               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2406 (2018)
               Security Council                                               Distr.: General
                                                                              15 March 2018

               Resolution 2406 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8204th meeting, on
               15 March 2018

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions 1996 (2011), 2046 (2012), 2057 (2012), 2109
               (2013), 2132 (2013), 2155 (2014), 2187 (2014), 2206 (2015), 2223 (2015), 2241
               (2015), 2252 (2015), 2302 (2016), 2304 (2016), 2327 (2016), and 2392 (2017), and
               statements by its President S/PRST/2014/16, S/PRST/2014/26, S/PRST/2015/9,
               S/PRST/2016/1, S/PRST/2016/3, S/PRST/2017/4, and S/PRST/2017/25,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity, and national unity of the Republic of South Sudan, and recalling the
               importance of the principles of non-interference, good-neighbourliness, and regional
               cooperation,
                    Reiterating its increasingly grave alarm and concern regarding the political,
               security, economic, and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan, and subsequen t violence
               caused by the country’s political and military leaders since December 2013, and
               emphasizing there can be no military solution to the situation in South Sudan,
                     Expressing deep alarm over the increasing scope of the violence across the
               country, strongly condemning armed clashes and violence involving the Sudan
               People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), SPLA-In Opposition (SPLA-IO), SPLA-IO
               (Taban), and armed groups, further condemning in the strongest terms the ongoing
               fighting in violation of the 21 December 2017 “Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities,
               Protection of Civilians, and Humanitarian Access” (the ACOH), welcoming the rapid
               assessment of these violations by the Ceasefire and Transitional Security
               Arrangements Monitoring Mechanism (CTSAMM), and encouraging the
               Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) to share reports with the
               Security Council rapidly,
                     Deeply regretting that the parties have disregarded its Presidential Statements
               of 23 March 2017 and 14 December 2017, most notably the prov isions on adhering
               to a permanent ceasefire and allowing the unhindered delivery of humanitarian
               assistance to those in need, and recalling the 4 September 2016 Joint Communique
               by the Transitional Government of National Unity of South Sudan and United Nat ions
               Security Council Members and regretting its lack of implementation by the
               Government of South Sudan,

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                    Welcoming the commitment and efforts of IGAD, the Joint Monitoring and
               Evaluation Commission (JMEC), the African Union (AU), the African Union Peace
               and Security Council (AUPSC), and the United Nations (UN) to continue engaging
               with South Sudanese leaders to address the current crisis, and encouraging their
               continued and proactive engagement,
                     Taking note of the 2015 “Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the
               Republic of South Sudan” (the Agreement), IGAD-led High Level Revitalization
               Forum for the Agreement, and the ACOH, calling on South Sudanese parties to
               demonstrate the political will to peacefully resolve the conflict, and stressing that the
               IGAD High-Level Revitalization Forum is a unique window of opportunity, but
               equally a last chance for the parties to achieve sustainable peace and stability in South
               Sudan, and noting that timelines for the implementation schedule of the Agreement
               should be amended to reflect the need to create an environment conducive to post -
               transition elections,
                    Taking note of the communiqués of the 12 June 2017 31st Extraordinary Summit
               of the IGAD Assembly Heads of State and Government, the 20 September 2017
               Ministerial of the African Union Peace and Security Council, the 60th Extraordinary
               Session of IGAD Council of Ministers on the Situation in South Sudan, and the
               8 February 2018 African Union Peace and Security Council meeting on the Status on
               the Revitalization Process for the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in
               South Sudan, as well as the 12 January Joint Statement by the Chairperson of the
               African Union and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the Situation in
               South Sudan and the 27 January 2018 AU, IGAD, and the UN Consultative Meeting
               on the Republic of South Sudan Joint Statement, and further taking note that the AU,
               IGAD, and the United Nations Security Council demanded that parties that violate
               the ACOH must be held accountable,
                     Recalling its 14 December 2017 Presidential Statement that there must be costs
               and consequences for those who undermine the High Level Revitalization Forum
               process and to that end, further recalling that individuals or entities responsible for
               or complicit in, or having engaged in, directly or indirectly, actions or policies that
               threaten the peace, security or stability of South Sudan, may be designated for
               targeted sanctions pursuant to resolution 2206 (2015), 2271 (2016), 2280 (2016),
               2290 (2016), and 2353 (2017), including individuals who engage in attacks against
               United Nations missions, international security presences, or other peacekeeping
               operations, or humanitarian personnel and recalling its willingness to impose targeted
               sanctions,
                    Commending the work of the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South
               Sudan (UNMISS), and stressing the importance of effective engagement and liaison
               with local communities, as well as humanitarian actors, incl uding through regular
               communication about the UNMISS mandate, including its planned actions and
               capacities, security threats and related information, both within and outside the
               Protection of Civilians sites, in order to fulfil UNMISS ’s Protection of Civilians
               mandate,
                     Recognizing that unarmed civilian protection can often complement efforts to
               build a protective environment, particularly in the deterrence of sexual and gender -
               based violence against civilians, and encouraging UNMISS, as appropriate and when
               possible, to explore how it can use civilian protection techniques to enhance its ability
               to protect civilians,
                     Recognizing the dire humanitarian situation and high levels of food insecurity
               in many parts of the country, and in this regard noting the importance of UNMISS’s
               contribution to creating through coordination with humanitarian actors, displaced
               communities, and authorities the conditions for the safe, voluntary, and dignified

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           return of IDPs and refugees, so that they may resume their livelihoo ds including the
           cultivation of land for food production,
                 Strongly condemning the continued obstruction of UNMISS by the Transitional
           Government of National Unity (TGNU) and opposition groups, including severe
           restrictions on freedom of movement, assault of UNMISS personnel, and constraints
           on mission operations, many of which were reported by the Secretary -General as
           violations of the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) by the TGNU,
                Demanding that all parties, particularly the TGNU and the SPLA-IO, end all
           obstructions to UNMISS, including inter alia carrying out its mandate to monitor and
           investigate human rights,
                 Recalling its strong condemnation of all instances of attacks against civilians,
           including violence against women, children, and persons in vulnerable situations,
           ethnically targeted violence, hate speech, and incitements to violence, and further
           expressing deep concern at the possibility that what began as a political conflict could
           continue to transform into an outright ethnic war, as noted by the Special Advisor for
           the Prevention of Genocide Adama Dieng,
                 Strongly condemning all human rights violations and abuses and violations of
           international humanitarian law, including those involving extrajudicial killings,
           ethnically targeted violence, rape and other forms of sexual and gender-based
           violence, recruitment and use of children, enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests
           and detention, violence aimed at spreading terror among the civilian population,
           targeting of members of civil society, and attacks on schools, places of worship,
           hospitals, medical facilities and transport, United Nations and associated personnel,
           and humanitarian personnel, by all parties, including armed groups and national
           security forces, as well as the incitement to commit such abuses and violations,
           further condemning harassment, targeting, and censorship of civil society,
           humanitarian personnel and journalists and emphasizing that those responsible for
           violations of international humanitarian law and violations and a buses of human
           rights must be held accountable, and that South Sudan’s TGNU bears the primary
           responsibility to protect its populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing,
           and crimes against humanity,
                 Taking note of the UNMISS and Office of the High Commissioner for Human
           Rights report on the Freedom of Expression in South Sudan, condemning the use of
           media to broadcast hate speech and transmit messages instigating violence against a
           particular ethnic group, a practice that has the potential to p lay a significant role in
           promoting mass violence and exacerbating conflict, and calling on the Government
           of South Sudan to immediately condemn and counter increasing hate speech and
           ethnic violence and to promote reconciliation among its people, includin g through a
           process of justice and accountability,
                Expressing grave concern at the findings of the Special Representative of the
           Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict of the systematic and widespread
           use of sexual violence as a tactic by parties to the conflict against the civilian
           population, particularly against women and girls in South Sudan,
                Stressing the urgent need to end impunity in South Sudan and to hold
           accountable and bring to justice all perpetrators for violations of internationa l
           humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights, and further stressing the
           importance of accountability, reconciliation and healing in ending impunity and
           ensuring a sustainable peace, and in this regard, sharing the concern of the AUPSC
           about the delays in establishing the Hybrid Court for South Sudan,
               Taking note with interest of the reports on the human rights situation in South
           Sudan issued by UNMISS and the Secretary-General, as well as the report of the AU

