               United Nations                                                                  S/RES/2098 (2013)
               Security Council                                              Distr.: General
                                                                             28 March 2013

               Resolution 2098 (2013)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 6943rd meeting, on
               28 March 2013

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions and the statements of its President
               concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), especially its resolutions
               2078 (2012), 2076 (2012), 2053 (2012), 1991 (2011) and 1925 (2010),
                    Recalling its resolution 2086 (2013) and reaffirming the basic principles of
               peacekeeping, including consent of the parties, impartiality, and non-use of force,
               except in self-defence and defence of the mandate, and recognizing that the mandate
               of each peacekeeping mission is specific to the need and situation of the country
               concerned,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and
               territorial integrity of the DRC and emphasizing the need to respect fully the
               principles of non-interference, good-neighbourliness and regional cooperation,
                     Noting that eastern DRC has continued to suffer from recurring cycles of
               conflict and persistent violence by armed groups, both Congolese and foreign, and
               emphasizing the need to address the root causes of conflict to put an end to these
               recurring cycles of violence,
                     Welcoming the efforts of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the
               International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR), the Southern African
               Development Community (SADC), and the African Union (AU) to restore peace and
               security in eastern DRC,
                     Welcoming the signing in Addis Ababa on 24 February 2013 of the Peace,
               Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and
               the region (“the PSC Framework”), under the auspices of its guarantors, namely the
               Secretary-General of the United Nations, the Chairperson of the AU Commission,
               the Chairperson of the SADC and Chairperson of the ICGLR,
                    Further welcoming the designation by the Secretary-General of President Mary
               Robinson as his Special Envoy for the Great Lakes region,
                    Reiterating its deep concern regarding the security and humanitarian crisis in
               North-Kivu due to ongoing destabilizing activities of the 23 March Movement
               (M23) and other Congolese and foreign armed groups, and expressing concern at

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               their negative impact on the deteriorating security and humanitarian situation in
               South Kivu and in Katanga,
                     Expressing its deep concern regarding the threat posed by the presence of M23
               in the immediate vicinity of the city of Goma in violation of resolution 2076 (2012),
               as well as the continuation of serious violations of international humanitarian law
               and abuses of human rights by the M23 and other armed groups,
                      Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General S/2013/149 which includes
               a list of parties responsible for patterns of rape and other forms of sexual violence in
               situations of armed conflict,
                     Further taking note of the report of the Secretary-General S/2013/96 and
               reiterating its strong condemnation of any and all external support to the M23,
               including through troop reinforcement, tactical advice and the supply of equipment
               and materiel,
                     Expressing deep concern regarding the increasing number of internally
               displaced persons in and refugees from eastern DRC caused by the M23, the Forces
               Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda (FDLR) and other Congolese and foreign
               armed groups,
                     Expressing its concern at the heightened instability across eastern DRC
               resulting also in part from the increased activity of other armed groups, including
               the Alliance des Patriotes pour un Congo libre et souverain (APCLS) and the Allied
               Democratic Forces (ADF) in North Kivu, the Mayi-Mayi Gedeon and the Mayi-Mayi Kata-katanga in Katanga Province, the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) in
               Orientale Province, and further expressing concern at Rwandan reports of attacks by
               the FDLR on Rwandan territory,
                     Recalling the Security Council’s Presidential Statements on the Central
               African Region and the LRA, including S/PRST/2012/28, S/PRST/2012/18 and
               S/PRST/2011/21, commending the important ongoing efforts being undertaken by
               the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the DRC (MONUSCO) in
               the fight against LRA, encouraging further efforts of the AU-Regional task force,
               and urging greater cooperation and information-sharing between relevant UN
               bodies, the AU-Regional Task Force regional forces and non-governmental
               organisations in tackling the threat of the LRA,
                    Calling upon all parties in the conflict to respect the impartiality,
               independence and neutrality of humanitarian actors,
                     Remaining greatly concerned by the humanitarian situation that continues to
               severely affect the civilian population, in particular in eastern DRC, and the
               persistent high levels of violence and abuses and violations of international law,
               condemning in particular those involving the targeted attacks against civilians,
               widespread sexual and gender-based violence, systematic recruitment and use of
               children by certain parties to the conflict, the displacement of significant numbers of
               civilians, extrajudicial executions and arbitrary arrests and recognizing their
               deleterious effect on the stabilization, reconstruction and development efforts in the
               DRC,
                    Recalling its resolutions 1325 (2000), 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009)
               and 1960 (2010) on women, peace and security, its resolutions 1265 (1999), 1296
               (2000), 1674 (2006), 1738 (2006) and 1894 (2009) on the protection of civilians in

