               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2719 (2023)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                21 December 2023

               Resolution 2719 (2023)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9518th meeting, on
               21 December 2023

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and
               reaffirming the Security Council’s primary responsibility for the maintenance of
               international peace and security in accordance with article 24 of the Charter,
                      Also recalling Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations on regional
               arrangements and its competence under article 53 (1) of the Charter to where
               appropriate, utilize such regional arrangements or agencies for enforcement action
               under its authority consistent with the purposes and principles of the Charter as well
               as its oversight role under article 54 of the Charter, recognising that cooperation with
               regional and sub-regional organisations in matters relating to the maintenance of
               international peace and security can improve collective security and acknowledging
               the mandate of the African Union Peace and Security Council for the promotion of
               peace, security and stability in Africa pursuant to the Protocol Relating to the
               Establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union,
                     Mindful of all its previous relevant resolutions and statements by its President,
               especially resolutions 2320 (2016) and 2378 (2017) as well as Presidential Statement
               S/PRST/2022/6 which underscored the importance of developing effective
               partnerships between the United Nations and regional organisations, in particular the
               African Union, and also recalling Security Council resolution 2457 (2019) on
               silencing the guns as well as the acceleration of progress in the realisation of Agenda
               2063 and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals,
                    Recalling the signing on 19 April 2017 of the Joint United Nations-African
               Union Framework for Enhanced Partnership in Peace and Security on the African
               continent, and also recalling the Joint Declaration signed by the Secretary-General of
               the United Nations and the Chairperson of the African Union Commission on
               6 December 2018, which outlined the guiding principles underpinning the
               cooperation and collaboration between the two organisations in responding to conflict
               and crises in Africa and may continue to inform the partnership between the African
               Union and the United Nations in meeting peace and security challenges together,
               which has enhanced consultations between the African Union Peace and Security
               Council and the United Nations Security Council,
                    Welcoming the Secretary-General’s 29 April 2023 (S/2023/303) report on the
               Implementation of Security Council resolutions 2320 (2016) and 2378 (2017) and

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                 considerations related to the financing of African Union peace support operations
                 authorized by the Security Council as requested in the statement by the President of
                 the Security Council on 31 August 2022, and noting the African Union Consensus
                 Paper on Predictable, Adequate and Sustainable Financing for African Union Peace
                 and Security Activities adopted by the 36th ordinary session of the Assembly of the
                 African Union held on 18–19 February 2023,
                       Noting the ongoing efforts of the African Union and its sub-regional
                 organisations to strengthen the implementation of the framework of the African Peace
                 and Security Architecture to undertake peace support operations on the continent,
                 including peace enforcement, consistent with the relevant provisions of Chapter VIII
                 of the Charter of the United Nations, and reaffirming, in this context, the significant
                 contributions being made by African Union peace support operations in maintaining
                 regional and continental peace, in particular the comparative advantage, as “first
                 responders” with the political will in undertaking peace support operations, under the
                 effective and direct command and control of the African Union,
                       Recognising the changing nature of conflicts in Africa and the need to be able
                 to draw on a range of international responses and their complementarity to fit the
                 specific complex operating environments and evolving threats, including in some
                 environments the increasing use of asymmetric tactics by non-state armed groups,
                 terrorists and violent extremists, as well as the sophistication of violent extremism
                 conducive to terrorism, the deliberate targeting of peacekeepers, and the expanding
                 influence of transnational organised crime,
                       Reaffirming that States bear the primary responsibility for the prevention of
                 conflict and protection of civilians within their territories and further recognizing the
                 role that regional and subregional organizations play in this regard and that national
                 ownership and regional and subregional support is key to establishing sustainable
                 peace, and noting the important role of relevant stakeholders in preventing conflicts,
                 including countering violent extremism conducive to terrorism,
                       Noting the need to enhance and align the United Nations and African Union
                 efforts to support the national initiatives to address the security challenges of the
                 continent including through comprehensive solutions that respond to the root causes
                 and drivers of conflicts in Africa and underscoring the importance of the primacy of
                 politics and the need for coherent political strategies for African Union-led Peace
                 Support Operations authorised by the Security Council, and affirming that lasting
                 peace is not achieved nor sustained by military and technical engagements alone, but
                 through political solutions, and convinced that they should guide the design and
                 deployment of African Union-led Peace Support Operations,
                      Further underscoring the importance of a holistic approach to peace operations
                 deployed in Africa and underlying the centrality of the United Nations in
                 Peacekeeping Operations and the need to ensure coherence, coordination and
                 complementarity between African Union-led Peace Support Operations and United
                 Nations Peace Operations, in accordance with their respective mandates and avoid
                 duplication of efforts,
                       Noting also the progress made by the United Nations and the African Union in
                 the joint planning and management of African Union-led Peace Support Operations,
                 including in the areas of consultative evaluation, analysis, and assessment of African
                 Union missions as well as the conduct of joint assessments and technical missions,
                       Welcoming the substantial progress made by the African Union since 2017 to
                 strengthen its international humanitarian law, human rights and conduct and
                 discipline compliance frameworks with the support of the United Nations and partners
                 including the European Union and the African Union’s commitment to plan and