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               Commission of Inquiry on South Sudan and the Separate Opinion, expressing grave
               concern that according to some reports, including the AU Commission of Inquiry
               report on South Sudan, released on 27 October 2015, there were reasonable grounds
               to believe that war crimes and crimes against humanity had been committed and the
               report of the Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan, released on 23 February
               2018 that war crimes and crimes against humanity may have been committed,
               emphasizing its hope that these and other credible reporting will be duly considered
               by any transitional justice and reconciliation mechanisms for South Sudan including
               those established in the Agreement, stressing the importance of collection and
               preservation of evidence for eventual use by the Hybrid Court for South Sudan, and
               encouraging efforts in this regard,
                     Expressing serious and urgent concern over the more than four million
               displaced persons and deepening humanitarian crisis, including an estimated 5.3
               million that face severe food insecurity according to the January 2018 Integrated Food
               Security Phase Classification report, which reflects a 40 percent increase from
               January 2017, and seven million in need of life-saving assistance, and that half of the
               country’s children are out of school, stressing the responsibility borne by all parties
               to the conflict for the immense suffering of the people of South Sudan, including the
               destruction or damage to livelihoods and productive assets, commending United
               Nations humanitarian agencies, partners, and donors for their efforts to provide urgent
               and coordinated support to the population, and calling upon the international
               community to continue these efforts to meet the growing humanitarian needs of the
               people of South Sudan,
                     Condemning the obstructions by all parties to civilians’ movement and to
               humanitarian actors’ movement to reach civilians in need of assistance, expressing
               concern at the increasing ad hoc legislation, new taxes, and permits which are
               hampering the delivery of humanitarian assistance across the countr y, and recalling
               the need for all parties to the conflict to allow and facilitate, in accordance with
               relevant provisions of international law and United Nations guiding principles of
               humanitarian assistance, including humanity, impartiality, neutrality, and
               independence, the full, safe and unhindered access of relief personnel, equipment and
               supplies and timely delivery of humanitarian assistance, to all those in need, in
               particular to internally displaced persons (IDPs), and refugees,
                     Condemning all attacks against humanitarian personnel and facilities that
               resulted in the deaths of at least 98 personnel since December 2013, including the
               attack on the Terrain compound on 11 July 2016 and attacks against medical personnel
               and hospitals, noting with alarm the increasing trend of harassment and intimidation
               of humanitarian personnel, and recalling that attacks against humanitarian personnel
               and objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population may amount to
               violations of international humanitarian law,
                     Expressing its deep appreciation for the actions taken by UNMISS peacekeepers
               and Troop- and Police-Contributing Countries in implementing the UNMISS mandate
               in a challenging environment, including in protecting civilians, including foreign
               nationals, under threat of physical violence and to stabilize the security situation
               within and beyond UNMISS sites, and stressing that any national caveat that
               negatively affects the implementation of mandate effectiveness should not be
               accepted by the Secretary-General, and further highlighting that lack of effective
               command and control, refusal to obey orders, failure to respond to attacks on
               civilians, inadequate equipment, and financial resources may adversely affect the
               shared responsibility for effective mandate implementation,
                     Welcoming the commitment of the Secretary-General to enforce strictly his zerotolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse, noting the various measures taken

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           by UNMISS and Troop- and Police-contributing countries to combat sexual
           exploitation and abuse, but still expressing grave concern over recent allegations of
           sexual exploitation and abuse reportedly committed by peacekeepers in South Sudan,
           stressing the urgent need for Troop- and Police-contributing countries and, as
           appropriate, UNMISS, to promptly investigate those allegations in a credible and
           transparent manner and for those responsible for such criminal offences or
           misconduct to be held to account, and further stressing the need to prevent such
           exploitation and abuse and to improve how these allegations are addressed in line
           with resolution 2272 (2016),
                 Recognizing the significant resource and capacity challenges UNMISS faces in
           implementing its mandate, expressing appreciation for UNMISS’s ongoing efforts to
           ensure the safety of IDPs seeking protection on its sites, while recognizing the
           importance of finding sustainable solutions for IDPs in keeping with the Guiding
           Principles on Internal Displacement, and underlining in this regard the need to extend
           its presence, including through proactive deployment and patrolling, to areas of
           displacement, return, and local integration,
                 Emphasizing that persistent barriers to full implementation of resolution 1325
           (2000), and subsequent resolutions on women, peace, and security including 2242
           (2015), will only be dismantled through dedicated commitment to women ’s
           empowerment, participation, and human rights, concerted leadership, consistent
           information and action, and support, to build women ’s engagement in all levels of
           decision-making, and through ensuring that the full and effective participation and
           involvement of women in all spheres and levels of the political and peace process,
                 Expressing grave concern regarding the threats made to oil installations,
           petroleum companies and their employees, and urging all parties to ensure the security
           of economic infrastructure, condemning attacks on oil installations, petroleum
           companies and their employees, and any fighting around these facilities, and urging
           all parties to ensure the security of economic infrastructure,
                Recalling its resolution 2117 (2013) and expressing grave concern at the threat
           to peace and security in South Sudan arising from the illicit transfer, destabilizing
           accumulation and misuse of small arms and light weapons,
                 Strongly condemning the attacks by government and opposition forces and other
           groups on United Nations and IGAD personnel and facilities, including the December
           2012 downing of a United Nations helicopter by the SPLA, the April 2013 attack on
           a United Nations convoy, the December 2013 attack on the UNMISS camp in Akobo,
           the August 2014 shooting down of a United Nations helicopter by unidentified armed
           groups, the August 2014 arrest and detention of an IGAD monitoring and verification
           team, the October 2015 seizure and detention of UNMISS personnel and equipment
           in Upper Nile State by opposition forces, the February 2016 attack on the Malakal
           protection of civilians site, the July 2016 attack on the Juba protection of civilians
           site, and the Terrain Compound attack, the detention and kidnappings of United
           Nations and associated personnel, the repeated attacks on the UNMISS camps in Bor,
           Bentiu, Malakal and Melut, and the disappearance purportedly caused by SPLA
           forces, and deaths of three United Nations-affiliated national staff and one national
           contractor in Upper Nile State, and calling upon the Government of South Sudan to
           complete its investigations of these attacks in a swift and thorough manner and to
           hold those responsible to account,
                Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General pursuant to resolution 2304
           (2016) paragraphs 16 and 18, and of resolution 2327 (2016) paragraphs 31 and 32,
           and the recommendations contained therein,

