               United Nations                                                                 S/RES/1583 (2005)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                28 January 2005

               Resolution 1583 (2005)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5117th meeting, on
               28 January 2005

                       The Security Council,
                    Recalling all its previous resolutions on Lebanon, including resolutions 425
               (1978) and 426 (1978) of 19 March 1978 and 1553 (2004) of 29 July 2004 as well
               as the statements of its President on the situation in Lebanon, in particular the
               statement of 18 June 2000 (S/PRST/2000/21),
                   Recalling further the letter from its President to the Secretary-General of
               18 May 2001 (S/2001/500),
                     Recalling also the Secretary-General’s conclusion that, as of 16 June 2000,
               Israel had withdrawn its forces from Lebanon in accordance with resolution 425
               (1978) and met the requirements defined in the Secretary-General’s report of
               22 May 2000 (S/2000/460), as well as the Secretary-General’s conclusion that the
               United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) had essentially completed two
               of the three parts of its mandate, focusing now on the remaining task of restoring
               international peace and security,
                       Gravely concerned at the persistence of tension and violence along the Blue
               Line,
                       Emphasizing once again the interim nature of UNIFIL,
                       Recalling its resolution 1308 (2000) of 17 July 2000,
                       Recalling also its resolution 1325 (2000) of 31 October 2000,
                    Recalling further the relevant principles contained in the Convention on the
               Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel adopted on 9 December 1994,
                     Responding to the request of the Government of Lebanon to extend the
               mandate of UNIFIL for a new period of six months presented in the letter from its
               Permanent Representative to the United Nations of 11 January 2005 to the
               Secretary-General (S/2005/13), while reaffirming that the Council has recognized
               the Blue Line as valid for the purpose of confirming Israel’s withdrawal pursuant to
               resolution 425 and that the Blue Line must be respected in its entirety,
                     Expressing its concern over the tensions and potential for escalation as noted
               in the Secretary-General’s report of 20 January (S/2005/36),

05-22390 (E)
*0522390*

S/RES/1583 (2005)

                    1.   Endorses the report of the Secretary-General on UNIFIL of 20 January
               (S/2005/36);
                    2.    Decides to extend the present mandate until 31 July 2005;
                     3.    Reiterates its strong support for the territorial integrity, sovereignty and
               political independence of Lebanon within its internationally recognized boundaries
               and under the sole and exclusive authority of the Government of Lebanon;
                     4.   Calls upon the Government of Lebanon to fully extend and exercise its
               sole and effective authority throughout the south, including through the deployment
               of sufficient numbers of Lebanese armed and security forces, to ensure a calm
               environment throughout the area, including along the Blue Line, and to exert control
               over the use of force on its territory and from it;
                     5.   Calls on the parties to ensure UNIFIL is accorded full freedom of
               movement throughout its area of operation as outlined in the Secretary-General’s
               report, and requests UNIFIL to report any obstruction it may face in the discharge of
               its mandate;
                    6.    Reiterates its call on the parties to continue to fulfil the commitments
               they have given to respect fully the entire withdrawal line identified by the United
               Nations, as set out in the Secretary-General’s report of 16 June 2000 (S/2000/590),
               to exercise utmost restraint and to cooperate fully with the United Nations and
               UNIFIL;
                     7.   Condemns all acts of violence, including the recent incidents across the
               Blue Line that have resulted in the killing and wounding of United Nations military
               observers, expresses great concern about the serious breaches and the sea, land and
               continuing air violations of the withdrawal line, and urges the parties to put an end
               to these violations, to refrain from any act or provocation that could further escalate
               the tension and to abide scrupulously by their obligation to respect the safety of the
               UNIFIL and other United Nations personnel;
                     8.    Supports the continued efforts of UNIFIL to maintain the ceasefire along
               the withdrawal line through mobile patrols and observation from fixed positions and
               through close contacts with the parties to correct violations, resolve incidents and
               prevent their escalation, while stressing the primary responsibility of the parties in
               this regard;
                     9.    Welcomes the continued contribution of UNIFIL to operational mine
               clearance, encourages further assistance in mine action by the United Nations to the
               Government of Lebanon in support of both the continued development of its
               national mine action capacity and clearance of the remaining mine/UXO threat in
               the south, commends donor countries for supporting these efforts through financial
               and in-kind contributions and encourages further international contributions, and
               stresses the necessity for provision to the Government of Lebanon and UNIFIL any
               additional existing maps and minefield records;
                     10. Requests the Secretary-General to continue consultations with the
               Government of Lebanon and other parties directly concerned on the implementation
               of this resolution and to report thereon to the Council before the end of the present
               mandate as well as on the activities of UNIFIL and the tasks presently carried out by
               the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO);

2

                                                                                S/RES/1583 (2005)

      11. Expresses its intention to review the mandate and structures of UNIFIL at
the end of the present mandate and requests the Secretary-General, following
appropriate consultations, including with the Lebanese Government, to include in
his report recommendations in this regard, taking into account the prevailing
situation on the ground, the activities actually performed by the Force in its area of
operation and its contribution towards the remaining task of restoring international
peace and security;
     12.   Looks forward to the early fulfilment of the mandate of UNIFIL;
      13. Stresses the importance of, and the need to achieve, a comprehensive,
just and lasting peace in the Middle East, based on all its relevant resolutions
including its resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967 and 338 (1973) of
22 October 1973.

                                                                                3

Security Council resolution 1583 (2005) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)]

S/60 [54] MIDDLE EAST SITUATION
S/60 [56] ISRAEL--LEBANON
S/60 [57] UN INTERIM FORCE IN LEBANON

UN Interim Force in Lebanon|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|LEBANON|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION|DISPUTE SETTLEMENT|MINE CLEARANCE|SOVEREIGNTY|ARMED FORCES|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT|TROOP WITHDRAWAL|VIOLENCE|STAFF SECURITY|CEASEFIRES|TRUCE SUPERVISION|DONOR COUNTRIES|CONTRIBUTIONS-IN-KIND|CONSULTATIONS


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/1584 (2005)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                1 February 2005

               Resolution 1584 (2005)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5118th meeting,
               on 1 February 2005

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolutions 1572 (2004) of 15 November 2004 and 1528 (2004)
               of 27 February 2004, as well as the relevant statements of its President in particular
               those of 16 December 2004 (S/PRST/2004/48), of 6 November 2004
               (S/PRST/2004/42) and of 5 August 2004 (S/PRST/2004/29),
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and unity of Côte d’Ivoire, and recalling the importance of the principles
               of good neighbourliness, non-interference and regional cooperation,
                    Recalling that it endorsed the agreement signed by the Ivorian political forces
               in Linas-Marcoussis on 24 January 2003 (S/2003/99) (the Linas-Marcoussis
               Agreement) approved by the Conference of Heads of States on Côte d’Ivoire, held
               in Paris on 25 and 26 January 2003, and the Agreement signed in Accra on 30 July
               2004 (the Accra III Agreement),
                   Deploring once again the repeated violations of the ceasefire agreement of
               3 May 2003,
                     Recalling strongly the obligations of all Ivorian parties, the Government of
               Côte d’Ivoire as well as the Forces nouvelles, to comply fully with the ceasefire
               agreement of 3 May 2003, to refrain from any violence, in particular against
               civilians including foreign citizens, and to cooperate fully with the activities of the
               United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI),
                     Welcoming the efforts of the Secretary-General, the African Union and the
               Economic Community of Western African States towards re-establishing peace and
               stability in Côte d’Ivoire, and reaffirming in this regard its full support to the
               ongoing facilitation mission undertaken by President Thabo Mbeki, President of the
               Republic of South Africa, on behalf of the African Union,
                     Welcoming also the decision of the Peace and Security Council of the African
               Union on Côte d’Ivoire taken on 10 January 2005 in Libreville, Gabon, and noting
               its communiqué issued on that occasion,
                     Determining that the situation in Côte d’Ivoire continues to pose a threat to
               international peace and security in the region,

05-22640 (E)
*0522640*

S/RES/1584 (2005)

