                United Nations                                                                  S/RES/2149 (2014)*
                Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                10 April 2014

                Resolution 2149 (2014)
                Adopted by the Security Council at its 7153rd meeting, on
                10 April 2014

                     The Security Council,
                     Recalling its previous resolutions and statements on the Central African
                Republic (CAR), in particular resolutions 2121 (2013), 2127 (2013) and 2134
                (2014),
                       Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and
                territorial integrity of the CAR, and recalling the importance of the principles of
                non-interference, good-neighbourliness and regional cooperation,
                      Reaffirming the basic principles of peacekeeping, including consent of the
                parties, impartiality, and non-use of force, except in self-defence and defence of the
                mandate, and recognizing that the mandate of each peacekeeping mission is specific
                to the need and situation of the country concerned,
                     Expressing deep concern at the security situation in the CAR,
                     Recalling that the Transitional Authorities have the primary responsibility to
                protect the population in the CAR,
                     Emphasizing that any sustainable solution to the crisis in the CAR should be
                CAR-owned, including the political process, and should include the restructuring of
                the Central African security forces,
                      Further emphasizing that the continued role of the region, including the Chair
                of ECCAS and its Mediator, as well as the AU, will be critical for the promotion of
                lasting peace and stability in the CAR,
                      Welcoming the positive and decisive impact of MISCA’s actions on the ground
                in protecting civilians and preventing serious violations of international law, and the
                progress made in the implementation of other aspects of its mandate as reflected in
                the first progress report of the AU Commission on the deployment and operations of
                MISCA submitted pursuant to paragraph 32 of resolution 2127 (2013),
                    Remaining seriously concerned by multiple violations of international
                humanitarian law and the widespread human rights violations and abuses, including

           * Reissued for technical reasons on 25 April 2014.

14-29581* (E)
*1429581*

S/RES/2149 (2014)

               those involving extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and
               detention, torture, sexual violence against women and children, rape, recruitment
               and use of children and attacks against civilians, in particular but not limited to
               Muslims, and attacks against places of worship, denial of humanitarian access,
               committed by both former Seleka elements and militia groups, in particular the
               “anti-Balaka”,
                     Condemning in the strongest terms all the attacks and provocations against
               MISCA contingents by armed groups and urging the CAR Transitional Authorities
               to take all possible measures to ensure the arrest and prosecution perpetrators,
                    Stressing the urgent and imperative need to end impunity in the CAR and to
               bring to justice perpetrators of violations of international humanit arian law and of
               abuses and violations of human rights, underlining in this regard the need to bolster
               national accountability mechanisms and underlining its support for the work of the
               Independent Expert on human rights in the CAR and of the International
               Commission of Inquiry,
                     Reiterating that all perpetrators of such acts must be held accountable and that
               some of those acts may amount to crimes under the Rome Statute of the
               International Criminal Court (ICC), to which the CAR is a State party, and furth er
               recalling the statement made by the Prosecutor of the ICC on 7 August 2013 and
               9 December 2013 and noting the decision made by the Prosecutor of the ICC on
               7 February 2014 to open a preliminary examination on the situation in the CAR
               since September 2012,
                     Emphasizing the risk of the situation in the CAR providing a conducive
               environment for transnational criminal activity, such as that involving arms
               trafficking and the use of mercenaries as well as a potential breeding ground for
               radical networks,
                     Acknowledging in this respect the important contribution the Council -
               mandated arms embargo can make to countering the illicit transfer of arms and
               related materiel in the CAR and its region, and in supporting post -conflict
               peacebuilding, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration and security sector
               reform, and recalling its resolution 2127 (2013) and expressing grave concern at the
               threat to peace and security in the CAR arising from the illicit transfer, destabilizing
               accumulation and misuse of small arms and light weapons,
                     Recalling its decision to establish a sanctions regime pursuant to resolutions
               2127 (2013) and 2134 (2014) and emphasizing that the targeted sanctions aim at,
               inter alia, individuals and entities designated by the Committee as engaging in or
               providing support for acts that undermine the peace, stability or security of the
               CAR, that impede the political transition process or that fuel violence and at
               individuals and entities designated by the Committee as involved in planning,
               directing, or committing acts that violate international human rights law or
               international humanitarian law or that constitute human rights abuses or violations,
                     Reiterating its serious concern at the dire humanitarian situation in the CAR,
               and emphasizing in particular the humanitarian needs of the more than 760,000
               internally displaced persons and of the more than 300,000 refugees in neighbouring
               countries, a large number of which are Muslim, and further expressing concern at
               the consequences of the flow of refugees, on the situation in Chad, Cameroon and
               the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as other co untries of the region,

2/14                                                                                14-29581

                                                                                S/RES/2149 (2014)

                 Expressing concern at the collapse of the already fragile administration which
           limits the ability of the new Transitional Authorities to govern,
                Urging all parties to take the necessary steps to ensure the safety and security
           of humanitarian personnel, of United Nations and associated personnel and of
           United Nations installation, equipment and goods,
                 Reiterating its appreciation for the ongoing efforts of the Economic
           Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and its Mediator re garding the CAR
           crisis, as well as the efforts of the African Union to resolve the crisis, and the efforts
           of the International Contact Group on the CAR, co -chaired by the AU and the
           Republic of Congo, and welcoming the communiqué issued at its 4th meeting held
           in Brazzaville, on 21 March 2014, including the envisaged steps to enhance its
           effectiveness and support to the transition in the CAR, and encouraging all
           stakeholders to pursue their efforts,
                  Reaffirming its deep appreciation for the critical role of MISCA, its troop- and
           police-contributing countries, and the French Forces to protect civilians, help
           improve the security situation immediately after the adoption of resolution 2127
           (2013) and further expressing appreciation for those partners that have provided
           airlift and other support to expedite the deployment of troops and improve their
           effectiveness,
                Welcoming the decision of the European Union, expressed at the meeting of
           the Council of the European Union held on 1 April 2014, to launch a temporary
           operation, EUFOR RCA, to support MISCA in the Central African Republic,
                 Expressing the need to accelerate the implementation of the political process,
           including on the reconciliation aspects and on the holding of free, fair, transparent
           and inclusive elections as soon as technically possible and no later than February
           2015,
                Welcoming the joint action of some domestic religious leaders at the national
           level in trying to pacify relations and prevent violence between religious
           communities and noting the need to amplify their voices at the local level,
                 Recalling the need for an inclusive and effective disarmament, demobilization
           and reintegration process (DDR) as well as repatriation (DDRR) in the cas e of
           foreign fighters while respecting the need to fight against impunity,
                Recalling its resolutions 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000), 1674 (2006), 1738 (2006)
           and 1894 (2009) on the protection of civilians in armed conflict, its resolutions 1612
           (2005), 1882 (2009), 1998 (2011), 2068 (2012) and 2143 (2014) on Children and
           Armed Conflict and its resolutions 1325 (2000), 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009), 1889
           (2009), 1960 (2010), 2106 (2013) and 2122 (2013) on Women, Peace and Security
           and calling upon all parties in the CAR to engage with the Special Representative on
           Children and Armed Conflict and the Special Representative on Sexual Violence in
           Conflict,
                Acknowledging the adoption of the partnership arrangement between the
           African Union Commission and the United Nations Office of the Special
           Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict to
           mainstream child protection in the policies and operations of the African Union,
           signed in Addis Ababa on 17 September 2013, and of the Framework of Cooperation
           between the United Nations Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary -

14-29581                                                                                3/14

S/RES/2149 (2014)