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           armed conflict, and its resolutions 1612 (2005), 1882 (2009), 1998 (2011) and 2068
           (2012) on children and armed conflict,
                Welcoming the efforts of the MONUSCO and international partners in
           delivering training in human rights, child protection and protection from sexual and
           gender-based violence for Congolese security institutions and underlining its
           importance,
                 Condemning the mass rapes in Minova and the surrounding villages in
           November 2012 reportedly committed by soldiers of the Armed forces of the DRC
           (FARDC), taking note of the investigations and arrests undertaken thereafter by the
           Congolese authorities, and calling for all those responsible for violations of
           international humanitarian law or abuses of human rights, as applicable, including
           those involving violence or abuses against children and acts of sexual and genderbased violence, to be swiftly apprehended, brought to justice and held accountable,
                 Welcoming the commitment made by the Government of the DRC to hold
           accountable those responsible for atrocities in the country, noting the cooperation of
           the Government of the DRC with the International Criminal Court (ICC) and
           stressing the importance of actively seeking to hold accountable those responsible
           for war crimes and crimes against humanity in the country and of regional and
           international cooperation to this end,
                 Welcoming the surrender of Bosco Ntaganda to the ICC on 22 March 2013 as a
           positive step for international criminal justice as well as towards the restoration of
           peace and security in eastern DRC and expressing its appreciation to all
           Governments concerned as well as to the ICC for their cooperation, which was
           essential to bring Bosco Ntaganda to justice,
                 Noting that hundreds of M23 combatants, including individuals designated by
           the Security Council, fled from the DRC into Rwanda on 18 March 2013,
           encouraging the Government of Rwanda, with the assistance of relevant UN and
           international organizations, to continue to ensure that these combatants are
           permanently demobilized and are dealt with according to relevant international law
           including special attention to children and women among them, and recalling the
           Member States’ obligations under the 1533 sanctions regime, as renewed by
           resolution 2078,
                Taking note that the Secretary-General, in January 2012, encouraged the
           Council to reject any endorsement of amnesty for genocide, war crimes, crimes
           against humanity or gross violations of human rights and international humanitarian
           law,
                 Stressing that the Government of the DRC bears primary responsibility for
           security, protection of civilians, national reconciliation, peacebuilding and
           development in the country, and urging the Government of the DRC to remain fully
           committed to the implementation of the PSC Framework and to protecting the
           civilian population through the swift establishment of professional, accountable and
           sustainable security forces, the deployment of Congolese civil administration, in
           particular the police, judiciary and territorial administration and the establishment of
           rule of law and respect for human rights,
                Taking note in this regard of the statements of the President of the DRC,
           Joseph Kabila, of 15 and 31 December 2012 in which he indicated that army reform

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               will constitute a major priority for his Government in 2013, and calling on the
               Government of the DRC to uphold its commitment to security sector reform,
               including the creation and support of a Rapid Reaction Force, the development of a
               comprehensive Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) and
               Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement (DDRRR) plan, and
               the development of a roadmap for the security and justice sectors, which will require
               the allocation of necessary resources and a continued commitment from the
               Government to prioritize reform,
                     Reiterating its call on all parties to cooperate fully with MONUSCO, and its
               condemnation of any and all attacks against peacekeepers, emphasizing that those
               responsible for such attacks must be held accountable, and recalling its decision to
               extend sanctions measures outlined in paragraph 3 of the Resolution 2078 (2012) to
               individuals and entities who plan, sponsor or participate in attacks against
               MONUSCO peacekeepers,
                    Reiterating its call upon the Secretary-General to take all measures deemed
               necessary to strengthen UN field security arrangements and improve the safety and
               security of all military contingents, police officers, military observers, and
               especially unarmed observers,
                    Taking note of the special report of the Secretary-General S/2013/119 on the
               DRC and the Great Lakes region and of its recommendations contained therein,
               including regarding the establishment of an “Intervention Brigade” within
               MONUSCO, based on the idea initially conceived by the ICGLR and supported by
               SADC,
                    Recalling the letter dated 27 December 2012 from the Secretary-General
               (S/2013/43) on proposals for improving MONUSCO’s ability to implement its
               mandate, and the response letter of its President from 22 January 2013 (S/2013/44),
                    Recognizing the significant sacrifices made by MONUSCO and expressing
               appreciation for its efforts to improve peace and stability in the DRC,
                    Underlining the importance of MONUSCO deterring any threats to the
               implementation of its mandate,
                     Welcoming the contribution of MONUSCO to a comprehensive strategy for
               durable peace and security, noting with appreciation the contribution that
               MONUSCO makes to early peacebuilding and emphasizing that MONUSCO’s
               activities should be conducted in a manner so as to facilitate post-conflict
               peacebuilding, prevention of relapse of armed conflict and progress towards
               sustainable peace and development,
                    Stressing the importance of the full and urgent implementation of the PSC
               Framework to reducing threats against civilians in the long-term, noting the need for
               MONUSCO to strengthen support to the government of the DRC to enable it to
               address security challenges and extend state authority of the government of DRC as
               expressed in paragraph 5 of the PSC Framework, and recognizing the need for a
               comprehensive peace process to put an end to the sources of conflict in the region,
                     Determining that the situation in the DRC continues to constitute a threat to
               international peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

