               United Nations                                                                  S/RES/1531 (2004)
               Security Council                                              Distr.: General
                                                                             12 March 2004

               Resolution 1531 (2004)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 4924th meeting, on
               12 March 2004

                    The Security Council,
                     Reaffirming all its previous resolutions and statements pertaining to the
               situation between Ethiopia and Eritrea, and the requirements contained therein,
               including in particular resolution 1507 (2003) of 12 September 2003,
                     Reiterating its support for the peace process and its unwaivering commitment,
               including through the role played by the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and
               Eritrea (UNMEE), to the full and expeditious implementation of the Comprehensive
               Peace Agreement signed by the Governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea (hereinafter
               referred to as “the parties”) on 12 December 2000 and the preceding Agreement on
               the Cessation of Hostilities of 18 June 2000 (S/2000/1183 and S/2000/601,
               respectively, hereinafter referred to as the “Algiers Agreements”), and the
               delimitation decision by the Boundary Commission of 13 April 2002 (S/2002/423),
               embraced by the parties as final and binding in accordance with the Algiers
               Agreements,
                     Noting with concern the continuing impasse in the peace process, mainly due
               to the lack of progress in the demarcation of the border,
                     Taking note with concern of the Twelfth report on the work of the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission of 27 February 2004, in particular its conclusion
               that under the present circumstances the Commission is unable to progress with
               demarcation activities,
                   Expressing its concern about Ethiopia’s rejection of significant parts of the
               Boundary Commission’s decision, and its current lack of cooperation with the
               Boundary Commission,
                     Expressing disappointment also about Eritrea’s refusal at present to engage
               with the Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for Ethiopia and Eritrea,
                    Emphasizing that cooperation with the Special Envoy offers both parties a
               concrete opportunity to move the peace process forward,
                    Recognizing the increasing demand for United Nations peacekeeping and
               resources from the international community for peacekeeping and peace-building

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               purposes, and recalling the additional operational costs due to the delays in the
               demarcation process,
                    Expressing its support for the Special Representative of the Secretary-General
               and for UNMEE,
                    Having considered the report of the Secretary-General (S/2004/180), and fully
               supporting the observations made therein,
                    1.    Decides to extend the mandate of UNMEE at the troop and military
               observer levels authorized by its resolution 1320 (2000) of 15 September 2000, until
               15 September 2004;
                    2.   Strongly urges the parties once again to cooperate fully and expeditiously
               with UNMEE in the implementation of its mandate, and to step up its efforts to
               ensure the security of all UNMEE staff, and reiterates in the strongest terms its
               demand that the parties allow UNMEE full freedom of movement and remove with
               immediate effect and without preconditions any and all restrictions on, and
               impediments to the work of, UNMEE and its staff in the discharge of their mandate;
                    3.    Stresses that the primary responsibility for implementation of the Algiers
               Agreements and the decision of the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission lies with
               both parties;
                     4.    Calls on the parties to cooperate fully and promptly with the Boundary
               Commission, and to create the necessary conditions for demarcation to proceed
               expeditiously, including through the unequivocal restating of Ethiopia’s acceptance
               of the Boundary Commission’s decision, the appointment by Ethiopia of field
               liaison officers, and the payment of its dues to the Boundary Commission;
                    5.    Reaffirms the crucial importance of a political dialogue between the two
               countries for the completion of the peace process and the consolidation of progress
               achieved so far, and urges both parties to normalize their relations, including
               through confidence-building measures, and to refrain from any threat or use of force
               against each other;
                    6.    Reiterates its support for the initiative of the Secretary-General to
               exercise his good offices by appointing a Special Envoy, in order to facilitate the
               implementation of the Algiers Agreements, the decision of the Boundary
               Commission, and the relevant resolutions and decisions of the Security Council, and
               to encourage the normalization of diplomatic relations between the two countries,
               and emphasizes that this appointment does not constitute an alternative mechanism;
                    7.   Expresses its full support for the Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for
               Ethiopia and Eritrea, Lloyd Axworthy, stresses that the Special Envoy enjoys the
               unanimous support of the witnesses to the Algiers Agreements, namely the United
               Nations, the United States of America, Algeria, the African Union, and the
               European Union, and urges both parties, in particular the government of Eritrea, to
               engage constructively and without further delay with the Special Envoy;
                     8.    Urges both parties once again to establish expeditiously a direct highaltitude flight route between Asmara and Addis Ababa to relieve the unnecessary
               additional cost to UNMEE and member States;

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                                                                               S/RES/1531 (2004)

     9.    Decides to monitor closely the steps taken by the parties in the
implementation of their commitments under the Algiers Agreements, including
through the Boundary Commission, and to review any implications for UNMEE;
      10. Requests the Secretary-General to monitor the situation closely and to
keep under review the mission’s effectiveness, and to adjust and streamline the
mission’s operations as needed, taking into account also the mandate of UNMEE as
outlined in paragraph 2 of resolution 1320 (2000);
     11.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

                                                                                3

Security Council resolution 1531 (2004) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE)]

S/59 [153] UN MISSION IN ETHIOPIA AND ERITREA
S/59 [152] ERITREA--ETHIOPIA

Axworthy, Lloyd > (Canada)|UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea|UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea > Terms of reference|Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission|UN. Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Ethiopia and Eritrea|Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities between the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Government of the State of Eritrea (2000)|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|BOUNDARIES|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT|FOREIGN RELATIONS|ERITREA|ETHIOPIA|AIR TRAVEL|ASMERA (ERITREA)|ADDIS ABABA (ETHIOPIA)|STAFF SECURITY|LIAISON OFFICES|NEGOTIATION|CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES|GOOD OFFICES|DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS|COSTS

Northern Africa|Northern America|Sub-Saharan Africa


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/1533 (2004)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               12 March 2004

               Resolution 1533 (2004)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 4926th meeting,
               on 12 March 2004

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions and the statements by its President
               concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
                     Reiterating its concern regarding the presence of armed groups and militias in
               the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, particularly in North and
               South Kivu and in Ituri, which perpetuate a climate of insecurity in the whole
               region,
                   Condemning the continuing illicit flow of weapons into the Democratic
               Republic of the Congo, and declaring its determination to closely monitor
               compliance with the arms embargo imposed by its resolution 1493 of 28 July 2003,
                     Underscoring the right of the Congolese people to control their own natural
               resources, recalling in this regard the statement made by its President on 19
               November 2003 (S/PRST/2003/21), which emphasizes the connection, in the context
               of the continuing conflict, between the illegal exploitation of natural resources and
               trafficking in raw materials and arms, as highlighted in the final report of the Panel
               of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of
               Wealth in the Democratic Republic of Congo (S/2003/1027), and stressing for this
               purpose, the need for all Member States to work to achieve an end to the illegal
               exploitation of natural resources,
                    Encouraging all States signatories to the Nairobi Declaration of 15 March
               2000 on the Problem of the Proliferation of Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons in
               the Great Lakes Region and Horn of Africa to implement quickly the measures
               required by the Co-ordinated Agenda for Action as an important means of support of
               the measures imposed by paragraph 20 of resolution 1493,
                    Taking note of the Secretary-General’s fourteenth report on the United Nations
               Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC), dated 17
               November 2003 (S/2003/1098), and of its recommendations,
                    Noting that the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo continues to
               constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