                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.    Reaffirms its decision in paragraph 7 of resolution 1572 of 15 November
               2004 that all States, particularly those bordering Côte d’Ivoire, take the necessary
               measures to prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer to Côte d’Ivoire of
               arms or any related materiel as well as the provision of any assistance, advice or
               training related to military activities;
                    2.    Authorizes UNOCI and the French forces which support it, within their
               capacity and without prejudice to their mandate set out in resolution 1528 (2004)
               and paragraph 3 below:
                     (a) To monitor the implementation of the measures imposed by paragraph 7
               of resolution 1572 (2004), in cooperation with the group of experts referred to in
               paragraph 7 below, and, as appropriate, with the United Nations Mission in Liberia,
               the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone and Governments concerned, including
               by inspecting, as they deem it necessary and as appropriate without notice, the cargo
               of aircraft and of any transport vehicle using the ports, airports, airfields, military
               bases and border crossings of Côte d’Ivoire;
                    (b) To collect, as appropriate, arms and any related materiel brought into
               Côte d’Ivoire in violation of the measures imposed by paragraph 7 of resolution
               1572 (2004), and to dispose of such arms and related materiel as appropriate;
                     3.    Requests the French forces which support UNOCI, in addition to their
               mandate set out in resolution 1528 (2004), to provide, as appropriate, security
               assistance to UNOCI in carrying out the tasks set out in paragraph 2 above;
                     4.   Acknowledges that the appropriate civilian expertise within UNOCI is
               needed to fulfil the tasks set out in paragraph 2 above, to the extent that no
               additional resources are required;
                    5.   Demands that all Ivorian parties, including the Government of Côte
               d’Ivoire and the Forces nouvelles, provide unhindered access, particularly to
               equipment, sites and installations referred to in paragraph 2 above, to UNOCI and
               French forces which support it to enable them to carry out the tasks set out in
               paragraphs 2 and 3 above;
                     6.   Requests the Secretary-General and the French Government immediately
               to report to the Security Council, through the Security Council Committee
               established by paragraph 14 of resolution 1572 (2004) (the Committee), any
               hindrance or difficulty in implementing the tasks described in paragraph 2 (b)
               above, so that the Security Council can consider all appropriate measures against
               any individual or group that hinders the implementation of these tasks;
                     7.    Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Committee, to
               create, as referred to in paragraph 17 of resolution 1572 (2004), within thirty days
               from the date of adoption of this resolution, and for a period of six months, a group
               of experts consisting of no more than three members (the Group of Experts), having
               the necessary skills to perform the following mandate:
                    (a) To examine and analyse information gathered by UNOCI and the French
               forces in the context of the monitoring mandate set out in paragraph 2 above;
                    (b) To gather and analyse all relevant information in Côte d’Ivoire, countries
               of the region and, as necessary, in other countries, in cooperation with the

2

                                                                                S/RES/1584 (2005)

governments of those countries, on flows of arms and related materiel, and
provision of assistance, advice or training related to military activities as well as
networks operating in violation of the measures imposed by paragraph 7 of
resolution 1572 (2004);
     (c) To consider and recommend, where appropriate, ways of improving the
capabilities of States, in particular those in the region, to ensure the effective
implementation of the measures imposed by paragraph 7 of resolution 1572 (2004);
      (d) To report to the Security Council in writing within 90 days from its
establishment, through the Committee, on the implementation of the measures
imposed by paragraph 7 of resolution 1572 (2004), with recommendations in this
regard;
     (e)   To keep the Committee regularly updated on its activities;
     (f) To exchange with UNOCI and the French forces, as appropriate,
information that might be of use in fulfilling its monitoring mandate set out in
paragraph 2 above;
      (g) To provide the Committee in its reports with a list, with supporting
evidence, of those found to have violated the measures imposed by paragraph 7 of
resolution 1572 (2004), and those found to have supported them in such activities,
for possible future measures by the Council;
      (h) To cooperate with other relevant groups of experts, in particular that
established on Liberia by resolutions 1521 of 22 December 2003 and 1579 of
21 December 2004;
      8.    Calls upon the Government of Côte d’Ivoire and the Forces nouvelles,
specifically their armed forces, to cooperate with UNOCI in establishing, within 45
days from the date of adoption of this resolution, a comprehensive list of armaments
in the possession of these armed forces and in possession of paramilitary troops and
militias associated with them, as well as their location, in particular aircraft and
their armament of any kind, missiles, explosive devices, artillery of any calibre,
including anti-aircraft artillery, and armoured and non-armoured vehicles, in order
to help UNOCI to fulfil the tasks set out in paragraph 2 above and to assist in
undertaking the regrouping of all the Ivorian forces involved and in implementing
the national programme for the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of
combatants in accordance with resolution 1528 (2004);
      9.   Requests the Secretary-General to communicate as appropriate to the
Security Council, through the Committee, information gathered by UNOCI and,
when possible, reviewed by the Group of Experts, about the supply of arms and
related materiel to Côte d’Ivoire;
     10. Requests also the French Government to communicate as appropriate to
the Security Council, through the Committee, information gathered by the French
forces and, when possible, reviewed by the Group of Experts, about the supply of
arms and related materiel to Côte d’Ivoire;
     11. Urges all States, relevant United Nations bodies and, as appropriate,
other organizations and interested parties, to cooperate fully with the Committee,
the Group of Experts, UNOCI and the French forces, in particular by supplying any

                                                                                3

S/RES/1584 (2005)

               information at their disposal on possible violations of the measures imposed by
               paragraph 7 of resolution 1572 (2004);
                     12. Expresses its grave concern at the use of mercenaries by both Ivorian
               parties, and urges both sides immediately to desist from this practice;
                     13. Recalls its request set out in paragraph 15 of resolution 1572 (2004) to
               all States, in particular those in the region, to report to the Committee on steps they
               have taken to implement the measures imposed by paragraph 7 of resolution 1572
               (2004);
                    14. Expresses its intention to consider the recommendations of the Secretary-General contained in his report dated 9 December 2004 (S/2004/962), including its
               addendum (S/2004/962/Add.1);
                    15.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

4

Security Council resolution 1584 (2005) [on monitoring the implementation of the arms embargo imposed by resolution 1572 (2004) on Côte d'Ivoire]

S/60 [196] CÔTE D'IVOIRE--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/60 [198] UN OPERATION IN CÔTE D'IVOIRE

UN Operation in Côte d'Ivoire|UN Mission in Sierra Leone|UN Mission in Liberia|Forces nouvelles (Organization : Côte d'Ivoire). Forces armées|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1572 (2004) concerning Côte d'Ivoire|UN. Group of Experts Established pursuant to Paragraph 7 of Security Council Resolution 1584 (2005)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|INTERNAL SECURITY|ARMS EMBARGO|CÔTE D'IVOIRE|MILITARY ASSISTANCE|MILITARY PERSONNEL|FRANCE|GROUPS OF EXPERTS|SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE|CONSULTATIONS|PROJECT MONITORING|INFORMATION EXCHANGE|SEARCHES AND SEIZURES|CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION|ILLICIT ARMS TRAFFICKING|DISARMAMENT|NEIGHBOURING STATES|INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS|DATA ANALYSIS

Côte d'Ivoire|Gabon|Liberia|Sierra Leone|South Africa


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/1585 (2005)
               Security Council                                               Distr.: General
                                                                              10 March 2005

               Resolution 1585 (2005)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5137th meeting, on
               10 March 2005

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolutions 1547 (2004) of 11 June 2004, 1556 (2004) of 30 July
               2004 and 1574 (2004) of 19 November 2004,
                    Reaffirming its readiness to support the peace process,
                   Decides to extend the mandate of the United Nations Advance Mission in
               Sudan (UNAMIS), established by its resolution 1547 (2004), until 17 March 2005,
                    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

05-26638 (E)
*0526638*

Security Council resolution 1585 (2005) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Advance Mission in the Sudan (UNAMIS)]

UN Advance Mission in the Sudan|SPECIAL MISSIONS|PEACEMAKING|SUDAN


               United Nations                                                                  S/RES/1586 (2005)
               Security Council                                              Distr.: General
                                                                             14 March 2005

               Resolution 1586 (2005)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5139th meeting, on
               14 March 2005