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                     Determining that the situation in South Sudan continues to constitute a threat to
               international peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.    Demands that all parties immediately end the fighting throughout South
               Sudan, and further demands that South Sudan’s leaders implement the permanent
               ceasefire declared in the Agreement and ceasefires for which they respectively called
               on 11 July 2016 and 22 May 2017, as well as the ACOH signed on 21 December 2017,
               and ensure that subsequent decrees and orders directing their commanders control
               their forces and protect civilians and their property are fully implemented;
                     2.   Demands that the TGNU of South Sudan comply with the obligations set
               out in the SOFA between the Government of South Sudan and the United Nations,
               and immediately cease obstructing UNMISS in the performance of its mandate, and
               further demands the TGNU immediately cease obstructing international and national
               humanitarian actors from assisting civilians, and facilitate freedom of movement for
               the CTSAMM and calls on the TGNU to take action, to deter, and to hold those
               responsible to account for any hostile or other actions that impede UNMISS or
               international and national humanitarian actors;
                     3.    Expresses its intention to consider all appropriate measures, as
               demonstrated by adoption of resolutions 2206 (2015), 2290 (2016), and 2353 (2017)
               against those who take actions that undermine the peace, stability, and security of
               South Sudan, stresses the sanctity of United Nations protection sites, specifically
               underscores that individuals or entities that are responsible or complicit in, or have
               engaged in, directly or indirectly, attacks against UNMISS personnel and premises
               and any humanitarian personnel, may meet the designation criteria, and in this regard
               takes note of the 20 February 2018 Special Report of the Secretary-General on the
               renewal of the mandate of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan ( S/2018/143)
               that the steady re-supply of weapons and ammunition to South Sudan has directly
               affected the safety of UN personnel and UNMISS’s ability to carry out its mandate,
               takes note of the AUPSC’s 8 February 2018 communique which states that signatories
               to the ACOH should be deprived of the means to continue fighting, and further
               expresses its intention to consider all measures, including an arms embargo, as
               appropriate, to deprive the parties of the means to continue fighting and to prevent
               violations of the ACOH;
                    4.    Commends the 18 October 2017 report by JMEC Chairperson Festus
               Mogae on the Status of Implementation of the Agreement for the period November
               2015 to September 2017, condemns the lack of progress in implementing key
               provisions of the Agreement, especially those related to the permanent ceasefire,
               underscores that without a ceasefire and a fully inclusive peace process the
               implementation of certain other provisions of the Agreement, including constitution -
               making and post-transition elections, should not take place, notes the importance of
               the full and effective participation of youth, women, diverse communities, f aith
               groups, and civil society in the peace process, and calls upon all parties to ensure
               women’s full and effective representation and leadership in all conflict resolution and
               peacebuilding efforts;
                    5.    Decides to extend the mandate of UNMISS until 15 March 2019;
                     6.    Decides to maintain the overall force levels of UNMISS with a troop
               ceiling of 17,000 troops, which includes a Regional Protection Force at levels to be
               set by the Secretary-General but not to exceed 4,000, and maintaining the police
               ceiling of 2,101 police personnel, including individual police officers, formed police
               units and 78 corrections officers, requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary
               steps to expedite force and asset generation, further takes note with interest of the

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           Secretary-General’s intention to conduct a military and police capability study, and
           expresses its readiness to consider making the necessary adjustments on this basis to
           UNMISS including its Regional Protection Force;
              7.   Decides that the mandate of UNMISS shall be as follows, and authorizes
           UNMISS to use all necessary means to perform the following tasks:
                (a)   Protection of civilians:
                (i) To protect civilians under threat of physical violence, irrespective of the
                source of such violence, within its capacity and areas of deployment, with
                specific protection for women and children, including through the continued use
                of the Mission’s Child Protection and Women Protection Advisers;
                (ii) To deter violence against civilians, including foreign nationals, especial ly
                through proactive deployment, active patrolling with particular attention to
                IDPs, including, but not limited to, those in protection sites and refugee camps,
                humanitarian personnel and human rights defenders, and identification of
                threats and attacks against civilians, including through regular interaction with
                civilians and working closely with humanitarian, human rights and development
                organizations, in areas at high risk of conflict including, as appropriate, schools,
                places of worship, hospitals, and the oil installations, in particular when the
                Government of the Republic of South Sudan is unable or failing to provide such
                security;
                (iii) To implement a mission-wide early warning strategy, including a
                coordinated approach to information gathering, monitoring, verification, early
                warning and dissemination, and response mechanisms, including response
                mechanisms to threats and attacks against civilians that may involve violations
                and abuses of human rights or violations of international humanitarian law, as
                well as to prepare for further potential attacks on United Nations personnel and
                facilities;
                (iv) To maintain public safety and security of and within UNMISS protection
                of civilians sites;
                (v) To deter and prevent sexual and gender-based violence within its capacity
                and areas of deployment, as highlighted in paragraph 41 of the Special Report
                of the Secretary-General of 10 November 2016 (S/2016/951);
                (vi) To exercise good offices, confidence-building, and facilitation in support
                of the mission’s protection strategy, especially in regard to women and children,
                including to facilitate the prevention, mitigation, and resolution of
                inter-communal conflict [through, inter alia, mediation] in order to foster
                sustainable local and national reconciliation as an essential part of preventing
                violence and long-term State-building activity;
                (vii) To foster a secure environment for the eventual safe, voluntary, and
                dignified, return of IDPs and refugees including through monitoring of, ensuring
                respect for human rights by, and where compatible and in strict compliance with
                the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP), coordination
                with police services, security and government institutions, and civil so ciety
                actors in relevant and protection-focused activities, such as sensitization to
                issues of sexual and gender-based violence and children and armed conflict as
                well as technical assistance or advice, within existing resources, on international
                humanitarian law, investigation and prosecution of sexual and gender-based
                violence and conflict-related sexual violence, as well as other serious human
                rights violations, in order to strengthen protection of civilians;

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                     (b) Creating the conditions conducive to the delivery of humanitarian
               assistance:
                    (i) To contribute, in close coordination with humanitarian actors, to the
                    creation of security conditions conducive to the delivery of humanitarian
                    assistance, so as to allow, the rapid, safe and unhindered access of relief
                    personnel to all those in need in South Sudan and timely delivery of
                    humanitarian assistance, in particular to IDPs and refugees, recalling the need
                    for compliance with the relevant provisions of international law and respect for
                    the UN guiding principles of humanitarian assistance, including humanity,
                    impartiality, neutrality, and independence;
                    (ii) To ensure the security and freedom of movement of United Nations and
                    associated personnel where appropriate, and to ensure the security of its
                    installations and equipment necessary for implementation of mandated tasks;
                    (c)   Monitoring, and investigating human rights:
                    (i) To monitor, investigate, verify, and report immediately, publicly, and
                    regularly on abuses and violations of human rights and violati ons of
                    international humanitarian law, including those that may amount to war crimes
                    or crimes against humanity;
                    (ii) To monitor, investigate, verify and report specifically and publicly on
                    violations and abuses committed against children and women, incl uding those
                    involving all forms of sexual and gender-based violence in armed conflict by
                    accelerating the implementation of monitoring, analysis and reporting
                    arrangements on conflict-related sexual violence and by strengthening the
                    monitoring and reporting mechanism for violations and abuses against children;
                    (iii) To monitor, investigate and report on incidents of hate speech and
                    incitement to violence in cooperation with the UN Special Adviser on the
                    Prevention of Genocide;
                    (iv) To coordinate with, share appropriate information with, and provide
                    technical support to international, regional, and national mechanisms engaged
                    in monitoring, investigating, and reporting violations of international
                    humanitarian law and human rights violations and abuses, incl uding those that
                    may amount to war crimes or crimes against humanity, as appropriate;
                    (d)   Supporting the Implementation of the Agreement and the Peace Process:
                    To carry out, within its capabilities, the following tasks in support of the
               implementation of the Agreement and peace process:
                    (i) Using good offices to support the peace process, in particular the High
                    Level Revitalization Forum for the Agreement;
                    (ii) Participating in and supporting the CTSAMM in implementation of its
                    ceasefire monitoring and verification mandate, including through facilitating
                    and supporting the CTSAMM in its implementation of monitoring and reporting
                    of violations and overall effectiveness in identifying those responsible for these
                    violations;
                    (iii) Actively participating in and supporting the work of the JMEC;
                     8.    Stresses that the peace process only remains viable with the full
               commitment by all parties, urges all the parties to participate in the peace process in
               good faith in order to reach the compromises necessary for the peace and stability of
               South Sudan, reminds the parties that UNMISS shall only undertake those tasks
               related to the peace process as described in paragraph 7 (d); and notes its intention to

