               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/1635 (2005)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                28 October 2005

               Resolution 1635 (2005)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5296th meeting, on
               28 October 2005

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolutions and the statements by its President on the Democratic
               Republic of the Congo, in particular resolutions 1565 of 1 October 2004, 1592 of
               30 March 2005, 1596 of 18 April 2005 and 1621 of 6 September 2005 and 1628 of
               30 September 2005, and the statement of 4 October 2005 (S/PRST/2005/46),
                     Reaffirming its commitment to respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity
               and political independence of the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as of
               all States in the region, and its support for the process of the Global and All
               Inclusive Agreement on the Transition in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
               signed in Pretoria on 17 December 2002,
                     Underlining the importance of elections as the foundation for the longer term
               restoration of peace and stability, national reconciliation and establishment of the
               rule of law in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
                    Paying tribute to the donor community for the assistance they provide to the
               Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in particular to the electoral process, and
               encouraging them to maintain it,
                     Welcoming the interest and commitment shown by the Congolese authorities to
               promote good governance and transparent economic management, and urging all the
               components of the Government of National Unity and Transition to strengthen their
               efforts in continuing to build consensus in this regard,
                     Reiterating its serious concern regarding the continuation of hostilities by
               militias and foreign armed groups in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of
               the Congo, and at the threat they pose to the holding of elections in the Democratic
               Republic of the Congo,
                     Deploring the violations of human rights and international humanitarian law
               carried out by these militias and groups and stressing the urgent need for those
               responsible for these crimes to be brought to justice,
                      Recognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the
               illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of

05-57742 (E)
*0557742*

S/RES/1635 (2005)

               the factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa,
               and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
                    Taking note of the nineteenth report of the Secretary-General on the United
               Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC),
               dated 26 September 2005 (S/2005/603), and of its recommendations,
                    Noting that the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo continues to
               constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                    1.    Decides to extend the mandate of MONUC until 30 September 2006;
                     2.   Having taken note of the recommendations described in paragraphs 27 to
               29 of the report of the Secretary-General, authorizes an increase of 300 personnel in
               the military strength of MONUC to allow for the deployment of an infantry
               battalion in Katanga, with enabling assets including its own air mobility and
               appropriate medical support, to provide additional security within its area of
               operations during the electoral period;
                     3.    Underlines the temporary character of the increase referred to in the
               previous paragraph, and requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary steps
               with a view to downsizing or repatriating this additional strength from 1 July 2006
               at the latest, and to report to the Council before 1 June 2006 on the assessment to be
               made for that purpose;
                     4.   Calls on the Transitional institutions and on all Congolese parties to
               ensure that free, fair and peaceful elections take place, and that the timetable for
               polls developed by the Independent Electoral Commission is scrupulously respected,
               and underlines in this regard that it is the responsibility of the Congolese authorities
               to adopt the necessary legislation without further delay;
                     5.    Calls on the Government of National Unity and Transition to carry out
               reform of the security sector, through the expeditious integration of the Armed
               Forces and of the National Police of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in
               particular by ensuring adequate payment and logistical support for their personnel;
                     6.  Calls on the donor community, as a matter of urgency, to continue to
               engage firmly in the provision of assistance needed for the integration, training and
               equipping of the Armed Forces and of the National Police of the Democratic
               Republic of the Congo, and urges the Government of National Unity and Transition
               to promote all possible means to facilitate and expedite cooperation to this end;
                     7.   Requests MONUC, within its capacity and mandate, and in consultation
               with international financial institutions and donors, to continue to provide advice
               and assistance as well as the necessary support, to the effective follow-up to the
               meeting on 21 September 2005 between the Espace présidentiel and the
               International Committee in Support of the Transition, to strengthen support for good
               governance and transparent economic management;
                     8.   Welcomes the action taken by MONUC in investigating and dealing with
               instances of sexual exploitation and abuse and its efforts to put in place preventive
               measures, requests the Secretary-General to continue to take the necessary measures
               to achieve actual compliance in MONUC with the United Nations zero-tolerance
               policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to keep the Council informed, and urges

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                                                                                S/RES/1635 (2005)

troop-contributing countries to take appropriate preventive action, including
predeployment awareness training, and other action to ensure full accountability in
cases of such conduct involving their personnel;
     9.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

                                                                                3

Security Council resolution 1635 (2005) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)]

UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo. Government of National Unity and Transition|Democratic Republic of the Congo. Commission électorale nationale indépendente|Democratic Republic of the Congo. Forces armées|Global and All-Inclusive Agreement on the Transition in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2002)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|ELECTIONS|INTERIM GOVERNMENTS|DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO|DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SITUATION|MILITARY PERSONNEL|ELECTION LAW|ARMED FORCES|POLICE|SALARIES AND ALLOWANCES|LOGISTICS|DONOR COUNTRIES|MILITARY DEMOBILIZATION|SOCIAL INTEGRATION|TRAINING PROGRAMMES|CONSULTATIONS|INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS|GOVERNANCE|MANAGEMENT|CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION|SEX CRIMES|CODES OF CONDUCT|TROOP-CONTRIBUTING STATES|CRIME PREVENTION|TRAINING PROGRAMMES


            United Nations                                                                       S/RES/1636 (2005)
            Security Council                                                    Distr.: General
                                                                                31 October 2005

            Resolution 1636 (2005)
            Adopted by the Security Council at its 5297th meeting, on
            31 October 2005

                 The Security Council,
                  Reaffirming all its previous relevant resolutions, in particular
            resolutions 1595 (2005) of 7 April 2005, 1373 (2001) of 28 September 2001, and
            1566 (2004) of 8 October 2004,
                  Reiterating its call for the strict respect of the sovereignty, territorial integrity,
            unity and political independence of Lebanon under the sole and exclusive authority
            of the Government of Lebanon,
                 Reaffirming that terrorism in all its forms and manifestations constitutes one of
            the most serious threats to peace and security,
                  Having examined carefully the report of the international independent
            investigation Commission (S/2005/662) (“the Commission”) concerning its
            investigation into the 14 February 2005 terrorist bombing in Beirut, Lebanon, that
            killed former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri and 22 others, and caused injury
            to dozens of people,
                  Commending the Commission for the outstanding professional work it has
            accomplished under difficult circumstances in assisting the Lebanese authorities in
            their investigation of all aspects of this terrorist act, and taking note of the
            Commission’s conclusion that the investigation is not yet complete,
                 Commending States which have provided assistance to the Commission in the
            discharge of its duties,
                 Commending also the Lebanese authorities for the full cooperation they have
            provided to the Commission in the discharge of its duties, in accordance with
            paragraph 3 of resolution 1595 (2005),
                  Recalling that pursuant to its relevant resolutions, all States are required to
            afford one another the greatest measure of assistance in connection with criminal
            investigations or criminal proceedings relating to terrorist acts, and recalling in
            particular that it had requested in its resolution 1595 (2005) all States and all parties
            to cooperate fully with the Commission,

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*0557961*

S/RES/1636 (2005)