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           conduct its peace support operations in accordance with international human rights
           law and international humanitarian law, regional human rights instruments and
           applicable standards of conduct and discipline and underscoring the importance of a
           progressive implementation and evolution of the African Union’s adopted
           frameworks and its compliance in a manner that ensures the Security Council’s
           oversight of operations that it may authorize,
                 Also bearing in mind that promoting standards of compliance with international
           law, including, international humanitarian law and international human rights law,
           and conduct and discipline is an iterative and ongoing process requiring sustained
           support and dedicated resources including from partners,
                 Recognising the revitalisation of the African Union Peace Fund and the
           improvement of the Financial Rules and Regulations to support prudent management
           of resources and improved accountability, and welcoming the ambition to support
           African Union peace and security activities from the Fund, including Peace Support
           Operations,
                 Noting the significant contributions being made by the African Union,
           sub-regional organisations and its Member States, with the support of the United
           Nations and international partners, towards the maintenance of international peace
           and security on the continent and recognising the adverse impact that ad hoc,
           inadequate and unpredictable financing arrangements have had on African Union -led
           Peace Support Operations authorised by the Security Council under Chapter VIII of
           the Charter, and underlining the need to enhance the adequacy, predictability and
           sustainability of financing for African Union-led Peace Support Operations
           authorised by the Security Council and under the Security Council’s authority
           consistent with Chapter VIII of the UN Charter,
                 Recognising the various financing models presented by the Secretary-General
           in his report S/2017/454 on options for authorization and support for African Union
           peace support operations through which United Nations assessed contributions could
           be used to support African Union-led Peace Support Operations on a case-by-case
           basis, and stressing that any financing model to be used should be adequate,
           predictable and sustainable,
                 Acknowledging the existing efforts of the African Union and its Member States
           to share the burden of African Union-led Peace Support Operations authorised by the
           Security Council together with financing from United Nations assessed contributions,
           and determined to address the financing challenges identified with Africa Union-led
           Peace Support Operations and strengthen the strategic partnership between the United
           Nations and the African Union in support of the maintenance of international peace
           and security,
                 Also taking note of Communiqués adopted at the 1153rd and 1175th meetings
           of the African Union Peace and Security Council reiterating its commitment to further
           strengthen its partnership with the United Nations Security Council, for the
           maintenance of international peace and security, calling for the use of United Nations
           assessed contributions based on established parameters of the United Nations
           standards and building on existing practices to ensure access to adequate, predictable,
           and sustainable financing of African Union-led Peace Support Operations,
                 1.   Reaffirms its determination to take effective steps to further enhance the
           partnership between the United Nations and the African Union, in accordance with
           Chapter VIII of the Charter, including forging greater regional and national ownership
           and underscores the primary responsibility of the Security Council under the Charter
           for the maintenance of international peace and security, as well as the oversight

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                 responsibilities of the Security Council for African Union -led Peace Support
                 Operations authorized by the Security Council;
                       2.   Agrees to consider on a case-by-case basis, while aiming at early action
                 and rapid deployment to prevent violent conflict and its escalation, requests from the
                 African Union Peace and Security Council seeking authorisation from the United
                 Nations Security Council for African Union-led peace support operations under
                 chapters VII and VIII of the Charter to have access to United Nations assessed
                 contributions consistent with Article 17 of the Charter as well as the financial
                 regulations and rules of the United Nations, and under the direct, and effective
                 command and control of the African Union on the terms established in paragraphs 3
                 to 13 below;

