               United Nations                                                                  S/RES/2435 (2018)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               13 September 2018

               Resolution 2435 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8351st meeting, on
               13 September 2018

                    The Security Council,
                   Reaffirming its full commitment to the peace process in the Republic of
               Colombia,
                    Recalling all its resolutions and statements of its President regarding the peace
               process in Colombia,
                     Welcoming the progress made towards peace across Colombia since the adoption
               of the Final Agreement for Ending the Conflict and Building a Stable and Lasting
               Peace (the Final Agreement) and urging the parties, with the support of relevant state
               institutions and security forces, as well as civil society, to work together to renew
               momentum behind implementation of the Final Agreement,
                     Recalling in particular its resolution 2366 (2017) which established the United
               Nations Verification Mission in Colombia (the Verification Mission) to verify
               implementation by the Government of Colombia and Revolutionary Armed Forces of
               Colombia (FARC-EP) of sections 3.2 and 3.4 of the Final Agreement as called for in
               section 6.3.3 of the Final Agreement and recalling the positive role played by the
               Verification Mission in that regard,
                    Acknowledging the letter dated 30 August 2018 from the President of Colombia
               (S/2018/801) requesting an extension of the mandate of the Verification Mission as
               agreed by the Government of Colombia and the People ’s Alternative Revolutionary
               Force (FARC),
                    1.   Decides to extend, to 25 September 2019, the mandate of the Verification
               Mission and reporting requirements in accordance with its resolutions 2366 and 2377
               (2017), headed by a Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United
               Nations;
                     2.   Expresses its willingness to work with the Government of Colombia to
               further extend the mandate of the Verification Mission on the basis of agreement
               between the parties.

18-15243 (E)
*1815243*

Security Council resolution 2435 (2018) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Verification Mission in Colombia until 25 Sept. 2019]

S/73 [302] COLOMBIA--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Identical letters dated 19 January 2016 from the Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council (S/2016/53).

UN Verification Mission in Colombia|SPECIAL MISSIONS|PEACE AGREEMENTS|VERIFICATION|COLOMBIA


               United Nations                                                                  S/RES/2436 (2018)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               21 September 2018

               Resolution 2436 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8360th meeting, on
               21 September 2018

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and
               bearing in mind its primary responsibility under the Charter for the maintenance of
               international peace and security,
                    Recalling its previous relevant resolutions and presidential statements
               addressing issues of peacekeeping,
                     Underscoring the importance of peacekeeping as one of the most effective tools
               available to the United Nations in the promotion and maintenance of international
               peace and security,
                    Reaffirming the basic principles of peacekeeping, such as consent of the parties,
               impartiality, and non-use of force, except in self-defence and defence of the mandate,
               and recognizing that the mandate of each peacekeeping operation is specific to the
               needs of the situation concerned and underlining that the mandates that it authorizes
               are consistent with the basic principles, and reiterating that the Security Council
               expects full delivery of the mandates it authorizes,
                     Commending the commitment of troop- and police-contributing countries and
               the sacrifices of uniformed and civilian personnel in implementing United Nations
               peacekeeping mandates in challenging environments, and reaffirming that the
               sustained commitment to operating in challenging environments is crucial for a
               peacekeeping mission’s success and full implementation of all peacekeeping
               mandates,
                     Expressing grave concern about the security threats and targeted attacks against
               United Nations peacekeepers in many peacekeeping missions that constitute a major
               challenge to United Nations peacekeeping operations, and condemns in the strongest
               terms killing of and all acts of violence against United Nations personnel, which may
               constitute war crimes,
                     Honouring the heroic work of tens of thousands of United Nations unif ormed
               and civilian peacekeeping personnel, underscoring that the United Nations should not
               let the performance failures of a few tarnish the achievements of the whole,
                    Welcoming efforts undertaken by the Secretary-General to mobilize all partners
               and stakeholders in support of more effective United Nations peacekeeping through

18-15762 (E)
*1815762*

S/RES/2436 (2018)

               his initiative “Action for Peacekeeping”, to include advancing political solutions,
               strengthening protection of civilians, improving the safety and security of
               peacekeepers, supporting effective performance and accountability, strengthening the
               impact of peacekeeping on sustaining peace, improving peacekeeping partnerships,
               and strengthening the conduct of peacekeeping operations and personnel,
                    Recalling the report on “Improving Security of United Nations Peacekeepers”,
               which highlights the link between the safety and security of peacekeepers and
               performance, and its plan of action, and recognizing that deficiencies in training,
               equipment and performance can increase risks to the safety and security of
               peacekeepers, including leading to increased risk of fatalities,
                    Underscoring the need to enhance the overall effectiveness and efficiency of
               United Nations peacekeeping through improved integrated mission planning,
               including threat assessments of violence against civilians and United Nations
               personnel, increasing the numbers and fulfilment of pledges of capabilities and
               enablers, and increasing overall mission performance,
                     Recognizing that realistic mandates and adequately resourced missions,
               deployed uniformed and civilian peacekeeping personnel that are willing, capable and
               equipped to effectively and safely implement their mandate, and strong leadership at
               all levels, including mission leadership, are essential to peacekeeping pe rformance,
                    Stressing the importance of identifying gaps that have an impact on mandate
               delivery, improving provision of support services to field personnel, addressing
               systemic issues, and making recommendations on incorporation of lessons learned
               and best practices, in close cooperation with troop- and police-contributing countries
               and senior leadership, both in the field and at Headquarters,
                     Underscoring the link between performance and safety and security of
               uniformed and civilian peacekeeping personnel and recognizing that institutionalizing
               a culture of performance in UN peacekeeping will contribute to better delivery of
               peacekeeping mandates, as well as lead to improvements in the safety and security of
               peacekeepers,
                     Acknowledging the importance of data to inform objective decision-making to
               improve the performance of UN peacekeeping, taking into account the unique
               conditions of individual missions, and recalling resolutions 2378 (2017) and 2382
               (2017) and their request of the Secretary-General to ensure that data related to the
               effectiveness of peacekeeping operations, including peacekeeping performance data,
               is used to improve analytics and the evaluation of mission operations, based on clear
               and well identified benchmarks for mandate implementation and emphasizing the
               need to regularly review all peacekeeping operations, and welcoming the work
               already initiated by the Secretariat in the setting up of a comprehensive and integrated
               performance policy framework measuring performance based on data c ollection and
               analysis,
                     Recalling the importance of the role of UN peacekeeping operations in
               protecting civilians, where mandated, and expressing strong concern regarding
               continued instances of underperformance, including, inter alia, inaction in the fa ce
               of, in particular, imminent threats of physical violence against civilians, insufficient
               contingency planning to react to violence, conduct and discipline issues, risk averse
               leadership, lax force protection standards, inadequate operational readiness a nd
               preparedness, and inadequate integrated planning, and also noting with concern
               instances in which national caveats may have a detrimental effect on mandate
               implementation and performance,
                    Encouraging further coordination between the United Nations and regional and
               subregional organizations on strengthening peacekeeping performance,

2/6                                                                                18-15762

                                                                                S/RES/2436 (2018)