                    The Security Council,
                     Reaffirming all its previous resolutions and statements pertaining to the
               situation between Ethiopia and Eritrea, and the requirements contained therein,
               including in particular resolution 1560 (2004) of 14 September 2004,
                     Stressing its unwavering commitment to the peace process, including through
               the role played by the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE),
               and to the full and expeditious implementation of the Comprehensive peace
               agreement signed by the Governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea (hereinafter referred
               to as “the parties”) on 12 December 2000 and the preceding Agreement on the
               Cessation of Hostilities of 18 June 2000 (S/2000/1183 and S/2000/601, respectively,
               hereinafter referred to as the “Algiers Agreements”), and the delimitation decision
               by the Boundary Commission of 13 April 2002 (S/2000/423), embraced by the
               parties as final and binding in accordance with the Algiers Agreements,
                    Welcoming the Secretary-General’s determination that UNMEE has been able
               to maintain the integrity of the Temporary Security Zone (TSZ),
                    Expressing concern regarding the recent high concentration of Ethiopian
               troops in the areas adjacent to the TSZ,
                     Recalling that lasting peace between Ethiopia and Eritrea as well as in the
               region cannot be achieved without the full demarcation of the border between the
               parties,
                     Seriously concerned with the Commission’s decision to take immediate steps
               to close down its field offices, due to the lack of progress made in the demarcation
               of the border, as reflected in the 16th report on the work of the Eritrea-Ethiopia
               Boundary Commission of 24 February 2005,
                    Expressing concern about Ethiopia’s ongoing rejection of significant parts of
               the Boundary Commission’s decision, and its current lack of cooperation with the
               Commission, including the refusal to participate in the meeting of 22 February
               2005,
                    Expressing disappointment about the continuing refusal of Eritrea to engage
               with the Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for Ethiopia and Eritrea, whose good

05-26991 (E)
*0526991*

S/RES/1586 (2005)

               offices represent a concrete opportunity for both parties to move the peace process
               forward,
                     Recalling the recent increase in United Nations peacekeeping activities and the
               need to allocate peacekeeping resources in the most effective manner, and recalling
               in this regard the additional burden caused by the delays in the demarcation process,
                     Welcoming Eritrea’s unconditional acceptance of the Boundary Commission’s
               decision,
                    Welcoming Ethiopia’s Five point proposal of 25 November 2004,
                    Having considered the report of the Secretary-General (S/2005/142) and
               welcoming the observations made therein,
                    1.    Decides to extend the present mandate of UNMEE until 15 September
               2005;
                     2.   Calls on both parties to refrain from any increase of troops in the areas
               adjacent to the Temporary Security Zone, to give serious consideration to returning
               to the 16 December 2004 levels of deployment and more generally, to refrain from
               any threat of use of force against each other;
                     3.   Calls on both parties to cooperate fully and expeditiously with UNMEE
               in the implementation of its mandate, to ensure the security of all UNMEE staff, and
               to remove immediately and unconditionally all restrictions on and impediments to
               the work and to the full and free movement of UNMEE and its staff;
                     4.   Takes note of positive developments in some areas of relations between
               UNMEE and both parties, and in this regard urges Eritrea to take immediate steps,
               in consultation with UNMEE, towards implementing the direct flights between
               Addis Ababa and Asmara; also calls upon Eritrea to reopen the Asmara to Barentu
               road;
                     5.   Stresses that Ethiopia and Eritrea have the primary responsibility for the
               implementation of the Algiers Agreements and the decision of the Eritrea-Ethiopia
               Boundary Commission and calls upon both parties to show leadership to achieve a
               full normalization of their relationship, including through political dialogue for the
               adoption of further confidence-building measures and to consolidate progress
               achieved so far, by making full use of the existing framework of the Boundary
               Commission;
                      6.    Reiterates its call on the parties to cooperate fully and promptly with the
               Boundary Commission and to create the necessary conditions for demarcation to
               proceed expeditiously, including through the complete appointment by Ethiopia of
               its field liaison officers;
                    7.    Calls on Ethiopia without preconditions to start the implementation of
               demarcation, by taking the necessary steps to enable the Commission to demarcate
               the border completely and promptly;
                    8.    Expresses its concern at the worsening humanitarian situation in Ethiopia
               and Eritrea and the implications this could have for the peace process and calls on
               Member States to continue to provide prompt and generous support for humanitarian
               operations in Ethiopia and Eritrea;

2

                                                                                S/RES/1586 (2005)

      9.   Reiterates its full support for the Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for
Ethiopia and Eritrea, Lloyd Axworthy, in his efforts to facilitate the implementation
of the Algiers Agreements, the decision of the Boundary Commission and
normalization of diplomatic relations between the two countries through his good
offices, and emphasizes that this appointment does not constitute an alternative
mechanism;
     10. Calls on Eritrea to accept the good offices of the Secretary-General and
cooperate with his Special Envoy for Ethiopia and Eritrea;
     11. Calls on the witnesses to the Algiers Agreements to play a more
concerted and active role to facilitate their full implementation;
     12. Decides to continue monitoring closely the steps taken by the parties in
the implementation of their commitments under the relevant resolutions of the
Security Council and under the Algiers Agreements, including through the
Boundary Commission, and to review any implications for UNMEE;
      13. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to monitor the situation
closely, to review the mission’s mandate in the light of progress made in the peace
process and changes made to UNMEE;
     14.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

                                                                                3

Security Council resolution 1586 (2005) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE)]

S/60 [152] ERITREA--ETHIOPIA
S/60 [153] UN MISSION IN ETHIOPIA AND ERITREA

Axworthy, Lloyd > (Canada)|UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea|Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission|UN. Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Ethiopia and Eritrea|UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea > Terms of reference|Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities between the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Government of the State of Eritrea (2000)|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|DEMILITARIZED ZONES|BOUNDARIES|FOREIGN RELATIONS|ERITREA|ETHIOPIA|STAFF SECURITY|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT|AIR TRANSPORT|CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES|LIAISON OFFICES|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES|DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS|GOOD OFFICES


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/1587 (2005)
               Security Council                                               Distr.: General

                                                                              15 March 2005

               Resolution 1587 (2005)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5142nd meeting, on
               15 March 2005

                    The Security Council,
                     Reaffirming its previous resolutions and the statements of its President
               concerning the situation in Somalia, in particular resolution 733 (1992) of
               23 January 1992, which established an embargo on all delivery of weapons and
               military equipment to Somalia (hereinafter referred to as the “arms embargo”),
               resolution 1519 (2003) of 16 December 2003 and resolution 1558 (2004) of
               17 August 2004,
                     Welcoming further progress in the process of national reconciliation in Somalia
               and expecting further steps by the Transitional Federal Government towards
               establishing effective national governance in Somalia,
                    Reaffirming the importance of the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political
               independence and unity of Somalia,
                    Commending the efforts of the African Union and the Intergovernmental
               Authority on Development in support of the Transitional Federal Government and
               welcoming the African Union’s continued support for reconciliation in Somalia,
                    Taking note of the report of the Monitoring Group dated 14 February 2005
               (S/2005/153) submitted pursuant to paragraph 3 (e) of resolution 1558 (2004) and
               the observations and recommendations contained therein,
                     Condemning the continued flow of weapons and ammunition supplies to and
               through Somalia, in violation of the arms embargo, and expressing its determination
               that violators should be held accountable,
                     Reiterating the importance of the implementation of the arms embargo by
               Member States and the enhancement of the monitoring of the arms embargo in
               Somalia through persistent and vigilant investigation into the violations, bearing in
               mind that strict enforcement of the arms embargo will improve the overall security
               situation in Somalia,
                    Determining that the situation in Somalia constitutes a threat to international
               peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

05-27133 (E)
*0527133*

S/RES/1587 (2005)