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           keep the tasks and composition of UNMISS under active review, based on the possible
           outcomes of the High Level Revitalization Forum;
                9.    To advance in cooperation with the TGNU the safety and security of the
           people of South Sudan and to create an enabling environment for implementation of
           the Agreement, decides that UNMISS shall continue to include a Regional Protection
           Force (RPF), recalls that per 2304 (2016) the RPF has the responsibility of providing
           a secure environment in and around Juba and in other parts of South Sudan as
           necessary, and authorizes the RPF to use all necessary means, including undertaking
           robust action where necessary and actively patrolling, to accomplish the RPF
           mandate, to:
                (i) Facilitate the conditions for safe and free movement into, out of, and
                around Juba, including through protecting the means of ingress and egress from
                the city and major lines of communication and transport within Juba;
                (ii) Protect the airport to ensure the airport remains operational, and protect
                key facilities in Juba essential to the well-being of the people of Juba, as
                identified by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General;
                (iii) Promptly and effectively engage any actor that is credibl y found to be
                preparing attacks, or engages in attacks, against United Nations protection of
                civilians sites, other United Nations premises, United Nations personnel,
                international and national humanitarian actors, or civilians;
                  10. Affirms the critical importance of the ability of UNMISS to use all of its
           bases without restrictions in order to execute its mandate including, but not limited
           to, its base in Tomping and in this regard, calls on the Government of South Sudan to
           uphold its obligations to guarantee UNMISS unimpeded access to United Nations
           premises per the SOFA;
                11. Recalls its resolution 2086 (2013) and reaffirms the basic principles of
           peacekeeping, as set forth in Presidential Statement S/PRST/2015/22, including
           consent of the parties, impartiality, and non-use of force, except in self-defence and
           defence of the mandate, recognizes that the mandate of each peacekeeping mission is
           specific to the need and situation of the country concerned, and that the Security
           Council expects full delivery of the mandates it authorizes;
                 12. Emphasizes that protection of civilians must be given priority in decisions
           about the use of available capacity and resources within the mission, stresses that
           UNMISS’s mandate as set out in paragraphs 7 and 9 above includes authority to use
           all necessary means to protect United Nations personnel, installations and equipment
           to deter violence especially through proactive deployment and active patrolling
           including through regular interaction with civilians, to protect civilians from threats,
           regardless of source, to create conditions conducive to delivery of humanitarian
           assistance by international and national actors, and support implementation of the
           Agreement and peace process, and stresses that such actions include, but are not
           limited to, within UNMISS’s capacity and areas of deployment, defending protection
           of civilians sites, establishing areas around the sites that are not used for hostile
           purposes by any forces, including by extending weapons free zones to UNMISS
           protection of civilians sites where appropriate, addressing threats to the sites,
           searching individuals attempting to enter the sites, and seizing weapons from those
           inside or attempting to enter the sites, removing from and denying entry of armed
           actors to the protection of civilians sites, and welcomes in this regard the intention of
           the Secretary-General to conduct a military and police capability study, as expressed
           in paragraph 52 of (S/2018/143), noting the relevance of reviewing the current model
           for providing security to the POC sites;

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                     13. Requests and encourages the Special Representative of the Secretary-General to direct the operations of an integrated UNMISS and coordinate all activities
               of the United Nations system in the Republic of South Sudan, and to exercise his or
               her good offices to lead the UN system in South Sudan in assisting the JMEC, the
               AU, IGAD and other actors, as well as the parties, with implementation of the
               Agreement and to promote peace and reconciliation, underscores in this regard the
               critical role of CTSAMM as well as the importance of the support provided to it by
               UNMISS in delivering on its mandate, and reaffirms in this regard the critical role
               that the UN plays, in coordination with regional organizations and other actors, to
               advance political dialogue between parties and contribute to achieving an enduring
               cessation of hostilities and lead the parties to an inclusive peace process;
                     14. Requests UNMISS to take fully into account gender considerations as a
               crosscutting issue throughout its mandate, reaffirms the importance of appropriate
               gender expertise and training in all missions mandated by the Security Council, and
               further encourages Troop- and Police-contributing Countries to take measures to
               increase the deployment of women in the military, police, and civilian components of
               the Mission;
                      15. Requests UNMISS to continue to intensify its presence and active
               patrolling in areas of high risk of conflict, high concentrations of IDPs and refugees,
               including as guided by its early warning strategy, in all areas, and key routes for
               population movement, to extend its presence, including through proactive deployment
               and patrolling, to areas of displacement, return, resettlement, and reintegration, in
               order to foster a secure environment for the eventual safe and voluntary return of IDPs
               and refugees, and to conduct regular reviews of its geographic deployment to ensure
               that its forces are best placed to fulfil its mandate;
                     16. Recognizes that the effective implementation of UNMISS mandate is the
               responsibility of all stakeholders and is contingent upon several critical factors,
               including well defined, realistic, and achievable mandates; political will, leadership,
               performance and accountability at all levels; adequate resources; policy, planning and
               operational guidelines and training; further recognizes that measuring and monitoring
               peacekeeping performance should be based on comprehensive and objective
               methodologies based on clear and well defined benchmarks; in this regard, and
               welcomes the initiatives undertaken by the Secretary-General to standardize a culture
               of performance in UN peacekeeping that operationalizes the Operational Readiness
               Assurance Policy, and conduct mission performance reviews of uniformed and
               civilian personnel, leverages the Peacekeeping Capabilities and Readiness System
               (PCRS) to ensure performance data informs decisions regarding peacekeepers
               deployment, and calls on him to continue his efforts in this regard;
                     17. Recalls its Presidential Statement S/PRST/2015/22 and its resolution 2272
               (2016) and requests the Secretary-General to take all necessary measures to ensure
               full compliance of UNMISS with the United Nations zero tolerance policy on sexual
               exploitation and abuse and to ensure that all personnel of t he mission are vetted for
               history of sexual misconduct in the service with the United Nations and to keep it
               informed through his reports about UNMISS’s progress in this regard, and urges
               troop- and police-contributing countries to take appropriate preventative action
               including predeployment awareness training, and to promote full accountability in
               cases of such conduct involving their personnel;
                    18. Requests UNMISS to ensure that any support provided to non-United
               Nations security forces is provided in strict compliance with the HRDDP on United
               Nations Support to non-United Nations security forces;
                     19. Requests UNMISS to assist the Committee, within existing resources,
               established pursuant to paragraph 16 of resolution 2206 (2015) and the Panel of

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                                                                                S/RES/2406 (2018)