                     Taking note of the Commission’s findings that although the inquiry has already
               made considerable progress and achieved significant results, it is of the utmost
               importance to continue the trail both within and outside Lebanon in order to
               elucidate fully all aspects of this terrorist act, and in particular to identify and hold
               accountable all those who bear responsibility in its planning, sponsoring,
               organization and perpetration,
                     Mindful of the demand of the Lebanese people that all those responsible for the
               terrorist bombing that killed former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri and
               others be identified and held accountable,
                     Acknowledging in this connection the letter of the Prime Minister of Lebanon
               to the Secretary-General of 13 October 2005 (S/2005/651) requesting that the
               mandate of the Commission be extended to enable the Commission to continue to
               assist the competent Lebanese authorities in any further investigation of the various
               dimensions of the terrorist crime,
                     Acknowledging also the concurrent recommendation of the Commission that
               continued international assistance is needed to help the Lebanese authorities get
               right to the bottom of this terrorist act, and that a sustained effort on the part of the
               international community to establish an assistance and cooperation platform
               together with the Lebanese authorities in the field of security and justice is essential,
                    Willing to continue to assist Lebanon in the search for the truth and in holding
               those responsible for this terrorist act accountable for their crime,
                    Calling upon all States to extend to the Lebanese authorities and to the
               Commission the assistance they may need and request in connection with the
               inquiry, and in particular to provide them with all relevant information they may
               possess pertaining to this terrorist attack,
                     Reaffirming its profound commitment to the national unity and stability of
               Lebanon, emphasizing that the future of Lebanon should be decided through
               peaceful means by the Lebanese themselves, free of intimidation and foreign
               interference, and warning in this regard that attempts to undermine the stability of
               Lebanon will not be tolerated,
                    Taking note of the Commission’s conclusions that, given the infiltration of
               Lebanese institutions and society by the Syrian and Lebanese intelligence services
               working in tandem, it would be difficult to envisage a scenario whereby such a
               complex assassination plot could have been carried out without their knowledge,
               and that there is probable cause to believe that the decision to assassinate former
               Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri could not have been taken without the approval of topranked Syrian security officials,
                      Mindful of the Commission’s conclusion that while the Syrian authorities, after
               initial hesitation, have cooperated to a limited degree with the Commission, several
               Syrian officials have tried to mislead the investigation by giving false or inaccurate
               statements,
                    Convinced that it is unacceptable in principle that anyone anywhere should
               escape accountability for an act of terrorism for any reason, including because of his
               own obstruction of the investigation or failure to cooperate in good faith,

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                                                                                S/RES/1636 (2005)

      Determining that this terrorist act and its implications constitute a threat to
international peace and security,
      Emphasizing the importance of peace and stability in the region, and the need
for peaceful solutions,
     Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                                        == I ==
     1.    Welcomes the report of the Commission;
     2.    Takes note with extreme concern of the Commission’s conclusion that,
there is converging evidence pointing at the involvement of both Lebanese and
Syrian officials in this terrorist act, and that it is difficult to envisage a scenario
whereby such complex assassination could have been carried out without their
knowledge;
      3.    Decides as a step to assist in the investigation of this crime and without
prejudice to the ultimate judicial determination of the guilt or innocence of any
individual;
      (a) that all individuals designated by the Commission or the Government of
Lebanon as suspected of involvement in the planning, sponsoring, organizing or
perpetrating of this terrorist act, upon notification of such designation to and
agreement of the Committee established in subparagraph (b) below, shall be subject
to the following measures:
   – All States shall take the measures necessary to prevent entry into or transit
     through their territories of such individuals, provided that nothing in this
     paragraph shall obligate a state to refuse entry into its territory to its own
     nationals, or, if such individuals are found within their territory, shall ensure in
     accordance with applicable law that they are available for interview by the
     Commission if it so requests;
   – All States shall: freeze all funds, financial assets and economic resources that
     are on their territories that are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by
     such individuals, or that are held by entities owned or controlled, directly or
     indirectly, by such individuals or by persons acting on their behalf or at their
     direction; ensure that no funds, financial assets or economic resources are
     made available by their nationals or by any persons within their territories to
     or for the benefit of such individuals or entities; and cooperate fully in
     accordance with applicable law with any international investigations related to
     the assets or financial transactions of such individuals, entities or persons
     acting on their behalf, including through sharing of financial information;
     (b) to establish, in accordance with rule 28 of its provisional rules of
procedure, a Committee of the Security Council consisting of all the members of the
Council to undertake the tasks described in the annex to this resolution;
      (c) that the Committee and any measures still in force under
subparagraph (a) will terminate when the Committee reports to the Security Council
that all investigative and judicial proceedings relating to this terrorist attack have
been completed, unless otherwise decided by the Security Council;

                                                                                3

S/RES/1636 (2005)

                     4.   Determines that the involvement of any State in this terrorist act would
               constitute a serious violation by that State of its obligations to work to prevent and
               refrain from supporting terrorism, in accordance in particular with
               resolutions 1373 (2001) and 1566 (2004) and that it would amount also to a serious
               violation of its obligation to respect the sovereignty and political independence of
               Lebanon;
                     5.   Takes note with extreme concern also of the Commission’s conclusion
               that, while the Syrian authorities have cooperated in form but not in substance with
               the Commission, several Syrian officials tried to mislead the Commission by giving
               false or inaccurate information, and determines that Syria’s continued lack of
               cooperation to the inquiry would constitute a serious violation of its obligations
               under relevant resolutions, including 1373 (2001), 1566 (2004) and 1595 (2005);
                      6.  Takes note of the recent statement by Syria regarding its intention now to
               cooperate with the Commission and expects the Syrian Government to implement in
               full the commitments it is now making;
                                                       == II ==
                     7.    Acknowledges that continued assistance from the Commission to
               Lebanon, as requested by its Government in its letter to the Secretary-General of
               13 October 2005 and recommended by the Commission in its report, remains
               necessary to elucidate fully all aspects of this heinous crime, thus enabling that all
               those involved in the planning, sponsoring, organizing and perpetrating of this
               terrorist act, as well as their accomplices, be identified and brought to justice;
                    8.   Welcomes in this regard the decision of the Secretary-General to extend
               the mandate of the Commission until 15 December 2005, as authorized by the
               Security Council in its resolution 1595 (2005), and decides that it will extend the
               mandate further if recommended by the Commission and requested by the Lebanese
               Government;
                     9.    Commends the Lebanese authorities for the courageous decisions they
               have already taken in relation to the inquiry, including upon recommendation of the
               Commission, in particular the arrest and indictment of former Lebanese security
               officials suspected of involvement in this terrorist act, and encourages the Lebanese
               authorities to persist in their efforts with the same determination in order to get right
               to the bottom of this crime;
                                                      == III ==
                    10. Endorses the Commission’s conclusion that it is incumbent upon the
               Syrian authorities to clarify a considerable part of the questions which remain
               unresolved;
                    11.   Decides in this context that:
                    (a) Syria must detain those Syrian officials or individuals whom the
               Commission considers as suspected of involvement in the planning, sponsoring,
               organizing or perpetrating of this terrorist act, and make them fully available to the
               Commission;
                     (b) the Commission shall have vis-à-vis Syria the same rights and authorities
               as mentioned in paragraph 3 of resolution 1595 (2005), and Syria must cooperate
               with the Commission fully and unconditionally on that basis;

4

                                                                                S/RES/1636 (2005)

     (c) the Commission shall have the authority to determine the location and
modalities for interview of Syrian officials and individuals it deems relevant to the
inquiry;
      12. Insists that Syria not interfere in Lebanese domestic affairs, either
directly or indirectly, refrain from any attempt aimed at destabilizing Lebanon, and
respect scrupulously the sovereignty, territorial integrity, unity and political
independence of this country;
                                     == IV ==
      13. Requests the Commission to report to the Council on the progress of the
inquiry by 15 December 2005, including on the cooperation received by the
Commission from the Syrian authorities, or anytime before that date if the
Commission deems that such cooperation does not meet the requirements of this
resolution, so that the Council, if necessary, could consider further action;
      14. Expresses its readiness to consider any additional request for assistance
from the Lebanese Government to ensure that all those responsible for this crime are
held accountable;
     15.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

                                                                                5

S/RES/1636 (2005)

Annex
                    The following are the functions of the Committee established pursuant to
               paragraph 3 of this resolution:
               1.    To register as subject to the measures in paragraph 3 (a) in this resolution an
               individual designated by the Commission or the Government of Lebanon, provided
               that within two working days of receipt of such designation no member of the
               Committee objects, in which case the Committee shall meet within fifteen days to
               determine the applicability of the measures in paragraph 3 (a).
               2.   To approve exceptions to the measures established in paragraph 3 (a) on a
               case-by-case basis:
                     (i) with respect to the travel restrictions, where the Committee determines
               that such travel is justified on the ground of humanitarian need, including religious
               obligation, or where the Committee concludes that an exemption would otherwise
               further the objectives of this resolution;
                    (ii) with respect to the freezing of funds and other economic resources,
               where the Committee determines that such exceptions are necessary for basic
               expenses, including payments for foodstuffs, rent or mortgage, medicines and
               medical treatment, taxes, insurance premiums, and public utility charges, or
               exclusively for payment of reasonable professional fees and reimbursement of
               incurred expenses associated with the provision of legal services, or fees or service
               charges for routine holding or maintenance of frozen funds or other financial assets
               or economic resources;
               3.    To register the removal of an individual from the scope of the measures in
               paragraph 3 (a) upon notification from the Commission or the Government of
               Lebanon that the individual is no longer suspected of involvement in this terrorist
               act, provided that within two working days of receipt of such designation no
               member of the Committee objects, in which case the Committee shall meet within
               fifteen days to determine the removal of an individual from the scope of the
               measures in paragraph 3 (a).
               4.  To inform all Member States as to which individuals are subject to the
               measures in paragraph 3 (a).