               General on Sexual Violence in Conflict and the African Union Commission
               Concerning the Prevention and Response to Conflict-related Sexual Violence in
               Africa adopted in Addis Ababa on 31 January 2014,
                     Welcoming the strong engagement of the European Union (EU) for the CAR,
               in particular the decision to contribute financially to the deployment of MISCA
               within the framework of the African Peace Facility, and further welcoming the
               contribution of the United States of America and contributions of Member States to
               the United Nations Trust Fund for the support to MISCA,
                    Welcoming the pledges made at the High-Level Meeting on Humanitarian
               Action in the Central African Republic in Brussels, on 20 January 2014 and
               encouraging the international community to swiftly follow through on pledges to
               continue providing support in response to the humanitarian situation in CAR, and to
               prepare for reconstruction with an approach linking relief, rehabilitation and
               development (LRRD),
                     Welcoming the pledges made at the Addis Ababa Donors’ Conference on
               1 February 2014 to support MISCA and the financial contribution made by the
               Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and encouraging the
               international community to swiftly follow through on these pledges and to continue
               providing support to MISCA,
                     Calling on international partners to assist the Transitional Authorities in
               building the institutional capacity of national police and customs authorities to
               effectively monitor the borders and points of entry, including to support the
               implementation of the measures established by paragraph 54 of resolution 2127
               (2013) and the disarmament and repatriation of foreign armed elements,
                    Welcoming the World Bank’s plan for 2014 presented at the Central African
               Republic Peacebuilding Commission Country-Specific Configuration meeting on
               19 February 2014 and strongly encouraging international financial institutions to
               continue to engage with the Transitional Authorities,
                     Taking note of the report of the visit undertaken by the Chair of CA R
               Configuration to Bangui (4-7 March), welcoming its continued engagement in
               mobilizing and sustaining the attention and commitment of partners ’ efforts as well
               as the Peacebuilding Fund and further underlining the role of the PBC in supporting
               the efforts of the Transitional Authorities towards national dialogue and
               reconciliation process, as well as in addressing challenges facing the country,
               including political accompaniment, mobilization of international attention and
               support,
                   Calling on international partners to provide financial contributions to support
               DDR, DDRR and electoral processes,
                    Taking note of the letter from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Central
               African Republic dated 27 January 2014 requesting the deployment of a United
               Nations peacekeeping operation to stabilize the country and address the civilian
               aspects of the crisis,
                     Taking note of the letter from the Chairperson of the African Union
               Commission dated 17 February 2014 proposing a number of steps for enhanced
               international action in favour of the CAR, including the strengthening of MISCA
               through the mobilization of a more predictable and sustainable support, in order to

4/14                                                                                14-29581

                                                                                S/RES/2149 (2014)

           enable it to effectively implement its mandate and complete the initial stabilization
           phase of the situation, with a view to facilitating broader and more sustained
           international engagement in particular through the deployment of a United Nations
           peacekeeping operation, and further taking note of the African Union Peace and
           Security Council Communique of 7 March 2014 on the achievements of MISCA and
           long-term stabilization of the CAR,
                 Welcoming the Secretary-General’s report (S/2014/142) and noting that the
           situation in the Central African Republic warrants a unified and integrated approach,
           including through a multidimensional United Nations peacekeeping operation and,
           further welcoming its recommendations for the establishment of such an operation,
                Taking note of the letter of the President of the Central African Republic to the
           Security Council dated 8 April 2014,
                Determining that the situation in the CAR constitutes a threat to international
           peace and security in the region,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

           Political process
                1.   Welcomes the designation by the National Transitional Council, on
           20 January 2014, of Catherine Samba-Panza as the new Transitional Head of State,
           the appointment of Andre Nzapayeke as Transitional Prime Minister, and the
           formation of a Transitional Government;
                 2.   Welcomes the important role of the region through the active leadership
           of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), in particular the
           mediation by the Congo, in convening government leaders, members of the National
           Transition Council, and representatives of civil society from the CAR for
           discussions hosted by the Government of Chad, in its capacity as chair of ECCAS,
           in N’Djamena on 9 and 10 January 2014, on the political transition in CAR, and
           during which the then leaders of the transitional government resigned, and
           encourages ECCAS, through its Chairperson and its Mediator to continue to play
           the role expected of it in the international support to the political process in the
           CAR;
                3.    Reiterates its support for the Libreville Agreements of 11 January 2013,
           the N’Djamena Declaration of 18 April 2013 and the Constitutional Charter for the
           Transition of 18 July 2013;
                 4.   Commends the initial measures taken by the AU and the ECCAS to
           restore peace and stability in the CAR;
                 5.  Underlines the importance of preserving the unity and territorial integrity
           of the CAR;
                 6.    Demands that all militias and armed groups put aside their arms, cease all
           forms of violence and destabilizing activities immediately and release children from
           their ranks;
                7.    Welcomes the Secretary-General’s call for the revitalization and
           acceleration of the political and reconciliation process in order to lay the ground for
           an end to the conflict, in this regard calls on the Transitional Authorities to
           demonstrate their commitment to this process and to take concrete steps in this

14-29581                                                                                5/14

S/RES/2149 (2014)

               regard and further underlines the importance of civil society in the revitalization of
               these processes;
                     8.    Urges in this regard the Transitional Authorities to accelerate the
               preparations in order to hold free, fair, transparent and inclusive presidential and
               legislative elections no later than February 2015 and to swiftly initiate the
               significant preparations and concrete measures necessary in this regard, including
               the urgent convening of a Conciliation framework in line with the communiqué of
               the ECCAS summit of January 2014, the launching of an inclusive political dialogue
               on the electoral framework and the completion of the technical and legal framework,
               and emphasizes that elections should include IDPs and CAR refugees, the return of
               whom should be an important objective;
                    9.    Further calls on Member States, international and regional organizations
               to provide rapid and tangible support to the Transitional Authorities of the CAR
               including contributions for the payment of salaries and other needs of the
               Transitional Authorities of the CAR;
                     10. Encourages the Transitional Authorities with the support of key members
               of the International Contact Group to take immediate measures to revitalize the
               political process by agreeing on certain key parameters, which could include the
               possible creation of an international mechanism which would include key
               stakeholders, including the AU, ECCAS, the United Nations and the EU, as well as
               the International Financial Institutions (IFIs) as appropriate, to accompany the
               transition while respecting the sovereignty of the CAR, and requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council on progress taken in this regard;
                     11. Encourages the Transitional Authorities, with the support of the
               international community, in particular with IFIs leading international efforts, to
               establish, based on critical peace and State building goals, mechanisms to strengthen
               public financial management and accountability, including r evenue collection,
               expenditure controls, public procurement and concession practices building on
               relevant international experiences and in a manner that fosters national ownership
               and respects the sovereignty of the CAR;
                     12. Reiterates that all perpetrators of violations of international humanitarian
               law and human rights violations and abuses must be held accountable and that some
               of those acts may amount to crimes under the Rome Statute of the International
               Criminal Court (ICC), to which the CAR is a State party, recalls the statements
               made by the Prosecutor of the ICC on 7 August 2013 and 9 December 2013, notes
               further the opening of a preliminary examination by the Prosecutor of the ICC on
               alleged crimes committed in the CAR since September 2012, and welcomes the
               cooperation by the Transitional authorities in this regard;
                     13. Calls upon all parties to armed conflict in the CAR, including former
               Seleka elements and anti-Balaka elements, to issue clear orders prohibiting all
               violations and abuses committed against children, in violation of applicable
               international law, including those involving their recruitment and use, rape and
               sexual violence, killing and maiming, abductions and attacks on schools and
               hospitals and further calls upon the Transitional Authorities to make and implement
               specific commitments on timely investigation of alleged violations and abuses in
               order to hold perpetrators accountable and to ensure that those responsible for such
               violations and abuses are excluded from the security sector;

6/14                                                                                14-29581

                                                                                S/RES/2149 (2014)

