UNITED
NATIONS                                                                      S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/1181 (1998)
                                                               13 July 1998

                               RESOLUTION 1181 (1998)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3902nd meeting,
                                   on 13 July 1998

     The Security Council,

     Recalling its previous relevant resolutions and the statements of its
President,

     Welcoming the continued efforts of the Government of Sierra Leone to
restore peaceful and secure conditions in the country, to re-establish effective
administration and the democratic process and to embark on the task of national
reconciliation, reconstruction and rehabilitation,

     Recognizing the important contribution of the Economic Community of West
African States (ECOWAS) in support of these objectives,

     Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 9 June 1998
(S/1998/486 and Add.1),

     Noting the objectives set by ECOWAS for its Military Observer Group
(ECOMOG) as described in paragraph 17 of the report of Secretary-General,

     Gravely concerned at the loss of life and immense suffering undergone by
the people of Sierra Leone, including refugees and displaced persons, as a
result of the continuing rebel attacks, and in particular at the plight of
children affected by the conflict,

     1.   Condemns the continued resistance of remnants of the ousted junta and
members of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) to the authority of the
legitimate government and the violence they are perpetrating against the
civilian population of Sierra Leone, and demands that they lay down their arms
immediately;

     2.   Emphasizes the need to promote national reconciliation in Sierra
Leone, encourages all parties in the country to work together towards this
objective, and welcomes the assistance of the Secretary-General and his Special
Envoy in that regard;

98-20328 (E)                                                                 /...

S/RES/1181 (1998)
Page 2

     3.   Welcomes the proposal in the report of the Secretary-General of
9 June 1998 on the establishment of the United Nations Observer Mission in
Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL);

     4.   Notes that the Government of Sierra Leone has adopted a disarmament,
demobilization and reintegration plan agreed with the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development, the United Nations Development Programme and
other donors;

     5.   Commends the positive role of ECOWAS and ECOMOG in their efforts to
restore peace, security and stability throughout the country at the request of
the Government of Sierra Leone, and notes the role of ECOMOG in assisting the
implementation of the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration plan adopted
by the Government of Sierra Leone, including the provision of security and
responsibility for arms collection and destruction;

     6.   Decides to establish UNOMSIL for an initial period of six months until
13 January 1999, and further decides that it shall include up to 70 military
observers as well as a small medical unit, with the necessary equipment and
civilian support staff, with the following mandate:

     (a) To monitor the military and security situation in the country as a
whole, as security conditions permit, and to provide the Special Representative
of the Secretary-General with regular information thereon in particular with a
view to determining when conditions are sufficiently secure to allow subsequent
deployments of military observers beyond the first phase described in
paragraph 7 below;

     (b) To monitor the disarmament and demobilization of former combatants
concentrated in secure areas of the country, including monitoring of the role of
ECOMOG in the provision of security and in the collection and destruction of
arms in those secure areas;

     (c) To assist in monitoring respect for international humanitarian law,
including at disarmament and demobilization sites, where security conditions
permit;

     (d) To monitor the voluntary disarmament and demobilization of members of
the Civil Defence Forces (CDF), as security conditions permit;

     7.   Decides further that the elements of UNOMSIL referred to in
paragraph 6 above shall be deployed as outlined in the Secretary-General’s
report, with approximately 40 military observers deployed in the first phase to
ECOMOG-secured areas, and that subsequent deployments shall take place as soon
as security conditions permit, and subject to progress on the implementation of
the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration plan and the availability of
the necessary equipment and resources;

     8.   Decides further that UNOMSIL shall be led by the Special Envoy of the
Secretary-General, who will be designated Special Representative for Sierra
Leone, that UNOMSIL shall subsume the office of the Special Envoy and its
civilian staff, and that the augmented civilian staff, as recommended by the

                                                                             /...

                                                               S/RES/1181 (1998)
                                                               Page 3

Secretary-General in paragraphs 74 and 75 of his report, shall perform,
inter alia, the following tasks:

     (a) To advise, in coordination with other international efforts, the
Government of Sierra Leone and local police officials on police practice,
training, re-equipment and recruitment, in particular on the need to respect
internationally accepted standards of policing in democratic societies, to
advise on the planning of the reform and restructuring of the Sierra Leone
police force, and to monitor progress in that regard;

     (b) To report on violations of international humanitarian law and human
rights in Sierra Leone, and, in consultation with the relevant United Nations
agencies, to assist the Government of Sierra Leone in its efforts to address the
country’s human rights needs;

     9.   Welcomes the commitment of ECOMOG to ensure the security of United
Nations personnel, and in this regard welcomes also the intention of the
Secretary-General to establish security arrangements for United Nations
personnel with the Chairman of ECOWAS and to conclude a status of mission
agreement with Government of Sierra Leone;

     10. Decides that the elements of UNOMSIL referred to in paragraph 6 above
shall be deployed when the Secretary-General informs the Council that security
arrangements and the status of mission agreement have been concluded, and
further decides to keep the deployment of UNOMSIL under review in the light of
the prevailing security conditions;

     11. Stresses the need for full cooperation and close coordination between
UNOMSIL and ECOMOG in their respective operational activities;

     12. Demands that all factions and forces in Sierra Leone strictly respect
the status of UNOMSIL personnel, as well as organizations and agencies
delivering humanitarian assistance throughout Sierra Leone, and that they
respect human rights and abide by applicable rules of international humanitarian
law;

     13. Expresses its serious concern at the reports of cross-border arms
flows and support to the rebels in Sierra Leone, welcomes the intention of the
Secretary-General, as indicated in his report, to pursue with all parties
concerned steps to eliminate these activities, and in that regard reaffirms the
obligation of all States to comply strictly with the terms of the embargo on the
sale or supply of arms and related matériel to Sierra Leone imposed by
resolution 1171 (1998) of 5 June 1998, and to bring all instances of violations
of the arms embargo before the Committee established by resolution 1132 (1997)
of 8 October 1997;

     14. Welcomes the efforts of the Government of Sierra Leone to coordinate
an effective national response to the needs of children affected by armed
conflict, and the recommendation of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children in Armed Conflict that Sierra Leone be made one of the
pilot projects for a more concerted and effective response to the needs of
children in the context of post-conflict peace-building;

                                                                               /...

S/RES/1181 (1998)
Page 4

     15. Further welcomes the decision of the Secretary-General to convene a
high-level conference to mobilize assistance for peacekeeping activities,
emergency and humanitarian needs and reconstruction and rehabilitation in Sierra
Leone;

     16. Reiterates its urgent appeal to States to make contributions to the
Trust Fund which has been established to support peacekeeping and related
activities in Sierra Leone, to provide technical and logistical support to
assist ECOMOG to carry out its peacekeeping role, and to help facilitate other
ECOWAS member States to provide additional troops to strengthen the deployment
of ECOMOG in Sierra Leone;

     17. Urges all States and international organizations to provide urgent
humanitarian assistance to Sierra Leone, in response to the consolidated
inter-agency appeal launched on 24 June 1998;

     18. Encourages all States and international organizations to assist and
participate in the longer term tasks of reconstruction and economic and social
recovery and development in Sierra Leone;

     19. Requests the Secretary-General to submit an initial report to the
Council within 30 days of the adoption of this resolution and every 60 days
thereafter on the deployment of UNOMSIL and on the progress of UNOMSIL in
carrying out its mandate, and also to inform the Council on plans for the later
phases of the deployment of UNOMSIL when security conditions permit these to be
implemented;

     20.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

                                      -----

Security Council resolution 1181 (1998) [on establishment of the UN Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL)]
[Establishment of the UN Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL)]

UN Observer Mission in Sierra Leone > Establishment|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Sierra Leone|UN. Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Sierra Leone|Economic Community of West African States. Military Observer Group|POLITICAL CONDITIONS|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|MILITARY DEMOBILIZATION|INTERNAL SECURITY|POLICE|ARMS EMBARGO|FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|RECONSTRUCTION|SIERRA LEONE|CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICTS|MILITARY PERSONNEL|STAFF SECURITY|COOPERATION BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONS|CONFERENCES|RESOURCES MOBILIZATION|TRUST FUNDS|ESTABLISHMENT

S/53 [170] UN OBSERVER MISSION IN SIERRA LEONE
S/53 [171] SIERRA LEONE--POLITICAL CONDITIONS


UNITED
NATIONS                                                                      S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/1182 (1998)
                                                               14 July 1998

                               RESOLUTION 1182 (1998)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3905th meeting,
                                   on 14 July 1998

     The Security Council,

     Reaffirming its resolutions 1125 (1997) of 6 August 1997, 1136 (1997) of
6 November 1997, 1152 (1998) of 5 February 1998, 1155 (1998) of 16 March 1998,
and 1159 (1998) of 27 March 1998,

     Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General of 19 June 1998 (S/1998/540)
and noting the recommendations contained therein,

     Noting with satisfaction the rapid and effective deployment of the United
Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA),

     Stressing the importance of regional stability and the need to consolidate
the progress achieved so far, and in particular to assist the people of the
Central African Republic to consolidate the process of national reconciliation
and to help sustain a secure and stable environment conducive to the holding of
free and fair elections,

     Welcoming the inauguration of the Electoral Commission with a neutral and
independent Chairman and stressing the need for all signatories to the Bangui
Agreements to cooperate to ensure the effective functioning of the Commission,

     Reiterating the need for the authorities of the Central African Republic to
continue to take concrete steps to implement political, economic, social and
security reforms as referred to in the report of the Secretary-General of
23 February 1998 (S/1998/148) and to fulfil the commitments expressed in the
letter of 8 January 1998 to the Secretary-General from the President of the
Central African Republic (S/1998/61, annex) including continued cooperation with
the international financial institutions,

     1.   Decides to extend the mandate of MINURCA until 25 October 1998;

98-20596 (E)                                                                 /...