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                 1.    Welcomes the signing on 24 February 2013 of the PSC Framework for the
           DRC and the region and stresses the importance of this agreement for the long term
           stability of eastern DRC and the region;
                2.   Demands that the signatory States of the PSC Framework fully
           implement their commitments in good faith;
                 3.   Encourages in this regard the prompt establishment of (i) a regional
           “11+4” oversight mechanism involving the leaders of the region with the good
           offices of the Guarantors of the PSC Framework, which will meet regularly and
           review progress in the implementation of the regional commitments under the PSC
           Framework and (ii) a national oversight mechanism in order to accompany and
           oversee the implementation of the commitments for reform of the DRC;
                 4.  Calls on the newly designated Special Envoy for the Great Lakes Region,
           in coordination with and with the appropriate support from the Special
           Representative for the DRC, to lead, coordinate and assess the implementation of
           national and regional commitments under the PSC Framework, as set out in
           Annex A, including through the swift establishment of benchmarks and appropriate
           follow-up measures and, building on the PSC Framework, encourages the Special
           Envoy for the Great Lakes Region to lead a comprehensive political process that
           includes all relevant stakeholders to address the underlying root causes of the
           conflict;
                 5.    Calls on the Special Representative for the DRC, in collaboration with
           the Special Envoy for the Great Lakes Region, to support, coordinate and assess the
           implementation of national commitments under the PSC Framework in the DRC, as
           set out in Annex B;
                 6.   Expresses its intention to review progress of the implementation of the
           PSC Framework in the region against the associated benchmarks and appropriate
           follow-up measures after the conclusion of the first visit to the region of the Special
           Envoy for the Great Lakes Region and regularly thereafter, as well as on the basis of
           the reports of the Secretary-General referred to in paragraph 34 below, and further
           expresses its intention, in the event that any or all of the parties have not complied
           with the commitments set forth in the PSC Framework, to take appropriate measures
           as necessary;
                 7.    Strongly condemns the continued presence of the M23 in the immediate
           vicinity of Goma and its attempts to establish an illegitimate parallel administration
           in North-Kivu, demands that the M23 cease immediately all forms of violence and
           destabilizing activities and that its members immediately and permanently disband
           and lay down their arms, and calls for the restoration of state authority of the
           Government of the DRC in Goma and in North-Kivu;
                8.    Strongly condemns the M23, the FDLR, the ADF, the APCLS, the LRA,
           the National Force of Liberation (FNL), the various Mayi Mayi groups and all other
           armed groups and their continuing violence and abuses of human rights, including
           summary executions, sexual and gender based violence and large scale recruitment
           and use of children, demands that all armed groups cease immediately all forms of
           violence and destabilizing activities and that their members immediately and
           permanently disband and lay down their arms, and reiterates that those responsible
           for human rights abuses and violations of international humanitarian law will be

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               held accountable and should not be eligible for integration into the FARDC or other
               elements of state security forces;
                     9.    Decides to extend the mandate of MONUSCO in the DRC until 31 March
               2014, takes note of the recommendations of the Special Report of the Secretary-General on the DRC and in the Great Lakes Region regarding MONUSCO, and
               decides that MONUSCO shall, for an initial period of one year and within the
               authorized troop ceiling of 19,815, on an exceptional basis and without creating a
               precedent or any prejudice to the agreed principles of peacekeeping, include an
               “Intervention Brigade” consisting inter alia of three infantry battalions, one artillery
               and one Special force and Reconnaissance company with headquarters in Goma,
               under direct command of the MONUSCO Force Commander, with the responsibility
               of neutralizing armed groups as set out in paragraph 12 (b) below and the objective
               of contributing to reducing the threat posed by armed groups to state authority and
               civilian security in eastern DRC and to make space for stabilization activities;
                     10. Decides that the Intervention Brigade will have a clear exit strategy and
               that the Council will consider the continued presence of the Intervention Brigade in
               light of its performance and whether the DRC, which has the primary responsibility
               for safeguarding its sovereignty and territorial integrity, has made sufficient
               progress in implementing its commitments under the PSC Framework, as well as the
               establishment and implementation of a national security sector reform roadmap for
               the creation of a Congolese “Rapid Reaction Force” able to take over responsibility
               for achieving the objective of the Intervention Brigade;
                     11. Decides that future reconfigurations of MONUSCO and its mandate
               should be determined on the basis of the evolution of the situation on the ground
               and, in the context of implementation by the Government of the DRC and all other
               signatories of the PSC Framework, progress towards the following objectives:
                     (a) Reduction of the threat posed by Congolese and foreign armed groups,
               including through the operations by the Intervention Brigade, violence against
               civilians, including sexual and gender-based violence and violence against children
               to a level that can be effectively managed by the Congolese justice and security
               institutions;
                     (b) Stabilization through the establishment of functional state security
               institutions in conflict-affected areas, and through strengthened democratic order
               that reduces the risk of instability, including adequate political space, observance of
               human rights and a credible electoral process;
                    12. Authorizes MONUSCO, through its military component, in pursuit of the
               objectives described in paragraph 11 above, to take all necessary measures to
               perform the following tasks, through its regular forces and its Intervention Brigade
               as appropriate;
                    (a)   Protection of civilians
                    (i) Ensure, within its area of operations, effective protection of civilians
                    under imminent threat of physical violence, including civilians gathered in
                    displaced and refugee camps, humanitarian personnel and human rights
                    defenders, in the context of violence emerging from any of the parties engaged
                    in the conflict, and mitigate the risk to civilians before, during and after any
                    military operation;