                   1.    Stresses the obligation of all States to comply fully with the measures
               imposed by resolution 733 (1992);
                    2.  Expresses its intention to give the report of the Monitoring Group dated
               14 February 2005 (S/2005/153) due consideration in order to improve
               implementation of and compliance with measures imposed by resolution 733
               (1992);
                     3.    Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Committee
               established pursuant to resolution 751 (1992) of 24 April 1992 (hereinafter referred
               to as “the Committee”), to re-establish within thirty days from the date of the
               adoption of this resolution, and for a period of six months, the Monitoring Group
               referred to in paragraph 3 of resolution 1558 (2004), with the following mandate:
                     (a) to continue investigating the implementation of the arms embargo by
               Member States and violations, inter alia, through field-based investigations in
               Somalia, where possible, and, as appropriate, in other States, in particular, those in
               the region;
                     (b) to assess actions taken by Somali authorities, as well as Member States,
               in particular, those in the region, fully to implement the arms embargo;
                     (c) to make specific recommendations based on detailed information in
               relevant areas of expertise related to violations and measures to give effect to and
               strengthen the implementation of the arms embargo in its various aspects;
                     (d) to continue refining and updating information on the draft list of those
               individuals and entities who violate the measures implemented by Member States in
               accordance with resolution 733 (1992), inside and outside Somalia, and their active
               supporters, for possible future measures by the Council, and to present such
               information to the Committee as and when the Committee deems appropriate;
                    (e) to continue making recommendations based on its investigations, on the
               previous reports of the Panel of Experts (S/2003/223 and S/2003/1035) appointed
               pursuant to resolutions 1425 (2002) of 22 July 2002 and 1474 (2003) of 8 April
               2003, and on the previous reports of the Monitoring Group (S/2004/604 and
               S/2005/153) appointed pursuant to resolutions 1519 (2003) of 16 December 2003
               and 1558 (2004) of 17 August 2004;
                     (f) to work closely with the Committee on specific recommendations for
               additional measures to improve overall compliance with the arms embargo;
                    (g) to assist in identifying areas where the capacities of States in the region
               can be strengthened to facilitate the implementation of the arms embargo;
                    (h) to provide to the Council, through the Committee, a mid-term briefing
               within 90 days from its establishment;
                     (i) to submit to the Council through the Committee, no later than 30 days
               prior to the termination of its mandate, a final report covering all the tasks set out
               above, which the Committee will subsequently consider and convey to the Security
               Council prior to the expiration of its mandate;
                    4.  Further requests the Secretary-General to make the necessary financial
               arrangements to support the work of the Monitoring Group;
                    5.    Reaffirms paragraphs 4, 5, 7, 8 and 10 of resolution 1519 (2003);

2

                                                                                S/RES/1587 (2005)

      6.   Requests the Committee, in accordance with its mandate and in
consultation with the Monitoring Group and other relevant United Nations entities,
to consider and recommend to the Council ways to improve implementation of and
compliance with the arms embargo, including ways to develop capacity of States in
the region to implement the arms embargo, in response to continuing violations;
      7.    Further requests the Committee to consider, when appropriate, a visit to
Somalia and/or the region by its Chairman and those he may designate, as approved
by the Committee, to demonstrate the Security Council’s determination to give full
effect to the arms embargo;
     8.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

                                                                                3

Security Council resolution 1587 (2005) [on re-establishment of the UN Monitoring Group Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1519 (2003)]

UN. Monitoring Group Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1519 (2003) and 1907 (2009)|UN. Monitoring Group Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1519 (2003) > Recommendations|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 751 (1992) concerning Somalia|UN. Monitoring Group Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1519 (2003) > Terms of reference|UN. Monitoring Group Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1519 (2003) > Financing|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|ARMS EMBARGO|SOMALIA|SOMALIA SITUATION|SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE|INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS|REPORT PREPARATION|CONSULTATIONS|REGIONAL COOPERATION|ILLICIT ARMS TRAFFICKING|CAPACITY BUILDING|FACT-FINDING MISSIONS


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/1588 (2005)
               Security Council                                               Distr.: General
                                                                              17 March 2005

               Resolution 1588 (2005)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5143rd meeting, on
               17 March 2005

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolutions 1547 (2004) of 11 June 2004, 1556 (2004) of 30 July
               2004, 1574 (2004) of 19 November 2004, and resolution 1585 (2005) of 10 March
               2005,
                    Reaffirming its readiness to support the peace process,
                   Decides to extend the mandate of the United Nations Advance Mission in
               Sudan (UNAMIS), established by its resolution 1547 (2004), until 24 March 2005,
                    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

05-27444 (E)
*0527444*

Security Council resolution 1588 (2005) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Advance Mission in the Sudan (UNAMIS)]


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/1589 (2005)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                24 March 2005

               Resolution 1589 (2005)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5148th meeting,
               on 24 March 2005

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions on Afghanistan, in particular its resolution
               1536 (2004) of 26 March 2004 extending the mandate of the United Nations
               Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) through 26 March 2005,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and national unity of Afghanistan,
                    Welcoming once again the successful holding of the presidential election on
               9 October 2004,
                     Recognizing the urgent need to tackle the ongoing challenges in Afghanistan,
               including the fight against narcotics, the lack of security in certain areas, terrorist
               threats, comprehensive nationwide disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
               of the Afghan Militia Forces and disbandment of illegal armed groups, timely
               preparation for the parliamentary, provincial and district elections, development of
               Afghan Government institutions, acceleration of justice sector reform, promotion
               and protection of human rights, and economic and social development,
                     Reaffirming in this context its continued support for the implementation of the
               provisions of the Bonn Agreement of 5 December 2001, and of the Berlin
               Declaration of 1 April 2004 including its annexes, and pledging its continued
               support thereafter for the Government and people of Afghanistan as they rebuild
               their country, strengthen the foundations of a constitutional democracy and assume
               their rightful place in the community of nations,
                     Recalling and emphasizing the importance of the Kabul Declaration of
               22 December 2002 on Good-Neighbourly Relations (S/2002/1416), and encouraging
               all States concerned to continue to follow up on the Kabul Declaration and the
               Declaration on Trade, Transit and Inward Investment signed in Dubai in September
               2003,
                    Expressing its appreciation and strong support for the ongoing efforts of the
               Secretary-General and his Special Representative for Afghanistan, and stressing the
               central and impartial role that the United Nations continues to play in promoting
               peace and stability in Afghanistan,

05-28336 (E)
*0528336*

S/RES/1589 (2005)

                    1.   Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 18 March 2005
               (S/2005/183);
                   2.    Decides to extend the mandate of UNAMA for an additional period of
               12 months from the date of adoption of this resolution;
                     3.    Stresses the importance of urgently establishing a framework for the
               holding at the earliest possible date of free and fair elections, welcomes in this
               regard the announcement of the Joint Electoral Management Body that elections for
               the lower house of the parliament (Wolesi Jirga) and provincial councils will be held
               on 18 September 2005, calls upon UNAMA to continue to provide necessary
               support in order to facilitate timely elections with the broadest possible
               participation, and urges the donor community to promptly make available the
               necessary financial support based on that framework, in close coordination with the
               Government of Afghanistan and UNAMA, and to consider contributing to electoral
               observer missions;
                     4.   Stresses the importance of security for the credible parliamentary,
               provincial and district elections, and to this end calls upon Member States to
               contribute personnel, equipment and other resources to support the expansion of the
               International Security Assistance Force and the establishment of provincial
               reconstruction teams in other parts of Afghanistan, and to coordinate closely with
               UNAMA and the Government of Afghanistan;
                     5.   Welcomes the international efforts to assist in setting up the new Afghan
               Parliament and ensure its efficient functioning, which will be critical to the political
               future of Afghanistan and the steps towards a free and democratic Afghanistan;
                     6.   Welcomes the substantial progress in the disarmament, demobilization
               and reintegration (DDR) process in accordance with the Bonn Agreement,
               encourages the Government of Afghanistan to continue its active efforts to
               accelerate the DDR process towards its completion by June 2006, to disband the
               illegal armed groups and to dispose of the ammunition stockpile, and requests the
               international community to further extend assistance for these efforts;
                     7.    Welcomes the effort to date of the Government of Afghanistan to
               implement its national drug control strategy adopted in May 2003, including
               through the launch of the 2005 Counter Narcotics Implementation Plan in February
               2005, which reflects a new determination of the Government to tackle the
               cultivation, production and trafficking of drugs, urges the Government to take
               decisive action to stop the processing and trade of drugs and to pursue the specific
               measures set out in that plan in the fields of building institutions, information
               campaigns, alternative livelihoods, interdiction and law enforcement, criminal
               justice, eradication, demand reduction and treatment of addicts, and regional
               cooperation, and calls on the international community to provide every possible
               assistance to the Government in pursuing full implementation of all aspects of the
               plan;
                    8.    Supports the fight against the illicit trafficking of drugs and precursors
               within Afghanistan and in neighbouring States and countries along trafficking
               routes, including increased cooperation among them to strengthen anti-narcotic
               controls to curb the drug flow, and welcomes in this context the signing on 1 April
               2004 of the Berlin Declaration on Counter-Narcotics within the framework of the
               Kabul Declaration on Good-neighbourly Relations of 22 December 2002;

2

                                                                                S/RES/1589 (2005)