                14. Reiterates its demands that all parties protect and consider as victims
           those children who have been released or otherwise separated from armed forces
           and armed groups, and emphasizes the need to pay particular attention to the
           protection, release and reintegration of all children associated with armed forces and
           armed groups;
                 15. Calls upon all parties to armed conflict in the CAR, including former
           Seleka and anti-Balaka elements, to issue clear orders against sexual and gender
           based violence, and further calls upon the Transitional Authorities to make and
           implement specific commitments on timely investigation of alleged abuses in order
           to hold perpetrators accountable, in line with its resolutions 1960 (2010) and 2106
           (2013), and to facilitate immediate access for victims of sexual violence to available
           services;

           Transition to a PKO
                16. Notes the call made by the Secretary-General in favour of increased
           support to MISCA, in particular increased capacity for air and ground mobility,
           information and communication systems, intelligence capacity, medical facilities
           and logistics supply and sustainment, including the urgent provision of vital
           enablers, and in favour of continued improvement of command and control
           mechanisms of international forces operating in the CAR;
                17. Welcomes the Secretary-General’s call for an increase in the number of
           troops on the ground and in this regard welcomes the announcement by the
           Government of France on 14 February 2014 to increase the number of French troops
           and their subsequent deployment, the decision taken by the AU PSC on 21 March
           2014 to authorize the deployment of additional police personnel and specialized
           capabilities and the steps being taken for the early implementation of this decision
           as well as the contributions made by Member States of the European Union, which
           have resulted in the decision of the Council of the European Union held on 1 April
           2014 to launch EUFOR RCA;

           PKO
                 18. Decides to establish the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated
           Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) as of the date of
           adoption of this resolution and for an initial period until 30 April 2015;
                19. Requests the Secretary-General to subsume the presence of the United
           Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in the Central African Republic (BINUCA)
           into MINUSCA as of the date of the adoption of this resolution and to ensure a
           seamless transition from BINUCA to MINUSCA;
                  20. Decides that, as from 15 September 2014, MINUSCA will initially
           comprise up to 10,000 military personnel, including 240 military observers and 200
           staff officers and 1,800 police personnel, including 1,400 formed police unit
           personnel and 400 individual police officers, and 20 corrections officers, calls upon
           Member States to provide troops and police with adequate capabilities and
           equipment in order to enhance the capacity of MINUSCA to operate and discharge
           its responsibilities effectively and requests the Secretary-General to recruit qualified
           staff, who have the competencies, education, work experience and language skills
           appropriate to the tasks defined under applicable competency areas in paragraphs 30

14-29581                                                                                7/14

S/RES/2149 (2014)

               and 31 below, bearing in mind the need to convey information and provide technical
               assistance in the most accessible manner to the desired audience;
                     21. Further decides that the transfer of authority from MISCA to MINUSCA
               will take place on 15 September 2014 and that, in the period from the adoption of
               this resolution to this transfer of authority, MINUSCA will implement the tasks
               mandated in paragraphs 30 and 31 below through its civilian component, while
               MISCA will continue to implement its tasks as mandated by resolution 2127 (2013)
               and that, on 15 September 2014, MINUSCA shall commence the immediate
               implementation, through its military and police components, of the tasks mandated
               in paragraphs 30 and 31 below;
                     22. Requests the Secretary-General to include in MINUSCA as many MISCA
               military and police personnel as possible and in line with United Nations standards,
               in close coordination with the AU and ECCAS and as of 15 September 2014, in
               accordance with the Secretary-General’s Policy on human rights screening of United
               Nations personnel;
                    23. Authorizes the Secretary-General, without prejudice to paragraph 21
               above, to deploy to MINUSCA before 15 September 2014 military enablers,
               including military enablers transferred from other, downsizing peacekeeping
               operations and through intermission cooperation, as may be necessary in order to
               stand up MINUSCA’s military and police components and enable them to
               immediately commence the discharge of their mandated tasks on 15 Septemb er 2014
               and further requests the Secretary-General to contract enablers to the same effect;
                    24. Requests the Secretary-General to take all possible steps, including
               through the full use of existing authorities and at his discretion, to accelerate the
               deployments of MINUSCA’s civilian and military capabilities in the CAR, in order
               to best respond to the Council’s expectations and the needs of the CAR population
               and requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary steps to have MINUSCA
               ready to commence its activities;
                     25. Requests the Secretary-General to transfer the Guard Unit, in line with its
               original mandate approved by the letter of the President of the Security Council
               dated 29 October 2013, from BINUCA to MINUSCA from the date of adoption of
               this resolution until 15 September 2014, and decides that as of the date of the
               adoption of this resolution until 15 September 2014, the mandate of the Guard Unit
               as approved in that letter shall remain unchanged;
                     26. Requests the Secretary-General, in close coordination with the AU, to
               deploy a transition team to set up MINUSCA and prepare the seamless transition of
               authority from MISCA to MINUSCA by 15 September 2014 and to take necessary
               steps to prepare and position MISCA, as soon as possible, for its re -hatting to a
               United Nations Peacekeeping operation;
                     27. Requests the Secretary-General, after a joint mission with the AU, to
               update the Security Council no later than 15 August 2014 on the state of preparation
               for a seamless transition of authority from MISCA to MINUSCA by 15 September
               2014;
                    28. Requests the Secretary-General to appoint a Special Representative for
               the Central African Republic and Head of Mission of MINUSCA, who shall, from

8/14                                                                                14-29581

                                                                                S/RES/2149 (2014)

                 the date of appointment, assume overall authority on the ground for the coordination
                 of all activities of the United Nations system in the Central African Republic;
                     29. Authorizes MINUSCA to take all necessary means to carry out its
                 mandate, within its capabilities and its areas of deployment;
                      30. Decides that the mandate of MINUSCA shall initially focus on the
                 following priority tasks:

           (a)   Protection of civilians
                      (i) To protect, without prejudice to the primary responsibility of the Central
                      African Republic authorities, the civilian population from threat of phys ical
                      violence, within its capabilities and areas of deployment, including through
                      active patrolling;
                      (ii) To provide specific protection for women and children affected by armed
                      conflict, including through the deployment of Child Protection Advisers and
                      Women Protection Advisers;
                      (iii) To identify and record threats and attacks against the civilian population,
                      including through regular interaction with the civilian population and working
                      closely with humanitarian and human rights organizations;
                      (iv) To design, implement and deliver, in close consultation with
                      humanitarian and human rights organizations and other relevant partners, a
                      mission-wide protection strategy;

           (b)   Support for the implementation of the transition process, including efforts in favo ur
                 of the extension of State authority and preservation of territorial integrity
                      (i) To take a leading role in international efforts to assist the Transitional
                      Authorities working with ECCAS, the African Union, relevant stakeholders
                      and the international community to devise, facilitate, coordinate and provide
                      technical assistance to the political transition and electoral processes;
                      (ii) To provide good offices and political support for the efforts to address
                      root causes of the conflict and establish lasting peace and security in the CAR;
                      (iii) To provide appropriate support, in coordination with the Transitional
                      Authorities, and based on the risks on the ground, for the provision of security
                      for key national stakeholders, including members of the Transit ional
                      Government;
                      (iv) To assist the Transitional Authorities in mediation and reconciliation
                      processes at both the national and local levels, working with relevant regional
                      and local bodies and religious leaders, including through inclusive national
                      dialogue, transitional justice and conflict-resolution mechanisms, while
                      ensuring the full and effective participation of women;
                      (v) To devise, facilitate and provide technical assistance to the electoral
                      process and make all necessary preparations, in support of the Transitional
                      Authorities and working on an urgent basis with the National Electoral
                      Authority, for the holding of free, fair, transparent and inclusive elections,
                      including the full and effective participation of women at all levels and at an

14-29581                                                                                9/14

S/RES/2149 (2014)

                     early stage, and the participation of CAR IDPs and refugees no later than
                     February 2015,
                     (vi) To promote and support the rapid extension of State authority;

         (c)    Facilitate the immediate, full, safe and unhindered delivery of humanitarian assistance
                To contribute, including through effective civil-military coordination and in close
                coordination with humanitarian actors, to the creation of a secure environment for
                the immediate, full, safe and unhindered, civilian-led delivery of humanitarian
                assistance, in accordance with United Nations guiding humanitarian principles and
                relevant provisions of international law, and for the voluntary safe, dignified and
                sustainable return of internally displaced persons and refugees in close coordination
                with humanitarian actors;