                 Welcoming the contribution of peacekeeping operations to a comprehensive
           strategy for sustaining peace, and noting with appreciation the contributions that
           peacekeepers and peacekeeping missions make to peacebuilding,
                 Expressing deep concern about the serious and continuous allegations and
           underreporting of sexual exploitation and abuse by United Nations peacekeepers and
           non-United Nations forces authorized under a Security Council mandate, including
           military, civilian and police personnel, and underscoring that sexual exploitation and
           abuse, among other crimes and forms of serious misconduct, by any such personnel
           is unacceptable, and commending the troop- and police-contributing countries that
           have taken steps to prevent, investigate and hold accountable their personnel for acts
           of sexual exploitation and abuse,
                 Recalling its resolution 2242 (2015), recognizing the indispensable role of
           women in United Nations peacekeeping and welcoming efforts to incentivise greater
           numbers of women in military, police and civilians deployed in United Nations
           peacekeeping operations, and noting the importance of increasing the number of
           women in leadership, and of ensuring that the need s and participation of women are
           integrated in all stages of mission planning and implementation through the inclusion
           of appropriate gender technical expertise,
                Taking into account its critical role in strengthening United Nations
           peacekeeping and stressing the importance of effectively promoting international
           peace and security, and that posture, behaviour, leadership, initiative, and
           accountability need to improve at all levels both at Headquarters and in the field,
                 1.   Reaffirms its support for the development of a comprehensive and
           integrated performance policy framework that identifies clear standards of
           performance for evaluating all United Nations civilian and uniformed personnel
           working in and supporting peacekeeping operations that facilitates effective and full
           implementation of mandates, and includes comprehensive and objective
           methodologies based on clear and well defined benchmarks to ensure accountability
           for underperformance and incentives and recognition for outstanding performance,
           including, inter alia, innovative and effective training, exceeding operational
           standards, delivery of key enabling capacities, excellence in the provision of mission
           support functions, demonstrated progress in mandate delivery, and committed and
           proactive leadership, and that specifies measures for performance accountability that
           include a range of responses proportionate to the identified performance failures,
           including, as appropriate, transparent public reporting, withholding reimbursement,
           and repatriating or replacing units, including the possibility of replacement by units
           from another troop- or police-contributing country from the Peacekeeping
           Capabilities Readiness System (PCRS), as well as revocation of delegated authorities,
           performance improvement plans, training, change of duties, or dismissal or
           non-renewal of contracts for civilian personnel;
                 2.   Recognizes that the effective implementation of peacekeeping mandates is
           the responsibility of all stakeholders and is contingent upon several critical f actors,
           including well-defined, realistic, and achievable mandates, political will, leadership,
           performance and accountability at all levels, adequate resources, policy, planning, and
           operational guidelines, and training and equipment;
                 3.   Urges all troop- and police-contributing countries to meet UN
           performance standards for personnel, training, and equipping, and to support the
           effective implementation of mandated tasks while maintaining the highest standards
           of conduct, further urges all civilian mission components and Secretariat staff
           supporting peacekeeping operations to meet performance standards and comply with
           staff regulations, notes the efforts of the Secretary-General to develop a
           comprehensive performance assessment system to help troop- and police-contributing

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S/RES/2436 (2018)

               countries meet United Nations performance standards, and calls upon all stakeholders
               to support these efforts;
                    4.    Reaffirms the importance of adhering to the Human Rights Due Diligence
               Policy in providing United Nations peacekeeping-related support to non-United
               Nations security forces in line with the Charter of the United Nations;
                     5.   Recognizes the need for enablers to bolster peacekeeping performance and
               calls on the Secretary-General to continue efforts to ensure that United Nations
               peacekeeping missions have effective operational command and control architectures,
               necessary, capable and efficient enablers including airlift, medical and casualty
               evacuation, and adequate medical support facilities and qualified p ersonnel;
                     6.   Emphasizes the primary responsibility of host countries for the protection
               of civilians, and affirms the need for peacekeeping missions with a mandate that
               includes the protection of civilians to ensure full mandate implementation, and
               underlines that where mandated, peacekeepers are authorized to use all necessary
               means, which includes the use of force when required, in order to protect civilians
               under threat of physical violence, in accordance with mission mandates, the United
               Nations Charter and other applicable international law, and stresses the importance
               of continued and further engagement by senior mission leadership, with a view to
               ensuring that all mission components and all levels of the chain of command are
               properly informed of, trained for, and involved in the mission’s protection of civilians
               mandate and their relevant responsibilities;
                    7.    Recognizes the role of United Nations peacekeeping operations in the
               protection of women and children, and the crucial role of protection -related personnel
               such as women protection advisers and child protection advisers in mainstreaming of
               protection and leading monitoring, prevention, and reporting efforts in missions;
                     8.    Calls on the Secretary-General to ensure United Nations peacekeeping
               missions have capable and accountable leadership, including through improving
               transparent selection processes that are based on merit, competence, and the needs of
               the mission, improving training and mentoring programs for selected and prospective
               leadership, and developing a cadre of experienced future candidates for senior
               leadership positions, and recalls that the paramount consideration in this regard shall
               be the necessity of securing the highest standards of efficiency, competence, and
               integrity, and that due regard shall be paid to the importance of recruiting on as wide
               a geographical basis as possible;
                     9.    Welcomes the commitment of Member States to support improved training
               and capacity building activities to strengthen peacekeeping, including, inter alia,
               predeployment training and assessments, triangular partnerships, co deployments,
               and smart pledging, and encourages further activities in this regard, and welcomes
               the Secretary-General’s commitment to implement a light coordination mechanism,
               within existing resources, to facilitate improved training and capacity building
               activities between Member States, to include troop- and police-contributing countries,
               providers of training and capacity building, and the United Nations, and encourages
               this mechanism to be made operational as soon as possible, and further encourages
               Member States to engage with this mechanism;
                     10. Welcomes initiatives of the Secretary-General to conduct Special
               Investigations into issues related to the performance of troo p, police, and civilian
               personnel, including with regard to protection of civilians, and requests the Secretary-General to act with urgency to initiate these Special Investigations into alleged
               instances of significant performance failures and underlines the importance of
               improving the methodology of the investigations and transparency of the findings of
               such investigations, as well as the potential of these Special Investigations to facilitate

4/6                                                                                18-15762

                                                                                S/RES/2436 (2018)

           further engagement and dialogue between the United Nations, tro op- and policecontributing countries, and other relevant stakeholders to improve performance and
           inform decisions regarding mandate design;
                 11. Requests the Secretary-General to provide detailed reporting on the
           findings and implementation plans of Special Investigations to the Security Council
           and relevant Member States, as appropriate, to include recommendations to address
           all factors contributing to any identified failures, as well as accountability measures,
           as appropriate, for uniformed and civilian components, including mission leadership
           and mission support personnel, including, as appropriate, remedial training and
           repatriation or dismissal of personnel;
                 12. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that decisions to recognize and
           incentivize outstanding performance and decisions regarding deployment,
           remediation, training, withholding of financial reimbursement, and repatriation of
           uniformed or dismissal of civilian personnel, are predicated on objective performance
           data, and calls for greater utilization of the PCRS to ensure the recruitment and
           retention of qualified uniformed personnel, and further calls on the Secretary-General
           to continue his efforts to improve analytics and evaluation of mission operations
           through implementation of the Operational Readiness Assurance and Performance
           Improvement Policy and commensurate policies for police in peacekeeping missions;
                13. Welcomes the Secretary-General’s initiative to undertake regular strategic
           reviews of peacekeeping missions, including those at the request of the Security
           Council, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure relevant findings of future
           Secretary-General commissioned reviews are shared with the Security Council and,
           as appropriate, relevant Member States, alongside the Secret ary-General’s integrated
           analysis, strategic assessment and frank advice;
                 14. Requests the Secretary-General to include in reports to the Security
           Council on individual peacekeeping operations, a summary of actions taken to
           improve mission performance and address performance challenges including lapses
           in leadership, national caveats that negatively affect mandate implementation
           effectiveness, and demanding operational environments, as well as any actions taken
           in line with paragraph 12 above;
                 15. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on
           instances of outstanding performance in order to highlight best practices and promote
           their widespread adoption, and encourages the Secretary-General to apply risk and
           enabling premiums to eligible troop- and police-contributing countries, and to
           advance public recognition of outstanding performance, including to raise awareness
           of the importance of peacekeeping in the promotion and maintenance of international
           peace and security, as well as of the significance and sacrifice of peacekeepers and
           troop- and police-contributing countries;
                 16. Underscores that any form of sexual exploitation and abuse is
           unacceptable and reaffirms its support for the United Nations zero-tolerance policy
           on all forms of sexual exploitation and abuse, and welcomes the Secretary-General’s
           victim-centred approach and the Secretary-General’s measures to strengthen the
           prevention, enforcement and remediation efforts against all forms of sexual
           misconduct, and reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to include a section on
           adherence to his zero-tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse in all his
           reporting to the Security Council, both thematic and country-specific, and urges all
           troop- and police-contributing countries to redouble their efforts to take the steps
           necessary to vet and train their personnel and conduct investigations of allegations of
           sexual exploitation and abuse by their personnel and take appropriate steps to hold
           accountable those responsible, and recognizes the need to make further visible and
           measurable improvement on addressing sexual exploitation and abuse;

