               United Nations                                                                      S/RES/2682 (2023)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                30 May 2023

               Resolution 2682 (2023)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9331st meeting, on
               30 May 2023

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling all its previous relevant resolutions on Iraq, in particular 1500 (2003),
               1546 (2004), 1557 (2004), 1619 (2005), 1700 (2006), 1770 (2007), 1830 (2008), 1883
               (2009), 1936 (2010), 2001 (2011), 2061 (2012), 2110 (2013), 2169 (2014), 2233
               (2015), 2299 (2016), 2379 (2017), 2421 (2018), 2470 (2019), 2522 (2020), 2576
               (2021), 2631 (2022), and reiterating resolutions 2107 (2013) and 2621 (2022) on the
               situation between Iraq and Kuwait, and the values set forth in 2367 (2017),
                     Reaffirming the independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of
               Iraq, and emphasizing the importance of the stability, prosperity, and security of Iraq
               for the people of Iraq, the region, and the international community, particularly in
               light of Iraq’s territorial victory over ISIL (Da’esh), and encouraging the international
               community to continue supporting Iraq in this regard,
                     Supporting Iraq in addressing the challenges it faces as it continues its
               stabilization efforts, including the ongoing fight against terrorism and ISIL (Da ’esh),
               Al-Qaida and their affiliates, consistent with its obligations under international law
               including international human rights law and international humanitarian law and
               continues the task of recovery, reconstruction, stabilization and reconciliation,
               including the requirement to meet the needs of all Iraqis, including women, youth,
               children, displaced persons, and persons belonging to ethnic and relig ious minorities,
               recognizing the threat of explosive ordinance and its impact on civilians, including
               children, and welcoming efforts to clear areas of such devices,
                    Welcoming the confirmation of Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed S. Al-Sudani’s
               government by the Council of Representatives,
                     Encouraging the recently formed government to deliver on reforms, aimed at
               meeting the Iraqi people’s legitimate aspirations, to address corruption, respect and
               protect the human rights of all individuals in Iraq, promote accountability for human
               rights violations and abuses, deliver essential services, diversify the economy, create
               jobs, improve governance, combat climate change and environmental and waterrelated challenges, and strengthen viable and responsive state inst itutions, including
               the security sector,
                     Recognizing the Government of Iraq’s efforts to that effect, and calling for State
               institutions to redouble efforts to pursue accountability for those responsible for

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      human rights violations and abuses including the killing, serious injury, abduction or
      disappearance of demonstrators and journalists, including women and to safeguard
      and respect the rule of law and the right to freedom of expression,
            Welcoming the Government of Iraq’s efforts to assist internally displaced
      persons and displaced Iraqis in Syria to return and reintegrate to their areas of origin
      or resettle elsewhere in Iraq, encouraging again international support for those
      efforts, and stressing the importance of achieving dignified, safe and durable
      solutions undertaken on a voluntary and informed basis,
            Recognizing the progress the Government of Iraq has made in implementing the
      Yazidi Survivors Law, establishing the General Directorate for Survivors Affairs and
      disbursing the first payments to survivors and victims, noting that the lack of
      inclusion of children born of conflict-related sexual violence needs to be addressed,
      including all administrative obstacles to obtain registration and documentation for
      these children, acknowledging the need to ensure a survivor-centered approach in
      which reparations and redress measures are continued, and evidentiary standards and
      requirements are not overly burdensome, discriminatory, or risk re-traumatizing and
      calling on the Government of Iraq to hold perpetrators of conflict-related sexual and
      gender-based violence accountable and provide mental health and psychosocial
      support to all survivors and victims,
            Recognizing that the adverse effects of climate change, ecological changes, and
      natural disasters, among other factors, can contribute to desertification and drought,
      sand and dust storms, adversely impact food security, water scarcity, livelihoods, and
      the humanitarian situation, and aggravate any existing instability, emphasizing the
      need for comprehensive risk assessments by the Government of Iraq with the support
      of the United Nations, upon the request of the Government of Iraq, to take meaningful
      actions to adapt to or mitigate challenges posed by climate change and ecological
      change, acknowledging the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
      Change and the Paris Agreement, and welcoming the Government of Iraq’s efforts to
      that effect, in particular noting the Government of Iraq’s accession to the UN Water
      Convention and the Iraq Climate Conference as well as the third Baghdad
      International Water Conference in 2023,
           Calling on the international community to support durable solutions and
      development efforts while the Government of Iraq assumes responsibility for the
      provision of humanitarian services,
           Noting the Government of Iraq’s support for an Independent Strategic Review
      shared in the letter dated 18 May 2023 from the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister
      of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Iraq H.E. Fuad Hussein addressed to the
      Secretary-General of the United Nations,
            1.   Decides to extend the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission
      for Iraq (UNAMI) until 31 May 2024;
         2.    Requests that the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and
      UNAMI, at the request of the Government of Iraq, shall:
           (a) prioritize the provision of advice, support, and assistance to the
      Government and people of Iraq on advancing inclusive political dialogue and national
      and community-level reconciliation, with the full, equal, and meaningful participation
      of women, taking into account civil society and youth input;
           (b)   further advise, support, and assist:
           (i) the Government of Iraq, the Independent High Electoral Commission and
           other Iraqi institutions with efforts to strengthen electoral preparation and
           processes to ensure free and fair elections, including provincial elections an d

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        the Kurdistan Region of Iraq parliamentary elections, carried out with
        transparent processes, including through regular technical reviews and detailed
        reporting on electoral preparations and processes, as part of the Secretary -
        General’s regular reporting cycle;
        (ii) the Government of Iraq and the Council of Representatives on
        constitutional review, the implementation of constitutional provisions, as well
        as on the development of processes acceptable to the Government of Iraq to
        resolve disputed internal boundaries;
        (iii) the Government of Iraq with progress on security sector reform, including
        by prioritizing the planning, funding, and implementation of efforts to
        strengthen state control and age appropriate and gender-responsive reintegration
        programmes for former members of armed groups, where and as appropriate, in
        coordination with other multinational entities;
        (iv) the Government of Iraq on facilitating regional dialogue and cooperation,
        including on issues of border security, clearance of landmines, improvised
        explosive devices and explosive remnants of war, energy, trade, environment,
        water, adverse impacts of climate change in particular those contributing to
        desertification and drought, resilience building, infrastructure, public health,
        and refugees;
        (c)   promote, support, and facilitate, in coordination with the Government of
Iraq:
        (i) the safe, timely, orderly, voluntary and dignified return or local
        integration, as appropriate, of internally displaced persons, and displaced Iraqis
        in Syria, including through the efforts of the UN Country Team, and timely
        access to legal assistance and civil documentation for internally displaced
        persons and displaced Iraqis in Syria, including persons at risk of statelessness,
        particularly children without birth registration or other documentation of legal
        identity;
        (ii) the coordination and implementation of programmes to improve Iraq’s
        capacity to provide effective essential civil and social services, including health
        care, inclusive of psychosocial support services, and education, for its people
        and continue to support Iraq’s regional and international donor coordination
        towards strengthening national ownership;
        (iii) Iraqi, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and other efforts on
        economic reform, capacity-building and setting conditions for sustainable
        development and recovery and reconstruction including in areas affected by
        terrorism, including through coordination with national and regional
        organizations and, as appropriate, civil society, donors, and other international
        institutions;
        (iv) the contributions of UN agencies, funds, and programmes to the objectives
        outlined in this resolution under the unified leadership of the Secretary-General
        through the Special Representative for Iraq, supported by their designated
        Deputy;
      (d) promote accountability and the protection of human rights, and judicial
and legal reform, with full respect for the sovereignty of Iraq, in order to strengthen
the rule of law and improve governance in Iraq, in addition to supporting the work of
the UN Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by
Da’esh/ISIL (UNITAD) established in resolution 2379 (2017);
    (e) approach gender mainstreaming as a crosscutting issue throughout its
mandate, including by consulting with diverse women’s civil society groups, and to