           Experts established by the same resolution, further urges all parties and Member
           States, as well as international, regional and subregional organizations to ensure
           cooperation with the Panel of Experts and further urges all Member States involved
           to ensure the safety of the members of the Panel of Experts and unhindered access, in
           particular to persons, documents and sites in order for the Panel of Experts to execute
           its mandate;
                 20. Condemns in the strongest terms attacks on and threats made to UNMISS
           personnel and United Nations facilities, as well as those of IGAD, stresses that such
           attacks may constitute violations of the SOFA and/or war crimes, demands that all
           parties respect the inviolability of United Nations premises and immediately desist
           and refrain from any violence against those gathered at United Nations facilities,
           reiterates that the TGNU is bound by the terms of the SOFA, and further demands
           the immediate and safe release of detained and kidnapped United Nations and
           associated personnel;
                 21. Condemns the clash that took place in Malakal in February 2016 and the
           fighting in Juba in July 2016, and urges the UN to continuously incorporate lessons
           learned to conduct reforms across UNMISS to better enable it to implement its
           mandate, in particular regarding the protection of civilians, and to improve UNMISS
           chain of command, increase the effectiveness of UNMISS operations, strengthen
           safety and security of personnel, and enhance UNMISS’ ability to manage complex
           situations;
                22. Reiterates its request that UNMISS continue to take measures, as
           appropriate, to ensure the security of its air operations in South Sudan and report
           thereon to the Council;
                  23. Condemns in the strongest terms attacks on and looting of humanitarian
           aid, including food and medicine, and premises, including hospitals and medical
           facilities and warehouses, and demands that all parties allow, in accordance with
           relevant provisions of international law and United Nations guiding principles of
           emergency humanitarian assistance, including humanity, impartiality, neutrality, and
           independence, the rapid, safe and unhindered access of relief personnel, equipment
           and supplies, and timely delivery of humanitarian assistance, to all those in need
           throughout South Sudan in particular to IDPs and refugees, stresses the obligation to
           respect and protect all medical personnel and humanitarian personnel exclusively
           engaged in medical duties, their means of transport and equipment, as well as
           hospitals and other medical facilities, stresses also that any returns or other durable
           solutions for IDPs or refugees must be undertaken on a voluntary and informed basis
           in conditions of dignity and safety, and notes that free dom of movement of civilians
           and their right to seek asylum should be respected;
                24. Further demands that all parties immediately cease all forms of violence,
           human rights violations and abuses, violations of international humanitarian law,
           including rape and other forms of sexual and gender-based violence, and hold
           perpetrators accountable, in order to break the prevailing cycle of impunity;
                 25. Condemns all violations of applicable international law, including
           international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of international human
           rights committed by all parties to the conflict, in particular against children, strongly
           urges all parties to the conflict to implement the actions called for in The Conclusions
           on Children and Armed Conflict in South Sudan adopted by the Security Council
           Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict on 8 May 2015, including the
           immediate release of all children in their ranks, welcomes the recent release of
           children by some groups, calls on all armed groups to swiftly release other children
           in their ranks, strongly urges the Government of South Sudan to fully and immediately
           implement all provisions to the recommitment agreement to the revised action plan

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               to end and prevent the recruitment and use of children in armed c onflict and other
               violations, signed with the UN on 24 June 2014, and further strongly urges the
               SPLA-IO to fully and immediately implement its action plan to end and prevent the
               recruitment and use of children and the killing and maiming of children signe d with
               the UN on 7 January 2016, and underlines the importance of the Government of South
               Sudan providing timely and appropriate reintegration and rehabilitation assistance to
               children affected by armed conflict, while ensuring that the specific needs of g irls as
               well as children with disabilities are addressed, including access to health care,
               psychosocial support, and education programmes that contribute to the well -being of
               children and to sustainable peace and security, and calls on the international
               community to assist these efforts;
                     26. Strongly urges the SPLA, SPLA-IO, and other armed groups to prevent
               further commission of sexual violence, urges the TGNU and the SPLA/IO to
               implement the joint and unilateral commitments and action plans they have mad e on
               preventing conflict-related sexual violence with focus on prevention, accountability,
               and enhancing assistance to victims, and strongly urges SPLA leadership to issue
               specific command orders regarding prevention of conflict -related sexual violence,
               and demands the TGNU show concrete steps to hold perpetrators within their ranks
               accountable for crimes of sexual violence;
                    27. Underscores that truth-seeking and reconciliation is essential for
               achieving peace in South Sudan and in this regard stresses that the Commission of
               Truth, Reconciliation and Healing, as stipulated in the Agreement, is a critical part of
               the peacebuilding process in South Sudan, to spearhead efforts to achieve national
               cohesion, promote peace, national reconciliation and healing;
                     28. Takes note of the steps taken by the African Union towards the setting up
               of the Hybrid Court for South Sudan as provided for under Chapter V of the
               Agreement, as well as the work done to date by the UN, welcomes the African Union’s
               formal invitation for the UN to provide technical assistance towards the setting up of
               the Hybrid Court for South Sudan, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to
               make available technical assistance to the Commission of the African Union and to
               the TGNU in setting up the Hybrid Court for South Sudan and for the implementation
               of other aspects of Chapter V of the Agreement, including with regard to the
               establishment of the Commission for Truth, Reconciliation, and Healing;
                     29. Takes note of the 8 February 2018 African Union Peace and Security
               Council communique and in this regard calls upon the Government of South Sudan
               to sign without further delay the Memorandum of Understanding with the African
               Union to establish the Hybrid Court for South Sudan, and further calls on the
               international community to extend support to establishing the Hybrid Court for South
               Sudan;
                    30. Further calls upon the Government of South Sudan to move forward
               expeditiously and transparently to complete the ongoing investigations of allegations
               of human rights violations and abuses in a manner consistent with its international
               obligations, and encourages it to release the reports of those investigations;
                     31. Further calls upon the Government of South Sudan, while taking note of
               paragraph 3.2.2 of Chapter V of the Agreement, to hold to account all those
               responsible for violations and abuses of human rights and violations of international
               humanitarian law, and to ensure that all victims of sexual violence have equal
               protection under the law and equal access to justice, and to safeguard equal respect
               for the rights of women and girls in these processes, and notes that implementing
               holistic transitional justice measures, including accountability, truth -seeking and
               reparations, are key to healing and reconciliation;

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           Reports
               32. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to report violations of the
           SOFA or obstructions to UNMISS on a monthly basis;
                 33. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on
           implementation of the UNMISS mandate and the obstructions UNMISS encounters
           in doing so in a same comprehensive written report to be submitted wi thin 90 days of
           the date of adoption of this resolution, every 90 days thereafter, and underscores that
           such reporting should include:
               • reporting on progress in implementing the HRDDP,
               • specific and detailed reporting on how UNMISS is working toward fulfilling its
                 protection of civilian duties, including but not limited to troop responsiveness
                 and performance and new patrol areas and proactive deployment,
               • the consideration of gender as cross cutting throughout the mandate,
               • the participation of women in peace processes,
               • the steps taken to enhance the safety and security of UN personnel,
               • the steps that have been taken to address performance concerns reflected in the
                 reviews outlined in paragraph 16,
               • strengthened reporting on human rights issues in South Sudan, and
               • recommendations on the steps to adapt UNMISS to the situation on the ground;
                 34. Requests the Secretary-General to report, through his regular 90-day
           reports, on the technical assistance provided consistent with paragrap h 28 above,
           invites the African Union to share information on progress made in the establishment
           of the Hybrid Court for South Sudan, with the Secretary-General to inform his report,
           and expresses the Security Council’s intention upon receipt of the Secretary-General’s reports to assess the work that has been done in the establishment of the
           Hybrid Court in line with international standards;
                35.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2406 (2018) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) until 15 Mar. 2019]

S/73 [216] UN MISSION IN SOUTH SUDAN
S/73 [223] SOUTH SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan.