                 Decision making and authorization
                      3.    Acknowledges that African Union-led peace support operations, including
                 peace enforcement can be deployed quickly to implement a clear, robust, and focused
                 mandate with a limited duration in time and an exit strategy defined from the outset,
                 and determines that the processes for mandate authorization will encompass the
                 following:
                      i.     The African Union Chairperson and the United Nations Secretary-General
                             will undertake consultations for the conduct of joint strategic assessment,
                             which shall include a detailed conflict analysis, a range of options for
                             response by the African Union Peace and Security Council and the United
                             Nations Security Council, including a draft Concept of Operations,
                             developed by the African Union in collaboration with the United Nations
                             and in consultations with the host country, and notify the United Nations
                             Security Council and the African Union Peace and Security Council,
                      ii.    A joint strategic assessment conducted through a consultative planning and
                             decision-making process undertaken by African Union Commission
                             Chairperson and the Secretary-General of the United Nations, and guided
                             by a joint African Union-United Nations planning as well as regular joint
                             review and reporting processes to ensure oversight by the Security Council
                             of all authorized operations that access United Nations assessed
                             contributions pursuant to its role and prerogatives as set out in Chapter
                             VIII of the Charter,
                      iii.   The decision of the African Union Peace and Security Council on the
                             report of the strategic assessment and draft Concept of Operations shall be
                             transmitted to the United Nations Security Council for consideration,
                      iv.    A consideration and decision by the United Nations Security Council on
                             whether to authorize the African Union-led Peace Support Operations with
                             assessed contributions,
                      v.     The mandates for African Union-led Peace Support Operations that access
                             United Nations assessed contributions will be expressly authorized by the
                             United Nations Security Council and guided by a coherent political
                             strategy that will be undertaken in partnership with the United Nations and
                             sub-regional organisations to support host countries i n their transition
                             from conflict to peace,
                      vi.    Following the United Nations Security Council authorization for an
                             African Union-led Peace Support Operations accessing United Nations
                             assessed contributions, the Secretary-General and the African Union
                             Commission Chairperson jointly develop the detailed planning documents,

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                      such as the mission and component-level concepts, including command
                      and control structure,

           Financial arrangements and procedures
                4.     Emphasizes that African Union-led Peace Support Operations authorized
           by the Security Council that access United Nations assessed contributions will
           comply with the Financial Regulations and Rules of the United Nations, standards for
           financial oversight, and accountability mechanisms, and reaffirms the established
           process for the preparation and presentation of reports by the Secretary -General
           containing proposals for the appropriation of resources and subsequent performance
           reports for consideration and approval by the General Assembly through the Advisory
           Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions and the Fifth Committee in
           accordance with the established peacekeeping budgetary process for United Nations
           assessed contributions and as appropriate, including information pertaining to the
           peace support operations budget;
                 5.   Also stresses that the logistical, financial, and other support extended to
           African Union-led Peace Support Operations will as appropriate, include costs and
           reimbursement of all categories of support as negotiated between the troop-police
           contributing country, the African Union, and the United Nations, under the
           Memorandum of Understanding according to the reimbursement framework covered
           by United Nations Peace Operations and as contained in the United Nations
           Contingent-Owned Equipment Manual, including the provision of personnel
           reimbursement to countries contributing personnel, as well as death and disability
           compensation and logistics support to the civilian component of the mission;
                6.    Determines that African Union-led peace support operations that are
           authorized by the Security Council will have access to funding from the United
           Nations assessed contributions not exceeding 75 percent of their annual budgets, with
           the remaining amount to be jointly mobilized by the African Union and United
           Nations from the international community as extra-budgetary resources and commits
           to consider all viable options in the event of significant shortfalls in resource
           mobilization;
                 7.   Determines that the support provided to African Union-led Peace Support
           Operations will be delivered in accordance with the Human Rights Due Diligence
           Policy on United Nations support to non-United Nations security forces and within
           the regulatory and administrative framework established by the United Nations
           General Assembly, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to provide
           support to United Nations, as well as African Union entities to ensure implementation
           of the Human Rights Due Diligence Policy, with a focus on strengthening mitigation,
           compliance, and accountability measures and capabilities;
                8.    Determines that in authorizing, on a case-by-case basis, prospective
           African Union-led Peace Support Operations requiring logistical, financial and other
           support through the United Nations assessed contributions, the Security Council will
           decide on the most appropriate mission model, prioritizing the establishment of a
           United Nations Support Office, which enables the use of the fiduciary processes and
           reporting of the United Nations system or as may be necessary through any other
           mission model;
                 9.    Welcomes the commitment and ambition of the African Union,
           sub-regional organisations and its member states to contribute significantly within
           their available means to African Union-led Peace Support Operations to be
           determined on a case-by-case basis, in line with the principle of burden sharing, and
           further stresses this contribution will include the provision of military, police and
           civilian personnel, ensuring effective pre-deployment training and readiness of