         (d)    Protection of the United Nations
                To protect the United Nations personnel, installations, equipment and goods and
                ensure the security and freedom of movement of United Nations and associated
                personnel;

         (e)    Promotion and protection of human rights
                     (i) To monitor, help investigate and report publicly and to the Security
                     Council on violations of international humanitarian law and on abuses and
                     violations of human rights committed throughout the CAR, in particular by
                     different armed groups, including the former Seleka and the anti-Balaka, and
                     to contribute to efforts to identify and prosecute perpetrators, and to prevent
                     such violations and abuses, including through the deployment of human rights
                     observers;
                     (ii) To monitor, help investigate and report specifically on violations and
                     abuses committed against children as well as violations committed against
                     women, including all forms of sexual violence in armed conflict, and to
                     contribute to efforts to identify and prosecute perpetrators, and to prevent such
                     violations and abuses;
                     (iii) To support the International Commission             of    Inquiry   and   the
                     implementation of its recommendations;
                     (iv) To assist the CAR authorities in the effort to protect and promote human
                     rights;

          (f)   Support for national and international justice and the rule of law
                     (i) To support and work with the Transitional Authorities to arrest and bring
                     to justice those responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity in the
                     country, including through cooperation with States o f the region and the ICC;
                     (ii) To help build the capacities, including through technical assistance, of
                     the national judicial system, and of the national human rights institutions and
                     assist with national reconciliation efforts, coordinating with the Ind ependent
                     Expert as appropriate;

10/14                                                                                14-29581

                                                                                S/RES/2149 (2014)

                      (iii) To provide support and to coordinate international assistance to the
                      police, justice and correctional institutions to reinstate the criminal justice
                      system, within the framework of the United Nations global focal poi nt on rule
                      of law, including through assistance in the maintenance of public safety and
                      basic law and order, in a manner that emphasizes civilian oversight,
                      impartiality and the protection of human rights and to support the restoration
                      and maintenance of public safety and the rule of law including through the
                      presence and assistance of United Nations police authorized in paragraph 20
                      above;

           (g)   Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration (DDR) and Repatriation (DDRR)
                    – To support the Transitional Authorities in developing and implementing a
                      revised strategy for the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR)
                      and Repatriation (DDRR) of former combatants and armed elements to reflect
                      new realities on the ground, while paying specific attention to th e needs of
                      children associated with armed forces and groups, and support for the
                      repatriation of foreign elements;
                    – To support the Transitional Authorities in developing and implementing
                      community violence reduction programmes;
                    – To regroup and canton combatants and confiscate and destroy, as appropriate,
                      the weapons and ammunition of elements of personnel who refuse or fail to lay
                      down their arms;
                      31. Further decides that the mandate of MINUSCA shall include the
                 following additional tasks as conditions permit and requests the Secretariat to begin
                 planning for these tasks:
                       (a) support to security sector reform and vetting processes, including
                 through the provision of strategic policy advice and coordination of technical
                 assistance and training;
                      (b)   coordinate international assistance as appropriate;
                      (c) assist the Committee established pursuant to paragraph 57 of resolution
                 2127 (2013) and the Panel of Experts established by the same resolution, wi thin its
                 capabilities, including by passing information relevant to the implementation of the
                 mandate of the Committee and Panel of Experts;
                       (d) monitor the implementation of the measures imposed by paragraph 54 of
                 resolution 2127 (2013), in cooperation with the Panel of Experts established
                 pursuant to resolution 2127 (2013), including by inspecting, as it deems necessary
                 and when appropriate without notice, all arms and related materiel regardless of
                 location and advise the Transitional Authorities on efforts to keep armed groups
                 from exploiting natural resources;
                       (e) seize and collect arms and any related materiel the transfer of which into
                 the CAR violates the measures imposed by paragraph 54 of resolution 2127 (2013)
                 and to record and dispose of such arms and related materiel as appropriate;
                      32. Requests MINUSCA to coordinate its operations with those of the
                 African Union Regional Task Force on the Lord’s Resistance Army and requests

14-29581                                                                                11/14

S/RES/2149 (2014)

               MINUSCA to share relevant information with the Regional Task Force and with
               non-governmental organizations involved in tackling the threat of the LRA;
                      33. Calls upon the Transitional Authorities and international partners and
               relevant United Nations entities, in coordination with MINUSCA, to address the
               illicit transfer, destabilizing accumulation, and misuse of small arms and light
               weapons in the CAR, and to ensure the safe and effective management, storage and
               security of stockpiles of small arms and light weapons, and the collection and/or
               destruction of surplus, seized, unmarked, or illicitly held weapons and ammunition,
               and further stresses the importance of incorporating such elements into SSR and
               DDR/R programmes;
                     34. Requests MINUSCA to take fully into account child protection as a
               cross-cutting issue throughout its mandate and to assist the Transitional Authorities
               in ensuring that the protection of children’s rights is taken into account, inter alia, in
               DDR and DDRR processes and in security sector reform in order to end and prevent
               violations and abuses against children;
                      35. Requests MINUSCA to take fully into account gender considerations as a
               cross-cutting issue throughout its mandate and to assist the Government of the CAR
               in ensuring the full and effective participation, involvement and representation of
               women in all spheres and at all levels, including in stabilization activities, security
               sector reform and DDR and DDRR processes, as well as in the national political
               dialogue and electoral processes, through, inter alia, the provision of gender
               advisers, and further requests enhanced reporting by MINUSCA to the Council on
               this issue;
                    36. Requests MINUSCA, within its existing resources and mandate, to assist
               the political efforts of the AU and ECCAS to ECCAS to support the transition
               process, following the transfer of authority from MISCA to MINUSCA;
                    37. Decides that MISCA, MINUSCA, EUFOR RCA, the AU-RTF and the
               French forces operating in the CAR are exempt from the measures imposed in
               paragraph 54 of resolution 2127 (2013) for the implementation of their mandates
               and requests these forces to report on measures taken in this regard as part of their
               regular reports to the Council;
                     38. Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary measures to ensure
               full compliance of MINUSCA with the United Nations zero tolerance policy on
               sexual exploitation and abuses and to keep the Council informed if cases of
               misconduct occur, and notes the relevance of the guidance on contacts with persons
               who are the subject of arrest warrants or summonses issued by the International
               Criminal Court;
                    39. Requests MINUSCA to ensure that any support provided to non-United
               Nations security forces is provided in strict compliance with the Human Rights Due
               Diligence Policy on United Nations support to non-United Nations security forces
               (HRDDP), and requests the Secretary-General to include information on any such
               support in his reports to the Council;
                    40. Decides that MINUSCA may, within the limits of its capacities and areas
               of deployment, at the formal request of the Transitional Authorities and in areas
               where national security forces are not present or operational, adopt urgent temporary
               measures on an exceptional basis and without creating a precedent and without

12/14                                                                                14-29581

                                                                                S/RES/2149 (2014)

           prejudice to the agreed principles of peacekeeping operations, which are limited in
           scope, time bound and consistent with the objectives set forth in paragraphs 30 (a)
           and 30 (f) above, to maintain basic law and order and fight impunity and requests
           the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council any measures that may be
           adopted on this basis;
                 41. Requests the Secretary-General and the Transitional Authorities of the
           Central African Republic to conclude, within 30 days of the adoption of this
           resolution, a status-of-forces agreement with regard to MINUSCA, taking into
           consideration General Assembly resolution 58/82 on the scope of legal protection
           under the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel,
           and decides that, pending the conclusion of such an agreement, the model status -offorces agreement dated 9 October 1990 (A/45/594) shall apply provisionally;
                 42. Emphasizes the need for MISCA, EUFOR RCA and the French forces
           operating in the CAR, while carrying out their mandate, to act in full respect of the
           sovereignty, territorial integrity and unity of CAR and in full compliance with
           applicable international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law and
           recalls the importance of training in this regard;