      9.  Requests UNAMA to continue to support the ongoing effort for the
establishment of a fair and transparent justice system, including the reconstruction
and reform of the prison sector, in order to strengthen the rule of law throughout the
country;
       10. Calls for full respect for human rights and international humanitarian law
throughout Afghanistan and, in this regard, requests UNAMA, with the support of
the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, to continue
to assist in the full implementation of the human rights provisions of the new
Afghan constitution, in particular those regarding the full enjoyment by women of
their human rights, commends the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission
for its courageous efforts to monitor respect for human rights in Afghanistan as well
as to foster and protect these rights, welcomes in this regard the Commission’s
report of 29 January 2005 and the proposed national strategy for transitional justice,
and requests international support for that endeavour;
      11. Welcomes the development of the Afghan National Army and Afghan
National Police and the ongoing efforts to increase their capabilities as important
steps towards the goal of Afghan security forces providing security and ensuring the
rule of law throughout the country;
      12. Calls upon the Government of Afghanistan, with the assistance of the
international community, including the Operation Enduring Freedom coalition and
the International Security Assistance Force, in accordance with their respective
designated responsibilities as they evolve, to continue to address the threat to the
security and stability of Afghanistan posed by Al-Qaida operatives, the Taliban and
other extremist groups, factional violence among militia forces and criminal
activities, in particular violence involving the drug trade;
      13. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council in a timely
manner on developments in Afghanistan, and make recommendations on the future
role of UNAMA, after the parliamentary elections;
     14.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

                                                                                3

Security Council resolution 1589 (2005) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA)]

S/60 [46] AFGHANISTAN SITUATION
S/60 [47] UN ASSISTANCE MISSION IN AFGHANISTAN

UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan|Afghanistan. Joint Electoral Management Body|International Security Assistance Force|Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission|Operation Enduring Freedom Coalition|Qaida (Organization)|Taliban (Afghanistan)|UN. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights|Agreement on Provisional Arrangements in Afghanistan Pending the Re-establishment of Permanent Government Institutions (2001)|Berlin Declaration on Counter-Narcotics within the Framework of the Kabul Good Neighbourly Relations Declaration (2004)|Kabul Declaration on Good-Neighbourly Relations (2002)|SPECIAL MISSIONS|ELECTIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|DRUG CONTROL|HUMAN RIGHTS|AFGHANISTAN|AFGHANISTAN SITUATION|POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION|POLITICAL PARTICIPATION|DONOR COUNTRIES|FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE|TECHNICAL COOPERATION|OBSERVER MISSIONS|DEMOCRATIZATION|MILITARY DEMOBILIZATION|DRUG TRAFFIC|INSTITUTION BUILDING|LAW ENFORCEMENT|REGIONAL SECURITY|GOOD NEIGHBOURLINESS|JUDICIAL SYSTEM|PRISON REFORM|LAW REFORM|RULE OF LAW|HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|CONSTITUTIONS|WOMEN'S RIGHTS|ARMED FORCES|POLICE|VIOLENCE|PERIODIC REPORTS


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/1590 (2005)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               24 March 2005

               Resolution 1590 (2005)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5151st meeting, on
               24 March 2005

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolutions 1547 (2004) of 11 June 2004, 1556 (2004) of 30 July
               2004, 1564 (2004) of 18 September 2004, and 1574 (2004) of 19 November 2004,
               1585 of 10 March 2005 and 1588 (2005) of 17 March 2005, and statements of its
               President concerning Sudan,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to the sovereignty, unity, independence and
               territorial integrity of Sudan, and recalling the importance of the principles of good
               neighbourliness, non-interference and regional cooperation,
                   Welcoming the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the
               Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army
               (SPLM/A) in Nairobi, Kenya on 9 January 2005,
                     Recalling the commitments made by the parties in the 8 April N’djamena
               Ceasefire Agreement and the 9 November 2004 Abuja Humanitarian and Security
               Protocols between the Government of Sudan, the Sudan People’s Liberation
               Movement/Army (SPLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), and
               recalling the commitments made in the Joint Communiqué of 3 July 2004 between
               the Government of Sudan and the Secretary-General,
                    Expressing its determination to help the people of Sudan to promote national
               reconciliation, lasting peace and stability, and to build a prosperous and united
               Sudan in which human rights are respected, the protection of all citizens assured,
                     Taking note of the statements of Vice-President Ali Osman Taha of the
               Government of Sudan and Chairman Garang of the SPLM/A at the meeting of the
               Council on 8 February 2005, and the strong will and determination they expressed
               to find a peaceful resolution to the conflict in Darfur as expressed at the meeting,
                     Recognizing that the parties to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement must
               build on the Agreement to bring peace and stability to the entire country, and calling
               on all Sudanese parties in particular those party to the Comprehensive Peace
               Agreement, to take immediate steps to achieve a peaceful settlement to the conflict
               in Darfur and to take all necessary action to prevent further violations of human

05-28408 (E)
*0528408*

S/RES/1590 (2005)

               rights and international humanitarian law and to put an end to impunity, including in
               the Darfur region,
                     Expressing its utmost concern over the dire consequences of the prolonged
               conflict for the civilian population in the Darfur region as well as throughout Sudan,
               in particular the increase in the number of refugees and internally displaced persons,
                     Considering that the voluntary and sustainable return of refugees and
               internally displaced persons will be a critical factor for the consolidation of the
               peace process,
                     Expressing also its deep concern for the security of humanitarian workers and
               their access to populations in need, including refugees, internally displaced persons
               and other war-affected populations,
                    Condemning the continued violations of the N’djamena Ceasefire Agreement
               of 8 April 2004 and the Abuja Protocols of 9 November 2004 by all sides in Darfur
               and the deterioration of the security situation and the negative impact this has had
               on humanitarian assistance efforts,
                     Strongly condemning all violations of human rights and international
               humanitarian law in the Darfur region, in particular the continuation of violence
               against civilians and sexual violence against women and girls since the adoption of
               resolution 1574 (2004), urging all parties to take necessary steps to prevent further
               violations, and expressing its determination to ensure that those responsible for all
               such violations are identified and brought to justice without delay,
                     Recalling the demands in resolutions 1556 (2004), 1564 (2004), and 1574
               (2004), that all parties to the conflict in Darfur refrain from any violence against
               civilians and cooperate fully with the African Union Mission in Darfur,
                     Commending the efforts of the African Union, in particular its Chairman,
               acknowledging the progress made by the African Union in the deployment of an
               international protection force, police, and military observers, and calling on all
               member States to contribute generously and urgently to the African Union Mission
               in Darfur,
                   Commending also the efforts of the Intergovernmental Authority for
               Development (IGAD), in particular the Government of Kenya as Chair of the
               Subcommittee on Sudan,
                     Reaffirming its resolutions 1325 (2000) on women, peace, and security, 1379
               (2001) and 1460 (2003) on children in armed conflicts, as well as resolutions 1265
               (1999) and 1296 (2000) on the protection of civilians in armed conflicts and
               resolution 1502 (2003) on the protection of humanitarian and United Nations
               personnel,
                    Welcoming the efforts by the United Nations to sensitize United Nations
               personnel in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS and other communicable
               diseases in all its established operations,
                    Expressing grave concern at the allegations of sexual exploitation and
               misconduct by United Nations personnel in United Nations established operations,
               and welcoming the Secretary-General’s 9 February 2005 letter to the Council in this
               regard, affirming there will be a zero-tolerance policy of sexual exploitation and
               abuse of any kind in all United Nations peacekeeping missions,

2

                                                                                S/RES/1590 (2005)

      Recognizing that international support for implementation of the
Comprehensive Peace Agreement is critically important to its success, emphasizing
that progress towards resolution of the conflict in Darfur would create conditions
conducive for delivery of such assistance, and alarmed that the violence in Darfur
nonetheless continues,
     Taking note of the Secretary-General’s reports of 31 January 2005 (S/2005/57
and Add.1), 4 February 2005 (S/2005/68), and 4 March 2005 (S/2005/140) as well
as the report of 25 January 2005 of the International Commission of Inquiry
(S/2005/60),
     Taking note of the request of the parties to the Comprehensive Peace
Agreement for the establishment of a peace support mission,
     Expressing appreciation for the important contributions of the Standby High
Readiness Brigade (SHIRBRIG) towards the planning, preparation, and initial
deployment of a peacekeeping operation, as well as the preparatory work by the
United Nations Advance Mission in Sudan,
      Determining that the situation in Sudan continues to constitute a threat to
international peace and security,
      1.    Decides to establish the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) for
an initial period of 6 months and further decides that UNMIS will consist of up to
10,000 military personnel and an appropriate civilian component including up to
715 civilian police personnel;
      2.   Requests that UNMIS closely and continuously liaise and coordinate at
all levels with the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) with a view towards
expeditiously reinforcing the effort to foster peace in Darfur, especially with regard
to the Abuja peace process and the African Union Mission in Sudan;
      3.    Requests the Secretary-General, through his Special Representative for
Sudan, to coordinate all the activities of the United Nations system in Sudan, to
mobilize resources and support from the international community for both
immediate assistance and the long-term economic development of Sudan, and to
facilitate coordination with other international actors, in particular the African
Union and IGAD, of activities in support of the transitional process established by
the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, and to provide good offices and political
support for the efforts to resolve all ongoing conflicts in Sudan;
     4.     Decides that the mandate of UNMIS shall be the following:
     (a) To support implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement by
performing the following tasks:
     (i) To monitor and verify the implementation of the Ceasefire Agreement
     and to investigate violations;
     (ii)   To liaise with bilateral donors on the formation of Joint Integrated Units;
     (iii) To observe and monitor movement of armed groups and redeployment of
     forces in the areas of UNMIS deployment in accordance with the Ceasefire
     Agreement;
     (iv) To assist in the establishment of the disarmament, demobilization and
     reintegration programme as called for in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement,

