states, and regional
                 organisations to suppress piracy and armed robbery off the coast of Somalia, and
                 taking note of UNSOM’s facilitation of a Somalia-led, coordinated approach in
                 developing Somalia’s maritime governance sector, including through the formation
                 of the Somali Navy and Coast Guard Working Group, and support of Somalia’s
                 maritime institutions,
                       Expressing serious concern about the humanitarian situation in Somalia,
                 encouraging States to scale-up their humanitarian support to Somalia, and calling for
                 all parties to the conflict to allow and facilitate, in accordance with relevant
                 provisions of international law, including applicable international humanitarian law,
                 and in a manner consistent with the United Nations guiding principles of humanitarian
                 emergency assistance (United Nations General Assembly resolution 46/182),
                 including humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence, the rapid and
                 unhindered provision of humanitarian assistance necessary to support persons in need
                 across Somalia,
                       Strongly condemning the deliberate targeting of civilians, including those who
                 are humanitarian personnel, and civilian objects on situations of conflict, as well as
                 the indiscriminate use of weapons in populated areas and their consequences for the
                 civilian population, calling upon all parties to the conflict in Soma lia to refrain from
                 such practices in accordance with their obligations under international law, including
                 international humanitarian law,
                      Highlighting the importance of FGS and FMS coordination with OCHA to
                 ensure a needs-based distribution of humanitarian aid, including in-kind food aid, and
                 appropriate targeting of marginalised groups, which may face specific barriers in
                 accessing assistance and protection, in support of the UN Famine Prevention Plan,
                 and collaboration with the UN to develop an inter-ministerial strategy for enabling
                 proper adaptation, reducing the risks and mitigating the impacts of climate change in
                 Somalia,
                      Recognising the adverse effects of climate change, environmental degradation,
                 other ecological changes, natural disasters, among other factors on the stability of
                 Somalia, including through floods, drought, desertification, land degradation and
                 food insecurity and recalling its Presidential Statement S/PRST/2011/15, the United
                 Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement,
                       Noting the importance of effective, strategic communications to the
                 implementation of UNSOM’s mandate, particularly concerning peace-building, statebuilding, reconciliation, conflict prevention, countering violent extremism conducive
                 to terrorism, civic education, women’s inclusion in political processes, human rights

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                                                                                S/RES/2657 (2022)

           protection, and the youth, peace and security agenda and emphasising the need to
           continue to enhance UNSOM’s capability in this regard,
                  1.  Recalls its authorisation of ATMIS in resolution 2628 (2022), and
           commends the renewed cooperation between all stakeholders to implement its
           mandate in support of the Somalia Transition Plan (STP) and National Security
           Architecture, and empower Somalia to assume progressively greater responsibility
           for its own security;
                 2.    Welcomes the strategic review of UNSOM and endorses the proposed
           benchmarks set out in the annex to its report (S/2022/716), and the recommendations
           set out in section V of the report;
                3.    Welcomes the cooperation between UNSOM, UNSOS, the United Nations
           Country Team and ATMIS, underlines the importance of collaborative working
           between the United Nations, African Union, Intergovernmental Authority on
           Development (IGAD), other multilateral and bilateral partners and Somalia and
           encourages all entities to continue to strengthen the relationship further at all levels,
           including through the Senior Leadership Coordination Forum;
               4.    Decides to extend until 31 October 2023 UNSOM’s mandate and tasks in
           Somalia as set out in resolution 2158 (2014) and resolution 2592 (2021);
                5.    Notes the United Nations Department of Operational Support’s
           Environment Strategy (Phase II), which emphasises good stewardship of resources
           and a positive legacy of the mission, and identifies the goal of expanded renewable
           energy use in missions to enhance safety and security, save costs, offer efficiencies
           and benefit the mission;
                 6.      Requests UNSOM to maintain and strengthen its presence across Somalia,
           and to continue to strengthen its cooperation with Somalia and ATMIS, subject to
           United Nations security measures and as the security situation allows and recognises
           that the current political and security context in Somalia will affect UNSOM’s ability
           to fulfil its mandate;
              7.   Recognises the renewed operations against Al-Shabaab, and encourages
           UNSOM to support Somalia to:
                a.    ensure that plans are in place to protect civilians and communities in areas
           which are the focus of military operations, prior to, during and after engagements,
                 b.    accelerate implementation of the National Stabilisation Strategy and State -
           level Stabilisation Plans,
                c.   support Somali civilian leadership, ownership and oversight in the
           planning and coordination of stabilisation efforts,
                 d.   promote expansion of a governance and service delivery to areas and
           districts where fragility persists, including in support of the STP and relevant joint -
           planning processes,
                e.  ensure timely, balanced support to areas newly, or recently recovered from
           Al-Shabaab;
                8.    Encourages the FGS to deepen cooperation and collaboration at all levels, to:
                 a.    implement the National Security Architecture, deliver the STP, advance
           political, national and local reconciliation, make progress towards finalising the
           constitution, and in the fight against Al-Shabaab to secure peace and security across
           Somalia,