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S/RES/2436 (2018)

                     17. Expresses concern regarding allegations of sexual harassment in
               peacekeeping operations, and affirms its support for the Secretary-General’s zerotolerance policy on all forms of sexual harassment;
                     18. Encourages Member States, as appropriate, to provide training to
               peacekeeping personnel to be deployed in United Nations peacekeeping operations
               on issues related to sexual violence in conflict, trafficking in persons in the context
               of armed conflict, and gender expertise, and to ensure that these considerations are
               fully integrated, as appropriate, into performance and operational readiness standards,
               and further encourages Member States to nominate individual military and police
               personnel to act as focal points on these areas;
                     19. Recalls its resolution 2242 (2015) and its request that the Secretary-General initiate, in collaboration with Member States, a revised strategy to double the
               numbers of women in military and police contingents of United Nations peacekeeping
               operations by 2020 and further requests that this strategy ensures the full, effective
               and meaningful participation of women in all aspects of peacekeeping, an d that this
               revised strategy is presented to the Security Council by March 2019;
                    20.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

6/6                                                                                18-15762

Security Council resolution 2436 (2018) [on developing a comprehensive and integrated performance policy framework for UN peacekeeping operations]

S/73 [18] PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
S/ X United Nations peacekeeping operations.

PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|PERFORMANCE STANDARDS|PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL|ACCOUNTABILITY|SEX CRIMES


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2437 (2018)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                3 October 2018

               Resolution 2437 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8365th meeting,
               on 3 October 2018

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolutions 2240 (2015), 2312 (2016) and 2380 (2017) and its
               Presidential Statement of 16 December 2015 (S/PRST/2015/25),
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and national unity of Libya,
                    Welcoming the Secretary-General’s report of 31 August 2018 (S/2018/807),
                    Mindful of its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace
               and security under the Charter of the United Nations,
                    Reaffirming the necessity to put an end to the ongoing proliferation of, and
               endangerment of lives by, the smuggling of migrants and trafficking of persons in the
               Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Libya, and, for these specific purposes, acting
               under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.   Condemns all acts of migrant smuggling and human trafficking into,
               through and from the Libyan territory and off the coast of Libya, which undermine
               further the process of stabilization of Libya and endanger the lives of hundreds of
               thousands of people;
                     2.    Decides, for a further period of twelve months from the date of adoption
               of this resolution, to renew the authorisations as set out in paragraphs 7, 8, 9 and 10
               of resolution 2240 (2015),reaffirms paragraph 11 thereof and otherwise reiterates its
               resolutions 2240 (2015), 2312 (2106) and 2380 (2017) and its Presidential Statement
               S/PRST/2015/25;
                    3.   Renews the reporting requests set out in paragraphs 17 and 18 of resolution
               2240 (2015) from the date of adoption of this resolution;
                    4.    Expresses its intention to continue to review the situation and consider, as
               appropriate, renewing the authority provided in this resolution for additional periods;
                    5.    Decides to remain seized of the matter.

18-16448 (E)
*1816448*

Security Council resolution 2437 (2018) [on renewal for 12 months of the authorizations as set out in paras. 7, 8, 9 and 10 of Security Council resolution 2240 (2015) concerning migrant smuggling and human trafficking into, through and from the Libyan territory and off the coast of Libya]

S/ X Maintenance of international peace and security.
S/73 [219] LIBYA SITUATION

Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS|MIGRANTS|LIBYA|MEDITERRANEAN SEA|CRIME PREVENTION|JURISDICTION OVER SHIPS AT SEA


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2438 (2018)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                11 October 2018

               Resolution 2438 (2018)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8371st meeting, on
               11 October 2018

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling its previous resolutions and its presidential statements on the situation
               in Sudan and South Sudan, and in particular, resolutions 1990 (2011), 2024 (2011),
               2032 (2011), 2046 (2012), 2047 (2012), 2075 (2012), 2104 (2013), 2126 (2013), 2156
               (2014), 2179 (2014), 2205 (2015), 2230 (2015), 2251 (2015), 2287 (2016), 2318
               (2016), 2352 (2017), 2386 (2017), 2412 (2018), and 2416 (2018) as well as
               presidential statements S/PRST/2012/19 and S/PRST/2013/14, and the Council’s
               press statements of 18 June 2012, 21 September 2012, 28 September 2012, 6 May
               2013, 14 June 2013, 14 February 2014, 17 March 2014, 11 December 2014, and
               27 November 2015,
                     Welcoming the progress made towards the implementation of the Joint Border
               Verification and Monitoring Mechanism (JBVMM), while noting that measures set
               out in paragraph 9 of resolution 2386 (2017) and in resolution 2412 (2018) have not
               been completely achieved, and calling on the parties to fulfil these measures without
               delay,
                     Stressing the need for the Governments of Sudan and South Sudan to fully
               implement the JBVMM, in accordance with Security Council resolution 2046 (2012)
               and the African Union Peace and Security Council Roadmap of 24 April 2012, the
               Joint Political and Security Mechanism (JPSM) Communique of 31 October 2017,
               and the Decisions of the JPSM of 24 September 2018,
                    Commending the continued assistance provided to the parties by the African
               Union High-level Implementation Panel (AUHIP) and the United Nations Interim
               Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA),
                    Taking note of the 20 August 2018 Secretary-General’s report (S/2018/778),
                    Recognizing that the current situation in Abyei and along the border between the
               Sudan and South Sudan continues to constitute a serious threat to international peace
               and security,
                     1.    Decides to extend until 15 April 2019 UNISFA’s mandate modification set
               forth in resolution 2024 (2011) and paragraph 1 of resolution 2075 (2012), and further
               decides that this shall be the final such extension unless the parties take the specific
               measures described in paragraph 3;

18-16986 (E)
*1816986*

S/RES/2438 (2018)