6

Security Council resolution 1636 (2005) [on the investigation of terrorist bombings in Lebanon]

S/60 [54] MIDDLE EAST SITUATION
S/60 [58] LEBANON--SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC

Hariri, Rafiq Baha, 1944-2005|Lebanon. Prime Minister|UN International Independent Investigation Commission in Lebanon|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1636 (2005)|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1636 (2005) > Terms of reference|UN. Security Council > Resolutions and decisions|UN International Independent Investigation Commission in Lebanon > Terms of reference|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|BOMBINGS|COMMISSIONS OF INQUIRY|BEIRUT (LEBANON)|LEBANON|CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION|LEBANON|SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC|SANCTIONS|TERRORISM|ASSASSINATION|TRANSIT|FROZEN ASSETS|JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS|INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS|SOVEREIGNTY|JUDICIAL ASSISTANCE|CRIMINAL JUSTICE|SECURITY AND SAFETY STAFF|DETENTION|REPORT PREPARATION


              United Nations                                                                   S/RES/1637 (2005)**
              Security Council                                                      Distr.: General
                                                                                11 November 2005

              Resolution 1637 (2005)
              Adopted by the Security Council at its 5300th meeting,
              on 8 November 2005

                      The Security Council,
                    Welcoming the beginning of a new phase in Iraq’s transition and looking
              forward to the completion of the political transition process as well as to the day
              Iraqi forces assume full responsibility for the maintenance of security and stability
              in their country, thus allowing the completion of the multinational force mandate,
                      Recalling all of its previous relevant resolutions on Iraq,
                      Reaffirming the independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of
              Iraq,
                    Reaffirming also the right of the Iraqi people freely to determine their own
              political future and control their own natural resources,
                   Welcoming the commitment of the Transitional Government of Iraq to work
              towards a federal, democratic, pluralistic, and unified Iraq, in which there is full
              respect for political and human rights,
                   Calling upon the international community, particularly countries in the region
              and Iraq’s neighbours, to support the Iraqi people in their pursuit of peace, stability,
              security, democracy, and prosperity, and noting the contribution that the successful
              implementation of this resolution will bring to regional stability,
                    Welcoming the assumption of full governmental authority by the Interim
              Government of Iraq on 28 June 2004, the direct democratic elections of the
              Transitional National Assembly on 30 January 2005, the drafting of a new
              constitution for Iraq and the recent approval of the draft constitution by the people
              of Iraq on 15 October 2005,
                    Noting that the Government of Iraq established as a result of the election
              scheduled to take place by 15 December 2005 will play a critical role in continuing
              to promote national dialogue and reconciliation and in shaping the democratic future
              of Iraq and reaffirming the willingness of the international community to work
              closely with the Government of Iraq with respect to efforts to assist the Iraqi people,

           ** Second reissue for technical reasons.

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*0559277*

S/RES/1637 (2005)

                     Calling upon those who use violence in an attempt to subvert the political
               process to lay down their arms and participate in the political process, including in
               the election scheduled for 15 December, and encouraging the Government of Iraq to
               engage with all those who renounce violence and to promote a political atmosphere
               conducive to national reconciliation and political competition through peaceful
               democratic means,
                     Reaffirming that acts of terrorism must not be allowed to disrupt Iraq’s
               political and economic transition, and further reaffirming the obligations of Member
               States under resolution 1618 (2005) of 4 August 2005 and other relevant resolutions
               and international obligations with respect, inter alia, to terrorist activities in and
               from Iraq or against its citizens,
                     Recognizing the request conveyed in the letter of 27 October 2005 from the
               Prime Minister of Iraq to the President of the Council, which is annexed to this
               resolution, to retain the presence of the multinational force in Iraq, and further
               recognizing the importance of consent of the sovereign Government of Iraq for the
               presence of the multinational force and of close coordination between the
               multinational force and that government,
                     Welcoming the willingness of the multinational force to continue efforts to
               contribute to the maintenance of security and stability in Iraq, including
               participating in the provision of humanitarian and reconstruction assistance, as
               described in the letter of 29 October 2005 from the United States Secretary of State
               to the President of the Council, which is annexed to this resolution,
                     Recognizing the tasks and arrangements set out in the letters annexed to
               resolution 1546 (2004) of 8 June 2004 and the cooperative implementation by the
               Government of Iraq and the multinational force of those arrangements,
                     Affirming the importance for all forces promoting the maintenance of security
               and stability in Iraq to act in accordance with international law, including
               obligations under international humanitarian law, and to cooperate with relevant
               international organizations, and welcoming their commitments in this regard,
                     Recalling the establishment of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq
               (UNAMI) on 14 August 2003, underlining the particular importance of UNAMI
               assistance for the upcoming election by 15 December 2005 of a government
               pursuant to a newly adopted Constitution, and affirming that the United Nations
               should continue to play a leading role in assisting the Iraqi people and government
               with further political and economic development, including advising and supporting
               the Government of Iraq, as well as the Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq,
               contributing to coordination and delivery of reconstruction, development and
               humanitarian assistance, and promoting the protection of human rights, national
               reconciliation, as well as judicial and legal reform in order to strengthen the rule of
               law in Iraq,
                     Recognizing that international support for security and stability is essential to
               the well-being of the people of Iraq as well as the ability of all concerned, including
               the United Nations, to carry out their work on behalf of the people of Iraq, and
               expressing appreciation for Member State contributions in this regard under
               resolution 1483 (2003) of 22 May 2003, resolution 1511 (2003) of 16 October 2003
               and resolution 1546 (2004),

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                                                                                S/RES/1637 (2005)

                 Recognizing that the Government of Iraq will continue to have the primary
           role in coordinating international assistance to Iraq and reaffirming the importance
           of international assistance and development of the Iraqi economy and the
           importance of coordinated donor assistance,
                 Recognizing the significant role of the Development Fund for Iraq and the
           International Advisory and Monitoring Board in helping the Government of Iraq to
           ensure that Iraq’s resources are being used transparently and equitably for the
           benefit of the people of Iraq,
                 Determining that the situation in Iraq continues to constitute a threat to
           international peace and security,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                 1.    Notes that the presence of the multinational force in Iraq is at the request
           of the Government of Iraq and, having regard to the letters annexed to this
           resolution, reaffirms the authorization for the multinational force as set forth in
           resolution 1546 (2004) and decides to extend the mandate of the multinational force
           as set forth in that resolution until 31 December 2006;
                 2.   Decides further that the mandate for the multinational force shall be
           reviewed at the request of the Government of Iraq or no later than 15 June 2006, and
           declares that it will terminate this mandate earlier if requested by the Government
           of Iraq;
                3.    Decides to extend until 31 December 2006 the arrangements established
           in paragraph 20 of resolution 1483 (2003) for the depositing into the Development
           Fund for Iraq of proceeds from export sales of petroleum, petroleum products, and
           natural gas and the arrangements referred to in paragraph 12 of resolution 1483
           (2003) and paragraph 24 of resolution 1546 (2004) for the monitoring of the
           Development Fund for Iraq by the International Advisory and Monitoring Board;
                 4.    Decides further that the provisions in the above paragraph for the deposit
           of proceeds into the Development Fund for Iraq and for the role of the International
           Advisory and Monitoring Board shall be reviewed at the request of the Government
           of Iraq or no later than 15 June 2006;
              5.   Requests that the Secretary-General continue to report to the Council on
           UNAMI’s operations in Iraq on a quarterly basis;
                6.    Requests that the United States, on behalf of the multinational force,
           continue to report to the Council on the efforts and progress of this force on a
           quarterly basis;
                7.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