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      advise and assist the Government of Iraq in ensuring the full, equal and meaningful
      participation, involvement and representation of women at all levels of decision
      making, including in the context of elections and government formation, and the
      promotion of women’s economic empowerment, by supporting the implementation of
      the National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security consistent with resol ution
      1325 (2000) and related resolutions, and the Joint Communique on Prevention and
      Response to Conflict Related Sexual Violence;
            (f) note the importance of treating children affected by armed conflict
      primarily as victims, and urge the Government of Iraq and UN Country Team to
      strengthen child protection, including the reintegration of children in accordance with
      Iraq’s national laws and Iraq’s obligations under international law, and to support the
      implementation of the conclusions of the Security Council’s Working Group on
      Children and Armed Conflict; and
            (g) actively support the Government of Iraq and the Kurdistan Regional
      Government to work together and engage in regular and structured dialogue in order
      to resolve outstanding issues, in a manner consistent with the unity of Iraq and its
      constitution, including security provisions, budgetary arrangements and the
      management of Iraq’s oil and gas resources, and to implement existing agreements,
      including the 2020 Sinjar Agreement;
            3.    Requests that the Secretary-General, in line with best practices, conduct
      and provide the Security Council, no later than 31 March 2024, with an independent
      strategic review of UNAMI, in consultation with the Government of Iraq, in addition
      to UN agencies, member States, regional organisations, independent experts and civil
      society, and the Government of Kuwait, consistent with paragraph 4 of resolution
      2107 (2013), including:
           (a) assessing current threats to Iraq’s peace and security, assessing the
      continued relevance of UNAMI’s tasks and priorities, and providing
      recommendations to optimize UNAMI’s mandate, mission structure and staffing to
      support the Government of Iraq in addressing the challenges of peace and security;
            (b) further assessing the options to support the Government of Iraq in
      strengthening effective regional cooperation on issues outlined in paragraph 2(b)(iv);
            4.    Recognizes that the security of UN personnel is essential for UNAMI to
      carry out its work for the benefit of the people of Iraq and calls upon the Government
      of Iraq to continue to provide security and logistical support to the UN presence in
      Iraq;
           5.    Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council every four months
      on the progress made towards the fulfilment of all UNAMI’s responsibilities;
           6.    Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2682 (2023) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) until 31 May 2024]

UN Assistance Mission for Iraq|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq|PEACEBUILDING|GOOD OFFICES|IRAQ|IRAQ SITUATION|SPECIAL MISSIONS

S/78 [124] UN ASSISTANCE MISSION FOR IRAQ
S/78 [119] IRAQ SITUATION
S/ X The situation concerning Iraq.


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2683 (2023)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                30 May 2023

               Resolution 2683 (2023)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9332nd meeting,
               on 30 May 2023

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions, statements of its President, and press
               statements on the situation in South Sudan,
                     Affirming its support for the 2018 “Revitalised Agreement on the Resolution of
               the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan” (the Revitalised Agreement), stressing
               that the peace process only remains viable with the full commitment by all parties,
               urging the full implementation without delay of the Revitalised Agreement and of the
               Agreement on the Roadmap to a Peaceful and Democratic end to the Transitional
               Period of the Revitalised Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic
               of South Sudan, and noting with concern the delayed implementation of the
               Revitalised Agreement, which necessitated a further two-year extension of the
               transitional political arrangements,
                     Welcoming encouraging developments in the implementation of elements of the
               Revitalised Agreement, including the completion of the first phase of the training and
               graduation of the Necessary Unified Forces, the drafting of documents required in
               stage 1 of the Strategic Defence and Security Review, and on training, awareness -
               raising, and sensitization for the implementation of the Joint Action Plan for the
               Armed Forces on addressing conflict-related sexual violence,
                     Expressing appreciation for the leadership of the Intergovernmental Authority
               on Development (IGAD) in advancing the peace process in South Sudan, welcoming
               the resumption of mediation by the Community of Sant’Egidio to foster political
               dialogue between signatories and non-signatories of the Revitalised Agreement, and
               calling on South Sudanese parties to demonstrate the political will to peacefully
               resolve the outstanding differences that are driving continued violence,
                     Expressing concern over the continued intensification of violence prolonging
               the political, security, economic, and humanitarian crisis in most parts of the country,
               condemning the mobilization of armed groups and encouragement of defections,
               including by members of the government forces and armed opposition groups, and
               further recognizing that intercommunal violence in South Sudan is politically and
               economically linked to national-level violence and corruption,
                    Underscoring the need for the parties to avoid a relapse into widespread conflict
               and respect the agreed command structure arrangement, and stressing the need to

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               expeditiously finalize the security arrangements set out in Chapter II of the
               Revitalised Agreement, including by ensuring regular and adequate payment of
               salaries to the Necessary Unified Forces, consistent with the budgetary outlays to the
               National Security Service and of the South Sudan Presidential Guard Unit, and by
               assigning clear missions to these forces in keeping with the Strategic Defense and
               Security Review (SDSR) process contained in the Revitalised Agreement,
                    Expressing deep concern at continued fighting in South Sudan, condemning
               repeated violations of the Revitalised Agreement and the Agreement on Cessation of
               Hostilities, Protection of Civilians and Humanitarian Access (ACOH), strongly
               condemning all fighting, including violence in Upper Nile, Jonglei, and Central
               Equatoria states, and demanding that parties that violate the ACOH be held
               accountable in accordance with their obligations under the ACOH and Revitalised
               Agreement,
                      Strongly condemning past and ongoing human rights violations and abuses and
               violations of international humanitarian law by all parties, including by armed groups
               and national security forces, as well as the incitement to commit such abuses and
               violations, and the alarming surge in conflict-related sexual violence, which is a basis
               for designation, as described in paragraph 15 (e) of resolution 2521 (2020), further
               condemning harassment, targeting, and censorship of civil society, including
               journalists, human rights defenders, humanitarian personnel, and media
               correspondents, emphasizing that those responsible for violations of international
               humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights must be held
               accountable, and that the Revitalised Transitional Government of National Unity
               (RTGNU) bears the primary responsibility to protect its population from genocide,
               war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity, and expressing concern
               that, despite the signing of the Revitalised Agreement, violations and abuses including
               those involving gender-based violence continue to occur, which may amount to
               international crimes, including war crimes and crimes against humanity,
                     Expressing its alarm and deep concern over continued armed violence against
               humanitarian workers and facilities, and food convoys that resulted in the deaths of
               at least 20 humanitarian workers and volunteers and nearly 50 security incidents since
               January 2023, and the looting and destruction of life-saving assistance, strongly
               condemning all instances of violence against humanitarians, expressing grave concern
               at the imposition of taxes and illegal fees which hamper the delivery of humanitarian
               assistance across the country, stressing the detrimental impact of continued insecurity
               on humanitarian operations across the country, encouraging all parties to allow and
               facilitate safe, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access to people in need, and
               calling on RTGNU to protect humanitarian personnel and create a safe and enabling
               environment for humanitarian assistance, consistent with international humanitarian
               law and its obligations under the Revitalised Agreement,
                    Expressing grave concern regarding increased violence between armed groups
               in some parts of South Sudan, which has killed and displaced thousands, and
               condemning the mobilization of such groups by parties to the conflict,
                     Expressing deep concern regarding the delays in implementing the Revitalised
               Agreement, in particular calling for the use of a single Treasury account and the
               required audits, reviews and additional tools for an oil marketing system that is open,
               transparent, and competitive, as specified in Chapter 4 of the Revitalised Agreement,
               calling on the parties to implement fully the Revitalised Agreement, including by
               allocating the necessary financial resources, establishing transitional institutions
               without delay, and ensuring full, equal, and meaningful participation of women and
               inclusion of youth, faith groups, and civil society in all conflict resolution and
               peacebuilding efforts, and to make progress on transitional reforms, including