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                 personnel, effective involvement in planning, situation analysis, assessment and
                 management for African Union-led Peace Support Operations that will be authorized
                 by the United Nations Security Council and have access to United Nations Assessed
                 Contributions;
                       10. Also welcomes the continued financial, technical, and logistical support
                 provided by all Member States and international partners in support of peace and
                 stability in Africa, and encourages Member States, international organizations, and
                 international financial institutions to sustain their support to Africa;

                 Compliance frameworks and other matters
                       11. Stresses the operational necessity for African Union-led Peace Support
                 Operations accessing United Nations assessed contributions to be planned and
                 conducted in compliance with the African Union Compliance Framework on
                 International Humanitarian Law, African Union Human Rights Compliance
                 Framework, International Human Rights Law, African Union Policy on Conduct and
                 Discipline for Peace Support Operations, African Union Policy on Prevention and
                 Response to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, the Human Rights Due Diligence Policy
                 on United Nations Support to non-United Nations security forces, as well as align
                 with relevant United Nations frameworks and policies;
                       12. Emphasizes that African Union-led Peace Support Operations accessing
                 United Nations assessed contributions should ensure that the protection of civilians
                 is prioritized in the planning of African Union-led peace support operations, as well
                 as the Concept of Operations and rules of engagement and relevant policy and
                 guidance documents as appropriate;
                       13. Further emphasizes the importance of implementing resolution 1325
                 (2000) to ensure the full, equal, and meaningful participation of women, including as
                 appropriate, through the deployment of women as part of African Union-led Peace
                 Support Operations accessing United Nations assessed contributions, in all aspects of
                 these operation;
                      14. Emphasizes the need for the African Union and the United Nations to
                 enhance collaboration in operational support, planning, oversight, accountability,
                 compliance and decision-making, with a view to enhancing the autonomy and
                 ownership of the African Union’s own peace support operations;

                 Reporting and Monitoring
                       15. Requests the Secretary-General, in consultations with the Chairperson of
                 the African Union Commission, to submit a joint report to the United Nations Security
                 Council every 180 days (6 months) on the status of implementation of the mandate
                 that the United Nations Security Council authorizes for the conduct of any African
                 Union-led Peace Support Operations within the framework of this resolution,
                 including the state of compliance with paragraphs 3 to 13 above;
                      16. Also requests the Secretary-General to submit an annual report to the
                 Security Council on progress in the implementation of this framework resolution to
                 enable its alignment for greater effectiveness and also use the United Nations Security
                 Council and the African Union Peace and Security Council annual consultative
                 meeting to provide updates in this regard; and
                      17. Further decides to review the implementation of this resolution three (3)
                 years after its adoption and remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2719 (2023) [on consideration of requests from the African Union Peace and Security Council to access UN assessed contributions for African Union-led peace support operations]

S/78 [100] AFRICA--REGIONAL SECURITY
S/78 [9] REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS--UN
S/ X Cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations in maintaining international peace and security.

African Union|UN > Budget|African Union. Peace and Security Council|UN. Security Council|WAR PREVENTION|REGIONAL COOPERATION|COOPERATION BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONS|REGIONAL SECURITY|AFRICA|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|FINANCING|BUDGET CONTRIBUTIONS


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2720 (2023)
               Security Council                                                   Distr.: General
                                                                                22 December 2023

               Resolution 2720 (2023)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9520th meeting, on
               22 December 2023

                    The Security Council,
                    Reaffirming the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     Recalling all of its relevant resolutions, particularly resolution 2712 (2023),
               which, inter alia, demands that all parties comply with their obligations under
               international law, notably with regard to the protection of civilians, calls for urgent
               and extended humanitarian pauses and corridors throughout the Gaza Strip for a
               sufficient number of days to enable full, rapid, safe, and unhindered humanitarian
               access and to enable urgent rescue and recovery efforts, and calls for the immediate
               and unconditional release of all hostages, as well as ensuring immediate humanitarian
               access,
                     Reaffirming that all parties to conflicts must adhere to their obligations under
               international law, including international humanitarian law and international human
               rights law, as applicable,
                     Stressing that the Gaza Strip constitutes an integral part of the territory occupied
               in 1967, and reiterating the vision of the two-State solution, with the Gaza Strip as
               part of the Palestinian State,
                     Expressing deep concern at the dire and rapidly deteriorating humanitarian
               situation in the Gaza Strip and its grave impact on the civilian population, underlining
               the urgent need for full, rapid, safe, and unhindered humanitarian access in to and
               throughout the entire Gaza Strip, and taking note of the concerning reports from the
               leadership of the United Nations and humanitarian organizations in this regard,
               reaffirming its strong concern for the disproportionate effect that the conflict is
               having on the lives and well-being of children, women, and other civilians in
               vulnerable situations, and stressing the humanitarian principles of humanity,
               impartiality, neutrality, and independence,
                    Stressing the obligation to respect and protect humanitarian relief and medical
               personnel,
                     Reaffirming its call for all parties to refrain from depriving the civilian
               population in the Gaza Strip of basic services and humanitarian assistance
               indispensable to their survival, consistent with international human itarian law,
                    Commending the indispensable and ongoing efforts of the United Nations, its
               specialized agencies and all humanitarian and medical personnel in the Gaza Strip to