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                      1.   Reaffirms the demand, laid down in paragraph 20 of resolution 1493, that
               all States take the necessary measures to prevent the supply of arms and any related
               materiel or assistance to armed groups operating in North and South Kivu and in
               Ituri, and to groups not party to the Global and All-Inclusive agreement on the
               Transition in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (signed in Pretoria on 17
               December 2002);
                     2.   Welcomes the recommendations contained in paragraph 72 of the
               fourteenth report of the Secretary-General on MONUC;
                     3.   Requests MONUC to continue to use all means, within its capabilities, to
               carry out the tasks outlined in paragraph 19 of resolution 1493, and in particular to
               inspect, without notice as it deems it necessary, the cargo of aircraft and of any
               transport vehicle using the ports, airports, airfields, military bases and border
               crossings in North and South Kivu and in Ituri;
                     4.   Authorizes MONUC to seize or collect, as appropriate, the arms and any
               related materiel whose presence in the territory of the Democratic Republic of the
               Congo violates the measures imposed by paragraph 20 of resolution 1493, and to
               dispose of such arms and related materiel as appropriate;
                    5.    Reiterates its demand that all parties provide immediate, unconditional
               and unhindered access to MONUC personnel, in accordance with paragraphs 15 and
               19 of resolution 1493, to enable them to carry out the tasks outlined in paragraphs 3
               and 4 above;
                     6.   Reiterates its condemnation of the continuing illegal exploitation of
               natural resources in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, especially in the eastern
               part of the country, which contributes to the perpetuation of the conflict, and
               reaffirms the importance of bringing an end to these illegal activities, including by
               applying the necessary pressure on the armed groups, traffickers and all other actors
               involved;
                    7.    Urges all States, and especially those in the region, to take the
               appropriate steps to end these illegal activities, including through judicial means
               where possible, and, if necessary, to report to the Council;
                    8.    Decides to establish, in accordance with rule 28 of its provisional rules of
               procedure, a Committee of the Security Council consisting of all members of the
               Council (the Committee), to undertake the following tasks:
                    (a) To seek from all States, and particularly those in the region, information
               regarding the actions taken by them to implement effectively the measures imposed
               by paragraph 20 of resolution 1493 and to comply with paragraphs 18 and 24 of the
               same resolution, and thereafter to request from them whatever further information it
               may consider useful; including by providing States with an opportunity, at the
               Committee’s request, to send representatives to meet with the Committee for more
               in-depth discussion of relevant issues;
                     (b) To examine, and to take appropriate action on, information concerning
               alleged violations of the measures imposed by paragraph 20 of resolution 1493 and
               information on alleged arms flows highlighted in the reports of the Panel of Experts
               on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth in the
               Democratic Republic of the Congo, identifying where possible individual and legal

2

                                                                                S/RES/1533 (2004)

entities reported to be engaged in such violations, as well as aircraft or other
vehicles used;
      (c) To present regular reports to the Council on its work, with its
observations and recommendations, in particular on the ways to strengthen the
effectiveness of the measures imposed by paragraph 20 of resolution 1493;
     (d) To consider the lists referred to hereafter in paragraph 10 (g) with a view
to submitting recommendations to the Council for possible future measures to be
taken in this regard;
      (e) To receive notifications in advance from States made under paragraph 21
of resolution 1493 and to decide, if need be, upon any action to be taken;
      9.   Requests all States, in particular those in the region, to report to the
Committee, within sixty days from the date of adoption of this resolution, on the
actions they have taken to implement the measures imposed by paragraph 20 of
resolution 1493, and authorizes the Committee thereafter to request from Member
States whatever further information it may consider necessary;
      10. Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Committee, to
create, within thirty days from the date of adoption of this resolution, and for a
period expiring on 28 July 2004, a group of experts consisting of no more than four
members (the Group of experts), having the necessary skills to perform the
following mandate:
       (a) To examine and analyse information gathered by MONUC in the context
of its monitoring mandate;
     (b) To gather and analyse all relevant information in the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, countries of the region and, as necessary, in other countries,
in cooperation with the governments of those countries, flows of arms and related
materiel, as well as networks operating in violation of the measures imposed by
paragraph 20 of resolution 1493;
     (c) To consider and recommend, where appropriate, ways of improving the
capabilities of States interested, in particular those of the region, to ensure the
measures imposed by paragraph 20 of resolution 1493 are effectively implemented;
      (d) To report to the Council in writing before 15 July 2004, through the
Committee, on the implementation of the measures imposed by paragraph 20 of
resolution 1493, with recommendations in this regard;
     (e)   To keep the Committee frequently updated on its activities;
     (f) To exchange with MONUC, as appropriate, information that might be of
use in the fulfilment of its monitoring mandate as described in paragraph 3 and 4
above;
      (g) To provide the Committee in its reports with a list, with supporting
evidence, of those found to have violated the measures imposed by paragraph 20 of
resolution 1493, and those found to have supported them in such activities for
possible future measures by the Council;
    11. Requests the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for the
Democratic Republic of the Congo to communicate as appropriate to the Security
Council, through the Committee, information gathered by MONUC and, when

                                                                                3

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               possible, reviewed by the Group of experts, concerning supply in arms and related
               materiel to armed groups and militias, and any possible presence of foreign military
               in the Democratic Republic of the Congo;
                     12. Urges all States, relevant United Nations bodies and, as appropriate,
               other organizations and interested parties, to cooperate fully with the Committee and
               with the Group of experts and MONUC, in particular by supplying any information
               at their disposal on possible violations of the measures imposed by paragraph 20 of
               resolution 1493;
                     13. Calls upon the international community, in particular the specialized
               international organizations concerned, to provide financial and technical assistance
               to the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo with a view to helping
               it exercise effective control over its borders and its airspace;
                    14.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

4

Security Council resolution 1533 (2004) [on establishment of a Committee to examine implementation of the measures imposed by resolution 1493 (2003)]

S/59 [102] DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SITUATION

UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo > Establishment|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo > Terms of reference|UN. Expert Panel on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General for the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Global and All-Inclusive Agreement on the Transition in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2002)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|ARMS EMBARGO|INTERNAL SECURITY|DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO|DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SITUATION|ILLICIT ARMS TRAFFICKING|SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE|ARMS TRANSFERS|MILITARY PERSONNEL|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|PORTS|AIRPORTS|MILITARY BASES|BORDER TRAFFIC|SEARCHES AND SEIZURES|WEAPONS DESTRUCTION|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT|NATURAL RESOURCES|NEIGHBOURING STATES|INFORMATION EXCHANGE|PERIODIC REPORTS|RECOMMENDATIONS|REPORT PREPARATION|CONSULTATIONS|GROUPS OF EXPERTS|DATA ANALYSIS|FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE|TECHNICAL COOPERATION

Congo, The Democratic Republic of the|Congo


Middle East, including Palestinian question

The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/1534 (2004)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                26 March 2004

               Resolution 1534 (2004)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 4935th meeting, on
               26 March 2004

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolutions 827 (1993) of 25 May 1993, 955 (1994) of 8
               November 1994, 978 (1995) of 27 February 1995, 1165 (1998) of 30 April 1998,
               1166 (1998) of 13 May 1998, 1329 (2000) of 30 November 2000, 1411 (2002) of 17
               May 2002, 1431 (2002) of 14 August 2002, and 1481 (2003) of 19 May 2003,
                   Recalling and reaffirming in the strongest terms the statement of 23 July 2002
               made by the President of the Security Council (S/PRST/2002/21) endorsing the
               ICTY’s completion strategy and its resolution 1503 (2003) of 28 August 2003,
                    Recalling that resolution 1503 (2003) called on the International Criminal
               Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal
               for Rwanda (ICTR) to take all possible measures to complete investigations by the
               end of 2004, to complete all trial activities at first instance by the end of 2008, and
               to complete all work in 2010 (the Completion Strategies), and requested the
               Presidents and Prosecutors of the ICTY and ICTR, in their annual reports to the
               Council, to explain their plans to implement the Completion Strategies,
                    Welcoming the presentations made by the ICTY and ICTR Presidents and
               Prosecutors to the Security Council on 9 October 2003,
                     Commending the important work of both Tribunals in contributing to lasting
               peace and security and national reconciliation and the progress made since their
               inception, commending them on their efforts so far to give effect to the Completion
               Strategies and calling on them to ensure effective and efficient use of their budgets,
               with accountability,
                     Reiterating its support for the ICTY and ICTR Prosecutors in their continuing
               efforts to bring at large indictees before the ICTY and the ICTR,
                    Noting with concern the problems highlighted in the presentations to the
               Security Council on 9 October 2003 in securing adequate regional cooperation,
                     Also noting with concern indications in the presentations made on 9 October,
               that it might not be possible to implement the Completion Strategies set out in
               resolution 1503 (2003),

