               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2497 (2019)
               Security Council                                                   Distr.: General
                                                                                14 November 2019

               Resolution 2497 (2019)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8663rd meeting, on
               14 November 2019

                    The Security Council,
                     Reaffirming all previous resolutions and Presidential statements concerning the
               situation in Abyei and along the border between Sudan and South Sudan and
               underlining the importance of full compliance with and implementation of these,
                      Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and
               territorial integrity of Sudan and South Sudan, and to the purposes and the principles
               of the Charter of the United Nations, and recalling the importance of the principles of
               good neighbourliness, non-interference and regional cooperation,
                     Reiterating that the territorial boundaries of States shall not be altered by force,
               and that any territorial disputes shall be settled exclusively by peaceful means,
               affirming the priority it attaches to the full and urgent implementation of all
               outstanding issues from the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), and
               underscoring that the future status of Abyei shall be resolved by negotiations between
               the parties in a manner consistent with the CPA and not by the unilateral actions of
               either party,
                     Underscoring that continued cooperation between the Government of the
               Republic of the Sudan and Government of the Republic of South Sudan is critical for
               peace, security and stability and the future relations between them, encouraging
               progress on improving bilateral relations and holding regular meetings of the Joint
               Political and Security Mechanism (JPSM) and other joint mechanisms, and calling on
               both governments to implement prior agreements,
                    Commending the continued assistance provided to the parties by the African
               Union (AU), the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, the Federal
               Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, the Special Envoy of the Secretary -General for the
               Horn of Africa, and the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA),
                    Acknowledging that over the course of the eight years since establishment of
               UNISFA the mission has contributed towards the stabilization and demilitarization of
               the Abyei Area and together with the Joint Border Verification and Monitoring
               Mechanism (JBVMM) played a stabilizing role along the borders between South
               Sudan and Sudan, and taking note of the need to reconfigure the mission to create the
               space for a viable political process that would also serve as an exit strategy,

19-19744 (E)
*1919744*

S/RES/2497 (2019)

                    Underlining that over the course of eight years the Government of Sudan and
               the Government of South Sudan have not made meaningful progress on the political
               process including failure to establish joint institutions in Abyei,
                    Expressing concern that the delayed full deployment of UN police to the level
               authorized by the Council prevents UNISFA from fulfilling its security mandate and
               holds the potential to create a security vacuum in Abyei, and further expressing
               concern about Sudan and South Sudan’s efforts to impede UNISFA from fully
               executing its mandate, including by withholding visas for police, blocking
               appointment of a civilian Deputy Head of Mission and denying access to Athony
               airport, which would ease UNISFA’s logistical challenges, reduce transport costs, and
               enhance safety and security for UNISFA personnel,
                     Commending the efforts of UNISFA, notwithstanding the impediments referred
               to in the previous paragraph, in its attempts to carry out its mandate effectively,
               including by its ongoing facilitation of peaceful migration throughout the Abyei Ar ea,
               conflict prevention, mediation and deterrence, and strongly underscoring the
               unacceptability of any attack on United Nations personnel, and reiterating that such
               attacks, which may constitute a war crime, should be swiftly and thoroughly
               investigated, and that those responsible should be held to account,
                    Recalling that the Secretary-General’s October 2019 Report on the situation in
               Abyei (S/2019/817) highlights the need for a UNISFA civilian Deputy Head of
               Mission,
                     Bearing in mind that people in the Abyei Area continue to rely on humanitarian
               assistance, recalling that floods in October 2019 displaced approximately 40,000
               people, that access for humanitarian organizations to reach people in need remains of
               crucial importance, and that humanitarian actors continue to provide assistance to
               182,000 people in the Abyei Area,
                     Recalling resolutions 1325 (2000) and subsequent resolutions on women, peace,
               and security and emphasizing that persistent barriers to full implementation of these
               resolutions will only be dismantled through dedicated commitment to women ’s
               empowerment, participation, and human rights, and through concerted leadership,
               consistent information and action, and support,
                    Recognizing that the current situation in Abyei and along the border between
               Sudan and South Sudan continues to constitute a threat to international peace and
               security,
                     1.    Decides to extend until 15 May 2020 the mandate of UNISFA as set out in
               paragraph 2 of resolution 1990 (2011) and acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of
               the United Nations, further decides to extend until 15 May 2020 the tasks of UNISFA
               as set out in paragraph 3 of resolution 1990 (2011);
                     2.   Decides to extend until 15 May 2020 UNISFA’s mandate modification set
               forth in resolution 2024 (2011) and paragraph 1 of resolution 2075 (2012), which
               provides for UNISFA’s support to the Joint Border Verification and Monitoring
               Mechanism (JBVMM), and further decides that this shall be the final such extension
               unless the parties take the specific measures described in paragraph 3;
                    3.    Determines that both parties should continue to demonstrate measurable
               progress on border demarcation, specifically by taking the measures listed below:
                          (1) UNISFA and JBVMM Patrols: Maintain standing clearance and
                          achieve full freedom of movement for all air and ground patrols,
                          (2) JBVMM Team Sites: Support to establish and operate a fourth team
                          site in Abu Qussa/Wunkur,

2/7                                                                                19-19744

                                                                                S/RES/2497 (2019)

                      (3) JPSM: Convene two meetings of the Joint Political Security
                      Mechanism (JPSM) that provide clear guidance to JBVMM, and ensure
                      conclusions of meetings are widely disseminated,
                      (4) Safe Demilitarized Border Zone (SDBZ): Immediately withdraw
                      from the SDBZ as both parties committed to do in the 18 March 2019
                      JPSM, and to provide notification of such withdrawal to UNISFA for
                      UNISFA verification,
                      (5) Border Crossing Corridors: Immediately open the remaining border
                      crossing corridors per the resolutions of the 18 March 2019 JPSM, and
                      together with UNISFA verify their functioning and free movement across
                      the border,
                      (6) Border Demarcation: Hold two meetings of the Joint Demarcation
                      Committee, develop a detailed work plan and budget for demarcation
                      discussions, including negotiations on the disputed areas within the
                      framework of the signed agreements,
                      (7) National Monitors: Maintain deployment of national monitors to
                      participate in JBVMM operational activities;
                4.  Maintains the authorized troop ceiling at 3,550, and decides to allow
           postponement in the withdrawal of 295 troops above the authorized troop ceiling until
           15 May 2020;
                5.    Maintains the authorized police ceiling at 640 police personnel, including
           148 individual police officers and three formed police units, requests the United
           Nations to take necessary steps to deploy additional police sequentially in order to
           meet the authorized police ceiling of 640, and expresses its intention to reduce the
           authorized police ceiling as the Abyei Police Service is gradually established and
           providing effective law enforcement throughout the Abyei area;
                 6.   Requests the Secretary-General to appoint a civilian Deputy Head of
           Mission for UNISFA and add additional civilian staff within existing resources to
           further facilitate liaison between and engagement with the parties in a manner
           consistent with the Agreement on Temporary Arrangements for the Administration
           and Security of the Abyei Area of June 2011, including agreement to establish the
           Abyei Police Service;
                 7.     Demands that the Governments of Sudan and South Sudan provide full
           support to UNISFA in the deployment of UNISFA personnel, includin g by promptly
           issuing visas without prejudice of their nationalities, and expresses its serious concern
           that the Government of Sudan has not issued visas promptly to support personnel
           critical for the mandate of UNISFA, including police;
                 8.    Urges that the Governments of Sudan and South Sudan facilitate basing
           arrangements for UNISFA in the Mission area including Athony airport, and provide
           necessary flight clearances, and notes that the utilization of Athony airport will reduce
           UNISFA’s transport costs and logistical challenges, facilitate MEDEVAC, official
           travel and air cargo needs for the Mission, increase humanitarian access, and enhance
           safety and security for UNISFA personnel, and further calls upon all parties to fully
           adhere to their obligations under the Status of Forces Agreements;
                9.    Expresses disappointment that the parties have obstructed full
           implementation of UNISFA’s mandate and taken few steps to implement the
           Agreement on Temporary Arrangements for the Administration and Security of the
           Abyei Area and to achieve a political resolution to the status of Abyei, and requests
           the Secretary-General consult with the parties and the African Union related to:

19-19744                                                                                3/7

S/RES/2497 (2019)

                          1.   Steps Sudan and South Sudan are taking to enable UNISFA to fully
                          execute its mandate,
                          2.    The state of engagement by the African Union and African Union
                          High-Level Implementation Panel (AUHIP) on political mediation of the
                          Abyei dispute and Sudan and South Sudan border issues, and provide
                          recommendations on the most appropriate framework, structure or
                          organizational mandate for the region to provide support to the parties that
                          will enable further progress in these areas,
                          3.   Enhancing the role played by the Special Envoy for the Horn of
                          Africa to support the African Union and help the parties to establish
                          temporary administrative and security arrangements for Abyei and to
                          achieve a political solution to the status of Abyei;
                     10. Urges continued progress towards the establishment of the Abyei Area
               interim institutions, in accordance with the Agreement on Temporary Administrative
               and Security Arrangements for the Abyei Area of June 2011, takes note that UNISFA
               continues to be the only entity providing policing services, demands that the
               Governments of Sudan and South Sudan participate in joint planning toward the
               establishment of the Abyei Police Service, and requests that both parties, including in
               particular South Sudan, participate in developing a roadmap on the establishment of
               the Abyei Police Service by May 2020 with support from UNISFA;
                     11. Encourages the African Union, AUHIP, and the Special Envoy of the
               Secretary-General to continue coordinating efforts to facilitate full implementation of
               the 2011 agreements, and further encourages UNISFA to coordinate with the African
               Union, AUHIP and the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on reconciliation,
               community sensitization, and political peace processes;
                    12. Welcomes renewed efforts to determine conclusively the Safe
               Demilitarized Border Zone (SDBZ) centreline on the ground, and reiterates that the
               centreline of the SDBZ in no way prejudices the current or future legal status of the
               border, ongoing negotiations on the disputed and claimed areas, and demarcation of
               the borders;
                     13. Underscores that UNISFA’s protection of civilians mandate as set out in
               paragraph 3 of resolution 1990 (2011) includes taking the necessary actions to protect
               civilians under imminent threat of physical violence, irrespective of the source of
               such violence, and in that regard underlines that peacekeepers are authorized to use
               all necessary means, which includes the use of force when required, in order to protect
               civilians under threat of physical violence, in accordance with mission mandates, the
               United Nations Charter and other applicable international law, and stresses the
               importance of continued and further engagement by senior mission leadership, with
               a view to ensuring that all mission components and all levels of the chain of command
               are properly informed of, trained for, and involved in the mission ’s protection of
               civilians mandate and their relevant responsibilities; and commending UNISFA ’s
               efforts in that regard;
                      14. Condemns the intermittent presence of South Sudan security service
               personnel and the deployment of Diffra Oil Police units in the Abyei Area, in violation
               of the 20 June 2011 Agreement, as well as any entry of armed militias into the
               territory, and reiterates its demands that immediately and without preconditions the
               Government of South Sudan fully redeploy its security service personnel from the
               Abyei Area and that the Government of Sudan redeploy the Oil Police in Diffra from
               the Abyei Area, and further reiterates, in accordance with relevant resolutions, in
               particular resolution 1990 (2011) and resolution 2046 (2012), that the Abyei Area

4/7                                                                                19-19744

                                                                                S/RES/2497 (2019)

           shall be demilitarized from any forces, as well as armed elements of the local
           communities, other than UNISFA and the Abyei Police Service;
                15. Urges the two governments to take all necessary steps to ensure that Abyei
           is effectively demilitarized, including through disarmament programmes as
           necessary;
                 16. Reaffirms that UNISFA may undertake weapons confiscation and
           destruction in the Abyei Area as authorized under resolution 1990 (2011), consistent
           with its mandate and within its existing capabilities, in coordination with the
           signatories of the June 2011 Agreement on the Temporary Arrangements for the
           Administration and Security of the Abyei Area, the AJOC, and the Misseriya and
           Ngok Dinka communities and consistent with the previous AJOC decision to establish
           the Area as a “weapons free area”, calls upon the Governments of Sudan and South
           Sudan, the AJOC, and the Misseriya and Ngok Dinka communities and all other
           groups to extend full cooperation to UNISFA in this regard;
                17. Welcomes UNISFA initiatives to support community dialogue and efforts
           by the Misseriya, Ngok Dinka, and all other communities, such as local peace
           committees, to strengthen intercommunal relationships and facilitate stability and
           reconciliation in the Abyei Area, and invites UNISFA to coordinate with the Jubaappointed administration in Abyei and the Misseriya administration in Muglad, using
           appropriate civilian expertise, to maintain stability, foster intercommunal
           reconciliation, and facilitate the return of displaced persons to their villages and the
           delivery of services;
                 18. Urges the two Governments immediately to take steps to implement
           confidence-building measures among the respective communities in the Abyei Area,
           ensuring the full, effective, and meaningful participation of women, regardless of area
           of origin, at all stages, including through reconciliation processes at the grass-roots
           level as well as through ongoing efforts of non-governmental organizations and by
           fully supporting UNISFA’s efforts in promoting community dialogue;
                 19. Expresses concern that women remain absent from the leadership of local
           peace committees, calls upon all parties to promote the full, effective, and meaningful
           participation of women, including at all levels of intercommunity dialogue, to ensure
           a credible, and legitimate process, and welcomes and encourages UNISFA’s efforts
           to integrate women into peace discussions;
                 20. Welcomes UNISFA’s continued efforts, within existing capabilities and
           resources, and in close coordination with the Misseriya and Ngok Dinka communities,
           to strengthen the capacities of Community Protection Committees in order to assist
           with management of law and order processes in Abyei, while ensuring the humane
           and dignified treatment of suspects and other detainees, and to continue engaging
           with both governments on this issue;
                 21. Calls upon all parties to cooperate fully with the findings and
           recommendations following the Abyei Area Joint Investigation and Inquiry
           Committee’s investigation into the killing of a UNISFA peacekeeper and the Ngok
           Dinka Paramount Chief, following the release of findings by the AU Commission,
           welcomes the 24 March 2015 AUPSC press statement requesting the AU Commission
           to engage the parties on the findings and recommendations, and looks forward to the
           release of the African Union Commission’s report on the killing of the Ngok Dinka
           chief, as agreed to by the traditional leaders, and for the report to be used as a basis
           for reconciliation between the communities, bearing in mind the need to promote
           stability and reconciliation in the Abyei Area;
                22. Calls upon all Member States, in particular Sudan and South Sudan, to
           ensure the free, unhindered and expeditious movement, to and from Abyei and

19-19744                                                                                5/7

S/RES/2497 (2019)

               throughout the SDBZ, of all personnel, as well as equipment, provisions, supplies and
               other goods, including vehicles, aircraft, and spare parts, which are for the exclusive
               and official use of UNISFA;
                     23. Demands that all parties involved allow all humanitarian personnel full,
               safe and unhindered access to civilians in need of assistance and all necessary
               facilities for their operations, in accordance with international law, including
               applicable international humanitarian law, and consistent with United Nations guiding
               principles of humanitarian assistance;
                     24. Welcomes the Abyei UN Joint Programme Initiative supported by the
               Sudan and South Sudan UN Country Teams, particularly given recent flooding and
               resulting forced human displacements;
                    25. Encourages the Government of Sudan and the Government of South Sudan
               to continue to facilitate the deployment of the United Nations Mine Action Service
               (UNMAS) to ensure freedom of movement, as well as the identification and clearance
               of mines in the Abyei Area and SDBZ;
                     26. Strongly urges that all parties cease all forms of violence, human rights
               violations and abuses, violations of international humanitarian law, and violations of
               other international law, as applicable committed against civilians, including women
               and children, and bring perpetrators of such abuses or violations to justice;
                     27. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that effective monitoring of
               violations and abuses of human rights is carried out, including of sexual and gender -
               based violence and other violations and abuses committed against women and
               children, and reiterates its call upon the Government of Sudan and the Government
               of South Sudan to extend their full cooperation to the Secretary-General to this end,
               including by issuing visas to the concerned United Nations personnel;
                     28. Requests the Secretary-General to seek to increase the number of women
               in UNISFA in line with resolution 2242, and ensure the full, effective and meaningful
               participation of women in all aspects of operations, to implement a gender
               mainstreaming plan in line with resolution 1325, and calls upon UNISFA to sustain
               adequate expertise on women and child protection;
                     29. Welcomes the initiatives undertaken by the Secretary-General to
               standardise a culture of performance in UN peacekeeping, recalls its requests in
               resolution 2378 (2017) and resolution 2436 (2018) that the Secretary-General ensure
               that performance data related to the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations is used
               to improve mission operations, including decisions such as those regarding
               deployment, remediation, repatriation and incentives, and reaffirms its support for the
               development of a comprehensive and integrated performance policy framework that
               identifies clear standards of performance for evaluating all United Nations civilian
               and uniformed personnel working in and supporting peacekeeping operations that
               facilitates effective and full implementation of mandates, and includes comprehensive
               and objective methodologies based on clear and well-defined benchmarks to ensure
               accountability for underperformance and incentives and recognition for outstanding
               performance, and calls on the United Nations to apply this framework to UNISFA as
               described in resolution 2436 (2018);
                     30. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take necessary measures to
               ensure full compliance of all personnel in UNISFA with the United Nations zero -
               tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to keep th e Council fully
               informed about the Mission’s progress in this regard, and urges troop- and policecontributing countries to take appropriate preventative action including vetting of all
               personnel, pre-deployment and in-mission awareness training, timely investigations
               of allegations, as appropriate, and to take appropriate steps to hold perpetrators

6/7                                                                                19-19744

                                                                                S/RES/2497 (2019)

           accountable and repatriate units when there is credible evidence of widespread or
           systematic sexual exploitation and abuse by those units;
                31. Notes the Secretary-General’s efforts to ensure close cooperation among
           United Nations missions in the region, including UNISFA, the United Nations
           Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS), and the African Union -United
           Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID), as well as his Special Envoy for the
           Horn of Africa;

           Reporting
                 32. Requests the Secretary-General to inform it of progress in implementing
           UNISFA’s mandate, in a note, no later than 31 January 2020 and report on progress
           with the increase in police, appointment of a civilian Deputy Head of Mission,
           planning for the reduction of troops, usage of Athony airport, and the issuance of visas
           to support implementation of the mandate;
                33. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to inform it of progress in
           implementing UNISFA’s mandate, in one written report, no later than 15 April 202 0
           and include reporting on:
               • the state of engagement by the African Union and AUHIP on political mediation
                 of the Abyei dispute and Sudan and South Sudan border issues, and
                 recommendations on the most appropriate framework, structure or
                 organizational mandate for the region to provide support to the parties that will
                 enable further progress in these areas,
               • the efforts deployed by the Special Envoy for the Horn of Africa to support the
                 African Union and help the parties to establish temporary administra tive and
                 security arrangements for Abyei and to achieve a political solution to the status
                 of Abyei,
               • progress in implementing any steps taken per paragraph 3,
               • progress with the reduction of troops, increase in police, appointment of a
                 civilian Deputy Head of Mission, usage of Athony airport, and the issuance of
                 visas to support implementation of the mandate,
               • the opening of Athony airport in line with paragraph 8,
               • results of human rights monitoring as requested in paragraph 27, including
                 information, analysis, and data on violations and abuses of human rights,
               • steps that have been taken in line with paragraphs 27 and 28,
               • a summary of actions taken to improve mission performance and address
                 performance challenges including lapses in leadership, national caveats that
                 negatively affect mandate implementation effectiveness, and demanding
                 operational environments;
                34.    Decides to remain actively seized of this matter.

19-19744                                                                                7/7

Security Council resolution 2497 (2019) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) until 15 May 2020]

UN Interim Security Force for Abyei|UN Interim Security Force for Abyei. Deputy Head of Mission|Joint Border Verification Monitoring Mechanism (Sudan and South Sudan)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|DEMILITARIZED ZONES|PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|ABYEI (SUDAN)|SUDAN|SOUTH SUDAN


               United Nations                                                                  S/RES/2498 (2019)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                15 November 2019

               Resolution 2498 (2019)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8665th meeting, on
               15 November 2019

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling all its previous resolutions and statements of its President on the
               situation in Somalia,
                    Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political
               independence and unity of Somalia, and underscoring the importance of working to
               prevent destabilising effects of regional disputes from spilling over into Somalia,
                      Expressing its support for the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) in their
               efforts to reconstruct the country, counter the threat of terrorism and tackle the flow
               of illegal arms and armed groups, further expressing its intention to ensure the arms
               embargo in this resolution will enable the FGS in the realisation of these objectives,
               and noting its intention to set out all of the provisions of the arms embargo in th is
               text,
                     Condemning Al-Shabaab attacks in Somalia and beyond, expressing grave
               concern that Al-Shabaab continues to pose a serious threat to the peace, security and
               stability of Somalia and the region, particularly through their increased use of
               improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and further expressing grave concern at the
               continued presence in Somalia of affiliates linked to Islamic State in Iraq and the
               Levant (ISIL also known as Da’esh),
                     Reaffirming the need to combat by all means, in accordance with the Charter of
               the United Nations and international law, including applicable international human
               rights law, international refugee law, and international humanitarian law, threats to
               international peace and security caused by terrorist acts,
                    Condemning any flows of weapons and ammunition supplies to and through
               Somalia in violation of the arms embargo, including when they result in supplies to
               Al-Shabaab and affiliates linked to ISIL, and when they undermine the sovereignty
               and territorial integrity of Somalia as a serious threat to peace and stability in the
               region, and further condemning continued illegal flows of weapons and ammunition
               from Yemen to Somalia,
                     Expressing serious concern at reports of increased exploitation of Somalia, by
               Al-Shabaab and transnational organized crime networks, as a transit and transhipment
               point for the trade in sub-standard, illicit and dual-use goods and the revenues this
               trade generates for Al-Shabaab, and further expressing concern at continued reports

19-19826 (E)
*1919826*

S/RES/2498 (2019)

               of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in waters where Somalia has
               jurisdiction, and encourages the FGS, with support from the international community,
               to ensure fishing licenses are issued in accordance with the appropriate Somali
               legislation,
                    Reiterating the importance of co-operation and coordination between the FGS
               and the Federal Member States (FMS) and implementation of the National Security
               Architecture and noting that a successful transition to Somali-led security from the
               African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) as set out under the Transition Plan is
               fundamental to the maintenance of peace and stability in the region,
                     Expressing concern at the continued reports of corruption and diversion of
               public resources in Somalia, welcoming efforts made by the FGS to reduce corruption
               including the enactment of the Anti-Corruption Law on 21 September 2019, progress
               made by the FGS in strengthening public financial management and the positive work
               of the Financial Reporting Centre, and calling for the FGS to continue its efforts to
               address corruption and to continue to accelerate the pace of reform,
                    Expressing serious concern at the humanitarian situation in Somalia, and
               condemning in the strongest terms any party obstructing the safe delivery of
               humanitarian assistance, any misappropriation or diversion of any humanitarian funds
               or supplies, and acts of violence against and harassment of humanitarian workers,
                    Further expressing serious concern over the widespread nature and persistence
               of sexual and gender-based violence in Somalia, and encouraging the Somali
               authorities to further strengthen efforts to address it, including by implementing
               measures in line with resolution 2467 (2019),
                     Taking note with appreciation of the final report of the Panel of Experts (the
               Panel) on Somalia (S/2019/858) and the technical assessment mission report of the
               Secretary-General (S/2019/616), expressing serious concern that the FGS has not
               been cooperating with the Panel during the majority of their mandate, welcoming the
               FGS’s collaboration and active participation with the technical assessment team on
               their visit, urging the FGS to engage on a way forward which will enable the Security
               Council to better assess and monitor compliance with the sanctions regime, and
               recalling that panels of experts operate pursuant to mandates from the Security
               Council,
                     Welcoming regional efforts with a view to supporting the normalisation of
               relations between Eritrea and Djibouti including disputes regarding their shared
               border, and expressing concern at continuing reports of Djiboutian combatants
               missing in action,
                     Determining that the situation in Somalia continues to constitute a threat to
               international peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.   Condemns Al-Shabaab’s extraction of revenue from natural resources in
               addition to the charcoal trade, including the taxing of the illicit sugar trade,
               agricultural production and livestock, notes with concern their ability to store and
               transfer resources, and requests the Panel, with input from FGS and UNODC, to
               conduct an analysis of all of Al-Shabaab’s revenue sources, their methods of storage
               and transfer, and mapping of illegal taxation systems, and to provide
               recommendations to the Committee pursuant to resolution 751 (1992) concerning
               Somalia (the Committee);
                    2.     Requests the FGS to strengthen cooperation and coordination with other
               Member States, particularly other Member States in the region, and with international
               partners to prevent and counter the financing of terrorism, including compliance with

2/11                                                                                19-19826

                                                                                S/RES/2498 (2019)

           resolution 1373 (2001), resolution 2178 (2014), resolution 2462 (2019), and relevant
           domestic and international law, and requests the FGS to submit, in their regular
           reporting to the Committee, an update on concrete actions taken by the FGS to counter
           the financing of terrorism;
                 3.    Calls upon the FGS, in coordination with the FMS, to accelerate the
           implementation of the National Security Architecture, including decisions around the
           composition, distribution and command and control of the security forces, and to take
           further steps to deliver the Somali-led Transition Plan, and underlines the
           responsibility of the FGS to ensure the safe and effective management, storage and
           security of their stockpiles of weapons, ammunition and other military equipment and
           their distribution, including implementation of a system which allows tracking of all
           such military equipment and supplies to the unit level;
                4.    Reiterates the importance of the FGS and FMS enhancing civilian
           oversight of all their security institutions and implementing appropriate vetting of all
           defence and security personnel, including human rights vetting, calls upon the FGS
           to continue to investigate promptly and as appropriate prosec ute individuals
           responsible for violations of international law, including international humanitarian
           law and international human rights law, and recalls the importance of the Secretary-General’s Human Rights and Due Diligence Policy in relation to the support provided
           by the United Nations to the Somali security forces and AMISOM;
                 5.    Calls upon the international community to support implementation of the
           Somali-led Transition Plan to help develop credible, professional and representative
           Somali security forces, including providing additional and coordinated support to
           develop the weapons and ammunition management capacity of the FGS and FMS,
           with a particular focus on training, storage, support for infrastructure and distribution,
           technical assistance and capacity building with regard to countering financing of
           terrorism, and support in tackling the threat of IEDs;

           Arms Embargo
                 6.    Reaffirms that all States shall for the purposes of establishing peace and
           stability in Somalia, implement a general and complete embargo on all deliveries of
           weapons and military equipment to Somalia, including prohibiting the financing of
           all acquisitions and deliveries of weapons and military equipment and the direct
           or indirect supply of technical advice, financial and other assistance, and training
           related to military activities, until the Council decides otherwise (as initially imposed
           by paragraph 5 of its resolution 733 (1992) and paragraphs 1 and 2 of resolution 1425
           (2002));
                 7.    Decides that weapons and military equipment sold or supplied solely for
           the development of the Somali National Security Forces or Somali security sector
           institutions other than those of the FGS in accordance with paragraph 9 of this
           resolution shall not be resold to, transferred to, or made available for use by any
           individual or entity not in the service of the Somali National Security Forces or
           Somali security sector institution to which it was originally sold or supplied or the
           selling or supplying State or international, regional or subregional organisation;
                 8.    Reaffirms that the FGS, in cooperation with the FMS, and AMISOM shall
           document and register all weapons and military equipment captured as part of
           offensive operations or in the course of carrying out their mandates, including
           recording the type and serial number of the weapon and/or ammunition,
           photographing all items and relevant markings and facilitating insp ection by the Panel
           of all military items before their redistribution or destruction;

19-19826                                                                                3/11

S/RES/2498 (2019)

          (i)   Exemptions, advance approvals and notifications
                      9.     Decides that until 15 November 2020 the arms embargo on Somalia shall
                not apply to deliveries of weapons and military equipment or the provision of
                technical advice, financial and other assistance, and training related to military
                activities, intended solely for the development of the Somali National Security Forces
                or Somalia security sector institutions other than those of the FGS to provide security
                for the Somali people, except in relation to items in Annex A and B to this resolution
                and the delivery of technical advice, financial and other assistance, and training
                related to military activities, which are subject to the relevant advance approvals and
                notification procedures as set out in paragraphs 10–17;
                      10. Decides that deliveries of items in Annex A to this resolution intended
                solely for the development of the Somali National Security Forces, or Somali sec urity
                sector institutions other than those of the FGS, to provide security for the Somali
                people, require an advance approval by the Committee on a case by-case basis,
                submitted at least five working days in advance by the FGS or the State or
                international, regional or subregional organisation delivering assistance;
                      11. Decides that deliveries of items in Annex B to this resolution and the
                delivery of technical advice, financial and other assistance, and training related to
                military activities intended solely for the development of the Somali National
                Security Forces to provide security for the Somali people are subject to notifications
                to the Committee for information submitted at least five working days in advance by
                the FGS or the State or international, regional or subregional organisation delivering
                assistance;
                      12. Decides that deliveries of weapons and military equipment listed in Annex
                B to this resolution or the delivery of technical advice, financial and other assistance,
                and training related to military activities, intended solely for the purposes of helping
                develop Somali security sector institutions other than those of the FGS, may be
                provided in the absence of a negative decision by the Committee within five working
                days of receiving a notification from the supplying State or international, regional
                and sub-regional organisation and requests States or international, regional and
                sub-regional organisations to inform the FGS in parallel of any such deliveries at least
                five working days in advance;
                      13. Decides that the FGS has the primary responsibility to seek approval from
                or notify the Committee pursuant to paragraph 10 or 11, as applicable of any
                deliveries of weapons and military equipment or the delivery of technical advice,
                financial and other assistance, and training related to military activities to the Somali
                National Security Forces, at least five days in advance, and that all requests for
                approvals and notifications should include: details of the manufacturer and supplier
                of the weapons and military equipment, a description of the arms and ammunition
                including the type, calibre and ammunition, proposed date and place of delivery, and
                all relevant information concerning the intended destination unit in the Somali
                National Security Forces, or the intended place of storage;
                      14. Decides that the State or international, regional or subregional
                organisation delivering weapons and military equipment or technical advice, financial
                and other assistance, and training related to military activiti es to the Somali National
                Security Forces pursuant to paragraph 10 or 11, may alternatively, make an advance
                request for approval or notification, as applicable, in consultation with the FGS,
                decides that a State or international, regional or subregional organisation choosing to
                do so should inform the appropriate national coordinating body within the FGS of the
                advance request for approval or notification and provide the FGS with technical
                support with notification procedures where appropriate, and requests the Committee

4/11                                                                                19-19826

                                                                                S/RES/2498 (2019)

                  to transmit advance requests for approval and notifications from States or
                  international, regional or subregional organisations to the appropriate national
                  coordinating body in the FGS;
                        15. Decides that a State or international, regional or subregional organisation
                  delivering any weapon and military equipment, technical advice, financial and other
                  assistance, and training related to military activities to Somali security sector
                  institutions other than those of the FGS, pursuant to paragrap h 10 or 12, has
                  responsibility for seeking approval from or notifying the Committee, as applicable,
                  for any deliveries of those items, advice, assistance or training, and informing the
                  FGS in parallel at least five working days in advance;
                        16. Decides that where paragraphs 10 or 11 apply, that the FGS shall no later
                  than 30 days after the delivery of weapons and military equipment, submit to the
                  Committee a post-delivery notification in the form of written confirmation of the
                  completion of any delivery to the Somali National Security Forces, including
                  the serial numbers for the weapons and military equipment delivered, shipping
                  information, bill of lading, cargo manifests or packing lists, and the specific place of
                  storage, and recognises the value of the supplying State or international, regional or
                  subregional organisation doing the same, in cooperation with the FGS;
                        17. Reaffirms that the delivery of non-lethal military equipment intended
                  solely for humanitarian or protective use shall be notified to t he Committee five days
                  in advance for its information only, by the supplying State or international, regional
                  or subregional organisation;
                        18. Notes with concern reports that States were not adequately following the
                  notification procedures set out in prior resolutions, reminds States of their obligations
                  pursuant to the notification procedures, set out in paragraph 10–17, and further urges
                  States to follow strictly the notification procedures for providing assistance to
                  develop Somali security sector institutions other than those of the FGS;

           (ii)   Exceptions
                       19.   Reaffirms that the embargo shall not apply to:
                        (a) Supplies of weapons or military equipment or the provision of technical
                  advice, financial and other assistance, and training related to milit ary activities
                  intended solely for the support of or use by United Nations personnel, including the
                  United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM), the African Union Mission
                  in Somalia (AMISOM); AMISOM’s strategic partners, operating solely under the
                  latest African Union Strategic Concept of Operations, and in cooperation and
                  coordination with AMISOM; and the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) in
                  Somalia, all as per paragraph 10 (a)–(d) of resolution 2111 (2013);
                        (b) Supplies of weapons and military equipment destined for the sole use of
                  States or international, regional and subregional organisations undertaking measures
                  to suppress acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, upon the
                  request of the FGS for which it has notified the Secretary-General, and provided that
                  any measures undertaken shall be consistent with applicable international
                  humanitarian and international human rights law;
                       (c) Supplies of protective clothing, including flak jackets and military
                  helmets, temporarily exported to Somalia by United Nations personnel,
                  representatives of the media and humanitarian and development workers and
                  associated personnel for their personal use only;
                       (d) Entry into Somali ports for temporary visits of vessels carrying weapo ns
                  and military equipment for defensive purposes provided that such items remain at all

19-19826                                                                                5/11

S/RES/2498 (2019)

               times aboard such vessels (as previously affirmed by paragraph 3 of resolution 2244
               (2015));

               Targeted sanctions in Somalia
                     20. Recalls its decisions in its resolution 1844 (2008) which imposed targeted
               sanctions and its resolutions 2002 (2011), and 2093 (2013) which expanded the listing
               criteria, and recalls its decisions in its resolutions 2060 (2012) and 2444 (2018), and
               further recalls that the listing criteria includes, but is not limited to, planning,
               directing or committing acts involving sexual and gender based violence;
                     21. Requests the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children
               and Armed Conflict and the Special Representative for Sexual Violence in Conflict
               to share relevant information with the Committee in accordance with paragraph 7 of
               resolution 1960 (2010) and paragraph 9 of resolution 1998 (2011), and invites the
               Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to share relevant
               information with the Committee, as appropriate;
                     22. Decides that until 15 November 2020 and without prejudice to
               humanitarian assistance programmes conducted elsewhere, the measures imposed by
               paragraph 3 of its resolution 1844 (2008) shall not apply to the payment of funds,
               other financial assets or economic resources necessary to ensure the timely deliver y
               of urgently needed humanitarian assistance in Somalia, by the United Nations, its
               specialised agencies or programmes, humanitarian organisations having observer
               status with the United Nations General Assembly that provide humanitarian
               assistance, and their implementing partners including bilaterally or multilaterally
               funded non-governmental organisations participating in the United Nations
               Humanitarian Response Plan for Somalia;

               Somalia Charcoal ban
                     23. Condemns any exports of charcoal from Somalia in violation of the total
               ban on the export of charcoal, reaffirms its decision regarding the ban on the import
               and export of Somali charcoal, as set out in paragraph 22 of its resolution 2036 (2012)
               (“the charcoal ban”), and paragraphs 11 to 21 of resolution 2182 (2014), and decides
               to renew the provisions set out in paragraph 15 of resolution 2182 (2014) until
               15 November 2020;
                    24. Reiterates its requests that AMISOM support and assist the FGS and FMSs
               in implementing the total ban on the export of charcoal from Somalia, and calls upon
               AMISOM to facilitate regular access for the Panel to charcoal exporting ports;
                      25. Reaffirms the importance of the efforts of the Combined Maritime Forces
               (CMF) to disrupt the export and import of charcoal to and from S omalia, and
               encourages the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to continue its work with
               the FGS and FMS, within its current mandate, under the Indian Ocean Forum on
               Maritime Crime to bring together relevant States and international organisations to
               develop strategies to disrupt the trade in Somali charcoal, and the trafficking of other
               licit and illicit goods that may finance terrorist activities in Somalia;

               IED components ban
                     26. Noting the increase in IED attacks undertaken by Al-Shabaab, decides that
               all States shall prevent the direct or indirect sale, supply or transfer of the items in
               part I of Annex C to this resolution to Somalia from their territories or by their
               nationals outside their territories, or using their flag vessels or aircraf t if there is
               sufficient evidence to demonstrate that the item(s) will be used, or a significant risk
               they may be used, in the manufacture in Somalia of improvised explosive devices;

6/11                                                                                19-19826

                                                                                S/RES/2498 (2019)

                 27. Further decides that, where an item in part I of Annex C to this resolution
           is directly or indirectly sold, supplied or transferred to Somalia consistent with
           paragraph 27, the State shall notify the Committee of the sale, supply or transfer no
           more than 15 working days after the sale, supply or transfer takes place, and stresses
           the importance that notifications pursuant to this paragraph contain all relevant
           information, including the purpose of the use of the item(s), the end user, the technical
           specifications and the quantity of the item(s) to be shipped;
                 28. Calls upon Member States to undertake appropriate measures to promote
           the exercise of vigilance by their nationals, persons subject to their jurisdiction and
           firms incorporated in their territory or subject to their jurisdiction that are involved
           in the sale, supply, or transfer of explosive precursors and materials to Somalia that
           may be used in the manufacture of improvised explosive devices, including inter alia
           items in part II of Annex C, to keep records of transactions and share information
           with the FGS, the Committee and the Panel regarding suspicious purchases of or
           enquiries into these chemicals by individuals in Somalia and to ensure that the FGS
           and FMS are provided with adequate financial and technical assistance to establish
           appropriate safeguards for the storage and distribution of materials;

           Panel of Experts on Somalia
                 29. Decides to renew, with effect from the date of adoption of this resolution,
           until 15 December 2020, the Panel on Somalia and that the mandate of the Panel shall
           include the tasks referred to in paragraph 11 of resolution 2444 (2018) and paragraph
           1 of this resolution, requests the Secretary-General to include dedicated gender
           expertise, in line with paragraph 11 of its resolution 2467 (2019), and expresses its
           intention to review the mandate of the Panel and take appropriate action regarding
           any extension to the mandate no later than 15 November 2020;
                30. Urges the FGS to cooperate with the Panel to facilitate interviews of
           suspected members of Al-Shabaab and ISIL held in custody, reiterates the importance
           of cooperation between the Panel and the FGS, urges the FGS to resume full
           cooperation with the Panel, including setting a date for a visit by the incoming Panel
           to Somalia without further delay, notes the importance of the Panel carrying out their
           mandate in line with document S/2006/997, and requests the Panel to give
           recommendations to the Committee on how to support the FGS in weapons and
           ammunition management including efforts towards establishing a National Small
           Arms and Light Weapons Commission;
                31. Reiterates its request for States, the FGS, the FMS and AMISOM to
           provide information to the Panel, and assist them in their investigations, urges the
           FGS and the FMS to facilitate access for the Panel, on the basis of writt en requests to
           the FGS by the Panel, to all FGS armouries in Mogadishu, all FGS -imported weapons
           and ammunition prior to distribution, all FGS military storage facilities in Somalia
           National Army (SNA) sectors and all captured weaponry in FGS and FMS custo dy,
           and to allow photographs of weapons and ammunition in FGS and FMS custody and
           access to all FGS and FMS logbooks and distribution records, in order to enable the
           Security Council to monitor and assess implementation of this resolution;

           Reporting
                32. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the Security Council with an
           update, no later than the 31 July 2020 on any further developments towards the
           normalisation of relations between Eritrea and Djibouti;
                33. Requests the Panel to provide monthly updates to the Committee,
           including a comprehensive mid-term update as well as to submit, for the Security
           Council’s consideration, through the Committee, a final report by 15 October 2020 to

19-19826                                                                                7/11

S/RES/2498 (2019)

               include a focused analysis on the financial revenues of Al -Shabaab pursuant to
               paragraph 1;
                    34. Requests the Emergency Relief Coordinator to report to the Security
               Council by 15 October 2020 on the delivery of humanitarian assistance in Somalia
               and on any impediments to the delivery of humanitarian assistance in Somali a;
                     35. Requests the FGS to report to the Security Council in accordance with
               paragraph 9 of resolution 2182 (2014) and as requested in paragraph 7 of resolution
               2244 (2015), by 15 February 2020 and then by 15 August 2020, on the structure,
               composition, strength and disposition of its security forces, and the status of regional
               and militia forces, including as annexes the reports of the Joint Verification Team
               (JVT) requested in paragraph 7 of resolution 2182 (2014), and incorporating the
               notifications regarding the destination unit in the Somali National Security Forces or
               the place of storage of military equipment upon distribution of imported arms and
               ammunition, and requests future reports of the JVT to cross-reference serial numbers
               of weapons documented by the JVT with available records detailing the distribution
               of arms to the security forces;
                    36.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

8/11                                                                                19-19826

                                                                                S/RES/2498 (2019)

Annex A
           Items subject to the Committee’s advance approval

           1. Surface to air missiles, including Man-Portable Air-Defence Systems
           (MANPADS);
           2.   Weapons with a calibre greater than 12.7 mm, and components specially
           designed for these, and associated ammunition;
           Note: (This does not include shoulder fired anti-tank rocket launchers such as RPGs
           or LAWs (light anti-tank weapon), rifle grenades, or grenade launchers.);
           3.   Mortars with a calibre greater than 82 mm and associated ammunition;
           4. Anti-tank guided weapons, including Anti-tank Guided Missiles (ATGMs) and
           ammunition and components specially designed for these items;
           5.   Charges and devices specifically designed or modified for military use; mines
           and related materiel;
           6.   Weapon sights with a night vision capability;
           7.   Aircraft, specifically designed or modified for military use;
           Note: ‘Aircraft’ means fixed wing, swivel wing, rotary wing, tilt rotor or tilt wing
           vehicle, or helicopter.
           8.   ‘Vessels’ and amphibious vehicles specifically designed or modified for military
           use;
           Note: ‘Vessel’ includes any ship, surface effect vehicle, vessel of small waterplane
           area or hydrofoil and the hull or part of the hull of a vessel.
           9.  Unmanned combat aerial vehicles (listed as Category IV in the UN Register of
           Conventional Arms).

19-19826                                                                                9/11

S/RES/2498 (2019)

Annex B
               Equipment requiring a notification with regard to deliveries to the
               Somali National Security Forces and Committee approval for
               Somalia security sector institutions other than those of the FGS

                    • All types of weapons with a calibre up to 12.7mm: and associated ammunition;
                    • RPG-7 and recoilless rifles, and associated ammunition;
                    • Helmets manufactured according to military standards or specification, or
                      comparable national standards;
                    • Body armour or protective garments, as follows:
                        o Soft body armour or protective garments, manufactured to military
                          standards or specifications, or their equivalents;
                                 Note: military standards or specifications include, as a minimum,
                           specifications for fragmentation protection.
                        o Hard body armour plates providing ballistic protection equal to or greater
                          that level III (NIJ 0101.06 July 2008) or national equivalents;
                    • Ground vehicles specifically designed or modified for military use;
                    • Communication equipment specifically designed or modified for military use;
                    • Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)            positioning     equipment,
                      specifically designed or modified for military use.

10/11                                                                                19-19826

                                                                                S/RES/2498 (2019)

Annex C
           Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) Components

           Explosive materials, explosives precursors, explosive-related
           equipment, and related technology

           Part I
           1.   Explosive materials, as follows, and mixtures containing one or more thereof:
                a.    Nitrocellulose (containing more than 12.5% nitrogen w/w);
                b.    Trinitrophenylmethylnitramine (tetryl);
           2.   Explosive-related goods:
                 a.    Equipment and devices specially designed to initiate explosives by
           electrical or non-electrical means (e.g. firing sets, detonators, igniters, detonating
           chord).
           3.    “Technology” required for the “production” or “use” of the items listed at
           paras. 1, 2 & 3.

           Part II
           1.   Explosive materials, as follows, and mixtures containing one or more thereof:
                a.    Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO);
                b.    Nitroglycol;
                c.    Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN);
                d.    Picryl chloride;
                e.    2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT).
           2.   Explosives precursors:
                a.    Ammonium nitrate;
                b.    Potassium nitrate;
                c.    Sodium chlorate;
                d.    Nitric acid;
                e.    Sulphuric acid.

19-19826                                                                                11/11

Security Council resolution 2498 (2019) [on extension of exemptions for the arms embargo and enforcement authorizations for the ban on illicit trade and on extension of the mandate of the Panel of Experts on Somalia until 15 Dec. 2020]

S/74 [84] SOMALIA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Somalia.

UN. Panel of Experts on Somalia|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|SANCTIONS|ARMS EMBARGO|ARMS TRANSFERS|CHARCOAL|SOMALIA|SOMALIA SITUATION|SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE

Southern Asia|Sub-Saharan Africa|Western Asia