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           establishing free and open civic space, an inclusive constitutional drafting process,
           and economic transparency and public financial management reform, expressing deep
           concern about the detrimental effect of corruption and misuse of public funds on the
           RTGNU’s ability to provide services to its population, and further stressing the need
           to enhance good economic governance to ensure effective national revenue collection
           and anti-corruption structures in order to finance implementation of regulatory
           framework essential for a political transition, and the humanitarian needs of the
           population,
                 Appreciating that Member States continue to express clear intent to provide
           technical assistance and capacity building to relevant authorities in South Sudan,
           complying with the provisions of resolution 2428 (2018), in support of the
           implementation of the Revitalised Agreement, and encouraging Member States to
           provide support to the RTGNU on ammunition storage and armory control, with the
           view to build South Sudan’s capacity in light of the benchmarks set out in paragraph 2
           of resolution 2577 (2021),
                 Recalling the need for Member States to ensure that all measures taken by them
           to implement this resolution comply with their obligations under international law,
           including international humanitarian law, international human rights law and
           international refugee law, as applicable,
                 Stressing that the measures imposed by this resolution are not intended to have
           adverse humanitarian consequences for the civilian population of South Sudan, and
           recalling paragraph 1 of resolution 2664 (2022), which states that the provision,
           processing or payment of funds, other financial assets, or economic resources, or the
           provision of goods and services, by certain entities or organizations, necessary to
           ensure the timely delivery of humanitarian assistance or to support other activities
           that support basic human needs, are permitted and are not a violation of the asset
           freeze,
                 Expressing deep concern at the findings and conclusions shared through the
           Final 2023 report (S/2023/294) of the United Nations Panel of Experts, and stressing
           that armed violence, impunity and misallocation of revenues can have a devastating
           impact on society and individuals, weaken democratic institutions, undermine the rule
           of law, perpetuate violent conflicts, facilitate illegal activities, divert humanitarian
           assistance or complicate its delivery, and undermine economic markets,
                 Also expressing grave concern at the threat to peace and security in South Sudan
           arising from the illicit transfer, destabilizing accumulation and misuse of small arms
           and light weapons, and further expressing concern that illicit trafficking and diversion
           of arms and related materiel of all types undermine the rule of law and have the
           potential to undermine respect for international humanitarian law, can impede the
           provision of humanitarian assistance and have wide-ranging negative humanitarian
           and socioeconomic consequences,
                 Acknowledging the cooperation by the South Sudanese authorities with the
           Panel of Experts, and strongly encouraging the South Sudanese authorities to
           continue their engagement with the Panel of Experts and prevent any obstruction to
           the implementation of its mandate,
                Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on South Sudan arms embargo
           benchmarks (S/2021/321),
                 Taking note of the Secretary-General’s report of 28 April 2023 (S/2023/300), as
           requested in paragraph 5 of its resolution 2633 (2022), providing an assessment of
           the progress achieved on the key benchmarks,

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                     Determining that the situation in South Sudan continues to constitute a threat to
               international peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

               Arms Embargo and Inspections
                     1.   Decides to renew until 31 May 2024 the measures on arms imposed by
               paragraph 4 of resolution 2428 (2018), and reaffirms the provisions of paragraph 5 of
               resolution 2428 (2018);
                     2.   Decides that the notification requirements set out in paragraph 2 of
               resolution 2633 (2022) shall no longer apply to the supply, sale or transfer of
               non-lethal military equipment, solely in support of the implementation of the terms
               of the peace agreement, and related technical assistance or training on non-lethal
               military equipment;
                    3.    Reiterates its readiness to review arms embargo measures, through inter alia
               modification, suspension, or progressive lifting of these measures, in the light of
               progress achieved on the key benchmarks as set out in paragraph 2 of resolution 2577
               (2021), and encourages the South Sudan authorities to achieve further progress in this
               regard;
                    4.    Reiterates its call on the RTGNU to make progress on implementation of
               public finance management reforms in the Revitalised Agreement, including by
               making information on all revenues, expenditures, deficits, and debts of the RTGNU
               accessible to the public; and further reiterates its call on the RTGNU to establish the
               Hybrid Court for South Sudan, and set up the Commission for Truth, Reconciliation,
               and Healing and the Compensation and Reparation Authority;
                    5.    Requests in this regard the Secretary-General, in close consultation with
               the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) and the Panel of Experts, to
               conduct, no later than 15 April 2024, an assessment of progress achieved on the key
               benchmarks established in paragraph 2 of resolution 2577 (2021);
                     6.   Requests the South Sudan authorities to report, no later than 15 April 2024,
               to the Committee established pursuant to resolution 2206 (2015) concerning South
               Sudan (“the Committee”) on the progress achieved on the key benchmarks in
               paragraph 2 of resolution 2577 (2021), and invites the South Sudan authorities to
               report on progress achieved on implementation of reforms in paragraph 4;
                    7.     Stresses the importance that notifications or requests for exemptions
               pursuant to paragraph 5 of resolution 2428 (2018) should contain all relevant
               information, including the purpose of the use, the end user, the techni cal
               specifications and quantity of the equipment to be shipped and, when applicable, the
               supplier, the proposed date of delivery, mode of transportation and itinerary of
               shipments;
                     8.   Underscores that arms shipments in violation of this resolution risk fueling
               conflict and contributing to further instability, and strongly urges all Member States
               to take urgent action to identify and prevent such shipments within their territory;
                     9.   Reiterates its call upon all Member States, in particular States neighboring
               South Sudan, to inspect, in accordance with their national authorities and legislation
               and consistent with international law, in particular the law of the sea and relevant
               international civil aviation agreements, all cargo to South Sudan, in their terr itory,
               including seaports and airports, if the State concerned has information that provides
               reasonable grounds to believe the cargo contains items the supply, sale, or transfer of
               which is prohibited by paragraph 4 of resolution 2428 (2018) for the purpose of
               ensuring strict implementation of these provisions;

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                 10. Decides to authorize all Member States to, and that all Member States
           shall, upon discovery of items the supply, sale, or transfer of which is prohibited by
           paragraph 4 of resolution 2428 (2018), seize and dispose (such as through destruction,
           rendering inoperable, storage or transferring to a State other than the originating or
           destination States for disposal) of such items, and decides further that all Member
           States shall cooperate in such efforts;
                 11. Requires any Member State when it undertakes an inspection pursuant to
           paragraph 9 of this resolution, to submit promptly an initial written report to the
           Committee containing, in particular, explanation of the grounds for the inspections,
           the results of such inspections, and whether or not cooperation was provided, and, if
           prohibited items for supply, sale, or transfer are found, further requires such Member
           States to submit to the Committee within 30 days a subsequent written report
           containing relevant details on the inspection, seizure, and disposal, and relevant
           details of the transfer, including a description of the items, their origin and intended
           destination, if this information is not in the initial report;