                                                                                3

S/RES/1590 (2005)

                    with particular attention to the special needs of women and child combatants,
                    and its implementation through voluntary disarmament and weapons collection
                    and destruction;
                    (v) To assist the parties to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in
                    promoting understanding of the peace process and the role of UNMIS by
                    means of an effective public information campaign, targeted at all sectors of
                    society, in coordination with the African Union;
                    (vi) To assist the parties to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, in
                    addressing the need for a national inclusive approach, including the role of
                    women, towards reconciliation and peacebuilding;
                    (vii) To assist the parties to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, in
                    coordination with bilateral and multilateral assistance programmes, in
                    restructuring the police service in Sudan, consistent with democratic policing,
                    to develop a police training and evaluation programme, and to otherwise assist
                    in the training of civilian police;
                    (viii) To assist the parties to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in
                    promoting the rule of law, including an independent judiciary, and the
                    protection of human rights of all people of Sudan through a comprehensive
                    and coordinated strategy with the aim of combating impunity and contributing
                    to long-term peace and stability and to assist the parties to the Comprehensive
                    Peace Agreement to develop and consolidate the national legal framework;
                    (ix) To ensure an adequate human rights presence, capacity, and expertise
                    within UNMIS to carry out human rights promotion, civilian protection, and
                    monitoring activities;
                    (x) To provide guidance and technical assistance to the parties to the
                    Comprehensive Peace Agreement, in cooperation with other international
                    actors, to support the preparations for and conduct of elections and referenda
                    provided for by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement;
                    (b) To facilitate and coordinate, within its capabilities and in its areas of
               deployment, the voluntary return of refugees and internally displaced persons, and
               humanitarian assistance, inter alia, by helping to establish the necessary security
               conditions;
                    (c) To assist the parties to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in
               cooperation with other international partners in the mine action sector, by providing
               humanitarian demining assistance, technical advice, and coordination;
                     (d) To contribute towards international efforts to protect and promote human
               rights in Sudan, as well as to coordinate international efforts towards the protection
               of civilians with particular attention to vulnerable groups including internally
               displaced persons, returning refugees, and women and children, within UNMIS’s
               capabilities and in close cooperation with other United Nations agencies, related
               organizations, and non-governmental organizations;
                     5.   Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council within 30 days
               on options for how UNMIS can reinforce the effort to foster peace in Darfur through
               appropriate assistance to AMIS, including logistical support and technical
               assistance, and to identify ways in liaison with the AU to utilize UNMIS’s

4

                                                                                S/RES/1590 (2005)

resources, particularly logistical and operations support elements, as well as reserve
capacity towards this end;
      6.    Calls upon all parties to cooperate fully in the deployment and operations
of UNMIS, in particular by guaranteeing the safety, security and freedom of
movement of United Nations personnel as well as associated personnel throughout
the territory of Sudan;
      7.    Emphasizes that there can be no military solution to the conflict in
Darfur, and calls upon the Government of Sudan and the rebel groups, particularly
the Justice and Equality Movement and the Sudanese Liberation Army/Movement to
resume the Abuja talks rapidly without preconditions and negotiate in good faith to
speedily reach agreement, and urges the parties to the Comprehensive Peace
Agreement to play an active and constructive role in support of the Abuja talks and
take immediate steps to support a peaceful settlement to the conflict in Darfur;
     8.    Calls upon all Member States to ensure the free, unhindered and
expeditious movement to Sudan of all personnel, as well as equipment, provisions,
supplies and other goods, including vehicles and spare parts, which are for the
exclusive and official use of UNMIS;
      9.   Calls upon all parties to ensure, in accordance with relevant provisions of
international law, the full, safe and unhindered access of relief personnel to all those
in need and delivery of humanitarian assistance, in particular to internally displaced
persons and refugees;
      10. Requests that the Secretary-General transfer all functions performed by
the special political mission in Sudan (UNAMIS) to UNMIS, together with staff and
logistics of the office as appropriate, on the date when UNMIS is established, and to
ensure a seamless transition between the United Nations and existing monitoring
missions, namely the Verification Monitoring Team, the Joint Monitoring Mission,
and the Civilian Protection Monitoring Team;
      11. Requests the Secretary-General to keep the Council regularly informed of
the progress in implementing the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, respect for the
ceasefire, and the implementation of the mandate of UNMIS, including a review of
the troop level, with a view to its adjusted reduction, taking account of the progress
made on the ground and the tasks remaining to be accomplished and to report to the
Council in this regard every three months;
     12. Requests that the Secretary-General continue to report on a monthly basis
on the situation in Darfur;
      13. Urges the Joint Assessment Mission of the United Nations, the World
Bank, and the parties, in association with other bilateral and multilateral donors, to
continue their efforts to prepare for the rapid delivery of an assistance package for
the reconstruction and economic development of Sudan, including official
development assistance and trade access, to be implemented once implementation of
the Comprehensive Peace Agreement begins, and welcomes the initiative of the
Government of Norway to convene an international donors’ conference for the
reconstruction and economic development of Sudan, and urges the international
community accordingly to donate generously, including to address the needs of
internally displaced persons and refugees;

                                                                                5

S/RES/1590 (2005)

                     14. Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary measures to achieve
               actual compliance in UNMIS with the United Nations zero-tolerance policy on
               sexual exploitation and abuse, including the development of strategies and
               appropriate mechanisms to prevent, identify and respond to all forms of misconduct,
               including sexual exploitation and abuse, and the enhancement of training for
               personnel to prevent misconduct and ensure full compliance with the United Nations
               code of conduct, requests the Secretary-General to take all necessary action in
               accordance with the Secretary-General’s Bulletin on special measures for protection
               from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST/SGB/2003/13) and to keep the
               Council informed, and urges troop-contributing countries to take appropriate
               preventive action including the conduct of pre-deployment awareness training, and
               to take disciplinary action and other action to ensure full accountability in cases of
               such conduct involving their personnel;
                     15. Reaffirms the importance of appropriate expertise on issues relating to
               gender in peacekeeping operations and post-conflict peacebuilding in accordance
               with resolution 1325 (2000), recalls the need to address violence against women and
               girls as a tool of warfare, and encourages UNMIS as well as the Sudanese parties to
               actively address these issues;
                    16.   Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                    (i) Decides that UNMIS is authorized to take the necessary action, in the
                    areas of deployment of its forces and as it deems within its capabilities, to
                    protect United Nations personnel, facilities, installations, and equipment,
                    ensure the security and freedom of movement of United Nations personnel,
                    humanitarian workers, joint assessment mechanism and assessment and
                    evaluation commission personnel, and, without prejudice to the responsibility
                    of the Government of Sudan, to protect civilians under imminent threat of
                    physical violence; and
                    (ii) Requests that the Secretary-General and the Government of Sudan,
                    following appropriate consultation with the Sudan People’s Liberation
                    Movement, conclude a status-of-forces agreement within 30 days of adoption
                    of the resolution, taking into consideration General Assembly resolution 58/82
                    on the scope of legal protection under the Convention on the Safety of United
                    Nations and Associated Personnel, and notes that pending the conclusion of
                    such an agreement, the model status-of-forces agreement dated 9 October 1990
                    (A/45/594), shall apply provisionally;
                    17. Underscores the immediate need to rapidly increase the number of
               human rights monitors in Darfur, and urges the Secretary-General and the High
               Commissioner for Human Rights to undertake to accelerate the deployment of
               human rights monitors to Darfur and augment their numbers and also to move
               forward with the formation of civilian monitoring protection teams, and expects that
               the Secretary-General will report on progress on the formation of these teams in his
               reports to the Security Council as outlined in paragraph 11;
                    18.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