UN Mission in South Sudan|Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (2015)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|INTERNAL SECURITY|SOUTH SUDAN


               United Nations                                                                      S/RES/2407 (2018)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                21 March 2018

               Resolution 2407 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8210th meeting, on
               21 March 2018

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous relevant resolutions, including resolutions 825 (1993),
               1540 (2004), 1695 (2006), 1718 (2006), 1874 (2009), 1887 (2009), 1928 (2010), 1985
               (2011), 2050 (2012), 2087 (2013), 2094 (2013), 2141 (2014), 2207 (2015), 2270
               (2016), 2276 (2016), 2321 (2016), 2345 (2017), 2356 (2017), 2371 (2017), 2375
               (2017), 2397 (2017), as well as the statements of its President of 6 October 2006
               (S/PRST/2006/41), 13 April 2009 (S/PRST/2009/7), 16 April 2012
               (S/PRST/2012/13), and 29 August 2017 (S/PRST/2017/16),
                     Recalling the creation, pursuant to paragraph 26 of resolution 1874 (2009), of a
               Panel of Experts, under the direction of the Committee, to carry out the tasks provided
               for by that paragraph,
                     Recalling the interim report by the Panel of Experts appointed by the Secretary -
               General pursuant to paragraph 26 of resolution 1874 (2009) and the 27 February 2017
               final report (S/2017/150) by the Panel,
                   Recalling the methodological standards for reports of sanctions monitoring
               mechanisms contained in the Report of the Informal Working Group of the Security
               Council on General Issues of Sanctions (S/2006/997),
                    Welcoming the efforts made by the Secretariat to expand and improve the roster
               of experts for the Security Council Subsidiary Organs Branch, bearing in mind the
               guidance provided by the Note of the President (S/2006/997),
                    Emphasizing, in that regard, the importance of credible, fact-based, independent
               assessments, analysis, and recommendations, in accordance with the mandate of the
               Panel of Experts, as specified in paragraph 26 of resolution 1874 (2009),
                     Determining that proliferation of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons, as
               well as their means of delivery, continues to constitute a threat to international peace
               and security,
                    Acting under Article 41 of Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.    Decides to extend until 24 April 2019 the mandate of the Panel of Experts,
               as specified in paragraph 26 of resolution 1874 (2009) and modified in paragraph 29
               of resolution 2094 (2013), decides that this mandate shall apply also with respect to
               the measures imposed in resolutions 2270 (2016), 2321 (2016), 2356 (2017),

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*1804423*

S/RES/2407 (2018)

               2371 (2017), 2375 (2017), and 2397 (2017), expresses its intent to review the mandate
               and take appropriate action regarding further extension no later than 24 Marc h 2019,
               and requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary administrative measures to
               this effect;
                     2.    Requests the Panel of Experts to provide to the Committee no later than
               3 August 2018 a midterm report on its work, as requested in paragraph 43 of
               resolution 2321 (2016), and further requests that, after a discussion with the
               Committee, the Panel of Experts submit to the Council its midterm report by
               7 September 2018, and requests also a final report to the Committee no later than
               1 February 2019 with its findings and recommendations, and further requests that,
               after a discussion with the Committee, the Panel of Experts submit to the Council its
               final report no later than 14 March 2019;
                    3.    Requests the Panel of Experts to provide to the Committee a planned
               program of work no later than thirty days after the Panel’s reappointment, encourages
               the Committee to engage in regular discussions about this program of work and to
               engage regularly with the Panel about its work, and further requests the Panel of
               Experts to provide to the Committee any updates to this program of work;
                    4.    Expresses its intent to continue to follow the work of the Panel;
                     5.     Urges all States, relevant United Nations bodies and other interested
               parties, to cooperate fully with the Committee established pursuant to resolution 1718
               (2006) and the Panel of Experts, in particular by supplying any information at their
               disposal on the implementation of the measures imposed by resolutions 1718 (2006),
               1874 (2009), 2087 (2013), 2094 (2013), 2270 (2016), 2321 (2016), 2356 (2017), 2371
               (2017), 2375 (2017), and 2397 (2017);
                    6.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

2/2                                                                                18-04423

Security Council resolution 2407 (2018) [on extension of the mandate of the Panel of Experts Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1874 (2009) concerning the Democratic People's Republic of Korea until 24 Apr. 2019]

S/73 [315] DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA--NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION
S/ X Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

UN. Panel of Experts Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1874 (2009)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|NUCLEAR WEAPON TESTS|DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA|SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE


               United Nations                                                                      S/RES/2408 (2018)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                27 March 2018

               Resolution 2408 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8215th meeting, on
               27 March 2018

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions and statements of its President on the situation
               in Somalia,
                    Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political
               independence, and unity of Somalia, and underscoring the importance of working to
               prevent destabilizing effects of regional crises and disputes from spilling over into
               Somalia,
                      Strongly condemning recent attacks by the terrorist group Al-Shabaab including
               the terrorist attack of 14 October 2017, which targeted civilians in Mogadishu killing
               in excess of 500 people, and the attacks of 23 February 2018, expressing serious
               concern at the ongoing threat posed by Al-Shabaab, as well as the presence of
               affiliates linked to Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da ’esh)
               and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, and reiterating its
               determination to support efforts, including through a comprehensive approach, to
               reduce the threat posed by Al-Shabaab in Somalia, in accordance with applicable
               international law, including international human rights law, international refugee law
               and international humanitarian law,
                    Paying tribute to the bravery and sacrifices made by the African Union Mission
               in Somalia (AMISOM) and Somali security forces in the fight against Al -Shabaab,
               commending AMISOM and the Somalia security forces for the provision of security
               and recognising that security provided by AMISOM remains critical at this stage,
                     Commending the role of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia
               (UNSOM) in supporting peace and reconciliation, conflict resolution, the state
               formation process, the electoral process, the National Security Architecture
               implementation, a realistic conditions-based transition plan (Transition Plan) with
               clear target dates, and the promotion and protection of human rights and compliance
               with international humanitarian law in Somalia,
                    Expressing its full support for the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of UNSOM, Michael Keating, and the Special Representative of
               the Chairperson of the African Union Commission for Somalia and the Head of
               AMISOM, Francisco Caetano José Madeira,

