               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2700 (2023)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                19 October 2023

               Resolution 2700 (2023)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9444th meeting, on
               19 October 2023

                    The Security Council,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and unity of Haiti,
                    Recalling all its previous resolutions on Haiti, in particular its resolutions 2653
               (2022), 2692 (2023), and 2699 (2023),
                     Noting with deep concern the protracted and deteriorating political,
               institutional, economic, security, human rights, humanitarian and food security crises
               in Haiti, and reaffirming its commitment to continue to support the people of Haiti,
                     Recognizing that exclusion and inequality have an impact as aggravating factors
               in the situation concerning Haiti,
                    Stressing the primary responsibility of the Government of Haiti to address
               longstanding drivers of instability and inequality,
                     Reiterating the need for all Haitian stakeholders, including with the UN
               Integrated Office in Haiti’s (BINUH) support to continue to facilitate a Haitian -led,
               Haitian-owned political process to permit the organization of free and fair legislative
               and presidential elections, conducted through a credible process, and with the full,
               equal, meaningful, and safe participation of women and the engagement of youth,
               civil society, and other relevant stakeholders through an inclusive inter -Haitian
               national dialogue, and underscoring that all Haitian stakeholders should urgently
               reach an agreement on a sustainable, time-bound and commonly accepted roadmap
               for elections and that the Government of Haiti should provide an update on the
               political process,
                     Expressing grave concern about the extremely high levels of gang violence and
               other criminal activities, including kidnappings, trafficking in persons and the
               smuggling of migrants, and homicides, and sexual and gender-based violence,
               including rape and sexual slavery, as well as ongoing impunity for perpetr ators,
               corruption and recruitment of children by gangs and the implications of Haiti’s
               situation for the region,
                    Expressing deep concern that illicit trafficking and diversion of small arms, light
               weapons, and ammunition to armed gangs in Haiti, that enga ge in persistent and
               destabilizing criminal activities, contributes to undermining the rule of law and

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               respect for human rights, can impede the provision of humanitarian assistance, and
               can have wide ranging negative humanitarian and socioeconomic conseque nces,
                     Encouraging cooperation between Member States to prevent illicit arms
               trafficking and diversion, including through providing and exchanging timely and up
               to date information in order to identify and combat illicit trafficking sources and
               supply chains,
                     Acknowledging the urgent need to address the illicit financial flows to Haiti
               which enable armed gangs to operate and pose a growing threat to the country’s
               stability, including by prioritizing breaking links between political and economic
               actors and gangs,
                     Expressing concern about the Haitian National Police’s (HNP) lack of access to
               vital ports which are largely under the control of gangs, and further demanding to stop
               any occupation of ports and fuel terminals by gangs,
                     Taking note with appreciation of the visit of the Chair of the Committee
               established pursuant to resolution 2653 (2022) (the Committee), Permanent
               Representative of Gabon to the United Nations, Ambassador Michel Xavier B iang, to
               Haiti from 12 to 13 June 2023 and the Dominican Republic from 14 to 16 June 2023,
                    Welcoming the letter dated 2 October 2023, reference: S/AC.60/2023/OC.6,
               from the Chair of the Committee to the Security Council with three recommendations
               proposed by the Panel of Experts to the Council,
                     Welcoming the launch of technical programmes by the United Nations Office on
               Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to assist national authorities to promote border and ports
               control, trace illicit financial flows, collaborate across borders to combat
               transnational crime, corruption, and drug and arms trafficking, including through the
               UNODC-World Customs Organization (WCO) Container Control Programme in Haiti
               and border management programmes, and further welcoming the Caribbean
               Community’s (CARICOM) regional roadmap to combat the trafficking of firearms,
                    Recognizing the important role of neighboring countries, regional and
               subregional organizations such as CARICOM, and other international partners,
                     Condemning attacks on and kidnappings of UN personnel, violence against
               diplomatic premises, and the looting of humanitarian aid, and recalling that the
               primary responsibility for the safety and security of UN personnel and assets rests
               with the host state,
                     Calling upon all actors in Haiti to issue clear orders prohibiting all human rights
               violations and abuses, and underscoring the necessity for all actors to ensure
               immediate, safe and unhindered access by humanitarian organizations,
                    Expressing deep concern about the detrimental effect of corruption and misuse
               of public funds on the Government of Haiti’s ability to provide services to its
               population,
                     Stressing that the measures imposed by this resolution are not intended to have
               adverse humanitarian consequences for the civilian population of Haiti, and recalling
               resolution 2664 (2022), and emphasizing the importance of rapid, safe and unhindered
               humanitarian access throughout Haiti, in a manner consistent with relevant provisions
               of international law and in line the humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality,
               neutrality and independence,
                     Recognizing the need to continuously strengthen due process and to ensure that
               fair and clear procedures exist for delisting individuals and entities designated
               pursuant to resolution 2653 (2022), further recognizing the role of UN sanctions in

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           conflict resolution and maintaining international peace and security, and emphasizing
           that the timing of sanctions relief is a key part of such efforts,
                 Determining that the situation in Haiti continues to constitute a threat to
           international peace and security in the region,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                 1.   Demands an immediate cessation of violence, criminal activities, and
           human rights abuses which undermine the peace, stability and security of Haiti and
           the region, including kidnappings, sexual and gender-based violence, trafficking in
           persons and the smuggling of migrants, and homicides, extrajudicial killings and
           recruitment of children by armed groups and criminal networks;
                 2.    Urges all political actors to constructively engage in meaningful
           negotiations to overcome the current political stalemate in order to allow the holding
           of inclusive, free and fair legislative and presidential elections, as soon as the local
           security situation permits;

           Travel Ban and Asset Freeze
                 3.   Decides to renew until one year from the date of adoption of this resolution
           the measures imposed by paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 of resolution 2653 (2022),
           reaffirms resolution 2664 (2022), and affirms that paragraphs 15 and 16 of resolution
           2653 (2022) shall continue to apply;
                 4.   Directs the Committee to consider expeditiously the update of the list of
           individuals and entities designated pursuant to resolution 2653 (2022), taking into
           account the reports submitted by the Panel of Experts;
                5.    Expresses its intention to support the further development of fair and clear
           procedures for individuals and entities designated pursuant to resolution 2653 (2022),
           including through the Focal Point for Delisting established by resolution 1730 (2006);

           Arms Embargo
                 6.    Reaffirms paragraph 14 of resolution 2699 (2023), which decided that all
           Member States shall take the necessary measures to prevent the direct or indirect
           supply, sale, or transfer to Haiti, from or through their territories or by their nationals,
           or using their flag vessels or aircraft, of small arms, light weapons, and ammunition,
           and further decided that this measure shall not apply to:
                 (a) The supply, sale, or transfer of small arms, light weapons, or ammunition
           to the UN or a UN-authorized mission or to a security unit that operates under the
           command of the Government of Haiti, intended to be used by or in coordination with
           those entities and intended solely to further the objectives of peace and stability in
           Haiti;
                 (b) Other supplies, sales, or transfers of small arms, light weapons, and
           ammunition to Haiti as approved in advance by the Committee established pursuant
           to resolution 2653 (2022) to further the objectives of peace and stability in Haiti;
                 7.   Decides to extend the measure described in paragraph 6 of this resolution
           until one year from the date of adoption of this resolution;
                  8.     Decides that Member States shall take appropriate steps to prevent the
           illicit trafficking and diversion of small arms, light weapons, and ammunition in
           Haiti;
                9.    Affirms that the exemption contained in paragraph 6 (a) of this resolution
           applies to, inter alia, the UN, BINUH, the Multinational Security Support (MSS)