                     2.   Decides to maintain UNISFA’s authorized troop ceiling of 4,500 until
               15 November 2018; and further decides that as of 15 April 2019, the authorized troop
               ceiling shall decrease by 541 troops, unless it decides to extend the mandate
               modification set forth in resolution 2024 (2011) and paragraph 1 of resolution 2075
               (2012), in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 3;
                    3.    Determines that both parties should also demonstrate measurable progress
               on border demarcation, specifically:
                          (1) UNISFA and JBVMM Patrols: Maintain standing clearance and
                    achieve full freedom of movement for all UNISFA air and ground patrols,
                    including landing within the Safe Demilitarized Border Zone (SDBZ), and
                    maintain approval for 100 percent of requested sorties no later than 72 hours
                    after the requests are delivered,
                          (2) JBVMM Team Sites: Establish Abu Qussa/Wunkur team site, and
                    finalize agreement on the location of the As Sumayah/Wierayen and Safaha/Kiir
                    Adem team sites,
                         (3) The Government of South Sudan to establish a high-level team, in
                    coordination with the Ad-hoc Committee of the 14 Mile Area, to undertake
                    community sensitisation to enable ground movement by UNISFA from Gok
                    Machar into the SDBZ and the establishment of the JBVMM team sites as per
                    benchmark 2,
                         (4) Convene at least two meetings of the JPSM during the mandate
                    period that provide clear guidance to JBVMM, and for both parties to
                    completely withdraw from the SDBZ,
                          (5) Border Crossing Corridors: Develop and begin to implement a
                    timeline for verifying, together with UNISFA, the functioning of the 10 border
                    crossings and free movement across the border,
                         (6) Customs and Migration: Each country establish customs and
                    migration offices for, at least, two of the four Phase 1 border crossings between
                    Sudan and South Sudan,
                          (7) Hold at least two meetings of the Joint Border Commission and Joint
                    Demarcation Committee, with one meeting of each occurring prior to 15 March
                    2019, finalize the Joint Demarcation Committee’s report to the Joint Border
                    Commission, discuss border demarcation of the agreed sections of the boundary
                    per the 5 March 2018 JPSM decision, and resume border demarcation
                    discussions including negotiations on the disputed areas within the framework
                    of the signed agreements;
                    4.    Requests the Secretary-General to inform it of progress in implementing
               any steps taken per paragraph 3, in writing, no later than 15 March 2019;
                    5.   Decides to remain actively seized of this matter.

2/2                                                                                18-16986

Security Council resolution 2438 (2018) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) until 15 Apr. 2019]

S/73 [217] UN INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI
S/73 [160] SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/73 [223] SOUTH SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan.

UN Interim Security Force for Abyei|Joint Border Verification Monitoring Mechanism (Sudan and South Sudan)|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|DEMILITARIZED ZONES|ABYEI (SUDAN)|SUDAN|SOUTH SUDAN


               United Nations                                                                  S/RES/2439 (2018)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                30 October 2018

               Resolution 2439 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8385th meeting, on
               30 October 2018

                    The Security Council,
                     Expressing grave concern about the most recent outbreak of the Ebola virus in
               the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the fact that this epidemic is occurring
               in the context of much wider humanitarian needs, in a country whose people have
               suffered from the recurrence of the disease, armed conflict and violence for the last
               few decades,
                      Recognizing the recurring threat of the Ebola virus in the region since it was
               first discovered in 1976 and recalling its Resolution 2177 (2014) concerning the 2014
               Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa,
                    Recalling its determination in resolution 2409 (2018) that the situation in the
               DRC continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region,
               and expressing concern that this security situation negatively impacts the ability to
               respond to and contain the outbreak of the Ebola virus,
                      Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and
               territorial integrity of the DRC and all States in the region, and emphasizing the need
               for cooperation and coordination with the DRC to address the Ebola situation, as well
               as with the States in the region, as appropriate,
                    Noting the reports presented to the Security Council on 28 August and on
               3 October 2018 by the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO),
                    Commending the Government of the DRC for its leadership in responding to the
               Ebola outbreak, particularly for providing free healt h care in affected health zones,
               as well as for its daily reporting on the status of the outbreak,
                     Expressing appreciation for the efforts of all humanitarian and health workers
               on the ground, including the WHO and its partners in the Global Outbreak Aler t and
               Response Network, as well as all other front-line actors involved in the response
               effort,
                    Commending the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the DRC
               (MONUSCO) for providing support to the efforts of the government of the DRC, the
               WHO and other actors to respond to the Ebola outbreak in an extremely challenging
               and dangerous environment,

18-18162 (E)
*1818162*

S/RES/2439 (2018)

                     Underscoring the need to address the security situation in the areas affected by
               the disease and condemning all attacks against civilians,
                    Expressing outrage and condemning in the strongest terms the recent attacks and
               the killings of two Congolese health workers attached to a Congolese army unit
               helping to combat the Ebola outbreak in the DRC,
                     Recalling resolution 2286 (2016) and urging all parties to the armed conflict to
               ensure full, safe, immediate and unhindered access for humanitarian personnel and
               medical personnel, to patients and others in need; condemning acts of violence,
               attacks and threats intentionally directed against medical personnel and humanitarian
               personnel exclusively engaged in medical duties, their means of transport and
               equipment, as well as hospitals and other medical facilities, exclusively fulfilling a
               medical or humanitarian function, as a violation of international humanitarian law;
               and deploring the long-term consequences of such attacks for the civilian population
               and the health-care system of the DRC,
                     Recalling the International Health Regulations (2005), which are con tributing
               to global public health security by improving the capacity of all countries to detect,
               assess, notify and respond to public health threats, underscoring the importance of
               abiding by these commitments and urging Member States to follow the advice of the
               WHO Director General regarding the current Ebola outbreak,
                     Taking note of the cross-border meeting among east African countries held in
               Entebbe, Uganda, on 3 October 2018, which reviewed the implementation of cross -
               border disease surveillance activities and the status of emergency preparedness
               activities in districts that border the DRC and the East African Community; noting
               the need for awareness creation among district leaders in their roles in implementing
               the IHRs (2005), and drawing attention to large-scale population displacements in the
               region that could contribute to further spread of the Ebola virus,
                    Underscoring that the control of outbreaks of major infectious diseases requires
               urgent action and greater national, regional and international collaboration and, in this
               regard, stressing the crucial and continued need for a WHO coordinated international
               response in the DRC in collaboration with the Government,
                     Commending Member States and multilateral organizations that have provided
               crucial assistance, including financial commitments, technical support and in -kind
               donations, to support the scaling up of emergency efforts to contain the Ebola
               outbreak and interrupt transmission of the virus, including by providing flexible funds
               to relevant UN agencies and international organizations, facilitating a more rapid and
               effective response and enabling them and national governments to purchase supplies
               and enhance emergency operations in the DRC and neighbouring countries, as well
               as by collaborating with public and private sector partners to accelerate development
               of therapeutics, vaccines and diagnostics to treat patients and limit or prevent further
               infection or transmission,
                     Welcoming the efforts of the African Union (AU), through the Africa Centr e for
               Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) in providing support to the government
               of the DRC, WHO and its partners through a united, comprehensive and collective
               response to the outbreak, including through the deployment of healthcare workers to
               the eastern part of the DRC,
                    Emphasizing the role of all relevant United Nations System entities in
               supporting the national, regional and international efforts to respond to the Ebola
               outbreak, and recognizing in this regard the leading role of the WHO,
                    Taking note of the WHO protocols to prevent the transmission of the Ebola virus
               disease between individuals, organizations and populations, and underlining that the