6

Security Council resolution 1590 (2005) [on establishment of the UN Mission in Sudan (UNMIS)]

S/60 [160] SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/60 [161] UN MISSION IN THE SUDAN

UN Mission in Sudan > Establishment|African Union Mission in the Sudan|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General for the Sudan|African Union|Intergovernmental Authority on Development|UN Mission in Sudan > Terms of reference|Sudan Justice and Equality Movement|Sudan People's Liberation Army|UN Advance Mission in the Sudan|Joint Assessment Mission [in the Sudan]|IBRD|UN High Commissioner for Human Rights|Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the Government of the Republic of the Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Sudan People's Liberation Army (2005)|Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel (1994)|Model Status-of-Forces Agreement for Peace-keeping Operations (1990)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|PEACEMAKING|POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION|INTERNAL SECURITY|HUMAN RIGHTS MONITORING|DARFUR (SUDAN)|SUDAN|MILITARY PERSONNEL|CIVILIAN PERSONS|POLICE|COORDINATION WITHIN UN SYSTEM|RESOURCES MOBILIZATION|ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE|DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE|COOPERATION BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONS|GOOD OFFICES|REPORT PREPARATION|LOGISTICS|TECHNICAL COOPERATION|STAFF SECURITY|FIELD STAFF|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT|NEGOTIATION|DISPUTE SETTLEMENT|RELIEF PERSONNEL|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|SPECIAL MISSIONS|CEASEFIRES|PERIODIC REPORTS|EMERGENCY RELIEF|DONOR COUNTRIES|DISPLACED PERSONS|SUDANESE REFUGEES|SEX CRIMES|GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE|STANDARDS OF CONDUCT|CODES OF CONDUCT|TROOP-CONTRIBUTING STATES|CONSULTATIONS

Northern Africa|Northern Europe|Sub-Saharan Africa


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/1591 (2005)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               29 March 2005

               Resolution 1591 (2005)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5153rd meeting, on
               29 March 2005

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolutions 1547 (2004) of 11 June 2004, 1556 (2004) of 30 July
               2004, 1564 (2004) of 18 September 2004, 1574 (2004) of 19 November 2004, 1585
               (2005) of 10 March 2005, 1588 (2005) of 17 March 2005, and 1590 of 24 March
               2005, and statements of its President concerning Sudan,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to the sovereignty, unity, independence and
               territorial integrity of Sudan, and recalling the importance of the principles of good
               neighbourliness, non-interference and regional cooperation,
                    Recalling the commitments made by the parties in the 8 April N’djamena
               Ceasefire Agreement and the 9 November 2004 Abuja Humanitarian and Security
               Protocols between the Government of Sudan, the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army
               (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), and recalling the
               commitments made in the Joint Communique of 3 July 2004 between the
               Government of Sudan and the Secretary-General,
                   Welcoming the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the
               Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army
               (SPLM/A) in Nairobi, Kenya on 9 January 2005,
                     Recognizing that the parties to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement must
               build on the Agreement to bring peace and stability to the entire country, and calling
               on all Sudanese parties, in particular those party to the Comprehensive Peace
               Agreement, to take immediate steps to achieve a peaceful settlement to the conflict
               in Darfur and to take all necessary action to prevent further violations of human
               rights and international humanitarian law and to put an end to impunity, including in
               the Darfur region,
                     Expressing its utmost concern over the dire consequences of the prolonged
               conflict for the civilian population in the Darfur region as well as throughout Sudan,
               in particular the increase in the number of refugees and internally displaced persons,
                     Considering that the voluntary and sustainable return of refugees and
               internally displaced persons will be a critical factor for the consolidation of the
               peace process,

05-28789 (E)
*0528789*

S/RES/1591 (2005)

                     Expressing also its deep concern for the security of humanitarian workers and
               their access to populations in need, including refugees, internally displaced persons
               and other war-affected populations,
                    Condemning the continued violations of the N’djamena Ceasefire Agreement
               of 8 April 2004 and the Abuja Protocols of 9 November 2004 by all sides in Darfur
               and the deterioration of the security situation and negative impact this has had on
               humanitarian assistance efforts,
                     Strongly condemning all violations of human rights and international
               humanitarian law in the Darfur region, in particular the continuation of violence
               against civilians and sexual violence against women and girls since the adoption of
               resolution 1574 (2004), urging all parties to take necessary steps to prevent further
               violations, and expressing its determination to ensure that those responsible for all
               such violations are identified and brought to justice without delay,
                     Recognizing that international support for implementation of the
               Comprehensive Peace Agreement is critically important to its success, emphasizing
               that progress towards resolution of the conflict in Darfur would create conditions
               conducive for delivery of such assistance, and alarmed that the violence in Darfur
               nonetheless continues,
                    Recalling the demands, in resolutions 1556 (2004), 1564 (2004), and
               1574 (2004), that all parties to the conflict in Darfur refrain from any violence
               against civilians and cooperate fully with the African Union Mission in Darfur,
                     Welcoming the 16 February 2005 N’djamena Summit on Darfur and the
               continued commitment of the African Union to play a key role in facilitating a
               resolution to the conflict in Darfur in all respects, and the announcement by the
               Government of Sudan on 16 February 2005 that it would take immediate steps,
               including withdrawal of its forces from Labado, Qarifa, and Marla in Darfur, and the
               withdrawal of its Antonov aircraft from Darfur,
                     Commending the efforts of the African Union, in particular its Chairman,
               acknowledging the progress made by the African Union in the deployment of an
               international protection force, police, and military observers, and calling on all
               member states to contribute generously and urgently to the African Union Mission
               in Darfur,
                     Reaffirming its resolutions 1325 (2000) on women, peace, and security,
               1379 (2001) and 1460 (2003) on children in armed conflicts, as well as resolutions
               1265 (1999) and 1296 (2000) on the protection of civilians in armed conflicts and
               resolution 1502 (2003) on the protection of humanitarian and UN personnel,
                     Taking note of the Secretary-General’s reports of 31 January 2005 (S/2005/57
               and Add.1), 3 December 2004 (S/2004/947), 4 February 2005 (S/2005/68), and
               4 March 2005 (S/2005/140), as well as the report of 25 January 2005 of the
               International Commission of Inquiry (S/2005/60),
                     Determining that the situation in Sudan continues to constitute a threat to
               international peace and security,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                    1.   Deplores strongly that the Government of Sudan and rebel forces and all
               other armed groups in Darfur have failed to comply fully with their commitments

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                                                                                S/RES/1591 (2005)

and the demands of the Council referred to in resolutions 1556 (2004), 1564 (2004),
and 1574 (2004), condemns the continued violations of the 8 April 2004 N’djamena
Ceasefire Agreement and the 9 November 2004 Abuja Protocols, including air
strikes by the Government of Sudan in December 2004 and January 2005 and rebel
attacks on Darfur villages in January 2005, and the failure of the Government of
Sudan to disarm Janjaweed militiamen and apprehend and bring to justice
Janajaweed leaders and their associates who have carried out human rights and
international humanitarian law violations and other atrocities, and demands that all
parties take immediate steps to fulfil all their commitments to respect the N’djamena
Ceasefire Agreement and the Abuja Protocols, including notification of force
positions, to facilitate humanitarian assistance, and to cooperate fully with the
African Union Mission;
      2.    Emphasizes that there can be no military solution to the conflict in
Darfur, and calls upon the Government of Sudan and the rebel groups, particularly
the Justice and Equality Movement and the Sudanese Liberation Movement/Army to
resume the Abuja talks rapidly without preconditions and negotiate in good faith to
speedily reach agreement, and urges the parties to the Comprehensive Peace
Agreement to play an active and constructive role in support of the Abuja talks and
take immediate steps to support a peaceful settlement to the conflict in Darfur;
       3.    Decides, in light of the failure of all parties to the conflict in Darfur to
fulfil their commitments,
     (a) to establish, in accordance with rule 28 of its provisional rules of
procedure, a Committee of the Security Council consisting of all the members of the
Council (herein “the Committee”), to undertake to following tasks:
     i.    to monitor implementation of the measures referred to in subparagraphs
     (d) and (e) of this paragraph and paragraphs 7 and 8 of resolution 1556 (2004),
     and paragraph 7 below;
     ii.  to designate those individuals subject to the measures imposed by
     subparagraphs (d) and (e) of this paragraph and to consider requests for
     exemptions in accordance with subparagraphs (f) and (g);
     iii. to establish such guidelines as may be necessary to facilitate the
     implementation of the measures imposed by subparagraphs (d) and (e);
     iv.   to report at least every 90 days to the Security Council on its work;
     v.   to consider requests from and, as appropriate, provide prior approval to
     the Government of Sudan for the movement of military equipment and
     supplies into the Darfur region in accordance with paragraph 7 below;
     vi. to assess reports from the Panel of Experts established under
     subparagraph (b) of this paragraph, and Member States, in particular those in
     the region, on specific steps they are taking to implement the measures
     imposed by subparagraphs (d) and (e) and paragraph 7 below;
     vii. to encourage a dialogue between the Committee and interested Member
     States, in particular those in the region, including by inviting representatives of
     such States to meet with the Committee to discuss implementation of the
     measures;