05-59277                                                                                3

S/RES/1637 (2005)

Annex I
               Letter dated 27 October 2005 from the Prime Minister
               of Iraq addressed to the President of the Security Council
                                                                                [Original: Arabic]

               Sir,
                     On 15 October 2005 Iraq voted in a general referendum held at the national
               level for the purpose of approving a new Constitution for Iraq. The country thus
               took another important step towards building a strong democratic future and
               establishing a Government elected in accordance with a permanent Constitution. At
               the same time, Iraq is approaching the completion of its political transformation
               through the process of electing its future legislative authority and forming a new
               Government, which is to take place in December 2005. There still remains an
               extensive agenda for reconstruction and political development, the realization of
               which will require security and stability.
                     We are proceeding towards political stability and economic prosperity and
               taking fundamental steps towards restoring security and stability. Yet Iraq is still
               confronted by forces of terrorism that incorporate foreign elements which carry out
               horrific attacks and terrorist acts in an attempt to thwart political and economic
               development in Iraq. The Iraqi security forces, which are growing in size, capacity
               and experience day by day, need more time to fill out their ranks, fully equip
               themselves and complete their training with a view to assuming responsibility for all
               security matters and providing adequate security for the Iraqi people. Until such
               time as the Iraqi security forces assume full responsibility for Iraq’s security, we
               need the continued support of the international community, including the
               participation of the Multinational Force, in order to establish lasting peace and
               security in Iraq. We understand that the Multinational Force is willing to continue its
               efforts. We therefore request the Security Council to extend, for a period of 12
               months starting 31 December 2005, the mandate of the Multinational Force, as
               provided in Council resolution 1546 (2004), including the tasks and arrangements
               specified in the letters annexed thereto, with the proviso that the Council shall
               review that mandate upon being so requested by the Government of Iraq or at the
               end of a period of eight months from the date of the resolution and declare, in the
               extension, that it will terminate the mandate before the expiry of that period should
               the Government of Iraq so request.
                     The Government of Iraq believes that the provisions of resolution 1546 (2004)
               relating to the deposit of proceeds into the Development Fund for Iraq and the role
               of the International Advisory and Monitoring Board will help to ensure that Iraq’s
               natural resources are used for the benefit of the Iraqi people. We understand that the
               funds deposited in the Development Fund for Iraq belong to Iraq and will continue
               to enjoy the immunities and privileges of the Fund, given the importance of those
               terms for the Iraqi people during this critical period. We request the Security
               Council to extend the validity of those terms for an additional 12 months and to
               review them upon being so requested by the Government of Iraq or at the end of a
               period of eight months from the date of the resolution.
                   The Iraqi people are determined to establish for themselves a stable, peaceful
               democracy, which will provide the basis for the establishment of a vibrant economy.

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                                                                                S/RES/1637 (2005)

           This vision of Iraq’s future can become a reality with the help of the international
           community.
                It is my understanding that the sponsors intend to have the present letter
           annexed to the resolution on Iraq currently being drafted. In the meantime, I should
           be grateful if you would have copies of this letter circulated to the members of the
           Security Council as soon as possible.

                                                       (Signed) Ibrahim Aleshaiker Al-Jaafari
                                                                               Prime Minister
                                                                              27 October 2005

05-59277                                                                                5

S/RES/1637 (2005)

Annex II
               Letter dated 29 October 2005 from the Secretary of State
               of the United States of America to the President of the
               Security Council

                     Having reviewed the request of the Government of Iraq to extend the mandate
               of the Multinational Force (MNF) in Iraq (S/2005/687) and following consultations
               with the Government of Iraq, I am writing to confirm, consistent with this request,
               that the MNF under unified command stands ready to continue to fulfil its mandate
               as set out in Security Council resolution 1546 (2004).
                     Since the end of the occupation on 28 June 2004, the Government of Iraq and
               the MNF have developed an effective and cooperative security partnership to
               address the evolving nature of Iraq’s security environment, including the continuing
               need to prevent and deter acts of terrorism. This partnership plays a critical role in
               the daily efforts to improve security throughout Iraq. In the context of this
               partnership, the MNF is prepared to continue to undertake a broad range of tasks to
               contribute to the maintenance of security and stability and to ensure force
               protection, acting under the authorities set forth in resolution 1546 (2004), including
               the tasks and arrangements set out in the letters annexed thereto, and in close
               cooperation with the Government of Iraq. The forces that make up the MNF will
               remain committed to acting consistently with their obligations under international
               law, including the law of armed conflict.
                     Substantial progress has already been made in helping to build and train the
               Iraqi Security Forces (ISF), allowing them to take on increasing security
               responsibilities. The Government of Iraq and the MNF are developing a security
               plan to set forth the conditions necessary for transfer of security responsibility from
               the MNF to the ISF. Conditions permitting, we look forward to notable progress in
               the next year. Together, we will build towards the day when the Iraqi forces assume
               full responsibility for the maintenance of security and stability in Iraq.
                    The co-sponsors intend to annex the present letter to the resolution on Iraq
               under consideration. In the meantime, I request that you provide copies of the
               present letter to members of the Council as quickly as possible.

                                                                          (Signed) Condoleezza Rice

6                                                                                05-59277

Security Council resolution 1637 (2005) [on extension of the mandate of the Multinational Force in Iraq]

Multinational Force in Iraq|Development Fund for Iraq|Development Fund for Iraq. International Advisory and Monitoring Board|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|PETROLEUM REVENUES|IRAQ|IRAQ SITUATION|SANCTIONS|FUNDS|PERIODIC REPORTS|REPORT PREPARATION|UNITED STATES


               United Nations                                                                S/RES/1638 (2005)
               Security Council                                              Distr.: General
                                                                             11 November 2005

               Resolution 1638 (2005)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5304th meeting,
               on 11 November 2005

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions and the statements of its President
               concerning Liberia, Sierra Leone, and West Africa,
                     Affirming its commitment to the sovereignty, political independence and
               territorial integrity of Liberia,
                    Expressing its appreciation to Nigeria and its President, Olusegun Obasanjo,
               for their contributions to restoring stability in Liberia and the West African
               subregion, and acknowledging that Nigeria acted with broad international support
               when it decided to provide for the temporary stay of former President Charles
               Taylor in Nigeria,
                    Stressing that former President Taylor remains under indictment by the Special
               Court for Sierra Leone and determining that his return to Liberia would constitute
               an impediment to stability and a threat to the peace of Liberia and to international
               peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                    1.   Decides that the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Liberia
               (UNMIL) shall include the following additional element: to apprehend and detain
               former President Charles Taylor in the event of a return to Liberia and to transfer
               him or facilitate his transfer to Sierra Leone for prosecution before the Special
               Court for Sierra Leone and to keep the Liberian Government, the Sierra Leonean
               Government and the Council fully informed;
                    2.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

05-60030 (E)
*0560030*

Security Council resolution 1638 (2005) [on additional element to the mandate of the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)]

S/60 [89] LIBERIA SITUATION
S/60 [90] UN MISSION IN LIBERIA

Taylor, Charles Ghankay|UN Mission in Liberia > Terms of reference|Liberia. President|Special Court for Sierra Leone|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|LIBERIA|CRIMINAL COURTS|SIERRA LEONE|DETENTION|PROSECUTION|LIBERIA SITUATION|WAR CRIMES|INFORMATION EXCHANGE


               United Nations                                                                 S/RES/1639 (2005)
               Security Council                                               Distr.: General
                                                                              21 November 2005

               Resolution 1639 (2005)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5307th meeting, on
               21 November 2005