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           Ebola outbreak can be contained, including through the implementation of established
           safety and health protocols and other preventive measures that have proven effective,
                 1.   Reiterates its deep concern regarding the overall security and
           humanitarian situation in the DRC, exacerbated by destabilizing activities of foreign
           and domestic armed groups, recalls the strategic importance of the implementation of
           the Peace, Security and Cooperation (PSC) Framework for the DRC and the region,
           and reiterates its call to all signatories to fulfil their respective commitments under
           this Framework in order to address the root causes of conflict and put an end to
           recurring cycles of violence, and promote lasting regional development;
                2.    Encourages the government of the DRC, WHO, and other Ebola
           responders to continue to improve the transparency and accuracy of the daily
           reporting on the status of the outbreak;
                3.    Recalls that the Government of the DRC bears the primary responsibility
           to protect civilians within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction, including
           protection from crimes against humanity and war crimes;
                 4.    Expresses serious concern regarding the security situation in the areas
           affected by the Ebola outbreak, which is severely ha mpering the response efforts and
           facilitating the spread of the virus in the DRC and the wider region; and calls for
           immediate cessation of hostilities by all armed groups, including the Allied
           Democratic Forces (ADF);
                 5.   Condemns in the strongest terms all attacks by armed groups, including
           those posing serious security risks for responders and jeopardizing the response to the
           Ebola outbreak;
                  6.    Demands that all parties to the armed conflict fully respect international
           law, including, as applicable, international human rights law and international
           humanitarian law, including their obligations under the Geneva Conventions of 1949
           and the obligations applicable to them under the Additional Protocols thereto of 1977
           and 2005, and further demands that all parties ensure full, safe, immediate and
           unhindered access for humanitarian and medical personnel, and their equipment,
           transport and supplies to the affected areas, and to respect and protect all civilians,
           including those in the region who are at risk of Eb ola, and humanitarian and health
           workers; stresses that humanitarian response teams and hospitals and other medical
           facilities providing life-saving assistance and relief to those in need must be respected
           and protected, and that they must not be a target, in accordance with international
           law;
                 7.    Notes the important positive role of MONUSCO, within its existing
           mandate, in supporting the efforts of the government of the DRC, the WHO and other
           actors to bring the Ebola outbreak successfully under control an d in ensuring, within
           its area of operations, effective protection of civilians;
                 8.   Emphasizes the need for the Government of the DRC, and all relevant
           actors providing assistance in response to the Ebola outbreak, to enhance efforts to
           communicate to the public, as well as to implement, the established safety and health
           protocols and preventive measures to mitigate against misinformation and undue
           alarm about the transmission and extent of the outbreak among and between
           individuals and communities; underscores the need to enhance community
           engagement working closely with religious leaders, youth and women ’s groups and
           with the families themselves, including in the context of resumed humanitarian
           assistance efforts;
                9.   Emphasizes that men and women are affected differently by the Ebola
           outbreak and underlines that a gender-sensitive response that addresses the specific

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               needs of both men and women is required, and stresses the importance of the full,
               active and meaningful engagement of women in the developme nt of such responses;
                     10. Stresses the need for continuous and improved surveillance of those who
               have been in contact with infected people as well as the need for following -up with
               Ebola survivors, ensuring they are clinically monitored to prevent any de layed
               clinical manifestations and the risk of sexual transmission of Ebola; underlines the
               need to provide Ebola survivors with psychological and social support to help them
               face and overcome possible stigmatization;
                     11. Takes note of WHO’s latest assessment of the risk of regional spread and
               expresses great concern about the potential for the virus to spread into Uganda,
               Rwanda, South Sudan and Burundi and encourages those governments to continue
               efforts to prepare for operational readiness, in full cooperation with WHO;
                    12. Emphasizes the importance of maintaining international support and
               engagement — financially, technically and in-kind — to bring the Ebola outbreak
               successfully under control; stresses in this context the importance of flexible financial
               support for the response efforts, enabling a more rapid and effective response, a lso
               expresses concern that the overall humanitarian appeal for the DRC remains severely
               underfunded;
                     13. Encourages the Government of the DRC and countries of the region to
               continue efforts to address and resolve the wider political, security, socioeconomic
               and humanitarian consequences of the Ebola outbreak, as well as to provide
               sustainable and responsive public health mechanisms;
                    14. Requests all relevant parts of the United Nations System to accelerate their
               response to the Ebola outbreak, within the overall coordination of WHO, including
               by supporting the development and implementation of preparedness and operational
               plans and liaison and collaboration with governments of the region and those
               providing assistance;
                    15. Stresses the need for the international community to remain engaged in
               supporting the strengthening of national health systems, in line with the needs of the
               government of DRC, which are instrumental in preventing a deterioration of the
               present crisis or addressing a future recurrence;
                     16. Welcomes action and results of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme
               and encourages the WHO and the whole UN system to build on and benefit from the
               lessons learned from the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa in 2014, and to continue
               to further strengthen its technical leadership and operational support, monitor Ebola
               transmission, assist in identifying existing response needs and partners to mee t those
               needs to facilitate the availability of essential data and hasten the development and
               implementation of therapies and vaccines according to best clinical and ethical
               practices;
                    17.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2439 (2018) [on condemning attacks by armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and their role in exacerbating the Ebola virus outbreak]

S/73 [228] EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE
S/73 [102] DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SITUATION
S/73 [104] UN ORGANIZATION STABILIZATION MISSION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
S/ X Peace and security in Africa.

UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|WHO|INTERNAL SECURITY|EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE|EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES|DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO|DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SITUATION


               United Nations                                                                        S/RES/2440 (2018)
               Security Council                                                     Distr.: General
                                                                                31 October 2018

               Resolution 2440 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8387th meeting, on
               31 October 2018

                     The Security Council,
                     Recalling and reaffirming all its previous resolutions on Western Sahara,
                    Reaffirming its strong support for the efforts of the Secretary-General and his
               Personal Envoy to implement resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008),
               1871 (2009), 1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), 2044 (2012), 2099 (2013), 2152 (2014), 2218
               (2015), 2285 (2016), 2351 (2017), and 2414 (2018),
                     Expressing full support for the Secretary-General’s Personal Envoy for Western
               Sahara, former President Horst Köhler of Germany, and welcoming the engagement of
               the parties and neighboring states with him in his efforts to facilitate direct negotiations,
                     Welcoming the decision by the Personal Envoy to hold an initial roundtable meeting
               in Geneva on December 5–6, 2018, to take stock of recent developments, address regional
               issues, and discuss the next steps in the political process on Western Sahara,
                    Further welcoming the decisions of Morocco, the Frente Polisario, Algeria and
               Mauritania to accept the invitation of the Personal Envoy to participate in a roundtable
               meeting in Geneva on December 5–6, 2018, without preconditions and in good faith,
               and welcoming consultations between the Personal Envoy and Morocco, the Frente
               Polisario, Algeria and Mauritania in this regard,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to assist the parties to achieve a just, lasting, and
               mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the self-determination
               of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements consistent with the
               principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and noting the role and
               responsibilities of the parties in this respect,
                     Reiterating its call upon the parties and the neighboring states to cooperate more
               fully with the United Nations and with each other, to strengthen their involvement in
               the political process and to achieve progress towards a political solution,
                     Recognizing that achieving a political solution to this long-standing dispute and
               enhanced cooperation between the Member States of the Maghreb Arab Union would
               contribute to stability and security, in turn leading to jobs, growth and opportunities
               for all the peoples in the Sahel region,
                    Welcoming the efforts of the Secretary-General to keep all peacekeeping
               operations, including the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western