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                (ii) Ensure the protection of United Nations personnel, facilities, installations
                and equipment;
                (iii) Work with the Government of the DRC to identify threats to civilians and
                implement existing response plans to ensure the protection of civilians from
                abuses and violations of human rights and violations of international
                humanitarian law, including all forms of sexual and gender-based violence and
                grave violations against children, and requests MONUSCO to ensure that child
                protection concerns are integrated into all operations and strategic aspects of
                MONUSCO’s work and accelerate the implementation of monitoring, analysis
                and reporting arrangements on conflict-related sexual violence as called for in
                resolution 1960 (2010), and employ Women Protection Advisers to engage
                with parties to conflict in order to seek commitments on the prevention and
                response to conflict-related sexual violence;
                (b)   Neutralizing armed groups through the Intervention Brigade
                 In support of the authorities of the DRC, on the basis of information collation
           and analysis, and taking full account of the need to protect civilians and mitigate
           risk before, during and after any military operation, carry out targeted offensive
           operations through the Intervention Brigade referred to in paragraph 9 and
           paragraph 10 above, either unilaterally or jointly with the FARDC, in a robust,
           highly mobile and versatile manner and in strict compliance with international law,
           including international humanitarian law and with the human rights due diligence
           policy on UN-support to non-UN forces (HRDDP), to prevent the expansion of all
           armed groups, neutralize these groups, and to disarm them in order to contribute to
           the objective of reducing the threat posed by armed groups on state authority and
           civilian security in eastern DRC and to make space for stabilization activities;
                (c)   Monitoring the implementation of the arms embargo
                 Monitor the implementation of the arms embargo as described in paragraph 1
           of resolution 2078 (2012) in cooperation with the Group of Experts established by
           resolution 1533 (2004), and in particular observe and report on flows of military
           personnel, arms or related materiel across the eastern border of the DRC, including
           by using, as specified in the letter of the Council from 22 January 2013 (S/2013/44),
           surveillance capabilities provided by unmanned aerial systems, seize, collect and
           dispose of arms or related materials whose presence in the DRC violates the
           measures imposed by paragraph 1 of resolution 2078 (2012), and share relevant
           information with the Group of Experts;
                (d)   Provision of support to national and international judicial processes
                 Support and work with the Government of the DRC to arrest and bring to
           justice those responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity in the country,
           including through cooperation with States of the region and the ICC;
                13. Requests MONUSCO’s civilian component to support in particular, as
           appropriate, the implementation of the tasks outlined in paragraphs 12 (a), 12 (c)
           and 12 (d);
                14. Calls on the Special Representative for the DRC to perform, through his
           good offices, the following tasks:

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                    (a) Encourage and accelerate greater national ownership of Security Sector
               Reform (SSR) by the DRC authorities, including through the urgent finalisation and
               implementation of a national strategy for the establishment of effective, inclusive
               and accountable security and justice institutions by the DRC and play a leading role
               in coordinating the support for SSR provided by international and bilateral partners
               and the UN system;
                     (b) Promote inclusive and transparent political dialogue among all
               Congolese stakeholders with a view to furthering reconciliation and democratization
               and encourage the organization of credible and transparent provincial and local
               elections;
                    (c) Encourage the prompt establishment and the consolidation of an effective
               national civilian structure to control key mining activities and to manage in an
               equitable manner the extraction and trade of natural resources in eastern DRC;
                    15. Authorizes MONUSCO, through its civilian component, to contribute, in
               coordination with the UNCT and in support of national mechanisms to implement
               the PSC Framework, to the following tasks:
                    (a) Monitor, report and follow-up on human rights violations and abuses, and
               support the UN system in-country to ensure that any support provided by the United
               Nations in the eastern DRC shall be consistent with international humanitarian law
               and human rights law and refugee law as applicable;
                    (b) Provide good offices, advice and support to the Government of the DRC
               to enable the development and finalisation of a clear and comprehensive SSR
               implementation roadmap including benchmarks and timelines to establish effective
               and accountable security institutions;
                     (c) Provide good offices, advice and support to the Government of the DRC
               for a reform of the army, including, as a first step, the establishment of a vetted,
               well-trained and adequately equipped “Rapid Reaction Force” within the FARDC
               which should form the nucleus for a professional, accountable, well-sustained and
               effective national defence force, and support, when appropriate and in coordination
               with international partners, the training of the “Rapid Reaction Force” which
               should, in the frame of the benchmarks and timelines set by the SSR roadmap,
               develop the capacity to assume as soon as possible security responsibilities from the
               Intervention Brigade of MONUSCO;
                     (d) Provide good offices, advice and support to the Government of the DRC
               for the design of a single overarching DDR and DDRRR plan for foreign and
               Congolese combatants not suspected of genocide, war crimes, crimes against
               humanity or gross violations of human rights, including members of the FARDC,
               and support, when appropriate, the implementation of this plan;
                     (e) Provide good offices, advice and support to the Government of the DRC,
               in close cooperation with other international partners, to build on the Government’s
               STAREC and revised ISSSS to support the establishment of a minimum level of
               sustainable state authority and control in conflict-affected areas in eastern DRC,
               including through area-based efforts to improve security, state authority and enable
               the commencement of sustainable socio-economic recovery;
                     (f) Provide good offices, advice and support to the Government of the DRC
               for the reform of the police, including by contributing, in compliance with the

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           HRDDP, to the provision of training to battalions of the Congolese National Police
           (PNC);
                 (g) Provide good offices, advice and support to the Government of the DRC
           for the development and the implementation, in accordance with the Congolese
           strategy for justice reform, of a multi-year joint United Nations justice support
           programme in order to develop the criminal justice institutions and processes, the
           police, the judiciary and prisons in conflict-affected areas;
                 (h) Provide good offices, advice and support to the Government of the DRC
           to promote human rights and to fight impunity, including through the
           implementation of the Government’s “zero tolerance policy” with respect to
           discipline and human rights and international humanitarian law violations,
           committed by elements of the security forces, in particular its newly integrated
           elements;
                (i) Continue to collaborate with the Government of the DRC in the swift and
           vigorous implementation of the action plan to prevent and end the recruitment and
           use of children and sexual violence against children by FARDC, and continue
           dialogue with all listed parties to obtain further commitments and work towards the
           development and implementation of time bound action plans to end the recruitment
           and use of children and other violations of international humanitarian law;
                 16. Requests MONUSCO’s military component to support in particular, as
           appropriate, the implementation of the tasks outlined in paragraphs 15 (a), 15 (b),
           15 (c), 15 (d) and 15 (i);
                17. Requests the Secretary-General, to produce a detailed report and
           accompanying matrix reflecting the current division of labour between MONUSCO
           and the UNCT on tasks shared by the Mission, the UNCT and the Government of
           the DRC and setting out a clear roadmap, with accompanying timeline, to transfer to
           the UNCT to the fullest extent possible tasks where the UNCT has a comparative
           advantage or which take place in non-conflict areas, or to the Government of the
           DRC, in order to streamline the tasks assigned to MONUSCO’s military and civilian
           components, and expresses its intention to keep the mandate of MONUSCO under
           review on the basis of this report;
                 18. Decides that MONUSCO, in coordination with the UNCT, shall transfer
           as soon as feasible to the UNCT appropriate tasks that are not mentioned in
           paragraphs 12, 14 and 15 above, including technical election support and demining
           support, and calls upon MONUSCO to continue to work with the UNCT and the
           Congolese authorities towards the adoption and implementation of the Peace
           Consolidation Programme covering provinces not affected by the conflict, and
           requests MONUSCO, where appropriate, to continue transferring tasks to the UNCT
           in those provinces;
                 19. Decides that MONUSCO shall strengthen the presence of its military,
           police and civilian components in eastern DRC and reduce, to the fullest extent
           possible for the implementation of its mandate, its presence in areas not affected by
           conflict in particular Kinshasa and in western DRC, including through the roll-out
           of the United Nations Area Coordinator mechanism and Model Office concept as
           well as the appointment of further United Nations Area Coordinators and
           establishment of additional UN Joint Offices;