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               alleviate the impact of the conflict on the people in the Gaza Strip, and expressing
               condolences for all civilians, including humanitarian and medical personnel, killed in
               the course of this conflict,
                    Welcoming the efforts of Egypt to facilitate the use of the Rafah Border crossing
               by United Nations humanitarian agencies and their implementing partners for the
               provision of humanitarian assistance for people in need throughout the Gaza Strip,
                     Taking note of the 15 December 2023 decision by the Government of Israel to
               open its crossing at Karem Abu Salem/Kerem Shalom for direct deliver y of
               humanitarian assistance to Palestinian civilians in Gaza, which should ease
               congestion and help facilitate the provision of life-saving assistance to those who
               urgently need it, and emphasizing the need to continue working closely with all
               relevant parties to expand the delivery and distribution of humanitarian assistance,
               while confirming its humanitarian nature and ensuring that it reaches its civilian
               destination,
                     Encouraging engagement with relevant states in the implementation of this
               resolution,
                     Welcoming the implementation of a recent ‘humanitarian pause’ in the Gaza
               Strip, and expressing appreciation for the diplomatic efforts of Egypt, the State of
               Qatar, and other states in this regard, and also expressing grave concerns as to the
               impact the resumption of hostilities has had on civilians,
                     Recognizing that the civilian population in the Gaza Strip must have access to
               sufficient quantities of assistance that they need, including enough food, water,
               sanitation, electricity, telecommunications and medical services essential for their
               survival, and that the provision of humanitarian supplies in the Gaza Strip needs to
               be sufficient to alleviate the massive humanitarian needs of the Palestinian civilian
               population throughout the Gaza Strip, and recognizing the importance of resuming
               commercial imports of essential goods and services into the Gaza Strip,
                     Welcoming financial contributions and pledges by member states in support of
               the civilian population in Gaza, and taking note of the International Humanitarian
               Conference for the Civilian Population of Gaza held in Paris on 9 November 2023
               and its follow-up meeting on 6 December 2023,
                     1.    Reiterates its demand that all parties to the conflict comply with their
               obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law,
               including with regard to the conduct of hostilities and the protection of civilians and
               civilian objects, humanitarian access, and the protection of humanitarian personnel
               and their freedom of movement, and the duty, as applicable, of ensuring the food and
               medical supplies, among others, of the population, recalls that civilian and
               humanitarian facilities, including hospitals, medical facilities, schools, places of
               worship, and facilities of the UN, as well as humanitarian personnel, and medical
               personnel, and their means of transport, must be respected and protected, according
               to international humanitarian law, and affirms that nothing in this resolution absolves
               the parties of these obligations;
                    2.    Reaffirms the obligations of the parties to the conflict under international
               humanitarian law regarding the provision of humanitarian assistance, demands that
               they allow, facilitate and enable the immediate, safe and unhindered delivery of
               humanitarian assistance at scale directly to the Palestinian civilian population
               throughout the Gaza Strip, and in this regard calls for urgent steps to immediately
               allow safe, unhindered, and expanded humanitarian access and to create the
               conditions for a sustainable cessation of hostilities;