S/RES/1182 (1998)
Page 2

     2.   Calls upon the Government of the Central African Republic to adopt, as
soon as possible, a plan for the effective restructuring of the armed forces of
the Central African Republic based on the proposals submitted by the Commission
on the Restructuring of the Defence and Security Forces;

     3.   Urges the international community to lend its support to the
restructuring of the security forces of the Central African Republic, including
the gendarmerie, through bilateral and multilateral assistance programmes, and
recognizes the role of MINURCA of providing advice and technical assistance for
the initial steps in restructuring the security forces of the Central African
Republic and, in this connection, coordinating and channelling international
support to this end;

     4.   Recognizes that MINURCA, in implementing its mandate, may conduct
limited-duration reconnaissance missions outside Bangui, and other tasks
involving the security of United Nations personnel in accordance with
paragraph 10 of resolution 1159 (1998);

     5.   Calls upon the authorities of the Central African Republic to adopt
rapidly an operational plan for the organization of the legislative elections,
and so enable the United Nations and international organizations to make
arrangements for the provision of the necessary assistance;

     6.   Encourages MINURCA to continue to consult with the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP) regarding the provision of advice and technical
assistance to all relevant electoral bodies, and urges the Secretary-General to
provide, as soon as possible, recommendations for United Nations assistance for
the legislative election process;

     7.   Urges Member States to provide the required technical, financial and
logistical assistance for the organization of free and fair elections;

     8.   Also urges Member States to support the efforts of the authorities of
the Central African Republic in the economic and social development of the
country and in particular encourages international financial institutions to
cooperate with the Central African Republic in this regard;

     9.   Requests the Secretary-General to submit a report to the Security
Council by 25 September 1998 on the implementation of the mandate of MINURCA, on
developments in the Central African Republic, on progress towards the
implementation of the commitments expressed in the letter of 8 January 1998 to
the Secretary-General from the President of the Central African Republic and on
the implementation of the Bangui Agreements and the National Reconciliation
Pact, including on commitments related to ensuring the country’s economic
recovery;

     10.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

                                      -----

Security Council resolution 1180 (1998) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA)]
[Extension of the mandate of the UN Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA)]

UN Mission in the Central African Republic|ELECTIONS|ARMED FORCES|ELECTION VERIFICATION|TECHNICAL COOPERATION|DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE|CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

S/53 [181] CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC SITUATION
S/53 [182] UN MISSION IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC


UNITED
NATIONS                                                                       S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/1183 (1998)
                                                               15 July 1998

                               RESOLUTION 1183 (1998)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3907th meeting,
                                   on 15 July 1998

     The Security Council,

     Recalling all its earlier relevant resolutions, in particular its
resolutions 779 (1992) of 6 October 1992, 981 (1995) of 31 March 1995 and
1147 (1998) of 13 January 1998,

     Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 26 June 1998
(S/1998/578) and noting the positive assessment in the Secretary-General’s
report of recent developments, including the initiative by the Republic of
Croatia (S/1998/533, Annex) for a final resolution of the disputed issue of
Prevlaka,

     Noting also the proposal by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (S/1998/632,
Annex), on the permanent settlement of the disputed issue of Prevlaka,

     Reaffirming once again its commitment to the independence, sovereignty and
territorial integrity of the Republic of Croatia within its internationally
recognized borders,

     Noting again the Joint Declaration signed at Geneva on 30 September 1992 by
the Presidents of the Republic of Croatia and the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia, in particular Article 3, which reaffirmed their agreement concerning
the demilitarization of the Prevlaka peninsula, and emphasizing the contribution
that this demilitarization has made to the decrease of tension in the region,

     Concerned, however, at the continued long-standing violations of the
demilitarization regime in the United Nations designated zones in the region and
the failure of the parties to improve their compliance with the demilitarization
regime as recommended by the United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka,
including important demining activities within the demilitarized area, and by
continued restrictions on the freedom of movement of its personnel within their
area of responsibility,

98-20696 (E)                                                                  /...

S/RES/1183 (1998)
Page 2

     Recalling the Agreement on Normalization of Relations between the Republic
of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia signed in Belgrade on
23 August 1996 (S/1996/706, Annex), committing the parties to settle peacefully
the disputed issue of Prevlaka by negotiations in the spirit of the Charter of
the United Nations and good-neighbourly relations, and deeply concerned at the
lack of significant progress towards such a settlement,

     Noting that the presence of the United Nations military observers continues
to be essential to maintain conditions that are conducive to a negotiated
settlement of the disputed issue of Prevlaka,

     1.   Authorizes the United Nations military observers to continue
monitoring the demilitarization of the Prevlaka peninsula, in accordance with
resolutions 779 (1992) and 981 (1995) and paragraphs 19 and 20 of the report of
the Secretary-General of 13 December 1995 (S/1995/1028*), until 15 January 1999;

     2.   Calls upon the parties to take further steps to reduce tension and
improve safety and security in the area;

     3.   Reiterates its call upon the parties to cease all violations of the
demilitarization regime in the United Nations designated zones, to cooperate
fully with the United Nations military observers and to ensure their safety and
full and unrestricted freedom of movement, and calls upon them to complete
promptly the demining of the area;

     4.   Urges the parties to abide by their mutual commitments and to
implement fully the Agreement on Normalization of Relations between the Republic
of Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia of 23 August 1996, in
particular their commitment to reach a negotiated resolution of the disputed
issue of Prevlaka in accordance with article 4 of the Agreement, and calls upon
them to engage promptly and constructively in negotiations;

     5.   Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the Council by
15 October 1998 a report on the situation in the Prevlaka peninsula and in
particular on progress made by the Republic of Croatia and the Federal Republic
of Yugoslavia towards a settlement which would peacefully resolve their
differences, and in this context on the possible adaptation of the United
Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka;

     6.   Requests the United Nations military observers and the multinational
stabilization force authorized by the Council in resolution 1088 (1996) of
12 December 1996 and extended by resolution 1174 (1998) of 15 June 1998 to
cooperate fully with each other;

     7.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

                                     -----

Security Council resolution 1183 (1998) [on the demilitarization of the Prevlaka Peninsula]
[Demilitarization of the Prevlaka peninsula]

UN Mission of Observers in Prevlaka|Stabilization Force|DEMILITARIZED ZONES|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|PREVLAKA PENINSULA|DISPUTES|CROATIA|YUGOSLAVIA

S/53 [68] UN MISSION OF OBSERVERS IN PREVLAKA
S/53 [60] FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SITUATION
S/53 [65] CROATIA SITUATION


UNITED
NATIONS                                                                       S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/1184 (1998)
                                                               16 July 1998

                               RESOLUTION 1184 (1998)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3909th meeting,
                                   on 16 July 1998

     The Security Council,

     Recalling all its previous relevant resolutions concerning the conflicts in
the former Yugoslavia, in particular resolutions 1168 (1998) of 21 May 1998 and
1174 (1998) of 15 June 1998,

     Recalling also the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and
Herzegovina and the Annexes thereto (collectively the Peace Agreement,
S/1995/999, annex),

     Taking note of the conclusions of the Peace Implementation Conference in
Bonn on 9 and 10 December 1997 (S/1997/979, annex) and of the declaration of the
Peace Implementation Council Steering Board in Luxembourg on 9 June 1998
(S/1998/498, annex),

     Noting also the recommendations of the High Representative of 9 April 1998
(S/1998/314),

     Having considered the reports of the Secretary-General of 12 March 1998
(S/1998/227 and Corr.1 and Add.1) and 10 June 1998 (S/1998/491), in particular
his observations and planning regarding the issue of legal reform,

     1.   Approves the establishment by the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and
Herzegovina (UNMIBH) of a programme to monitor and assess the court system in
Bosnia and Herzegovina, as part of an overall programme of legal reform as
outlined by the Office of the High Representative, in the light of the Peace
Agreement, the recommendations of the Peace Implementation Conference in Bonn
and the Peace Implementation Council Steering Board in Luxembourg, and the
recommendations of the High Representative;

     2.   Requests the authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina to cooperate fully
with, and instruct their respective responsible officials to provide their full
support to, the court monitoring programme;

98-20787 (E)                                                                  /...