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                     20. Urges the international community and donors to support MONUSCO
               and the UNCT in the DDR and DDRRR activities referred to in paragraph 15 (d)
               and ISSSS activities referred to in paragraph 15 (e) and calls upon the Government
               of the DRC and neighbouring States to remain engaged in the process;
                    21. Requests the Government of the DRC to arrest and hold accountable
               those responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity in the country,
               including Sylvestre Mudacumura, and stresses the importance to this end of regional
               cooperation, including through cooperation with the ICC;
                    22. Encourages the Government of the DRC to continue to build on its
               cooperation with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children
               and Armed Conflicts and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on
               Sexual Violence in Conflict and to vigorously implement, with the support of
               MONUSCO as appropriate, the action plan to prevent and end the recruitment and
               use of children and sexual violence by the FARDC;
                     23. Encourages MONUSCO, in coordination with ICGLR members, to
               participate, as appropriate and within the limits of its capacities and mandate, in the
               activities of the Expanded Joint Border Verification Mechanism (EJVM) as a
               regional confidence building mechanism, consistent with paragraph 12 (c);
                     24. Calls on MONUSCO to coordinate strategies with other UN missions in
               the region for enhanced information-sharing in light of the attacks by the LRA, and
               reiterates support to the respective initiatives taken by the UN and the AU to
               facilitate regional action against the LRA, consistent with paragraph 12 (a);
                     25. Encourages MONUSCO to enhance its interaction with the civilian
               population to raise awareness and understanding about its mandate and activities
               through a comprehensive public outreach programme, and to collect reliable
               information on violations of international humanitarian law and abuses of human
               rights perpetrated against civilians consistent with paragraphs 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16;
                     26. Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary measures to ensure
               full compliance of MONUSCO with the United Nations zero-tolerance policy on
               sexual exploitation and abuses and to keep the Council informed if cases of such
               conduct occur;
                     27. Demands that all parties cooperate fully with the operations of
               MONUSCO and allow the full, safe, immediate and unhindered access for United
               Nations and associated personnel, consistent with relevant provisions of
               international law, in carrying out their mandate and the delivery of humanitarian
               assistance, in particular to internally displaced persons, throughout the territory of
               the DRC;
                     28. Calls on all Member States to generously contribute to the UN
               humanitarian appeal for the DRC to help ensure that UN humanitarian agencies and
               other international organizations are fully funded and able to address the protection
               and assistance needs of internally displaced people, survivors of sexual violence,
               and other vulnerable communities;
                    29. Notes that it is important that all MONUSCO contingents, including the
               contingents of the Intervention Brigade, are properly prepared and effectively
               equipped to be able to carry out their respective tasks;

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                30. Requests MONUSCO to keep the AU, ICGLR and SADC informed of the
           operational situation in eastern DRC;
                31. Commends the contribution of troop- and police-contributing countries
           and donors to MONUSCO, calls on Member States to pledge and provide the
           remaining force enablers, in particular military air assets, required for the Mission,
           and recalls the importance of close consultations with troop- and police-contributing
           countries;
                 32. Expresses its full support to the UN Group of Experts established by
           resolution 1533 (2004) and calls for enhanced cooperation between all States,
           particularly those in the region, MONUSCO and the Group of Experts, encourages
           further that all parties and all States ensure cooperation with the Group of Experts
           by individuals and entities within their jurisdiction or under their control and
           reiterates its demand that all parties and all States ensure the safety of its members
           and its support staff, and unhindered and immediate access, in particular to persons,
           documents and sites the Group of Experts deems relevant to the execution of its
           mandate;
                 33. Requests the Secretary-General, consistent with paragraph 31, to review
           and update the mission concept, concept of operations, rules of engagement and all
           other relevant UN planning documents to reflect the tasks of MONUSCO’s military
           component, consisting of its regular forces and of the Intervention Brigade, in order
           to ensure coherent and coordinated delivery of MONUSCO’s objectives in line with
           its mandate;
               34.    Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council every three
           months:
                 (a) in coordination with his Special Envoy for the Great Lakes region and his
           Special Representative for the DRC on the implementation of the commitments
           under the PSC Framework and on any breaches of the commitments contained
           therein, including on the basis of the benchmarks and appropriate follow-up
           measures referred to in paragraph 4 and paragraph 5;
                (b)   in coordination with his Special Representative for the DRC on:
                (i) the situation on the ground, including sexual violence and the impact of
                conflict on women and children, and including in the light of the objectives
                outlined in paragraph 11 and on the basis of the joint assessment process
                allowed by the ongoing strategic partnership between the Congolese
                Government and MONUSCO;
                (ii) progress made by the DRC in the implementation of its commitments
                under the PSC Framework, including through the establishment and
                implementation of a national security sector reform roadmap and the creation
                of a Congolese “Rapid Reaction Force”, and on the design and implementation
                of the overarching DDR and DDRRR plan;
                (iii) the implementation by MONUSCO of its mandate, including on the
                deployment, readiness and activities of the Intervention Brigade and all other
                MONUSCO forces, on any violations of international human rights law and
                international humanitarian law that may occur and on efforts undertaken to
                mitigate civilian harm;

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S/RES/2098 (2013)