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                     Welcoming the progress made since the election of President Mohamed
               Abdullahi Mohamed Farmaajo on 8 February 2017, including the swift appointment
               of a Government, the increased representation of women in Parliament and
               Government, commitment to economic reforms including those needed to support
               re-engagement with the International Financial Institutions, formal approval of the
               drafting of a National Development Plan and the mobilisation of a coordination
               architecture to support its implementation, agreement on the National Security
               Architecture, development of a Transition Plan, and the political roadmap,
                     Underscoring the need to maintain momentum towards consolidating Somalia ’s
               federal system in this regard, welcoming the commitments of the Federal Government
               of Somalia to one person, one vote elections in 2020/2021, underscoring the
               importance of making progress on the political roadmap, agreement on revenue
               collection and resource sharing, the new policing model, the justice and correction
               model and formalising the status of the Federal Member States as soon as possible,
               and further welcoming the commitment of the Federal Government of Somalia and
               Federal Member States as set out in the 5 November 2017 consultative meeting to
               reach an agreement on outstanding constitutional issues in close consultation with the
               Parliament within six months,
                     Welcoming the commitment of the Federal Government of Somalia and the
               Federal Member States to pursue inclusive political dialogue to support the peacef ul
               resolution of disputes that threaten internal peace and security including the recent
               efforts in Gaalkacyo, Marka and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development
               (IGAD)-led reconciliation agreement between the Galmudug administration with
               Ahlu Sunna Wal Jama’a (ASWJ) that confirmed Dhusamareb as the administrative
               capital of Galmudug, and expressing concern over continuing tension between
               “Somaliland” and Puntland in Sool and Sanaag,
                     Underlining that a capable, accountable, acceptable and affordable security
               sector, with full respect for human rights and the rule of law, is a crucial part of long -
               term peace in Somalia, noting that progress in improving Somalia’s security needs to
               be accelerated and prioritized, and stressing the importance of stabilisation activities,
               development, and political and economic reforms to a comprehensive approach to
               security,
                     Welcoming in this regard agreement on the Somalia National Security
               Architecture endorsed by the National Security Council on 8 May 2017, the Secur ity
               Pact adopted by the Federal Government of Somalia, Federal Member States and all
               international partners attending the London Somalia Conference on 11 May 2017,
               consistent with the transition of the primary responsibility for security to the Somali
               Security Forces, and the renewed commitment of the Federal Government and Federal
               Member States at the Somalia Security Conference on 4 December 2017,
                    Welcoming the Federal Government of Somalia’s development of a Transition
               Plan with clear target dates, geographical priorities and the operational readiness
               assessment, with a view to conducting a conditions-based, gradual handover of
               security from AMISOM to the Somali Security Forces, including conducting joint
               operations with AMISOM in order to become the pri mary security provider in
               Somalia, and calling for its swift finalisation and implementation,
                    Welcoming the Federal Government of Somalia and the international
               community’s commitment to a Comprehensive Approach to Security (CAS) in
               Somalia, and recognizing the need for non-military approaches as part of this
               approach in order to achieve long-term human security for Somalis,
                    Welcoming the Federal Government of Somalia’s active engagement with the
               Universal Periodic Review process, encouraging full implementation of all accepted

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                                                                                S/RES/2408 (2018)

           recommendations, condemning the continued violations and abuses of human rights
           and violations of international humanitarian law in Somalia, and underscoring the
           need to end impunity, uphold and fulfil human rights and hold accountab le those
           responsible for crimes involving violations or abuses of human rights and violations
           of international humanitarian law,
                 Recognising that the year ahead should see the swift implementation of critical
           agreements reached in 2017, particularly the outcomes from the December High
           Level Meetings in Mogadishu which agreed a Mutual Accountability Framework
           setting out political, economic and security priorities for 2018, agreed to map a
           conditions-based transition with clear target dates and an implement ation plan for the
           national security architecture which together lay the political, development and
           economic milestones for the completion of the political roadmap, underscoring the
           importance of effective implementation and mutual accountability, and emphasising
           UNSOM’s central role to support implementation,
               Recalling the 10 December 2017 UN Protection of Civilians Report and the
           Conclusions on Children and Armed Conflict (S/AC.51/2017/2),
                 Expressing grave concern at the credible and continued risk of famine in
           Somalia as a result of the severe drought in the context of ongoing conflict and
           environmental factors, welcoming the Federal Government of Somalia’s response to
           the humanitarian crisis, and encouraging further cooperation with international and
           national humanitarian actors to relieve immediate need and build longer-term
           resilience, including for internally displaced persons,
                 Recalling its Presidential statement S/PRST/2011/15, recognising the adverse
           effects of climate change, ecological changes and natural disasters among other
           factors on the stability of Somalia, including through drought, desertification, land
           degradation, and food insecurity, and emphasising the need for adequate risk
           assessments and risk management strategies by governments and the United Nations
           relating to these factors;
                 Welcoming the generous support of donors to the Somali authorities and the
           Humanitarian Response Plan, encouraging further contributions to humanitarian
           assistance efforts, and welcoming United Nations’ efforts to coordinate the drought
           response and support the Somali authorities,

           UNSOM
                1.   Decides to extend until 31 March 2019 UNSOM’s mandate as set out in
           paragraph 1 of resolution 2158 (2014);
                 2.    Requests UNSOM to implement its mandate at both the national and
           regional level, including through strengthening further and maintaining its presence
           in all Federal Member States including in Galmudug and its administrative capital
           Dhusamareb, subject to United Nations security requirements and as the security
           situation allows, in order to provide strategic policy advice on the Somali
           Government-led inclusive political process, reconciliation, peacebuilding, state -
           building, including the review of the Provisional Federal Constitution, their
           preparations for the 2020/21 elections, security sector reform and implementation of
           the Transition Plan;
                3.     Underscores the importance of UNSOM’s support to the Somali-Government-led inclusive political process, including the provision of United Nations
           good offices functions to support the Federal Government of Somalia ’s peace and
           reconciliation process, in particular with regard to the consolidation of the state
           formation, mediation, prevention and resolution of conflicts, and constitutional
           review processes, resource and revenue sharing, improved accountability of Somali

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               institutions especially on anti-corruption issues, strengthening the rule of law,
               including the development of an effective federal political system, and a federal
               justice system, and implementation of the new policing model in line with the
               Comprehensive Approach to Security;
                     4.    Further underscores the importance of UNSOM’s support to the Federal
               Government of Somalia on preparations for the delivery of an inclusive, credible and
               transparent one person, one vote elections in 2020/2021 with a focus on the National
               Independent Electoral Commission (NIEC) at national and sub-national level to fulfil
               its constitutional mandate, in line with the Somali-led Operational Strategic Plan for
               2017–2021, the goal of nationwide voter registration by 2019, and coordination of
               international electoral support to Somalia;
                     5.    Encourages UNSOM to enhance its interaction with Somali civil society
               at national and regional level, including women, youth including through the Youth
               Council and the Youth Caucus, business and religious leaders, and to help ensure that
               the views of civil society are incorporated into the various Somali -led, inclusive
               political processes;
                     6.    Requests UNSOM to provide strategic advice to accelerate
               implementation of the Comprehensive Approach to Security, including facilitating
               more effective coordination of international partners’ efforts to support the Security
               Pact, priorities of the Transition Plan, National Security Architecture implementation
               and the New Partnership for Somalia;
                     7.    Requests UNSOM, in coordination with international partners, to continue
               to support the Federal Government of Somalia’s efforts to implement Somalia’s
               National Strategy and Action Plan for Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism
               in order to strengthen Somalia’s capacity to prevent and counter terrorism, consistent
               with its international obligations, relevant Security Council resolutions and
               implement the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy;
                    8.  Requests UNSOM to support system-wide implementation of the Human
               Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) across all United Nations support to
               AMISOM and the Somali security sector;
                    9.    Welcomes the strong relationship between UNSOM, UNSOS the United
               Nations Country Team and AMISOM, and underlines the importance of all entities
               continuing to strengthen the relationship further at all levels, including through the
               Senior Leadership Coordination Forum;
                     10. Requests UNSOM to continue to implement its mandate in an integrated
               manner, and welcomes the Secretary-General’s efforts to strengthen strategic
               integration and decision-making across the UN system within respective mandates,
               including with consideration of the role of women and youth;

               Somalia
                     11. Welcomes the commitment of the Federal Government of Somalia, in
               accordance with the rule of law, to continue to make progress on inclusive transparent
               and accountable state-building and federalism through the next phase of the
               constitutional review process, including allocation of powers, resource and revenue
               sharing, the development of a political system, and Federal Justice and Corrections
               Model signed on 24 January 2018, further welcomes the commitment of the Federal
               Government of Somalia and the Federal Member States to work closely together
               through the National Security Council mechanism, and with the Parliament on these
               issues, building on the existing work on the constitutional review, and encourages
               dialogue with civil society and the Somali public, including the integration of women
               and youth in this regard;

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                                                                                S/RES/2408 (2018)