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling all its previous relevant resolutions concerning the conflicts in the
               former Yugoslavia and relevant statements of its President, including resolutions
               1031 (1995) of 15 December 1995, 1088 (1996) of 12 December 1996, 1423 (2002)
               of 12 July 2002, 1491 (2003) of 11 July 2003, 1551 (2004) of 9 July 2004 and 1575
               (2004) of 22 November 2004,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to the political settlement of the conflicts in the
               former Yugoslavia, preserving the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all States
               there within their internationally recognized borders,
                    Emphasizing its full support for the High Representative’s continued role in
               Bosnia and Herzegovina,
                     Underlining its commitment to support the implementation of the General
               Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Annexes
               thereto (collectively the Peace Agreement, S/1995/999, annex), as well as the
               relevant decisions of the Peace Implementation Council (PIC),
                     Recalling all the agreements concerning the status of forces referred to in
               Appendix B to Annex 1-A of the Peace Agreement, and reminding the parties of
               their obligation to continue to comply therewith,
                    Further recalling the provisions of its resolution 1551 (2004) concerning the
               provisional application of the status of forces agreements contained in Appendix B
               to Annex 1-A of the Peace Agreement,
                    Emphasizing its appreciation to the High Representative, the Commander and
               personnel of the multinational stabilization force (EUFOR), the Senior Military
               Representative and personnel of the NATO Headquarters Sarajevo, the Organization
               for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the European Union (EU) and the
               personnel of other international organizations and agencies in Bosnia and
               Herzegovina for their contributions to the implementation of the Peace Agreement,
                     Emphasizing that a comprehensive and coordinated return of refugees and
               displaced persons throughout the region continues to be crucial to lasting peace,

05-61329 (E)
*0561329*

S/RES/1639 (2005)

                    Recalling the declarations of the Ministerial meetings of the Peace
               Implementation Conference,
                     Recognizing that full implementation of the Peace Agreement is not yet
               complete, while paying tribute to the achievements of the authorities at State and
               entity level in Bosnia and Herzegovina and of the international community in the
               ten years since the signing of the Peace Agreement,
                     Emphasizing the importance of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s progress towards
               Euro-Atlantic integration on the basis of the Peace Agreement, while recognizing
               the importance of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s transition to a functional, reformoriented, modern and democratic European country,
                    Noting the reports of the High Representative, including his latest report of
               14 October 2005 (S/2005/698, annex),
                     Determined to promote the peaceful resolution of the conflicts in accordance
               with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,
                    Recalling the relevant principles contained in the Convention on the Safety of
               United Nations and Associated Personnel adopted on 9 December 1994 and the
               statement of its President on 10 February 2000 (S/PRST/2000/4),
                    Welcoming and encouraging efforts by the United Nations to sensitize
               peacekeeping personnel in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS and other
               communicable diseases in all its peacekeeping operations,
                    Taking note of the conclusions of EU Foreign Ministers at their meeting of
               13 June, which refer to the requirement for EUFOR to remain in Bosnia and
               Herzegovina beyond 2005, and confirm the EU’s intention to take the steps
               necessary to that end,
                    Recalling the letters between the European Union and NATO sent to the
               Security Council on 19 November 2004 on how those organizations will cooperate
               together in Bosnia and Herzegovina in which both organizations recognize that the
               EUFOR will have the main peace stabilization role under the military aspects of the
               Peace Agreement (S/2004/916; S/2004/915),
                     Further recalling the confirmation by the Presidency of Bosnia and
               Herzegovina, on behalf of Bosnia and Herzegovina, including its constituent
               entities, of the arrangements for EUFOR and the NATO Headquarters presence
               (S/2004/917),
                    Welcoming the European Union’s increased engagement in Bosnia and
               Herzegovina and the continued engagement of NATO,
                     Further welcoming tangible signs of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s progress
               towards the European Union, and, in particular, the decision by the EU to open
               negotiations with Bosnia and Herzegovina on a Stabilization and Association
               Agreement, and calling on the authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina to implement
               in full their undertakings, including on police reform, as part of that process,
                     Determining that the situation in the region continues to constitute a threat to
               international peace and security,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

2

                                                                                S/RES/1639 (2005)

     1.   Reaffirms once again its support for the Peace Agreement, as well as for
the Dayton Paris Agreement on implementing the Federation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina of 10 November 1995 (S/1995/1021, annex) and calls upon the parties
to comply strictly with their obligations under those Agreements;
      2.    Reiterates that the primary responsibility for the further successful
implementation of the Peace Agreement lies with the authorities in Bosnia and
Herzegovina themselves and that the continued willingness of the international
community and major donors to assume the political, military and economic burden
of implementation and reconstruction efforts will be determined by the compliance
and active participation by all the authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina in
implementing the Peace Agreement and rebuilding a civil society, in particular in
full cooperation with the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, in
strengthening joint institutions, which foster the building of a fully functioning selfsustaining State, able to integrate itself into the European structures and in
facilitating returns of refugees and displaced persons;
     3.    Reminds the parties once again that, in accordance with the Peace
Agreement, they have committed themselves to cooperate fully with all entities
involved in the implementation of this peace settlement, as described in the Peace
Agreement, or which are otherwise authorized by the Security Council, including
the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, as it carries out its
responsibilities for dispensing justice impartially, and underlines that full
cooperation by States and entities with the International Tribunal includes, inter alia,
the surrender for trial or apprehension of all persons indicted by the Tribunal and
provision of information to assist in Tribunal investigations;
      4.    Emphasizes its full support for the continued role of the High
Representative in monitoring the implementation of the Peace Agreement and
giving guidance to and coordinating the activities of the civilian organizations and
agencies involved in assisting the parties to implement the Peace Agreement, and
reaffirms that under Annex 10 of the Peace Agreement the High Representative is
the final authority in theatre regarding the interpretation of civilian implementation
of the Peace Agreement and that in case of dispute he may give his interpretation
and make recommendations, and make binding decisions as he judges necessary on
issues as elaborated by the Peace Implementation Council in Bonn on 9 and
10 December 1997;
     5.    Expresses its support for the declarations of the Ministerial meetings of
the Peace Implementation Conference;
     6.    Reaffirms its intention to keep implementation of the Peace Agreement
and the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina under close review, taking into account
the reports submitted pursuant to paragraphs 18 and 21 below, and any
recommendations those reports might include, and its readiness to consider the
imposition of measures if any party fails significantly to meet its obligations under
the Peace Agreement;
      7.   Recalls the support of the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the
EU force and the continued NATO presence and their confirmation that both are the
legal successors to SFOR for the fulfilment of their missions for the purposes of the
Peace Agreement, its Annexes and Appendices and relevant United Nations Security
Council resolutions and can take such actions as are required, including the use of

                                                                                3

S/RES/1639 (2005)

               force, to ensure compliance with Annexes 1-A and 2 of the Peace Agreement and
               relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions;
                     8.   Pays tribute to those Member States which participated in the
               multinational stabilization force (EUFOR), and in the continued NATO presence,
               established in accordance with its resolution 1575 (2004), and welcomes their
               willingness to assist the Parties to the Peace Agreement by continuing to deploy a
               multinational stabilization force (EUFOR) and by maintaining a continued NATO
               presence;
                    9.   Welcomes the EU’s intention to maintain an EU military operation to
               Bosnia and Herzegovina from November 2005;
                    10. Authorizes the Member States acting through or in cooperation with the
               EU to establish for a further period of 12 months, starting from the date of the
               adoption of this resolution, a multinational stabilization force (EUFOR) as a legal
               successor to SFOR under unified command and control, which will fulfil its
               missions in relation to the implementation of Annex 1-A and Annex 2 of the Peace
               Agreement in cooperation with the NATO Headquarters presence in accordance with
               the arrangements agreed between NATO and the EU as communicated to the
               Security Council in their letters of 19 November 2004, which recognize that the
               EUFOR will have the main peace stabilization role under the military aspects of the
               Peace Agreement;
                     11. Welcomes the decision of NATO to continue to maintain a presence in
               Bosnia and Herzegovina in the form of a NATO Headquarters in order to continue to
               assist in implementing the Peace Agreement in conjunction with EUFOR and
               authorizes the Member States acting through or in cooperation with NATO to
               continue to maintain a NATO Headquarters as a legal successor to SFOR under
               unified command and control, which will fulfil its missions in relation to the
               implementation of Annex 1-A and Annex 2 of the Peace Agreement in cooperation
               with EUFOR in accordance with the arrangements agreed between NATO and the
               EU as communicated to the Security Council in their letters of 19 November 2004,
               which recognize that EUFOR will have the main peace stabilization role under the
               military aspects of the Peace Agreement;
                     12. Reaffirms that the Peace Agreement and the provisions of its previous
               relevant resolutions shall apply to and in respect of both EUFOR and the NATO
               presence as they have applied to and in respect of SFOR and that therefore
               references in the Peace Agreement, in particular in Annex 1-A and its appendices,
               and relevant resolutions to IFOR and/or SFOR, NATO and the NAC shall be read as
               applying, as appropriate, to the NATO presence, EUFOR, the European Union and
               the Political and Security Committee and Council of the European Union
               respectively;
                    13. Expresses its intention to consider the terms of further authorization as
               necessary in the light of developments in the implementation of the Peace
               Agreement and the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina;
                     14. Authorizes the Member States acting under paragraphs 10 and 11 above
               to take all necessary measures to effect the implementation of and to ensure
               compliance with Annexes 1-A and 2 of the Peace Agreement, stresses that the
               parties shall continue to be held equally responsible for the compliance with that
               Annex and shall be equally subject to such enforcement action by EUFOR and the