                    (iv) the reconfiguration of MONUSCO to conduct the tasks set out in
                    paragraphs 12 and 13, to contribute to the tasks set out in paragraphs 14 and 15
                    and to transfer activities from MONUSCO to the UN country team as set out
                    in paragraph 18, including on the basis of the matrix of division of labour
                    referred to in paragraph 17 which should be presented within three months and
                    updated regularly thereafter, and on the reinforcement of MONUSCO presence
                    in eastern DRC;
                    (v) the review and subsequent updating of the mission concept, concept of
                    operations, rules of engagement and all other relevant UN planning
                    documents;
                    (vi) the risks and their implications for the safety and the security for the UN
                    personnel and facilities as a result of the possible operations of the
                    Intervention Brigade as well as measures taken to strengthen their security and
                    mitigate risks;
                    35.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Annex A
           Commitments of the countries of the region under the Peace,
           Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic
           Republic of the Congo and the region

              • Not to interfere in the internal affairs of neighbouring countries;
              • To neither tolerate nor provide assistance or support of any kind to armed
                groups;
              • To respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of neighbouring countries;
              • To strengthen regional cooperation including deepening economic integration
                with special consideration for the exploitation of natural resources;
              • To respect the legitimate concerns and interests of the neighbouring countries,
                in particular regarding security matters;
              • To neither harbour nor provide protection of any kind to persons accused of
                war crimes, crimes against humanity, acts of genocide or crimes of aggression,
                or persons falling under the United Nations sanctions regime; and
              • To facilitate the administration of justice through judicial cooperation within
                the region.

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S/RES/2098 (2013)

Annex B
               Commitments of the Government of the Democratic Republic of
               the Congo under the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework
               for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the region

                    • To continue, and deepen security sector reform, particularly with respect to the
                      Army and Police;
                    • To consolidate State authority, particularly in eastern Democratic Republic of
                      the Congo, including to prevent armed groups from destabilizing neighbouring
                      countries;
                    • To make progress with regard to decentralization;
                    • To further economic development, including with respect to the expansion of
                      infrastructure and basic social service delivery;
                    • To further structural reform of Government institutions, including financial
                      reform; and
                    • To further the agenda of reconciliation, tolerance and democratization.

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Security Council resolution 2098 (2013) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) until 31 Mar. 2014]

S/68 [104] UN ORGANIZATION STABILIZATION MISSION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
S/68 [102] DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SITUATION
S/68 [101] GREAT LAKES REGION (AFRICA)--REGIONAL SECURITY

UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Intervention Brigade|UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo. Forces armées|Framework for Peace, Security and Cooperation for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Region (2013)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|MILITARY REFORM|POLICE|ARMS EMBARGO|HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS|DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO|DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SITUATION|STAFF SECURITY|REGIONAL SECURITY|PARTNERSHIP|GOOD OFFICES|GREAT LAKES REGION (AFRICA)

Congo, The Democratic Republic of the|Congo|Rwanda


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2099 (2013)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               25 April 2013

               Resolution 2099 (2013)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 6951st meeting, on
               25 April 2013

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling and reaffirming all its previous resolutions on Western Sahara,
                    Reaffirming its strong support for the efforts of the Secretary-General and his
               Personal Envoy to implement resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008),
               1871 (2009), 1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), and 2044 (2012),
                     Reaffirming its commitment to assist the parties to achieve a just, lasting, and
               mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the self-determination
               of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements consistent with the
               principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and noting the role and
               responsibilities of the parties in this respect,
                     Reiterating its call upon the parties and the neighbouring states to cooperate
               more fully with the United Nations and with each other and to strengthen their
               involvement to end the current impasse and to achieve progress towards a political
               solution,
                    Recognizing that achieving a political solution to this long-standing dispute
               and enhanced cooperation between the Member States of the Maghreb Arab Union
               would contribute to stability and security in the Sahel region,
                     Welcoming the efforts of the Secretary-General to keep all peacekeeping
               operations, including MINURSO, under close review and reiterating the need for the
               Council to pursue a rigorous, strategic approach to peacekeeping deployments, and
               effective management of resources,
                     Expressing concern about the violations of existing agreements, and calling on
               the parties to respect their relevant obligations,
                    Taking note of the Moroccan proposal presented on 11 April 2007 to the
               Secretary-General and welcoming serious and credible Moroccan efforts to move the
               process forward towards resolution; also taking note of the Polisario Front proposal
               presented 10 April 2007 to the Secretary-General,

13-31441 (E)
*1331441*

S/RES/2099 (2013)