                12. Emphasises the importance of reconciliation, including inter and intra -clan
           reconciliation, across the country as the basis of a long-term approach to stability, and
           urges the Federal Government of Somalia and the Federal Member States to pursue
           reconciliation talks at local, regional and national level, including a resumption of the
           dialogue with “Somaliland”;
                 13. Welcomes the commitments of the Federal Government of Somalia to one
           person, one vote elections in 2020/2021, the launch of the National Independent
           Electoral Commission strategic plan and the commitment to develop and approve an
           electoral law setting out the legislative framework by the end of 2018, recalls
           PRST/2017/3 in which the Security Council called for active steps to lay the
           foundation for elections in four years, and stresses the importance in this regard of
           the Federal Government of Somalia and Federal Me mber States reaching agreement
           on the system of representation, decisions on voter registration, institutional
           development of the NIEC and development and adoption of the Electoral law in 2018;
                 14. Reaffirms the important role of women and youth in the prevention and
           resolution of conflicts, and in peacebuilding, stresses the importance of their full,
           equal and effective participation in all efforts for the maintenance and promotion of
           peace and security, notes that women are not adequately represented in governmental
           organisations at regional and national level and urges the Federal Government of
           Somalia and Federal Member States to continue to promote increased representation
           of women at all decision-making levels in Somali institutions;
                 15. Welcomes the Federal Government of Somalia and the Federal Member
           States’ commitment to security sector reform, in particular the historic political
           agreement Somalia’s leaders reached on 16 April 2017 to integrate regional and
           federal forces into a coherent National Security Architecture capable of gradually
           taking on lead responsibility for providing inclusive security, welcomes the
           integration of Puntland security forces into the Somali National Army, the
           establishment and meetings of the National Security Council a nd National Security
           Office, the completion of the national operational readiness assessment, as an
           essential element for the right-sizing and reform of the Somali Security Forces, and
           the commitment to undertake regional operational readiness assessments as soon as
           possible;
                 16. Welcomes the development of a realistic conditions-based Transition Plan
           with clear target dates agreed by the Federal Government of Somalia, Federal Member
           States and international partners and formalised on 4 December 2017 at th e Security
           Conference in Mogadishu;
                 17. Underlines the importance of swift implementation of the National
           Security Architecture in order to develop Somali-led security institutions and forces,
           both military and civilian, that are capable, affordable, acce ptable and accountable
           with the ability to provide security and protection to the people of Somalia, in
           particular to deliver effective security and protection for women, children and persons
           in vulnerable situations, as part of a comprehensive approach to security, and
           emphasises the vital importance of the rule of law and civilian oversight of security
           forces complying with international humanitarian law and human rights law as
           applicable, in particular with respect to ending and preventing recruitment,
           re-recruitment and the use of children in armed conflict;
                 18. Welcomes the launch of Somalia’s National Strategy and Action Plan for
           Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism, the development of Federal Member
           States action plans, and calls upon Somalia to become party to the international
           counter-terrorism conventions and protocols;

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S/RES/2408 (2018)

                     19. Welcomes commitments by international partners to provide additional and
               more effective support, including more standardised and more coordinated delivery
               of mentoring, training, equipment, capacity-building, and remuneration of police and
               military forces consistent with the Security Pact agreed at the London Somalia
               Conference and in line with a realistic conditions-based transition plan with clear
               target dates;
                    20. Calls on international partners to strengthen coordination in order to
               harmonise donor support to the Somali security sector, and requests UNSOM to
               continue to assist the Federal Government of Somalia in coordinating international
               donor support to Somalia’s security sector in compliance with HRDDP, including
               through coordination and advice to the comprehensive approach to security structure;
                     21. Welcomes the progress made by the Federal Government of Somalia to
               meet the requirements of the ongoing IMF Staff Monitored Programme, encourages
               the Federal Government of Somalia to continue to fulfil its commitments to sound,
               transparent and accountable financial management including revenue mobilisation,
               resource allocation, budget execution, and anti-corruption measures, as set out in the
               New Partnership for Somalia, and requests UNSOM to continue to work with partners
               to provide support and strategic policy advice to achieve this in order to lay the
               foundations for inclusive and transparent elections, bolster the G overnment’s ability
               to deliver services, attract investment, and help advance Somalia along the path
               towards normalisation with International Financial Institutions and debt relief;
                    22. Expresses concern about all violations of international humanitarian law
               and violations and abuses of human rights including by Al-Shabaab and affiliates
               linked to the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da ’esh) and
               associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, calls on all parties to
               comply immediately with their obligations under international law and to fulfil their
               obligations under international humanitarian law to take all feasible precautions to
               avoid or, in any event minimise civilian deaths and casualties;
                     23. Welcomes the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission,
               and encourages the Federal Government of Somalia to approve the appointment of
               the Commissioners, and implement fully the Action Plan of its Human Rights
               Roadmap, including by implementing legislation aimed at protecting human rights
               and investigating and prosecuting perpetrators of crimes involving violations or
               abuses of human rights, violations of international humanitarian law, and conflict -
               related sexual and gender-based violence;
                     24. Underlines the importance of respect for international humanitarian law
               and the protection of civilians, especially women and children, by all parties to the
               conflict in Somalia;
                     25. Reiterates its continued concern at the high number of refugees and
               internally displaced persons (IDPs), including persons newly displaced by the
               drought, expressing its serious concern at the ongoing forced evictions of IDPs in
               Somalia, stresses that any eviction should be consistent with relevant national and
               international frameworks, calls upon the Federal Government of Somalia and all
               relevant actors to strive to provide concrete durable solutions for internal
               displacement, and further calls upon the Federal Government of Somalia and all
               relevant actors to strive to create the conditions conducive to the voluntary, safe,
               dignified and sustainable return of refugees and IDPs with the support of the
               international community;
                     26. Expresses grave concern at the worsening humanitarian crisis and renewed
               risk of famine in Somalia and its impact on the people of Somalia, commends the
               efforts of the United Nations humanitarian agencies and their humanitarian partners

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           in preventing famine in 2017, encourages all partners and donors to maintain
           humanitarian efforts in 2018, condemns any misuse or obstruction of humanitarian
           assistance, reiterates its demand that all parties allow and facilitate full, safe, rapid
           and unhindered access for the timely delivery of aid to persons in need across Somalia
           in line with the humanitarian principles, including by dismantling illegal checkpoints
           and removing administrative hurdles, underlines the importance of proper accounting
           in international humanitarian support, and encourages national disaster management
           agencies in Somalia to scale-up capacity with support from the United Nations to take
           a stronger coordination and leadership role;
                 27. Strongly condemns all violations and abuses committed against children in
           armed conflict in Somalia, calls upon the Federal Government of Somalia to
           implement fully the Convention of the Rights of the Child 1989, and the Action Plans
           signed in 2012, the recently adopted Somali National Army Command Order on the
           Protection of Children’s Rights before, during and after operations and the Standard
           Operation Procedures on the handover of children, and underscores the need to
           strengthen the legal and operational framework for the protection of children,
           including by ratification of or accession to its Optional Protocols to the Convention
           on the Rights of the Child 1989;
                28. Requests the Secretary-General to keep the Security Council regularly
           informed on the implementation of this resolution, identify and report on progress
           towards achieving key political benchmarks, including through oral updates and no
           fewer than three written reports, with the first written report by 1 May 2018 and every
           120 days thereafter;
                29.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2408 (2018) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) until 31 Mar. 2019]

S/73 [84] SOMALIA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Somalia.

UN Assistance Mission in Somalia|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|HUMAN RIGHTS|SECURITY SECTOR REFORM|SOMALIA|SOMALIA SITUATION