           Targeted Sanctions
                12. Decides to renew until 31 May 2024 the travel and financial measures
           imposed by paragraphs 9 and 12 of resolution 2206 (2015), and reaffirms the
           provisions of paragraphs 10, 11, 13, 14 and 15 of resolution 2206 (2015), and
           paragraphs 13, 14, 15 and 16 of resolution 2428 (2018);
                 13. Decides to keep the measures renewed in paragraph 12 under continuous
           review in light of progress achieved implementing all provisions of the Revitalised
           Agreement and developments related to human rights violations and abuses, including
           conflict-related sexual violence, and expresses its readiness to consider adjusting
           measures in paragraph 12, including through modifying, suspending, lifting or
           strengthening measures to respond to the situation;
                 14. Underscores its willingness to impose targeted sanctions in order to
           support the search for an inclusive and sustainable peace in South Sudan, and notes
           that the Committee can consider requests for delisting of individuals and entities;
                 15. Reaffirms that the provisions of paragraph 9 of resolution 2206 (2015)
           apply to individuals, and that the provisions of paragraph 12 of resolution 2206 (2015)
           apply to individuals and entities, as designated for such measures by the Committee,
           as responsible for or complicit in, or having engaged in, directly or indirectly, actions
           or policies that threaten the peace, security or stability of South Sudan, and further
           reaffirms that the provisions of paragraphs 9 and 12 of resolution 2206 (2015) apply
           to individuals, as designated for such measures by the Committee, who are leaders or
           members of any entity, including any South Sudanese government, opposition,
           militia, or other group, that has, or whose members have, engaged in any of the
           activities described in this paragraph and paragraph 16;
                 16. Reaffirms that such actions or policies as described in paragraph 15 above
           may include, but are not limited to, the criteria described in paragraph 15 of resolution
           2521 (2020), and underscores that actions or policies that have the purpose of
           impeding the conduct or legitimacy of free and fair elections in South Sudan,
           including by impeding or distorting pre-election preparatory activities, are also a basis
           for designation;
                17. Expresses concern at reports of misappropriation and diversion of public
           resources which pose a risk to the peace, security, and stability of South Sudan,
           expresses serious concern at reports of financial impropriety, lack of tr ansparency,
           oversight and financial governance, which pose a risk to the peace, stability, and
           security of South Sudan, and are out of compliance with Chapter IV of the Revitalised

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               Agreement, and in this context, underscores that individuals engaged in actions or
               policies that have the purpose or effect of expanding or extending the conflict in South
               Sudan may be listed for travel and financial measures;

               Sanctions Committee and Panel of Experts
                     18. Emphasizes the importance of holding regular consultations with
               concerned Member States, international and regional and subregional organizations,
               as well as UNMISS, as may be necessary, in particular neighboring and regional
               States, in order to ensure the full implementation of the measures in this resoluti on,
               and in that regard encourages the Committee to consider, where and when
               appropriate, visits to selected countries by the Chair and/or Committee members;
                     19. Decides to extend until 1 July 2024 the mandate of the Panel of Experts as
               set out in paragraph 19 of resolution 2428 (2018), and decides that the Panel of
               Experts should provide to the Council, after discussion with the Committee, an
               interim report by 1 December 2023, a final report by 1 May 2024, and, except in
               months when these reports are due, updates each month, and recalls paragraph 6 of
               resolution 2664 (2022), which directs the Committee, assisted by the Panel of
               Experts, to monitor the implementation of paragraph 1 of resolution 2664 (2022),
               including any risk of diversion;
                    20. Requests the Secretariat to include the necessary gender expertise on the
               Panel of Experts, in line with paragraph 6 of resolution 2242 (2015), and encourages
               the Panel to integrate gender as a cross-cutting issue across its investigations and
               reporting;
                    21. Calls upon all parties and all Member States, as well as international,
               regional and subregional organizations to ensure cooperation with the Panel of
               Experts, including by providing any information on illicit transfers of wealth from
               South Sudan into financial, property and business networks and further urges all
               Member States involved to ensure the safety of the members of the Panel of Experts
               and unhindered access, in particular to persons, documents and sites in order for the
               Panel of Experts to execute its mandate;
                     22. Requests the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children
               and Armed Conflict and the Special Representative for Sexual Violence in Conflict
               to share relevant information with the Committee in accordance with paragraph 7 of
               resolution 1960 (2010) and paragraph 9 of resolution 1998 (2011), and invites the
               High Commissioner for Human Rights to share relevant information with the
               Committee, as appropriate;
                    23. Encourages timely information exchange between UNMISS and the Panel
               of Experts, and requests UNMISS to assist the Committee and the Panel of Experts,
               within its mandate and capabilities;
                    24. Invites the Revitalised Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission
               (RJMEC) to share relevant information with the Council, as appropriate, on its
               assessment of the parties’ implementation of the Revitalised Agreement, adherence to
               the ACOH, and the facilitation of unhindered and secure humanitarian access;
                    25.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2683 (2023) [on renewal of sanctions imposed by Security Council resolution 2428 (2018) and extension of the mandate of the Panel of Experts on South Sudan until 31 May 2024]

UN. Panel of Experts on South Sudan Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 2206 (2015)|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 2206 (2015) concerning South Sudan|UN Mission in South Sudan|Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (2018)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|SANCTIONS|SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE|ARMS EMBARGO|FROZEN ASSETS|TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|SOUTH SUDAN

S/78 [223] SOUTH SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/78 [216] UN MISSION IN SOUTH SUDAN
S/ X Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan.


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2684 (2023)
               Security Council                                               Distr.: General
                                                                              2 June 2023

               Resolution 2684 (2023)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9335th meeting, on
               2 June 2023

                    The Security Council,
                      Recalling its resolution 1970 (2011) imposing the arms embargo on Libya and
               all its subsequent relevant resolutions,
                     Recalling its resolutions 2292 (2016), 2357 (2017), 2420 (2018), 2473 (2019),
               2526 (2020), 2578 (2021) and 2635 (2022) concerning the strict implementation of
               the arms embargo on the high seas off the coast of Libya,
                    Reaffirming its resolution 2656 (2022),
                    Recognizing the important role of neighbouring countries and regional
               organizations,
                    Mindful of its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace
               and security under the Charter of the United Nations,
                    Reaffirming its determination that terrorism, in all forms and manifestations,
               constitutes one of the most serious threats to peace and security,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.    Decides to extend the authorizations as set out in resolution 2635 (2022)
               for a further 12 months from the date of this resolution;
                   2.    Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council within six
               months and eleven months of the adoption of this resolution on its implementation;
                    3.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

23-10519 (E)
*2310519*

Security Council resolution 2684 (2023) [on extension of the authorizations on the inspection of vessels on the high seas off the coast of Libya for a period of 12 months]

Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|SANCTIONS|ARMS EMBARGO|SHIP INSPECTION|LIBYA

S/78 [219] LIBYA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Libya.


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2685 (2023)
               Security Council                                               Distr.: General
                                                                              2 June 2023

               Resolution 2685 (2023)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9337th meeting, on
               2 June 2023

                    The Security Council,
                    Reaffirming all its previous resolutions, presidential statements and press
               statements concerning the situation in Sudan,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, unity, independence, and
               territorial integrity of Sudan,
                     Taking note of the Report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the
               situation in Sudan and the activities of the United Nations Integrated Transition
               Assistance Mission (UNITAMS) (S/2023/355),
                     1.   Decides to extend the mandate of UNITAMS until 3 December 2023 as
               contained in paragraph 3 of resolution 2579 (2021) and as previously extended by
               resolution 2636 (2022);
                     2.   Requests the Secretary-General to continue to report to the Security
               Council every 90 days on the implementation of UNITAMS mandate as set out in
               resolution 2579 (2021), with the next report due by 30 August;
                    3.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

23-10555 (E)
*2310555*

Security Council resolution 2685 (2023) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan (UNITAMS) until 3 Dec. 2023]

UN Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|PEACEBUILDING|SUDAN

S/78 [205] UN INTEGRATED TRANSITION ASSISTANCE MISSION IN SUDAN
S/78 [160] SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan.