                    Encouraging in this context, the parties to demonstrate further political will
               towards a solution including by expanding upon their discussion of each other’s
               proposals,
                    Taking note of the four rounds of negotiations held under the auspices of the
               Secretary-General and welcoming the commitment of the parties to continue the
               negotiations process,
                    Encouraging the parties to continue cooperating with the Office of the High
               Commissioner for Refugees in implementing the January 2012 updated Plan of
               Action on Confidence Building Measures,
                     Stressing the importance of improving the human rights situation in Western
               Sahara and the Tindouf camps, and encouraging the parties to work with the
               international community to develop and implement independent and credible
               measures to ensure full respect for human rights, bearing in mind their relevant
               obligations under international law,
                    Encouraging the parties to continue in their respective efforts to enhance the
               promotion and protection of human rights in Western Sahara and the Tindouf
               refugee camps,
                     Recognizing and welcoming, in this regard, the steps taken by Morocco to
               strengthen the National Council on Human Rights Commissions operating in Dakhla
               and Laayoune, and Morocco’s ongoing interaction with Special Procedures of the
               United Nations Human Rights Council, including those planned for 2013,
                    Also welcoming the implementation of the enhanced refugee protection
               programme developed by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for
               Refugees in coordination with the Polisario Front, which includes refugee and
               human rights training and awareness initiatives,
                    Reiterating its request for consideration of a refugee registration in the
               Tindouf refugee camps and encouraging efforts in this regard,
                    Welcoming the commitment of the parties to continue the process of
               negotiations through the United Nations-sponsored talks,
                     Recognizing that the consolidation of the status quo is not acceptable, and
               noting further that progress in the negotiations is essential in order to improve the
               quality of life of the people of Western Sahara in all its aspects,
                    Affirming support for the Secretary-General’s Personal Envoy for Western
               Sahara Ambassador Christopher Ross and his work in facilitating negotiations
               between the parties, and, welcoming to that effect his recent initiatives and ongoing
               consultations with the parties and neighbouring states,
                    Affirming support for the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for
               Western Sahara and Head of MINURSO Wolfgang Weisbrod-Weber,
                    Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 8 April 2013
               (S/2013/220),
                    1.    Decides to extend the mandate of MINURSO until 30 April 2014;

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                                                                                S/RES/2099 (2013)

                2.     Reaffirms the need for full respect of the military agreements reached with
           the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) with
           regard to the ceasefire and calls on the parties to adhere fully to those agreements;
                 3.  Calls upon all parties to cooperate fully with the operations of
           MINURSO, including its free interaction with all interlocutors, and to take the
           necessary steps to ensure the security of as well as unhindered movement and
           immediate access for the United Nations and associated personnel in carrying out
           their mandate, in conformity with existing agreements;
                 4.     Welcomes the parties’ commitment to continue the process of preparation
           for a fifth round of negotiations, and recalls its endorsement of the recommendation
           in the report of 14 April 2008 (S/2008/251) that realism and a spirit of compromise
           by the parties are essential to achieve progress in negotiations;
                5.    Calls upon the parties to continue to show political will and work in an
           atmosphere propitious for dialogue in order to enter into a more intensive and
           substantive phase of negotiations, thus ensuring implementation of resolutions 1754
           (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008), 1871 (2009), 1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), and 2044
           (2012), and the success of negotiations;
                6.    Affirms its strong support for the commitment of the Secretary-General
           and his Personal Envoy towards a solution to the question of Western Sahara in this
           context and calls for renewed meetings and strengthening of contacts;
                  7.   Calls upon the parties to continue negotiations under the auspices of the
           Secretary-General without preconditions and in good faith, taking into account the
           efforts made since 2006 and subsequent developments, with a view to achieving a
           just, lasting, and mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the
           self-determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements
           consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and
           noting the role and responsibilities of the parties in this respect;
                8.    Invites Member States to lend appropriate assistance to these talks;
                 9.    Requests the Secretary-General to brief the Security Council on a regular
           basis, and at least twice a year, on the status and progress of these negotiations
           under his auspices, on the implementation of this resolution, challenges to
           MINURSO’s operations and steps taken to address them, and expresses its intention
           to meet to receive and discuss his briefings and in this regard, further requests the
           Secretary-General to provide a report on the situation in Western Sahara well before
           the end of the mandate period;
                10. Welcomes the commitment of the parties and the neighbouring states to
           hold periodic meetings with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner
           for Refugees to review and, where possible, expand confidence-building measures,
           and in this regard, supports the Secretary-General’s request for additional six United
           Nations police officers to implement the expanded family visit programme;
                11. Urges Member States to provide voluntary contributions to fund
           confidence-building measures that allow for visits between separated family members,
           as well as for other confidence-building measures agreed upon between parties;
               12. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take the necessary
           measures to ensure full compliance in MINURSO with the United Nations zero-

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S/RES/2099 (2013)

               tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to keep the Council informed,
               and urges troop-contributing countries to take appropriate preventive action
               including predeployment awareness training, and other action to ensure full
               accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel;
                    13.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

4                                                                                13-31441

Security Council resolution 2099 (2013) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 30 Apr. 2014]

S/68 [45] UN MISSION FOR THE REFERENDUM IN WESTERN SAHARA
S/68 [44] WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION

UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|NEGOTIATION|PEACE AGREEMENTS|WESTERN SAHARA|WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION|SELF-DETERMINATION OF PEOPLES|CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES|FAMILY VISITS|CODES OF CONDUCT