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               Mission authorized by resolution 2699 (2023), the HNP, and the Armed Forces of
               Haiti;
                     10. Encourages Member States to ensure adequate marking and recordkeeping
               measures are in place to trace arms, including small arms and light weapons, in
               accordance with the international and regional instruments to which they are parties,
               and to consider how best to assist, where relevant and upon their request, neighboring
               countries in preventing and detecting illicit trafficking and diversion in violation of
               measures imposed in paragraphs 6–7 of this resolution;
                      11. Calls upon all States, in particular countries in the region, to inspect, in
               accordance with their national authorities and legislation, and consistent with
               international law, all cargo to Haiti in their territory, including seaports and airports,
               if the State concerned has information that provides reasonable grounds to believe the
               cargo contains items the supply, sale, or transfer of which is prohibited by paragraphs
               6–7 of this resolution, and to submit a written report to the Committee if such
               inspections result in the seizure of such items, and to invite the Panel of Experts
               established pursuant to resolution 2653 (2022) to inspect the seized items;
                     12. Encourages regional land, air, and maritime cooperation, as applicable, to
               detect and prevent violations of measures imposed in paragraphs 6 –7 of this
               resolution, as well as to report cases of violations in a timely manner to the
               Committee;
                    13. Encourages the Government of Haiti to reinforce the weapons and
               ammunition management capacity of the HNP through proper marking,
               recordkeeping, storage, and disposal of their stockpiles of weapons and ammunition,
               as well as of seized weapons and ammunition;
                    14. Calls upon the MSS mission to implement weapons and ammunition
               management processes and oversight mechanisms for their weapons and ammunition,
               and further calls upon the MSS Mission to report any diversion of weapons and
               ammunition, including through loss and theft, to the Panel of Experts established
               pursuant to resolution 2653 (2022);
                     15. Further calls upon the MSS Mission to cooperate with the Government of
               Haiti’s efforts to reinforce their weapons and ammunition management, as
               appropriate;
                     16. Demands that States ensure that all measures taken by them to implement
               this resolution comply with their obligations under international law, including
               international humanitarian law, international human rights law and international
               refugee law, as applicable;
                      17. Calls upon Member States to protect Haitian refugees and migrants in their
               territories in accordance with international human rights law;

               Sanctions Committee and Panel of Experts
                     18. Decides that the mandate of the Committee, as set out in paragraph 19 of
               resolution 2653 (2022), shall apply with respect to the measures imposed in this
               resolution;
                     19. Decides to extend for a period of 13 months from the date of adoption of
               this resolution the mandate of the Panel of Experts, as specified in paragraph 21 of
               resolution 2653 (2022), and further decides that this mandate shall also apply with
               respect to the measures imposed in this resolution;

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                  20. Requests that the Panel of Experts provide to the Security Council, after
           discussion with the Committee, an interim report by 29 March 2024, a final report no
           later than 1 October 2024, and periodic updates in between;
                21. Directs the Panel to cooperate with BINUH, the UNODC, CARICOM, and
           relevant expert groups established by the Security Council to support the work of i ts
           Sanctions Committees;
                22. Urges all parties and all Member States, as well as international, regional
           and subregional organizations, and the MSS Mission to ensure cooperation with the
           Panel of Experts and further urges all Member States involved to en sure the safety of
           the members of the Panel of Experts and unhindered access, in particular to persons,
           documents and sites in order for the Panel to execute its mandate;
                 23. Notes that the selection process of the experts composing the Panel should
           prioritize appointing individuals with the strongest qualifications to fulfill the duties
           described above while paying due regard to the importance of regional and gender
           representation in the recruitment process;

           Review
                 24. Affirms that it shall keep the situation in Haiti under continuous review
           and that it shall be prepared to review the appropriateness of the measures contained
           in this resolution, including the strengthening, modification, suspension or lifting of
           the measures, as may be needed at any time in light of progress achieved on the
           following key benchmarks:
                 (a) When the Government of Haiti has developed adequate judicial and rule
           of law capacity to address armed groups and criminal-related activities;
                 (b) Progressive reduction in the amount of violence committed by armed
           groups and criminal networks, including the number of intentional homicides,
           kidnappings and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence, as measured on an
           annual basis, beginning over the initial period of twelve months from adoption of this
           resolution;
                (c) Progressive decrease in the number of incidents of illicit trafficking and
           diversion of arms, as well as illicit financial flows there from, including by increasing
           the number and volume of arms seizures;
                25. Requests in this regard the Secretary-General, in close coordination with
           the Panel of Experts, to conduct, no later than 1 October 2024, an assessment of
           progress achieved on the key benchmarks established in the paragraph above;
                 26. Invites the UNODC to work with BINUH and the Panel of Experts, as
           appropriate, and to report to the Committee on recommendations to stem illicit financial
           flows and trafficking and diversion of arms in Haiti, and recalls paragraph 9 of
           resolution 2692 (2023), which requested that UNODC report to the Security Council
           every three months, concurrent with the reporting cycle of BINUH, through the
           Secretary General;
                27.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2700 (2023) [on extension of the measures imposed by Security Council resolution 2653 (2022) and on extension of the mandate of the Panel of Experts concerning Haiti for a period of 13 months]

UN. Panel of Experts Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 2653 (2022) concerning Haiti|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 2653 (2022) concerning Haiti|Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti|UN Integrated Office in Haiti|UN Office on Drugs and Crime|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS|FROZEN ASSETS|SANCTIONS|ARMS EMBARGO|INTERNAL SECURITY|GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE|TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS|HAITI|HAITI QUESTION


               United Nations                                                                 S/RES/2701 (2023)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               19 October 2023

               Resolution 2701 (2023)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9445th meeting, on
               19 October 2023

                    The Security Council,
                      Recalling the arms embargo, travel ban, assets freeze and measures concerning
               illicit oil exports which were imposed and modified by resolutions 1970 (2011) and
               2146 (2014), and modified by subsequent resolutions including resolutions 2441
               (2018), 2509 (2020), 2526 (2020), 2571 (2021), and 2664 (2022), and that the
               mandate of the Panel of Experts established by paragraph 24 of resolution 1973 (2011)
               and modified by subsequent resolutions was extended until 15 November 2023 by
               resolution 2644 (2022), and also recalling resolution 2616 (2021),
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and national unity of Libya,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to an inclusive, Libyan-led and Libyanowned political process, facilitated by the United Nations and supported by the
               international community, which builds on progress achieved in negotiations thus far,
               and enables the holding of free, fair, transparent and inclusive national presidential
               and parliamentary elections across Libya as soon as possible,
                     Renewing its request that all Member States support fully the efforts of the
               United Nations, and its call on Member States to use their influence with the parties
               to implement and uphold the ceasefire and support the Libyan-led and Libyan owned
               inclusive political process,
                     Expressing serious concern about violent clashes in Tripoli on 14 August 2023
               and the overall fragility of the security situation in Libya, and underlining the need
               for progress on the political and security tracks, including by continuing the efforts
               of the 5+5 Joint Military Commission towards reunification of the Libyan military
               and security institutions,
                     Calling for Member States to implement fully the existing measures and to
               report violations to the United Nations Sanctions Committee, and recalling in that
               regard that individuals or entities engaging in, or providing support for, acts that
               threaten the peace, stability or security of Libya may be designated for targeted
               sanctions,
                     Reaffirming that all parties must comply with their obligations under
               international humanitarian law and international human rights law, as applicable, and
               emphasising the importance of holding accountable those responsible for violations