           MINUSCA Freedom of movement
                 43. Urges all parties in the CAR to cooperate fully with the deployment and
           activities of MINUSCA, in particular by ensuring its safety, security and freedom of
           movement with unhindered and immediate access throughout the territory of the
           Central African Republic to enable MINUSCA to carry out fully its mandate;
                 44. Calls upon Member States, especially those in the region, to ensure the
           free, unhindered and expeditious movement to and from the CAR of all personnel,
           as well as equipment, provisions, supplies and other goods, including vehicles and
           spare parts, which are for the exclusive and official use of MINUSCA;

           Humanitarian access
                 45. Demands that all parties allow and facilitate the full, safe, immediate and
           unhindered access for the timely delivery of humanitarian assistance to populations
           in need, in particular to internally displaced persons, throughout the territory of the
           CAR, in accordance with the United Nations guiding principles of humanitarian
           assistance and relevant provisions of international law;

           Humanitarian appeal
                46. Welcomes the Humanitarian appeal, regrets its insufficient current
           funding, and calls on Member States and international and regional organizations to
           respond swiftly to this appeal through increased contributions and to e nsure that all
           pledges are honoured in full;

           French Forces
                 47. Authorizes French forces, within the limits of their capacities and areas
           of deployment, from the commencement of the activities of MINUSCA until the end
           of MINUSCA’s mandate as authorized in this resolution, to use all necessary means
           to provide operational support to elements of MINUSCA from the date of adoption
           of this resolution, at the request of the Secretary-General and requests France to

14-29581                                                                                13/14

S/RES/2149 (2014)

               report to the Council on the implementation of this mandate as of 15 September
               2014 and to coordinate its reporting with that of the Secretary-General referred to in
               paragraph 40 of this resolution;

               Reporting
                     48. Recalls its presidential statement of 5 August 2009 by which the Security
               Council requested that where a new peacekeeping mission is proposed, or where
               significant change to a mandate is envisaged, an estimate of the resource
               implications for the Mission be provided to the Security Council;
                    49. Welcomes the Secretary-General’s recommendation that the objectives
               and priorities of a United Nations operation, and hence its configuration, activities
               and related resources, should be adjusted over time to the situation on the ground
               and requests in this regard the Secretary-General, in his first report to the Council,
               to update the Council on the Mission Concept, including a concept of operations and
               benchmarks for the sequencing of the mandate, and on an exit strategy, which will
               be developed following the adoption of this resolution, includi ng by providing the
               necessary financial information, and the implementation of which will be monitored
               by the Council;
                     50. Requests the Secretary-General to keep the Council regularly informed of
               the situation in the Central African Republic and the imple mentation of the mandate
               of MINUSCA, to report to the Council, on 1 August 2014, and then every four
               months from that date and to include in his reports to the Council updates on and
               recommendations related to the dynamic implementation MINUSCA’s mandated
               tasks, including by providing appropriate financial information, information on the
               security situation, the priority political elements as defined above on political
               progress, progress on mechanisms and capacity to advance governance and fiscal
               management, relevant information on the progress, promotion and protection of
               human rights and international humanitarian law as well as a review of the troop and
               police levels, force and police generation and deployment of all MINUSCA’s
               constituent elements;
                    51.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

14/14                                                                                14-29581

Security Council resolution 2149 (2014) [on establishment of the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) until 30 Apr. 2015]

S/69 [227] UN MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTEGRATED STABILIZATION MISSION IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
S/69 [183] UN INTEGRATED PEACEBUILDING OFFICE IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
S/69 [181] CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC SITUATION

Communauté économique des Etats de l'Afrique centrale|African-led International Support Mission in the Central African Republic (MISCA)|UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|POLITICAL CONDITIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC|HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|DISARMAMENT|MILITARY DEMOBILIZATION|SOCIAL INTEGRATION|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE

Northern America|Sub-Saharan Africa|Western Europe

Central African Republic|Cameroon|Congo, The Democratic Republic of the|Congo|France|Chad|United States


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2150 (2014)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                16 April 2014

               Resolution 2150 (2014)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 7155th meeting, on
               16 April 2014

                    The Security Council,
                    Reaffirming the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of
               Human Rights, and the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime
               of Genocide,
                     Further reaffirming the significance of the Convention on the Prevention and
               Punishment of the Crime of Genocide as an effective international instrument for
               the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide, emphasizing that the crime
               of genocide as recognized in this Convention, is an odious scourge that has inflicted
               great losses on humanity, and that further international cooperation is required to
               facilitate the timely prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide,
                     Recognizing that States bear the primary responsibility to respect and ensure
               the human rights of their citizens, as well as other individuals within their territory
               as provided for by relevant international law,
                    Acknowledging the important role played by regional and subregional
               arrangements in the prevention of, and response to, situations that may lead to
               genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, especially noting Article 4(h) of
               the Constitutive Act of the African Union,
                    Recalling the important role of the Secretary-General’s Special Advisers on
               the Prevention of Genocide and the Responsibility to Protect, whose functions
               include acting as an early warning mechanism to prevent potential situations that
               could result in genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and ethnic cleansing,
                      Recalling the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
               (ICTR), established pursuant to its resolution 955 (1994) for the sole purpose of
               prosecuting persons responsible for genocide and other serious violations of
               international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda and Rwandan
               citizens responsible for genocide and other such violations committed in the
               territory of neighbouring States, between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994,
               and further recalling that genocide involves intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a
               national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such,

14-30251 (E)
*1430251*

S/RES/2150 (2014)

                    Recalling the conclusions of the final report (S/1994/1405) of the Commission
               of Experts, established pursuant to Security Council resolution 935 (1994), among
               which included that “there exists overwhelming evidence to prove that acts of
               genocide against the Tutsi group were perpetrated,” and noting that during the
               genocide, Hutu and others who opposed it were also killed,
                     Recalling that the Appeals Chamber of the ICTR issued, on 16 June 2006, a
               judicial notice (ICTR-98-44-AR73(C)) concluding that it was a “fact of common
               knowledge” that “between 6 April and 17 July 1994, there was a genocide in
               Rwanda against the Tutsi ethnic group”, further recalling that more than a million
               people were killed during the genocide, including Hutu and others who opposed it,
               and noting with concern any form of denial of that genocide,
                    Noting with concern that many genocide suspects continue to elude justice,
               including the remaining nine ICTR-indicted fugitives,
                     Reaffirming its strong opposition to impunity for serious violations of
               international humanitarian law and human rights law, and emphasizing in this
               context the responsibility of States to comply with their re levant obligations to end
               impunity and, to that end, to thoroughly investigate and prosecute persons
               responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, or other serious
               violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law, in
               order to avoid their recurrence and to seek sustainable peace, justice, truth and
               reconciliation,
                     Stressing that the fight against impunity and to ensure accountability for
               genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes has been
               strengthened through the work on and prosecution of these crimes in the
               international criminal justice system, ad hoc and mixed tribunals as well as
               specialized chambers in national tribunals; and recognizing in this regard the
               contribution of the International Criminal Court, in accordance with the principle of
               complementarity to national criminal jurisdictions as set out in the Rome Statute,
               towards holding accountable those responsible for such crimes, and reiterating its
               call on the importance of State cooperation with these courts and tribunals in
               accordance with the States’ respective obligations,
                    Recognizing the contribution made by the ICTR to the fight against impunity
               and the development of international criminal justice, especially in re lation to the
               crime of genocide,
                     Noting that the prosecution of persons responsible for genocide and other
               serious international crimes, through the national justice system, including the
               Gacaca Courts of Rwanda, and the ICTR, contributed to the process o f national
               reconciliation and to the restoration and maintenance of peace in Rwanda,
                     Recalling that leaders and members of the Democratic Forces for the
               Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), were among the perpetrators of the 1994 genocide
               against the Tutsi in Rwanda, during which Hutu and others who opposed the
               genocide were also killed, further recalling that the FDLR is a group under United
               Nations sanctions, operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and
               which has continued to promote and commit ethnically based and other killings in
               Rwanda and in the DRC, and stressing the importance of neutralizing this group, in
               line with the Security Council resolution 2098 (2013),