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                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.    Reaffirms the necessity of trial of persons indicted by the ICTY and
               reiterates its call on all States, especially Serbia and Montenegro, Croatia and
               Bosnia and Herzegovina, and on the Republika Srpska within Bosnia and
               Herzegovina, to intensify cooperation with and render all necessary assistance to the
               ICTY, particularly to bring Radovan Karadzic and Ratko Mladic, as well as Ante
               Gotovina and all other indictees to the ICTY and calls on all at-large indictees of the
               ICTY to surrender to the ICTY;
                     2.    Reaffirms the necessity of trial of persons indicted by the ICTR and
               reiterates its call on all States, especially Rwanda, Kenya, the Democratic Republic
               of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo to intensify cooperation with and
               render all necessary assistance to the ICTR, including on investigations of the
               Rwandan Patriotic Army and efforts to bring Felicien Kabuga and all other such
               indictees to the ICTR and calls on all at-large indictees of the ICTR to surrender to
               the ICTR;
                     3.    Emphasizes the importance of fully implementing the Completion
               Strategies, as set out in paragraph 7 of resolution 1503 (2003), that calls on the
               ICTY and ICTR to take all possible measures to complete investigations by the end
               of 2004, to complete all trial activities at first instance by the end of 2008 and to
               complete all work in 2010, and urges each Tribunal to plan and act accordingly;
                     4.    Calls on the ICTY and ICTR Prosecutors to review the case load of the
               ICTY and ICTR respectively in particular with a view to determining which cases
               should be proceeded with and which should be transferred to competent national
               jurisdictions, as well as the measures which will need to be taken to meet the
               Completion Strategies referred to in resolution 1503 (2003) and urges them to carry
               out this review as soon as possible and to include a progress report in the
               assessments to be provided to the Council under paragraph 6 of this resolution;
                     5.   Calls on each Tribunal, in reviewing and confirming any new
               indictments, to ensure that any such indictments concentrate on the most senior
               leaders suspected of being most responsible for crimes within the jurisdiction of the
               relevant Tribunal as set out in resolution 1503 (2003);
                     6.    Requests each Tribunal to provide to the Council, by 31 May 2004 and
               every six months thereafter, assessments by its President and Prosecutor, setting out
               in detail the progress made towards implementation of the Completion Strategy of
               the Tribunal, explaining what measures have been taken to implement the
               Completion Strategy and what measures remain to be taken, including the transfer of
               cases involving intermediate and lower rank accused to competent national
               jurisdictions; and expresses the intention of the Council to meet with the President
               and Prosecutor of each Tribunal to discuss these assessments;
                     7.    Declares the Council’s determination to review the situation, and in the
               light of the assessments received under the foregoing paragraph to ensure that the
               time frames set out in the Completion Strategies and endorsed by resolution 1503
               (2003) can be met;
                    8.   Commends those States which have concluded agreements for the
               enforcement of sentences of persons convicted by the ICTY or the ICTR or have
               otherwise accepted such convicted persons to serve their sentences in their

2

                                                                                S/RES/1534 (2004)

respective territories; encourages other States in a position to do so to act likewise;
and invites the ICTY and the ICTR to continue and intensify their efforts to
conclude further agreements for the enforcement of sentences or to obtain the
cooperation of other States in this regard;
     9.    Recalls that the strengthening of competent national judicial systems is
crucially important to the rule of law in general and to the implementation of the
ICTY and ICTR Completion Strategies in particular;
      10. Welcomes in particular the efforts of the Office of the High
Representative, ICTY, and the donor community to create a war crimes chamber in
Sarajevo; encourages all parties to continue efforts to establish the chamber
expeditiously; and encourages the donor community to provide sufficient financial
support to ensure the success of domestic prosecutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina
and in the region;
     11.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

                                                                                3

Security Council resolution 1534 (2004) [on necessity of trial of persons indicted by the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda]

S/59 [76] INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL--FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
S/59 [75] FORMER YUGOSLAVIA--HUMAN RIGHTS
S/59 [60] FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SITUATION
S/59 [97] INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL--RWANDA
S/59 [95] RWANDA SITUATION
S/59 [98] RWANDA--HUMAN RIGHTS

Karadzic, Radovan V.|Mladic, Ratko|Gotovina, Ante|Kabuga, Felicien|International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991|International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda|Armée patriotique rwandaise|UN. Security Council (58th year : 2003) > Resolutions and decisions|International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. Prosecutor|International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Prosecutor|International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. President|International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. President|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|TRIALS|CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION|INDICTMENTS|SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO|CROATIA|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA|REPUBLIKA SRPSKA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)|RWANDA|INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURTS|FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SITUATION|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SITUATION|CROATIA SITUATION|RWANDA SITUATION|JUDICIAL ASSISTANCE|KENYA|DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO|CONGO|DOMESTIC JURISDICTION|PROSECUTION|REPORT PREPARATION|IMPRISONMENT|LAW ENFORCEMENT|JUDICIAL SYSTEM|RULE OF LAW|DONOR COUNTRIES|WAR CRIMES|SARAJEVO (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)|FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/1535 (2004)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                26 March 2004

               Resolution 1535 (2004)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 4936th meeting, on
               26 March 2004

                    The Security Council,
                     Reaffirming its resolution 1373 (2001) of 28 September 2001, adopted under
               Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the Ministerial Declarations
               annexed respectively to resolution 1377 (2001) of 12 November 2001 and to
               resolution 1456 (2003) of 20 January 2003, as well as its other resolutions
               concerning threats to international peace and security caused by terrorism,
                    Reaffirming further that terrorism in all its forms and manifestations
               constitutes one of the most serious threats to peace and security,
                    Reaffirming its reinforced determination to combat all forms of terrorism, in
               accordance with its responsibilities under the Charter of the United Nations,
                     Reminding States that they must ensure that any measures taken to combat
               terrorism comply with all their obligations under international law, and should adopt
               such measures in accordance with international law, in particular international
               human rights, refugee, and humanitarian law,
                     Reaffirming its call upon States to become a party, as a matter of urgency, to all
               relevant international conventions and protocols relating to terrorism, and to support
               all international initiatives taken to that aim, and to make full use of the sources of
               assistance and guidance which are now available,
                  Commending Member States for their cooperation with the Counter-Terrorism
               Committee and calling upon all of them to continue to cooperate fully with the
               Committee,
                     Commending the progress made so far by the Counter-Terrorism Committee
               established by the Security Council under paragraph 6 of resolution 1373 (2001)
               acting under Chapter VII of the Charter in discharging its important responsibility to
               monitor the implementation of that resolution,
                     Stressing the important role that international, regional and subregional
               organizations play in the fight against terrorism, urging them to intensify their
               assistance to Member States with respect to the implementation of resolution 1373
               (2001), and commending the Committee’s coordination of counter-terrorism efforts
               with such organizations,

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                     Recognizing that many States continue to require assistance in implementing
               resolution 1373 (2001), and urging States and organizations to inform the
               Committee of areas in which they are able to offer assistance,
                     Recognizing also the need for the Committee, where appropriate, to visit
               States, with the consent of the State concerned, and to engage in a detailed
               discussion to monitor the implementation of resolution 1373 (2001),
                     Recognizing that such visits should be conducted, when appropriate, in close
               cooperation with relevant international, regional and subregional organizations and
               other United Nations bodies, including the United Nations Office on Drugs and
               Crime, in particular with its Terrorism Prevention Branch, taking special care of the
               assistance that might be available to address States’ needs,
                     Stressing the importance of enhancing the monitoring of the implementation of
               resolution 1373 (2001),
                    Having considered the report of the Chairman of the Committee (S/2004/70)
               on the problems encountered both by Member States and the Committee itself in the
               implementation of resolution 1373 (2001),
                    Stressing the importance of addressing these difficulties so as to enable the
               Committee to monitor effectively the implementation of resolution 1373 (2001) and
               to enhance the capacity-building work in which it is engaged,
                     Bearing in mind the special nature of resolution 1373 (2001), the continuing
               threats to peace and security caused by terrorism, the important role the United
               Nations and the Security Council must continue to play in the global fight against
               terrorism, the need to reinforce the Committee as the Security Council subsidiary
               body responsible in this area, and without setting a precedent for other bodies of the
               Security Council,
                    1.    Endorses the report of the Committee on its revitalization (S/2004/124);
                    2.    Decides that the revitalized Committee will consist of the Plenary —
               composed of the Security Council member States — and the Bureau, the latter
               composed of the Chair and the Vice-Chairs, assisted by the Counter-Terrorism
               Committee Executive Directorate (hereinafter “CTED”) to be established as a
               special political mission, under the policy guidance of the Plenary, for an initial
               period ending 31 December 2007 and subject to a comprehensive review by the
               Security Council by 31 December 2005, so as to enhance the Committee’s ability to
               monitor the implementation of resolution 1373 (2001) and effectively continue the
               capacity-building work in which it is engaged;
                    3.    Decides further that the CTED, headed by an Executive Director, will be
               responsible for the tasks stated in the report of the Committee (S/2004/124) and
               requests the Secretary-General, within 45 days of the adoption of this resolution, to
               appoint, after consultation with and subject to the approval of the Council, an
               Executive Director of the CTED who will take up office as soon as possible;
                     4.   Requests the Executive Director of the CTED, within 30 days of taking
               office, in consultation with and through the Secretary-General, to submit to the
               Plenary, for its endorsement, an organizational plan for the CTED, consistent with
               the Committee’s report (S/2004/124) and United Nations rules and regulations,
               including its structure, staffing requirements, budget needs, management guidelines,