4

                                                                                S/RES/1639 (2005)

NATO presence as may be necessary to ensure implementation of those Annexes
and the protection of EUFOR and the NATO presence;
      15. Authorizes Member States to take all necessary measures, at the request
of either EUFOR or the NATO Headquarters, in defence of the EUFOR or NATO
presence respectively, and to assist both organizations in carrying out their missions,
and recognizes the right of both EUFOR and the NATO presence to take all
necessary measures to defend themselves from attack or threat of attack;
      16. Authorizes the Member States acting under paragraphs 10 and 11 above,
in accordance with Annex 1-A of the Peace Agreement, to take all necessary
measures to ensure compliance with the rules and procedures governing command
and control of airspace over Bosnia and Herzegovina with respect to all civilian and
military air traffic;
     17. Demands that the parties respect the security and freedom of movement
of EUFOR, the NATO presence, and other international personnel;
     18. Requests the Member States acting through or in cooperation with the EU
and the Member States acting through or in cooperation with NATO to report to the
Council on the activity of EUFOR and NATO Headquarters presence respectively,
through the appropriate channels and at least at three-monthly intervals;
      19. Invites all States, in particular those in the region, to continue to provide
appropriate support and facilities, including transit facilities, for the Member States
acting under paragraphs 10 and 11 above;
     20. Reiterates its appreciation for the deployment by the EU of its Police
Mission (EUPM) to Bosnia and Herzegovina since 1 January 2003;
     21. Also requests the Secretary-General to continue to submit to the Council
reports from the High Representative, in accordance with Annex 10 of the Peace
Agreement and the conclusions of the Peace Implementation Conference held in
London on 4 and 5 December 1996 (S/1996/1012), and later Peace Implementation
Conferences, on the implementation of the Peace Agreement and in particular on
compliance by the parties with their commitments under that Agreement;
     22.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

                                                                                5

Security Council resolution 1639 (2005) [on the establishment of a multinational stabilization force (EUFOR) as a legal successor to SFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina under unified command and control]

S/60 [60] FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SITUATION
S/60 [62] BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SITUATION
S/60 [64] STABILIZATION FORCE

International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991|High Representative for the Implementation of the Peace Agreement on Bosnia and Herzegovina|EUFOR|NATO|Stabilization Force|UN. Security Council > Resolutions and decisions|European Union|UN. General Assembly. 1st Committee|Council of the European Union|EU Police Mission|Peace Implementation Conference (1997 : Bonn, Germany)|Peace Implementation Conference. Ministerial Meeting|Peace Implementation Conference (1996 : London)|General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACE TREATIES|INTERNAL SECURITY|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|AIRSPACE|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SITUATION|INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS|DONOR COUNTRIES|CIVIL SOCIETY|FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SITUATION|REPATRIATION|REFUGEES FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA|DISPLACED PERSONS|TRIALS|AIR TRANSPORT|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT|COOPERATION BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONS|PERIODIC REPORTS|TRANSIT COUNTRIES|POLICE|REPORT PREPARATION


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/1640 (2005)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                23 November 2005

               Resolution 1640 (2005)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5308th meeting,
               on 23 November 2005

                    The Security Council,
                     Reaffirming all its previous resolutions and statements pertaining to the
               situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, and the requirements contained therein,
               including in particular resolution 1622 (2005) of 13 September 2005 and the
               statement of its President of 4 October 2005,
                     Expressing once again its grave concern at the decision of the Government of
               Eritrea of 4 October 2005 to restrict all types of United Nations Mission in Ethiopia
               and Eritrea helicopter flights within Eritrean airspace or coming to Eritrea, effective
               as of 5 October 2005, and the additional restrictions on UNMEE’s freedom of
               movement imposed since then, which have serious implications for UNMEE’s
               ability to carry out its mandate and for the safety of its staff, and the forces of the
               troop contributors,
                     Alarmed by the implications and potential impact of the aforementioned
               decision made and restrictions imposed by the Government of Eritrea with regard to
               the maintenance of peace and security between Eritrea and Ethiopia, and the
               principles governing United Nations Peacekeeping Operations,
                     Reaffirming the integrity of the Temporary Security Zone (TSZ) as provided in
               the Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities of 18 June 2000 (S/2000/601) and
               recalling the objectives behind its establishment,
                     Stressing that lasting peace between Ethiopia and Eritrea as well as in the
               region cannot be achieved without the full demarcation of the border between the
               parties,
                    Expressing its grave concern at the Ethiopian Government’s failure, to date, to
               accept without preconditions the implementation of the final and binding decision of
               the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (S/2002/423),
                    Expressing its appreciation to Ambassador Kenzo Oshima for his visit to
               Ethiopia and Eritrea from 6 to 9 November 2005, in his capacity as Chairman of the
               Working Group on Peacekeeping Operations, taking note of his report (S/2005/723)
               and welcoming the observations made therein,

05-61655 (E)
*0561655*

S/RES/1640 (2005)

                     Noting with deep concern the high concentration of troops on both sides of the
               TSZ and stressing that the continuation of the situation would constitute a threat to
               international peace and security,
                     1.   Deeply deplores Eritrea’s continued imposition of restrictions on the
               freedom of movement of UNMEE and demands that the Government of Eritrea
               reverse, without further delay or preconditions, its decision to ban UNMEE
               helicopter flights, as well as additional restrictions imposed on the operations of
               UNMEE, and provide UNMEE with the access, assistance, support and protection
               required for the performance of its duties;
                     2.    Calls on both parties to show maximum restraint and to refrain from any
               threat or use of force against each other and demands that both parties return to the
               16 December 2004 levels of deployment, beginning with immediate effect and
               completing this redeployment within 30 days, in order to prevent aggravation of the
               situation;
                     3.   Requests the Secretary-General to monitor the parties’ compliance with
               the demands in paragraphs 1 and 2 above and to report to the Council 40 days after
               the adoption of this resolution;
                     4.     Expresses its determination to consider further appropriate measures,
               including under Article 41 of the Charter of the United Nations, if one or both of the
               parties fail to comply with the demands in paragraphs 1 and 2 above;
                    5.   Demands that Ethiopia accept fully and without further delay the final
               and binding decision of the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission and take
               immediately concrete steps to enable, without preconditions, the Commission to
               demarcate the border completely and promptly and expresses its determination to
               monitor closely the actions of both parties in relation to the demarcation of the
               border and to keep this matter under consideration;
                     6.    Expresses its deep appreciation for the contribution and dedication of the
               troop-contributing countries to the work of UNMEE and, in light of the risk of
               further deterioration of the situation, appeals to them to persevere in maintaining
               their presence and contribution to the activities of UNMEE, despite the immense
               difficulties which they are facing;
                    7.     Calls upon both parties to work, without preconditions, to break the
               current stalemate through diplomatic efforts;
                    8.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

2

Security Council resolution 1640 (2005) [on situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia]