S/RES/1184 (1998)
Page 2

     3.   Requests the Secretary-General to keep the Council regularly informed
on the implementation of the programme to monitor and assess the court system in
Bosnia and Herzegovina through his reports on the implementation of the mandate
of UNMIBH as a whole;

     4.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

                                     -----

Security Council resolution 1184 (1998) [on the establishment by the UN Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina of a programme to monitor and assess the court system in Bosnia and Herzegovina]
[Establishment of a programme to monitor and assess the court system of Bosnia and Herzegovina]

UN Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina|High Representative for the Implementation of the Peace Agreement on Bosnia and Herzegovina|Peace Implementation Council|Peace Implementation Conference (1997 : Bonn, Germany)|LAW REFORM|COURTS|SPECIAL MISSIONS|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SITUATION

S/53 [63] UN MISSION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
S/53 [62] BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SITUATION
S/53 [60] FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SITUATION


UNITED
NATIONS                                                                       S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/1185 (1998)
                                                               20 July 1998

                               RESOLUTION 1185 (1998)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3910th meeting,
                                   on 20 July 1998

     The Security Council,

     Recalling all its previous resolutions on the question of the Western
Sahara,

     Reaffirming its full support for the Secretary-General, his Personal Envoy,
his Special Representative and the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in
Western Sahara (MINURSO) in the implementation of the Settlement Plan and the
agreements reached by the two parties for its implementation, and recalling that
under these agreements the responsibility for implementing the identification
process lies with the Identification Commission,

     Reiterating its commitment to assist the parties to achieve a just and
lasting solution to the question of the Western Sahara,

     Reiterating also its commitment to the holding without further delay of a
free, fair and impartial referendum for the self-determination of the people of
the Western Sahara in accordance with the Settlement Plan, which has been
accepted by the two parties,

     Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General of 10 July 1998 (S/1998/634)
and supporting the observations and recommendations contained therein,

     1.   Decides to extend the mandate of MINURSO until 21 September 1998, in
order that MINURSO may proceed with its identification tasks, with the aim of
completing the process;

     2.   Welcomes, in line with the report of the Secretary-General, engagement
by his Personal Envoy with the parties to seek a solution to those issues
bearing upon implementation of the Settlement Plan;

     3.   Calls upon the parties to cooperate constructively with the United
Nations, the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General, the Special Representative
of the Secretary-General and the Identification Commission established pursuant

98-21123 (E)                                                                  /...

S/RES/1185/(1998)
English
Page 2

to the Settlement Plan in order to complete the identification of voters phase
of the Settlement Plan and the agreements reached for its implementation;

     4.   Notes with satisfaction the expressed readiness of the Moroccan
Government to cooperate with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees (UNHCR) in order to formalize the presence of UNHCR in the Western
Sahara, according to the Settlement Plan;

     5.   Notes the continuing deployment of the engineering units required for
demining activities and of the administrative staff required to support the
deployment of military personnel as proposed in annex II of the report of the
Secretary-General of 13 November 1997 (S/1997/882), as further described in the
recommendations of the report of the Secretary-General of 13 April 1998
(S/1998/316);

     6.   Expresses again its intention to consider positively the request for
the remaining additional military and police assets for MINURSO as proposed in
annex II of the report of the Secretary-General of 13 November 1997, as soon as
the Secretary-General reports that the identification process has reached a
stage which makes the deployment of these assets essential;

     7.   Calls for a prompt conclusion of status-of-forces agreements with the
Secretary-General which would greatly facilitate the full and timely deployment
of MINURSO-formed military units, in particular the deployment of the military
engineering support and demining units, and in this context notes progress that
has been made, and recalls that pending the conclusion of such agreements, the
model status-of-forces agreement dated 9 October 1990 (A/45/594), as provided
for in General Assembly resolution 52/12 B, should apply provisionally;

     8.   Calls for the lifting of any restrictions imposed on MINURSO aircraft,
or on passengers whose travel MINURSO determines to be of assistance to the
fulfilment of the mandate, in line with the practice of United Nations
peacekeeping operations, and notes that discussions are being held to this end;

     9.   Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council every 30 days
from the date of extension of the mandate of MINURSO on the progress of the
implementation of the Settlement Plan and the agreements reached between the
parties, and to keep the Council regularly informed of all significant
developments in the interim period, and, as appropriate, on the continuing
viability of the mandate of MINURSO;

     10.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

                                      -----

Security Council resolution 1185 (1998) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) ]
[Extension of the mandate of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)]

UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|PLEBISCITES|VOTER REGISTRATION|MINE CLEARANCE|WESTERN SAHARA|WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION|MILITARY PERSONNEL

S/53 [44] WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION
S/53 [45] UN MISSION FOR THE REFERENDUM IN WESTERN SAHARA


UNITED
NATIONS                                                                      S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/1186 (1998)
                                                               21 July 1998

                               RESOLUTION 1186 (1998)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3911th meeting,
                                   on 21 July 1998

     The Security Council,

     Recalling all its relevant resolutions concerning the conflicts in the
former Yugoslavia, in particular its resolutions 795 (1992) of 11 December 1992,
in which it addressed possible developments which could undermine confidence and
stability in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia or threaten its
territory, and 1142 (1997) of 4 December 1997,

     Recalling also its resolutions 1101 (1997) of 28 March 1997 and 1114 (1997)
of 19 June 1997, in which it expressed its concern over the situation in
Albania, and its resolution 1160 (1998) of 31 March 1998, in which it decided
that all States shall prevent the sale or supply to the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia, including Kosovo, of arms and related matériel of all types and
shall prevent arming and training for terrorist activities there,

     Reiterating its appreciation for the important role played by the United
Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP) in contributing to the
maintenance of peace and stability and paying tribute to its personnel in the
performance of their mandate,

     Commending the role of UNPREDEP in monitoring the border areas and
reporting to the Secretary-General on any developments which could pose a threat
to the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and by its presence deterring
threats and preventing clashes, including monitoring and reporting on illicit
arms flows within its area of responsibility,

     Reiterating its call on the Governments of the former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to implement in full their
agreement of 8 April 1996 (S/1996/291, annex), in particular regarding the
demarcation of their mutual border,

     Taking note of the letters of 15 May 1998 (S/1998/401) and 9 July 1998
(S/1998/627) from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia to the Secretary-General, requesting the extension of the

98-21296 (E)                                                                 /...

S/RES/1186 (1998)
Page 2

mandate of UNPREDEP and endorsing the option of an increase in its troop
strength,

     Having considered the reports of the Secretary-General of 1 June 1998
(S/1998/454) and 14 July 1998 (S/1998/644) and the recommendations contained
therein,

     Reaffirming its commitment to the independence, sovereignty and territorial
integrity of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,

     1.   Decides to authorize an increase in the troop strength of UNPREDEP up
to 1,050 and to extend the current mandate of UNPREDEP for a period of six
months until 28 February 1999, including to continue by its presence to deter
threats and prevent clashes, to monitor the border areas, and to report to the
Secretary-General any developments which could pose a threat to the former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, including the tasks of monitoring and reporting
on illicit arms flows and other activities that are prohibited under resolution
1160 (1998);

     2.   Expresses its intention to consider further the recommendations of the
Secretary-General in his report of 14 July 1998;

     3.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

                                     -----

Security Council resolution 1186 (1998) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Preventive Deployment Force]
[Extension of the mandate of the UN Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP)]

UN Preventive Deployment Force|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|BOUNDARIES|NORTH MACEDONIA|MILITARY PERSONNEL|ILLICIT ARMS TRAFFICKING

S/53 [72] UN PREVENTIVE DEPLOYMENT FORCE
S/53 [71] THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA SITUATION
S/53 [60] FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SITUATION