2/3                                                                                14-30251

                                                                                S/RES/2150 (2014)

                Recalling that the General Assembly has, on 23 December 2003, designated
           the date of 7th April as “the International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide
           in Rwanda”,
                Emphasizing the particular importance of all forms of education in order to
           prevent the commission of future genocides,
                1.    Calls upon States to recommit to prevent and fight against genocide, and
           other serious crimes under international law, reaffirms paragraphs 138 and 139 of
           the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document ( A/60/L.1) on the responsibility to
           protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against
           humanity, and underscores the importance of taking into account lessons learned
           from the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, during which Hutu and others
           who opposed the genocide were also killed;
                2.    Condemns without reservation any denial of this Genocide, and urges
           Member States to develop educational programmes that will inculcate future
           generations with the lessons of the Genocide in order to help prevent future
           genocides;
                 3.   Welcomes efforts by Member States to investigate and prosecute those
           accused of this genocide, calls upon all States to cooperate with the ICTR, the
           International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals and the G overnment of
           Rwanda in the arrest and prosecution of the remaining nine ICTR -indicted fugitives,
           and further calls upon States to investigate, arrest, prosecute or extradite, in
           accordance with applicable international obligations, all other fugitives accu sed of
           genocide residing on their territories, including those who are FDLR leaders;
                 4.   Requests the Secretary-General to ensure greater collaboration between
           existing early warning mechanisms for genocide prevention and other serious
           international crimes, in order to help to detect, assess and respond to sources of
           tension and points of risks or identify vulnerable populations;
                5.    Calls upon States that have not yet ratified or acceded to the Convention
           on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Ge nocide to consider doing so as
           a matter of high priority and, where necessary, to enact national legislation in order
           to meet their obligations under that Convention.

14-30251                                                                                3/3

Security Council resolution 2150 (2014) [on prevention and fight against genocide and other serious crimes under international law]

S/69 [33] HUMAN RIGHTS
S/69 [95] RWANDA SITUATION

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948)|GENOCIDE|GENOCIDE PREVENTION|RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT|SIGNATURES, ACCESSIONS, RATIFICATIONS

Congo, The Democratic Republic of the|Congo|Rwanda


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2151 (2014)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                28 April 2014

               Resolution 2151 (2014)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 7161st meeting, on
               28 April 2014

                    The Security Council,
                     Reaffirming its primary responsibility under the Charter of the United Na tions
               for the maintenance of international peace and security,
                     Stressing that reforming the security sector in post-conflict environments is
               critical to the consolidation of peace and stability, promoting poverty reduction, rule
               of law and good governance, extending legitimate State authority, and preventing
               countries from relapsing into conflict, and further stressing that, in this regard, a
               professional, effective and accountable security sector and accessible and impartial
               law-enforcement and justice sectors are equally necessary to laying the foundations
               for peace and sustainable development,
                    Recalling the sovereign right and the primary responsibility of the country
               concerned to determine the national approach and priorities of security sector
               reform and recognizing that it should be a nationally owned process that is rooted in
               the particular needs and conditions of the country in question and encouraging the
               development of expertise in the field of security sector reform at the national level,
                     Recognizing that the political leadership and political will of national
               authorities are critical for the progress of security sector reform and reaffirming the
               lead role of national authorities in developing an inclusive national vision for
               security sector reform, coordinating the implementation of the vision, dedicating
               national resources towards national security institutions, and monitoring the impact
               of the security sector reform process,
                     Recalling the statements by its President of 21 February 2007
               (S/PRST/2007/3), 12 May 2008 (S/PRST/2008/14) and 12 October 2011
               (S/PRST/2011/19), and noting with appreciation the report of the Secretary-General
               entitled “Securing States and societies: strengthening the United Nations
               comprehensive support to security sector reform” (S/2013/480) of 13 August 2013,
                    Recalling reports of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations of the
               General Assembly, which have provided guidance to the United Nations Secretariat
               on the subject of security sector reform and the development of a United Nations
               approach to security sector reform,

14-31391 (E)
*1431391*

S/RES/2151 (2014)

                     Expressing concern at the range of challenges that weak and dysfunctional
               security institutions pose, including impairing the ability of the State to extend
               public security and rule of law within its boundaries, and noting that good
               governance and oversight of the security sector is important in ensuring that security
               institutions are capable of protecting the population, and further noting that failure
               to address operational and accountability deficits can undermine the positive gains
               of peacekeeping and necessitates the return of peacekeeping and special political
               missions in previous areas of operation and recognizing that effective security sector
               reform processes have been an important element of the stabilization and
               reconstruction of some post-conflict countries,
                    Reaffirming that an effective, professional and accountable security sector
               without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law is
               the cornerstone of peace and sustainable development and is important for co nflict
               prevention,
                     Recalling that the bulk of Security Council-mandated United Nations
               assistance in the area of security sector reform takes place in, and is directed to,
               countries in Africa and that a number of African countries are becoming important
               providers of such assistance,
                     Noting the support provided by bilateral actors, as well as regional actors,
               including the European Union, to security sector reform efforts and other initiatives
               in the area of security sector reform, in particular in Afric a, and stressing the
               importance of coordination as appropriate between the different actors involved in
               supporting security sector reforms through bilateral contributions and emphasizing
               the role United Nations peacekeeping operations or special political missions can
               play in enhancing this coordination,
                    Recognizing the centrality of security sector reform as a key element of
               peacekeeping and special political mission mandates, noting the increasing number
               and complexity of mission mandates on security sector reform, and emphasizing the
               importance of the United Nations, including through its peacekeeping operations
               and special political missions, supporting national Governments, upon their request
               where appropriate, to develop security institutions that are accessible and responsive
               to the needs of their population, and the important role of the Peacebuilding
               Commission and the Peacebuilding Fund in supporting security sector reform,
                     Recalling the important role that the United Nations has played in support ing
               national efforts to build sustainable security institutions, and commending the
               efforts of the United Nations, in particular the Department of Peacekeeping
               Operations, including the Security Sector Reform Unit and the United Nations
               Inter-Agency Security Sector Reform Task Force, in further strengthening a
               comprehensive United Nations approach to security sector reform, through the
               development of guidance and civilian capacities, coordination mechanisms, and
               collaboration with regional and subregional organizations, in particular the African
               Union,
                     Underlining the importance of the close coordination of the range of United
               Nations Security Sector Reform activities, both at headquarters and in the field, in
               particular between Security Council-mandated missions and the United Nations
               Country Team, as appropriate, and encouraging relevant United Nations entities

2/6                                                                                14-31391