S/60 [152] ERITREA--ETHIOPIA
S/60 [153] UN MISSION IN ETHIOPIA AND ERITREA

UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea|Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission > Resolutions and decisions|Charter of the United Nations (1945)|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|AIRSPACE|BOUNDARIES|ERITREA|ETHIOPIA|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT|AIR TRANSPORT|SANCTIONS|TROOP-CONTRIBUTING STATES|DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS


               United Nations                                                                 S/RES/1641 (2005)
               Security Council                                               Distr.: General
                                                                              30 November 2005

               Resolution 1641 (2005)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5311th meeting,
               on 30 November 2005

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling its relevant resolutions on Burundi and in particular resolution 1545
               of 21 May 2004,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and unity of Burundi, and recalling the importance of the principles of
               good-neighbourliness, non-interference and cooperation in the relations between
               States in the region,
                    Noting that factors of instability remain in Burundi, which continue to
               constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                   1.    Decides to extend the mandate of the United Nations Operation in
               Burundi (ONUB) until 15 January 2006;
                    2.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

05-62350 (E)
*0562350*

Security Council resolution 1641 (2005) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Operation in Burundi (ONUB)]

UN Operation in Burundi|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|BURUNDI|BURUNDI SITUATION


            United Nations                                                                  S/RES/1642 (2005)
            Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                            14 December 2005

            Resolution 1642 (2005)
            Adopted by the Security Council at its 5324th meeting, on
            14 December 2005

                 The Security Council,
                 Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General of 29 November 2005
            (S/2005/743) on the United Nations operation in Cyprus,
                  Reiterating its call to the parties to assess and address the humanitarian issue
            of missing persons with due urgency and seriousness, and welcoming in this regard
            the resumption of the activities of the Committee on Missing Persons since August
            2004, as well as the Secretary-General’s intention to appoint a Third Member as of
            January 2006 and to reinforce his office,
                 Noting that the Government of Cyprus is agreed that in view of the prevailing
            conditions in the island it is necessary to keep UNFICYP beyond 15 December
            2005,
                  Taking note of the assessment of the Secretary-General that the security
            situation on the island continues to be stable and that the situation along the Green
            Line remains calm, welcoming in this context the further decrease in the overall
            number of incidents involving the two sides, while noting nonetheless that there
            were incidents of significant concern,
                  Urging both sides to avoid any action which could lead to an increase in
            tension and taking note with concern, in this context, of the conduct, for the first
            time since 2001, of the “Nikiforos” military exercise, and, afterwards, the “Toros”
            military exercise,
                Regretting that progress towards a political solution has been negligible at best
            and urging both sides to work towards the resumption of negotiations for a
            comprehensive settlement,
                Welcoming the Secretary-General’s continuous engagement in the search for a
            comprehensive settlement of the Cyprus problem,
                 Welcoming all demining activity in the buffer zone, including the agreement to
            begin the clearing of Turkish Forces minefields in Nicosia and surrounding areas
            within the buffer zone,

05-64262 (E) 141205
*0564262*

S/RES/1642 (2005)

                     Expressing concern that, since the release of the Secretary-General’s report,
               differences have arisen over construction activity related to the proposed additional
               crossing point at Ledra Street and urging both sides to cooperate with UNFICYP to
               resolve this issue,
                     Welcoming the Secretary-General’s intention to keep the operations of
               UNFICYP under close review continuing to take into account developments on the
               ground and the views of the parties, and to revert to the Council with
               recommendations as appropriate for further adjustments to UNFICYP’s mandate,
               force levels and concept of operation as soon as warranted,
                    Welcoming the fact that over nine million crossings by Greek Cypriots to the
               north and Turkish Cypriots to the south have taken place, and encouraging the
               opening of additional crossing points,
                     Welcoming all efforts to promote bicommunal contacts and events, including,
               inter alia, on the part of the United Nations, and urging the two sides to promote
               further bicommunal contacts and to remove any obstacles to such contacts,
                    Echoing the Secretary-General’s gratitude to the Government of Cyprus and
               the Government of Greece for their voluntary contributions to the funding of
               UNFICYP, and his request for further voluntary contributions from other countries
               and organizations,
                    Welcoming and encouraging efforts by the United Nations to sensitize
               peacekeeping personnel in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS and other
               communicable diseases in all its peacekeeping operations,
                    1.   Reaffirms all its relevant resolutions on Cyprus, in particular resolution
               1251 (1999) of 29 June 1999 and subsequent resolutions;
                   2.    Expresses its full support for UNFICYP and decides to extend its
               mandate for a further period ending 15 June 2006;
                    3.     Calls on the Turkish Cypriot side and Turkish forces to restore in
               Strovilia the military status quo which existed there prior to 30 June 2000;
                     4.    Requests the Secretary-General to submit a report on implementation of
               this resolution by 1 June 2006;
                    5.    Welcomes the efforts being undertaken by UNFICYP to implement the
               Secretary-General’s zero tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to
               ensure full compliance of its personnel with the United Nations code of conduct,
               requests the Secretary-General to continue to take all necessary action in this regard
               and to keep the Security Council informed, and urges troop-contributing countries to
               take appropriate preventive action including the conduct of pre-deployment
               awareness training, and to take disciplinary action and other action to ensure full
               accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel;
                    6.    Decides to remain seized of the matter.

2

Security Council resolution 1642 (2005) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)]

S/60 [43] UN PEACEKEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS
S/60 [42] CYPRUS QUESTION

UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|CYPRUS|MILITARY PERSONNEL|TÜRKİYE|CYPRUS QUESTION|TURKISH CYPRIOT COMMUNITY|CODES OF CONDUCT|TROOP-CONTRIBUTING STATES|REPORT PREPARATION|SEXUAL HARASSMENT|SEX CRIMES|TRAINING PROGRAMMES|MILITARY DISCIPLINE


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/1643 (2005)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                15 December 2005

               Resolution 1643 (2005)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5327th meeting,
               on 15 December 2005

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling its previous resolutions and statements of its President relating to the
               situation in Côte d’Ivoire,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and unity of Côte d’Ivoire, and recalling the importance of the principles of
               good neighbourliness, non-interference and regional cooperation,
                     Recalling that it endorsed the Agreement signed by the Ivorian political forces
               in Linas-Marcoussis on 24 January 2003 (S/2003/99) (the Linas-Marcoussis
               Agreement) approved by the Conference of Heads of State on Côte d’Ivoire, held in
               Paris on 25 and 26 January 2003, the Agreement signed in Accra on 30 July 2004
               (the Accra III Agreement) and the Agreement signed in Pretoria on 6 April 2005
               (the Pretoria Agreement), as well as the decision of the Peace and Security Council
               of the African Union on the situation in Côte d’Ivoire adopted at its 40th meeting at
               the level of Heads of State and Government held on 6 October 2005 in Addis Ababa
               (S/2005/639),
                     Commending the efforts of the Secretary-General, the African Union, in
               particular President Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria, Chair of the African Union, and
               President Thabo Mbeki of the Republic of South Africa, Mediator of the African
               Union, President Mamadou Tandja of Niger, Chair of the Economic Community of
               West African States (ECOWAS) and the leaders of the region, to promote peace and
               stability in Côte d’Ivoire, and reiterating its full support for them,
                     Recalling the final communiqué of the International Working Group of
               8 November 2005, which stated in particular that the fundamental basis of the peace
               and national reconciliation process is enshrined in resolution 1633 (2005), and
               recalling also its final communiqué of 6 December 2005,
                     Recalling strongly the obligations of all Ivorian parties, the Government of
               Côte d’Ivoire as well as the Forces nouvelles, to refrain from any violence, in
               particular against civilians including foreign citizens, and to cooperate fully with the
               activities of the United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI),

05-64481 (E)
*0564481*

S/RES/1643 (2005)