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                 3.    Demands that the parties to the conflict allow and facilitate the use of all
           available routes to and throughout the entire Gaza Strip, including border crossings,
           including full and prompt implementation of the announced opening of the Karem
           Abu Salem/Kerem Shalom Border Crossing, for the provision of human itarian
           assistance in order to ensure that humanitarian personnel and humanitarian assistance,
           including fuel, food, and medical supplies and emergency shelter assistance, reaches
           the civilian population in need throughout the Gaza Strip without diversion and
           through the most direct routes, as well as for material and equipment to repair and
           ensure the functioning of critical infrastructure and to provide essential services,
           without prejudice to the obligations of the parties to the conflict under internati onal
           humanitarian law, and stresses the importance of respecting and protecting border
           crossings and maritime infrastructure used for the delivery of humanitarian assistance
           at scale;
                 4.     Requests the Secretary-General, with the objective of expediting the
           delivery of humanitarian assistance to the civilian population in the Gaza Strip, to
           appoint a Senior Humanitarian and Reconstruction Coordinator with responsibility
           for facilitating, coordinating, monitoring, and verifying in Gaza, as appropriate, the
           humanitarian nature of all humanitarian relief consignments to Gaza provided through
           states which are not party to the conflict, and further requests that the Coordinator
           expeditiously establish a UN mechanism for accelerating the provision of
           humanitarian relief consignments to Gaza through states which are not party to the
           conflict, consulting all relevant parties, with the goal of expediting, streamlining, and
           accelerating the process of providing assistance while continuing to help ensure that
           aid reaches its civilian destination, and demands that the parties to the conflict
           cooperate with the Coordinator to fulfil their mandate without delay or obstruction;
                5.    Requests that the Coordinator be appointed expeditiously;
                6.   Determines that the Coordinator will have the necessary personnel and
           equipment in Gaza, under the authority of the United Nations, to perform these, and
           other functions as determined by the Security Council, and requests that the
           Coordinator report to the Security Council on its work, with an initial report within
           20 days and thereafter every 90 days through 30 September 2024;
                7.    Demands the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages, as well
           as ensuring humanitarian access to address medical needs of all hostages;
               8.    Demands the provision of fuel to Gaza at levels that will meet requisite
           humanitarian needs;
                9.     Calls for all parties to adhere to international humanitarian law and in this
           regard deplores all attacks against civilians and civilian objects, as well as all violen ce
           and hostilities against civilians, and all acts of terrorism;
                 10. Reaffirms the obligations of all parties under international humanitarian
           law, including with regard to respecting and protecting civilians and taking constant
           care to spare civilian objects, including such objects critical to the delivery of
           essential services to the civilian population, and with regard to refraining from
           attacking, destroying, removing or rendering useless objects that are indispensable to
           the survival of the civilian population, as well as respecting and protecting
           humanitarian personnel and consignments used for humanitarian relief operations;
                11. Reaffirms that civilian objects, including places of refuge, including within
           United Nations facilities and their surroundings, are protected under international
           humanitarian law, and rejects forced displacement of the civilian population,
           including children, in violation of international law, including international
           humanitarian law and international human rights law;

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                     12. Reiterates its unwavering commitment to the vision of the two-State
               solution where two democratic States, Israel and Palestine, live side by side in peace
               within secure and recognized borders, consistent with international law and relevant
               UN resolutions, and in this regard stresses the importance of unifying the Gaza Strip
               with the West Bank under the Palestinian Authority;
                    13. Demands that all parties to the conflict take all appropriate steps to ensure
               the safety and security of United Nations and associated personnel, those of its
               specialized agencies, and all other personnel engaged in humanitarian relief activities
               consistent with international humanitarian law, without prejudice to their freedom of
               movement and access, stresses the need not to hinder these efforts, and recalls that
               humanitarian relief personnel must be respected and protected;
                     14. Demands implementation of resolution 2712 (2023) in full, requests the
               Secretary-General to report to the Security Council in writing within five working
               days of the adoption of this resolution on the implementation of resolution 2712
               (2023), and thereafter as necessary, and calls upon all parties concerned to make full
               use of the humanitarian notification and deconfliction mechanisms in place to protect
               all humanitarian sites, including UN facilities, and to help facilitate the moveme nt of
               aid convoys, without prejudice to the obligations of the parties to uphold international
               humanitarian law;
                     15. Requests the Secretary-General to report on the implementation of this
               resolution in the regular reporting to the Council;
                    16.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2720 (2023) [on delivery of humanitarian relief and appointment of a Senior Humanitarian Coordinator for Gaza]

S/ X The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question.
S/78 [53] TERRITORIES OCCUPIED BY ISRAEL
S/78 [50] PALESTINE QUESTION
S/78 [54] MIDDLE EAST SITUATION