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2686 (2023)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                14 June 2023

               Resolution 2686 (2023)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9347th meeting, on
               14 June 2023

                    The Security Council,
                     Underscoring the determination of the Member States of the United Nations to
               practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours,
                     Reaffirming the purpose of the United Nations to achieve international
               co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or
               humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights
               and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or
               religion,
                    Bearing in mind the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations
               and the primary responsibility of the Security Council under the Charter for the
               maintenance of international peace and security, which includes activities across the
               peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to
               peacebuilding and sustaining peace,
                     Recalling the Security Council’s continuing commitment to addressing the
               prevention of armed conflicts in all regions of the world, and its determination to
               enhance the effectiveness of the United Nations in preventing and ending armed
               conflicts, their escalation, spread when they occur and their resurgence once they end,
                     Underlining the need to uphold the rule of law, and to fully promote, protect and
               respect human rights, reaffirming the rights to freedom of opinion and expression and
               freedom of religion or belief under international law, and stressing the importance of
               the rule of law and human rights in the fight against all forms of intolerance and of
               discrimination, including but not limited to, discrimination based on religion or belief
               including against non-believers, in addressing the root causes of conflict, and in
               conflict prevention, resolution, reconciliation, reconstruction, and peacebuilding,
                     Reaffirming that States must respect and ensure the human rights of all
               individuals, within their territory and subject to their jurisdiction as provided for by
               relevant international law, including in particular the right to freedom of expression
               reflected in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and recognising
               in this regard that efforts to address hate speech, intolerance and extremism driving
               the outbreak, escalation and recurrence of conflict, in a manner that complies with
               international law, can contribute to respect for, and the protection and promotion of,
               human rights,

23-11467 (E)
*2311467*

S/RES/2686 (2023)

                     Acknowledging the importance of tolerance, equality, coexistence, dialogue,
               pluralistic traditions, mutual respect and the diversity of religions and beliefs, and
               taking note of the International Day of Human Fraternity proclaimed by United
               Nations General Assembly resolution 75/200 (2020),
                      Expressing deep concern at instances of discrimination, intolerance and
               extremism, manifesting in the form of hate speech or violence based on race, sex,
               ethnicity or religion or belief, such as but not limited to persons belonging to religious
               communities, in particular cases motivated by Islamophobia, antisemitism or
               Christianophobia, and other forms of intolerance which may occur in the lead up to,
               during, and in the aftermath of armed conflict, and in that regard, recognising the
               efforts of the United Nations system to address hate speech at the national and global
               level,
                     Being further deeply concerned by the number of victims as a consequence of
               intolerance, discrimination or incitement in situations of armed conflict, including
               among civilians of diverse religions and beliefs, and stressing the importance of
               assisting such victims and survivors in situations of armed conflict,
                     Remaining deeply concerned about the persistent obstacles to women’s full,
               equal, meaningful and safe participation in the prevention and resolution of conflicts
               and in post-conflict public life, as a result of violence and intimidation, lack of
               security and lack of rule of law, cultural discrimination and stigmatization, including
               the rise of extremist or fanatical views on women, and socio-economic factors
               including the lack of access to education, and in this respect, recognizing that the
               marginalization of women can delay or undermine the achievement of durable peace,
               security and reconciliation,
                     Expressing deep concern at those acts that advocate racial or religious hatred in
               violation of international human rights law and thereby undermine the spirit of
               tolerance, inclusiveness and respect for diversity,
                    Expressing deep concern at instances of violence fuelled by hate speech,
               misinformation and disinformation, including through social media platforms,
                     Recognizing the importance of education, and the role of civil society, including
               community-based civil society, youth, women, peacebuilders, and where relevant the
               private sector, academia, think tanks, media online as well as offline, including
               Internet-based platforms such as social media, and cultural and religious leaders in
               promoting tolerance and peaceful coexistence to support peace building efforts and
               sustaining peace,
                     Underlining the potential contributions of ethnic, religious and confessional
               communities and religious leaders to conflict prevention, resolution, reconciliation,
               reconstruction, peacebuilding and addressing the root causes of conflict, stressing the
               positive contribution of initiatives to promote tolerance and peaceful coexistence, and
               welcoming efforts by religious leaders to promote interreligious dialogue and
               understanding,
                     Reaffirming that sexual violence, when used or commissioned as a method or
               tactic of war or as part of a widespread or systematic attack against civilian
               populations, can significantly exacerbate and prolong situations of armed conflict and
               may impede the restoration of international peace and security,
                     Strongly deploring all acts of violence against persons on the basis of their
               religion or belief and such acts directed against their places of worship, as well as all
               attacks on and in religious places, sites and shrines that are in violation o f
               international law including the Charter of the United Nations,

2/4                                                                                23-11467

                                                                                S/RES/2686 (2023)

               Acknowledging the important role that cultural heritage can play in the
           promotion of reconciliation, peacebuilding, tolerance and peaceful coexistence,
                 Underscoring the importance of strategic communications to, inter alia,
           contribute to countering disinformation and misinformation in order to strengthen the
           ability of United Nations peacekeeping operations to implement their mandates and
           enhance the safety and security of peacekeepers,
                 1.    Recognizes that hate speech, racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia,
           related forms of intolerance, gender discrimination, and acts of extremism can
           contribute to driving the outbreak, escalation and recurrence of conflict, and
           undermine initiatives to address root causes of conflict and prevent and resolve
           conflict, as well as reconciliation, reconstruction and peacebuilding efforts;
                2.    Urges States and international and regional organizations to publicly
           condemn violence, hate speech and extremism motivated by discrimination including
           on the grounds of race, ethnicity, gender, religion or language, in a manner consistent
           with applicable international law, including the right to freedom of expression ;
                3.     Encourages all relevant stakeholders, including religious and community
           leaders, media entities and social media platforms, as well as persons who may have
           credibility and influence within communities to speak out against hate speech, and to
           develop and share good practices to promote tolerance and peaceful coexistence, and
           to address, in a manner consistent with applicable international law, hate speech and
           extremism that leads to or exacerbates armed conflict and impedes durable peace and
           reconciliation;
                 4.    Recognizes the importance of interreligious and intercultural dialogue and
           its valuable contribution to promoting social cohesion, peace and development, and
           calls upon Member States to have regard to, as appropriate and where applicable,
           interreligious and intercultural dialogue as an important tool in efforts aimed at
           achieving peace and social stability and the full realization of internationally agreed
           development goals in situations throughout the peace continuum;
                 5.    Urges States to promote women’s full, equal, meaningful and safe
           participation and leadership at all levels of decision-making, in efforts to promote
           tolerance, sustainable and inclusive peace, and to strengthen social cohesion and
           community resilience, as well as women’s economic empowerment and gender
           equality, further recognizes the role of women’s leadership in prevention and
           resolution of conflict and their contribution to preventing the spread of intolerance
           and incitement to hatred, and recalls the Women, Peace and Security agenda pursuant
           to Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) and related resolutions;
                6.    Reaffirms States’ obligation to respect, promote and protect human rights
           and fundamental freedoms of all individuals, and ensure equal access to justice and
           preserve the integrity of rule of law institutions, and to foster an enabling and safe
           environment for all those working on peace and security, including by protecting civic
           and political space and condemning hate speech and incitement to violence;
                 7.   Encourages States to engage relevant civil society, local communities, the
           private sector and other non-governmental actors, in developing strategies to address
           intolerance and extremism that infringes upon human rights and harms social
           cohesion, by empowering women, youth, families, and religious, cultural and
           education leaders, as well as community leaders, including racial and ethnic
           communities, persons with influence and authority within communities and all other
           concerned groups of civil society;
                8.    Urges Member States to support quality education for peace, including by
           designing and implementing policies whereby education systems promote sustainable