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               Sahara (MINURSO), under close review and reiterating the need for the Council to
               pursue a rigorous, strategic approach to peacekeeping deployments, and effective
               management of resources,
                     Recalling its request of the Secretary-General to ensure that data related to the
               effectiveness of peacekeeping operations, including peacekeeping performance data,
               is used to improve analytics and the evaluation of mission operations, based on clear
               and well identified benchmarks, and emphasizing the need to regularly evaluate
               MINURSO’s performance such that the mission retains the skills and flexibility
               needed to effectively carry out its mandate,
                   Recalling resolution 2242 (2015) and its aspiration to increase the number of
               women in military and police contingents of United Nations peacekeeping operations,
                     Recognizing the important role played by MINURSO on the ground and the need
               for it to fully implement its mandate, including its role in supporting the Personal
               Envoy to achieve a mutually acceptable political solution, and welcoming the
               Personal Envoy’s visit to MINURSO headquarters and Western Sahara,
                    Expressing concern about the violations of existing agreements, and in this
               regard welcoming the Secretary-General’s assessment on 3 October 2018 that no
               major threats to the ceasefire have been recorded,
                     Taking note of the assurances provided by the Frente Polisario to the Personal
               Envoy not to move administrative structures to the territory as well as its commitment
               to fulfill its obligations with respect to the buffer strip at Guerguerat, in line with
               resolution 2414 (2018), and recognizing that full adherence by the Frente Polisario to
               these commitments will help sustain momentum in the political process,
                    Taking note of the Moroccan proposal presented on 11 April 2007 to the
               Secretary-General and welcoming serious and credible Moroccan efforts to move the
               process forward towards resolution; also taking note of the Polisario Front proposal
               presented 10 April 2007 to the Secretary-General,
                     Encouraging in this context, the parties to demonstrate further political will towards
               a solution including by expanding upon their discussion of each other ’s proposals and
               recommitting to UN efforts in a spirit of realism and compromise, and further
               encouraging the neighboring countries to make contributions to the political process,
                    Encouraging the parties to cooperate further with the United Nations Office of the
               High Commissioner for Refugees in identifying and implementing confidence -building
               measures that can serve to foster the trust necessary for a successful political pr ocess,
                     Stressing the importance of improving the human rights situation in Western
               Sahara and the Tindouf camps, and encouraging the parties to work with the
               international community to develop and implement independent and credible
               measures to ensure full respect for human rights, bearing in mind their relevant
               obligations under international law,
                   Encouraging the parties to continue in their respective efforts to enhance the
               promotion and protection of human rights in Western Sahara and the Tindouf refuge e
               camps, including the freedoms of expression and association,
                    Welcoming in this regard, steps and initiatives taken by Morocco, and the role
               played by the National Council on Human Rights Commissions operating in Dakhla
               and Laayoune, and Morocco’s interaction with Special Procedures of the United
               Nations Human Rights Council,
                     Strongly encouraging enhancing cooperation with the Office of the United
               Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), including through
               facilitating visits to the region,

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                 Noting with deep concern the continued hardships faced by Sahrawi refugees
           and their dependency on external humanitarian assistance, and further noting with
           deep concern insufficient funding for those living in Tindouf refugee camps and the
           risks associated with the reduction of food assistance,
                Reiterating its request for consideration of a refugee registration in the Tindouf
           refugee camps and emphasizing efforts be made in this regard,
                 Recalling United Nations Security Council resolutions 1325 and 2250 and
           related resolutions; stressing the importance of a commitment by the parties to
           continue the process of negotiations through the United Nations -sponsored talks and
           encouraging the full, effective and meaningful participation of women and active and
           meaningful participation of youth in these talks,
                Recognizing that the status quo is not acceptable, and noting further that
           progress in negotiations is essential in order to improve the qu ality of life of the
           people of Western Sahara in all its aspects,
                Affirming its full support for Special Representative of the Secretary-General
           for Western Sahara and Head of MINURSO Colin Stewart,
                Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 3 October 2018
           (S/2018/889),
                1.    Decides to extend the mandate of MINURSO until 30 April 2019;
                 2.    Emphasizes the need to achieve a realistic, practicable and enduring
           political solution to the question of Western Sahara based on compromise and the
           importance of aligning the strategic focus of MINURSO and orienting resources of
           the United Nations to this end;
                 3.    Expresses its full support for the intention of the Secretary-General and
           his Personal Envoy to initiate a renewed negotiations process before the end of 2018;
           notes that invitations to an initial roundtable meeting in Geneva on 5 and 6 December
           2018 were sent on 28 September 2018, welcomes that Morocco, the Frente Polisario,
           Algeria, and Mauritania have responded positively, and encourages them to work
           constructively with the Personal Envoy, in the spirit of compromise, throughout the
           duration of this process to ensure a successful outcome;
                 4.   Calls upon the parties to resume negotiations under the auspices of the
           Secretary-General without preconditions and in good faith, taking into account the
           efforts made since 2006 and subsequent developments with a view to achieving a just,
           lasting, and mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the self -
           determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements
           consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and
           noting the role and responsibilities of the parties in this respect;
                5.    Invites Member States to lend appropriate assistance to these talks;
                6.    Reaffirms the need for full respect of the military agreements reached with
           MINURSO with regard to the ceasefire and calls on the parties to adhere fully to
           those agreements;
                 7.    Calls upon the parties to respect their relevant obligations and assurances,
           and refrain from any actions that could undermine UN-facilitated negotiations or
           further destabilize the situation in the Western Sahara, and further calls on the Frente
           Polisario to fully adhere to its commitments to the Personal Envoy with respect to Bir
           Lahlou, Tifariti, and the buffer strip at Guerguerat;
                8.    Calls upon all parties to cooperate fully with the operations of MINURSO,
           including its free interaction with all interlocutors, and to take the necessary steps to

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               ensure the security of as well as unhindered movement and immediate access for the
               United Nations and associated personnel in carrying out their mandate, in conformity
               with existing agreements;
                     9.    Emphasizes the importance of a renewed commitment by the parties to
               advancing the political process in preparation for a fifth round of negotiations, recalls
               its endorsement of the recommendation in the report of 14 April 2008 (S/2008/251)
               that realism and a spirit of compromise by the parties are essential to achieve progres s
               in negotiations, and encourages the neighboring countries to make important, active
               contributions to this process;
                    10. Calls upon the parties to show political will and work in an atmosphere
               propitious for dialogue in order to advance negotiations, thus ensuring
               implementation of resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008), 1871 (2009),
               1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), 2044 (2012), 2099 (2013), 2152 (2014), 2218 (2015), 2285
               (2016), 2351 (2017), and 2414 (2018) and the success of negotiations;
                     11. Requests the Secretary-General to brief the Security Council on a regular
               basis, and at any time he deems appropriate during the mandate period, to include
               within three months of this mandate’s renewal and again prior to its expiration, on
               the status and progress of these negotiations under his auspices, on the
               implementation of this resolution, challenges to MINURSO’s operations and steps
               taken to address them, expresses its intention to meet to receive and discuss his
               briefings and in this regard, further requests the Secretary-General to provide a report
               on the situation in Western Sahara well before the end of the mandate period;
                     12. Reaffirms its support for the development of a comprehensive and
               integrated performance policy framework that identifies clear standards of
               performance for evaluating all United Nations civilian and uniformed personnel
               working in and supporting peacekeeping operations, and calls on the United Nations
               to apply this framework to MINURSO, requests the Secretary-General to seek to
               increase the number of women in MINURSO, as well as to ensure the meaningful
               participation of women in all aspects of operations;
                    13. Urges the parties and neighboring states to engage productively with
               MINURSO as it further considers how new technologies ca n be used to reduce risk,
               improve force protection, and better implement its mandate;
                     14. Encourages the parties to cooperate with the Office of the United Nations
               High Commissioner for Refugees to identify and implement confidence -building
               measures, including to engage women and youth, and encourages neighboring states
               to support these efforts;
                     15. Urges Member States to provide new and additional voluntary
               contributions to fund food programmes to ensure that the humanitarian needs of
               refugees are adequately addressed and avoid reductions in food rations;
                     16. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take all necessary measures
               to ensure full compliance in MINURSO with the United Nations zero -tolerance policy
               on sexual exploitation and abuse and to keep the Council informed, and urges troopcontributing countries to take preventive action including predeployment awareness
               training, and other action to ensure full accountability in cases of such conduct
               involving their personnel;
                    17.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2440 (2018) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 30 Apr. 2019]