                    Expressing its serious concern at the persistence of the crisis in Côte d’Ivoire
               and of obstacles to the peace and national reconciliation process from all sides,
                     Reiterating its firm condemnation of all violations of human rights and
               international humanitarian law, including the use of child soldiers, in Côte d’Ivoire,
                     Taking note of the final communiqué of the Kimberley Process Plenary
               Meeting held in Moscow from 15 to 17 November 2005 and of the resolution
               adopted by Kimberley Process participants at that meeting setting out concrete
               measures to prevent the introduction of diamonds from Côte d’Ivoire into the
               legitimate diamond trade, and recognizing the linkage between the illegal
               exploitation of natural resources such as diamonds, illicit trade in such resources,
               and the proliferation and trafficking of arms and the recruitment and use of
               mercenaries as one of the sources of fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in West
               Africa,
                    Taking note also of the report of the United Nations Panel of Experts on Côte
               d’Ivoire dated 7 November 2005 (S/2005/699),
                     Determining that the situation in Côte d’Ivoire continues to pose a threat to
               international peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.    Decides to renew until 15 December 2006 the provisions of paragraphs 7
               to 12 of resolution 1572 (2004);
                     2.   Reaffirms paragraphs 4 and 6 of resolution 1572 (2004), paragraph 5 of
               resolution 1584 (2005), and paragraphs 3, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 21 of
               resolution 1633 (2005), reaffirms also paragraph 8 of resolution 1584 (2005), and, in
               this regard, demands that the Forces nouvelles establish without delay a
               comprehensive list of armaments in their possession, in accordance with their
               obligations;
                    3.    Reaffirms its readiness to impose the individual measures provided for in
               paragraphs 9 and 11 of resolution 1572 (2004), including against any person
               designated by the Committee established by paragraph 14 of resolution 1572 who
               blocks the implementation of the peace process as enshrined in resolution 1633
               (2005) and in the final communiqué of the International Working Group, who is
               determined responsible for serious violations of human rights and international
               humanitarian law committed in Côte d’Ivoire since 19 September 2002, who incites
               publicly hatred and violence, and who is determined to be in violation of the arms
               embargo;
                    4.     Decides that any serious obstacle to the freedom of movement of UNOCI
               and of the French forces which support it, or any attack or obstruction to the action
               of UNOCI, of the French forces, of the High Representative for the elections and of
               the International Working Group constitutes a threat to the peace and national
               reconciliation process for purposes of paragraphs 9 and 11 of resolution 1572
               (2004);
                     5.    Requests the Secretary-General and the French Government to report to it
               immediately, through the Security Council Committee established by paragraph 14
               of resolution 1572 (2004) (the Committee), of any serious obstacle to the freedom of
               movement of UNOCI and of the French forces which support it, including the

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                                                                                S/RES/1643 (2005)

names of those responsible, and requests also the High Representative for the
elections and the International Working Group to report to it immediately, through
the Committee, any attack or obstruction to their action;
      6.    Decides that all States shall take the necessary measures to prevent the
import of all rough diamonds from Côte d’Ivoire to their territory, welcomes the
measures agreed by participants in the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme to
this effect, and calls upon the States in the region which are not participants in the
Kimberley Process to intensify their efforts to join the Kimberley Process in order to
increase the effectiveness of monitoring the import of diamonds from Côte d’Ivoire;
      7.   Requests all States concerned, in particular those in the region, to report
to the Committee, within 90 days from the date of adoption of this resolution, on the
actions they have taken to implement the measures imposed by paragraphs 7, 9 and
11 of resolution 1572 (2004) and by paragraphs 4 and 6 above, and authorizes the
Committee to request whatever further information it may consider necessary;
      8.   Decides that at the end of the period mentioned in paragraph 1 above, the
Security Council shall review the measures imposed by paragraphs 7, 9 and 11 of
resolution 1572 (2004) and by paragraphs 4 and 6 above, in the light of progress
accomplished in the peace and national reconciliation process in Côte d’Ivoire, and
expresses its readiness to consider the modification or termination of these measures
before the aforesaid period only if the provisions of resolution 1633 (2005) have
been fully implemented;
      9.    Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Committee, to
re-establish, within 30 days from the date of adoption of this resolution and for a
period of 6 months, a group of experts consisting of no more than five members (the
Group of Experts), with the appropriate range of expertise, in particular on arms,
diamonds, finance, customs, civil aviation and any other relevant expertise, to
perform the following mandate:
     (a) To exchange information with UNOCI and the French forces in the
context of their monitoring mandate set out in paragraphs 2 and 12 of resolution
1609 (2005),
      (b) To gather and analyse all relevant information in Côte d’Ivoire and
elsewhere, in cooperation with the governments of those countries, on flows of arms
and related materiel, on provision of assistance, advice or training related to military
activities, on networks operating in violation of the measures imposed by paragraph
7 of resolution 1572 (2004), and on the sources of financing, including from the
exploitation of natural resources in Côte d’Ivoire, for purchases of arms and related
materiel and activities,
     (c) To consider and recommend, where appropriate, ways of improving the
capabilities of States, in particular those in the region, to ensure the effective
implementation of the measures imposed by paragraph 7 of resolution 1572 (2004)
and by paragraph 6 above,
     (d) To seek further information regarding the action taken by States with a
view to implementing effectively the measures imposed by paragraph 6 above,
      (e) To report to the Security Council in writing within 90 days from its
establishment, through the Committee, on the implementation of the measures

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S/RES/1643 (2005)

               imposed by paragraph 7 of resolution 1572 (2004) and paragraph 6 above, with
               recommendations in this regard,
                    (f)   To keep the Committee regularly updated on its activities,
                     (g) To provide the Committee in its reports with evidence of any violations
               of the measures imposed by paragraph 7 of resolution 1572 (2004) and paragraph 6
               above,
                     (h) To cooperate with other relevant groups of experts, in particular that
               established on Liberia by resolutions 1521 of 22 December 2003 and 1579 of
               21 December 2004,
                    (i) To monitor the implementation of the individual measures set out in
               paragraphs 9 and 11 of resolution 1572 (2004);
                     10. Requests the Secretary-General to communicate as appropriate to the
               Security Council, through the Committee, information gathered by UNOCI and,
               when possible, reviewed by the Group of Experts, about the supply of arms and
               related materiel to Côte d’Ivoire and about the production and illicit export of
               diamonds;
                     11. Requests also the French Government to communicate as appropriate to
               the Security Council, through the Committee, information gathered by the French
               forces and, when possible, reviewed by the Group of Experts, about the supply of
               arms and related materiel to Côte d’Ivoire and about the production and illicit export
               of diamonds;
                    12. Requests also the Kimberley Process to communicate as appropriate to
               the Security Council, through the Committee, information and, when possible,
               reviewed by the Group of Experts, about the production and illicit export of
               diamonds;
                    13 Urges all States, relevant United Nations bodies and other organizations
               and interested parties, including the Kimberley Process, to cooperate fully with the
               Committee, the Group of Experts, UNOCI and the French forces, in particular by
               supplying any information at their disposal on possible violations of the measures
               imposed by paragraphs 7, 9 and 11 of resolution 1572 (2004) and by paragraphs 4
               and 6 above;
                    14.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 1643 (2005) [on renewal of the measures imposed by resolution 1572 (2004) on arms embargo against Côte d'Ivoire]

S/60 [198] UN OPERATION IN CÔTE D'IVOIRE
S/60 [196] CÔTE D'IVOIRE--POLITICAL CONDITIONS

Forces nouvelles (Côte d'Ivoire)|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1572 (2004) concerning Côte d'Ivoire|International Working Group on Côte d'Ivoire|UN. High Representative for the Elections in Côte d'Ivoire|UN. Group of Experts Established pursuant to Paragraph 7 of Security Council Resolution 1584 (2005)|Kimberley Process|Kimberley Process Certification Scheme for Rough Diamonds (2002)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|SANCTIONS|ARMS EMBARGO|SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE|INTERNAL SECURITY|CÔTE D'IVOIRE|REPORT PREPARATION|ARMAMENTS|HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS|HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT|STAFF SECURITY|MILITARY PERSONNEL|FRANCE|CONFLICT DIAMONDS|DIAMONDS|CERTIFICATES OF ORIGIN|INFORMATION EXCHANGE|GROUPS OF EXPERTS|DATA COLLECTION|ARMS TRANSFERS|COORDINATION WITHIN UN SYSTEM