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S/RES/2686 (2023)

               development and gender equality, help to prevent sexual and gender-based violence
               and instill the principles of tolerance and respect for others and cultural diversity, and
               the freedom of religion or belief;
                     9.    Encourages States to prevent the spread of intolerant ideology and
               incitement to hatred, through education to promote tolerance, human rights, and
               interreligious and intercultural dialogue;
                     10. Condemns misinformation, disinformation and incitement to violence
               against United Nations peacekeeping operations intended to negatively affect their
               safety or their ability to implement their mandates;
                     11. Requests United Nations peacekeeping and special political missions,
               within their respective mandates, to monitor hate speech, racism and acts of
               extremism that negatively affect peace and security, and to include reporting on these
               issues in their regular reporting to the Council;
                     12. Encourages all Special Representatives and Special Envoys of the
               Secretary-General, in coordination with relevant stakeholders, to use their good
               offices to support local peace initiatives, and where appropriate involve local
               communities, women, youth, civil society and religious leaders in the mediation of
               peace agreements and their implementation mechanisms;
                     13. Encourages the Peacebuilding Commission to continue fully utilising its
               role to convene United Nations bodies, Member States, national authorities and all
               other relevant stakeholders including regional and sub-regional organisations and
               international financial institutions to ensure an integrated, strategic, coherent,
               coordinated and gender-responsive approach to peacebuilding and sustaining peace
               and, in particular, to promote tolerance and address hate speech throughout the peace
               continuum in accordance with international law;
                     14. Encourages relevant United Nations entities to increase their activities that
               focus on peace education in order to enhance among young people an understanding
               of values such as peace, tolerance, openness, inclusion and mutual respect, whi ch are
               essential in developing a culture of peace;
                     15. Encourages the Secretary-General to carry out and include in relevant
               reporting lessons learned and best practices on participation of religious groups,
               institutions and leaders, including women, as well as local communities, in the
               mediation of peace agreements and their implementation, in initiatives directed to
               conflict prevention, resolution, reconciliation, reconstruction, peacebuilding and in
               addressing the root causes of conflict;
                     16. Requests the Secretary-General to provide an oral briefing to the Security
               Council by 14 June 2024, in a public meeting under the agenda item ‘Maintenance of
               international peace and security’, on the implementation of this resolution in the
               context of situations throughout the peace continuum which are on the agenda of the
               Council, utilizing information from available United Nations sources, including
               country teams, peacekeeping operations, and other United Nations personnel, and
               further requests the Secretary-General to swiftly inform the Council about threats to
               international peace and security in this regard, and expresses its intention to give its
               full attention to such information provided by the Secretary-General when those
               situations are brought to its attention.

4/4                                                                                23-11467

Security Council resolution 2686 (2023) [on publicly condemning violence, hate speech and extremism]

UN. Peacebuilding Commission|TOLERANCE|PEACEBUILDING|FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION|WAR PREVENTION|GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE|RACIAL DISCRIMINATION|RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|XENOPHOBIA|PREVENTIVE DIPLOMACY|INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION|HATE SPEECH

S/78 [27] PEACEBUILDING
S/ X Maintenance of international peace and security.


           United Nations                                                                      S/RES/2687 (2023)
           Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                             27 June 2023

           Resolution 2687 (2023)
           Adopted by the Security Council at its 9359th meeting, on
           27 June 2023
                The Security Council,
                 Recalling all its previous resolutions and statements of its President on the
           situation in Somalia,
                Reaffirming its full respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political
           independence and unity of Somalia,
                Recalling that the Government of Somalia has primary responsibility for
           ensuring security within Somalia, and recognising the Government of Somalia ’s
           request for continued international support to enable it to achieve progressively its
           aim of a secure, stable, peaceful, united and democratic country,
                Commending the contribution to peace and security in Somalia made by the
           African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) and its successor, the African Union
           Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS), since the beginning of operations in Somalia
           16 years ago,
                Commending all those who have served in AMISOM and ATMIS with honour,
           and paying tribute to those who gave their lives in the pursuit of the mandates of these
           Missions,
                 Expressing grave concern that the terrorist group Al-Shabaab continues to pose
           a serious threat to the peace, security and stability of Somalia and the region, and
           noting its increased use of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs),
                Expressing grave concern at the continued presence in Somalia of affiliates
           linked to ISIL/Da’esh,
                 Condemning in the strongest possible terms terrorist attacks in Somalia and
           neighbouring states, expressing deep concern at the loss of civilian life from these
           attacks, and the risk to international forces as demonstrated by the attacks on ATMIS
           bases operated and staffed by Burundian and Ugandan personnel in May 2022 and
           May 2023 respectively, reiterating its determination to support comprehensive efforts
           to reduce the threat posed by Al-Shabaab, and urging Somalia’s leaders to work
           together on the fight against terrorism,
                 Condemning in the strongest terms all attacks, provocations and incitement to
           violence against ATMIS personnel, and United Nations and associated personnel,
           calling on all parties to respect fully their obligations under international law, and

23-12448 (E)
*2312448*

S/RES/2687 (2023)

               stressing that those responsible for these acts should be held accountable, and
               encouraging the African Union, its Member States and the Government of Somalia to
               take all appropriate measures to ensure the best level possible of safety and security
               of ATMIS personnel,
                    Welcoming the progress made by Somalia in the fight against Al-Shabaab,
               including towards disruption of its financial operations, congratulating Somalia for
               the recovery of territory from Al-Shabaab, and underlining the importance of
               preserving the security gains in Somalia and enhancing the support provided to the
               Somali security forces and ATMIS,
                    Looking forward to the completion of the transition of responsibilities from
               ATMIS to the Government of Somalia that will allow for the planned exit of ATMIS
               from Somalia by December 2024, as this will represent a significant milestone in
               Somalia’s recovery from civil war and insurgency,
                    Expressing its commitment to continue to support Somalia to achieve lasting
               and durable peace and security,
                     Welcoming the support provided to Somalia, both to-date by troop- and policecontributing countries, and planned through the Frontline States initiative,
                     Underscoring its desire to support peace and security across the Horn of Africa
               and to support regional efforts to address threats to peace and security including
               terrorism and violent extremism conducive to terrorism and the specific threat posed
               by Al-Shabaab,
                     Emphasising the importance of capacity building and security sector reform to
               enable integrated Somali security forces and institutions to respond effectively to
               security threats, and further emphasising the importance of coordination between the
               Government of Somalia, the United Nations, African Union, and Somalia ’s
               international partners to ensure capacity building is joined-up, and enables Somalia
               to assume full responsibility for its security,
                     Recognising that military action alone will not be sufficient to resolve threats to
               peace and security in Somalia, emphasising that the protection of civilians is critical
               to build sustainable peace, and reiterating the need to pursue a holistic approach that
               reinforces the foundations of peace and stability, in line with priorities defined by the
               Government of Somalia including through enhancing:
                    (i)    effective governance and public administration,
                    (ii)   anti-corruption,
                    (iii) preventing organised crime,
                    (iv) the rule of law,
                    (v)    justice and law enforcement,
                    (vi) efforts to counter terrorism,
                    (vii) efforts to promote terrorist disengagement and defections,
                    (viii) preventing and countering violent extremism conducive to terrorism,
                    (ix) security sector reform, and
                    (x)    inclusive politics and reconciliation,
                     Noting the potential of international cooperation and support for peacebuilding
               and post-conflict reconstruction and development in Somalia, if provided in line with
               priorities defined by the Somali authorities, and further noting in this regard the

2/8                                                                                23-12448

                                                                                S/RES/2687 (2023)

           African Union Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Development (AUPCRD) policy and
           the AUPCRD dedicated centre in Cairo,
                 Recalling its resolution 1325 (2000) and subsequent resolutions, recognising the
           important role of women in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and in
           peacebuilding, and stressing the importance of the full, equal and meaningful
           participation and involvement of women in all efforts at all levels for the maintenance
           and promotion of peace and security, and the need to increase the role of women in
           decision-making and leadership regarding conflict prevention and resolution, as
           envisaged in the Somali Women’s Charter,
                 Condemning violations and abuses of human rights and violations of
           international humanitarian law in Somalia, calling on all parties to act in full
           compliance with their obligations under international human rights law and
           international humanitarian law, as applicable,
                 Expressing serious concern about the humanitarian situation in Somalia, and
           calling for all parties to the conflict to allow and facilitate, in accordance with relevant
           provisions of international law, including applicable international humanitarian law,
           and in a manner consistent with the United Nations guiding principles of humanitarian
           emergency assistance (United Nations General Assembly resolution 46/182),
           including humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence the provision of
           humanitarian assistance necessary to support civilians in need,
                 Emphasising the need for adequate risk assessment and risk management
           strategies by the Government of Somalia and the United Nations, of climate change,
           other ecological changes, natural disasters and other factors on the stability of Somalia ,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