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               or abuses of human rights or violations of international humanitarian law, including
               those involved in attacks targeting civilians,
                     Stressing that the measures imposed by this resolution are not intended to have
               adverse humanitarian consequences for the civilian population of Libya, and recalling
               resolution 2664 (2022),
                    Expressing its concern that the illicit export of petroleum, including crude oil
               and refined petroleum products, from Libya undermines the Government of Libya
               and National Oil Corporation and poses a threat to the peace, security and stability of
               Libya, noting with concern the reports of the illicit import of petroleum, including
               crude oil and refined petroleum products to Libya, and emphasising the crucial role
               of the focal point appointed pursuant to resolution 2146 (2014) in safeguarding
               Libyan resources for the benefit of its people,
                     Recalling that providing support for armed groups or criminal networks thro ugh
               the illicit exploitation of crude oil or any other natural resources in Libya may
               constitute acts that threaten the peace, stability and security of Libya,
                     Further reiterating its concern about activities which could damage the integrity
               and unity of Libyan State financial institutions and the National Oil Corporation, and
               stressing the need for the unification of Libya’s institutions, and, in this regard, taking
               note of the announcement to further the unification of the Central Bank of Libya by
               its Governor and Deputy Governor on 20 August 2023,
                    Noting the Libyan Investment Authority’s (LIA) increasing cooperation with the
               Panel of Experts and calling on the LIA to continue its effort to offer an accurate
               consolidated financial statement in accordance with international standards and to
               provide financial statements of its subsidiaries,
                     Recalling that international law, as reflected in the United Nations Convention
               on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982, sets out the legal framework applicable
               to activities in the oceans and seas,
                     Further recalling resolutions 2292 (2016), 2357 (2017), 2420 (2018), 2473
               (2019), 2526 (2020), 2578 (2021) 2635 (2022) and 2684 (2023) which in relation to
               the implementation of the arms embargo authorise, for the period of time specified
               by those resolutions, the inspection on the high seas off the coast of Libya of vessels
               bound to or from Libya believed to be carrying arms or related materiel in violation
               of relevant Security Council resolutions, and the seizure and disposal of such items
               provided that Member States make good faith efforts to first obtain the consent of the
               vessel’s flag State prior to any inspections while acting in accordance with those
               resolutions,
                     Determining that the situation in Libya continues to constitute a threat to
               international peace and security,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

               Prevention of Illicit Exports of Petroleum, including Crude Oil and Refined
               Petroleum Products
                     1.   Condemns attempts to illicitly export petroleum, including crude oil and
               refined petroleum products, from Libya, including by parallel institutions which are
               not acting under the authority of the Government of Libya;
                    2.   Decides to extend until 1 February 2025 the authorisations and the
               measures in resolution 2146 (2014), as amended by paragraph 2 of resolutions 2441
               (2018) and 2509 (2020);

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                 3.    Requests the Government of Libya’s focal point responsible for
           communication with the Committee with respect to the measures in resolution 2146
           (2014) to inform the Committee of any vessels transporting petroleum, inc luding
           crude oil and refined petroleum products, illicitly exported from Libya, urges the
           Government of Libya to work closely with the National Oil Corporation in that
           regard, and to provide the Committee with regular updates on ports, oil fields, and
           installations that are under its control, and to inform the Committee about the
           mechanism used to certify legal exports of petroleum, including crude oil and refined
           petroleum products, and requests that the Panel of Experts closely follow and report
           to the Committee any information relating to the illicit export from or illicit import
           to Libya of petroleum, including crude oil and refined petroleum products;
                 4.    Calls on the Government of Libya, on the basis of any information
           regarding such exports or attempted exports, to expeditiously contact the concerned
           vessel’s flag State, in the first instance, to resolve the issue, and directs the Committee
           to immediately inform all relevant Member States about notifications to the
           Committee from the Government of Libya’s focal point regarding vessels transporting
           petroleum, including crude oil and refined petroleum products, illicitly exported from
           Libya;

           Arms Embargo
                 5.    Expresses serious concern over continued violations of the arms embargo,
           demands full compliance by all Member States with the arms embargo, calls on all
           Member States not to intervene in the conflict or take measures that exacerbate the
           conflict and reiterates that individuals and entities determined by the Committee to
           have violated the provisions of resolution 1970 (2011), including the arms embargo,
           or assisted others in doing so, are subject to designation;
                6.    Reiterates paragraphs 9 (a), (b) and (c) of resolution 1970 (2011),
           paragraph 13 of resolution 2009 (2011), paragraphs 9 and 10 of resolution 2095
           (2013), and paragraph 8 of resolution 2174 (2014), which decided that the measures
           imposed by paragraph 9 of resolution 1970 (2011), no longer applied to the sale,
           supply or transfer to Libya of:
                (a) protective clothing, including flak jackets and military helmets,
           temporarily exported to Libya by United Nations personnel, representatives of the
           media and humanitarian and development works and associated personnel, for their
           personal use only;
                (b) small arms, light weapons and related materiel, temporarily exported to
           Libya for the sole use of United Nations personnel, representatives of the media and
           humanitarian and development works and associated personnel, as notified to the
           Committee in advance and in the absence of a negative decision by the Committee
           within five working days of such a notification;
                (c) non-lethal military equipment intended solely for humanitarian or
           protective use, and the provision of any related technical assistance or trai ning;
                 (d) non-lethal military equipment, and the provision of any technical
           assistance, training or financial assistance, when intended solely for security or
           disarmament assistance to the Libyan Government;
                 (e) arms and related materiel of all types, including technical assistance,
           training, financial and other assistance, as approved in advance by the Committee;
                 7.     Expresses concern about the high terrorism risk in Libya, takes note of
           efforts to reduce the risk of terrorism in Libya, and, in this regard, recalls paragraphs 3
           and 7 of resolution 2214 (2015);

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                     8.    Calls on all parties to implement the 23 October 2020 ceasefire agreement
               in full and urges Member States to respect and support the full implementation of the
               agreement, including through the withdrawal of all foreign forces, foreign fighters
               and mercenaries from Libya without further delay;
                     9.   Calls upon the Government of Libya to improve the implementation of the
               arms embargo, including at all entry points, as soon as it exercises oversight and calls
               upon all Member States to cooperate in such efforts, recalls paragraph 6 of resolution
               2278 (2016) and paragraph 6 of resolution 2362 (2017), and requests the Government
               of Libya, including through its focal point appointed pursuant to paragraph 6 of
               resolution 2278 (2016), as previously requested by the Committee, to provide updated
               information, relevant to the Committee’s work, on the structure of the security forces
               under its control and other relevant information listed in paragraph 6 of resolution
               2278 (2016);
                     10. Expresses its readiness to consider the sale, supply or transfer to Libya of
               military equipment, and the provision of technical assistance, training or financial
               assistance by Member States, for the reunified and joint military units, under the
               auspices of the 5+5 Joint Military Commission (JMC) and the two Chiefs of Staff,
               once their formation is complete, as an initial step in the overall reunification of
               Libya’s military and security institutions;