UNITED
NATIONS                                                                      S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/1187 (1998)
                                                               30 July 1998

                               RESOLUTION 1187 (1998)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3912th meeting,
                                   on 30 July 1998

     The Security Council,

     Reaffirming all its relevant resolutions, in particular resolution
1150 (1998) of 30 January 1998, recalling the statement of its President of
28 May 1998 (S/PRST/1998/16) and recalling also the letter of its President to
the Secretary-General of 10 July 1998 (S/1998/633),

     Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 14 July 1998
(S/1998/647 and Add.1),

     Deeply concerned at the continuing tense and confrontational situation in
the Zugdidi and Gali regions and at the risk of resumed fighting,

     Deeply concerned also at the unwillingness on the part of both sides to
renounce violence and seriously consider peaceful options for the resolution of
the conflict,

     Supporting the vigorous efforts made by the Secretary-General and his
Special Representative with the assistance of the Russian Federation in its
capacity as facilitator as well as of the group of Friends of the Secretary-General and of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) to
prevent the resumption of hostilities and to give a new impetus to the
negotiations within the United Nations-led peace process, and welcoming in this
context the adoption by the parties of a Concluding Statement of the meeting
held in Geneva on 23-25 July 1998 and the accompanying statement of the group of
Friends of the Secretary-General (S/1998/647/Add.1),

     Reaffirming the necessity for the parties strictly to respect human rights,
expressing its support for the efforts of the Secretary-General to find ways to
improve their observance as an integral part of the work towards a comprehensive
political settlement, and noting developments in the work of the United Nations
Human Rights Office in Abkhazia, Georgia,

98-22313 (E)                                                                 /...

S/RES/1187 (1998)
Page 2

     Welcoming the role of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
(UNOMIG) and of the Collective Peacekeeping Forces of the Commonwealth of
Independent States (CIS peacekeeping force) as stabilizing factors in the zone
of conflict, noting that the cooperation between UNOMIG and the CIS peacekeeping
force is good, and stressing the importance of continued close cooperation and
coordination between them in the performance of their respective mandates,

     1.   Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 14 July 1998;

     2.   Reiterates its grave concern at the resumption of hostilities which
took place in May 1998 and calls upon the parties to observe strictly the Moscow
Agreement of 14 May 1994 on a Ceasefire and Separation of Forces (S/1994/583,
annex I) (the Moscow Agreement) and also the ceasefire protocol signed on
25 May 1998, as well as all their obligations to refrain from the use of force
and to resolve disputed issues by peaceful means only;

     3.   Expresses its deep concern at the significant outflow of refugees
resulting from the recent hostilities, reaffirms the right of all refugees and
displaced persons to return to their homes in secure conditions in accordance
with international law and as set out in the Quadripartite Agreement of
4 April 1994 on the voluntary return of refugees and displaced persons
(S/1994/397, annex II), calls upon both sides to fulfil their obligations in
this regard, and demands in particular that the Abkhaz side allow the
unconditional and immediate return of all persons displaced since the resumption
of hostilities in May 1998;

     4.   Condemns the deliberate destruction of houses by Abkhaz forces, with
the apparent motive of expelling people from their home areas;

     5.   Recalls the conclusions of the Lisbon summit of the OSCE (S/1997/57,
annex) regarding the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia, and reaffirms the
unacceptability of the demographic changes resulting from the conflict;

     6.   Expresses its deep concern at the extremely difficult humanitarian
situation of the displaced persons from the Gali region as well as of those who
remained in that area, and at the serious negative impact recent developments
have had on international humanitarian efforts in the Gali region;

     7.   Reiterates that the primary responsibility for achieving peace rests
upon the parties themselves and reminds them that the continued commitment of
the international community to assist them depends on their progress in this
regard;

     8.   Calls upon the parties to display without delay the necessary
political will to achieve substantial results on the key issues of the
negotiations, with full respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of
Georgia, within the framework of the United Nations-led peace process and
through direct dialogue, and to cooperate fully with the efforts made by the
Secretary-General and his Special Representative, with the assistance of the
Russian Federation as facilitator, as well as of the group of Friends of the
Secretary-General and of the OSCE;

                                                                            /...

                                                               S/RES/1187 (1998)
                                                               Page 3

     9.   Welcomes the meeting of the parties held in Geneva on 23-25 July 1998
and calls upon them to continue and increase their active engagement in this
process initiated by the Secretary-General aimed at achieving a comprehensive
political settlement;

     10. Reminds the parties of their commitments to take all measures in their
power and to coordinate their efforts to ensure the security and safety of
international personnel and calls upon them to implement fully and without delay
those commitments, including the creation of a joint mechanism for investigation
and prevention of acts that represent violations of the Moscow Agreement and
terrorist acts in the zone of conflict;

     11. Condemns the acts of violence against the personnel of UNOMIG, the
renewed laying of mines in the Gali region and also the attacks by armed groups,
operating in the Gali region from the Georgian side of the Inguri River, against
the CIS peacekeeping force and demands that the parties, in particular the
Georgian authorities, take determined measures to put a stop to such acts which
subvert the peace process;

     12. Reiterates its deep concern regarding the security of UNOMIG, welcomes
the measures already taken to improve security conditions to minimize the danger
to UNOMIG personnel and to create conditions for the implementation of its
mandated tasks, underlines the need to continue to make further arrangements in
this field, welcomes also the Secretary-General’s instruction that the security
of UNOMIG be kept under constant review and calls upon the two parties to
facilitate the implementation of practical measures resulting from that review;

     13. Expresses its concern at the mass media campaign launched in Abkhazia,
Georgia, and the acts of harassment against UNOMIG, and calls upon the Abkhaz
side to cease those acts;

     14. Decides to extend the mandate of UNOMIG for a new period terminating
on 31 January 1999 subject to a review by the Council of the mandate of UNOMIG
in the event of any changes that may be made in the mandate or in the presence
of the CIS peacekeeping force;

     15. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to keep the Council
regularly informed, to report three months after the date of the adoption of
this resolution on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia, including on the
operations of UNOMIG, and expresses its intention to conduct a review of the
Mission in the light of the report of the Secretary-General, taking into account
in particular the progress made by the two parties in creating secure conditions
in which UNOMIG can fulfil its existing mandate and establishing a political
settlement;

     16.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

                                      -----

Security Council resolution 1187 (1998) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Observer Mission in Georgia]
[Extension of the mandate of the UN Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)]

UN Observer Mission in Georgia|POLITICAL STATUS|ABKHAZIA (GEORGIA)|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|DISPLACED PERSONS|GEORGIA|GEORGIA SITUATION|NEGOTIATION|STAFF SECURITY

S/53 [87] GEORGIA SITUATION
S/53 [88] UN OBSERVER MISSION IN GEORGIA


UNITED
NATIONS                                                                        S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/1188 (1998)
                                                               30 July 1998

                               RESOLUTION 1188 (1998)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3913th meeting,
                                   on 30 July 1998

     The Security Council,

     Recalling its resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978) of 19 March 1978,
501 (1982) of 25 February 1982, 508 (1982) of 5 June 1982, 509 (1982) of
6 June 1982 and 520 (1982) of 17 September 1982, as well as all its resolutions
on the situation in Lebanon,

     Having studied the report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations
Interim Force in Lebanon of 16 July 1998 (S/1998/652) and taking note of the
observations expressed and the commitments mentioned therein,

     Taking note of the letter dated 26 June 1998 from the Permanent
Representative of Lebanon to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General (S/1998/584),

     Responding to the request of the Government of Lebanon,

     1.   Decides to extend the present mandate of the United Nations Interim
Force in Lebanon for a further period of six months, that is until
31 January 1999;

     2.   Reiterates its strong support for the territorial integrity,
sovereignty and political independence of Lebanon within its internationally
recognized boundaries;

     3.   Re-emphasizes the terms of reference and general guidelines of the
Force as stated in the report of the Secretary-General of 19 March 1978
(S/12611), approved by resolution 426 (1978), and calls upon all parties
concerned to cooperate fully with the Force for the full implementation of its
mandate;

     4.   Condemns all acts of violence committed in particular against the
Force, and urges the parties to put an end to them;

98-22295 (E)                                                                   /...

S/RES/1188 (1998)
Page 2

     5.   Reiterates that the Force should fully implement its mandate as
defined in resolutions 425 (1978), 426 (1978) and all other relevant
resolutions;

     6.   Encourages further efficiency and savings provided they do not affect
the operational capacity of the Force;

     7.   Requests the Secretary-General to continue consultations with the
Government of Lebanon and other parties directly concerned with the
implementation of the present resolution and to report to the Security Council
thereon.