           Part 1: Somalia
                 1.    Underscores that the Government of Somalia has primary responsibility
           for protecting civilians in Somalia, and underlines the importance of protecting
           civilians in accordance with relevant provisions of international human rights law and
           international humanitarian law;
                2.   Encourages Somalia to maintain the momentum in its fight against
           Al-Shabaab;
                3.    Urges the Government of Somalia to prioritise early recovery, stabilisation
           and reconciliation in areas liberated from Al-Shabaab and encourages it to plan for
           these activities in preparation for and alongside its continued offensive operations
           against Al-Shabaab;
                 4.    Demands that all parties allow and facilitate, in accordance with applicable
           international humanitarian law, full, safe, rapid and unhindered access for the timely
           delivery of aid to persons in need across Somalia in line with the humanitarian principles;
                 5.   Encourages the Government of Somalia to share information about
           security operations with ATMIS and UNSOS to enable early and effective planning
           for required support in line with their mandates and authorisations;
                6.    Recalls paragraphs 3, 9 and 14 of resolution 2628 (2022);
                7.    Notes the Government of Somalia has revised its National Security
           Architecture, and encourages it to:
                a.    develop a costed version to support sustainability and affordability
                      planning as well as to encourage donor support;

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S/RES/2687 (2023)

                    b.    further develop the revised National Security Architecture to include a
                          detailed force generation, integration and sustainment plan for Somali
                          security forces, which can enable necessary hold forces for newly
                          recovered areas and the gradual takeover of security responsibilities from
                          ATMIS, in line with Somalia’s strategic needs, as ATMIS draws down;
                     8.    Stresses the importance of planning the implementation of the National
               Security Architecture down to state and local levels and across force elements, and
               prioritising as needs and resources require, including the agreement and
               implementation of security arrangements in newly recovered areas;
                     9.  Calls on the Government of Somalia to focus on implementing its weapons
               and ammunition management commitments at federal and state levels, and to work
               with the United Nations and bilateral partners to address the r ecommendations
               outlined in the technical assessment of Somalia’s weapons and ammunition
               management capability (S/2022/698);
                     10. Looks forward to the forthcoming technical assessment of Somalia ’s
               weapons and ammunition capability and the report due by 15 September 2023, and
               reaffirms its commitment to working with Somalia to ensure that the procedures set
               out in paragraphs 14 and 15, and Annexes A and B to resolution 2662 (2022) are lifted
               progressively, in light of progress made against the benchmarks set out in the
               technical assessment (S/2022/698);
                     11. Calls on the Government of Somalia, in coordination with ATMIS,
               international partners, and relevant United Nations entities, including UNMAS, to
               combat the illicit trade, transfer, diversion and accumulation of weapons, including
               small arms and light weapons, and ammunition, to prevent access of unauthorised
               recipients to all types of explosives and related materials in Somalia, and to ensure
               their safe and effective management and storage;
                     12. Calls on the Government of Somalia to work with the United Nations,
               African Union, European Union and bilateral partners to expedite the development of
               its sovereign capabilities necessary to gradually takeover security responsibilities
               from ATMIS, and to enable greater Somali ownership and responsibility in
               preparation for the exit of ATMIS and scaling-back of UNSOS support;

               Part 2: Horn of Africa
                     13. Underscores that regional cooperation and collaboration, including with
               the African Union and Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), will
               enhance the effectiveness of the response to transnational threats, including, armed
               conflict, terrorism and violent extremism conducive to terrorism and the specific
               threat posed by Al-Shabaab;
                     14. Urges the Government of Somalia to ensure coordination between ATMIS,
               regional and bilateral security operations in Somalia to maximise coherence and
               effectiveness, and encourages Somalia’s partners to coordinate their support;
                     15. Condemns in the strongest terms the attacks by Al-Shabaab targeting
               security forces, and its terrorist attacks against government officials, civilians, and
               civilian infrastructure and ATMIS personnel in Somalia and the wider region, as well
               as incidents of hostage-taking and kidnapping of civilians, its recruitment, training
               and use of foreign terrorist fighters, and notes with concern that these activities
               constitute a threat to peace and security in Somalia, regional stability, integration and
               development, and exacerbate the humanitarian crisis;

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                                                                                S/RES/2687 (2023)

                 16. Requests the Government of Somalia continue to strengthen cooperation
           and coordination with other Member States, particularly other Member States in the
           region, to prevent and counter the financing of terrorism, consistent with resolutions
           1373 (2001), 2178 (2014), and 2462 (2019), and urges Somalia, with the support of
           the African Union, the United Nations, European Union and other Member States to
           work closer together to increase the delivery of non -military activities to degrade
           Al-Shabaab and ISIL/Da’esh, to prevent them conducting activities that harm the
           sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence and unity of Somalia, to
           counter their terrorist activities, illicit finance, organised crime, access to, and
           trafficking in, arms and ammunition, including small arms and light weapons, IED
           manufacture, and to work together with the international community, to implement
           the measures set out in resolution 2662 (2022), including those measures imposed
           against individuals and groups designated by the Security Council Committee
           pursuant to resolution 751 (1992);

           Part 3: ATMIS
                 17. Recalls paragraph 22 of resolution 2628 (2022), extended in paragraph 1
           to resolution 2670 (2022), and extends its authorisations until 31 December 2023;
              18. Recalls paragraphs 23 and 24 of resolution 2628 (2022), and requests
           ATMIS to prioritise three activities:
                a.    maintaining enabling support for peace and security in Somalia, including
                      for the political processes at all levels, including stabilisation efforts,
                      reconciliation and peacebuilding, to ensure a sustainable transition; and
                b.    supporting FGS-led operations against Al-Shabaab, including by securing
                      vital routes between secured areas across the country;
                c.    preparing for its smooth drawdown and exit from Somalia as planned;
                 19. Authorises the Member States of the African Union to deploy up to 17,626
           uniformed personnel to ATMIS until 30 September 2023, and 14,626 personnel to
           ATMIS from 1 October 2023 to 31 December 2023, and affirms its readiness to review
           these figures in light of the proposal requested in paragraph 41 to this resolution;
                 20. Recalls its request in resolutions 2628 and 2670 (2022) for an updated
           logistical support plan, and takes note of the letter from the Secretary -General in this
           regard dated 8 May 2023, and requests, within agreed budget authorisations, the
           United Nations to work with ATMIS troop-contributing countries to expedite the
           process for the deployment of additional air assets, up to a total of 24 helicopters, as
           well as counter IED, surveillance and other capabilities to enhance ATMIS
           capabilities for the effective implementation of Phases 2 and 3;
                 21. Requests the African Union to implement the Phase 2 drawdown to 14,626
           personnel jointly with the Government of Somalia as informed by the findings of the
           Joint Technical Assessment requested in paragraph 40 to this resolution, and ensuring
           that the drawdown is strategic, reflecting the Government of Somalia ’s overarching
           security transition objectives and the security situation in each ATMIS sector, and
           takes into account measures for ATMIS force protection, and the need to maintain the
           hard-won gains across ATMIS’ area of operations;
                 22. Encourages the African Union to fill ATMIS civilian staff vacancies, and
           to recruit actively, where practicable and appropriate, Somali nationals to ATMIS ’s
           civilian staff in Somalia to enhance knowledge transfer;
                23.   Reaffirms paragraphs 31-35 of resolution 2628 (2022);