2

                                                                                S/RES/1535 (2004)

recruitment procedures, recognizing in particular the need for an effective,
cooperative management structure for the new body, and staffing with suitably
qualified and experienced personnel, who would be international civil servants
subject to Article 100 of the Charter, securing the highest standards of efficiency,
competence and integrity and paying due regard to the importance of recruiting the
staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible;
      5.    Requests the Chairman of the Committee to present such an
organizational plan to the Security Council for its endorsement, and further requests
the Secretary-General to take the appropriate steps to implement it on an expedited
basis, including, at the appropriate time, seeking the General Assembly’s approval;
     6.    Decides that the Committee will continue to report to the Council on a
regular basis;
      7.   Stresses the importance of ensuring that the Committee continues to
operate effectively during the consolidation of the Committee’s support structure
into the CTED, and in this regard, decides that the Committee will continue to
operate with its present support structure until the Committee, in consultation with
the Secretary-General, determines that the CTED is operational;
     8.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

                                                                                3

Security Council resolution 1535 (2004) [on revitalization of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1373 (2001) concerning Counter-Terrorism]

UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1373 (2001) concerning Counter-Terrorism > Organizational reform|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1373 (2001) concerning Counter-Terrorism > Organizational structure|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1373 (2001) concerning Counter-Terrorism. Plenary|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1373 (2001) concerning Counter-Terrorism. Bureau|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1373 (2001) concerning Counter-Terrorism. Chair|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1373 (2001) concerning Counter-Terrorism. Vice-Chair|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1373 (2001) concerning Counter-Terrorism. Executive Directorate|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1373 (2001) concerning Counter-Terrorism. Executive Director|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1373 (2001) concerning Counter-Terrorism. Executive Directorate > Organizational structure|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|COUNTER-TERRORISM|TERRORISM|SUBSIDIARY BODIES|SPECIAL MISSIONS|APPOINTMENT OF OFFICIALS|POLICY MAKING|CONSULTATIONS|RULES AND REGULATIONS|STAFFING|BUDGET|MANAGEMENT|GUIDELINES|RECRUITMENT|INTERNATIONAL CIVIL SERVICE|STANDARDS OF CONDUCT|GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION|REPORTING PROCEDURES


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/1536 (2004)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                26 March 2004

               Resolution 1536 (2004)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 4937th meeting, on
               26 March 2004

                    The Security Council,
                    Reaffirming its previous resolutions on Afghanistan, in particular its resolution
               1471 (2003) extending the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in
               Afghanistan (UNAMA) through 27 March 2004,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and national unity of Afghanistan,
                     Welcoming the Constitution adopted by the Loya Jirga on 4 January 2004
               which reflects the determination of the Afghan people to ensure the transition of
               their country towards a stable and democratic State,
                    Recognizing that the United Nations must continue to play its central and
               impartial role in the international efforts to assist the Afghan people in consolidating
               peace in Afghanistan and rebuilding their country,
                    Reaffirming the Transitional Administration as the sole legitimate government
               of Afghanistan pending the democratic presidential and parliamentary elections
               envisioned in the Bonn Agreement as in the Afghan constitution,
                     Reiterating its strong support for the full implementation of the Bonn
               Agreement (S/2001/1154) and supporting also the objectives of the international
               conference scheduled to take place in Berlin from 31 March to 1 April 2004 to allow
               the Afghan authorities and the international community to reaffirm their long-term
               commitment to take the transitional process in Afghanistan forward, including by
               demonstrating support for the Afghan political process and its national security, as
               well as by confirming and generating international financial and other donations,
                     Recalling the importance of the coming elections to establish democratic
               Afghan authorities as a further step towards implementation of the Bonn Agreement
               and welcoming in that regard the creation of a Joint Electoral Management Body and
               the initial progress made in voter registration,
                     Recalling and emphasizing the importance of the Kabul Declaration of 22
               December 2002 on Good-Neighbourly relations (S/2002/1416), and encouraging all
               States concerned to continue to follow up on the Kabul Declaration and the

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               Declaration on Trade, Transit and Inward Investment signed in Dubai in September
               2003,
                     Stressing also the importance of extending central government authority to all
               parts of Afghanistan, of comprehensive nationwide disarmament, demobilization
               and reintegration of all armed factions, and of security sector reform including
               reconstitution of the new Afghan National Army and Afghan National Police,
                    Welcoming the visit of the Security Council Mission to Afghanistan in
               October-November 2003 and takes note of its report and recommendations,
                     1.    Decides to extend UNAMA for an additional period of 12 months from
               the date of adoption of this resolution;
                    2.   Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 23 March 2004
               (S/2004/230) and the recommendations contained therein;
                     3.    Stresses the importance of the provision of sufficient security and of
               significant donor support for the holding of credible national elections in accordance
               with the Afghan constitution and the Bonn Agreement and to this end urges member
               states and international organizations to coordinate closely with UNAMA and the
               Transitional Administration;
                     4.    Encourages Afghan authorities to enable an electoral process that
               provides for voter participation that is representative of the national demographics
               including women and refugees and calls upon all eligible Afghans to fully
               participate in the registration and electoral processes;
                    5.    Encourages UNAMA and the Afghan authorities, in this regard, to
               accelerate voter registration efforts in preparation for elections and urges close
               coordination between Afghan and UN authorities;
                     6.    Welcomes the progress made since the commencement of the
               Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) process in October 2003
               and the contribution of the International Observer Group in this regard; stresses that
               efforts on the part of the Afghan Authorities and all Afghan parties, supported by
               the international community, to achieve further progress on DDR are critical,
               particularly for the creation of an environment more conducive to the conduct of
               free and fair elections; and in this regard, calls upon all Afghan parties to abide by
               commitments made in the Bonn Agreement including its Annex 1;
                    7.     Welcomes the efforts to date of the Afghan authorities to implement their
               National Drug Control Strategy adopted in May 2003 and urges the Afghan
               authorities to make further efforts in that regard and Member States to support its
               implementation with the necessary resources;
                     8.   Stresses that tackling the drugs trade cannot be separated from creating a
               strong economy and a secure environment in Afghanistan and cannot be achieved
               without increased cooperation among neighbouring states and countries along
               trafficking routes to strengthen anti-narcotic controls to curb the drug flow, and
               notes with concern in this regard the assessment made by UNODC in its last Afghan
               opium survey;
                    9.    Welcomes the appointment of Jean Arnault as new Special Representative
               of the Secretary-General (SRSG) for Afghanistan; reaffirms its continued strong
               support for the SRSG and the concept of a fully integrated mission and endorses his