               Travel Ban and Asset Freeze
                     11. Calls on Member States, particularly those in which designated
               individuals and entities are based, as well as those in which their assets frozen under
               the measures are suspected to be present, to report to the Committee on the actions
               they have taken to implement effectively the travel ban and asset freeze measures in
               relation to all individuals on the sanctions list;
                     12. Reiterates that all States shall take the necessary measures to prevent entry
               into or transit through their territories of all persons designated by the Committee, i n
               accordance with paragraphs 15 and 16 of 1970, as modified by paragraphs 11 of
               resolution 2213 (2015), 11 of resolution 2362 (2017) and 11 of resolution 2441 (2018)
               and calls upon the Government of Libya to enhance cooperation and information
               sharing with other States in this regard;
                    13. Takes note of requests to de-list a number of designated individuals and
               underscores the importance of the Committee considering these requests, as
               appropriate and in line with resolution 1730 (2006);
                     14. Reaffirms its intention to ensure that assets frozen pursuant to paragraph 17
               of resolution 1970 (2011) shall at a later stage be made available to and for the benefit
               of the Libyan people, and calls upon all relevant Member States to protect frozen
               assets for the future benefit of the Libyan people, including by preventing misuse and
               misappropriation of frozen assets;
                     15. Takes note of the letter circulated as document S/2016/275, and the recent
               request from the Chairman of the LIA Board of Directors regard ing the preservation
               of frozen LIA assets, acknowledges the intention of the LIA to develop an investment
               plan, affirms the Security Council’s readiness to consider changes, when appropriate,
               to the asset freeze at the request of the Government of Libya, including allowing the
               LIA, which is under a specific asset freeze measure, to reinvest frozen liquid assets
               for the purpose of preserving their value and benefiting the Libyan people at a later
               stage, taking into consideration the LIA’s investment plan, reporting and
               recommendations by the Panel of Experts, and meaningful progress made through an
               inclusive Libyan-led and Libyan-owned political process, and requests the Panel of
               Experts to provide recommendations in their final report, requested in p aragraph 18

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           of this resolution, on possible actions that could enable the reinvestment of the LIA’s
           frozen assets for the purpose of preserving their value and benefiting the Libyan
           people at a later stage;
                 16. Recalls resolution 2174 (2014) which decided that the measures set out in
           resolution 1970 (2011), as modified by subsequent resolutions, shall also apply to
           individuals and entities determined by the Committee to be engaging in or providing
           support for other acts that threaten the peace, stability or security of Libya, or obstruct
           or undermine the successful completion of its political transition and underlines that
           such acts could include obstructing or undermining elections as planned for in the
           Libyan Political Dialogue Forum roadmap;

           Panel of Experts
                17. Decides to extend until 15 February 2025 the mandate of the Panel of
           Experts (the Panel), established by paragraph 24 of resolution 1973 (2011) and
           modified by resolutions 2040 (2012), 2146 (2014), 2174 (2014), 2213 (2015), 2441
           (2018), 2509 (2020) 2571 (2021) and 2644 (2022), and decides that the Panel’s
           mandated tasks shall remain as defined in resolution 2213 (2015) and shall also apply
           with respect to the measures updated in this resolution, and expresses its intent to
           review the mandate and take appropriate action regarding further extension no later
           than 15 January 2025;
                18. Decides that the Panel shall provide to the Council an interim report on its
           work no later than 15 June 2024, and a final report to the Council, after discussion
           with the Committee, no later than 15 December 2024 with its findings and
           recommendations;
                 19. Urges all States, relevant United Nations bodies, including the United
           Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), and other interested parties, to
           cooperate fully with the Committee and the Panel, in particular by supplying any
           information at their disposal on the implementation of the measures decided in
           resolutions 1970 (2011), 1973 (2011), 2146 (2014) and 2174 (2014), and modified in
           resolutions 2009 (2011), 2040 (2012), 2095 (2013), 2144 (2014), 2213 (2015), 2278
           (2016), 2292 (2016), 2357 (2017), 2362 (2017), 2420 (2018), 2441 (2018), 2473
           (2019), 2509 (2020), 2526 (2020), 2571 (2021), and 2644 (2022), in particular
           incidents of non-compliance, and calls on UNSMIL and the Government of Libya to
           support Panel investigatory work inside Libya, including by sharing information,
           facilitating transit and granting access to weapons storage facilities, as appropriate;
                20. Calls upon all parties and all States to ensure the safety of the Panel’s
           members, and further calls upon all parties and all States, including Libya and
           countries of the region, to provide unhindered and immediate access, in particular to
           persons, documents and sites the Panel deems relevant to the execution of its mandate;
                  21. Affirms its readiness to review the appropriateness of the measures
           contained in this resolution, including the strengthening, modification, suspension or
           lifting of the measures, and its readiness to review the mandate of th e Panel, as may
           be needed at any time in light of developments in Libya;
                22.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2701 (2023) [on extension of the authorizations provided by and the measures imposed by Security Council resolution 2146 (2014) and on extension of the mandate of the Panel of Experts concerning Libya until 15 Feb. 2025]

S/78 [219] LIBYA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Libya.

UN. Panel of Experts Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1973 (2011)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|LIBYA|EXPORT RESTRAINTS|ARMS EMBARGO|PETROLEUM|ILLICIT TRAFFIC|TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS|FROZEN ASSETS|SANCTIONS


Middle East, including Palestinian question

The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question


               United Nations                                                                  S/RES/2704 (2023)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                30 October 2023

               Resolution 2704 (2023)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9461st meeting, on
               30 October 2023

                    The Security Council,
                   Reaffirming its full commitment to the peace process in the Republic of
               Colombia,
                    Recalling all its resolutions and Presidential and press statements regarding the
               peace process in Colombia,
                     Welcoming the progress made towards peace across Colombia since the adoption
               of the Final Agreement for Ending the Conflict and Building a Stable and Lasting
               Peace (the Final Agreement), urging the parties, with the support of relevant state
               institutions and security forces, as well as civil society including youth , to work
               together to continue building upon this progress and address ongoing challenges, in
               particular the continued violence in conflict-affected areas, through comprehensive
               implementation of the Final Agreement, including rural reform, inclusive polit ical
               participation, its ethnic and gender provisions, and countering illicit drugs including
               through crop substitution programmes, and recalling the disproportionate impact of
               the conflict on women and its effects on persons belonging to indigenous and Afr o-Colombian communities,
                     Taking note of the engagement of the Peacebuilding Commission with the
               Government of Colombia and looking forward to further cooperation, including with
               the relevant UN agencies, in order to ensure an integrated and coherent appro ach to
               the comprehensive implementation of the Final Agreement,
                     Recalling in particular its resolution 2366 (2017) which established the United
               Nations Verification Mission in Colombia (the Verification Mission) to verify
               implementation by the Government of Colombia and Revolutionary Armed Forces of
               Colombia (FARC-EP) of sections 3.2 and 3.4 of the Final Agreement as called for in
               section 6.3.3 of the Final Agreement, and recalling the positive role played by the
               Verification Mission in that regard, emphasising the efforts of the UN Verification
               Mission in Colombia to continue to integrate a gender perspective as a cross -cutting
               issue into its planning, verification and reporting, and recognising the importance of
               other perspectives including development, and ensuring adequate gender expertise as
               appropriate,
                     Recalling also its resolution 2574 (2021) which expanded the mandate of the
               Verification Mission to include the additional task of verifying compliance with and

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*2321043*

S/RES/2704 (2023)

               implementation of the sentences to be issued by the Special Jurisdiction for Peace
               (SJP), and welcoming the ongoing preparations being made by the Verification
               Mission, working with the SJP, in this regard,
                     Noting that, under the terms of the Final Agreement, the sentences of the SJP
               will have the overall aim of realising the rights of victims and consolidating peace,
               and will need to have the greatest restorative and reparative function in relation to the
               harm caused,
                     Recognising the contribution the Verification Mission could make to buildin g
               confidence in the Comprehensive System for Truth, Justice, Reparation and
               Non-Repetition established under the Final Agreement, which is integral to the
               success of the peace process and the fulfilment of the rights of the victims of the
               conflict,
                     Recalling its resolution 2673 (2023) which expanded the mandate of the
               Verification Mission to include the additional task of monitoring the implementation
               of section 1 on comprehensive rural reform and section 6.2 on the Ethnic Chapter of
               the Final Agreement,
                     Recalling also its resolution 2694 (2023) which expanded the mandate of the
               Verification Mission to monitor and verify the implementation of the ceasefire as
               outlined in the Second Cuba Agreement between the Government of Colombia and
               the Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN); and expressing its willingness consider
               mandating the Verification Mission to monitor and verify the implementation of a
               ceasefire agreement between the Government of Colombia and the armed group that
               calls itself Estado Mayor Central (EMC) when the Secretary-General confirms a
               ceasefire including appropriate verification protocols has been reached, and taking
               into account an update from the Secretary-General on the progress of implementation
               of resolution 2694 (2023),
                    1.    Decides to extend the mandate of the Verification Mission until 31 October
               2024;
                    2.    Expresses its willingness to work with the Government of Colombia on
               the further extension of the mandate of the Verification Mission on the basis of
               agreement between the parties.

2/2                                                                                23-21043

Security Council resolution 2704 (2023) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Verification Mission in Colombia until 31 Oct. 2024]

S/ X Identical letters dated 19 January 2016 from the Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council (S/2016/53).
S/78 [302] COLOMBIA--POLITICAL CONDITIONS

UN Verification Mission in Colombia|Final Agreement for Ending the Conflict and Building a Stable and Lasting Peace in Colombia (2016)|COLOMBIA|VERIFICATION|PEACE AGREEMENTS|SPECIAL MISSIONS


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2703 (2023)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               30 October 2023

               Resolution 2703 (2023)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9460th meeting, on
               30 October 2023

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling and reaffirming all its previous resolutions on Western Sahara,
                    Reaffirming its strong support for the efforts of the Secretary-General and his
               Personal Envoy to implement resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008),
               1871 (2009), 1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), 2044 (2012), 2099 (2013), 2152 (2014), 2218
               (2015), 2285 (2016), 2351 (2017), 2414 (2018), 2440 (2018), 2468 (2019), 2494
               (2019), 2548 (2020), 2602 (2021), and 2654 (2022),
                     Expressing its full support for Staffan de Mistura, the Personal Envoy of the
               Secretary-General for Western Sahara and his efforts to advance the political process,
               building on the progress of the former Personal Envoy and in line with relevant
               precedents; and welcoming the visits undertaken by the Personal Envoy in this regard
               to the region,
                     Welcoming the momentum created by the first round-table meeting on
               5−6 December 2018 and the second round-table meeting on 21–22 March 2019, and
               the engagement by Morocco, the Frente POLISARIO, Algeria, and Mauritania in the
               UN political process on Western Sahara in a serious and respectful manner in order
               to identify elements of convergence; and recalling the important contributions of the
               former Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara in holding the
               round-table process, and further welcoming the convening by the current Personal
               Envoy of informal consultations with Morocco, the Frente POLISARIO, Algeria and
               Mauritania as well as France, the Russian Federation, Spain, the United Kingdom and
               the United States, at the United Nations headquarters on 27–31 March 2023,
                     Encouraging the continuation of consultations between the Personal Envoy and
               Morocco, the Frente POLISARIO, Algeria and Mauritania in this regard to build on
               the progress achieved,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to assist the parties to achieve a just, lasting, and
               mutually acceptable political solution, based on compromise, which will provide for
               the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements
               consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and
               noting the role and responsibilities of the parties in this respect,
                   Reiterating its call upon Morocco, the Frente POLISARIO, Algeria, and
               Mauritania to cooperate more fully with each other, including through building

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               additional trust, and with the United Nations, as well as to strengthen their
               involvement in the political process and to achieve progress towards a political
               solution,
                     Recognizing that achieving a political solution to this long -standing dispute and
               enhanced cooperation between the Member States of the Maghreb Arab Union would
               contribute to stability and security, in turn leading to jobs, growth and opportunities
               for all the peoples in the Sahel region,
                    Welcoming the efforts of the Secretary-General to keep all peacekeeping
               operations, including the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western
               Sahara (MINURSO), under close review and reiterating the need for the Council to
               pursue a rigorous, strategic approach to peacekeeping deployments, and effective
               management of resources,
                     Recalling resolution 2378 (2017) and its request of the Secretary-General to
               ensure that data related to the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations, including
               peacekeeping performance data, is used to improve analytics and the evaluation of
               mission operations, based on clear and well identified benchmarks, and f urther
               recalling resolution 2436 (2018) and its request of the Secretary-General to ensure
               that decisions to recognize and incentivize outstanding performance and decis ions
               regarding deployment, remediation, training, withholding of financial
               reimbursement, and repatriation of uniformed or dismissal of civilian personnel, are
               predicated on objective performance data,
                    Recalling resolution 2242 (2015) and 2538 (2020) and its aspiration to increase
               the number of women in military and police contingents of United Nations
               peacekeeping operations,
                      Recognizing the important role played by MINURSO on the ground and the need
               for it to conduct the safe and regular resupply of its team sites, to conduct patrols
               throughout its area of responsibility, and to fully implement its mandate, including its
               role in supporting the Personal Envoy to achieve a mutually acceptable political
               solution, and welcoming the progress made by MINURSO for the resupply of its team
               sites in order to sustain these crucial operations,
                    Noting with deep concern the breakdown of the ceasefire,
                    Expressing concern about the violations of agreements made with the United
               Nations and reiterating the importance of full and renewed adherence to these
               commitments, and taking note of the commitments provided by the Frente
               POLISARIO to the former Personal Envoy,
                    Taking note of the Moroccan proposal presented on 11 April 2007 to the
               Secretary-General and welcoming serious and credible Moroccan efforts to move the
               process forward towards resolution; also taking note of the Frente POLISARIO
               proposal presented 10 April 2007 to the Secretary -General,
                     Encouraging in this context the parties to demonstrate further political will
               towards a solution including by expanding upon their discussion of each othe r’s
               proposals and recommitting to UN efforts in a spirit of realism and compromise,
               further encouraging neighbouring countries to make contributions to the political
               process; and stressing the importance of all concerned expanding on their positions
               in order to advance a solution,
                     Encouraging the parties to cooperate further with the United Nations Office of
               the High Commissioner for Refugees in identifying and implementing confidence -
               building measures that can serve to foster the trust necessary for a suc cessful political
               process,

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                 Stressing the importance of improving the human rights situation in Western
           Sahara and the Tindouf camps, and encouraging the parties to work with the
           international community to develop and implement independent and credible
           measures to ensure full respect for human rights, bearing in mind their relevant
           obligations under international law,
                Encouraging the parties to sustain and prioritize their respective efforts to
           enhance the promotion and protection of human rights in Western Sahara and the
           Tindouf refugee camps, including the freedoms of expression and association,
                Welcoming in this regard, steps and initiatives taken by Morocco, and the role
           played by the National Council on Human Rights Commissions operating in Dakhla
           and Laayoune, and Morocco’s interaction with Special Procedures of the United
           Nations Human Rights Council,
                 Urging enhancing cooperation with the Office of the United Nations High
           Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), including through facilitating visits to
           the region,
                 Noting with deep concern the continued hardships faced by Sahrawi refugees,
           their dependency on external humanitarian assistance, and the impact of the
           COVID-19 pandemic, and further noting with deep concern insufficient funding for
           those living in Tindouf refugee camps and the risks associated with the reduction of
           food assistance; and strongly encouraging donors to provide additional funds in light
           of the deteriorating humanitarian situation and for aid agencies to facilitate the
           delivery of humanitarian assistance in accordance with United Nations best practices,
               Strongly reiterating its request for a refugee registration in the Tindouf refugee
           camps and emphasizing the importance of efforts being made in this regard,
                 Recalling United Nations Security Council resolutions 1325 and 2250 and
           related resolutions; stressing the importance of a commitment by the parties to
           continue the process of negotiations through the United Nations -sponsored talks and
           encouraging the full, equal and meaningful participation of women and active and
           meaningful participation of youth in these talks,
                Recognizing that the status quo is not acceptable, and noting further that
           progress in negotiations is essential in order to improve the quality of life of the
           people of Western Sahara in all its aspects,
                Affirming its full support for Special Representative of the Secretary-General
           for Western Sahara and Head of MINURSO Alexander Ivanko,
                Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 2 October 2023
           (S/2023/729),
                1.    Decides to extend the mandate of MINURSO until 31 October 2024;
                 2.   Emphasizes the need to achieve a realistic, practicable, enduring and
           mutually acceptable political solution to the question of Western Sahara based on
           compromise and the importance of aligning the strategic focus of MINURSO and
           orienting resources of the United Nations to this end;
                 3.   Expresses its full support for the Secretary-General and his Personal
           Envoy to facilitate the negotiations process in order to achieve a solution to the
           Western Sahara question, building on the progress and framework of the former
           Personal Envoy, and strongly welcoming the efforts of the current Personal Envoy,
           including to this end his convening on 27–31 March 2023 of informal consultations,
           and strongly encourages Morocco, the Frente POLISARIO, Algeria, and Mauritania
           to engage with the Personal Envoy throughout the duration of this process, in a spirit
           of realism and compromise, to ensure a successful outcome;

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                     4.   Calls upon the parties to resume negotiations under the auspices of the
               Secretary-General without preconditions and in good faith, taking into account the
               efforts made since 2006 and subsequent developments with a view to achieving a just,
               lasting, and mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the self -
               determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements
               consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and
               noting the role and responsibilities of the parties in this respect;
                     5.    Invites Member States to lend appropriate assistance and support to thes e
               talks and to the Personal Envoy’s efforts;
                     6.    Reaffirms the need for full respect of the military agreements reached with
               MINURSO with regard to the ceasefire and calls on the parties to comply fully with
               those agreements, implement their commitments to the former Personal Envoy, and
               refrain from any actions that could undermine UN-facilitated negotiations or further
               destabilize the situation in the Western Sahara;
                    7.    Reiterates its call upon all parties to cooperate fully with MINURSO,
               including its free interaction with all interlocutors, and to take the necessary steps to
               ensure the security of as well as unhindered movement and immediate access for the
               United Nations and associated personnel in carrying out their mandate, in conformity
               with agreements made with the United Nations;
                     8.   Calls for the safe and regular resupply of MINURSO team sites to ensure
               the sustainability of the Mission’s presence;
                     9.   Emphasizes the importance of a renewed commitment by the parties to
               advancing the political process in preparation for further negotiations, recalls its
               endorsement of the recommendation in the report of 14 April 2008 ( S/2008/251) that
               realism and a spirit of compromise by the parties are essential to achieve progress in
               negotiations, encourages the neighbouring countries to make important, active
               contributions to this process; and stresses the importance of all concerned expanding
               on their positions in order to advance a solution;
                    10. Calls upon the parties to demonstrate political will and work in an
               atmosphere propitious for dialogue in order to advance negotiations, thus ensuring
               implementation of resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008), 1871 (2009),
               1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), 2044 (2012), 2099 (2013), 2152 (2014), 2218 (2015), 2285
               (2016), 2351 (2017), 2414 (2018), 2440 (2018), 2468 (2019), 2494 (2019), 2548
               (2020), 2602 (2021), and 2654 (2022) and the success of negotiations;
                     11. Requests the Secretary-General to brief the Security Council on a regular
               basis, and at any time he deems appropriate during the mandate period, to include
               within six months of this mandate’s renewal and again prior to its expiration, on the
               status and progress of these negotiations under his auspices, on the implementation
               of this resolution, assessment of MINURSO’s operations and steps taken to address
               challenges, expresses its intention to meet to receive and discuss his briefings and in
               this regard, further requests the Secretary-General to provide a report on the situation
               in Western Sahara well before the end of the mandate pe riod;
                    12. Welcomes the initiatives undertaken by the Secretary-General to
               standardize a culture of performance in UN peacekeeping, and reaffirms its support
               for the development of a comprehensive and integrated performance policy
               framework that identifies clear standards of performance for evaluating all United
               Nations civilian and uniformed personnel working in and supporting peacekeeping
               operations that facilitates effective and full implementation of mandates, and includes
               comprehensive and objective methodologies based on clear and well-defined
               benchmarks to ensure accountability for underperformance and incentives and
               recognition for outstanding performance, and calls on him to apply this framework to

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                                                                                S/RES/2703 (2023)

           MINURSO as described in resolution 2436 (2018), and requests the Secretary-General
           to seek to increase the number of women in MINURSO, as well as to ensure the full,
           equal, and meaningful participation of women in all a spects of operations;
                13. Urges the parties and neighbouring states to engage productively with
           MINURSO as it further considers how new technologies can be used to reduce risk,
           improve force protection, and better implement its mandate;
                 14. Encourages the parties to cooperate with the Office of the United Nations
           High Commissioner for Refugees to identify and implement confidence -building
           measures, including to engage women and youth, and encourages neighbouring states
           to support these efforts;
                 15. Strongly urges Member States to provide new and additional voluntary
           contributions to fund food programmes to ensure that the humanitarian needs of
           refugees are adequately addressed and avoid reductions in food rations; and urges aid
           agencies to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid in accordance with United
           Nations best practices;
                 16. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take necessary measures to
           ensure full compliance of all personnel in MINURSO with the United Nations
           zero-tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to keep the Council fully
           informed through his reports to the Council about the Mission’s progress in this
           regard, and urges troop-contributing and police-contributing countries to continue
           taking appropriate preventative action including vetting of all personnel,
           predeployment and in-mission awareness training, and to ensure full accountability
           in cases of such conduct involving their personnel through timely investigation of
           allegations by troop-contributing and police-contributing countries and MINURSO,
           as appropriate;
                17.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2703 (2023) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 31 Oct. 2024]

S/78 [45] UN MISSION FOR THE REFERENDUM IN WESTERN SAHARA
S/78 [44] WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION
S/ X The situation concerning Western Sahara.

UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|UN. Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|WESTERN SAHARA|NEGOTIATION|PEACE AGREEMENTS|WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION

Eastern Europe|Northern Africa|Northern Europe|Southern Europe|Sub-Saharan Africa|Western Europe

Algeria|Western Sahara|Spain|France|United Kingdom|Morocco|Mauritania|Russian Federation


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2702 (2023)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                30 October 2023

               Resolution 2702 (2023)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9458th meeting, on
               30 October 2023

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolution 1970 (2011) and all its subsequent resolutions on Libya,
               including resolutions 2259 (2015), 2510 (2020), 2542 (2020), 2570 (2021), 2619
               (2022), 2629 (2022), 2647 (2022), and 2656 (2022), its Presidential Statement of
               16 March (S/PRST/2023/2), and its press statements,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to an inclusive Libyan-led and Libyanowned political process, facilitated by the United Nations, and supported by the
               international community, which builds on the upd ated electoral laws agreed by the
               6+6 Committee, and which will enable the holding of free, fair, transparent and
               inclusive national presidential and parliamentary elections across Libya as soon as
               possible,
                    Takes note of Presidential Election Law No. 28/2023 and Parliamentary Election
               Law no. 27/2023 adopted by the House of Representatives (HoR) of Libya on
               5 October 2023, and further notes that implementation of these laws requires the
               commitment of all parties and a political settlement on outstanding politically
               contentious issues related to elections,
                     Recalling that all Libyan stakeholders previously gave strong guarantees to
               support and respect the independence and integrity of the electoral process, as well
               as the elections results, calling upon all stakeholders to uphold these guarantees, and
               further calling upon all stakeholders to redouble their efforts to resolve outstanding
               politically contentious issues related to elections, through United Nations -facilitated
               dialogue, and in a spirit of compromise, in order to create the conditions and
               circumstances for elections, including a secure environment, deliver elections on the
               basis of viable electoral laws, and end the transition period,
                     Expressing concern about the security situation in Libya, particularly the violent
               clashes between armed groups in the Tripoli region on 14 August 2023 and in
               Benghazi in early October, resulting in civilian casualties and destruction of civilian
               infrastructure, underscoring the importance of early conflict prevention efforts,
               calling on all parties to make progress on the political and security tracks, and to
               comply with their obligations under international law, in particular international
               human rights law and international humanitarian law, to establish peace an d stability
               across Libya, urging all actors to refrain from using incendiary rhetoric, hate speech,

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               misinformation and disinformation which could fuel further divisions among Libyans
               and undermine the political process,
                     Expressing its strong condemnation of the indiscriminate use of weapons, in
               populated areas and their consequences for the civilian population and calling upon
               all parties to refrain from such practices in accordance with their obligations under
               international law, particularly regarding the protection of civilians in armed conflict,
                     Recognising the important role of neighbouring countries and regional
               organisations in support of the United Nations, recalling resolution 2616 (2021),
               expressing concern over the impact of the conflict on neighbouring countries, as well
               as the impact of conflict in neighbouring countries on Libya, including with regards
               to threats arising from terrorism, especially in the Sahel, the illicit transfer,
               destabilising accumulation and misuse of weapons and the flow of armed groups and
               mercenaries and encouraging further international support and regional cooperation
               between Libya, neighbouring countries and relevant United Nations bodies, including
               the Peacebuilding Commission, in support of peacebuilding and sustaining peace in
               the country and the region,
                     Expressing concern at the threat posed by the diversion and proliferation of arms
               and ammunition in Libya and other countries in the region, which undermines
               stability, and calling on key Libyan institutions, with support from the United
               Nations, to take steps to secure and effectively manage stockpiles, clear explosive
               ordnance and explosive remnants of war from hazardous areas, and protect civilians
               from the risks of unplanned explosions at munition sites,
                     Underlining the need to plan for the disarmament, demobilisation and
               reintegration of armed groups and all relevant non -state armed actors, as part of an
               integrated, comprehensive and coherent approach to peacebuilding, including the
               return of their members to their countries of origin, further underlining that this
               should include regional coordination and take into account peacebuilding needs and
               priorities,
                     Recognising the need to plan for security sector reform and the establishment of
               an inclusive, unified, accountable, civilian-led security architecture for Libya as a
               whole, and calling on the Libyan authorities to engage and achieve progress on this
               issue,
                    Welcoming the commitments of the 5+5 Joint Military Commission and the two
               Chiefs of Staff towards reunification of the Libyan military and security institutions
               and the creation of joint military units to secure Libya’s borders and uphold the
               23 October 2020 ceasefire agreement, and encouraging further efforts in this regard,
                     Urging Libyan institutions and authorities to ensure the full, equal, effective,
               meaningful and safe participation of women at all levels, including in leadership
               positions, and in all stages of activities and decision-making relating to inclusive
               political processes, democratic transition, reconciliation efforts, conflict resolution
               and peacebuilding, recognising the need to protect women, women’s rights
               organisations, and women peacebuilders from intimidation, threats reprisals and
               attacks, strongly encouraging all parties to create a safe and enabling environment for
               members of civil society, including those who promote and protect human rights, to
               carry out their work independently and without undue interference, including in
               situations of armed conflict, and to address threats, harassment and violence, to
               counter hate speech against them, and to protect and promote human rights and
               fundamental freedoms, including freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and
               association, in accordance with obligations under international law, to help enable
               free, fair, transparent and inclusive elections and national reconciliation, supporting
               the efforts of UNSMIL to facilitate wider engagement and participation of women

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                                                                                S/RES/2702 (2023)

           from across the spectrum of Libyan society in the political process and public
           institutions, including meaningful representation of women in Libya’s legislative
           bodies, and recognising that the political process should be inclusive of all Libyans,
           including youth and civil society,
                 Recalling that Libya’s oil resources are for the benefit of all Libyans and need
           to remain under the exclusive control of the National Oil Corporation, calling on all
           parties to allow the National Oil Corporation to undertake its work without disruption
           interference, or politicisation, and to ensure oil and gas revenues are managed in a
           transparent, equitable and accountable manner with effective Libyan oversight,
                 Recalling the importance of Libyan oversight over Libya’s economic and
           financial institutions, which includes the responsibility to ensure the transparent,
           equitable and accountable management of revenue across the whole country,
           reaffirming the importance of establishing a Libyan-led mechanism bringing together
           stakeholders from across the country to set spending, recognising, in this regard, the
           efforts of the High Financial Committee on revenue management, taking note of the
           announcement to further the unification of the Central Bank o f Libya, and reiterating
           UNSMIL’s role in helping to consolidate the economic arrangements of Libyan
           institutions,
                 Reaffirming its intention to ensure that assets frozen pursuant to paragraph 17
           of resolution 1970 (2011) shall at a later stage be made available to and for the benefit
           of the Libyan people, and calling upon all relevant Member States to protect frozen
           assets for the future benefit of the Libyan people, including by preventing misuse and
           misappropriation of frozen assets,
                  Expressing concern at the inadequate living standards and insufficient provision
           of basic services and the situation of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Libya,
           including the inability of IDPs to safely return to their homes due to the presence of
           explosive hazards and threats of retaliation, further expressing grave concern about
           the smuggling of migrants and refugees and human trafficking through Libya, and at
           the situation faced by migrants, and refugees, including arbitrary detention,
           ill-treatment, and their exposure to sexual and gender-based violence, underlining the
           importance of tackling the root causes of the smuggling of migrants and human
           trafficking, welcoming the work of UNSMIL in coordinating and supporting the
           provision of humanitarian assistance for refugees and migrants, calling on the Libyan
           authorities to take steps towards the closing of migrant detention centres and to
           alleviate urgently the suffering of all people in Libya by speeding up the delivery of
           public services to all parts of the country, and urging all parties to allow and facilitate
           full, safe and unhindered humanitarian access,
                 Recalling resolution 2510 (2020), which demanded that all parties to the conflict
           comply with their obligations under international law including international
           humanitarian law, and emphasising that those responsible for violations of
           international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights must be
           held accountable,
                 Urging all parties to implement the relevant resolutions on Women, Peace and
           Security Agenda and to prevent and respond to conflict -related sexual violence, and
           calling on the Libyan authorities to end impunity for sexual and gender-based
           violence crimes in line with relevant Security Council resolutions, including
           resolution 1325 (2000),
                Recalling the importance of the protection of children, as set out in relevant
           Security Council resolutions, and taking appropriate measures in this regard,
           expressing concern about reported violations and abuses against children in Libya
           despite the 23 October 2020 ceasefire agreement, in particular those involving the

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               killing and maiming of children, the abductions of children, sexual violence
               committed against children, and the recruitment or use of children, and urging all
               parties to immediately end and prevent such practices,
                    Recognising that protracted conflict and political division in Libya has made the
               country more susceptible to the humanitarian impact of natural disasters, including
               floods, and other weather events associated with the adverse effects of climate
               change, among other factors,
                     Underlining the importance of the United Nations Sustainable Development
               Cooperation Framework 2023-2025, which demonstrates the commitment of Libyan
               stakeholders and the United Nations to work together through a human itarian,
               development, and peacebuilding nexus approach to address the structural causes of
               fragility and remaining humanitarian needs to drive transformative change and
               transition to sustainable peace and development across the country, in support of the
               2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals,
                    Recalling its determination in its resolution 2213 (2015) that the situation in
               Libya continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security,
                     1.   Decides to extend until 31 October 2024 the mandate of the United Nations
               Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), as an integrated special political mission to
               carry out its mandate, as set out in resolution 2542 (2020) and paragraph 16 of
               resolution 2570 (2021);
                     2.   Reiterates its support for the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG) for Libya and Head of UNSMIL, Abdoulaye Bathily, in particular
               his mediation and good-offices role to further an inclusive political process, in line
               with relevant Security Council resolutions, building on the basis of the Libyan
               Political Agreement and the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (LPDF) Roadmap, and
               building on the updated electoral laws agreed by the 6+6 Committee, and calling upon
               the international community to fully support SRSG Bathily and UNSMIL in the
               implementation of their mandate;
                     3.    Reiterates its request for UNSMIL to implement the recommendations of
               the Independent Strategic Review (S/2021/716), including by strengthening the use
               of strategic communications to support the mission’s activities further reiterates its
               request that, in the implementation of the recommendations of the Strategic Review,
               UNSMIL explores all avenues to increase efficiency and redeploy existing resources,
               including through prioritisation and the reconfiguration of tasks and resources, as
               needed and where appropriate, in particular in order to facilitate an effective,
               sustainable political process and with a focus on expandi ng the Mission’s footprint
               and operations in eastern Libya, and requests the Secretary-General to update the
               Council on the implementation of the recommendations of the Strategic Review in
               the reporting requested in paragraph 11 of this resolution;
                     4.    Recalls the LPDF Roadmap, regrets that a number of its deliverables have
               yet to be achieved and its timelines were not met, underlines that the objectives and
               governing principles as set out in the LPDF Roadmap, in particular articles 1, 2 and
               6, are still relevant to the political process, including the principles of financial
               responsibility, anti-corruption and transparency, rejects actions that could lead to
               violence or greater divisions in Libya, and recognises the desire of the Libyan people
               to have their say in who governs them through elections;
                     5.   Urges the Libyan political institutions and key stakeholders to resolve
               outstanding politically contentious issues pertaining to elections as soon as possible,
               and in this regard, calls upon Libya political institutions and key stakeholders to
               engage fully, transparently and in good faith with SRSG Bathily in a Libyan -led and
               Libyan-owned, UNSMIL facilitated negotiation in order to deliver free, fair,

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                                                                                S/RES/2702 (2023)

           transparent and inclusive national presidential and parlia mentary elections as soon as
           possible across the country, on the basis of viable electoral laws, aiming at, inter alia,
           forming a unified Libyan government able to govern across the country and
           representing the whole people of Libya;
                 6.   Welcomes the support provided by the United Nations to the Libyan High
           National Elections Commission (HNEC), and encourages the continuation of this
           support to enable the HNEC to deliver free, fair, transparent and inclusive national
           presidential and parliamentary elections across Libya, as well as local elections across
           Libya;
                 7.    Underlines the importance of an inclusive, comprehensive national
           dialogue and victim-centred reconciliation process based on the principles of
           transitional justice, welcomes the efforts of the Presidential Council to launch the
           national reconciliation process, and the support of the African Union in that regard,
           including to facilitate a meeting on national reconciliation in Libya in the coming
           months, welcomes in this regard the convening in Brazzaville on 20 July of the
           Preparatory Committee for national reconciliation, recognises the important role of
           other regional organisations, including the League of Arab States and the European
           Union, and calls upon the relevant Libyan institutions and authorities to implement
           confidence-building measures to create an environment conducive for successful
           national presidential and parliamentary elections, including by ensuring the full,
           equal, effective meaningful and safe participation of women, and inclusion of youth
           and civil society representatives, in all activities and decision -making relating to
           democratic transition and reconciliation efforts;
                 8.    Expresses concern at the humanitarian situation in Libya, in particular
           following the catastrophic flooding in eastern Libya, expresses sincere condolences
           to the families of those who lost their lives and to those affected, commends the
           solidarity demonstrated by the Libyan people in response to the floods, calls on
           international partners to provide humanitarian assistance, in coordination with the
           Libyan authorities and the United Nations, calls on the Libyan authorities and
           relevant stakeholders to allow and facilitate full, safe and unhindered humanitarian
           access to those in need, and underscores the need for a coordinated national platform,
           supported by UNSMIL, to release funds for the long term reconstruct ion efforts, and
           for the reconstruction to be managed and distributed transparently, with effective
           oversight and accountability to the Libyan people;
                 9.   Emphasises that there can be no military solution in Libya, calls upon all
           parties to refrain from violence or any other actions that could escalate tensions,
           exacerbate conflicts, endanger civilians and undermine the political process or the
           23 October 2020 ceasefire in Libya, which should be implemented in full, recalls the
           recent violent clashes in Tripoli in August 2023 and in Benghazi in early October, and
           requests UNSMIL, in line with its existing mandate and resources, facilitate
           confidence building measures, dialogue and reconciliation between armed actors to
           prevent violence and conflict escalation through UNSMIL’s mediation and good
           offices;
                 10. Recalls that the measures set out in resolution 1970 (2011), as modified
           by subsequent resolutions, shall apply to individuals and entities determined by the
           United Nations Sanctions Committee to be engaging in or providing support for acts
           that threaten the peace, stability or security of Libya or obstruct or undermine the
           successful completion of its political transition, including by obstructing or
           undermining the elections, and demands full compliance by all Member States with
           the arms embargo imposed under resolution 1970 (2011), as modified by subsequent
           resolutions;

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                      11. Urges all Member States to respect fully the sovereignty, independence,
               territorial integrity and national unity of Libya;
                     12. Calls on all parties to implement the 23 October 2020 ceasefire agreement
               in full, including the Action Plan agreed by the 5+5 Joint Military Commission in
               Geneva on 8 October 2021, which is to be implemented in a synchronised, phased,
               gradual and balanced manner, and urges Member States to respect and support its full
               implementation, including through the withdrawal of all foreign forces, foreign
               fighters, and mercenaries from Libya without further delay;
                    13. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on the
               implementation of this resolution every 60 days;
                    14.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2702 (2023) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 31 Oct. 2024]

S/78 [219] LIBYA SITUATION
S/78 [220] UN SUPPORT MISSION IN LIBYA
S/ X The situation in Libya.

UN Support Mission in Libya|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya|SPECIAL MISSIONS|GOOD OFFICES|LIBYA|RECONCILIATION|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|ARMS EMBARGO