S/73 [45] UN MISSION FOR THE REFERENDUM IN WESTERN SAHARA
S/73 [44] WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION
S/ X The situation concerning Western Sahara.

UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|UN. Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|WESTERN SAHARA|NEGOTIATION|PEACE AGREEMENTS|WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION

Northern Africa|Sub-Saharan Africa|Western Europe


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2441 (2018)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                5 November 2018

               Resolution 2441 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8389th meeting, on
               5 November 2018

                    The Security Council,
                      Recalling the arms embargo, travel ban, assets freeze and measures concerning
               illicit oil exports which were imposed and modified by resolutions 1970 (2011), 1973
               (2011), 2009 (2011), 2040 (2012), 2095 (2013), 2144 (2014), 2146 (2014), 2174
               (2014), 2213 (2015), 2278 (2016), 2292 (2016), 2357 (2017), 2362 (2018), 2420
               (2018) (the Measures), and that the mandate of the Panel of Experts established by
               paragraph 24 of resolution 1973 (2011) and modified by resolutions 2040 (2012),
               2146 (2014), 2174 (2014), 2213 (2015) and 2278 (2016) was extended until
               15 November 2018 by resolution 2362 (2017),
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and national unity of Libya,
                    Recalling resolution 2259 (2015) which welcomed the signing of the
               17 December 2015 Libyan Political Agreement of Skhirat, M orocco and endorsed the
               Rome Communiqué of 13 December 2015 to support the Government of National
               Accord (GNA) as the sole legitimate government of Libya, that should be based in
               Tripoli, and further expressing its determination in this regard to support the
               Government of National Accord,
                     Welcoming endorsement in principle of the Libyan Political Agreement (LPA)
               by the House of Representatives on 25 January 2016 and the subsequent meetings of
               the Libyan Political dialogue which reaffirmed its commitment to uphold the LPA,
               and reaffirming that the LPA remains the only viable framework to end the Libyan
               political crisis, and its implementation remains key to holding elections and finalising
               the political transition,
                     Underlining the primary responsibility of the GNA in taking appropriate action
               to prevent the illicit export of petroleum, including crude oil and refined petroleum
               products, from Libya and reaffirming the importance of international support for
               Libyan sovereignty over its territory and resources,
                    Expressing its concern that the illicit export of petroleum, including crude oil
               and refined petroleum products, from Libya undermines the Government of National
               Accord and poses a threat to the peace, security and stability of Libya,

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                     Expressing support for Libyan efforts to resolve peacefully the disruptions of
               Libya’s energy exports and reiterating that control of all facilities should be
               transferred back to the proper authorities,
                     Further reiterating its concern about activities which could damage the integrity
               and unity of Libyan State financial institutions and the National Oil Corporation
               (NOC), recalling events in the Oil Crescent and the Security Council’s Press
               Statement of 19 July 2018 welcoming the announcement that Libya ’s NOC had
               resumed its work on behalf, and for the benefit, of all Libyans, and stressing the need
               for the Government of National Accord to exercise sole and effective oversight over
               the National Oil Corporation, the Central Bank of Libya, and the Libyan Investment
               Authority as a matter of urgency, without prejudice to future constitutional
               arrangements pursuant to the Libyan Political Agreement,
                     Further recalling resolution 2259 (2015) which called on Member States to
               cease support to and official contact with parallel institutions claiming to be the
               legitimate authority, but which were outside the Libyan Political Agreement, as
               specified by it,
                     Recalling that international law, as reflected in the United Nations Convention
               on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982, sets out the legal framework applicable
               to activities in the oceans and seas,
                     Further recalling resolutions 2292 (2016), 2357 (2017) and 2420 (2018) which
               in relation to the implementation of the arms embargo authorise, for the period of
               time specified by those resolutions, the inspection on the high seas off the coast of
               Libya of vessels bound to or from Libya believed to be carrying arms or related
               materiel in violation of relevant Security Council resolutions, and the seizure and
               disposal of such items provided that Member States make good faith efforts to first
               obtain the consent of the vessel’s flag State prior to any inspections while acting in
               accordance with those resolutions,
                     Reaffirming the importance of holding accountable those responsible for
               violations or abuses of human rights or violations of international humanitarian law,
               including those involved in attacks targeting civilians and stressing the need to
               transfer detainees to State authority,
                     Reiterating its expression of support for the Government of National Accord, as
               stated in paragraph 3 of resolution 2259 (2015), and noting in this regard the specific
               requests made to the Government of National Accord in this resolution,
                     Reiterating its request that all Member States fully support the efforts of the
               Special Representative of the Secretary-General and work with the Libyan authorities
               and United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) to develop a coordinated
               package of support to build the capacity of the Government of National Accord, in
               line with Libyan priorities and in response to requests for assistance,
                     Determining that the situation in Libya continues to constitute a threat to
               international peace and security,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

               Prevention of Illicit Exports of Petroleum, including Crude Oil and Refined
               Petroleum Products
                     1.   Condemns attempts to illicitly export petroleum, including crude oil and
               refined petroleum products, from Libya, including by parallel institutions which are
               not acting under the authority of the Government of National Accord;

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                2.    Decides to extend until 15 February 2020 the authorizations provided by
           and the measures imposed by resolution 2146 (2014), and decides further that the
           authorisations provided by and the measures imposed by that resolution shall apply
           with respect to vessels loading, transporting, or discharging petroleum, including
           crude oil and refined petroleum products, illicitly exported or attempted to be
           exported from Libya;
                 3.    Welcomes the appointment by the Government of National Accord and
           notification to the Committee established pursuant to paragraph 24 of resolution 1970
           (2011) (the Committee) of a focal point responsible for communication with the
           Committee with respect to the measures in resolution 2146 (2014), requests the focal
           point to continue to inform the Committee of any vessels transporting petroleum,
           including crude oil and refined petroleum products, illicitly exported from Libya, and
           urges the Government of National Accord to work closely with the National Oil
           Company in that regard, and to provide regular updates to inform the Committee on
           ports, oil fields, and installations that are under its control, and to inform the
           Committee about the mechanism used to certify legal exports of petroleum, including
           crude oil and refined petroleum products;
                  4.    Calls on the Government of National Accord, on the basis of any
           information regarding such exports or attempted exports, to expeditiously contact the
           concerned vessel’s flag State, in the first instance, to resolve the issue and directs the
           Committee to immediately inform all relevant Member States about notifications to
           the Committee from the Government of National Accord ’s focal point regarding
           vessels transporting petroleum, including crude oil and refined petroleum products,
           illicitly exported from Libya;