2

                                                                                S/RES/1536 (2004)

full authority, in accordance with all relevant resolutions, over all United Nations
activities in Afghanistan;
      10. Requests UNAMA, with the support of the Office of the United Nations
High Commissioner for Human Rights, to continue to assist the Afghan Independent
Human Rights Commission in the full implementation of the human rights
provisions of the new Afghan constitution, in particular those regarding the full
enjoyment by women of their human rights; requests also that UNAMA support the
establishment of a fair and transparent judicial system, and work towards the
strengthening of the rule of law;
       11. Calls upon all Afghan parties to cooperate with UNAMA in the
implementation of its mandate and to ensure the security and freedom of movement
of its staff throughout the country;
     12. Welcomes the progress made by the International Security Assistance
Force (ISAF), in expanding its presence outside of Kabul and in implementing its
mandate in accordance with resolutions 1444 (2002) and 1510 (2003), requests that
ISAF continue working in close consultation with the Secretary-General and his
Special Representative; calls upon troop contributors to provide the necessary
resources to ensure the full implementation of the mandate of ISAF;
     13. Welcomes the development of the new Afghan National Army and
Afghan National Police as important steps towards the goal of Afghan security
forces providing security and ensuring the rule of law throughout the country, and
also welcomes the readiness of ISAF to provide security assistance for the
organization of the forthcoming elections in support of the Afghan authorities and
UNAMA in accordance with resolution 1510;
      14. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council in a timely
manner on developments in Afghanistan, including, after elections, on the future
role of UNAMA;
     15.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

                                                                                3

Security Council resolution 1536 (2004) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA)]

S/59 [47] UN ASSISTANCE MISSION IN AFGHANISTAN
S/59 [46] AFGHANISTAN SITUATION

Arnault, Jean > (France)|UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan|Afghanistan. Transitional Authority|UN Office on Drugs and Crime|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan|UN. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights|Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission|International Security Assistance Force|Afghan National Armed Forces|Agreement on Provisional Arrangements in Afghanistan Pending the Re-establishment of Permanent Government Institutions (2001)|SPECIAL MISSIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|ELECTION VERIFICATION|HUMAN RIGHTS|RULE OF LAW|AFGHANISTAN|AFGHANISTAN SITUATION|INTERIM GOVERNMENTS|ELECTIONS|VOTER REGISTRATION|DISARMAMENT|MILITARY DEMOBILIZATION|SOCIAL INTEGRATION|DRUG CONTROL|NARCOTIC DRUGS|DRUG TRAFFIC|NEIGHBOURING STATES|APPOINTMENT OF OFFICIALS|SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES|AUTHORITY|CONSTITUTIONS|WOMEN'S RIGHTS|JUDICIAL SYSTEM|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT|CONSULTATIONS|TROOP-CONTRIBUTING STATES|POLICE


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/1537 (2004)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               30 March 2004

               Resolution 1537 (2004)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 4938th meeting, on 30 March 2004

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions and the statements of its President
               concerning the situation in Sierra Leone,
                    Affirming the commitment of all States to respect the sovereignty, political
               independence and territorial integrity of Sierra Leone,
                    Commending the efforts of the Economic Community of West African States
               towards building peace in the subregion, and encouraging the Presidents of the
               Mano River Union member States to resume dialogue and to renew their
               commitment to building regional peace and security,
                     Expressing its appreciation to those Member States providing troops, civilian
               police personnel and support elements to the United Nations Mission in Sierra
               Leone (UNAMSIL),
                    Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 19 March 2004
               (S/2004/228),
                     Welcoming the significant progress made towards the benchmarks for
               drawdown of UNAMSIL, in accordance with Security Council resolutions 1436
               (2002) and 1492 (2003), and commending UNAMSIL for the progress made to date
               in the adjustments to its size, composition and deployment,
                   Noting, however, that progress towards the benchmarks remains fragile, and
               some major gaps still remain, in particular with regard to the capacity of the Sierra
               Leone Police and armed forces to maintain security and stability effectively,
                     Reiterating the importance of the effective consolidation of stability and State
               authority throughout Sierra Leone, particularly in the sensitive diamond-producing
               areas and in the border areas, and stressing continued United Nations support to the
               Government of Sierra Leone in fulfilling these objectives,
                    Emphasizing the importance of free, fair and transparent local elections in May
               2004 and encouraging the Government of Sierra Leone to make the necessary
               preparations, assisted by UNAMSIL within its mandate,

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                     Encouraging the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to produce its report as
               soon as possible and welcoming the intention of the Government of Sierra Leone to
               establish a Human Rights Commission thereafter,
                    Noting the Secretary-General’s analysis of the need for a significantly-reduced
               United Nations peacekeeping presence to remain in Sierra Leone into 2005,
                     Emphasizing the importance of the Government of Sierra Leone’s assuming
               full responsibility for national security as soon as possible,
                   1. Decides that the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone
               (UNAMSIL) shall be extended for a period of six months until 30 September 2004;
                     2.    Welcomes the Secretary-General’s intention to adjust the timetable for
               UNAMSIL’s drawdown during 2004, in order to ensure a more gradual reduction in
               its military strength, as outlined in paragraph 72 of his report;
                     3.    Urges the Government of Sierra Leone to intensify its efforts to develop
               an effective and sustainable police force, army, penal system and independent
               judiciary, so that the Government can rapidly take over from UNAMSIL full
               responsibility for maintaining law and order throughout Sierra Leone, and
               encourages donors and UNAMSIL, in accordance with its mandate, to continue to
               assist the Government in this regard;
                     4.   Urges the Government of Sierra Leone to continue to strengthen its
               control over, and regulation of, diamond mining, including through the High Level
               Steering Committee;
                     5.    Decides that a residual UNAMSIL presence will remain in Sierra Leone,
               for an initial period of six months from 1 January 2005, reduced from the December
               2004 level of 5,000 troops by 28 February 2005 to a new ceiling of 3,250 troops,
               141 military observers and 80 United Nations civilian police personnel, and requests
               the Secretary-General to proceed with planning on the basis of the recommendations
               in his report, in order to ensure a seamless transition from the current configuration
               of UNAMSIL to the residual presence;
                    6.   Affirms its intention to confirm the precise tasks of the residual
               UNAMSIL presence, and the benchmarks for its duration, no later than 30
               September 2004;
                    7.    Requests the Secretary-General to provide by 15 September 2004 a
               progress report, including progress made in the work of the Special Court for Sierra
               Leone, progress in resolving the conflict in Liberia, further increases in the
               capability of the Sierra Leone Police and armed forces and strengthened cooperation
               among United Nations missions in the subregion, with recommendations for any
               modifications such progress might allow to the size, composition, duration and
               benchmarks of the residual UNAMSIL presence;
                     8.    Welcomes the Secretary-General’s intention to keep the security, political,
               humanitarian and human rights situation in Sierra Leone under close review and to
               report to the Council, after due consultations with troop-contributing countries and
               the Government of Sierra Leone, including by quarterly assessments of progress
               against the benchmarks for UNAMSIL’s drawdown, including the capacity of the
               Sierra Leone security sector;

2

                                                                                S/RES/1537 (2004)

      9.   Expresses its appreciation for the essential work being carried out by the
Special Court for Sierra Leone, notes with serious concern the precarious financial
situation of the Court for its third year of operation, urges all countries to submit
their outstanding pledged funds immediately, supports the Secretary-General’s
request to the General Assembly to consider a contribution to the financing of the
Court from the regular budget, as in the Secretary-General’s report to the General
Assembly of 14 March 2004 (A/58/733), and urges all States to cooperate fully with
the Court;
     10. Commends the Secretary-General’s efforts to establish cooperation
between the United Nations missions in the subregion and welcomes his intention in
paragraph 65 of his report to submit recommendations to the Council by the end of
2004 on how such cooperation might be strengthened;
     11. Requests UNAMSIL to share its experience with the United Nations
Mission in Liberia and the United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire and to carry
out its mandate in close liaison with them, especially in the prevention of
movements of arms and combatants across borders and in the implementation of
disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programmes;
     12.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

                                                                                3

Security Council resolution 1537 (2004) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL)]

S/59 [171] SIERRA LEONE--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/59 [172] UN MISSION IN SIERRA LEONE