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               Part 4: United Nations
                    24. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide a logistical support
               package, and, in consultation with the African Union and the Government of Somalia,
               to update the logistical support plan as appropriate, in full compliance with the Human
               Rights Due Diligence Plan (HRDDP), through the United Nations Support Office for
               Somalia (UNSOS) for:
                    a.    United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM);
                    b.    ATMIS uniformed personnel in line with paragraph 18 to this resolution,
                          and on the basis set out in paragraph 2 of resolution 2245 (2015); and
                    c.    up to 85 ATMIS civilians, to support ATMIS’ military and police tasks and
                          enhance coordination between the United Nations, African Union and
                          Somalia;
                    25. Recalls paragraph 2 of resolution 2245 (2015) and decides to extend the
               provision outlined in sub-paragraphs (f) and (g) to cover 15,900 personnel, rising to
               18,900 personnel from 1 October 2023, from the Somali National Army or Somali
               National Police Force on joint or coordinated operations with ATMIS and agrees to
               consider increasing this number further by letter from the President of the Security
               Council, if UNSOS advises there is sufficient funds to do so;
                     26. Underscores the continued importance of ATMIS and the Government of
               Somalia working jointly with UNSOS on the delivery of logistics support, including
               for the pre-positioning of required resources at the Sector Logistics Hubs to enable
               effective conduct and sustenance of operations, support to early recovery and
               stabilisation activities, and among other things, integrating UNSOS into planning for:
                    a.    military operations;
                    b.    ensuring convoy and airfield security;
                    c.    protection of civilians; and,
                    d.    protecting main supply routes;
                    27. Requests the United Nations to begin consultations with the African
               Union, troop- and police-contributing countries, donors and the Government of
               Somalia on the implications of ATMIS drawdown for in -country military and police
               equipment and potential options for disposal, extraction or transfer thereof;
                    28. Recalls UNSOM’s role in coordinating capacity-building support provided
               by UNSOM, UNSOS and UN agencies, funds and programmes to Somalia, and
               encourages continued engagement with Somalia’s bilateral partners to understand
               wider capacity-building support provision and ensuring alignment where possible;
                     29. Requests UNSOM and UNSOS in full consultation with the Government
               of Somalia, to define the logistical and enabling tasks that would need to be
               transitioned to Somalia when ATMIS departs, and to support Somalia in planning for
               and developing its sovereign capacity in the following areas:
                    a.    procurement;
                    b.    supply chain management;
                    c.    logistics and warehouse operations, including distribution of weapons and
                          ammunition to and from the front lines;
                    d.    engineering;

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                e.    weapons and ammunition           management,      including   obsolescence
                      management; and
                f.    human resources management;
                30. Requests the Secretary-General to continue United Nations support to
           Somalia with training, equipment and mentorship to counter the threat of improvised
           explosive devices (IEDs) and encourages the United Nations to consult with
           Somalia’s bilateral training partners to ensure coordination and alignment;
                 31. Underlines the important role the United Nations can play in supporting
           stabilisation efforts, including by supporting the Government of Somalia and local
           authorities to collaborate, prioritise, plan and deliver stabilisation efforts, and b y
           coordinating international support;
                32. Encourages the Secretary-General, as appropriate, to consider options for
           greater nationalisation of UN functions in Somalia, and encourages the United
           Nations to appoint qualified Somali nationals in Somalia wher e practicable and
           appropriate, and, separately, to offer internships and other training opportunities for
           Somali civil servants to enhance knowledge transfer;
                33. Reaffirms paragraph 42 of resolution 2628 (2022) and requests the
           Government of Somalia and the African Union to agree updated memoranda of
           understanding with the United Nations on the provision of United Nations support to
           Somali security forces;
                34. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to work closely with the
           African Union in supporting the implementation of this resolution, including to
           provide technical and expert advice on the planning, deployment and strategic
           management of ATMIS during its transition in line with the mandate of the United
           Nations office to the African Union;
                 35. Underlines the need to enhance the predictability, sustainability and
           flexibility of financing for African Union-led peace support operations authorised by
           the Security Council and under the Security Council’s authority consistent with
           Chapter VIII of the Charter, and encourages the Secretary-General, African Union
           and Member States to continue efforts to explore in earnest funding arrangements for
           ATMIS, bearing in mind the full range of options available to the United Nations,
           African Union, the European Union, and to other partners, and considering the
           limitations of voluntary funding, in order to establish secure future funding
           arrangements for ATMIS;

           Part 5: Member States

                 36. Commends those Member States and Observers, namely the European
           Union and its Member States, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
           Ireland, the Republic of South Korea, the Republic of India and the Peoples Republic
           of China, who have made voluntary contributions towards the cost of ATMIS in the
           past year;
                37. Encourages Member States to contribute to the cost of ATMIS and/or
           towards the UNSOS administered Somalia Trust Fund, and emphasises that additional
           support will enable Somalia to accelerate its fight against Al-Shabaab and improve
           peace and security in Somalia and the region and encourages Member States to
           support ATMIS until the end of security transition by 31 December 2024;
                38. Commends Member States and non-governmental organisations who are
           supporting Somalia bilaterally and encourages them to continue to improve
           coordination and communication to better align training and capacity building

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               activities, including of training offers, with a view to building sovereign capabilities
               and to prevent duplication;
                    39. Encourages Member States to support Somalia at its request with maritime
               security, including the development of its coast guard, maritime police, and naval
               forces to reduce maritime crime and prevent smuggling;

               Part 6: Reporting

                     40. Requests the Government of Somalia and the African Union in
               consultation with the United Nations and international partners, to conduct a joint
               technical assessment by 31 August 2023 to evaluate Phase 1 drawdown and identity
               lessons, as well as the implications of the revised National Security Architecture and
               force generation, to inform planning for the remaining phases of ATMIS drawdown;
                    41. Requests an update by 15 September 2023 from the African Union and the
               Government of Somalia on their preparations for Phase 2 drawdown, taking into
               account the lessons identified from Phase 1, and setting out a clear plan and timescale
               for Phase 2 drawdown;
                     42. Requests the United Nations to work with Somalia and the African Union
               to understand stabilisation needs and to conduct an independent assessment, by
               30 September 2023, of Somalia’s current stabilisation needs and efforts, including
               their prioritisation, planning, management, coordination, delivery and impact and to
               suggest recommendations for future consideration;
                    43. Requests the Government of Somalia to provide an update to the Security
               Council by 30 November 2023 on progress in implementing its revised National
               Security Architecture and force generation and integration;
                     44. Requests the Secretary-General to keep the Security Council regularly
               informed on the implementation of this resolution in their regular reports requested
               in paragraph 15 of resolution 2657 (2022) and requests these reports contain updates
               on capacity-building in Somalia, and, in full consultation with the Government of
               Somalia, make recommendations to the Security Council on capacity -building
               requirements as necessary;
                     45. Expresses its intention to request the United Nations to build on the recent
               strategic review of UNSOM (S/2022/716) and commission an independent strategic
               review of UNSOS, in full consultation with the Government of Somalia and the
               African Union, and to present a proposal for the future design of United Nations
               support to Somalia from 2025, and encourages the African Union to share its strategic
               review for Somalia following the exit of ATMIS;
                    46. Encourages the Government of Somalia, in consultation with the United
               Nations and the African Union, to consider options for ensuring ongoing security
               around strategic locations, including the international airport complex in Mogadishu,
               following the exit of ATMIS;
                    47.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2687 (2023) [on extension of the authorizations of the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) until 31 December 2023]

Eastern Asia|Northern Europe|Southern Asia|Sub-Saharan Africa

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S/78 [84] SOMALIA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Somalia.