                                                                                S/RES/2151 (2014)

           mandated for security sector reform activities to work through the existing
           coordination mechanisms, as appropriate,
                 Acknowledging the necessity for the United Nations to balance its support for
           the reform of individual components of the security sector, which in some contexts
           include defence, police, corrections, and border and immigration services, with
           sector-wide initiatives that address strategic governance, management and oversight
           aspects in order to ensure their long-term sustainability based on the particular
           needs and conditions of the country in question,
                 Reiterating the importance of the rule of law as one of the key elements of
           conflict prevention, peacekeeping, conflict resolution and peacebuilding and
           reiterating the statement by its President of 21 February 2014 ( S/PRST/2014/5), and
           recalling that security sector reform must take place within a broad framework of
           the rule of law, and noting in this regard the contribution that effective, professional
           and accountable police services, that provide security to the population, can make in
           building trust between State authorities and communities and restoring the rule of
           law in post-conflict countries,
                 Reaffirming its commitment to address the impact of armed conflict on women
           and children, and recalling its resolutions 1325 (2000), 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009),
           1960 (2010), 2106 (2013) and 2122 (2013) on women, peace and security,
           resolutions 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000), 1674 (2006), 1738 (2006) and 1894 (2009) on
           the protection of civilians in armed conflict, as well as resolutions 1261 (1999),
           1612 (2005), 1882 (2009), 1998 (2011), 2068 (2012) and 2143 (2014) on children
           and armed conflict,
                 Recognizing that security sector reform constitutes a key element of the
           political processes of States recovering from conflict and of the strengthening of the
           rule of law institutions,
                 Recognizing the interlinkages between security sector reform and other
           important factors of stabilization and reconstruction, such as, but not limited to,
           transitional justice, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration as well as longterm rehabilitation of former combatants including in particular women and
           children, national small arms and light weapons management, arms embargo
           implementation, reduction of armed violence, organized crime and anti-corruption
           measures, protection of civilians, including in particular women and children, as
           well as gender equality and human rights issues,
                 1.   Reaffirms the importance of security sector reform in the stabilizati on
           and reconstruction of States in the aftermath of conflict and resolves to continue to
           include and prioritise, as appropriate, security sector reform aspects as an integral
           part of the mandates of United Nations peacekeeping operations and special
           political missions;
                2.    Reiterates the centrality of national ownership for security sector reform
           processes, and further reiterates the responsibility of the country concerned in the
           determination of security sector reform assistance, where appropriate, and
           recognizes the importance of considering the perspectives of the host countries in
           the formulation of relevant mandates of United Nations peacekeeping operations
           and special political missions;

14-31391                                                                                3/6

S/RES/2151 (2014)

                     3.   Encourages Member States undertaking reform to take the lead in
               defining an inclusive national vision on security sector reform, informed by the
               needs and aspirations of the population, and acknowledges the important role of the
               United Nations, including its Peacebuilding Commission, and Member States,
               regional and subregional organizations in assisting States in this regard;
                     4.    Recognizes that security sector reform needs to be in support of, and
               informed by, broader national political processes, inclusive of all segments of the
               society, including the participation of civil society, that lay the foundations for
               stability and peace through national dialogue and reconciliation efforts, and resolves
               to link security sector reform to such efforts;
                     5.   Stresses that security sector reform is critical to addressing imp unity for
               violations and abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian
               law, where applicable, and contributes to the rule of law;
                     6.   Encourages Member States, when undertaking security sector reforms, to
               mainstream child protection, such as the inclusion of child protection in military
               training and standard operating procedures, as well as in military guidance as
               appropriate, the establishment of child protection units in national security forces, of
               effective age assessment mechanisms to prevent underage recruitment, of vetting
               mechanisms to ensure that those responsible for violations and abuses against
               children are not included in the ranks of national security forces and of measures to
               protect schools and hospitals from attack and to prevent the military use of schools
               in contravention of applicable international law;
                     7.   Stresses the importance of security sector reform, which better integrates
               policing, defence, border management and security, maritime security, civil
               protection, and other relevant functions, including through the development of
               professional, accessible, and accountable policing capabilities that strengthen
               community resilience, as well as the institutions responsible for their oversight and
               management, and urges the effective integration as regards sector-wide and
               component levels of United Nations support both at headquarters and in the field, as
               appropriate;
                     8.    Stresses the importance of the relevant bodies of the United Nations
               undertaking mission planning processes for security sector reform, where mandated,
               that gives full consideration to supporting national security sector reform efforts,
               taking into account the specific needs of the host country, and collaborating with
               other relevant international and regional actors providing security sector reform
               assistance to the national government;
                      9.   Underlines the importance of strengthening support for sector-wide
               initiatives that aim to enhance the governance and overall performance of the
               security sector and address the foundations upon which security institutions in each
               component area are built, such as through support to national security dialogues;
               national security sector reviews and mappings; national security policy and strategy;
               national security legislation; national security sector plans; security sector public
               expenditure reviews; and national security oversight, management and coordination;
                     10. Underlines that the management of a transition from a peacekeeping
               operation or special political mission in relation to its security sector reform
               activities should be based upon a timely analysis, in consultation with the host
               country, of any assistance beyond the duration of the mandate to enable

4/6                                                                                14-31391

                                                                                S/RES/2151 (2014)

           peacebuilding and development actors to undertake the necessary strategic planning
           and fundraising, working in close partnership with the national authorities, and to
           transfer skills and expertise to host country officials and experts as quickly as
           possible in order to ensure a successful and durable transition;
                 11. Notes that the United Nations is particularly well positioned to support
           and coordinate sector-wide reforms as necessary in specific situations and has broad
           experience as well as comparative advantages in this area working in close
           collaboration with relevant international and regional actors, and encourages
           Member States to continue to be engaged and to facilitate strategic discussions on
           strengthening the United Nations approach in this critical area, including through
           the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations of the General Assembly and
           the Peacebuilding Commission;
                 12. Notes the important role that United Nations police can play in
           supporting, and coordinating international support for, reform of national police
           institutions and building police capacity in a comprehensive way that emphasizes a
           community-oriented approach and inter alia builds strong governance, oversight and
           accountability mechanisms within the framework of a functional judicial and
           corrections system;
                 13. Recognizes the need for the United Nations peacekeeping operations and
           special political missions with relevant mandates and the Inter-Agency Security
           Sector Reform Task Force to further strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of
           United Nations security sector reform initiatives with the aim of ensuring the
           effectiveness, coordination and coherence of the support provided by the United
           Nations to national Governments;
                 14. Encourages Member States to provide voluntary support to security
           sector reform efforts, including at a sector-wide level, in accordance with the
           priorities set forth by national authorities;
                15. Resolves to continue to promote the role of the United Nations
           Secretariat in supporting security sector reform, and requests the Secretary-General
           to consider undertaking the following in the context of relevant country-specific
           mandates:
                 (a) Strengthen the comprehensive approach of the United Nations in security
           sector reform;
                 (b) Develop additional guidance for relevant United Nations officials,
           including for Special Representatives of the Secretary-General and Envoys, and
           assist relevant senior United Nations management to understand how to deliver
           mandated security sector reform tasks;
                 (c) Encourage the Secretary-General’s Special Representatives and Envoys
           to fully take into account the strategic value of security sector reform in their work,
           including through their good offices, where mandated;
                (d) Highlight in his regular reports to the Security Council on specific
           United Nations operations mandated by the Security Council, updates on progress of
           security sector reform, where mandated, in order to improve Security Council
           oversight of security sector reform activities;

14-31391                                                                                5/6

S/RES/2151 (2014)

                     (e) Continue to develop integrated technical guidance notes and related
               training modules, as well as other tools as appropriate, to promote coherent and
               coordinated United Nations support to security sector reform, and develop
               modalities for joint delivery of assistance to national reform efforts;
                    (f) Ensure that assistance related to security sector reform takes into account
               the operation of Security Council-mandated arms embargoes, where applicable,
               including the availability of exemptions to such embargoes specifically intended to
               support security sector reform;
                     16. Underlines the importance of partnerships and cooperation with regional
               and subregional arrangements and organizations, in accordance with Chapter VIII of
               the United Nations Charter, and in supporting security sector reform, as well as
               fostering greater regional engagement;
                     17. Encourages the Secretary-General to continue to promote cooperation
               between the United Nations and the African Union, consistent with the framework
               agreement for the 10-year capacity-building programme for the African Union,
               towards its efforts to strengthen its continent-wide policy framework for security
               sector reform, informed by and in support of the African Peace and Security
               Architecture, and further encourages all partners to continue to assist the African
               Union in building its capacities in this regard;
                    18. Reiterates the importance of sharing experiences and expertise on
               security sector reform among Members States and regional and subregional
               organizations, and in this regard encourages a deepening of South-South exchange
               and cooperation;
                     19. Underscores the importance of women’s equal and effective participation
               and full involvement in all stages of the security sector reform process, given their
               vital role in the prevention and resolution of conflict and peacebuilding, and in
               strengthening civilian protection measures in security services, including the
               provision of adequate training for security personnel, the inclusion of more women
               in the security sector, and effective vetting processes in order to exclude
               perpetrators of sexual violence from the security sector;
                    20.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