UN Mission in Sierra Leone|Special Court for Sierra Leone|Special Court for Sierra Leone > Financing|UN Trust Fund for the Special Court for Sierra Leone > Budget contributions|UN Mission in Liberia|UN Mission in Côte d'Ivoire|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|SIERRA LEONE|REPORT PREPARATION|POLICE|ARMED FORCES|PRISONS|JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE|DONOR COUNTRIES|RULE OF LAW|DIAMOND MINES|CRIMINAL COURTS|COORDINATION WITHIN UN SYSTEM|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|HUMAN RIGHTS|CONSULTATIONS|TROOP-CONTRIBUTING STATES|RECOMMENDATIONS|REGIONAL SECURITY|ILLICIT ARMS TRAFFICKING|DISARMAMENT|MILITARY DEMOBILIZATION|SOCIAL INTEGRATION


Cyprus


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/1538 (2004)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General

                                                                               21 April 2004

               Resolution 1538 (2004)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 4946th meeting, on
               21 April 2004

                    The Security Council,
                     Expressing the desire to see a full and fair investigation of efforts by the
               former Government of Iraq, including through bribery, kickbacks, surcharges on oil
               sales, and illicit payments in regard to purchases of humanitarian goods, to evade
               the provisions of resolution 661 (1990) of 6 August 1990 and subsequent relevant
               resolutions,
                     Concerned by public news reports and commentaries that have called into
               question the administration and management of the Oil-for-food Programme
               (hereinafter the Programme) established pursuant to resolution 986 (1995) of 14
               April 1995 and subsequent relevant resolutions, including allegations of fraud and
               corruption,
                    Affirming that any illicit activity by United Nations officials, personnel and
               agents, as well as contractors, including entities that have entered into contracts
               under the Programme, is unacceptable,
                     Emphasizing the importance of full cooperation with the independent highlevel inquiry by all United Nations officials and personnel, the Coalition Provisional
               Authority, Iraq, and all other Member States,
                     Affirming the letter of its President of 31 March 2004 welcoming the
               Secretary-General’s decision to create an independent high-level inquiry to
               investigate the administration and management of the Programme and taking note of
               the details relating to its organization and terms of reference,
                    1.    Welcomes the appointment of the independent high-level inquiry;
                     2.   Calls upon the Coalition Provisional Authority, Iraq, and all other
               Member States, including their national regulatory authorities, to cooperate fully by
               all appropriate means with the inquiry;
                    3.    Looks forward to receiving the inquiry’s final report;
                    4.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

04-31733 (E)
*0431733*

Security Council resolution 1538 (2004) [on the appointment of the independent high-level inquiry into the Iraq "Oil for Food" Programme]

UN. Oil-for-Food Programme|Coalition Provisional Authority [in Iraq]|Independent Inquiry Committee into the United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme|COMMISSIONS OF INQUIRY|IRAQ|IRAQ-KUWAIT SITUATION


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/1539 (2004)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General

                                                                               22 April 2004

               Resolution 1539 (2004)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 4948th meeting,
               on 22 April 2004

                    The Security Council,
                     Reaffirming its resolutions 1261 (1999) of 25 August 1999, 1314 (2000) of 11
               August 2000, 1379 (2001) of 20 November 2001, and 1460 (2003) of 30 January
               2003 which provide a comprehensive framework for addressing the protection of
               children affected by armed conflict,
                    Recalling its resolution 1308 (2000) on the responsibility of the Security
               Council in the maintenance of peace and security: HIV/AIDS and International
               Peacekeeping Operations and its resolution 1325 (2000) on Women, Peace and
               Security,
                     While noting the advances made for the protection of children affected by
               armed conflict, particularly in the areas of advocacy and the development of norms
               and standards, remaining deeply concerned over the lack of overall progress on the
               ground, where parties to conflict continue to violate with impunity the relevant
               provisions of applicable international law relating to the rights and protection of
               children in armed conflict,
                    Recalling the responsibilities of States to end impunity and to prosecute those
               responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious
               crimes perpetrated against children,
                    Reiterating its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international
               peace and security and, in this connection, its commitment to address the
               widespread impact of armed conflict on children,
                     Underlining the importance of the full, safe and unhindered access of
               humanitarian personnel and goods and the delivery of humanitarian assistance to all
               children affected by armed conflict,
                     Noting the fact that the conscription or enlistment of children under the age of
               15 or using them to participate actively in hostilities in both international and noninternational armed conflict is classified as a war crime by the Rome Statute of the
               International Criminal Court and noting also that the Optional Protocol to the
               Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed
               conflict requires States parties to set a minimum age of 18 for compulsory
               recruitment and participation in hostilities and to raise the minimum age for

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*0431863*

S/RES/1539 (2004)

               voluntary recruitment from that set out in article 38, paragraph 3, of the Convention
               on the Rights of the Child and to take all feasible measures to ensure that members
               of their armed forces who have not attained the age of 18 years do not take a direct
               part in hostilities,
                     Stressing its determination to ensure respect for its resolutions and other
               international norms and standards for the protection of children affected by armed
               conflict,
                     Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 10 November 2003
               pursuant to paragraph 16 of its resolution 1460 (2003) and stressing that the present
               resolution does not seek to make any legal determination as to whether situations
               which will be referred in the Secretary-General’s report are or are not armed
               conflicts within the context of the Geneva Conventions and the Additional Protocols
               thereto, nor does it prejudge the legal status of the non-State parties involved in
               these situations,
                      1.  Strongly condemns the recruitment and use of child soldiers by parties to
               armed conflict in violation of international obligations applicable to them, killing
               and maiming of children, rape and other sexual violence mostly committed against
               girls, abduction and forced displacement, denial of humanitarian access to children,
               attacks against schools and hospitals as well as trafficking, forced labour and all
               forms of slavery and all other violations and abuses committed against children
               affected by armed conflict;
                     2.   Requests the Secretary-General, taking into account the proposals
               contained in his report as well as any other relevant elements, to devise urgently and
               preferably within three months, an action plan for a systematic and comprehensive
               monitoring and reporting mechanism, which utilizes expertise from the United
               Nations system and the contributions of national Governments, regional
               organizations, non-governmental organizations in their advisory capacity and
               various civil society actors, in order to provide timely, objective, accurate and
               reliable information on the recruitment and use of child soldiers in violation of
               applicable international law and on other violations and abuses committed against
               children affected by armed conflict, for consideration in taking appropriate action;
                     3.    Expresses its intention to take appropriate measures, in particular while
               considering subregional and cross-border activities, to curb linkages between illicit
               trade in natural and other resources, illicit trafficking in small arms and light
               weapons, cross-border abduction and recruitment, and armed conflict, which can
               prolong armed conflict and intensify its impact on children, and consequently
               requests the Secretary-General to propose effective measures to control this illicit
               trade and trafficking;
                     4.   Calls upon all parties concerned to abide by the international obligations
               applicable to them relating to the protection of children affected by armed conflict,
               as well as the concrete commitments they have made to the Special Representative
               of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, to UNICEF and other
               United Nations agencies, and to cooperate fully with the United Nations
               peacekeeping missions and United Nations country teams, where appropriate in the
               context of the cooperation framework between the United Nations and the concerned
               government, in the follow-up and implementation of these commitments;
                     5.  Takes note with deep concern of the continued recruitment and use of
               children by parties mentioned in the Secretary-General’s report in situations of