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S/RES/1591 (2005)

                     (b) to request the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Committee, to
               appoint for a period of six months, within 30 days of adoption of this resolution, a
               Panel of Experts comprised of four members and based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to
               travel regularly to El-Fasher, Sudan and other locations in Sudan, and to operate
               under the direction of the Committee to undertake the following tasks:
                    i.   to assist the Committee in monitoring implementation of the measures in
                    subparagraphs (d) and (e), paragraphs 7 and 8 of resolution 1556 (2004), and
                    paragraph 7 of this resolution, and to make recommendations to the Committee
                    on actions the Council may want to consider;
                    ii.   to provide a mid-term briefing on its work to the Committee, and an
                    interim report no later than 90 days after adoption of this resolution, and a
                    final report no later than 30 days prior to termination of its mandate to the
                    Council through the Committee with its findings and recommendations; and
                    iii. to coordinate its activities as appropriate with ongoing operations of the
                    African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS);
                     (c) that those individuals, as designated by the Committee established by
               subparagraph (a) above, based on the information provided by Member States, the
               Secretary-General, the High Commissioner for Human Rights or the Panel of
               Experts established under subparagraph (b) of this paragraph above, and other
               relevant sources, who impede the peace process, constitute a threat to stability in
               Darfur and the region, commit violations of international humanitarian or human
               rights law or other atrocities, violate the measures implemented by Member States
               in accordance with paragraphs 7 and 8 of resolution 1556 (2004) and paragraph 7 of
               this resolution as implemented by a state, or are responsible for offensive military
               overflights described in paragraph 6 of this resolution, shall be subject to the
               measures identified in subparagraphs (d) and (e) below;
                     (d) that all States shall take the necessary measures to prevent entry into or
               transit through their territories of all persons as designated by the Committee
               pursuant to subparagraph (c) above, provided that nothing in this paragraph shall
               obligate a State to refuse entry into its territory to its own nationals;
                     (e) that all States shall freeze all funds, financial assets and economic
               resources that are on their territories on the date of adoption of this resolution or at
               any time thereafter, that are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the
               persons designated by the Committee pursuant to subparagraph (c) above, or that are
               held by entities owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such persons or by
               persons acting on their behalf or at their direction, and decides further that all States
               shall ensure that no funds, financial assets or economic resources are made available
               by their nationals or by any persons within their territories to or for the benefit of
               such persons or entities;
                    (f) that the measures imposed by subparagraph (d) above shall not apply
               where the Committee established by subparagraph (a) above determines on a case
               by case basis that such travel is justified on the ground of humanitarian need,
               including religious obligation, or where the Committee concludes that an exemption
               would otherwise further the objectives of the Council’s resolutions for the creation
               of peace and stability in Sudan and the region;

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     (g) that the measures imposed by subparagraph (e) of this resolution do not
apply to funds, other financial assets and economic resources that:
     i.    have been determined by relevant States to be necessary for basic
     expenses, including payment for foodstuffs, rent or mortgage, medicines and
     medical treatment, taxes, insurance premiums, and public utility charges or for
     payment of reasonable professional fees and reimbursement of incurred
     expenses associated with the provision of legal services, or fees or service
     charges, in accordance with national laws, for routine holding or maintenance
     of frozen funds, other financial assets and economic resources, after
     notification by the relevant States to the Committee of the intention to
     authorize, where appropriate, access to such funds, other financial assets and
     economic resources and in the absence of a negative decision by the
     Committee within two working days of such notification;
     ii.   have been determined by relevant States to be necessary for
     extraordinary expenses, provided that such determination has been notified by
     the relevant States to the Committee and has been approved by the Committee,
     or
     iii. have been determined by relevant States to be the subject of a judicial,
     administrative or arbitral lien or judgment, in which case the funds, or other
     financial assets and economic resources may be used to satisfy that lien or
     judgment provided that the lien or judgment was entered prior to the date of
     the present resolution, is not for the benefit of a person or entity designated by
     the Committee, and has been notified by the relevant States to the Committee;
     4.    Decides that the measures referred to in subparagraphs 3 (d) and (e) shall
enter into force 30 days from the date of adoption of this resolution, unless the
Security Council determines before then that the parties to the conflict in Darfur
have complied with all the commitments and demands referred to in paragraph 1
above and paragraph 6 below;
      5.   Expresses its readiness to consider the modification or termination of the
measures under paragraph 3, on the recommendation of the Committee or at the end
of a period of 12 months from the date of adoption of this resolution, or earlier if the
Security Council determines before then that the parties to the conflict in Darfur
have complied with all the commitments and demands referred to in paragraph 1
above and paragraph 6 below;
      6.   Demands that the Government of Sudan, in accordance with its
commitments under the 8 April 2004 N’djamena Ceasefire Agreement and the
9 November 2004 Abuja Security Protocol, immediately cease conducting offensive
military flights in and over the Darfur region, and invites the African Union
Ceasefire Commission to share pertinent information as appropriate in this regard
with the Secretary-General, the Committee, or the Panel of Experts established
under paragraph 3 (b);
      7.    Reaffirms the measures imposed by paragraphs 7 and 8 of resolution
1556 (2004), and decides that these measures shall immediately upon adoption of
this resolution, also apply to all the parties to the N’djamena Ceasefire Agreement
and any other belligerents in the states of North Darfur, South Darfur and West
Darfur; decides that these measures shall not apply to the supplies and related
technical training and assistance listed in paragraph 9 of resolution 1556 (2004);

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               decides that these measures shall not apply with respect to assistance and supplies
               provided in support of implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement;
               further decides that these measures shall not apply to movements of military
               equipment and supplies into the Darfur region that are approved in advance by the
               Committee established under paragraph 3 (a) upon a request by the Government of
               Sudan; and invites the African Union Ceasefire Commission to share pertinent
               information as appropriate in this regard with the Secretary-General, the Committee,
               or the Panel of Experts established under paragraph 3 (b);
                     8.   Reiterates that, in the event the parties fail to fulfil their commitments
               and demands as outlined in paragraphs 1 and 6, and the situation in Darfur continues
               to deteriorate, the Council will consider further measures as provided for in Article
               41 of the Charter of the United Nations;
                    9.    Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 1591 (2005) [on establishment of a Security Council Committee to monitor implementation of the measures in Darfur]

Janjaweed (Sudan)|Sudan Justice and Equality Movement|Sudan People's Liberation Movement|Sudan People's Liberation Army|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1591 (2005) concerning the Sudan > Establishment|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1591 (2005) concerning the Sudan > Terms of reference|UN. Panel of Experts Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1591 (2005)|African Union Mission in the Sudan|African Union Ceasefire Commission|N'Djamena Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement [between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and the Sudan Justice and Equality Movement] (2004)|N'Djamena Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement [between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and the Sudan Justice and Equality Movement] (2004). Protocols, etc., 2004 Nov. 9|Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the Government of the Republic of the Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Sudan People's Liberation Army (2005)|Charter of the United Nations (1945)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|INTERNAL SECURITY|MILITARY ACTIVITY|CEASEFIRES|TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS|DARFUR (SUDAN)|SUDAN|SANCTIONS|SUDAN|CRIMINAL JUSTICE|HUMAN RIGHTS MONITORING|HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS|HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|NEGOTIATION|DISPUTE SETTLEMENT|AIR TRANSPORT|GROUPS OF EXPERTS|EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES|TECHNICAL TRAINING|INFORMATION EXCHANGE