UN. Senior Humanitarian and Reconstruction Coordinator for Gaza|UN Mechanism for Accelerating the Provision of Humanitarian Relief Consignments to Gaza|Hamas|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW|HOSTAGES|ARMED CONFLICTS|CIVILIAN PERSONS|ISRAEL|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION|PALESTINE QUESTION|HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|GAZA STRIP|HOSPITALS|SCHOOLS|RELIGIOUS PLACES|RELIEF PERSONNEL|WEST BANK|STATE OF PALESTINE|RELIEF TRANSPORT|SECURITY AND SAFETY STAFF


Middle East, including Palestinian question

The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question


               United Nations                                                                  S/RES/2721 (2023)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                29 December 2023

               Resolution 2721 (2023)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9521st meeting, on
               29 December 2023

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions on Afghanistan, in particular resolution 2679
               (2023) which requested an integrated, independent assessment on Afghanistan,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and national unity of Afghanistan, as well as its continued support for the
               people of Afghanistan,
                   Reaffirming its support for a peaceful, stable, prosperous and inclusive
               Afghanistan,
                      Reiterating the need to address the challenges faced by Afghanistan, including
               but not limited to, humanitarian, human rights and especially the rights of women and
               girls, religious and ethnic minorities, security and terrorism, narcotics, development,
               economic and social challenges, dialogue, governance and the rule of law,
                    Reaffirming the indispensable role of women in Afghan society, and
               emphasizing the importance of the full, equal, meaningful and safe participation of
               women, and upholding human rights, including those of women, children, minorities,
               and persons in vulnerable situations,
                     Stressing the importance of an engagement architecture to guide and bring more
               coherence to political, humanitarian and development activities; and a substantive
               roadmap that will enable more effective negotiation and implementation of th e
               priorities of Afghan and international stakeholders,
                     Reaffirming that an integrated and coherent approach among relevant political,
               humanitarian and development actors, within and outside of the United Nations
               system, consistent with their respective mandates, is critical to building and
               sustaining peace in Afghanistan,
                   Recognizing that the health, well-being, prosperity and security of the people of
               Afghanistan affect the entire region and beyond,
                     1.  Stresses the critical importance of a continued presence of the United
               Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and other United Nations
               Agencies, Funds and Programmes across Afghanistan, and reiterates its full support
               to the mandate and the work of UNAMA and the Special Representative of the
               Secretary-General;

23-26292 (E)
*2326292*

S/RES/2721 (2023)

                    2.   Takes positive note of the independent assessment on Afghanistan
               (S/2023/856);
                     3.   Encourages member states and all other relevant stakeholders to consider
               the independent assessment and implementation of its recommendations, especial ly
               increasing international engagement in a more coherent, coordinated and structured
               manner, affirms that the objective of this process should be a clear end state of an
               Afghanistan at peace with itself and its neighbors, fully reintegrated into the
               international community and meeting international obligations, and recognizes the
               need to ensure the full, equal, meaningful and safe participation of Afghan women in
               the process throughout;
                    4.    Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with members of the
               Security Council, relevant Afghan political actors and stakeholders, including
               relevant authorities, Afghan women and civil society, as well as the region and the
               wider international community, to appoint a Special Envoy for Afghanistan, in a
               timely manner, provided with robust expertise on human rights and gender, to
               promote implementation of the recommendations of the independent assessment,
               without prejudice to the mandate of UNAMA and the Special Representative of the
               Secretary-General and their vital work in Afghanistan;
                     5.   Welcomes the Secretary-General’s intention to convene the next meeting
               of the group of Special Envoys and Special Representatives on Afghanistan initiated
               in May 2023 in a timely manner, and encourages the meeting to discuss the
               recommendations of the independent assessment;
                    6.   Requests that the Secretary-General brief the Security Council on the
               outcome of these consultations and discussions within 60 days;
                    7.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

2/2                                                                                23-26292

Security Council resolution 2721 (2023) [on appointment of a Special Envoy for Afghanistan]

S/78 [46] AFGHANISTAN SITUATION
S/78 [47] UN ASSISTANCE MISSION IN AFGHANISTAN
S/ X The situation in Afghanistan.

UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan|UN. Special Envoy of the Secretary-General to Afghanistan|UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan|POLITICAL CONDITIONS|AFGHANISTAN|HUMAN RIGHTS|WOMEN'S RIGHTS


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2722 (2024)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                10 January 2024

               Resolution 2722 (2024)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9527th meeting, on
               10 January 2024

                    The Security Council,
                     Reaffirming its primary responsibility under the Charter of the United Nations
               for the maintenance of international peace and security, as well as its commitment to
               uphold the purposes and principles of the Charter,
                     Reaffirming that international law, as reflected in the United Nations
               Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 (UNCLOS), sets out the legal
               framework applicable to activities in the oceans, including countering illicit activities
               at sea,
                    Expressing its concern over the threat that unlawful acts against the safety of
               navigation posed to seafarers and other persons,
                     Underscoring the importance of the exercise of navigational rights and
               freedoms of vessels of all States in the Red Sea, including for merchant and
               commercial vessels transiting the Baab al-Mandab, in accordance with international
               law, and further underscoring that the transit passage of merchant and commercial
               vessels through the Red Sea must continue unimpeded,
                     Stressing that the stability and prosperity of the coastal states of the Red Sea
               contributes to international peace and security,
                    Emphasizing that increased cost of transportation of essential goods will have a
               negative impact on the economic and humanitarian situation worldwide, including of
               the Yemeni civilian population,
                    Recalling its resolutions regarding Yemen, and also previous attacks against oil
               terminals under the control of the Government of Yemen,
                     Affirming its respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the coastal
               States of the Red Sea, and reiterating that States in the region have a leadership role
               to play, in close cooperation with regional and sub–regional organizations, in
               contributing to peace and security,
                     1.   Condemns in the strongest terms the at least two dozen Houthi attacks on
               merchant and commercial vessels since November 19, 2023, when the Houthis
               attacked and seized the Galaxy Leader and its crew;

24-00437 (E)
*2400437*

S/RES/2722 (2024)

                    2.    Demands that the Houthis immediately cease all such attacks, which
               impede global commerce and undermine navigational rights and freedoms as well as
               regional peace and security, and further demands that the Houthis immediately release
               the Galaxy Leader and its crew;
                     3.   Affirms the exercise of navigational rights and freedoms by merchant and
               commercial vessels, in accordance with international law, must be respected, and
               takes note of the right of Member States, in accordance with international law, to
               defend their vessels from attacks, including those that undermine navigational rights
               and freedoms;
                     4.   Commends the efforts by Member States within the framework of the
               International Maritime Organization, to enhance the safety and secure transit of
               merchant and commercial vessels of all States through the Red Sea;
                     5.    Encourages Member States to support capacity building efforts of the
               Yemeni Coast Guard to effectively implement the measures imposed by paragraph 14
               of resolution 2216 (2015), with full respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity
               of Yemen;
                     6.   Encourages also that Member States continue building and strengthening
               their capacities and to support capacity building for coas tal and port States in the Red
               Sea and Baab al-Mandab to enhance maritime security including by providing, as
               appropriate, technical assistance through relevant UN entities within their respective
               mandates and upon request by those States;
                     7.    Emphasizes the need to address the root causes, including the conflicts
               contributing to regional tensions and the disruption of maritime security in order to
               ensure a prompt, efficient, and effective response, and in this regard reiterates the
               need for all Member states to adhere to their obligations, including the targeted arms
               embargo contained within its resolution 2216 and the designation of the Houthis as a
               group subject to the arms embargo, pursuant to resolution 2624 (2022), and recalls
               that the Council’s Panel of Experts report from October 2023 ( S/2023/833) noted
               large-scale violations of the arms embargo;
                     8.    Further condemns the provision of arms and related materiel of all types
               to the Houthis, in violation of its resolution 2216 (2015), and calls for additional
               practical cooperation to prevent the Houthis from acquiring the materiel necessary to
               carry out further attacks;
                     9.    Urges caution and restraint to avoid further escalation of the situation in
               the Red Sea and the broader region, and encourages enhanced diplomatic efforts by
               all parties to that end, including continued support for dialogue and Yemen’s peace
               process under the UN auspices;
                     10. Requests the Secretary-General provide written monthly reports, through
               July 1, 2024, to the Security Council on any further Houthi attacks on merchant and
               commercial vessels in the Red Sea to inform the Council’s future consultations;
                    11.   Decides to remain actively seized of this matter.

2/2                                                                                24-00437

Security Council resolution 2722 (2024) [on attacks by Houthis on merchant and commercial vessels]

S/79 [58] YEMEN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Maintenance of international peace and security.

Houthis|MARITIME SECURITY|ARMS EMBARGO|SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE|YEMEN|RED SEA|FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION|LAW OF THE SEA|RED SEA REGION


Non-proliferation/DPRK

Non-proliferation/Democratic People's Republic of Korea


Admission of new Members


Non-proliferation


Sudan and South Sudan

Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan


Ukraine

Maintenance of peace and security of Ukraine


Ukraine