2

                                                                                S/RES/1539 (2004)

armed conflict which are on its agenda, in violation of applicable international law
relating to the rights and protection of children and, in this regard:
      (a) Calls upon these parties to prepare within three months concrete timebound action plans to halt recruitment and use of children in violation of the
international obligations applicable to them, in close collaboration with United
Nations peacekeeping missions and United Nations country teams, consistent with
their respective mandates;
      (b) Requests the Secretary-General, in order to promote an effective and
coordinated follow-up to this resolution, to ensure that compliance by these parties
is reviewed regularly, within existing resources, through a process involving all
stakeholders at the country level, including government representatives, and
coordinated by a focal point to be designated by the Secretary-General and in charge
of engaging parties in dialogue leading to time-bound action plans, so as to report to
the Secretary-General through his Special Representative by 31 July 2004, bearing
in mind lessons learned from past dialogues as contained in paragraph 77 of the
Secretary-General’s report;
      (c) Expresses its intention to consider imposing targeted and graduated
measures, through country-specific resolutions, such as, inter alia, a ban on the
export or supply of small arms and light weapons and of other military equipment
and on military assistance, against these parties if they refuse to enter into dialogue,
fail to develop an action plan or fail to meet the commitments included in their
action plan, bearing in mind the Secretary-General’s report;
      6.    Also takes note with deep concern of the continued recruitment and use
of children by parties in other situations of armed conflict mentioned in the
Secretary-General’s report, in violation of applicable international law relating to
the rights and protection of children, calls on these parties to halt immediately their
recruitment or use of children and expresses, on the basis of timely, objective,
accurate and reliable information received from relevant stakeholders, its intention
to consider taking appropriate steps to further address this issue, in accordance with
the Charter of the United Nations, its resolutions 1379 (2001) and 1460 (2003) and
the present resolution;
     7.    Decides to continue the inclusion of specific provisions for the protection
of children in the mandates of United Nations peacekeeping operations, including,
on a case-by-case basis, the deployment of child protection advisers (CPAs), and
requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the need for, and the number and roles
of CPAs are systematically assessed during the preparation of each United Nations
peacekeeping operation;
      8.   Reiterates its requests to all parties concerned, including United Nations
agencies, funds and programmes as well as financial institutions, to continue to
ensure that all children associated with armed forces and groups, as well as issues
related to children, are systematically included in every disarmament,
demobilization and reintegration process, taking into account the specific needs and
capacities of girls, with a particular emphasis on education, including the
monitoring, through, inter alia, schools, of children demobilized in order to prevent
re-recruitment and bearing in mind the assessment of best practices, including those
contained in paragraph 65 of the report of the Secretary-General;
     9.    Calls upon States and the United Nations system to recognize the
important role of education in conflict areas in halting and preventing recruitment
and re-recruitment of children contrary to the obligations of parties to conflict;

                                                                                3

S/RES/1539 (2004)

                    10. Notes with concern all the cases of sexual exploitation and abuse of
               women and children, especially girls, in humanitarian crisis, including those cases
               involving humanitarian workers and peacekeepers, requests contributing countries to
               incorporate the Six Core Principles of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee on
               Emergencies into pertinent codes of conduct for peacekeeping personnel and to
               develop appropriate disciplinary and accountability mechanisms and welcomes the
               promulgation of the Secretary-General’s bulletin on special measures for protection
               from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse;
                    11. Requests the agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations, with
               support from contributing countries, to implement HIV/AIDS education and offer
               HIV testing and counselling services for all United Nations peacekeepers, police and
               humanitarian personnel;
                    12. Welcomes recent initiatives by regional and subregional organizations and
               arrangements for the protection of children affected by armed conflict and, in this
               regard, notes the adoption by ECOWAS of a peer review framework on the
               protection of children and the adoption of “Guidelines on Children and Armed
               Conflict” by the European Union and encourages such organizations and
               arrangements, in cooperation with the United Nations, to pursue their efforts,
               through, inter alia:
                     (a) Mainstreaming the protection of children affected by armed conflict into
               their advocacy, policies and programmes, paying special attention to girls;
                    (b)   Developing peer review and monitoring and reporting mechanisms;
                    (c)   Establishing, within their secretariats, child protection mechanisms;
                    (d) Including child protection staff and training in their peace and field
               operations;
                     (e) Undertaking sub- and interregional initiatives to end activities harmful to
               children in times of conflict, in particular, cross-border recruitment and abduction of
               children, illicit movement of small arms, and illicit trade in natural resources;
                     13. Encourages support for the development and strengthening of capacities
               of national and regional institutions and local and regional civil society networks to
               ensure the sustainability of local initiatives for advocacy, protection and
               rehabilitation of children affected by armed conflict;
                     14. Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to ensure that in all his
               reports on country-specific situations, the protection of children is included as a
               specific aspect of the report and expresses its intention to give its full attention to
               the information provided therein when dealing with those situations on its agenda
               and in this regard stresses the primary responsibility of the United Nations
               peacekeeping missions and United Nations country teams, consistent within their
               respective mandates, to ensure effective follow-up to this and the other resolutions;
                    15. Further requests the Secretary-General to submit a report by 31 October
               2004 on the implementation of this resolution and its resolutions 1379 (2001) and
               1460 (2003) which would include, inter alia:
                     (a) Information on compliance and progress made by parties mentioned in
               his report in situations of armed conflict which are on the agenda of the Security
               Council, in accordance with paragraph 5, as well as by parties in other situations of
               armed conflict mentioned in his report, in accordance with paragraph 6, in ending
               the recruitment or use of children in armed conflict in violation of applicable

4

                                                                                S/RES/1539 (2004)

international law relating to the rights and protection of children, bearing in mind all
other violations and abuses committed against children affected by armed conflict;
     (b) Information on progress made regarding the action plan requested in
paragraph 2 that calls for a systematic and comprehensive monitoring and reporting
mechanism;
     (c)   The incorporation of best practices for DDR programmes outlined in his
report;
     16.   Decides to remain actively seized of this matter.

                                                                                5

Security Council resolution 1539 (2004) [on children in armed conflict]

UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict|UNICEF|Inter-Agency Standing Committee|European Union|Economic Community of West African States|Charter of the United Nations (1945)|CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICTS|CHILD SOLDIERS|INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS|PROGRAMMES OF ACTION|RIGHTS OF THE CHILD|EXPERTS|ADVISORY SERVICES|INFORMATION EXCHANGE|ILLICIT TRAFFIC|ILLICIT ARMS TRAFFICKING|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|REPORT PREPARATION|MILITARY ASSISTANCE|DISARMAMENT|MILITARY DEMOBILIZATION|SOCIAL INTEGRATION|GIRLS|EDUCATION|CHILD ABUSE|GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE|WOMEN|PRINCIPLES|CODES OF CONDUCT|ACCOUNTABILITY|HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES|RELIEF PERSONNEL|HIV/AIDS|GUIDELINES|ABDUCTION|FIELD OFFICES


                 United Nations                                                                              S/RES/1540 (2004)
                 Security Council                                                         Distr.: General
                                                                                28 April 2004

                 Resolution 1540 (2004)
                 Adopted by the Security Council at its 4956th meeting,
                 on 28 April 2004

                       The Security Council,
                      Affirming that proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as
                 well as their means of delivery,* constitutes a threat to international peace and
                 security,
                       Reaffirming, in this context, the Statement of its President adopted at the
                 Council’s meeting at the level of Heads of State and Government on 31 January
                 1992 (S/23500), including the need for all Member States to fulfil their obligations
                 in relation to arms control and disarmament and to prevent proliferation in all its
                 aspects of all weapons of mass destruction,
                       Recalling also that the Statement underlined the need for all Member States to
                 resolve peacefully in accordance with the Charter any problems in that context
                 threatening or disrupting the maintenance of regional and global stability,
                       Affirming its resolve to take appropriate and effective actions against any
                 threat to international peace and security caused by the proliferation of nuclear,
                 chemical and biological weapons and their means of delivery, in conformity with its
                 primary responsibilities, as provided for in the United Nations Charter,
                      Affirming its support for the multilateral treaties whose aim is to eliminate or
                 prevent the proliferation of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and the
                 importance for all States parties to these treaties to implement them fully in order to
                 promote international stability,

               * Definitions for the purpose of this resolution only:
                 Means of delivery: missiles, rockets and other unmanned systems capable of delivering nuclear,
                 chemical, or biological weapons, that are specially designed for such use.
                 Non-State actor: individual or entity, not acting under the lawful authority of any State in
                 conducting activities which come within the scope of this resolution.
                 Related materials: materials, equipment and technology covered by relevant multilateral treaties
                 and arrangements, or included on national control lists, which could be used for the design,
                 development, production or use of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and their means of
                 delivery.