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  S/RES/2657 (2022)

                       b.    create a conducive political and security environment for more inclusive
                 democratic processes across Somalia and at all levels to foster political pluralism and
                 take steps to include legally constituted political parties, including opposition parties,
                       c.   promote the full equal and meaningful participation of women at all levels
                 of decision making including in the context of peacebuilding, reconciliation processes
                 and security sector reform,
                      d.   promote the participation of persons belonging to minority clans and
                 underrepresented groups, youth and persons with disabilities,
                      e.   uphold the rights of freedom of expression, association, peaceful assembly
                 and movement, including the ability of journalists to operate freely, and condemn hate
                 speech and incitement to violence; and,
                       f.   enhance civilian oversight of their security apparatus, to continue to adopt
                 and implement appropriate vetting procedures of all defence and security p ersonnel,
                 including human rights vetting, and to investigate and, as appropriate, prosecute
                 individuals responsible for violations of international law, including international
                 humanitarian law and human rights law, and sexual and gender-based violence in
                 conflict and post-conflict situations, and in this context recalls the importance of the
                 Secretary-General’s Human Rights and Due Diligence Policy in relation to the
                 support provided by the United Nations to Somali security forces and ATMIS;
                       9.   Expresses its concern about all violations of international humanitarian
                 law and violations and abuses of human rights, including those involving sexual and
                 gender-based violence in conflict, further calls upon all parties to comply with their
                 obligations under international law, as applicable, including international
                 humanitarian law, including in relation to the protection of the civilian population,
                 and civilian objects, further reiterates the urgent and imperative need to hold
                 accountable all those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law and
                 violations and abuses of human rights, and emphasises the importance of protecting
                 and promoting the right to freedom of expression and protecting journalists and other
                 media professionals and associated personnel;
                      10. Expresses concern about the high number of verified instances of the “six
                 grave violations” against children documented in the Secretary -General’s annual
                 report on children and armed conflict (S/2022/493), and set out in the Secretary-General’s report on children and armed conflict in Somalia ( S/2022/397), and the high
                 number of grave violations attributed to Al-Shabaab, and:
                      a.    demands all parties to the conflict take appropriate measures to:
                      i.   end and prevent violations and abuses against children, including the
                      continued recruitment and use of children in armed conflict, in accordance with
                      obligations under international law;
                      ii.  identify those responsible for such violations and abuses and h old
                      perpetrators accountable;
                      iii. consider primarily as victims those children who are associated with or
                      have been released or otherwise separated from armed forces and armed groups
                      as per the Paris Principles endorsed by the FGS; and
                      iv. cease detention of all children on national security charges where it is in
                      violation of applicable international law;
                      b.    calls upon the FGS to: implement fully the United Nations Convention on
                 the Rights of the Child 1989 (UNCRC), the two Action Plans signed by the FGS in
                 2012 the roadmap signed in 2019 and the Standard Operating Procedures for the
                 reception and handover of children, strengthen the legal and operational framework

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                                                                                S/RES/2657 (2022)

           for the protection of children in Somalia, and ensure that national legislation
           pertaining to children, is compatible with its obligations under international law and
           commitments on the protection of children;
                11. Strongly condemns any misuse or obstruction of humanitarian assistance,
           including violence, attacks and threats against humanitar ian and medical personnel,
           and against their means of transport and equipment, as well as hospitals and other
           medical facilities in violation of international law, and:
                 a.    demands that all parties allow and facilitate, in accordance with applicable
           international humanitarian law, full, safe, rapid and unhindered access for the timely
           delivery of aid to persons in need across Somalia in line with the humanitarian
           principles, including for the implementation of the Drought Response and Famine
           Prevention Plan and revised Humanitarian Response Plan and by:
                i.    dismantling illegal checkpoints,
                ii.   removing administrative and bureaucratic restrictions and,
                iii. protecting humanitarian actors and communities from any retribution or
                punitive measures for seeking to negotiate access with parties to the conflict or
                providing humanitarian or medical assistance consistent with international
                humanitarian law,
                b.    underlines the importance of transparency and accountability in the
           provision of humanitarian support;
                 c.   recognises the role FMS, clan and religious leaders can play in enabling
           and negotiating humanitarian access across Somalia, encourages continued support
           for international and national humanitarian and local leaders, as well as protection
           from any form of retribution for seeking access to areas outside of government control
           for humanitarian purposes; and
                 d.    recalling that the Committee established pursuant to resolution 751 (1992)
           may designate individuals or entities that engage in obstruction of the delivery of
           humanitarian assistance to Somalia, or access to, or distribution of, humanitarian
           assistance in Somalia;
                 12. Calls upon the FGS, the FMS and all relevant actors to facilitate, support
           and, where appropriate, implement durable solutions for internal displacement,
           including local integration or resettlement, and to create the conditions conducive to
           the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of refugees and IDPs, in
           consultation with them and in line with applicable national frameworks and
           international obligations, with the support of the international community;
                 13. Recalls the need for the FGS to continue to establish and operationalise
           the National Human Rights Commission, the Constitutional Court and the Judicial
           Service Commission in line with the Provisional Constitution and the relevant
           legislation, and calls on the FGS to:
                 a.   promote and protect the rights of persons with disabilities and persons
           belonging to minority groups and to implement legislation aimed at protecting human
           rights and investigating and prosecuting perpetrators of crimes involving violations
           or abuses of human rights, violations of international humanitarian law, and sexual
           and gender-based violence in conflict and post-conflict situations;
                b.    ensure that sexual offences legislation is compatible with its obligations
           under international law and commitments on the protection of children and women;