6/6                                                                                14-31391

Security Council resolution 2151 (2014) [on security sector reform]

SECURITY SECTOR REFORM|PEACEBUILDING|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|PARTNERSHIP|COORDINATION WITHIN UN SYSTEM


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2152 (2014)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               29 April 2014

               Resolution 2152 (2014)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 7162nd meeting, on
               29 April 2014

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling and reaffirming all its previous resolutions on Western Sahara,
                    Reaffirming its strong support for the efforts of the Secretary-General and his
               Personal Envoy to implement resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008),
               1871 (2009), 1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), 2044 (2012), and 2099 (2013),
                     Reaffirming its commitment to assist the parties to achieve a just, lasting, and
               mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the self-determination
               of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements consistent with the
               principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and noting the role and
               responsibilities of the parties in this respect,
                     Reiterating its call upon the parties and the neighbouring states to cooperate
               more fully with the United Nations and with each other and to strengthen their
               involvement to end the current impasse and to achieve progress towards a political
               solution,
                    Recognizing that achieving a political solution to this long-standing dispute
               and enhanced cooperation between the Member States of the Maghreb Arab Union
               would contribute to stability and security in the Sahel region,
                    Welcoming the efforts of the Secretary-General to keep all peacekeeping
               operations, including the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western
               Sahara (MINURSO), under close review and reiterating the need for the Council to
               pursue a rigorous, strategic approach to peacekeeping deployments, and effective
               management of resources,
                     Expressing concern about the violations of existing agreements, and calling on
               the parties to respect their relevant obligations,
                    Taking note of the Moroccan proposal presented on 11 April 2007 to the
               Secretary-General and welcoming serious and credible Moroccan efforts to move the
               process forward towards resolution; also taking note of the Polisario Front proposal
               presented 10 April 2007 to the Secretary-General,

14-31481 (E)
*1431481*

S/RES/2152 (2014)

                    Encouraging in this context, the parties to demonstrate further political will
               towards a solution including by expanding upon their discussion of each other ’s
               proposals,
                    Taking note of the four rounds of negotiations held under the auspices of the
               Secretary-General and welcoming the commitment of the parties to continue the
               negotiations process,
                    Encouraging the parties to continue cooperating with the Office of the High
               Commissioner for Refugees in implementing the January 2012 updated Plan of
               Action on Confidence Building Measures,
                     Stressing the importance of improving the human rights situation in Western
               Sahara and the Tindouf camps, and encouraging the parties to work with the
               international community to develop and implement independent and credible
               measures to ensure full respect for human rights, bearing in mind their relevant
               obligations under international law,
                    Encouraging the parties to continue in their respective efforts to enhance the
               promotion and protection of human rights in Western Sahara and the Tindouf
               refugee camps, including the freedoms of expression and association,
                     Recognizing and welcoming, in this regard, the recent steps and initiatives
               taken by Morocco to strengthen the National Council on Human Rights
               Commissions operating in Dakhla and Laayoune, and Morocco ’s ongoing
               interaction with Special Procedures of the United Nations Human Rights Council,
               including those planned for 2014, as well as the planned visit of the Office of the
               High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in 2014,
                    Also welcoming the implementation of the enhanced refugee protection
               programme developed by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for
               Refugees in coordination with the Polisario Front, which includes refugee and
               human rights training and awareness initiatives,
                    Reiterating its request for consideration of a refugee registration in the
               Tindouf refugee camps and inviting efforts in this regard,
                    Welcoming the commitment of the parties to continue the process of
               negotiations through the United Nations-sponsored talks,
                     Recognizing that the consolidation of the status quo is not acceptable, and
               noting further that progress in the negotiations is essential in order to improve the
               quality of life of the people of Western Sahara in all its aspects,
                    Affirming support for the Secretary-General’s Personal Envoy for Western
               Sahara Ambassador Christopher Ross and his work in facilitating negotiations
               between the parties, and, welcoming to that effect his recent initiatives and ongoing
               consultations with the parties and neighbouring states,
                    Affirming support for the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for
               Western Sahara and Head of MINURSO Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber,
                    Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 10 April 2014
               (S/2014/258),
                    1.    Decides to extend the mandate of MINURSO until 30 April 2015;

2/4                                                                                14-31481

                                                                                S/RES/2152 (2014)

                 2.   Reaffirms the need for full respect of the military agreements reached
           with MINURSO with regard to the ceasefire and calls on the parties to adhere fully
           to those agreements;
                 3.  Calls upon all parties to cooperate fully with the operations of
           MINURSO, including its free interaction with all interlocutors, and to take the
           necessary steps to ensure the security of as well as unhindered movement and
           immediate access for the United Nations and associated personnel in carrying out
           their mandate, in conformity with existing agreements;
                 4.     Welcomes the parties’ commitment to continue the process of preparation
           for a fifth round of negotiations, and recalls its endorsem ent of the recommendation
           in the report of 14 April 2008 (S/2008/251) that realism and a spirit of compromise
           by the parties are essential to achieve progress in negotiations;
                5.    Calls upon the parties to continue to show political will and work in an
           atmosphere propitious for dialogue in order to enter into a more intensive and
           substantive phase of negotiations, thus ensuring implementation of resolutions 1754
           (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008), 1871 (2009), 1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), 2044
           (2012), and 2099 (2013), and the success of negotiations;
                6.    Affirms its strong support for the commitment of the Secretary-General
           and his Personal Envoy towards a solution to the question of Western Sahara in this
           context and calls for renewed meetings and strengthening of contacts;
                  7.   Calls upon the parties to continue negotiations under the auspices of the
           Secretary-General without preconditions and in good faith, taking into account the
           efforts made since 2006 and subsequent developments, with a view to achieving a
           just, lasting, and mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the
           self-determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements
           consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and
           noting the role and responsibilities of the parties in this respect;
                8.    Invites Member States to lend appropriate assistance to these talks;
                 9.    Requests the Secretary-General to brief the Security Council on a regular
           basis, and at least twice a year, on the status and progress of these negotiations
           under his auspices, on the implementation of this resolution, challenges to
           MINURSO’s operations and steps taken to address them, expresses its intention to
           meet to receive and discuss his briefings and in this regard, and further requests the
           Secretary-General to provide a report on the situation in Western Sahara well before
           the end of the mandate period;
                10. Welcomes the commitment of the parties and the neighbouring states to
           hold periodic meetings with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner
           for Refugees to review and, where possible, expand confidence -building measures;
                11. Urges Member States to provide voluntary contributions to fund
           confidence-building measures agreed upon between the parties, including those that
           allow for visits between separated family members;
                12. Notes the Secretary-General’s request for an additional 15 United
           Nations military observers and supports this request within existing resources;

14-31481                                                                                3/4

S/RES/2152 (2014)

                     13. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take the necessary
               measures to ensure full compliance in MINURSO with the United Nations zero -
               tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to keep the Council informed,
               and urges troop-contributing countries to take appropriate preventive action
               including predeployment awareness training, and other action to ensure full
               accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel;
                    14.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

4/4                                                                                14-31481

Security Council resolution 2152 (2014) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 30 Apr. 2015]

S/69 [44] WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION
S/69 [45] UN MISSION FOR THE REFERENDUM IN WESTERN SAHARA

UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|NEGOTIATION|PEACE AGREEMENTS|WESTERN SAHARA|WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION