               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2457 (2019)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                27 February 2019

               Resolution 2457 (2019)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8473rd meeting, on
               27 February 2019

                    The Security Council,
                     Reaffirming its primary responsibility under the Charter of the United Nations
               for the maintenance of international peace and security as well as its commitment to
               uphold the Purposes and Principles of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     Recalling that the prevention of conflict remains a primary responsibility of
               States, and further recalling their responsibility to protect civilians and to respect
               human rights, as provided for by relevant international law, and further reaffirming
               the responsibility of each individual State to protect its populations from genocide,
               war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity,
                    Recalling in this regard its previous Presidential Statements and resolutions
               concerning the various factors and causes that play a role in triggering, worsening or
               prolonging conflicts in Africa,
                     Expressing concern over conflicts in different geographic areas, and reiterating
               that the United Nations’ cooperation with regional and subregional organizations is
               critical to contributing to the prevention of the outbreak, escalation, continuation and
               recurrence of conflict, in line with Chapter VIII of the United Natio ns Charter,
                     Noting that Africa still faces enormous challenges, including: governance
               deficits, economic difficulties, high rates of unemployment, the mismanagement of
               ethnic diversity, competition over power and resources, state fragility and weak state
               institutions, ungoverned spaces which leave room for illegal activities, the continued
               flow of weapons into the continent and their illicit circulation, mercenary activity,
               insurgencies and rebellions, inadequate border monitoring and control that facilita tes
               transnational organized crime, illicit exploitation of natural resources, continued
               crisis that precipitate irregular migration, corruption, illicit financial flows which
               facilitate funding for illegal activities, climate change and natural disasters, and slow
               processes in the ratification of AU instruments and policies,
                     Reaffirming the need to address the multidimensional nature of peace and
               security challenges facing African countries emerging from conflict, and emphasizing
               the importance of a comprehensive and integrated approach for peace building and
               sustaining peace, with a view to preventing them from relapsing into conflict,

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                      Gravely concerned that the illicit trade, destabilizing accumulation and misuse
               of small arms and light weapons in many regions of the world, including Africa,
               continue to pose threats to international peace and security, cause significant loss of
               life, contribute to instability and insecurity,
                      Recalling in this regard all international, regional and subregional instruments
               addressing the illicit trade, destabilizing accumulation and misuse of small arms and
               light weapons in Africa, including the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and
               Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Lights Weapons in All Its Aspects, and
               its relevant resolutions, which contribute to conflict prevention in Africa,
                    Noting that in some armed conflict situations, the illicit exploitation, trafficking,
               and illicit trade of natural resources has contributed to the outbreak, escalation or
               continuation of such conflicts and further noting the resolutions adopted and sanctions
               measures taken on this issue to support the prevention of illegal exploitation of natural
               resources, particularly timber, so-called “conflict minerals” like tin, tantalum,
               tungsten and gold, as well as diamonds, cobalt, charcoal and wildlife from fueling
               armed conflicts, and encouraging the AU member states to promote the transparent
               and lawful management of natural resources, including the adoption of government
               revenue targets to finance development, sustainable regulatory and customs
               frameworks, and responsible mineral sourcing supply chain due diligence,
                     Noting that the African Union is implementing an institutional reform agenda
               aimed at ensuring greater effectiveness and efficiency and further noting the potential
               of these reforms to strengthen the African Union and allow the organization to partner
               more effectively with the United Nations in addressing the peace and security
               challenges on the continent,
                     Noting the measures so far taken and in course towards the implementation of
               the goal of Silencing the Guns in Africa by the African Union as well as other relevant
               stakeholders, and further noting the adoption, implementation and reporting on the
               African Union Master Roadmap of Practical Steps to Silence the Guns in Africa by
               Year 2020, in the context of the simultaneous implementation of the African Peace
               and Security Architecture and the African Governance Architecture,
                      Welcoming the decision by the African Union Peace and Security Council to
               declare September of each year until 2020 Africa Amnesty Month for the surrender
               of illegally owned weapons and arms,
                     Noting that achieving the goal of Silencing the Guns in Africa will contribute
               significantly to saving succeeding generations from the scourge of war, and further
               noting that the African Union’s efforts as outlined in its Agenda 2063 to ensure an
               integrated, peaceful, secure and prosperous Africa and lay a solid foundation for
               inclusive growth and sustainable development is closely aligned with the United
               Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,
                     Noting the aspirations of peace, security and stability in Africa and the
               UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) constitute shared priorities as outlined
               in the two Joint United Nations-African Union Frameworks for Enhanced Partnership
               in Peace and Security, Africa’s Agenda 2063, and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
               Development,
                     Reaffirming the importance of supporting the African Union Agenda 2063, as a
               strategic vision and an action plan for ensuring a positive socioeconomic
               transformation in Africa by 2063, and acknowledges the emphasis in Agenda 2063 on
               peace and security as critical enablers for sustainable development,

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                  Taking note of the African Union's continued efforts to operationalize its policy
           on post-conflict reconstruction and development (PCRD), including its relevant
           initiatives particularly the African Solidarity Initiative (ASI) and further takes note of
           the decisions of the Assembly AU/Dec.351(XVI) of January 2011 and AU/Dec.710
           (XXXI) of June 2018 on the establishment of the African Union Cen ter for
           Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Development (AU-PCRD) in Cairo,
                Recalling the discussion that took place during the 12th annual consultation
           between members of the United Nations Security Council and the African Union
           Peace and Security Council on 19 July 2018 on the African Union’s goal of Silencing
           the Guns in Africa by the year 2020, and the exchange of views on possible
           cooperation in the implementation of the AU Master Roadmap of Practical Steps to
           Silence the Guns in Africa by the Year 2020,
                Recalling resolutions 2320 (2016) and 2378 (2017), acknowledging the need to
           enhance the predictability, sustainability and flexibility o f financing for African
           Union-led peace support operations authorized by the Security Council and utilized
           pursuant to Chapter VIII of the Charter,
                 Welcoming the progress made on the partnership between the United Nations
           and the African Union, which has been characterized by closer collaboration, joint
           field visits by senior officials, more regular exchanges of information, deeper
           consultations, increasingly coordinated action, and greater collaboration between the
           Secretariat and the Commission,
                  1.    Welcomes the African Union’s determination to rid Africa of conflicts and
           create conditions favorable for the growth, development and integration of the
           continent as encapsulated in its goal of Silencing the Guns in Africa by the Year 2020
           and its Master Roadmap outlining practical steps that underpin the actions necessary
           for its attainment of the goal of a conflict-free Africa by 2020;
                 2.   Takes note of the African Union’s effort to advance Africa’s political,
           social and economic integration agenda and to the ideal of pan-Africanism and
           African renaissance, as well as the pledge to “end all wars in Africa by 2020” and
           “achieve the goal of a conflict-free Africa”, as affirmed in the solemn declaration
           adopted on 26 May 2013 on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the
           Organization of African Unity/African Union, and expresses its readiness to
           contribute, and calls upon all, in particular relevant United Nations entities, as
           appropriate, to help to achieve this goal;
                 3.    Acknowledges that the building of a conflict free Africa essentially rests
           on the African Union, its Member States, their people and their institutions, including
           their civil society and expresses support for initiatives aimed at finding African
           solutions to African problems, while also recognizing the need for international
           cooperation and partnership to help accelerate progress towards the realization of this
           continental goal;
                 4.    Takes note of the ongoing efforts of the African Union and the subregional
           organizations, within the framework of the African Peace and Security Architecture
           (APSA) to strengthen their capacity and undertake peace support operations in the
           continent, in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations,
           particularly the African Standby Force and its Rapid Deployment Capability, and
           encourages the UN Secretariat and the African Union Commission to collaborate
           towards strengthening the APSA by supporting the APSA road map and silencing the
           guns master roadmap and their respective work plans;
                 5.    Takes note of the efforts by the African Union on combating the
           transnational threats of terrorism in Africa consistent with international human rights
           law, international refugee law, international humanitarian law and taking into account

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               gender perspectives; underscores the need for a sustained, cooperative and
               coordinated approach to countering terrorism, and, in this regard, welcomes the
               ongoing cooperation with the Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate (CTED) and
               notes the engagement by the Office of Counter-Terrorism with African Union
               counterparts on collaboration and capacity-building support in relation to counterterrorism and countering violent extremism conducive to terrorism in the context of
               the joint UN-AU framework for enhanced partnership in the area of peace and
               security;
                    6.     Expresses concern over the challenging security situation in parts of
               Africa, notably threats posed by terrorism, maritime piracy, tensions between
               pastoralists and farmer communities, subversive mercenary activities, tran snational
               organized crime, which can include illicit trafficking in persons, arms, drugs, and
               natural resources, and the persistent violence perpetrated by insurgents, rebel, and
               armed groups, and, in this regard, encourages enhancement of border control,
               management, and cooperation measures;
                     7.    Emphasizes the valuable contribution of African Union’s mediation
               capacities, and of regional and subregional organizations, to ensuring the coherence,
               synergy and collective effectiveness of their efforts, and enc ourages greater
               cooperation and collaboration with the Secretary-General’s High-Level Advisory
               Board on Mediation in the prevention and resolution of conflicts in Africa, including
               the possibility of fielding of joint mediation teams in response to conflic t and crisis
               situation in the continent;
                     8.    Encourages the United Nations and the African Union to strengthen their
               efforts to coordinate their engagement in a mutually supportive manner, across the
               range of possible responses to conflict – from prevention and mediation to
               peacekeeping and peacebuilding to post-conflict recovery and development in line
               with their joint framework for enhanced partnership in peace and security particularly
               in ensuring effective implementation of peace agreements by warring p arties to
               conflict, and in this regard, stresses the need to continue enhancing strategic dialogue,
               partnerships, more regular exchange of views, analyses and information at the
               working level to build capacities in relation to the preventive diplomacy tool s,
               invigorate and engage potential and existing capacities and capabilities, particularly
               through United Nations regional political offices, contribute to the coherence and
               integration of their preventive diplomacy efforts, inter alia, through mediation an d
               the Secretary-General’s Good Offices, as appropriate;
                     9.   Underscores the importance of the two joint UN-AU partnership
               frameworks in galvanizing concrete and practical system and commission wide
               support towards helping Africa make tangible progress towa rds achieving its goal of
               creating a conflict free continent and expresses its readiness to support the
               implementation of the African Union Master Roadmap of Practical Steps to Silence
               the Guns in Africa by year 2020;
                     10. Acknowledges the memorandum of understanding signed between the
               United Nations and the African Union to strengthen cooperation in support of efforts
               aimed at peacebuilding and sustaining peace in Africa; reaffirms the primary
               responsibility of national governments and authorities in ident ifying, driving and
               directing priorities, strategies and activities for peacebuilding and sustaining peace;
               emphasizes the importance of partnership and cooperation between the United
               Nations and relevant regional and subregional organizations, including the African
               Union, to improve cooperation and coordination in peacebuilding, to increase
               synergies and ensure the coherence and complementarity of such efforts, and in this
               regard, welcomes the holding of regular exchanges of views, joint initiatives, and
               information sharing between the Peacebuilding Support Office and the African Union

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           Commission and the African Union Peace and Security Council and encourages the
           Peacebuilding Commission to hold exchanges of views, as appropriate, with relevant
           regional and subregional organizations, including the African Union in line with
           resolutions 1645 (2005) and 2282 (2016);
                 11. Notes the importance of consultations between the Security Council and
           the AU Peace and Security Council in their respective decision making processes and
           common strategies for a holistic response to conflict, as appropriate, based on
           respective comparative advantage, burden sharing, joint analysis and planning
           missions and assessment visits by the UN and AU, monitoring and evaluation,
           transparency and accountability, to address common security challenges in Africa in
           accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, including Cha pter VIII and the
           Purposes and principles;
                 12. Welcomes the African Union decision to reaffirm Africa as a nuclear free
           zone and stresses the need for full implementation of existing international, regional
           and subregional instruments addressing the illicit trade, destabilizing accumulation
           and misuse of small arms and light weapons in Africa, including, the United Nations
           Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small
           Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, and its relevant resolutions, which
           contribute to conflict prevention in Africa;
                 13. Underlines the need for effective implementation of relevant arms control
           and disarmament instruments and regimes as well as arm embargoes imposed by the
           United Nations Security Council and welcomes efforts to assist Member States as
           well as intergovernmental, regional and subregional organizations such as the African
           Union in capacity-building to prevent and address the illicit trade in, and destabili zing
           accumulation and misuse of, small arms and light weapons, and encourages African
           states to safeguard national stockpiles of weapons to prevent their illicit diversion;
                 14. Notes the UN partnership with the AU in the field of peacekeeping,
           including by supporting the AU’s efforts to develop AU policy, guidance and training
           in particular in the areas of security sector reform, post -conflict reconstruction and
           development, women, peace and security, and youth, peace and security;
                 15. Reaffirms the important role of women in the prevention and resolution of
           conflicts and in peacebuilding as well as in post-conflict situations, as recognized in
           relevant Security Council resolutions including 1325 (2000) and resolution 2242
           (2015) and welcomes in this regard the roles of “FemWise-Africa”, Network of
           African Women in Conflict Prevention and Mediation and the African Women
           Leaders Network (AWLN), emphasizes also the need for joint action between the UN
           and AU to end sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict situations, stresses
           the importance of the full implementation of the measures for the prevention and
           response to Conflict-related Sexual Violence in relevant Security Council resolutions
           and welcomes the Secretary-General’s continued efforts to implement and reinforce
           the United Nations zero tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse;
                 16. Reaffirms the important and positive contribution of youth to the efforts
           for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security and the role young people
           play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts, and as a key aspect of the
           sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts,
           as well as in post-conflict situations and It also encourages all those involved in the
           planning for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the needs of
           youth affected by armed conflict, including the pr oblem of youth unemployment in
           the continent, by investing in building young person’s capabilities and skills to meet
           labor demands through relevant education opportunities designed in a manner which
           promotes a culture of peace;

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                     17. Recognizes in particular that a strong focus is needed on combatting
               poverty, deprivation and inequality to prevent and protect children from all violations
               and abuses in particular in the context of armed conflict and to promote the resilience
               of children, their families and their communities, and the importance of promoting
               education for all and peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development and
               further emphasizes the importance of giving due consideration to child protection
               issues from the early stages of all peace processes, in particular the integration of
               child protection provisions, as well as of peace agreements that put strong emphasis
               on the best interest of the child, the treatment of children separated from armed groups
               as victims and focus on family and community-based reintegration;
                     18. Recognizes the adverse effects of climate change, ecological changes and
               natural disasters, among other factors, on the stability of a number of AU Member
               States, including through drought, desertification, land degra dation and food
               insecurity, and emphasizes the need for adequate risk assessment and risk
               management strategies by the respective governments and the United Nations relating
               to these factors;
                      19. Calls upon AU Member States to enhance good governance, including the
               elimination of corruption, strengthening of democratic institutions, respect for human
               rights, and accountability and to redouble their efforts in economic development and
               the promotion of the well-being of their people with a view to addressing the root
               causes of conflicts and laying a solid foundation for durable peace and stability; and
               further encourages all AU member states to sign, ratify and domesticate all AU
               initiatives related to the promotion of democracy, human rights and good governa nce
               and promote universal application through the continent as requested in the latest AU
               Summit communique regarding the implementation of the Silencing the Guns Agenda
               in the continent;
                     20. Reaffirms its determination to take action against illicit exploitation and
               trafficking of natural resources and high-value commodities in areas where it
               contributes to the outbreak, escalation or continuation of armed conflict in Africa and
               encourages AU Member States to strengthen their regulatory mechanisms on the
               exploitation and management of natural resources and to ensure that the proceeds
               from these resources are utilized in meeting the basic needs of their people, with a
               view to promoting equitable development and distribution of benefits ;
                     21. Reiterates its intention to consider steps that can be taken to enhance
               practical cooperation with the African Union in the promotion and maintenance of
               peace and security in Africa in line with Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter;
                     22. Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Chairperson of
               the African Union Commission, when appropriate, to provide updates on
               implementation measures towards enhancing the support of the United Nations and
               its agencies to the African Union in the implementation of Vision 2020 to Silence the
               Guns in Africa, including as part of his Report on Strengthening the Partnership
               between the United Nations and the African Union on Issues of Peace and Security in
               Africa.

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Security Council resolution 2457 (2019) [on ending conflict in Africa by 2020]

S/74 [100] AFRICA--REGIONAL SECURITY
S/74 [9] REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS--UN
S/ X Cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations in maintaining international peace and security.

African Union|WAR PREVENTION|REGIONAL COOPERATION|COOPERATION BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONS|REGIONAL SECURITY|AFRICA


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2458 (2019)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                28 February 2019

               Resolution 2458 (2019)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8474th meeting, on
               28 February 2019

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions, statements of its President and press
               statements on the situation in Guinea-Bissau, in particular resolutions 1876 (2009),
               2030 (2011), 2048 (2012), 2092 (2013), 2103 (2013), 2157 (2014), 2186 (2014), 2203
               (2015), 2267 (2016) 2343 (2017) and 2404 (2018),
                    Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on Guinea-Bissau, dated
               6 February 2019 (S/2019/115) and the recommendations contained therein, the
               special report dated 6 December 2018 (S/2018/1086) on the assessment of the United
               Nations Integration Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS), and
               underscoring the Secretary-General’s positive appreciation of the role of his Special
               Representative and head of UNIOGBIS in assisting the Government of Guinea -
               Bissau,
                      Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, unity and territorial
               integrity of Guinea Bissau, emphasizing that the Bissau-Guinean authorities have
               primary responsibility for the provision of stability and security throughout the
               territory of the country, and underscoring the importance of national ownership to
               implement inclusive political, peace and security related initiatives,
                     Stressing the continued need for the Government of Guinea-Bissau to take
               concrete steps towards ensuring peace, security and stability in the country, by
               inclusively resolving the Guinea Bissau political crisis, organizing free, fair, credible
               and transparent legislative and presidential elections as stipulated in the Bissau-Guinean Constitution, effectively reforming the security sector, tackling corruption
               through the reinforcement of the judicial system, improving public administration and
               State revenue management, as well as the supply of basic services to the population,
               promoting and protecting human rights and commending its commitment to the
               implementation of its national priorities,
                     Expressing concern regarding the negative impact that the recent political and
               institutional crisis had on the progress made since the restoration of constitutional
               order following the elections held in 2014, the functioning of the State apparatus and
               the implementation of Guinea-Bissau reform agenda,

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                     Expressing also concern for the situation of citizens of Guinea-Bissau, who are
               suffering the negative effects of the political crisis, and urging all political actors to
               put the interest of the Bissau-Guinean people above all other consideration,
                     Welcoming the continued engagement of the Special Representative of the
               Secretary-General Jose Viegas Filho, the President of the Republic of Nigeria, His
               Excellency Muhammadu Buhari, in his capacity as the Chairperson of the Economic
               Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the President of the Republic of
               Guinea, His Excellency Alpha Conde, in his capacity of ECOWAS Mediator for
               Guinea-Bissau, the Special Representative of the African Union, Ovidio Pequeno and
               other interlocutors in the political stabilization e fforts and support to the holding of
               the legislative elections on 10 March 2019 and recalling the need for continued
               concerted action among the United Nations, ECOWAS, the African Union, the
               Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP), and the European Union
               (EU),
                    Welcoming also the continued efforts of the five international organizations
               involved in the peacebuilding process in Guinea-Bissau (African Union, CPLP,
               ECOWAS, European Union, United Nations) and supporting their appeals to all
               stakeholders in Guinea-Bissau, to respect the principles established in the UN Charter
               and their obligations under International Human Rights Treaties and to refrain from
               any public action or discourse likely to aggravate tensions in the country,
                     Recalling that the implementation of the Conakry Agreement of 14 October
               2016, based on the ECOWAS road map entitled “Agreement on the resolution of the
               political crisis in Guinea-Bissau”, is the primary framework for the restoration of
               durable peace and stability in Guinea-Bissau,
                     Noting the final Communiqué of the 54th Ordinary Session of the Authority of
               Head of State and Government of ECOWAS of 22 December 2018, which inter alia
               reaffirmed the need to maintain the consensus government in its current form until
               the parliamentary elections of 10 March 2019; reiterating its intention to impose
               sanctions on the bases of proposals from the President of the Commission, against
               political stakeholders and others who obstruct the smooth conduct of the electoral
               process, and urged Bissau-Guinean political actors to remain faithful to their
               commitment to implement the road map adopted on 14 April 2018 in Lomé,
                    Welcoming the Communiqué of the Peace and Security Council (PSC) of the AU
               of 10 October 2018 underlining the important role of the five international
               organizations supporting the peace process in Guinea-Bissau, the AU, the UN,
               ECOWAS, EU and CPLP in the coordination of the efforts of the international
               community to support the organization of the elections,
                     Emphasizing the need for respect of democratic principles and stressing the
               importance of national reconciliation, inclusive dialogue and good governance,
               essential for the attainment of lasting peace in Guinea -Bissau, further stressing the
               importance of including all Bissau-Guineans ensuring the full and effective
               participation of women and youth in this process at national and local levels, while
               upholding the principles of separation of powers, rule of law, justice and combating
               impunity, and encouraging all stakeholders to engage in the process,
                     Encouraging national stakeholders to work together for 10 March 2019
               legislative elections, as well as 2019 presidential election scheduled by the
               Government of Guinea-Bissau, and stressing that timely, inclusive and credible
               elections, as spelled out in Conakry Agreement and the ECOWAS six-point road map,
               are essential for the resumption of sustainable and nationally owned reform efforts,
                     Stressing that the consolidation of peace and stability in Guinea-Bissau can only
               result from a consensual, inclusive and nationally owned process, respect for

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           constitutional order, priority reforms in the defence, security and justice sectors, the
           promotion of the rule of law, the protection of human rights, the promotion of
           socioeconomic development and the fight against impunity and drug trafficking, in
           the framework of the sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of
           Guinea-Bissau,
                 Reaffirming the importance of the continued non-interference of the defence and
           security forces in the political situation in Guinea-Bissau, and commending the
           restraint shown in this regard as well as the peacefulness of the people of Guinea -
           Bissau,
                Underscoring the importance of the Government of Guinea-Bissau, with the
           support of UNIOGBIS and international partners, to continue developing national
           security and rule of law institutions that are impartial, transparent, accountable and
           professional,
                 Stressing that all stakeholders in Guinea-Bissau should work to ensure short,
           medium and long-term stability through clear commitment and genuine inclusive
           political dialogue aimed at creating conditions conducive to finding viable and
           sustainable solutions to the country’s social, economic, political and military
           problems, which would facilitate the implementation of key reforms and the
           strengthening of State institutions,
                Encouraging continued efforts of the Government to ensure effective civilian
           control and oversight over the defence and security forces, as failure to do so could
           adversely affect the effective functioning of State institutions, as a result of collusion
           between some political actors and the military leadership,
                Commending the efforts of ECOWAS in helping to sustain peace, security and
           development and to support the security sector reform (SSR) process in Guinea-Bissau namely through the activities of its Mission (ECOMIB),
                Welcoming the continued contribution of ECOMIB in promoting stability in
           Guinea-Bissau and encouraging the international community to continue supporting
           and assisting ECOMIB,
                 Encouraging the commitment, efforts of mediation and direct contacts of the
           African Union with the political actors of Guinea Bissau in view of stepping up the
           efforts to help overcome the current blockage of the political situatio n,
                 Reiterating its call on the Government of Guinea-Bissau to conduct transparent,
           independent and credible investigations into human rights violations and abuses, in
           accordance with international standards, and to hold those responsible accountable
           for their actions,
                 Reiterating its concern at the threat posed by drug trafficking, as well as
           trafficking in all forms, including trafficking in persons, and related transnational
           organized crime to peace and stability; and, in this regard, encouraging sustained
           efforts of the Government of Guinea-Bissau, ECOWAS, UNIOGBIS, the United
           Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and other relevant stakeholders in
           combating this issue,
                 Re-emphasizing the need to tackle the problem of drug trafficking in the
           countries of origin, transit and final destination on a basis of a common and shared
           responsibility, to tackle the world drug problem and related criminal activities; and,
           in this regard, stressing the need for increased coherence, coordination and efficiency
           among relevant partners to enhance their collective efforts, in particular through
           sharing of information, underlining that any lasting solution to instability in Guinea -
           Bissau should include concrete actions to fight impunity and ensure that those
           responsible for politically motivated assassinations and other serious crimes such as

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               breaches of constitutional order and drug trafficking-related activities are brought to
               justice, including through national judicial mechanisms,
                     Reiterating the importance and urgency of the continued evaluation capacity
               and support provided by the relevant United Nations entities and international,
               regional, sub-regional and bilateral partners for the long-term security and
               development of Guinea-Bissau, particularly towards the implementation of security
               and justice sectors reforms, the fight against transnational organized crime as well as
               the creation of an enabling environment for good governance and inclusive and
               sustainable social development, and in this regard, commendi ng the important work
               UNODC in collaboration with relevant United Nations entities in Guinea -Bissau and
               the sub-region, and encouraging enhanced cooperation between UNODC and
               UNIOGBIS,
                     Urging Bissau-Guinean national stakeholders to demonstrate the necessary
               commitment to re-establish momentum for progress in key areas, as outlined in the
               programme “Terra Ranka” presented to the donor community at the Brussels round
               table held in March 2015,
                    Emphasizing the role of UNICEF working closely with government to create the
               proper conditions to provide education for the children of Guinea -Bissau,
                     Emphasizing the important role of women in prevention and resolution of
               conflicts and in peacebuilding, as recognized in resolutions 1325 (2000) and
               subsequent resolution on women, peace and security,
                      Emphasizing the cooperation between UNIOGBIS, national authorities and civil
               society organizations to increase women’s social and political participation in
               Guinea-Bissau, particularly with regard to the August 2018 adoption of a gender
               parity law in the National Assembly, ahead of the 10 March 2019 legislative elections
               and underlining that a gender perspective must continue to inform the implementation
               of all relevant aspects of the mandate of UNIOGBIS, including national reconciliation
               processes, institution building and to address the root causes of instability,
                     Reaffirming that Guinea-Bissau’s partners should continue to actively and
               closely coordinate their actions in support of the Government ’s efforts to address the
               country’s political, security and development challenges, and in this regard, recalling
               the coordinated and long-standing support provided by the country’s partners, namely
               those in the United Nations system, the African Union, ECOWAS, the Community of
               Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP), the EU, the World Bank, and the African
               Development Bank, to the Government during the International Donor Conference
               for Guinea-Bissau held on 25 March 2015 in Brussels,
                     Welcoming the continued engagement of the Peacebuilding Commission (PBC)
               with Guinea Bissau, and noting the briefing by the Chair of the PBC configuration
               for Guinea Bissau on 8 February 2019 reiterating its support to the Conakry
               Agreement, stressing the importance of holding free and fair elections in accordance
               with the Constitution of Guinea Bissau, and underlining the importance of renewing
               the mandate of UNIOGBIS of another year,
                    Reaffirming its full commitment to the consolidation of peace and stability in
               Guinea-Bissau,

               Renewal of the mandate
                    1.   Decides to extend the mandate of UNIOGBIS for a period of 12 months
               beginning on 1 March 2019 until 28 February 2020;
                    2.  Notes the report of the Secretary-General on the UNIOGBIS Strategic
               Assessment and endorses the Secretary-General’s recommendations regarding the

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           reconfiguration of UNIOGBIS and the reprioritization of its tasks according to the
           following phases:
                (a)   Phase I (electoral phase)
              – UNIOGBIS will remain as currently configured and prioritize support for the
                holding of the legislative elections scheduled for 10 March 2019 and the
                presidential election within the legally-mandated timeframe in 2019;
              – Throughout the electoral phase, UNIOGBIS’s components should concentrate
                their support for the mission’s overall good offices function, to be focused on
                national political actors, including by providing political support and in
                coordination with the Guinea-Bissau’s Authorities and Guinea-Bissau Group of
                Five;
                (b)   Phase II (post-electoral phase)
              – UNIOGBIS will establish the conducive conditions for the implementation of
                the reform agenda, including preparation for its transition plan linked to the new
                United Nations Partnership Framework and in coordination with the national
                authorities and international partners;
              – Enact closure of the UNIOGBIS regional offices, no later than D ecember 31,
                2019;
                (c)   Phase III (transition phase)
              – UNIOGBIS will implement the transition plan for the gradual drawing down
                and transfer of tasks to UN Country Team (UNCT), the United Nations Office
                for West Africa and Sahel (UNOWAS) and international partners, with a view
                toward prospective completion by December 31, 2020;
                3.    Stress that the reconfiguration of UNIOGBIS should take place after the
           completion of the electoral cycle in 2019 and in this regard, reaffirms that the electoral
           process remains a priority;
                4.    Decides that as of the June 2019, UNIOGBIS should operate as a
           streamlined good offices special political mission, led by a Special Representative at
           the Assistant Secretary-General level;
                 5.   Requests UNIOGBIS, including through the use of the good offices and
           political support of the Special Representative, to focus, i n particular, on the
           following priorities:
                (a) Support the full implementation of the Conakry Agreement and the
           ECOWAS Roadmap, and facilitate an inclusive political dialogue and national
           reconciliation process, strengthening democratic governance, part icularly with
           regards to the implementation of necessary urgent reforms;
                 (b) Support, through good offices the electoral process to ensure inclusive,
           free and credible legislative elections on 10 March 2019 and presidential election in
           2019 within the legally mandated time frame;
                (c) Providing support, including by technical assistance, to national
           authorities in expediting and completing the review of Guinea -Bissau’s Constitution;
                 6.    Affirms that in addition to the abovementioned priorities, UNIOGBI S and
           the Special Representative will continue to assist, coordinate and lead international
           efforts in the following areas to ensure lasting peace and stability in Guinea Bissau:
                 (a) Providing support to the Government of Guinea-Bissau in strengthening
           democratic institutions and enhancing the capacity of state organs to function
           effectively and constitutionally;

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                    (b) Assisting national authorities and stakeholders in the promotion and
               protection of human rights as well as undertake human rights monitori ng and
               reporting activities;
                    (c) Providing strategic and technical advice and support to the Government of
               Guinea-Bissau to combat drug trafficking and transnational organized crime, in close
               cooperation with UNODC;
                     (d) Providing support to the Government of Guinea-Bissau to incorporate a
               gender perspective into peacebuilding, in line with Security Council resolutions 1325
               (2000), 1820 (2008) and 2242 (2015); as well as implementation of the National
               Action Plan on Gender in order to ensure the involvement, representation and
               participation of women at all levels through inter alia the provision of gender advisers;
                     (e) Support the Government of Guinea Bissau, in close cooperation with the
               United Nations Peacebuilding Commission, in the mobilization, harmonization and
               coordination of international assistance namely from African Union, ECOWAS,
               CPLP and the European Union, with view to the upcoming legislative and presidential
               elections;

               Political and human rights situation
                     7.    Supports the efforts of ECOWAS to advance timely legislative and
               presidential elections and takes note of its intention to take firm measures as stated in
               the final communique of the ECOWAS Authority Heads of State and Government on
               22 December 2018, against those obstructing the smooth conduct of the electoral
               process or the implementation of the Conakry Agreement, the only consensual
               framework to find a lasting solution to the crisis;
                     8.    Urges the Bissau-Guinea stakeholders to strictly respect and comply with
               the Conakry Agreement and the ECOWAS road map in addressing their differences
               and the challenges facing their country, and further calls upon the Bissau-Guinea
               stakeholders to refrain from actions and statements that could escalate tensions and
               incite violence;
                     9.    Urges all Bissau-Guinean political actors to work toward the preservation
               of the still fragile gains in the path of stability in the country and reaffirms the
               importance of holding genuinely free and fair legislative elections in Guinea -Bissau
               no later than 10 March 2019 as well as presidential election;
                      10. Urges all political actors to put the interest of the people of Guinea Bissau
               above all other consideration and in this regard, calls upon Bissau -Guinean leaders to
               strictly respect and comply with the Conakry Agreement and the Bissau 6 point
               roadmap in addressing their differences and the challenges facing their country,
               especially in view of stipulated legislative elections in 2018 and further calls upon
               the Bissau-Guinean stakeholders to refrain from actions and statements that could
               derail the political process, escalate tensions and incite violence;
                     11. Reiterates the important role of ECOWAS in supporting peacebuilding and
               sustaining peace in Guinea-Bissau, takes note of the ECOWAS assessment of Guinea-Bissau on 15 December 2018, shares the concerns expressed in final communique of
               the ECOWAS Authority Heads of State and Government of 22 December 2018 which
               noted difficulties created by socio-political stakeholders that delayed the voter
               registrations process, and commends the ECOWAS for its determination to hold
               accountable political stakeholders and others who obstruct the smooth conduct of the
               electoral process;
                     12. Commends the political parties and civil organizations for the adoption and
               signing of a Code of Conduct for legislative elections, and stresses the importance of

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           holding legislative and presidential elections on 10 March 2019 and presidential
           election within the legally-mandated timeframe in 2019,
                 13. Commends also the national stakeholders for the signing of the Stability
           Pact, which represents a notable benchmark toward the implementation of the
           Conakry Agreement, and recalls the relevance of passing key reforms, as outlined in
           the Conakry Agreement, aimed at creating a conducive environment for the holding
           of legislative and presidential elections in 2019, reform of the electoral code and
           promulgation of a new law on political parties and requests UNIOGBIS to work
           closely with national authorities, as well as the United Nations Country Team (UNCT)
           in support of the timely conduct of these elections, and to stren gthen democracy and
           good governance;
                14. Calls upon the authorities of Guinea-Bissau and all stakeholders, including
           the military, political parties, and civil society to engage in inclusive, genuine
           dialogue, and work together to consolidate progress ma de so far, and to address the
           root causes of instability with particular attention to political -military dynamics,
           constitutional review, ineffective state institutions and rule of law, impunity and
           human rights violations and abuses, poverty and lack of a ccess to basic services;
                15. Underscores the need for inclusive dialogue of all stakeholders to
           consolidate peace and stability in Guinea-Bissau and calls upon the national
           authorities to expedite the review of Guinea-Bissau’s Constitution;
                16. Calls on the security and defence services to continue to submit
           themselves fully to civilian control;
                17. Commends the important efforts of ECOWAS and encourages ECOWAS
           to continue extending its political support to the authorities and political leaders of
           Guinea Bissau through the use of good offices and mediation;
                18. Encourages ECOWAS and CPLP to take the necessary steps towards
           organizing a meeting of the International Contact Group on Guinea -Bissau, in
           consultation with the United Nations, EU, and all stakeholders;
                 19. Takes note of the human rights situation in the country and urges the
           authorities of Guinea-Bissau to take all necessary measures to promote and protect
           human rights, put an end to impunity, initiate investigations to identify the
           perpetrators of human rights violations and abuses, including those against women
           and children, and bring them to justice and take action to protect witnesses in order
           to ensure due process;
                 20. Deplores the reported lack of respect for the right of peaceful assembly as
           recognized by the Constitution of Guinea-Bissau, as well as the legal instruments of
           ECOWAS, the African Union and the United Nations on the matter and urges all
           Guinea-Bissau authorities to ensure strict respect for their obligations under
           international human rights laws;
                 21. Welcomes the joint efforts by international partners, in particular the
           United Nations, African Union, ECOWAS, EU and CPLP, to enhanc e cooperation in
           support of the Government in Guinea-Bissau and encourages them to continue to
           work together towards the country’s stabilization in accordance with the priority
           structural reforms established by the government, and in this regard, recognize s the
           role of the Peacebuilding Commission in enhancing these efforts with a view to
           supporting the long-term peacebuilding priorities of Guinea-Bissau;
                 22. Welcomes the active engagement of the Peacebuilding Commission with
           the Government of Guinea-Bissau and relevant stakeholders on the ground as well as
           with regional organizations, with the view to maintaining the long-term peacebuilding

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               priorities of the country and urges in this regard, the Peacebuilding Commission to
               increase its important role in supporting sustainable peace in Guinea-Bissau;
                     23. Reiterates the importance of the implementation of defence and security
               sector reforms as a crucial element for long-term stability in Guinea-Bissau and
               further encourages coordinated action by all relevant sub-regional, regional and
               international partners of Guinea-Bissau in this field in order to obtain expeditious and
               positive results;
                     24. Welcomes the extension by ECOWAS of the mandate of ECOMIB until
               August 2019 to enable the political actors in Guinea-Bissau to effectively implement
               the Conakry Agreement, commends the crucial role of ECOMIB in securing the state
               institutions and in supporting SSR, expresses strong appreciation for its contribution
               to stability in Guinea-Bissau and encourages ECOWAS to consider a further
               extension of its mandate, supports its continuation throughout the electoral cycle in
               2019 and urges bilateral, regional and international partners to consider providing
               financial assistance to support ECOWAS in sustaining the deployme nt of ECOMIB,
               commends the financial support provided by the EU and welcomes its willingness to
               consider options for providing further support to ECOMIB;
                     25. Calls upon the authorities of Guinea-Bissau to continue to actively reform
               and strengthen the judicial system, while ensuring the separation of powers and access
               to justice for all citizens;
                     26. Reiterates its call upon the authorities of Guinea-Bissau to implement and
               review national legislations and mechanisms to more effectively combat transnati onal
               organized crime, including drug trafficking, trafficking in persons and money -
               laundering, which threaten security and stability in Guinea -Bissau and in the sub
               region, and in this context, to ensure support to the Transnational Crime Unit (TCU)
               established under the West Africa Coast Initiative (WACI) and the Intergovernmental
               Action Group against Money Laundering in West Africa (GIABA) and national
               counternarcotics enforcement units; encourages international bilateral and
               multilateral partners to increase their support to these institutions and further
               encourages these partners to contribute to support the presence of UNODC in Guinea -
               Bissau and to the UNIOGBIS Trust Fund for immediate, medium and longer-term
               priorities; calls upon the international community to continue cooperation with
               Guinea-Bissau to enable it to ensure control of air traffic and surveillance of maritime
               security within its jurisdiction, in particular to fight drug trafficking and transnational
               organized crime, as well as illegal fishing in Guinea-Bissau’s territorial waters and
               exclusive economic zone and other cases of illegal exploitation of natural resources;
               and calls on the authorities of Guinea-Bissau to demonstrate full commitment to
               combating drug trafficking through provision of adequate resources and political
               support to counternarcotic units, their investigations and pursuit of accountability for
               perpetrators;
                     27. Stresses the importance of combating drug trafficking to achieve political
               and economic stability in Guinea-Bissau, requests the Secretary-General to ensure the
               relevant capacity within the existing UNIOGBIS structure, and requests that the
               Secretary-General collaborate with UNODC and international partners to guarantee
               sufficient staffing for the UNODC office in Bissau, and calls in that regard on donors
               to ensure adequate financial contributions for the UNODC programme in Guinea -
               Bissau, ensuring that this collaboration contributes to the anti -drug efforts, including
               appropriate expertise and further requests the Special Representative of the Secretary-General to increase efforts to achieve greater coherence, coordination and efficiency
               among relevant United Nations agencies, funds and programmes in the country to
               maximize their collective effectiveness, in particular through provision by these
               agencies, funds and programmes of relevant information to the Special Representative

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           on individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with drug trafficking and
           transnational organized crime that contribute to creating a threat to the peace, stability
           and security of Guinea-Bissau and the sub-region;
                28. Commends the good offices role of the Special Representative of the
           Secretary-General to support the Government of Guinea -Bissau;
                29. Commends the important efforts of ECOWAS, encourages ECOWAS to
           continue extending its political support to the authorities and political leaders of
           Guinea-Bissau through the use of good offices and mediation, further encourages the
           African Union, the CPLP, the European Union and the United Nations to provide
           support to ECOWAS;
                 30. Stresses the need for all national stakeholders and Guinea-Bissau’s
           international bilateral and multilateral partners to remain committed to enforce the
           Conakry Agreement and, in this context, encourage ECOWAS to continue close
           coordination with the United Nations, African Union, CPLP and European Union
           aimed at the implementation of the Conakry Agreement;
                31. Express the Security Council’s readiness to take additional measures to
           respond to further worsening of the situation in Guinea Bissau;
                 32. Decides to review the sanctions measures established pursuant to
           resolution 2048 (2012) seven months from the adoption of this resolution, especially
           in the light of its above-mentioned expectations regarding the conduct of the electoral
           process;

           Reporting
                 33. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the Security Council regular
           reports every six months on the implementation of this resolution and to submit a
           report within six months, with a briefing to the Committee established pursuant to its
           resolution 2048 (2012), on the progress made regards to the stabilization of the
           country and restoration of constitutional order and recommendations on the
           continuations of the sanctions regime in the post-elections environment, in line with
           paragraph 12 of resolution 2048 (2012);
                34.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2458 (2019) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS) until 28 Feb. 2020]

S/74 [186] GUINEA-BISSAU SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Guinea-Bissau.

UN Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau|Economic Community of West African States|PEACEBUILDING|GOOD OFFICES|ELECTIONS|GUINEA-BISSAU|HUMAN RIGHTS|POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION|SANCTIONS


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