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  S/RES/2657 (2022)

                      c.    with the support of the United Nations, accelerate the implementation of
                 the Joint Communiqué and the adoption and implementation of the new National
                 Action Plan to Combat Sexual Violence in Conflict;
                      14. Highlights the importance of the United Nations, the FGS and FMS
                 considering the adverse implications of climate change, environmental degradation,
                 other ecological changes and natural disasters, among other factors, in their
                 programmes in Somalia, including by undertaking comprehensive risk assessments
                 and risk management strategies relating to these factor s, acknowledging the United
                 Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement;
                      15.   Requests the following reports from the Secretary-General:
                       a.    regular updates on the situation in Somalia and implementation of
                 UNSOM’s mandate, to include updates against the benchmarks outlined in the
                 strategic review, including through briefings to the Security Council and no fewer
                 than three written reports, with the first report due by 15 February 2023, and every
                 120 days thereafter; and
                      b. an update in due course on progress made in implementing the
                 recommendations set out in the strategic review (S/2022/716);
                      16. Affirms that it shall keep the situation in Somalia under review and be
                 prepared to review the provisions contained in this resolution, at any time as may be
                 necessary, in light of the evolution of political developments and the situation in the
                 country;
                      17.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

6/6                                                                                22-24442

Security Council resolution 2657 (2022) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) until 31 Oct. 2023]

S/77 [84] SOMALIA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Somalia.

UN Assistance Mission in Somalia|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|HUMAN RIGHTS|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|SOMALIA|SOMALIA SITUATION


               United Nations                                                                 S/RES/2658 (2022)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               2 November 2022

               Resolution 2658 (2022)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9179th meeting, on
               2 November 2022

                    The Security Council,
                    Determining that the situation in the region of the Former Yugoslavia continues
               to constitute a threat to international peace and security,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.    Authorizes the Member States acting through or in cooperation with the
               EU to establish for a further period of twelve months, starting from the date of the
               adoption of this resolution, a multinational stabilization force (EUFOR ALTHEA) as
               a legal successor to SFOR under unified command and control, which will fu lfil its
               missions in relation to the implementation of Annex 1-A and Annex 2 of the General
               Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the annexes thereto
               (collectively the Peace Agreement, S/1995/999, Annex) in cooperation with the
               NATO Headquarters presence in accordance with the arrangements agreed between
               NATO and the EU as communicated to the Security Council in their letters of
               19 November 2004, which recognize that EUFOR ALTHEA will have the main peace
               stabilization role under the military aspects of the Peace Agreement;
                     2.   Decides to renew the authorization provided by paragraph 11 of its
               resolution 2183 (2014) for a further period of twelve months starting from the date of
               adoption of this resolution;
                     3.    Authorizes the Member States acting under paragraphs 1 and 2 above to
               take all necessary measures to effect the implementation of and to ensure compliance
               with annexes 1-A and 2 of the Peace Agreement, stresses that the parties shall
               continue to be held equally responsible for the compliance with that annex and shall
               be equally subject to such enforcement action by EUFOR ALTHEA and the NATO
               presence as may be necessary to ensure implementation of those annexes and the
               protection of EUFOR ALTHEA and the NATO presence;
                     4.    Authorizes Member States to take all necessary measures, at the request of
               either EUFOR ALTHEA or the NATO Headquarters, in defence of the EUFOR ALTHEA
               or NATO presence respectively, and to assist both organizations in carrying out their
               missions, and recognizes the right of both EUFOR ALTHEA and the NATO presence to
               take all necessary measures to defend themselves from attack or threat of attack;

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  S/RES/2658 (2022)

                       5.   Authorizes the Member States acting under paragraphs 1 and 2 above, in
                 accordance with annex 1-A of the Peace Agreement, to take all necessary measures to
                 ensure compliance with the rules and procedures governing command and control of
                 airspace over Bosnia and Herzegovina with respect to all civilian and military air traffic;
                      6.    Decides to remain seized of the matter.

2/2                                                                                22-24703

Security Council resolution 2658 (2022) [on renewal of the authorization of the European Union-led Multinational Stabilization Force (EUFOR ALTHEA) in Bosnia and Herzegovina for a period of 12 months]

S/77 [62] BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SITUATION
S/77 [60] FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

EUFOR|NATO|Agreement on Implementing the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEBUILDING|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SITUATION|FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SITUATION