                                     -----

Security Council resolution 1188 (1998) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Interim Force in Lebanon]
[Extension of the mandate of the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)]

UN Interim Force in Lebanon|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|ARMED INCIDENTS|LEBANON|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION|STAFF SECURITY

S/53 [57] UN INTERIM FORCE IN LEBANON
S/53 [56] ISRAEL--LEBANON
S/53 [54] MIDDLE EAST SITUATION


UNITED
NATIONS                                                                      S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/1189 (1998)
                                                               13 August 1998

                               RESOLUTION 1189 (1998)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3915th meeting,
                                  on 13 August 1998

     The Security Council,

     Deeply disturbed by the indiscriminate and outrageous acts of international
terrorism that took place on 7 August 1998 in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar-es-Salaam,
Tanzania,

     Condemning such acts which have a damaging effect on international
relations and jeopardize the security of States,

     Convinced that the suppression of acts of international terrorism is
essential for the maintenance of international peace and security, and
reaffirming the determination of the international community to eliminate
international terrorism in all its forms and manifestations,

     Also reaffirming the obligations of Member States under the Charter of the
United Nations,

     Stressing that every Member State has the duty to refrain from organizing,
instigating, assisting or participating in terrorist acts in another State or
acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the
commission of such acts,

     Mindful of General Assembly resolution 52/164 of 15 December 1997 on the
International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings,

     Recalling that, in the statement issued on 31 January 1992 (S/23500) on the
occasion of the meeting of the Security Council at the level of Heads of State
and Government, the Council expressed its deep concern over acts of
international terrorism, and emphasized the need for the international community
to deal effectively with all such criminal acts,

98-23777 (E)                                                                 /...

S/RES/1189 (1998)
Page 2

     Also stressing the need to strengthen international cooperation between
States in order to adopt practical and effective measures to prevent, combat and
eliminate all forms of terrorism affecting the international community as a
whole,

     Commending the responses of the Governments of Kenya, Tanzania and the
United States of America to the terrorist bomb attacks in Kenya and Tanzania,

     Determined to eliminate international terrorism,

     1.   Strongly condemns the terrorist bomb attacks in Nairobi, Kenya and
Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania on 7 August 1998 which claimed hundreds of innocent
lives, injured thousands of people and caused massive destruction to property;

     2.   Expresses its deep sorrow, sympathy and condolences to the families of
the innocent victims of the terrorist bomb attacks during this difficult time;

     3.   Calls upon all States and international institutions to cooperate with
and provide support and assistance to the ongoing investigations in Kenya,
Tanzania and the United States to apprehend the perpetrators of these cowardly
criminal acts and to bring them swiftly to justice;

     4.   Expresses its sincere gratitude to all States, international
institutions and voluntary organizations for their encouragement and timely
response to the requests for assistance from the Governments of Kenya and
Tanzania, and urges them to assist the affected countries, especially in the
reconstruction of infrastructure and disaster preparedness;

     5.   Calls upon all States to adopt, in accordance with international law
and as a matter of priority, effective and practical measures for security
cooperation, for the prevention of such acts of terrorism, and for the
prosecution and punishment of their perpetrators;

     6.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

                                     -----

Security Council resolution 1189 (1998) [concerning the terrorist bomb attacks of 7 Aug. 1998 in Kenya and Tanzania]
[Terrorist bomb attacks in Kenya and Tanzania, 7 Aug. 1998]

Kenya|Tanzania, United Republic of|United States

BOMBINGS|NAIROBI (KENYA)|KENYA|DAR ES SALAAM (UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA)|UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA|TERRORISM|DISASTER PREPAREDNESS|RECONSTRUCTION|PROSECUTION


UNITED
NATIONS                                                                        S
               Security Council
                                                              Distr.
                                                              GENERAL

                                                              S/RES/1190 (1998)
                                                              13 August 1998

                             RESOLUTION 1190 (1998)

           Adopted by the Security Council at its 3916th meeting, on
                                 13 August 1998

     The Security Council,

     Reaffirming its resolution 696 (1991) of 30 May 1991 and all subsequent
relevant resolutions, including resolutions 864 (1993) of 15 September 1993,
1127 (1997) of 28 August 1997 and 1173 (1998) of 12 June 1998,

     Reaffirming also its firm commitment to preserve the unity, sovereignty and
territorial integrity of Angola,

     Strongly deploring the deteriorating political and security situation in
Angola, which is primarily the result of the failure by the União Nacional para
a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA) to complete its obligations under the
"Acordos de Paz" (S/22609, annex), the Lusaka Protocol (S/1994/1441, annex) and
relevant Security Council resolutions,

     Taking note of recent positive steps to restore confidence in the peace
process,

     Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 6 August 1998
(S/1998/723),

     1.   Welcomes the decision by the Secretary-General to dispatch a Special
Envoy to assess the situation in Angola and advise on a possible course of
action, and requests the Secretary-General to submit, no later than
31 August 1998, a report with recommendations regarding the future role of the
United Nations in Angola;

     2.   Expresses its intention to review the recommendations referred to in
paragraph 1 above and to consider appropriate actions;

     3.   Decides to extend the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission
in Angola (MONUA) until 15 September 1998, and takes note of the considerations
specified in paragraph 38 of the report of the Secretary-General of
6 August 1998 regarding the deployment of MONUA throughout the country;

98-23789 (E)                                                                   /...

S/RES/1190 (1998)
Page 2

     4.   Calls on the Government of Unity and National Reconciliation (GURN)
and in particular UNITA in the strongest terms to refrain from any steps which
could further exacerbate the present situation;

     5.   Demands that UNITA comply immediately and without conditions with its
obligations under the Lusaka Protocol and with relevant Security Council
resolutions, in particular the complete demilitarization of its forces and full
cooperation in the immediate and unconditional extension of State administration
throughout the national territory, in order to prevent a further deterioration
of the political and security situation;

     6.   Demands also that UNITA cease its reoccupation of localities where
State administration was established and stop attacks by its members on
civilians, GURN authorities, including police, and United Nations and
international personnel;

     7.   Calls on the GURN and UNITA to cease hostile propaganda, refrain from
laying new mines, stop forced conscriptions and renew efforts towards national
reconciliation, including by implementing confidence-building measures, such as
the reactivation of the joint mechanisms in the provinces and the disengagement
of military forces on the ground;

     8.   Calls on the GURN to ensure that the Angolan National Police refrain
from practices inconsistent with the Lusaka Protocol and to respect the legal
activities of UNITA as a political party in accordance with the Lusaka Protocol;

     9.   Demands that the GURN and in particular UNITA cooperate fully with
MONUA in providing full access for its verification activities and guarantee
unconditionally the safety and freedom of movement of all United Nations and
international personnel, including those providing humanitarian assistance;

     10. Expresses its firm belief that a meeting in Angola between the
President of the Republic of Angola and the leader of UNITA could provide
momentum to the peace process;

     11. Calls on Member States to implement fully the relevant provisions of
resolutions 1173 (1998), 1127 (1997) and 864 (1993);

     12. Welcomes the appointment of a new Special Representative to Angola,
and urges the GURN and UNITA to cooperate fully with him in promoting peace and
national reconciliation;

     13. Encourages the Secretary-General to continue his personal engagement
in the peace process;

     14.   Expresses its appreciation to the personnel of MONUA;

     15.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

                                      -----

Security Council resolution 1190 (1998) [on the dispatch of a Special Envoy to Angola and extension of the mandate of the UN Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) until 15 Sept. 1998]
[Dispatch of a Special Envoy to Angola and extension of the mandate of the UN Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA)]

União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola|UN Observer Mission in Angola|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|MILITARY DEMOBILIZATION|LANDMINES|POLICE|CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES|ANGOLA|ANGOLA SITUATION|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT

S/53 [80] ANGOLA SITUATION
S/53 [82] UN OBSERVER MISSION IN ANGOLA


UNITED
NATIONS                                                                        S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/1191 (1998)
                                                               27 August 1998

                               RESOLUTION 1191 (1998)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3919th meeting,
                                  on 27 August 1998

     The Security Council,

     Recalling its resolutions 808 (1993) of 22 February 1993, 827 (1993) of
25 May 1993 and 1166 (1998) of 13 May 1998,

     Having decided to consider the nominations for Judges of the International
Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia received by the Secretary-General by
4 August 1998,

     Forwards the following nominations to the General Assembly in accordance
with article 13 (d) of the Statute of the International Tribunal:

     Mr. Mohamed Bennouna (Morocco)
     Mr. David Hunt (Australia)
     Mr. Per-Johan Lindholm (Finland)
     Mr. Hugo Anibal Llanos Mansilla (Chile)
     Mr. Patrick Robinson (Jamaica)
     Mr. Jan Skupinski (Poland)
     Mr. S. W. B. Vadugodapitiya (Sri Lanka)
     Mr. Luis Valencia-Rodríguez (Ecuador)
     Mr. Peter H. Wilkitzki (Germany)

                                       -----

98-25122 (E)

Security Council resolution 1191 (1998) [on nominations for judges of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia]
[Nominations for judges of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia]

Australia and New Zealand|Eastern Europe|Latin America and the Caribbean|Northern Africa|Northern Europe|Southern Asia|Western Europe

International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 > Members|INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURTS|FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SITUATION|JUDGES|MEMBERS

S/53 [76] INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL--FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
S/53 [60] FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SITUATION


UNITED
NATIONS                                                                       S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/1192 (1998)
                                                               27 August 1998

                               RESOLUTION 1192 (1998)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3920th meeting,
                                  on 27 August 1998

     The Security Council,

     Recalling its resolutions 731 (1992) of 21 January 1992, 748 (1992) of
31 March 1992 and 883 (1993) of 11 November 1993,

     Noting the report of the independent experts appointed by the Secretary-General (S/1997/991),

     Having regard to the contents of the letter dated 24 August 1998 from the
Acting Permanent Representatives of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland and of the United States of America to the Secretary-General
(S/1998/795),

     Noting also, in light of the above resolutions, the communications of the
Organization of African Unity, the League of Arab States, the Non-Aligned
Movement and the Islamic Conference (S/1994/373, S/1995/834, S/1997/35,
S/1997/273, S/1997/406, S/1997/497, S/1997/529) as referred to in the letter of
24 August 1998,

     Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

     1.   Demands once again that the Libyan Government immediately comply with
the above-mentioned resolutions;

     2.   Welcomes the initiative for the trial of the two persons charged with
the bombing of Pan Am flight 103 ("the two accused") before a Scottish court
sitting in the Netherlands, as contained in the letter dated 24 August 1998 from
the Acting Permanent Representatives of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland and of the United States of America ("the initiative") and its
attachments, and the willingness of the Government of the Netherlands to
cooperate in the implementation of the initiative;

     3.   Calls upon the Government of the Netherlands and the Government of the
United Kingdom to take such steps as are necessary to implement the initiative,

98-25164 (E)                                                                  /...

S/RES/1192 (1998)
Page 2

including the conclusion of arrangements with a view to enabling the court
described in paragraph 2 to exercise jurisdiction in the terms of the intended
Agreement between the two Governments, attached to the said letter of
24 August 1998;

     4.   Decides that all States shall cooperate to this end, and in particular
that the Libyan Government shall ensure the appearance in the Netherlands of the
two accused for the purpose of trial by the court described in paragraph 2, and
that the Libyan Government shall ensure that any evidence or witnesses in Libya
are, upon the request of the court, promptly made available at the court in the
Netherlands for the purpose of the trial;

     5.   Requests the Secretary-General, after consultation with the Government
of the Netherlands, to assist the Libyan Government with the physical
arrangements for the safe transfer of the two accused from Libya direct to the
Netherlands;

     6.   Invites the Secretary-General to nominate international observers to
attend the trial;

     7.   Decides further that, on the arrival of the two accused in the
Netherlands, the Government of the Netherlands shall detain the two accused
pending their transfer for the purpose of trial before the court described in
paragraph 2;

     8.   Reaffirms that the measures set forth in its resolutions 748 (1992)
and 883 (1993) remain in effect and binding on all Member States, and in this
context reaffirms the provisions of paragraph 16 of resolution 883 (1993), and
decides that the aforementioned measures shall be suspended immediately if the
Secretary-General reports to the Council that the two accused have arrived in
the Netherlands for the purpose of trial before the court described in
paragraph 2 or have appeared for trial before an appropriate court in the United
Kingdom or the United States, and that the Libyan Government has satisfied the
French judicial authorities with regard to the bombing of UTA 772;

     9.   Expresses its intention to consider additional measures if the two
accused have not arrived or appeared for trial promptly in accordance with
paragraph 8;

     10.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

                                      -----

Security Council resolution 1192 (1998) [on arrangements for the trial of the 2 Libyans charged with the bombing of Pan Am flight 103]
[The initiative for the trial of the 2 Libyans accused of the bombing of Pan Am flight 103]

Northern Africa|Northern America|Northern Europe|Western Europe

Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|SANCTIONS|LIBYA|TRIALS|ATTACKS ON AIRCRAFT


UNITED
NATIONS                                                                       S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/1193 (1998)
                                                               28 August 1998

                               RESOLUTION 1193 (1998)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3921st meeting,
                                  on 28 August 1998

     The Security Council,

     Having considered the situation in Afghanistan,

     Recalling its previous resolution 1076 (1996) of 22 October 1996 and the
statements of the President of the Security Council on the situation in
Afghanistan,

     Recalling also resolution 52/211 of the General Assembly,

     Expressing its grave concern at the continued Afghan conflict which has
recently sharply escalated due to the Taliban forces’ offensive in the northern
parts of the country, causing a serious and growing threat to regional and
international peace and security, as well as extensive human suffering, further
destruction, refugee flows and other forcible displacement of large numbers of
people,

     Concerned also by the increasingly ethnic nature of the conflict, by
reports of ethnic and religious-based persecution, particularly against the
Shiites, and by the threat this poses to the unity of the Afghan State,

     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence,
territorial integrity and national unity of Afghanistan, and its respect for its
cultural and historical heritage,

     Deploring the fact that despite repeated pleas by the Security Council, the
General Assembly and the Secretary-General to halt foreign interference in
Afghanistan, including the involvement of foreign military personnel and the
supply of arms and ammunition to all parties in the conflict, such interference
continues unabated,

     Reiterating its view that the United Nations must continue to play its
central and impartial role in international efforts towards a peaceful
resolution of the Afghan conflict,

98-25238 (E)                                                                  /...

S/RES/1193 (1998)
Page 2

     Deeply concerned at the serious humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan, and
deploring in this regard the measures taken by the Taliban which resulted in the
evacuation of the United Nations humanitarian personnel from Afghanistan and
expressing hope for their early return under conditions of security,

     Expressing its grave concern at the capture by the Taliban of the
Consulate-General of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Mazar-e-Sharif and at the
fate of the personnel of the Consulate-General and of other Iranian nationals
missing in Afghanistan,

     Deeply disturbed by the deteriorating security conditions for United
Nations and other international and humanitarian personnel,

     Deeply concerned also at the continuing presence of terrorists in the
territory of Afghanistan and at the production and trafficking of drugs,

     Remaining deeply concerned at the continuing discrimination against girls
and women and at other violations of human rights and of international
humanitarian law in Afghanistan,

     1.   Reiterates that the Afghan crisis can be settled only by peaceful
means, through direct negotiations between the Afghan factions under United
Nations auspices, aimed at achieving a solution accommodating the rights and
interests of all Afghans and stresses that territorial gains through military
operations will neither lead to a durable peace in Afghanistan, nor contribute
to a comprehensive settlement of the conflict in this multi-cultural and
multi-ethnic country;

     2.   Demands that all Afghan factions stop fighting, resume negotiations
without delay and preconditions, and cooperate with the aim of creating a broadbased and fully representative government, which would protect the rights of all
Afghans and would observe the international obligations of Afghanistan;

     3.   Reiterates once again that any outside interference in the internal
affairs of Afghanistan should cease immediately and calls upon all States to
take resolute measures to prohibit their military personnel from planning and
participating in military operations in Afghanistan and immediately to end the
supply of arms and ammunition to all parties to the conflict;

     4.   Calls upon all States neighbouring Afghanistan and other States with
influence in the country to intensify their efforts under the aegis of the
United Nations to bring the parties to a negotiated settlement;

     5.   Reaffirms its full support for the efforts of the United Nations, in
particular the activities of the United Nations Special Mission to Afghanistan
and those of the Special Envoy of the United Nations Secretary-General for
Afghanistan in facilitating the political process towards the goals of national
reconciliation and a lasting political settlement with the participation of all
parties to the conflict and all segments of Afghan society;

     6.   Condemns the attacks on the United Nations personnel in the Talibanheld territories of Afghanistan, including the killing of the two Afghan staffmembers of the World Food Programme and of the United Nations High Commissioner

                                                                             /...

                                                               S/RES/1193 (1998)
                                                               Page 3

for Refugees in Jalalabad, and of the Military Adviser to the United Nations
Special Mission to Afghanistan in Kabul, and calls upon the Taliban to
investigate urgently these heinous crimes, and to keep the United Nations
informed about the results of the investigation;

     7.   Demands that all Afghan factions and, in particular the Taliban, do
everything possible to assure the safety and freedom of movement of the
personnel of the United Nations and other international and humanitarian
personnel;

     8.   Condemns also the capture of the Consulate-General of the Islamic
Republic of Iran in Mazar-e-Sharif, and demands that all parties and, in
particular the Taliban, do everything possible to ensure safe and dignified
passage out of Afghanistan of the personnel of the Consulate-General and other
Iranian nationals missing in Afghanistan;

     9.   Urges all Afghan factions and, in particular the Taliban, to
facilitate the work of the international humanitarian organizations and to
ensure unimpeded access and adequate conditions for the delivery of aid by such
organizations to all in need of it;

     10. Appeals to all States, organizations and programmes of the United
Nations system, specialized agencies and other international organizations to
resume the provision of humanitarian assistance to all in need of it in
Afghanistan as soon as the situation on the ground permits;

     11. Expresses its readiness to call, on a priority basis, for all possible
financial, technical and material assistance for the reconstruction of
Afghanistan once the conditions are established by the achievement of the
lasting peaceful solution of the Afghan conflict, and for the voluntary, safe
and secure return of refugees and internally displaced persons;

     12. Reaffirms that all parties to the conflict are bound to comply with
their obligations under international humanitarian law and in particular the
Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and that persons who commit or order the
commission of grave breaches of the Conventions are individually responsible in
respect of such breaches;

     13. Requests the Secretary-General to continue investigations into alleged
mass killings of prisoners of war and civilians as well as ethnically-based
forced displacement of large groups of the population and other forms of mass
persecution in Afghanistan, and to submit the reports to the General Assembly
and the Security Council as soon as they become available;

     14. Urges the Afghan factions to put an end to the discrimination against
girls and women and to other violations of human rights as well as violations of
international humanitarian law and to adhere to the internationally accepted
norms and standards in this sphere;

     15. Demands the Afghan factions to refrain from harbouring and training
terrorists and their organizations and to halt illegal drug activities;

                                                                               /...

S/RES/1193 (1998)
Page 4

     16. Reminds all parties of the obligation to abide strictly by the
decisions of the Security Council and expresses its firm intention, in
accordance with its responsibility under the Charter, to consider such further
steps as may be required for the implementation of this resolution;

     17. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to keep it regularly
informed of the situation in Afghanistan;

     18.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

                                      -----

Security Council resolution 1193 (1998) [on the situation in Afghanistan]
[The Afghan conflict]

Taliban (Afghanistan)|UN. Special Envoy of the Secretary-General to Afghanistan|UN Special Mission to Afghanistan|ARMED INCIDENTS|ARMS TRANSFERS|SPECIAL MISSIONS|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|DISPLACED PERSONS|WOMEN'S RIGHTS|AFGHANISTAN|AFGHAN REFUGEES|AFGHANISTAN SITUATION|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT|STAFF SECURITY|DIPLOMATS' SECURITY|HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS


UNITED
NATIONS                                                                      S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/1194 (1998)
                                                               9 September 1998

                               RESOLUTION 1194 (1998)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3924th meeting,
                                 on 9 September 1998

     The Security Council,

     Recalling all its previous relevant resolutions, and in particular its
resolutions 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991, 707 (1991) of 15 August 1991, 715 (1991)
of 11 October 1991, 1060 (1996) of 12 June 1996, 1115 (1997) of 21 June 1997 and
1154 (1998) of 2 March 1998,

     Noting the announcement by Iraq on 5 August 1998 that it had decided to
suspend cooperation with the United Nations Special Commission and the
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on all disarmament activities and
restrict ongoing monitoring and verification activities at declared sites, and/
or actions implementing the above decision,

     Stressing that the necessary conditions do not exist for the modification
of the measures referred to in section F of resolution 687 (1991),

     Recalling the letter from the Executive Chairman of the Special Commission
to the President of the Security Council of 12 August 1998 (S/1998/767), which
reported to the Council that Iraq had halted all disarmament activities of the
Special Commission and placed limitations on the rights of the Commission to
conduct its monitoring operations,

     Recalling also the letter from the Director General of the IAEA to the
President of the Security Council of 11 August 1998 (S/1998/766) which reported
the refusal by Iraq to cooperate in any activity involving investigation of its
clandestine nuclear programme and other restrictions of access placed by Iraq on
the ongoing monitoring and verification programme of the IAEA,

     Noting the letters of 18 August 1998 from the President of the Security
Council to the Executive Chairman of the Special Commission and the Director
General of the IAEA (S/1998/769, S/1998/768), which expressed the full support
of the Security Council for those organizations in the implementation of the
full range of their mandated activities, including inspections,

98-26365 (E)                                                                 /...

S/RES/1194 (1998)
Page 2

     Recalling the Memorandum of Understanding signed by the Deputy Prime
Minister of Iraq and the Secretary-General on 23 February 1998 (S/1998/166), in
which Iraq reiterated its undertaking to cooperate fully with the Special
Commission and the IAEA,

     Noting that the announcement by Iraq of 5 August 1998 followed a period of
increased cooperation and some tangible progress achieved since the signing of
the Memorandum of Understanding,

     Reiterating its intention to respond favourably to future progress made in
the disarmament process and reaffirming its commitment to comprehensive
implementation of its resolutions, in particular resolution 687 (1991),

     Determined to ensure full compliance by Iraq with its obligations under all
previous resolutions, in particular resolutions 687 (1991), 707 (1991),
715 (1991), 1060 (1996), 1115 (1997) and 1154 (1998), to permit immediate,
unconditional and unrestricted access to the Special Commission and the IAEA to
all sites which they wish to inspect, and to provide the Special Commission and
the IAEA with all the cooperation necessary for them to fulfil their mandates
under those resolutions,

     Stressing the unacceptability of any attempts by Iraq to deny access to any
sites or to refuse to provide the necessary cooperation,

     Expressing its readiness to consider, in a comprehensive review, Iraq’s
compliance with its obligations under all relevant resolutions once Iraq has
rescinded its above-mentioned decision and demonstrated that it is prepared to
fulfil all its obligations, including, in particular on disarmament issues, by
resuming full cooperation with the Special Commission and the IAEA consistent
with the Memorandum of Understanding, as endorsed by the Council in resolution
1154 (1998), and to that end welcoming the proposal of the Secretary-General for
such a comprehensive review and inviting the Secretary-General to provide his
views in that regard,

     Reiterating the commitment of all Member States to the sovereignty,
territorial integrity and political independence of Kuwait and Iraq,

     Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

     1.   Condemns the decision by Iraq of 5 August 1998 to suspend cooperation
with the Special Commission and the IAEA, which constitutes a totally
unacceptable contravention of its obligations under resolutions 687 (1991),
707 (1991), 715 (1991), 1060 (1996), 1115 (1997) and 1154 (1998), and the
Memorandum of Understanding signed by the Deputy Prime Minister of Iraq and the
Secretary-General on 23 February 1998;

     2.   Demands that Iraq rescind its above-mentioned decision and cooperate
fully with the Special Commission and the IAEA in accordance with its
obligations under the relevant resolutions and the Memorandum of Understanding
as well as resume dialogue with the Special Commission and the IAEA immediately;

     3.   Decides not to conduct the review scheduled for October 1998 provided
for in paragraphs 21 and 28 of resolution 687 (1991), and not to conduct any

                                                                            /...

                                                               S/RES/1194 (1998)
                                                               Page 3

further such reviews until Iraq rescinds its above-mentioned decision of
5 August 1998 and the Special Commission and the IAEA report to the Council that
they are satisfied that they have been able to exercise the full range of
activities provided for in their mandates, including inspections;

     4.   Reaffirms its full support for the Special Commission and the IAEA in
their efforts to ensure the implementation of their mandates under the relevant
resolutions of the Council;

     5.   Reaffirms its full support for the Secretary-General in his efforts to
urge Iraq to rescind its above-mentioned decision;

     6.   Reaffirms its intention to act in accordance with the relevant
provisions of resolution 687 (1991) on the duration of the prohibitions referred
to in that resolution and notes that by its failure so far to comply with its
relevant obligations Iraq has delayed the moment when the Council can do so;

     7.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

                                     -----

Security Council resolution 1194 (1998) [on Iraq's decision to suspend cooperation with the Special Commission and the IAEA]
[Iraq's decision to suspend cooperation with the UN Special Commission and IAEA]

UN Special Commission|IAEA|Memorandum of Understanding between the United Nations and the Republic of Iraq (1998)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|ON-SITE INSPECTION|SANCTIONS|IRAQ


UNITED
NATIONS                                                                        S
                 Security Council
                                                                Distr.
                                                                GENERAL

                                                                S/RES/1195 (1998)
                                                                15 September 1998

                               RESOLUTION 1195 (1998)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3925th meeting,
                                on 15 September 1998

     The Security Council,

     Reaffirming its resolution 696 (1991) of 30 May 1991 and all subsequent
relevant resolutions,

     Reaffirming also its firm commitment to preserve the unity, sovereignty and
territorial integrity of Angola,

     Taking note of the letter of the President of the Republic of Angola to the
Secretary-General of 10 September 1998 (S/1998/847),

     Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 7 September 1998
(S/1998/838),

     1.   Emphasizes that the primary cause of the crisis in Angola and of the
current impasse in the peace process is the failure by the leadership of the
União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA) to comply with its
obligations under the "Acordos de Paz", (S/22609, annex), the Lusaka Protocol
(S/1994/1441, annex) and relevant Security Council resolutions, and demands that
UNITA comply immediately and without conditions with its obligations, in
particular the complete demilitarization of its forces and full cooperation in
the immediate and unconditional extension of State administration throughout the
national territory;

     2.   Demands that UNITA withdraw immediately from territories which it has
occupied through military action;

     3.   Reiterates its full support for the implementation of the Lusaka
Protocol;

     4.   Demands that UNITA transform itself into a genuine political party
through the dismantling of its military structure and in the context of the full
implementation of the Lusaka Protocol strongly urges the Angolan authorities to

98-26929 (E)                                                                   /...

S/RES/1195 (1998)
Page 2

reconsider their decision to suspend the participation of members of UNITA in
the Government of Unity and National Reconciliation and in the National
Assembly;

     5.   Calls on Member States to implement fully the relevant provisions of
resolutions 864 (1993) of 15 September 1993, 1127 (1997) of 28 August 1997 and
1173 (1998) of 12 June 1998;

     6.   Strongly urges the Government of Angola, UNITA and States in the
region to reject military action, to pursue dialogue to resolve the crisis and
to refrain from any steps which could exacerbate the current situation;

     7.   Reiterates its support to the Secretary-General for his personal
engagement in the peace process, and urges the Government of Angola and UNITA to
cooperate fully with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and
with other relevant initiatives by Member States to seek a peaceful resolution
of the crisis;

     8.   Decides to extend the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission
in Angola (MONUA) until 15 October 1998, and to assess the overall situation and
take action on the future role of the United Nations in Angola on the basis of a
report and recommendations to be submitted by the Secretary-General no later
than 8 October 1998;

     9.   Endorses the decision of the Secretary-General to instruct MONUA to
adjust its deployment on the ground, as needed, to ensure the safety and
security of MONUA personnel, and demands that the Government of Angola and in
particular UNITA guarantee unconditionally the safety and freedom of movement of
the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and all United Nations and
international humanitarian personnel, including those providing humanitarian
assistance;

     10.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

                                      -----

Security Council resolution 1195 (1998) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA)]
[Extension of the mandate of the UN Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA)]

UN Observer Mission in Angola|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Angola|União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola|Lusaka Protocol (1994)|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|MILITARY DEMOBILIZATION|TROOP WITHDRAWAL|SPECIAL MISSIONS|ANGOLA|ANGOLA SITUATION|STAFF SECURITY|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT

S/53 [82] UN OBSERVER MISSION IN ANGOLA
S/53 [80] ANGOLA SITUATION


UNITED
NATIONS                                                                        S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/1196 (1998)
                                                               16 September 1998

                               RESOLUTION 1196 (1998)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3927th meeting,
                                on 16 September 1998

     The Security Council,

     Reaffirming its resolution 1170 (1998) of 28 May 1998,

     Recalling the statement of its President made on 25 September 1997
(S/PRST/1997/46) at the meeting of the Council at the level of Foreign Ministers
on the situation in Africa,

     Having considered the recommendations contained in the report of the
Secretary-General of 13 April 1998 on "The causes of conflict and the promotion
of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa", which was submitted to
the General Assembly (A/52/871) and to the Security Council (S/1998/318) in
accordance with the above-mentioned statement, regarding the importance of
strengthening the effectiveness of arms embargoes as a means to diminish the
availability of arms with which to pursue armed conflicts,

     Stressing the principles of the political independence, sovereignty and
territorial integrity of all States,

     Mindful of the Cairo Declaration of 1993 (A/48/322, annex II), which
stipulated that the Organization of African Unity (OAU) Mechanism for Conflict
Prevention, Management and Resolution would have as a primary objective the
anticipation and prevention of conflicts,

     Reaffirming the obligations of all Member States to settle their
international disputes by peaceful means and stressing the primary
responsibility of the Security Council for the maintenance of international
peace and security in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,

     Recognizing that the International Commission of Inquiry established by its
resolution 1013 (1995) of 7 September 1995 and reactivated in accordance with
its resolution 1161 (1998) of 9 April 1998 is an example of a useful means for
strengthening the effectiveness of an arms embargo established by the Council,

98-27165 (E)                                                                   /...

S/RES/1196 (1998)
Page 2

     1.   Reiterates the obligation of all Member States to carry out decisions
of the Council on arms embargoes;

     2.   Encourages each Member State, as appropriate, to consider as a means
of implementing the obligations referred to in paragraph 1 above the adoption of
legislation or other legal measures making the violation of arms embargoes
established by the Council a criminal offence;

     3.   Requests the Security Council Committees established by resolutions
imposing arms embargoes in Africa to include in their annual reports a
substantive section on the implementation of the arms embargoes, on possible
violations of the measures reported to the Committee and with recommendations as
appropriate for strengthening the effectiveness of the arms embargoes;

     4.   Encourages the Chairmen of the Committees referred to in paragraph 3
above to seek to establish channels of communication with regional and
subregional organizations and bodies, including in Africa the OAU Mechanism for
Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution, the Economic Community of West
African States (ECOWAS), the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on
Security Questions in Central Africa (SACSQ), the Southern African Development
Community (SADC) and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), in
addition to other sources of information, including Member States, already
mentioned in the guidelines of the Committees, in order to improve the
monitoring of arms embargoes through wider and regular exchange of information
with relevant parties in the region concerned;

     5.   Reiterates its request that all States, relevant United Nations
bodies, and, as appropriate, other organizations and interested parties report
information on possible violations of arms embargoes established by the Council
to the relevant Security Council Committees referred to in paragraph 3 above;

     6.   Requests the Committees referred to in paragraph 3 above to make
relevant information publicly available through appropriate media, including
through the improved use of information technology;

     7.   Welcomes the initiative of the Chairmen of the Committees established
pursuant to resolution 864 (1993) of 15 September 1993 and resolution
1132 (1997) of 8 October 1997 concerning the situations in Angola and Sierra
Leone, respectively, to visit countries in the region and invites other
Committees to consider this approach, where and when appropriate, in order to
enhance the full and effective implementation of the measures specified in their
respective mandates with a view to urging the parties to comply with relevant
Council resolutions;

     8.   Expresses its willingness to consider, whenever it establishes arms
embargoes, all appropriate measures to assist their effective implementation,
and notes, in this context, that measures such as inquiries into arms
trafficking routes, the follow-up of possible specific violations and the
deployment of border or point of entry monitors may be relevant, in consultation
with the countries concerned;

                                                                               /...

                                                            S/RES/1196 (1998)
                                                            Page 3

     9.   Urges Member States, relevant United Nations bodies and agencies and
other international agencies to consider the provision of technical and other
assistance, in consultation with the States concerned, to facilitate the
implementation of arms embargoes;

     10. Stresses that arms embargoes established by the Council should have
clearly established objectives and provisions for regular review of the measures
with a view to lifting them when the objectives are met, in accordance with the
terms of the applicable Security Council resolutions;

     11. Requests all Security Council Committees established by resolutions
imposing arms embargoes to consider, as appropriate, the application of the
measures contained in this resolution;

     12.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

                                      -----

Security Council resolution 1196 (1998) [on monitoring of arms embargoes in Africa]
[Peace and development in Africa and the implementation of arms embargoes]

REGIONAL SECURITY|ARMS EMBARGO|REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS|SPECIAL MISSIONS|ARMS TRANSFERS|TECHNICAL COOPERATION|AFRICA|INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS|INFORMATION EXCHANGE