           Effective Oversight of the Financial Institutions
               5.    Requests that the Government of National Accord confirm to the
           Committee as soon as it exercises sole and effective oversight over the National Oil
           Corporation, the Central Bank of Libya, and the Libyan Investment Authority;

           Arms Embargo
                 6.   Welcomes the appointment by the Government of National Accord of a
           focal point pursuant to paragraph 6 of resolution 2278, takes note of the briefing
           provided by the focal point to the Committee on the structure of the security forces
           under its control, the infrastructure in place to ensure the safe storage, registration,
           maintenance and distribution of military equipment by the Governm ent security
           forces, and training needs, continues to emphasise the importance of the Government
           of National Accord exercising control over and safely storing arms, with the support
           of the international community, and stresses that ensuring security and defending
           Libya from terrorism must be the task of unified and strengthened national security
           forces under the sole authority of the Government of National Accord within the
           framework of the Libyan Political Agreement;
                7.     Affirms that the Government of National Accord may submit requests
           under paragraph 8 of resolution 2174 (2014) for the supply, sale or transfer of arms
           and related materiel, including related ammunition and spare parts, for the use by
           security forces under its control to combat the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant
           (ISIL, also known as Da’esh), groups that have pledged allegiance to ISIL, Al-Qaida,
           Ansar Al Sharia, and other associated groups operating in Libya, calls upon the
           Committee to consider expeditiously such requests, and affirms the Security
           Council’s readiness to consider reviewing the arms embargo, when appropriate;
                 8.   Urges Member States to assist the Government of National Accord, upon
           its request, by providing it with the necessary security and capacity-building

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               assistance, in response to threats to Libyan security and in defeating ISIL, groups that
               have pledged allegiance to ISIL, Al-Qaida, Ansar Al Sharia, and other associated
               groups operating in Libya;
                     9.    Urges the Government of National Accord to improve further the
               monitoring and control of arms or related materiel that are supplied, sold or
               transferred to Libya in accordance with paragraph 9 (c) of resolution 1970 (2011) or
               paragraph 8 of resolution 2174 (2014), including through the use of end user
               certificates issued by the Government of National Accord, requests the Panel of
               Experts established by paragraph 24 of resolution 1973 (2011) to consult with the
               Government of National Accord about the safeguards needed to safely procure and
               secure arms and related materiel, and urges Member States and regional organizations
               to provide assistance to the Government of National Accord upon its request to
               strengthen the infrastructure and mechanisms currently in place to do so;
                    10. Calls upon the Government of National Accord to improve the
               implementation of the arms embargo, including at all entry points, as soon as it
               exercises oversight, and calls upon all Member States to cooperate in such efforts;

               Travel Ban and Asset Freeze
                     11. Reaffirms that the travel ban and asset freeze measures specified in
               paragraphs 15, 16, 17, 19, 20 and 21 of resolution 1970 (2011), as modified by
               paragraphs 14, 15 and 16 of resolution 2009 (2011) paragraph 11 of resolution 2213
               (2015) and paragraph 11 of resolution 2362 (2017), apply to individuals and entities
               designated under that resolution and under resolution 1973 (2011) and by the
               Committee established pursuant to paragraph 24 of resolution 1970 (2011), and
               reaffirms that these measures also apply to individuals and entities determined by the
               Committee to be engaging in or providing support for other acts that threaten the
               peace, stability or security of Libya, or obstruct or undermine the successful
               completion of its political transition, and reaffirms that, in addition to the acts listed
               in paragraph 11 (a)-(f) of resolution 2213 (2015), such acts may also include but are
               not limited to planning, directing, sponsoring, or participating in attacks against
               United Nations personnel, including members of the Panel of Experts established by
               paragraph 24 of resolution 1973 (2011) and modified by resolutions 2040 (2012),
               2146 (2014), 2174 (2014), 2213 (2015) and this resolution (the Panel) and decides
               that such acts may also include but are not limited to planning, directing or
               committing acts involving sexual and gender-based violence;
                     12. Calls on Member States, particularly those in which designated
               individuals and entities are based as well as those in which their assets frozen under
               the measures are suspected to be present, to report to the Committee on the actions
               they have taken to implement effectively the travel ban and asset freeze measures in
               relation to all individuals on the sanctions list, including those designated by the
               Committee on 7 June 2018 and 11 September 2018;
                    13. Reaffirms its intention to ensure that assets frozen pursuant to paragraph
               17 of resolution 1970 (2011) shall at a later stage be made available to and for the
               benefit of the Libyan people and taking note of the letter circulated as document
               S/2016/275, affirms the Security Council’s readiness to consider changes, when
               appropriate, to the asset freeze at the request of the Government of National Accord;

               Panel of Experts
                    14. Decides to extend until 15 February 2020 the mandate of the Panel of
               Experts (the Panel), established by paragraph 24 of resolution 1973 (2011) and
               modified by resolutions 2040 (2012), 2146 (2014), 2174 (2014), and 2213 (2015),
               decides that the Panel’s mandated tasks shall remain as defined in resolution 2213

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                                                                                S/RES/2441 (2018)

           (2015) and shall also apply with respect to the Measures updated in this resolution
           and requests the Panel of experts to include the necessary sexual and gender -based
           violence expertise, in line with paragraph 6 of resolution 2242 (2015);
                15. Decides that the Panel shall provide to the Council an interim report on its
           work no later than 15 June 2019, and a final report to the Council, after discussion
           with the Committee, no later than 15 December 2019 with its findings and
           recommendations;
                 16. Urges all States, relevant United Nations bodies, including UNSMIL, and
           other interested parties, to cooperate fully with the Committee and the Panel, in
           particular by supplying any information at their disposal on the implementation of the
           Measures decided in resolutions 1970 (2011), 1973 (2011), 2146 (2014) and 2174
           (2014), and modified in resolutions 2009 (2011), 2040 (2012), 2095 (2013), 2144
           (2014), 2213 (2015), 2278 (2016), 2292 (2016), 2357 (2017), 2362 (2017), 2420
           (2018) and in this resolution, in particular incidents of non-compliance, and calls on
           UNSMIL and the Government of National Accord to support Panel investigatory work
           inside Libya, including by sharing information, facilitating transit and granting access
           to weapons storage facilities, as appropriate;
                17. Calls upon all parties and all States to ensure the safety of the Panel’s
           members, and further calls upon all parties and all States, including Libya and
           countries of the region, to provide unhindered and immediate access, in particular to
           persons, documents and sites the Panel deems relevant to the execution of its mandate;
                  18. Affirms its readiness to review the appropriateness of the Measures
           contained in this resolution, including the strengthening, modification, suspension or
           lifting of the Measures, and its readiness to review the mandate of UNSMIL and the
           Panel, as may be needed at any time in light of developments in Libya;
                19.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2441 (2018) [on extension of the authorizations provided by and the measures imposed by Security Council resolution 2146 (2014) and on extension of the mandate of the Panel of Experts concerning Libya until 15 Feb. 2020]

S/73 [219] LIBYA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Libya.

UN. Panel of Experts Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1973 (2011)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|SANCTIONS|PETROLEUM|EXPORT RESTRAINTS|LIBYA|ILLICIT TRAFFIC|FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS|INTERNAL OVERSIGHT|ARMS EMBARGO|FROZEN ASSETS