04-32843 (E)
*0432843*

S/RES/1540 (2004)

                     Welcoming efforts in this context by multilateral arrangements which
               contribute to non-proliferation,
                    Affirming that prevention of proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological
               weapons should not hamper international cooperation in materials, equipment and
               technology for peaceful purposes while goals of peaceful utilization should not be
               used as a cover for proliferation,
                     Gravely concerned by the threat of terrorism and the risk that non-State
               actors* such as those identified in the United Nations list established and
               maintained by the Committee established under Security Council resolution 1267
               and those to whom resolution 1373 applies, may acquire, develop, traffic in or use
               nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and their means of delivery,
                     Gravely concerned by the threat of illicit trafficking in nuclear, chemical, or
               biological weapons and their means of delivery, and related materials,* which adds
               a new dimension to the issue of proliferation of such weapons and also poses a
               threat to international peace and security,
                    Recognizing the need to enhance coordination of efforts on national,
               subregional, regional and international levels in order to strengthen a global
               response to this serious challenge and threat to international security,
                     Recognizing that most States have undertaken binding legal obligations under
               treaties to which they are parties, or have made other commitments aimed at
               preventing the proliferation of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons, and have
               taken effective measures to account for, secure and physically protect sensitive
               materials, such as those required by the Convention on the Physical Protection of
               Nuclear Materials and those recommended by the IAEA Code of Conduct on the
               Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources,
                     Recognizing further the urgent need for all States to take additional effective
               measures to prevent the proliferation of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and
               their means of delivery,
                    Encouraging all Member States to implement fully the disarmament treaties
               and agreements to which they are party,
                     Reaffirming the need to combat by all means, in accordance with the Charter
               of the United Nations, threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist
               acts,
                     Determined to facilitate henceforth an effective response to global threats in
               the area of non-proliferation,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.    Decides that all States shall refrain from providing any form of support
               to non-State actors that attempt to develop, acquire, manufacture, possess, transport,
               transfer or use nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and their means of delivery;
                     2.  Decides also that all States, in accordance with their national procedures,
               shall adopt and enforce appropriate effective laws which prohibit any non-State
               actor to manufacture, acquire, possess, develop, transport, transfer or use nuclear,
               chemical or biological weapons and their means of delivery, in particular for

2

                                                                                S/RES/1540 (2004)

terrorist purposes, as well as attempts to engage in any of the foregoing activities,
participate in them as an accomplice, assist or finance them;
      3.   Decides also that all States shall take and enforce effective measures to
establish domestic controls to prevent the proliferation of nuclear, chemical, or
biological weapons and their means of delivery, including by establishing
appropriate controls over related materials and to this end shall:
     (a) Develop and maintain appropriate effective measures to account for and
secure such items in production, use, storage or transport;
     (b)   Develop and maintain appropriate effective physical protection measures;
      (c) Develop and maintain appropriate effective border controls and law
enforcement efforts to detect, deter, prevent and combat, including through
international cooperation when necessary, the illicit trafficking and brokering in
such items in accordance with their national legal authorities and legislation and
consistent with international law;
      (d) Establish, develop, review and maintain appropriate effective national
export and trans-shipment controls over such items, including appropriate laws and
regulations to control export, transit, trans-shipment and re-export and controls on
providing funds and services related to such export and trans-shipment such as
financing, and transporting that would contribute to proliferation, as well as
establishing end-user controls; and establishing and enforcing appropriate criminal
or civil penalties for violations of such export control laws and regulations;
     4.    Decides to establish, in accordance with rule 28 of its provisional rules of
procedure, for a period of no longer than two years, a Committee of the Security
Council, consisting of all members of the Council, which will, calling as appropriate
on other expertise, report to the Security Council for its examination, on the
implementation of this resolution, and to this end calls upon States to present a first
report no later than six months from the adoption of this resolution to the
Committee on steps they have taken or intend to take to implement this resolution;
      5.   Decides that none of the obligations set forth in this resolution shall be
interpreted so as to conflict with or alter the rights and obligations of State Parties to
the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the Chemical Weapons Convention and the
Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention or alter the responsibilities of the
International Atomic Energy Agency or the Organization for the Prohibition of
Chemical Weapons;
      6.    Recognizes the utility in implementing this resolution of effective
national control lists and calls upon all Member States, when necessary, to pursue at
the earliest opportunity the development of such lists;
      7.   Recognizes that some States may require assistance in implementing the
provisions of this resolution within their territories and invites States in a position to
do so to offer assistance as appropriate in response to specific requests to the States
lacking the legal and regulatory infrastructure, implementation experience and/or
resources for fulfilling the above provisions;

                                                                                3

S/RES/1540 (2004)

                    8.    Calls upon all States:
                     (a) To promote the universal adoption and full implementation, and, where
               necessary, strengthening of multilateral treaties to which they are parties, whose aim
               is to prevent the proliferation of nuclear, biological or chemical weapons;
                     (b) To adopt national rules and regulations, where it has not yet been done,
               to ensure compliance with their commitments under the key multilateral nonproliferation treaties;
                     (c) To renew and fulfil their commitment to multilateral cooperation, in
               particular within the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the
               Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and the Biological and Toxin
               Weapons Convention, as important means of pursuing and achieving their common
               objectives in the area of non-proliferation and of promoting international
               cooperation for peaceful purposes;
                    (d) To develop appropriate ways to work with and inform industry and the
               public regarding their obligations under such laws;
                     9.    Calls upon all States to promote dialogue and cooperation on nonproliferation so as to address the threat posed by proliferation of nuclear, chemical,
               or biological weapons, and their means of delivery;
                     10. Further to counter that threat, calls upon all States, in accordance with
               their national legal authorities and legislation and consistent with international law,
               to take cooperative action to prevent illicit trafficking in nuclear, chemical or
               biological weapons, their means of delivery, and related materials;
                     11. Expresses its intention to monitor closely the implementation of this
               resolution and, at the appropriate level, to take further decisions which may be
               required to this end;
                    12.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

4

Security Council resolution 1540 (2004) [on non-proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons]

S/59 [23] NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION
S/59 [20] DISARMAMENT

UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1540 (2004) concerning Non-Proliferation of Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Weapons > Establishment|IAEA|Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons|Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1968)|Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (1993)|Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction (1972)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION|ARMS LIMITATION|WEAPONS DEPLOYMENT|ARMS TRANSFERS|LAWS AND REGULATIONS|INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS|TREATIES|NUCLEAR WEAPONS|CHEMICAL WEAPONS|BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS|NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION|TERRORISM|NUCLEAR TERRORISM|TERRORISM FINANCING|NUCLEAR MATERIALS|BORDER TRAFFIC|TRAFFIC CONTROL|LAW ENFORCEMENT|ILLICIT ARMS TRAFFICKING|EXPORT PROCEDURES|TRANSPORT REGULATIONS|TRANSIT|TRANSSHIPMENT|PENALTIES|REPORT PREPARATION|DISARMAMENT AGREEMENTS|TECHNICAL COOPERATION|INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/1541 (2004)
               Security Council                                               Distr.: General
                                                                              29 April 2004

               Resolution 1541 (2004)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 4957th meeting,
               on 29 April 2004

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling all its previous resolutions on Western Sahara, and reaffirming, in
               particular, resolution 1495 (2003) of 31 July 2003,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to assist the parties to achieve a just, lasting and
               mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the self-determination
               of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements consistent with the
               principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and noting the role and
               responsibilities of the parties in this respect,
                    Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 23 April 2004
               (S/2004/325),
                    1.   Reaffirms its support for the Peace Plan for Self-Determination of the
               People of Western Sahara as an optimum political solution on the basis of agreement
               between the two parties;
                     2.   Reaffirms also its strong support for the efforts of the Secretary-General
               and his Personal Envoy in order to achieve a mutually acceptable political solution
               to the dispute over Western Sahara;
                     3.   Calls upon all the parties and the States of the region to cooperate fully
               with the Secretary-General and his Personal Envoy;
                    4.  Decides to extend the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the
               Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 31 October 2004;
                     5.    Requests that the Secretary-General provide a report on the situation
               before the end of the present mandate and requests the Secretary-General to include
               in this report an evaluation of the mission size necessary for MINURSO to carry out
               its mandated tasks, with a view towards its possible reduction;
                    6.    Decides to remain seized of the matter.

04-33061 (E)
*0433061*

Security Council resolution 1541 (2004) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)]

S/59 [44] WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION
S/59 [45] UN MISSION FOR THE REFERENDUM IN WESTERN SAHARA

UN. Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara|Peace Plan for Self-determination of the People of Western Sahara (Proposed)|UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|WESTERN SAHARA|WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION|REPORT PREPARATION|SELF-DETERMINATION OF PEOPLES|DISPUTE SETTLEMENT