               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2184 (2014)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                12 November 2014

               Resolution 2184 (2014)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 7309th meeting, on
               12 November 2014

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions concerning the situation in Somalia,
               especially resolutions 1814 (2008), 1816 (2008), 1 838 (2008), 1844 (2008), 1846
               (2008), 1851 (2008), 1897 (2009), 1918 (2010), 1950 (2010), 1976 (2011), 2015
               (2011), 2020 (2011), 2077 (2012) and 2125 (2013), as well as the Statement of its
               President (S/PRST/2010/16) of 25 August 2010 and (S/PRST/2012/24) of
               19 November 2012,
                     Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General (S/2014/740), as requested by
               resolution 2125 (2013), on the implementation of that resolution and on the
               situation with respect to piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia,
                    Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political
               independence, and unity of Somalia, including Somalia’s sovereign rights in
               accordance with international law, with respect to offshore natural resources,
               including fisheries,
                    While noting that the joint counter-piracy efforts of States, regions,
               organizations, the maritime industry, the private sector, think tanks, and civil society
               have resulted in a sharp decline in pirate attacks as well as hijackings since 2011,
               continuing to be gravely concerned by the on-going threat that piracy and armed
               robbery at sea pose to the prompt, safe, and effective delivery of humanitarian aid to
               Somalia and the region, to the safety of seafarers and other persons, to international
               navigation and the safety of commercial maritime routes, and to other ships,
               including fishing activities in conformity with international law, and also gravely
               concerned by the extended range of the piracy threat into the western Indian Ocean
               and adjacent sea areas and increased pirate capacities,
                     Expressing concern about the reported involvement of children in piracy off
               the coast of Somalia, reported sexual exploitation of women and girls in areas
               controlled by pirates, as well as their reported coercion to participate in activities
               that support piracy,
                    Recognizing the need to investigate and prosecute not only suspects captured
               at sea, but also anyone who incites or intentionally facilitates piracy operations,
               including key figures of criminal networks involved in piracy who plan, organize,

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               facilitate, or illicitly finance or profit from such attacks, and reiterating its concern
               over persons suspected of piracy having been released without facing justice,
               reaffirming that the failure to prosecute persons responsible for acts of piracy and
               armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia undermines anti -piracy efforts,
                     Further reaffirming that international law, as reflected in the United Nations
               Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 (“The Convention”), sets
               out the legal framework applicable to activities in the ocean, including countering
               piracy and armed robbery at sea,
                     Underlining the primary responsibility of the Somali authorities in the fight
               against piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, noting the several
               requests from Somali authorities for international assistance to counter pira cy off its
               coast, including the letter of 4 November 2014, from the Permanent Representative
               of Somalia to the United Nations expressing the appreciation of Somali authorities
               to the Security Council for its assistance, expressing their willingness to cons ider
               working with other States and regional organizations to combat piracy and armed
               robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, and requesting that the provisions of
               resolution 2125 (2013) be renewed for an additional twelve months,
                    Welcoming the participation of the Federal Government of Somalia and
               regional partners in the 17th plenary session of the Contact Group on Piracy off the
               Coast of Somalia (CGPCS), hosted by the United Arab Emirates in October 2014,
                     Recognizing the work of the CGPCS to facilitate the prosecution of suspected
               pirates and, to promote the establishment of the Law Enforcement Task Force, an
               on-going network and mechanism for sharing information and evidence between
               investigators and prosecutors, in accordance with international law, welcoming the
               work by the Working Group on Capacity Building of the CGPCS to coordinate
               judicial, penal, and maritime capacity-building efforts to enable regional states to
               better tackle piracy, and welcoming the work by the Working Group on Disrupting
               Pirate Networks Ashore of the CGPCS to disrupt illicit financial flows linked to
               piracy,
                     Welcoming the financing provided by the Trust Fund to Support Initiatives of
               States Combating Piracy off the Coast of Somalia (the Trust Fund) to strengthen
               regional ability to prosecute suspected pirates and imprison those convicted in
               accordance with applicable international human rights law, noting with appreciation
               the assistance provided by the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
               Maritime Crime Programme, and being determined to continue efforts to ensure that
               pirates are held accountable,
                     Commending the efforts of the European Union operation ATALANTA, North
               Atlantic Treaty Organization Operation Ocean Shield, Combined Maritime Forces’
               Combined Task Force 151 commanded by the Republic of Korea followed by New
               Zealand, as well as United States ships assigned to Combined Task Force 151 and
               NATO Task Force 508, the counter-piracy activities of the African Union onshore in
               Somalia and the naval activities of the Southern Africa Development Community,
               and other States acting in a national capacity in cooperation with Somali authorities
               and each other to suppress piracy and to protect ships transiting through the waters
               off the coast of Somalia, and welcoming the Shared Awareness and Deconfliction
               Initiative (SHADE) and the efforts of individual countries, including China, India,
               the Islamic Republic of Iran, Japan, Republic of Korea, and the Russian Federation,

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           which have deployed naval counter-piracy missions in the region, as stated in the
           Secretary-General’s report (S/2014/740),
                 Noting the efforts of flag States for taking measures to permit vessels sailing
           under their flag transiting the High Risk Area (HRA) to e mbark vessel protection
           detachments and privately contracted armed security personnel (PCASP), and
           encouraging States to regulate such activities in accordance with applicable
           international law and permit charters to favour arrangements that make use of su ch
           measures,
                Noting the request of some Member States on the need to review the
           boundaries of the HRA on an objective and transparent basis, taking into account
           actual incidents of piracy, and noting that the HRA is set and defined by the
           insurance and maritime industry,
                 Welcoming the capacity-building efforts in the region made by the
           International Maritime Organization-(IMO)-funded Djibouti Code of Conduct, the
           Trust Fund and the European Union’s activities under EUCAP Nestor, which is
           working with the Federal Government of Somalia to strengthen its criminal justice
           system, and recognizing the need for all engaged international and regional
           organizations to coordinate and cooperate fully,
                 Supporting the development of a coastal police force, noting with appreciation
           the efforts made by the IMO and the shipping industry to develop and update
           guidance, best management practices, and recommendations to assist ships to
           prevent and suppress piracy attacks off the coast of Somalia, including in the Gulf
           of Aden, and the Indian Ocean area, and recognizing the work of the IMO and the
           CGPCS in this regard, noting the efforts of the International Organization for
           Standardization, which has developed industry standards of training and
           certification for Private Maritime Security Companies when providing PCASP on
           board ships in high-risk areas, and further welcoming the European Union’s EUCAP
           Nestor, which is working to develop the sea-going maritime security capacities of
           Somalia, Djibouti, Seychelles, and Tanzania,
                 Noting with concern that the continuing limited capacity and domestic
           legislation to facilitate the custody and prosecution of suspected pirates after their
           capture has hindered more robust international action against the pirates off the
           coast of Somalia, too often has led to pirates being released without facing justice,
           regardless of whether there is sufficient evidence to support prosecution, and
           reiterating that, consistent with the provisions of The Convention concerning the
           repression of piracy, the 1988 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
           Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (“SUA Convention”) provides for parties
           to create criminal offences, establish jurisdiction, and accept delivery of persons
           responsible for or suspected of seizing or exercising control over a ship by force or
           threat thereof or any other form of intimidation,
                Underlining the importance of continuing to enhance the collection,
           preservation, and transmission to competent authorities of evidence of acts of piracy
           and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, and welcoming the on-going
           work of the IMO, INTERPOL, and industry groups to develop guidance to seafarers
           on preservation of crime scenes following acts of piracy, and noting the importance
           of enabling seafarers to give evidence in criminal proceedings to prosecute acts of
           piracy,

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                     Further recognizing that pirate networks continue to rely on kidnapping and
               hostage-taking to help generate funding to purchase weapons, gain recruits, and
               continue their operational activities, thereby jeopardizing the safety and security of
               civilians and restricting the flow of commerce, and welcoming international efforts
               to coordinate the work of investigators and prosecutors, inter alia, through the Law
               Enforcement Task Force and collect and share information to disrupt the pirate
               enterprise, as exemplified by INTERPOL’s Global Database on Maritime Piracy,
               and taking note of the on-going efforts of the Regional Fusion and Law
               Enforcement Centre for Safety and Security at Sea, hosted by Seychelles to combat
               piracy and transnational organized crime,
                     Reaffirming international condemnation of acts of kidnapping and hostage -
               taking, including offences contained within the International Convention against the
               Taking of Hostages, strongly condemning the continuing practice of hostage-taking
               by pirates operating off the coast of Somalia, expressing serious concern at the
               inhumane conditions hostages face in captivity, recognizing the adverse impact on
               their families, calling for the immediate release of all hostages, and noting the
               importance of cooperation between Member States on the issue of hostage -taking
               and the prosecution of suspected pirates for taking hostages,
                     Commending Kenya, Mauritius, Seychelles, and Tanzania for their effo rts to
               prosecute suspected pirates in their national courts, and noting with appreciation the
               assistance provided by the UNODC Maritime Crime Programme, the Trust Fund,
               and other international organizations and donors, in coordination with the CGPCS,
               to support Kenya, Mauritius, Seychelles, Tanzania, Somalia, and other States in the
               region with their efforts to prosecute, or incarcerate in a third State after prosecution
               elsewhere, pirates, including facilitators and financiers ashore, consistent with
               applicable international human rights law, and emphasizing the need for States and
               international organizations to further enhance international efforts in this regard,
                     Welcoming the readiness of the national and regional administrations of
               Somalia to cooperate with each other and with States who have prosecuted
               suspected pirates with a view to enabling convicted pirates to be repatriated back to
               Somalia under suitable prisoner transfer arrangements, consistent with applicable
               international law, including international human rights law, and acknowledging the
               return from Seychelles to Somalia of convicted prisoners willing and eligible to
               serve their sentences in Somalia,
                     Recalling the reports of the Secretary General (S/2011/360 and S/2012/50)
               which illustrate the seriousness of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of
               Somalia and provide useful guidance for the investigation and prosecution of
               pirates, including on specialized anti-piracy courts,
                     Stressing the need for States to consider possible methods to assist the
               seafarers who are victims of pirates, and welcoming in this regard the efforts of the
               “Hostage Support Programme” and the new Piracy Survivor Family Fund launched
               at the recent CGPCS to provide support to hostages during their release and return
               home, as well as to their families throughout the hostage situation,
                     Recognizing the progress made by the CGPCS and UNODC in the use of
               public information tools to raise awareness of the dangers of piracy and highlight
               the best practices to eradicate this criminal phenomenon,

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                 Further noting with appreciation the on-going efforts by UNODC to support
           efforts to enhance Somalia’s maritime security and law enforc ement capacities, also
           noting efforts by UNODC and UNDP and the funding provided by the Trust Fund,
           the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other donors to
           develop regional judicial and law enforcement capacity to investigate, arrest , and
           prosecute suspected pirates and to incarcerate convicted pirates consistent with
           applicable international human rights law,
                 Bearing in mind the Djibouti Code of Conduct concerning the Repression of
           Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in the Western Indian Ocean and the Gulf
           of Aden, noting the operations of information-sharing centres in Yemen, Kenya, and
           Tanzania and the regional maritime training centre in Djibouti, and recognizing the
           efforts of signatory States to develop the appropriate regul atory and legislative
           frameworks to combat piracy, enhance their capacity to patrol the waters of the
           region, interdict suspect vessels, and prosecute suspected pirates,
                 Emphasizing that peace and stability within Somalia, the strengthening of
           State institutions, economic and social development, and respect for human rights
           and the rule of law are necessary to create the conditions for a durable eradication of
           piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, and further emphasizing
           that Somalia’s long-term security rests with the effective development by Somali
           authorities of the Somali National Security Forces,
                Taking note with appreciation the work of the Indian Ocean Rim Association
           (IORA) at the fourteenth meeting of its Council of Ministers t o bolster maritime
           security and safety, including through the announcement of the second Indian Ocean
           Dialogue, which will continue to explore options to enhance counter-piracy
           cooperation, including through improved maritime information -sharing
           arrangements and stronger national legal capacity and laws, encouraging IORA to
           pursue efforts that are complementary to and coordinated with the ongoing work of
           the CGPCS, and welcoming Somalia’s application of membership for IORA as an
           important step towards building closer regional cooperation on maritime security
           and other issues,
                 Recognizing that the ongoing instability in Somalia and the acts of piracy and
           armed robbery at sea off its coast are inextricably linked, and stressing the need to
           continue the comprehensive response by the international community to repress
           piracy and armed robbery at sea and tackle its underlying causes, recognizing the
           need to undertake long-term and sustainable efforts to repress piracy and the need to
           create adequate economic opportunities for the citizens of Somalia,
                 Determining that the incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast
           of Somalia, as well as the activity of pirate groups in Somalia, are an important
           factor exacerbating the situation in Somalia, which co ntinues to constitute a threat
           to international peace and security in the region,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                1.    Reiterates that it condemns and deplores all acts of piracy and armed
           robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia;
                2.   Recognizes that the on-going instability in Somalia is one of the
           underlying causes of the problem of piracy and contributes to the problem of piracy
           and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, while piracy, in turn, exacerbates

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               instability by introducing large amounts of illicit cash that fuels additional crime
               and corruption in Somalia;
                     3.    Stresses the need for a comprehensive response to repress piracy and
               tackle its underlying causes by the international community;
                     4.   Underlines the primary responsibility of Somali authorities in the fight
               against piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia and urgently
               requests the Somali authorities, with assistance from the Secretary-General and
               relevant United Nations entities, to pass a comprehensive set of anti-piracy and
               maritime laws without further delay and establish security forces with clear roles
               and jurisdictions to enforce these laws and to continue to develop, with international
               support as appropriate, the capacity of Somali courts to investigate and prosecute
               persons responsible for acts of piracy and armed robbery, including key figures of
               criminal networks involved in piracy who plan, organize, facilitate, or illicitly
               finance or profit from such attacks, and notes the Proclamation by the President of
               the Federal Republic of Somalia on 30 June 2014 of the Exclusive Economic Zone
               of the Federal Republic of Somalia;
                     5.    Recognizes the need to continue investigating and prosecuting those who
               plan, organize, or illicitly finance or profit from pirate attacks off the coast of
               Somalia, including key figures of criminal networks involved in piracy, urges
               States, working in conjunction with relevant international organizations, to adopt
               legislation to facilitate prosecution of suspected pirates off the coast of Somalia;
                    6.    Calls upon the Somali authorities to interdict, and upon interdiction to
               have mechanisms in place to safely return effects seized by pirates, investigate and
               prosecute pirates and to patrol the territorial waters off the coast of Somalia to
               suppress acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea;
                     7.   Calls upon the Somali authorities to make all efforts to bring to justice
               those who are using Somali territory to plan, facilitate, or undertake criminal acts of
               piracy and armed robbery at sea, and calls upon Member States to assist Somalia, at
               the request of Somali authorities and with notification to the Secretary -General, to
               strengthen maritime capacity in Somalia, including regional authorities and, stresses
               that any measures undertaken pursuant to this paragraph shall be consistent with
               applicable international law, in particular international human rights law;
                    8.    Calls upon States to cooperate also, as appropriate, on the issue of
               hostage taking, and the prosecution of suspected pirates for taking hostages;
                     9.   Calls for the immediate and unconditional release of all seafarers held
               hostage by Somali pirates, and further calls upon the Somali authorities and all
               relevant stakeholders to redouble their efforts to secure t heir safe and immediate
               release;
                     10. Recognizes the need for States, international and regional organizations,
               and other appropriate partners to exchange evidence and information for anti -piracy
               law enforcement purposes with a view to ensuring effective prosecution of
               suspected, and imprisonment of convicted, pirates and with a view to the arrest and
               prosecution of key figures of criminal networks involved in piracy who plan,
               organize, facilitate, or illicitly finance and profit from piracy operations, an d keeps
               under review the possibility of applying targeted sanctions against individuals or
               entities that plan, organize, facilitate, or illicitly finance or profit from piracy

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           operations if they meet the listing criteria set out in paragraph 8, resolution 1844
           (2008); and calls upon all States to cooperate fully with the Somalia and Eritrea
           Monitoring Group, including on information-sharing regarding possible violations
           of the arms embargo or charcoal ban;
                 11. Renews its call upon States and regional organizations that are able to do
           so to take part in the fight against piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of
           Somalia, in particular, consistent with this resolution and international law, by
           deploying naval vessels, arms, and military aircraft, by pr oviding basing and
           logistical support for counter-piracy forces, and by seizing and disposing of boats,
           vessels, arms, and other related equipment used in the commission of piracy and
           armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, or for which there are re asonable
           grounds for suspecting such use;
                12. Highlights the importance of coordination among States and international
           organizations in order to deter acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast
           of Somalia, commends the work of the CGPCS to facilitate such coordination in
           cooperation with the IMO, flag States, and Somali authorities, and urges continued
           support of these efforts;
                 13. Encourages Member States to continue to cooperate with Somali
           authorities in the fight against piracy and armed robbery at sea, notes the primary
           role of Somali authorities in the fight against piracy and armed robbery at sea off
           the coast of Somalia, and decides that, for a further period of twelve months from
           the date of this resolution to renew the authorizations a s set out in paragraph 10 of
           resolution 1846 (2008) and paragraph 6 of resolution 1851 (2008), as renewed by
           paragraph 7 of resolution 1897 (2009), paragraph 7 of resolution 1950 (2010),
           paragraph 9 of resolution 2020 (2011), paragraph 12 of resolution 207 7 (2012), and
           paragraph 12 of resolution 2125 (2013) granted to States and regional organizations
           cooperating with Somali authorities in the fight against piracy and armed robbery at
           sea off the coast of Somalia, for which advance notification has been pro vided by
           Somali authorities to the Secretary-General;
                14. Affirms that the authorizations renewed in this resolution apply only with
           respect to the situation in Somalia and shall not affect the rights, obligations, or
           responsibilities of Member States under international law, including any rights or
           obligations under The Convention with respect to any other situation, and
           underscores in particular that this resolution shall not be considered as establishing
           customary international law; and affirms further that such authorizations have been
           renewed only following the receipt of the 4 November 2014 letter conveying the
           consent of Somali authorities;
                 15. Decides that the arms embargo on Somalia imposed by paragraph 5 of
           resolution 733 (1992) and further elaborated upon by paragraphs 1 and 2 of
           resolution 1425 (2002) and modified by paragraphs 33 to 38 of resolution 2093 does
           not apply to supplies of weapons and military equipment or the provision of
           assistance destined for the sole use of Member States, international, regional, and
           subregional organizations undertaking measures in accordance with paragraph 13
           above;
                 16. Requests that cooperating States take appropriate steps to ensure that the
           activities they undertake pursuant to the authorizations in paragra ph 13 do not have
           the practical effect of denying or impairing the right of innocent passage to the ships
           of any third State;

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                     17. Calls upon all States, and in particular flag, port, and coastal States,
               States of the nationality of victims and perpetrator s of piracy and armed robbery,
               and other States with relevant jurisdiction under international law and national
               legislation, to cooperate in determining jurisdiction and in the investigation and
               prosecution of all persons responsible for acts of piracy and armed robbery off the
               coast of Somalia, including key figures of criminal networks involved in piracy who
               plan, organize, facilitate, or illicitly finance or profit from such attack, consistent
               with applicable international law including international human rights law, to ensure
               that all pirates handed over to judicial authorities are subject to a judicial process,
               and to render assistance by, among other actions, providing disposition and logistics
               assistance with respect to persons under their jurisdiction and control, such as
               victims, witnesses, and persons detained as a result of operations conducted under
               this resolution;
                     18. Calls upon all States to criminalize piracy under their domestic law and
               to favourably consider the prosecution of suspected, a nd imprisonment of those
               convicted, pirates apprehended off the coast of Somalia, and their facilitators and
               financiers ashore, consistent with applicable international law, including
               international human rights law, and decides to keep these matters under review,
               including, as appropriate, the establishment of specialized anti -piracy courts in
               Somalia with substantial international participation and/or support as set forth in
               resolution 2015 (2011), and encourages the CGPCS to continue its discussions in
               this regard;
                    19. Welcomes, in this context, the UNODC Maritime Crime Programme’s
               continued work with authorities in Somalia and in neighbouring States to ensure
               that individuals suspected of piracy are prosecuted and those convicted are
               imprisoned in a manner consistent with international law, including international
               human rights law;
                    20. Urges all States to take appropriate actions under their existing domestic
               law to prevent the illicit financing of acts of piracy and the laundering of its
               proceeds;
                    21. Urges States, in cooperation with INTERPOL and Europol, to further
               investigate international criminal networks involved in piracy off the coast of
               Somalia, including those responsible for illicit financing and facilitation;
                    22. Urges all States to ensure that counter-piracy activities, particularly landbased activities, take into consideration the need to protect women and girls from
               exploitation, including sexual exploitation;
                    23. Commends INTERPOL for operationalizing a global piracy database that
               consolidates information about piracy off the coast of Somalia and facilitates the
               development of actionable analysis for law enforcement, and urges all States to
               share such information with INTERPOL for use in the database, through appropriate
               channels;
                    24. Commends the contributions of the Trust Fund and the IMO-funded
               Djibouti Code of Conduct and urges both state and non-State actors affected by
               piracy, most notably the international shipping community, to contribute to them;
                    25. Urges States parties to The Convention and the SUA Convention to
               implement fully their relevant obligations under these conventions and customary

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           international law and to cooperate with the UNODC, IMO, and other States and
           international organizations to build judicial capacity for the successful prosecution
           of persons suspected of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia;
                 26. Acknowledges the recommendations and guidance provided by the IMO
           on preventing and suppressing piracy and armed robbery at sea; and urges States, in
           collaboration with the shipping and insurance industries and the IMO, to continue to
           develop and implement avoidance, evasion, and defensive best practices and
           advisories to take when under attack or when sailing in the waters off the coast o f
           Somalia, and further urges States to make their citizens and vessels available for
           forensic investigation as appropriate at the first suitable port of call immediately
           following an act or attempted act of piracy or armed robbery at sea or release from
           captivity;
                27. Encourages flag States and port States to further consider the
           development of safety and security measures on board vessels, including, where
           applicable, developing regulations for the use of PCASP on board ships, aimed at
           preventing and suppressing piracy off the coast of Somalia, through a consultative
           process, including through the IMO and ISO;
                 28. Invites the IMO to continue its contributions to the prevention and
           suppression of acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships, in coordinat ion, in
           particular, with the UNODC, the World Food Program (WFP), the shipping industry,
           and all other parties concerned, and recognizes the IMO’s role concerning privately
           contracted armed security personnel on board ships in high-risk areas;
                 29. Notes the importance of securing the safe delivery of WFP assistance by
           sea, and welcomes the on-going work by the WFP, EU operation ATALANTA, and
           flag States with regard to Vessel Protection Detachments on WFP vessels;
                 30. Requests States and regional organizations cooperating with Somali
           authorities to inform the Security Council and the Secretary-General in nine months
           of the progress of actions undertaken in the exercise of the authorizations provided
           in paragraph 13 above and further requests all States co ntributing through the
           CGPCS to the fight against piracy off the coast of Somalia, including Somalia and
           other States in the region, to report by the same deadline on their efforts to establish
           jurisdiction and cooperation in the investigation and prosecution of piracy;
                 31. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council within
           eleven months of the adoption of this resolution on the implementation of this
           resolution and on the situation with respect to piracy and armed robbery at sea off
           the coast of Somalia;
                 32. Expresses its intention to review the situation and consider, as
           appropriate, renewing the authorizations provided in paragraph 13 above for
           additional periods upon the request of Somali authority;
                33.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2184 (2014) [on acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia]

INTERPOL|UN Office on Drugs and Crime|UN. Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia|IMO|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|TERRITORIAL SEA|PIRACY|SOMALIA|MARITIME SECURITY|HIJACKING OF SHIPS|ROBBERY|SOMALIA SITUATION|CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION|PROSECUTION|CAPACITY BUILDING

Eastern Asia|Eastern Europe|Northern Europe|Southern Asia|Sub-Saharan Africa|Western Asia

United Arab Emirates|China|Djibouti|Eritrea|United Kingdom|India|Iran, Islamic Republic of|Japan|Kenya|Korea, Republic of|Mauritius|Russian Federation|Somalia|Seychelles|Tanzania, United Republic of|Yemen


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2185 (2014)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                20 November 2014

               Resolution 2185 (2014)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 7317th meeting, on
               20 November 2014

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling its primary responsibility under the Charter of the United Nations
               for the maintenance of international peace and security,
                    Recalling its resolutions 2151 (2014) on security sector reform, 2167 (2014)
               and 2086 (2013) on United Nations peacekeeping operations, 1894 (2009) on the
               protection of civilians, 1325 (2000) and all subsequent resolutions on women, peace
               and security, 2143 (2014) and previous resolutions on children and armed conflict,
               2117 (2013) on small arms and light weapons, and the statements of its President of
               21 February 2014 on the rule of law (S/PRST/2014/5) and 20 December 2012 on
               post-conflict peacebuilding (S/PRST/2012/29), as well as other relevant resolutions
               and statements of its President,
                     Reiterating the need for a comprehensive approach to conflict prevention and
               sustainable peace, which comprises operational and structural measures for the
               prevention of armed conflict and addresses its root causes, including through
               strengthening the rule of law at international and national levels and pro moting
               sustained economic growth, poverty eradication, social development, sustainable
               development, national reconciliation, good governance, democracy, gender equality
               and respect for, and protection of, human rights,
                     Stressing that the success of the mandates of peacekeeping operations and
               special political missions requires close cooperation between the different elements
               of these missions under the overall leadership of the Head of Mission,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to uphold the purposes and principles of the
               Charter of the United Nations, including its commitment to and respect for the
               principles of political independence, sovereign equality and territorial integrity of
               all States in conducting all peacekeeping activities and the need for States t o comply
               with their obligations under international law,
                    Reaffirming that respect for the basic principles of peacekeeping, including
               consent of the parties, impartiality, and non-use of force, except in self-defence and
               defence of the mandate, is essential to the success of peacekeeping operations,

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                     Recognizing that the mandate of each peacekeeping operation and special
               political mission is specific to the needs and situation of the country concerned,
                    Reaffirming the principles of impartiality, consent of the parties, national
               ownership and national responsibility, and stressing the significance of the views of
               and dialogue with countries hosting special political missions,
                    Noting that host-State policing institutions are often the primary link betwe en
               the government and communities on security issues, and reiterating that
               professional, effective, accountable, and accessible law enforcement, corrections,
               and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundation for sustainable peace
               and national development,
                     Acknowledging the significant growth in the role of Police Components as an
               integral part of United Nations peacekeeping operations and special political
               missions, and the increasingly diverse and complex policing-related tasks in the
               mandates of such operations and missions, noting that Police Components can
               include both uniformed United Nations Police officers and civilian policing experts,
               noting the distinct roles performed by Individual Police Officers (IPOs) and Formed
               Police Units (FPUs) and the increasing demand for these different capacities,
               stressing that use of these capacities should be based on the situation and the needs
               of the host State and noting the necessity of aligning tasks of United Nations police
               components with missions’ mandated tasks,
                     Stressing that United Nations policing-related work makes an invaluable
               contribution to peacekeeping, post-conflict peacebuilding, security, the rule of law,
               and the creation of a basis for development,
                    Recalling that policing-related aspects of mandates of United Nations
               peacekeeping operations and special political missions may include support for the
               reform, restructuring and development of host State policing and other law
               enforcement institutions; providing operational support to host-State policing and
               other law enforcement institutions; and conducting interim policing and other law
               enforcement,
                    Underlining the importance of close coordination of the range of United
               Nations policing activities, both at headquarters and in the fi eld, in particular
               between Security Council-mandated missions and the United Nations Country
               Team, as appropriate, and encouraging relevant United Nations entities mandated to
               undertake policing activities to work through existing coordination mechanisms, as
               appropriate,
                     Noting that United Nations Police Components face a range of challenges,
               including a need for specialized skills and equipment and to ensure a unified
               policing approach, given the various policing models across police -contributing
               countries,
                    Recalling reports of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations of the
               General Assembly which have provided guidance to the United Nations Secretariat
               on the subject of United Nations policing, including the development of a United
               Nations standardized approach to policing, and recognising the inclusive
               consultative process undertaken by the Police Division of the United Nations
               Department of Peacekeeping Operations in the development of the Strategic
               Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping,

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                 Emphasizing the importance of Member States contributing police with
           professional skills, experience and expertise to carry out the mandated tasks, who
           are appropriately trained and vetted and, where appropriate, operationally ready and
           deployed with the full complement of contingent-owned equipment, welcoming
           cooperation between the United Nations, police-contributing countries, other
           member states and relevant regional and international organizations to help ensure
           FPUs are properly trained and equipped, and underscoring the importance of such
           cooperation,
                 Noting the increasing use of modern technologies by United Nations Police
           Components, including information and communication technologies such as closed
           circuit television, specialized crime data software and geographic information
           mapping systems, and other technologies such as advanced metal detectors,
           laboratory equipment and drug, explosive and ballistic detection and analysis
           systems, to increase their abilities to carry out their mandates efficiently and
           effectively and to enhance their safety and security, and encouraging the United
           Nations Secretariat to ensure that these technologies, when deployed, are integrated
           effectively into United Nations policing work consistent with the purposes and
           principles of the Charter of the United Nations and of the basic principles of
           peacekeeping, and that the confidentiality of all data gathered by such assets is
           preserved as detailed in relevant specific procedures,
                 Welcoming the announcement of the Secretary-General of a comprehensive
           review of United Nations peacekeeping operations and special political missions
           and taking note of the announcement of the Secretary-General of the establishment
           of a high level independent panel to conduct the review,
                 Noting the designation of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the
           United Nations Development Programme as the joint global focal point for police,
           justice and corrections areas,
                Recalling the sovereign right and the primary responsibility of the State
           concerned to determine the national approach and priorities of security sector
           reform, including reform of policing and other law enforcement institutions, and
           recognizing that such reform should be a nationally owned process that is roote d in
           the particular needs and conditions of the country in question and encouraging the
           development of expertise in the field of security sector reform at the national level,
                 Noting the important role that United Nations Police Components can play in
           supporting, and coordinating international support for, reform of host State policing
           institutions and building policing capacity in a comprehensive way that emphasizes
           a community-oriented approach and is integrated with other areas of security sector
           reform and the rule of law,
                Emphasising that good governance and oversight of policing and law
           enforcement services, within the framework of a functional justice and corrections
           system, are important in ensuring that those services are accountable, responsive
           and capable of serving the population,
                 Highlighting the important role that United Nations Police Components can
           play, where mandated, in consultation with the host State and in collaboration with
           other components, in supporting host States to uphold their primary responsibility to
           protect civilians as well as respect and ensure the human rights of all individuals
           within their territory and subject to their jurisdiction, including inter alia through:

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               monitoring and deterrence, early warning and prevention, support to basic safety
               and security, physical protection, creating protective environments, assisting
               national security sector reform programs, capacity building, and political
               engagement with host-State counterparts,
                     Reaffirming the important role of women in the prevention and resolution of
               conflicts and in peacebuilding, stressing the importance of their equal participation
               and full involvement in all efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and
               security, and the need to increase their role in decision-making with regard to
               conflict prevention and resolution, including in relation to policing and the rule of
               law,
                     Taking note of and encouraging the increased participation of female police in
               United Nations peacekeeping operations and special political missions, thereby
               contributing to the effectiveness of relevant mandate implementation, including by
               providing diverse perspectives which can assist in building trust with local
               communities; improving the protection of women and children from v iolence and
               abuse; and facilitating gender-sensitive police approaches and mentoring,
                     Recalling the launch of the United Nations Global Effort in 2009 to promote
               an increase in the percentage of female police officers in United Nations
               peacekeeping missions to 20 per cent by 2014, welcoming the increase in female
               police in peacekeeping operations since the launch of the United Nations Global
               Effort, and encouraging States and the United Nations Secretary-General to
               strengthen efforts to support the realisation of the 20 per cent goal,
                      Recognizing innovative practices to improve the success of United Nations
               policing in recognizing specific needs of women in conflict and post -conflict
               environments, including the need for protection from sexual and gender -based
               violence and for community strategies that reflect women’s needs, such as the
               deployment of women within FPUs and the establishment of special protection
               units,
                     Reiterating that the protection of children in armed conflict should be an
               important aspect of any comprehensive strategy to resolve conflict and build peace,
               reiterating in this regard the importance of providing United Nations Police
               Components with specialized pre-deployment and in-mission training on missionspecific child protection and on appropriate comprehensive child-sensitive
               prevention and protection responses, as well as monitoring and reporting on
               violations and abuses committed against children, and stressing the importance of
               enhancing coordination between Police Components and child protection advisers as
               well as gender and women protection advisers,
                     Highlighting the important role that United Nations Police Components can
               play in building the capacity of host-State policing and other law enforcement
               institutions, as mandated, to address organized crime, particularly through support
               in the areas of border, immigration and maritime security and crime prevention,
               response and investigation,
                     Highlighting that impartial, responsive, accountable, community-oriented
               police institutions with well-trained personnel can help to counter violent
               extremism, including through building trust and dialogue between state authorities
               and communities,

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                Noting the role that Police Components can play in assisting host governments
           in implementation and compliance monitoring of Council-mandated sanctions
           measures including, where mandated, through provision of advice and assistance,
                 Recognizing the role that regional and subregional organizations can play in
           post-conflict peacebuilding including security sector reform (SSR) and disarmament,
           demobilization and reintegration (DDR), rule of law, recovery, reconstruction and
           development processes, including through support for host State policing and other
           law enforcement institutions, and affirming the importance of interaction and
           cooperation between peacekeeping operations and special political missions and
           regional and subregional organizations and arrangements,
                 Paying tribute to the memory of United Nations peacekeepers who have lost
           their lives in the cause of peace, and in this regard, underscoring the importance of
           safety and security of United Nations peacekeepers, expressing grave concern about
           the security threats and targeted attacks against United Nations peacekeepers in
           many peacekeeping missions that constitute a major challenge to United Nations
           peacekeeping operations, condemning in the strongest terms killing of and all acts of
           violence against United Nations peacekeeping personnel, and emphasizing that
           perpetrators of such attacks must be brought to justice,
                 Reaffirming that the primary responsibility for the security and protection of
           personnel employed by the United Nations system organizations rests with the host
           Government, and noting that complementary to the host Government responsibility,
           the safety and security of individually deployed police personnel in United Nations
           peacekeeping operations and special political missions, including, but not limited to
           United Nations police officers, or members of FPUs when not deployed wit h their
           unit, falls under the security arrangements of the United Nations Security
           Management System,
                1.    Resolves to include, as appropriate, policing as an integral part of the
           mandates of United Nations peacekeeping operations and special political mis sions,
           and to give clear, credible, and achievable mandates for policing -related activities,
           matched by appropriate resources;
                2.    Stresses the importance of strong cooperation and coordination between
           United Nations Police Components and other elements of peacekeeping operations
           and special political missions, in support of the mandate and under the overall
           leadership of the Head of Mission;
                 3.   Urges police-contributing countries to continue to contribute professional
           police personnel with the necessary skills, equipment and experience to implement
           mission mandates, including, where relevant, multidimensional peacekeeping
           mandates, underlining the importance of appropriate language skills at relevant
           levels to fulfil the mandate and of gender expertise, and urges prospective policecontributors to also contribute such personnel, to help ensure the demand for
           professional police personnel in United Nations peacekeeping operations and special
           political missions is fully met;
                 4.   Requests the Secretary-General to further promote professionalism,
           effectiveness and system-wide coherence in the policing-related work of the United
           Nations including, in close consultation, as appropriate, with Member States and the
           Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations in full respect of its vital role,
           through:

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                    a.   the development and implementation of standards and guidance for
                    United Nations policing-related work, through the Strategic Guidance
                    Framework for International Police Peacekeeping;
                    b.    the development of comprehensive, standardized training for United
                    Nations Police Components, including pre-deployment, induction and
                    in-service training;
                    c.   the provision of senior police leadership training, including through the
                    Senior Mission Leaders’ Course;
                    d.   the development of strong processes for evaluating the effectiveness of
                    United Nations policing-related work;
                    e.    the streamlining and improvement of recruitment and deployment
                    procedures for United Nations police and civilian policing experts, recognizing
                    that the Fifth Committee is the appropriate main committee of the United
                    Nations General Assembly entrusted with administrative and budgetary
                    matters; and
                    f.    the coordination of work within the United Nations system on reform of
                    policing and law enforcement institutions;
                     5.    Recognizes that political leadership and the will of national authorities
               are critical to reforming host State policing and other law enforcement services,
               emphasizes the lead role of the host-State’s authorities in developing, as part of an
               inclusive national vision for its security sector, a strategy for policing and other law
               enforcement that promotes the rule of law and respects human rights, coordinating
               the implementation of the vision, dedicating national resources towards policing,
               law enforcement and other security institutions, and monitoring the impact of
               security sector reform processes, including policing reform;
                     6.   Urges Member States and international partners to support, upon request,
               host State efforts to professionalize policing and other law enforcement agencies,
               within the context of broader security sector reform, and to ensure that international
               policing support is well-coordinated in support of a nationally-agreed plan, and
               underscores that such support should be tailored to the needs of the host State;
                    7.   Recognizes that reform of police and other law enforcement institutions
               needs to be in support of, and informed by, inclusive political processes and
               agreements, to enhance the legitimacy of the institutions concerned an d ensure wide
               ownership of such reform;
                     8.    Notes the important role that United Nations Police Components can
               play, where mandated, in strengthening the rule of law in conflict and post -conflict
               situations, by inter-alia, providing operational support to host State policing and
               other law enforcement institutions, and supporting the reform, restructuring and
               rebuilding of such institutions including through technical assistance, co -location,
               training and mentoring programs, in the context of broader effort s to strengthen the
               rule of law and reform the security sector, where mandated;
                     9.    In this regard, requests the Secretary-General to consider, as appropriate,
               security sector reform, including reform of policing and other law enforcement
               institutions, in the overall strategic planning of peacekeeping operations and special
               political missions in each country-specific context, and to work with Member States

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           to enhance the capabilities and expertise of United Nations Police Components in
           relation to capacity development and institution building, including in the areas of:
                a.   operational policing,      including    community-oriented      policing   and
                information-based policing;
                b.    administration, management and leadership;
                c.    governance, oversight and evaluation;
                d.    policy formulation and strategic planning; and
                e.    coordination with partners;
                 10. Emphasizes the role of peacekeeping operations and special political
           missions in supporting host-State policing institutions in their preparation to
           transition to function self-sufficiently, and underlines that this preparation for
           transition should be based on a timely analysis of need, in consultation with the host
           State, of any assistance beyond the duration of the presence of the peacekeeping
           operation or special political mission, to enable United Nations peacebuilding and
           development actors, including the United Nations Country Team, to undertake the
           necessary strategic planning and resource mobilisation, working in close partnership
           with host-State authorities, and to transfer skills and expertise to host-State officials
           and experts as quickly as possible in order to ensure a successful and durable
           transition;
                 11. Encourages the Secretary-General’s Special Representatives and Envoys
           to fully take into account the strategic value of security sector reform, including
           reform of host State policing and other law enforcement institutions, in their work,
           as appropriate, in the context of broader security sector reform efforts, including
           through their good offices where mandated;
                 12. Welcomes the work of the United Nations Standing Police Capacity in
           providing expertise across the broad range of policing activities and providing a
           rapid, coherent, effective and responsive start-up capability for the Police
           Components of United Nations peacekeeping operations and special political
           missions, and assisting existing missions through the provision of advice, expertise,
           base-line assessments and evaluation;
                13. Requests the Secretariat to continue refining the composition of t he
           United Nations Standing Police Capacity to ensure it includes skill sets to meet
           contemporary demands, including through enabling partnerships with member states
           and regional organisations;
                14. Notes with appreciation the efforts made by the Department of
           Peacekeeping Operation’s Police Division to continue to explore the use of
           “specialized police teams” for police capacity-building, and requests the Secretary-General to report on this use, as appropriate;
                 15. Notes the Secretariat’s efforts to enhance inter-mission cooperation,
           including through the rapid redeployment of FPUs, recognizes that such cooperation
           can provide timely responses for critically needed capacity as an interim, short -term
           measure, notes the logistical challenges that can undermine the effectiveness of
           inter-mission cooperation, and encourages the Secretariat, in consultation with
           police-contributing countries, to continue to assess the practice of inter-mission

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               cooperation with a view to streamlining standing operating procedures and
               improving the effectiveness of such cooperation;
                    16. Notes the importance of the deployment of civilian policing experts, with
               adequate and appropriate skills and expertise, to United Nations peacekeeping
               operations and special political missions;
                    17. Affirms the central role of the protection of civilians, where mandated, in
               the work undertaken by United Nations Police Components;
                     18. Affirms the importance of the role that United Nations Police Components
               can play, where mandated, in supporting the efforts of host authorities in the
               protection of civilians, particularly those under imminent threat of physical
               violence, including all forms of sexual and gender based violence, and in this
               regard, while recognising that protection of civilians is t he primary responsibility of
               the host State, helping to build and reform policing and law enforcement institutions
               of the host State so they are able to sustainably and consistently protect civilians;
                     19. Highlights the critical role that United Nations Police Components can
               play in facilitating the participation and inclusion of women in dialogue on conflict
               resolution and peacebuilding, including on rule of law and security issues;
                     20. Encourages police-contributing countries to increase the percentage of
               women police in deployments to United Nations peacekeeping operations, in
               particular senior officers, including in leadership roles, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to support innovative efforts to encourage such deployment of
               women police and to enhance coordination between Police Components and child
               protection advisers as well as gender and women protection advisers;
                     21. Encourages police-contributing countries to provide all police personnel
               with adequate training to carry out their responsibilities in relation to sexual and
               gender-based violence and child protection, and further encourages relevant United
               Nations entities to make available appropriate guidance and training modules,
               including in particular the United Nations pre-deployment scenario-based training
               on prevention of sexual and gender-based violence and on children and armed
               conflict;
                     22. Requests the Secretary-General to continue and strengthen efforts to
               implement the policy of zero tolerance on sexual exploitation an d abuse by United
               Nations personnel, as well as the policy on prohibition of child labour in United
               Nations peacekeeping operations, and urges police-contributing countries to take
               appropriate preventative action, including pre-deployment and in-mission awareness
               training and other action to ensure full accountability, including prosecutions, in
               cases of such conduct involving their nationals;
                    23. Notes the importance of United Nations policing-related support to
               non-United Nations security forces adhering to the Human Rights Due Diligence
               Policy;
                     24. Reiterates that United Nations peacekeeping operations and special
               political missions, including Police Components, located in a host State with
               Council-mandated sanctions regime, may, if deemed necessary b y the Council,
               provide appropriate expertise to the host government, relevant sanctions committee
               and relevant experts groups, in the implementation and the compliance monitoring

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           of that sanctions regime, and further notes the importance of appropriate training for
           United Nations Police Components in this regard;
                  25. Reiterates that United Nations peacekeeping operations and special
           political missions, including Police Components, may, if mandated by the Council,
           assist in capacity building for host governments, as requested, to implement
           commitments under existing global and regional instruments and to address the
           illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons, including inter alia through
           weapons collection, disarmament, demobilization and reintegra tion programmes,
           enhancing physical security and stockpile management practices, record keeping
           and tracing capacities, development of national export and import control systems,
           enhancement of border security, and strengthening judicial institutions, poli cing and
           other law enforcement capacities;
                 26. Encourages information sharing, where relevant and appropriate,
           between Special Representatives of the Secretary-General, the Department of
           Peacekeeping Operations including its Police Division, the Departme nt of Political
           Affairs, the Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate, the UN Office on Drugs and
           Crime, the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force and the United Nations
           Development Program, within existing mandates and resources, when considering
           means to address, in a comprehensive and integrated manner, transnational
           organized crime, terrorism and violent extremism which can be conducive to
           terrorism;
                 27. Encourages the Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate to enhance its
           dialogue and information sharing with Special Envoys, the Department of Political
           Affairs and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, with respect to policing
           activities, including during the planning stages of missions, as appropriate, in
           relation to implementation of resolutions 1373 (2001) and 1624 (2005), and requests
           the Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate to identify principal gaps in Member
           States’ capacities, including the capacities of their policing and other law -
           enforcement institutions, to implement Security Cou ncil resolutions 1373 (2001)
           and 1624 (2005);
                 28. Affirms that United Nations Police Components, deployed as part of a
           United Nations peacekeeping operation, may, if mandated by the Council, provide
           support, in consultation with the host State, as feasibl e and where appropriate, to the
           efforts of national authorities, without prejudice to the responsibilities of those
           authorities, to bring to justice those responsible for serious international crimes;
                 29. Encourages closer coordination and cooperation on policing issues
           between the United Nations Secretariat and international, regional and sub -regional
           organisations, INTERPOL and regional police organizations, including through
           training, the sharing and exchange of information, thematic expertise, and
           operational support, as appropriate;
                30. Reiterates the need to further strengthen cooperation and consultation
           with police-contributing countries, including through triangular cooperation
           between the Security Council, troop and police-contributing countries and the
           United Nations Secretariat, to foster a spirit of partnership, cooperation, confidence
           and mutual trust;
                 31. Expresses its intention to consider holding an annual meeting on policing
           issues with the Heads of United Nations Police Components;

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                     32. Encourages the Secretary-General to consider the increasing role of
               policing, along with the many other critical issues related to peacekeeping
               operations and special political missions, in his upcoming strategic review of United
               Nations peacekeeping operations and special political missions, as appropriate;
                    33. Requests the Secretary-General to submit a report by the end of 2016 on
               the role of policing as an integral part of peacekeeping and post -conflict
               peacebuilding, with particular focus on the challenges faced by Police Components
               of United Nations peacekeeping operations and special political missions, and
               making recommendations on how best to strengthen their contribution to the
               achievement of mission mandates.

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Security Council resolution 2185 (2014) [on the role of policing in peacekeeping and post-conflict peacebuilding]

UN. Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|INTERNATIONAL POLICE|PEACEBUILDING|POLICE


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2186 (2014)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                25 November 2014

               Resolution 2186 (2014)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 7321st meeting, on
               25 November 2014

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions, statements of its President and press
               statements on the situation in Guinea-Bissau, in particular resolutions 1876 (2009),
               2030 (2011), 2048 (2012), 2092 (2013), 2103 (2013) and 2157 (2014),
                    Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on Guinea-Bissau, dated
               18 August 2014 (S/2014/603) and his letter dated 11 November 2014 (S/2014/8 05)
               and the recommendations contained therein, and commending the engagement of the
               Special Representative of the Secretary-General and head of the United Nations
               Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS),
                    Welcoming the progress made by the government of Guinea-Bissau in
               determining its national priorities following the return to constitutional order,
                    Emphasizing the need for respect of democratic principles and stressing the
               importance of inclusive governance, essential for the attainme nt of lasting peace in
               Guinea-Bissau,
                    Stressing that the consolidation of peace and stability in Guinea -Bissau can
               only result from a consensual, inclusive and nationally owned process, respect for
               constitutional order, the reforms in the defence, security and justice sectors, the
               promotion of the rule of law, the protection of human rights, the promotion of
               socioeconomic development and the fight against impunity and drug trafficking,
                     Stressing that all stakeholders in Guinea-Bissau should work to ensure short,
               medium and long-term stability through clear commitment and genuine inclusive
               political dialogue aimed at creating conditions conducive to finding viable and
               sustainable solutions to the country’s social, economic, political and military
               problems, which would facilitate the implementation of key reforms and the
               strengthening of State institutions,
                     Emphasizing the importance of pursuing a national reconciliation and social
               cohesion strategy and underlining the importance of including all Bissau Guineans
               in the reconciliation process at the national and local levels, while upholding justice
               and the rule of law and combating impunity,

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                     Noting efforts of the government to gain effective civilian control and
               oversight over the defence and security forces, as failure to do so could adversely
               affect the effective functioning of State institutions, as a result of collusion between
               some political actors and the military leadership,
                      Commending the efforts of the Economic Community of West African States
               (ECOWAS) in helping to sustain peace, security and development and to support the
               security sector reform (SSR) process in Guinea-Bissau namely through the activities
               of its Mission (ECOMIB),
                     Taking note of the desire of the new authorities of Guinea-Bissau to maintain
               ECOMIB presence on the ground to support the implementation of reforms and to
               build up confidence among international partners,
                     Reiterating concern about reports of continuing violations and abuses of
               human rights, and calling on the Government of Guinea Bissau to conduct
               transparent and credible investigations into all alleged human rights violations and
               abuses, in accordance with international standards, and to hold those responsible
               accountable for their actions,
                     Reiterating its deep concern at the threat drug trafficking poses to stability,
               re-emphasizing the need to tackle the problem of drug trafficking in the countries of
               origin, transit and final destination through an approach of common and shared
               responsibility,
                     Underlining that any lasting solution to instability in Guinea-Bissau should
               include concrete actions to fight impunity and ensure that those responsible for
               politically-motivated assassinations and other serious crimes such as breaches of
               constitutional order and drug trafficking-related activities are brought to justice,
               including through national judicial mechanisms,
                    Welcoming in this regard the efforts of the government to update the three -year
               national plan for combating drug trafficking and organised crime prepared in Jun e
               2011, and to define new priority areas accordingly,
                     Reiterating the importance of the continued support of the United Nations and
               international, sub-regional, regional and bilateral partners for the long-term security
               and development of Guinea-Bissau, particularly towards the implementation of
               security and justice sectors reforms, the fight against drug trafficking, organized
               crime and human trafficking, as well as the creation of an enabling environment for
               good governance and inclusive and sustainable social and economic development,
                     Commending the important work of the United Nations Office on Drugs and
               Crime (UNODC) in collaboration with relevant United Nations (UN) entities in the
               fight against drug trafficking and transnational organized crime in G uinea-Bissau
               and the sub-region, and encouraging enhanced cooperation between UNODC and
               UNIOGBIS,
                     Stressing the urgent need to maintain in Guinea-Bissau continuous evaluation
               capacity and to continue to support national, sub -regional, regional and international
               institutions in charge of the fight against drug trafficking,
                     Stressing also the need for increased coherence, coordination and efficiency
               among relevant partners to enhance their collective efforts toward combating drug
               trafficking in Guinea-Bissau, in particular through sharing of information,

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                 Emphasizing the important role of women in prevention and resolution of
           conflicts and in peacebuilding, as recognized in resolutions 1325 (2000), 1820
           (2008), 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009), 1960 (2010), 2106 (20 13) and 2122 (2013),
           welcoming the Mission’s work to increase women’s participation in Guinea -Bissau
           and underlining that a gender perspective must continue to inform the
           implementation of all relevant aspects of the mandate of UNIOGBIS,
                  Condemning cases of illegal and unauthorized fishing in Guinea-Bissau’s
           territorial waters and exclusive economic zone, as well as illegal exploitation of
           natural resources which undermines prospects for the country’s economic
           development,
                 Reaffirming that Guinea-Bissau’s partners should continue to actively and
           closely coordinate their actions to help bring solutions to the country’s political,
           security and development challenges; in this regard, welcoming the efforts made by
           the Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Guinea-Bissau to convene an
           international donor conference in close consultation with international, regional, and
           sub-regional development partners in order to mobilize resources for the country’s
           development priorities including the government’s 2014-2018 programme
           containing immediate and long-term priorities for the country,
                Taking note of the statement made by the Chair of the Guinea-Bissau
           Configuration of the Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) on 18 November 2014, and
           welcoming the engagement of the PBC with Guinea-Bissau,
                Also welcoming the reactivation of the International Contact Group on Guinea
           Bissau and its 10th meeting held on 18 November 2014,
                Recognizing the need for UNIOGBIS to support national efforts to maintain
           constitutional order and to promote a multi-layered national dialogue towards peace
           and reconciliation,
                 Reaffirming the importance of preparedness by all Member States to detect,
           prevent, respond to, isolate and mitigate suspected cases of Ebola within and across
           borders and recalling the International Health Regulations (2005), which aim to
           improve the capacity of all countries to detect, assess, notify and respond to public
           health threats,
                Reaffirming its full commitment to the consolidation of peace and stability in
           Guinea-Bissau,
                 1.  Decides to extend the mandate of UNIOGBIS for a period of 3 months
           beginning on 1 December 2014 until 28 February 2015 to perform the following
           tasks:
                (a) Supporting an inclusive political dialogue and national reconciliation
           process to facilitate democratic governance;
                (b) Assisting in strengthening democratic institutions and enhancing the
           capacity of state organs to function effectively and constitutionally;
                 (c) Providing strategic and technical advice and support for the
           establishment of effective and efficient law enforcement and criminal justice and
           penitentiary systems, capable of maintaining public security and combating
           impunity, while respecting human rights and fundamental freedoms;

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                     (d) Providing strategic and technical advice and support to national
               authorities and relevant stakeholders, including in coordination with ECOWAS/
               ECOMIB, in implementing the national security sector reform and rule of law
               strategies, as well as developing civilian and military justice systems that are
               compliant with international standards;
                     (e) Assisting national authorities to combat drug trafficking               and
               transnational organized crime, in close cooperation with UNODC;
                     (f) Assisting national authorities in the promotion and protection of human
               rights as well as undertaking human rights monitoring and reporting activities;
                    (g) Mainstreaming a gender perspective into peacebuilding, in line with
               Security Council resolutions 1325 (2000) and 1820 (2008);
                    (h) Working with the Peacebuilding Commission in support of Guinea-Bissau’s peacebuilding priorities; and
                     (i) Contributing to the mobilization, harmonization and coordination of
               international assistance, including for the implementation of the national security
               sector reform and rule of law strategies, and enhancing cooperation with the African
               Union (AU), ECOWAS, the Community of Portuguese Language -Speaking
               Countries (CPLP), the European Union (EU) and other partners in support of the
               maintenance of constitutional order and the stabilization of Guinea -Bissau;
                    2.   Reiterates its demand to the security and defence services to submit
               themselves fully to civilian control;
                     3.   Urges the authorities of Guinea-Bissau to take all necessary measures to
               protect human rights, put an end to impunity, initiate inve stigations to identify the
               perpetrators of human rights violations and abuses and bring them to justice and
               take action to protect witnesses in order to ensure due process;
                     4.   Welcomes the joint efforts by international partners, in particular the UN,
               AU, ECOWAS, the EU and CPLP, to enhance cooperation in support of the
               legitimate democratic government in Guinea-Bissau and encourages them to
               continue to work together towards the country’s stabilization;
                    5.    Encourages the efforts in support of SSR as a crucial element for longterm stability in Guinea-Bissau and encourages coordinated action by all relevant
               regional, sub-regional and international partners of Guinea-Bissau in this field in
               order to obtain expeditious and positive results;
                     6.   Calls upon the authorities of Guinea-Bissau to review, adopt and
               implement national legislations and mechanisms to more effectively combat
               transnational organized crime, in particular drug trafficking and money laundering,
               and in this context, to provide additional support to the Transnational Crime Unit
               (TCU) established under the West Africa Coast Initiative (WACI); and urges both
               the authorities of Guinea-Bissau and its security and defence services to
               demonstrate full commitment to combating drug trafficking and calls upon
               international partners to support their efforts;
                    7.     Encourages members of the international community to enhance
               cooperation with Guinea-Bissau, in order to enable it to ensure control of air traffic
               and surveillance of maritime security within its jurisdiction, in particular to fight
               drug trafficking and organized crime, as well as illegal fishing in Guinea -Bissau’s

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           territorial waters and exclusive economic zone and other cases of illegal
           exploitation of natural resources;
                 8.    Requests the Special Representative of the Secretary-General to increase
           efforts to achieve greater coherence, coordination and efficiency among relevant UN
           agencies, funds and programmes in Guinea-Bissau to maximize their collective
           effectiveness toward combating drug trafficking, in particular through provision by
           these agencies, funds and programs of relevant information to the Special
           Representative on individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with
           drug trafficking that contribute to creating a threat to th e peace, stability and
           security of Guinea-Bissau and the sub-region;
                9.    Invites the Special Representative of the Secretary-General to share all
           relevant information with the Committee established pursuant to its resolution 2048
           (2012), particularly names of individuals who meet the criteria set forth in
           paragraph 6 and elaborated by paragraph 7 of resolution 2048 (2012);
                10. Stresses the challenges posed by the fight against drug trafficking in the
           search of solutions to the overall political and economic crisis in Guinea-Bissau,
           and requests the Secretary-General to ensure the relevant capacity within
           UNIOGBIS, continuing to provide an anti-drug component, including appropriate
           expertise;
                 11. Encourages international bilateral and multilateral partners to continue
           their technical support to Guinea-Bissau in strengthening efforts to tackle
           transnational organized crime including illicit activities, such as money -laundering
           and drug trafficking, calls upon them to increase their support to WACI and the
           TCU to fight transnational organized crime and drug trafficking, which threaten
           security and stability in Guinea-Bissau and in the sub-region and further encourages
           them to contribute to support the presence of UNODC in Guinea -Bissau and to the
           UNIOGBIS Trust Fund for immediate, medium and longer-term priorities, including
           for post-election reforms;
                 12. Welcomes the intention of the authorities of Guinea-Bissau to convene an
           international donor conference in Brussels in February 2015 and encourages
           participation from Member States;
                13. Urges Guinea-Bissau to implement relevant Temporary Recommendations
           issued under the International Health Regulations (2005) regarding the 2014 Ebola
           Outbreak in West Africa, and to lead the organisation, coordination and
           implementation of national preparedness and response activities, including, as
           appropriate, in collaboration with international development and humanitarian
           partners, including UNIOGBIS within its existing mandate;
                14. Looking forward to the findings and recommendations of the strategic
           assessment mission (SAM) to be included in the report of the Secretary -General in
           January 2015 with a view toward the consideration of such recommendations for
           appropriate adjustment to the mandate of UNIOGBIS;
                15.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2186 (2014) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS) until 28 Feb. 2015]

S/69 [186] GUINEA-BISSAU SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Guinea-Bissau.

UN Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau|PEACEBUILDING|GUINEA-BISSAU|HUMAN RIGHTS|ORGANIZED CRIME|DRUG TRAFFIC|CRIME PREVENTION|COORDINATION WITHIN UN SYSTEM|PLEDGING CONFERENCES|POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION