               United Nations                                                                      S/RES/2431 (2018)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                30 July 2018

               Resolution 2431 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8321st meeting, on
               30 July 2018

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling all its previous resolutions and statements of its President on the
               situation in Somalia,
                    Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political
               independence, and unity of Somalia, and underscoring the importance of working to
               prevent destabilising effects of regional crises and disputes from spilling over into
               Somalia,
                    Condemning Al Shabaab attacks in Somalia and beyond, expressing serious
               concern at the ongoing threat posed by Al Shabaab, and underlining its concern that
               Al Shabaab continues to hold territory and extort revenue in Somalia,
                     Expressing outrage at the loss of civilian life in Al Shabaab attacks, and paying
               tribute to the bravery and sacrifices made by the African Union Mission in Somalia
               (AMISOM) and Somali security forces personnel in the fight against Al Shabaab, and
               recognising the need to preserve the gains made through their commitment,
                    Reiterating its determination to support efforts to reduce the threat posed by
               Al Shabaab in Somalia, and underlining its commitment to support an inclusive
               Somali-led political peace and reconciliation process,
                    Condemning the continued violations and abuses of human rights and violations
               of international humanitarian law in Somalia, in particular those involving the
               deliberate targeting of civilians and the recruitment of children,
                    Welcoming the positive contributions that the UN Support Office in Somalia
               (UNSOS) has made to supporting the gains made by AMISOM and the UN Assistance
               Mission in Somalia (UNSOM), and underscoring the importance of an effective
               partnership between the United Nations, the African Union (AU) and Member States
               in Somalia,
                     Recognising that the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) has the primary
               responsibility to protect its citizens and build its own national security forces, noting
               that these forces should be inclusive and representative of Somalia and act in full
               compliance with their obligations under international humanitarian law and
               international human rights law,

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                     Welcoming the development of a conditions-based transition plan with clear
               target dates for the progressive transfer of security responsibilities from AMISOM to
               the Somali security institutions and forces, and calling for its swift finalisation of the
               detailed transition and implementation with full participation from all stakeholders,
               recalling the critical importance of accelerating the implementation of the National
               Security Architecture agreement between the FGS and the Federal Member States
               (FMSs), including decisions to define the composition and roles of Somalia’s security
               forces and to integrate and provide federal support to regional forces, in order to
               provide the foundation for a successful transition, and welcoming the renewed
               commitment of the FGS and the FMSs to accelerating security sector reform at the
               Somalia Partnership Forum in Brussels on 16–17 July,
                     Reaffirming the strong commitment of international partners to support the FGS
               and FMSs in establishing under the National Security Council and Regional Security
               Councils, a capable, accountable, acceptable and affordable Somali -led security
               sector as set out in the Security Pact adopted by Somalia and international partners
               on 11 May 2017 at the London Somalia Conference,
                    Recognising that a more stable Somalia is of vital importance to ensuring
               regional security,

               AMISOM
                     Commending the contribution of AMISOM to lasting peace and stability in
               Somalia, noting its critical role in improving the security situation and in providing
               the security to enable peacebuilding and statebuilding progress in Somalia, including
               two national political processes, acknowledging the important contribution of
               AMISOM and the AU in support of the Somali political process, expressing its
               appreciation for the continued commitment of troops, police and equipment to
               AMISOM by the Governments of Burundi, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda,
               Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone, and recognising the significant sacrifices made by
               AMISOM forces,
                    Recalling the Conclusions on Children and Armed Conflict (S/AC.51/2017/2),
                    Taking note of the Joint AU-UN Review of AMISOM, as requested in paragraph
               23 of resolution 2372 (2017), the Report on the Ten Year Lessons Learned from
               AMISOM 2007–2017, and the African Union Peace and Security Council ’s
               communiqué of 27 June 2018 on the situation in Somalia and AMISOM,
                     Taking note of the Report of the AU-UN Special Envoys on AMISOM financing
               and its finding that in the immediate term voluntary contributions are required at an
               adequate level,
                    Expressing its support for a transfer of security tasks from AMISOM to the
               Somali security forces, in line with the National Security Architecture, in a gradual
               and conditions-based manner, to ensure that the hard won security gains are
               preserved,
                     Recalling the decision in paragraph 5 of its resolution 2372 (2017) to reduce the
               level of uniformed AMISOM personnel by 30 October 2018, regretting the need to
               delay that reduction to 28 February 2019, and stressing that there should be no further
               delays to implementation of future decisions to reduce the level of uniformed
               AMISOM personnel,
                     Encouraging the AU to evaluate regularly AMISOM ’s performance including
               the performance of troop and police contingents to ensure that the mission has the
               skills and flexibility to carry out its mandate effectively, including through
               performance evaluation linked to clearly identified benchmarks and st andards,

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                 Welcoming the AU’s investigation of allegations of sexual violence against some
           AMISOM troops, underlining the importance of the AU implementing the
           recommendations of its findings, taking action to prevent further abuses, and in line
           with resolution 2272 (2016),
                 Expressing concern over reports of pro-Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant
           (ISIL, also known as Da’esh) elements in Somalia and the security implications of
           the situation in Yemen for Somalia,
                Expressing grave concern at the ongoing multifaceted humanitarian situa tion,
           and commending AMISOM’s efforts to create conditions conducive to the delivery
           of humanitarian assistance,
                 Recalling its Presidential statement S/PRST/2011/15, recognising the adverse
           effects of climate change, ecological changes and natural disasters among other
           factors on the stability of Somalia, including through drought, desertification, land
           degradation, and food insecurity, and emphasising the need for adequate risk
           assessment and risk management strategies by governments and the United Nations
           relating to these factors,
                 Determining that the situation in Somalia continues to constitute a threat to
           international peace and security,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

           AMISOM
                  1.   Emphasises that the long term objective for Somalia, with the support of
           its international partners, is that Somali security institutions and forces assume full
           responsibility for Somalia’s security, and in this regard recognises that AMISOM
           remains critical to security during this transition to allow for the Somali security
           institutions and forces to build their capacities;
                2.    Agrees with the Secretary-General that conditions in Somalia are not
           appropriate for the deployment of a United Nat ions peacekeeping mission, and
           requests the Secretary-General to keep the benchmarks for deployment under
           continuous review;
                 3.   Underlines that the increases in the force strength decided in resolutions
           2036 (2012) and 2124 (2013) were to provide short term enhancement to AMISOM’s
           military capacity, and as part of an overall exit strategy for AMISOM, after which a
           decrease in AMISOM’s force strength will be considered in light of progress on the
           ground;
                 4.    Welcomes in this regard the recommendation of the AU-UN Review to
           continue the gradual and phased reduction and reorganisation of AMISOM ’s
           uniformed personnel in line with the implementation of the tra nsition plan in order to
           provide a greater support role to the Somali security forces in line with the National
           Security Architecture as they progressively take the lead for security in Somalia,
           expresses its intention to follow closely the implementation of the transition plan and
           progress towards the handover of security responsibility from AMISOM to Somali
           security institutions with the aim of Somali security institutions taking the lead by
           December 2021, further welcomes the FGS’s commitment and steps to implement the
           transition plan, including through the conduct of joint operations in order to become
           the primary security provider in Somalia, and underscores the need for transition of
           security responsibility to take into consideration the security situa tion in each
           location;

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               Priorities and tasks
                     5.   Decides to authorise the Member States of the AU to maintain the
               deployment of AMISOM until 31 May 2019, including a minimum of 1,040 AMISOM
               police personnel including five Formed Police Units, and to redu ce the level of
               uniformed AMISOM personnel to a maximum level of 20,626 by 28 February 2019
               unless the Security Council decides to accelerate the pace of the reduction taking into
               account the capabilities of the Somali security forces thus far, and stresses that there
               should be no further delay in the reduction of the level of uniformed AMISOM
               personnel beyond 28 February 2019;
                     6.    Further decides that AMISOM shall be authorised to take all necessary
               measures, in full compliance with participating States ’ obligations under international
               law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law, and
               in full respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence and
               unity of Somalia, to carry out its mandate;
                    7.     Decides to authorise AMISOM to pursue the following strategic
               objectives:
                     (a) Enable the gradual handing over of security responsibilities from
               AMISOM to the Somali security forces contingent on abilities of the Somali security
               forces and political and security progress in Somalia, with the aim of Somali security
               institutions taking the lead by December 2021;
                    (b) Reduce the threat posed by Al Shabaab and other armed opposition groups,
               including through mitigating the threat posed by improvised explosive devices;
                    (c) Assist the Somali security forces to provide security for the political
               process at all levels as well as stabilisation coordinated with the Community Recovery
               and Extension of State Authority and Accountability (CRESTA/A), reconciliation and
               peacebuilding in Somalia;
                    8.    Decides to authorise AMISOM to carry out the following priority tasks to
               achieve these objectives:
                    (a) Maintain a presence in the sectors set out in AMISOM ’s Concept of
               Operations, prioritising the main population centres;
                     (b) To assist, as appropriate, the Somali security forces to protect the Somali
               authorities to help them carry out their functions of government, their efforts towards
               stabilisation coordinated with CRESTA/A, reconciliation and peacebuilding, and
               security for key infrastructure;
                     (c) To protect, as appropriate, its personnel, facilities, installations, equipment
               and mission, and to ensure the security and freedom of movement of its personnel, as
               well as of United Nations personnel carrying out functions mand ated by the Security
               Council;
                    (d) To conduct targeted offensive operations, including jointly with the Somali
               security forces, against Al Shabaab and other armed opposition groups;
                     (e) To secure key supply routes including to areas recovered from Al Shabaab,
               in particular those essential to improving the humanitarian situation, which may
               include commercial goods essential to meeting the basic needs of civilians, and those
               critical for logistical support to AMISOM, underscoring that the delivery of logisti cs
               remains a joint responsibility between the United Nations and AU;
                   (f) To mentor and assist Somali security forces, including combat readiness
               mentoring for Somali military forces, and mentoring and training for Somali police,

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           in close collaboration with UNSOM and in line with the National Security
           Architecture and the transition plan;
                 (g) To reconfigure AMISOM, as security conditions allow, in support of the
           transition plan and in favour of police personnel within the authorised AMISOM
           personnel ceiling;
                (h) To receive on a transitory basis, defectors, as appropriate, and in
           coordination with the United Nations and the Federal Government of Somalia;
                 9.    Requests the AU to keep the Security Council regularly informed, through
           the Secretary-General, on the implementation of AMISOM’s mandate, including its
           reconfiguration in support of the transition plan, and any performance issues, such as
           effective command and control, responses to attacks on civilians, adequate equipment
           and information, which may adversely affect effective mandate implementation, and
           to report to the Council, through the provision of oral updates and no fewer than three
           written reports, every 120 days with the first written report not later than
           15 November 2018, and further requests that the first written report contains a
           reconfiguration plan detailing the modalities of the reduction in the level of uniformed
           personnel set out in paragraph 5 of this resolution;
                 10. Requests that the AU continues to ensure that AMISOM is configured to
           conduct the full range of mandated tasks effectively, including improving operational
           coordination among AMISOM contingents and ensuring effective consultation with
           appropriate Somali and international partners on operational decision-making and,
           under the authority of the Force Commander, strengthening command and control
           structures capable of operating jointly with Somali security forces;
                 11. Requests the AU and the UN to conduct, in collaboration with partners, a
           joint Operational Readiness Assessment of AMISOM, to be completed by
           15 September 2018, in order to identify capacities and requirements within the
           authorised troop ceiling set out in paragraph 5, including to support the
           implementation of the transition plan, and provide the baseline for a revised Concept
           of Operations that provides clear target dates for the progressive transfer of security
           responsibility from AMISOM to the Somali security institutions and forces;
                 12. Welcomes in this regard the intention of the AU to develop a new Concept
           of Operations for AMISOM by 1 November 2018, and requests the AU to develop
           this concept in close collaboration with the United Nations and Federal Government
           of Somalia;
                 13. Recalls its request that the AU generate the specialised units set out in the
           annex to resolution 2297 (2016), in particular the Mission Enabling Units, and
           reiterating the importance that all force enablers and multipliers operate under the
           command of the Force Commander, welcomes efforts to identify specific
           requirements, and requests that these are generated without delay, and requests that
           the AU provide regular updates on this force generation in its regular reports thro ugh
           the Secretary-General;
                14. Stresses the critical need to source fully functioning and mission
           appropriate contingent-owned equipment including force enablers and multipliers as
           provided for in paragraph 6 of resolution 2036 (2012) either from existing AMISOM
           troop-contributing countries or other Member States, and urges the AU urgently to
           generate the remainder of the force enablers within the existing troop ceiling;
                15. Stresses that AMISOM’s civilian component should be fully operational
           to support AMISOM’s military and police tasks and improve coordination between
           the United Nations and the AU in Somalia, further stresses that AMISOM’s civilian
           component should focus its efforts to support the tran sition and eventual drawdown

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               in line with the transition plan and the aim of Somali security forces taking the lead
               for security responsibility by December 2021;
                     16. Reiterates its request in paragraph 18 of resolution 2111 (2013) that
               AMISOM support and assist the FGS and FMSs in implementing the total ban on the
               export of charcoal from Somalia, while noting AMISOM ’s strategic objectives and
               priority tasks;
                     17. Underlines the continued importance of AMISOM forces carrying out
               their mandate in full compliance with participating States ’ obligations under
               international law, including international humanitarian law and international human
               rights law, including with regard to the protection of civilians and o n the basis of
               specific recommendations made during the Joint Review, and cooperating with
               UNSOM and UNSOS in implementing the Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on
               United Nations support to Non-United Nations security forces (HRDDP), and calls
               upon AMISOM and the AU to ensure monitoring of and prompt and thorough
               investigations into and reporting on allegations of violations and abuses of human
               rights and violations of international humanitarian law, as well as continuing to ensure
               the highest standards of transparency, and conduct and discipline;
                     18. Welcomes the progress made by AMISOM in complying with human rights
               and international humanitarian law, and urges troop and police contributing countries
               to accelerate efforts to cooperate with the AU and UN to enhance the effectiveness of
               measures and mechanisms to prevent and address non -compliance, including on the
               basis of specific recommendations of the Joint Review, including selection and
               screening of AMISOM personnel;
                     19. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that any support provided to
               non-United Nations security forces is provided in strict compliance with the HRDDP
               and to include progress made in implementing the policy in the Secretary-General’s
               reports to the Security Council, including through the mitigating measures and
               mechanisms as set out by the Joint Review, and further requests UNSOS to strengthen
               its capacity to ensure the implementation of the HRDDP with regard to its support for
               AMISOM and Somali security forces;
                     20. Welcomes the work of the Civilian Casualty Tracking Analysis and
               Response Cell (CCTARC) as requested in resolutions 2093 (2013) and 2124 (2013),
               underlines the importance of making the CCTARC fully operational and effective
               without further delay, and in this regard urges the full support of troop and police
               contributors to the CCTARC, in collaboration with humanitarian, human rights and
               protection actors, and underlines the importance of ensuring information is shared
               with relevant actors including the United Nations, is integrated into AMISOM
               reporting, and feeds into operational guidelines and plans;
                    21. Welcomes AMISOM’s zero tolerance stance on sexual exploitation and
               abuse, calls on the AU and troop-contributing countries to take appropriate steps to
               prevent and investigate allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse, including
               screening personnel and undertaking risk assessments and training, and to hold
               perpetrators accountable and repatriate units where there is credible evidence of
               widespread or systemic sexual exploitation or abuse by those units, and further
               encourages the AU to cooperate with the UN on all aspects related to addressing
               sexual exploitation and abuse;
                     22. Welcomes and strongly encourages the deployment of female uniformed
               personnel in AMISOM by the Troop and Police Contributing Countries, and urges
               AMISOM to ensure the meaningful participation of women across its operations and
               to integrate a gender perspective throughout delivery of its mandate;

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                 23. Welcomes the intention of the Secretary-General to conduct a technical
           assessment of AMISOM by 31 January 2019, working closely with the AU, as well
           as key international stakeholders and the FGS, to review AMISOM’s reconfiguration
           in support of the transition plan, including the implementation of the reduction in the
           troop ceiling set out in paragraph 5, the progress towards achieving the strategic
           objectives in paragraph 7, its capability to conduct the priority tasks set out in
           paragraph 8, the alignment of UNSOS logistical support to AMISOM priorities and
           the transition plan, and to make recommendations on improved consultation with
           AMISOM regarding its support package and the progressive transition from
           AMISOM to Somali security responsibility including over the electoral period, taking
           into account the capacities of the Somali security forces;
                 24. Expresses its intention to consider further uniformed personnel reductions
           as security conditions and Somali capabilities and capacities allow, in line with the
           transition plan and the aim of Somali security institutions leading security
           responsibility by December 2021, and in light of the technical assessment set out in
           paragraph 23;

           Support and Partnership
                 25. Requests the Secretary-General to work closely with the AU in supporting
           the implementation of this resolution, encourages continued close collaboration
           between UNSOM, UNSOS and AMISOM at all levels, including through the Senior
           Leadership Coordination Forum, in order to strengthen the joint senior leadership
           decision-making between UNSOM and AMISOM and ensure operational efforts are
           aligned with a common set of strategic priorities, and enhance coordination efforts on
           the ground within the Comprehensive Approach to Security (CAS) mechanism to
           utilise each other’s comparative advantage and maximise impacts for the FGS and
           FMS, further requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide technical and
           expert advice to the AU on the planning, deployment and strategic management of
           AMISOM in line with the mandate of the United Nations office to the AU, and
           reiterates its request to the Secretary-General, in view of the need to increase
           AMISOM’s efficiency, to enhance the provision of technical advice to the AU through
           existing United Nations mechanisms;
                26. Stresses the importance of early and sustained coordination of all joint
           operations, as well as inclusive planning of stabilisation and other follow up activity
           in newly recovered areas, including the focus areas identified in the transition plan,
           and of taking full account of the need to protect civilians and mitigate risk before,
           during and after any military operation, and encourages the strengthening of joint
           planning and operational management mechanisms in order to prioritise available
           resources;
                27. Further stresses the importance of effective joint planning and
           implementation of the transition of primary security responsibility to the Somali
           security institutions between the FGS, FMSs, the United Nations, AU and donors, and
           requests the Secretary-General to report on progress towards transition in his reports
           on the situation in Somalia to this Council;
                 28. Agrees with the Secretary-General that oversight and accountability, in
           particular compliance with HRDDP in the context of United Nations support to the
           transition of responsibilities between AMISOM and Somali security forces, will be
           the cornerstone of the partnership between the United Nations, the AU, the FGS and
           the FMSs;
                 29. Urges the full implementation of the Force Commander ’s directive, in
           particular on the protection of children’s rights during and after operations and to

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               comply with the standard operating procedures for the reception and handover of
               children separated from armed groups in Somalia signed by the FGS;
                     30. Welcomes the support of the international community for peace and
               stability in Somalia, in particular the European Union for its substantial contribution
               in supporting AMISOM, as well as support from other bilateral partners for both
               AMISOM and the Somali security institutions and forces, emphasises the importance
               of new contributions, including from new and existing donors from the international
               community, the African Union Peace Fund, the private sector, civil society and other
               donations, in order to share the financial burden of supporting AMISOM;
                     31. Reiterates its call for new and existing donors to support AMISOM
               through the provision of additional funding for troop stipends, equipment, and
               technical assistance for AMISOM, and contributions to the United Nations Trust
               Funds for AMISOM and the SNA, calls upon the AU to consider how to provide
               sustainable funding for AMISOM, underlines the AU ’s call for its Member States to
               provide financial support to AMISOM, and urges AMISOM to reconfigure within the
               timeline and guidelines of this resolution to increase performance and effectively
               apply limited donor resources to the authorised uniformed personnel ceiling;
                     32. Stresses the need to enhance the predictability, sustainability and
               flexibility of financing for AU-led peace support operations authorised by the
               Security Council and under the Security Council ’s authority consistent with Chapter
               VIII of the Charter, encourages the Secretary-General, AU and partners to continue
               efforts to explore in earnest funding arrangements for AMISOM, bearing in mind the
               full range of options available to the United Nations, AU, the European Union, and
               to other partners, and considering the limitations of voluntary funding , in order to
               establish secure future funding arrangements for AMISOM;

               Somali security forces
                     33. Recognises that the primary responsibility for security lies with the Somali
               people and institutions, and in this regard, welcomes the historical political agreement
               on the National Security Architecture by the FGS and FMSs on 17 April 2017 and the
               development of the transition plan, commends their renewed commitment to security
               sector reform, and underscores the need to implement these commitments urgent ly,
               and to accelerate reform;
                     34. Underlines the continued importance of swift implementation of the
               National Security Architecture, delineating roles and responsibilities of Somalia ’s
               security institutions, agreeing on governance and oversight structures and identifying
               capability gaps in order to guide AMISOM and donors ’ security sector assistance
               priorities and signalling areas of cooperation with the international community in
               order to develop Somali-led security institutions and forces, both military and
               civilian, that are capable, affordable, acceptable, and accountable, and emphasises the
               vital importance of the rule of law and of security forces acting at all times in full
               compliance with applicable obligations under international humanitarian law a nd
               human rights law including with respect to the protection of civilians, ending and
               preventing recruitment, re-recruitment and use of children in armed conflict, and
               addressing conflict-related sexual violence;
                     35. Stresses the importance of the FGS and FMSs accelerating the
               strengthening and improved coordination of the Somali security institutions, and
               enhancing efforts to move towards the eventual handover of security responsibilities
               to the Somali security services and withdrawal of AMISOM;
                    36. Welcomes efforts to implement the Operational Readiness Assessment of
               the SNA and to complete an Operational Readiness Assessment of the Somali security

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           forces outside the SNA that are formally part of the National Security Architecture,
           led by the FGS with the active participation of the FMSs, and together with AMISOM
           and the United Nations and other international partners to determine numbers,
           capacities, locations and compliance with international law, including international
           humanitarian law and international human rights law, including age assessment
           mechanisms and screening for child soldiers, existence of accountability mechanisms,
           and level of vetting and training, and including the Somali police as well as other
           Somali security capacities, in order to hand over specific security tasks, identify
           capacities for joint operations, determine infrastructure, logistical capacity,
           equipment and training gaps, and provide a baseline for further security sector reform
           efforts, and to inform a revised Concept of Operations for AMISOM;
                 37. Welcomes the commitment of international partners to provide additional
           and more effective support through the Comprehensive Approach to Security (CAS)
           implementation mechanisms agreed at the London Somalia Conference, including
           more coordinated delivery of mentoring, training, equipment, capacity building, and
           remuneration of police and military forces consistent with the Security Pact agreed at
           the London Somalia Conference and reiterated at the Somalia Security Conference in
           December 2017 and the Somalia Partnership forum in July 2018, and in this regard
           emphasises the important role of UNSOM to assist the FGS in coordinating
           international donor support for security sector assistance;
                38. Welcomes the support already provided b y the international community
           and bilateral donors to the Somali security sector, encourages partners to further
           enhance their support to national and state-level institutions for the development of
           the Somali security sector, in line with the agreed Natio nal Security Architecture,
           including logistical support, calls upon new partners to come forward to support this
           development, and reiterates the importance of increased coordination amongst all
           partners as agreed in the Security Pact;
                 39. Underscores the need for international partners to closely align their
           efforts in a fully coordinated manner to enable Somalia to achieve a comprehensive
           approach to advance sustainable security, and the need to implement commitments
           through the implementation mechanism set out in the Security Pact on 11 May 2017;
                40. Underlines that it is essential that military operations are followed
           immediately by Somali efforts to establish or improve governance structures in
           recovered areas and by the delivery of basic services, inc luding security, through the
           National Security Council and Regional Security Councils;
                 41. Recognises that the threat of Al Shabaab and other armed opposition
           groups will not be defeated by military means alone, and in this regard encourages
           the FGS, with the support of UNSOM, to continue to take a comprehensive approach
           to security, in line with the Security Pact and the New Partnership Agreement for
           Somalia, and to implement Somalia’s National Strategy and Action Plan for
           Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism in order to strengthen Somalia’s
           capacity to prevent and counter terrorism;
                 42. Welcomes the agreements reached by the FGS and FMSs to establish basic
           policing services across Somalia, as part of the new federal policing model, requests
           UNSOM to continue to support implementation of the federal policing model,
           especially at the FMS level, encourages donors to support relevant national and statelevel institutions in its implementation, welcomes capacity-building for the maritime
           police force in line with resolution 2246 (2015) by the FGS with the support of
           UNSOM, and looks forward to progress towards its implementation;
                 43. Commends the FGS and the FMSs for their commitment to increase the
           transparency and accountability of security sector financial management, and the

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               payment of salaries and support requirements as set out in the Security Pact, and in
               line with the national constitution and resource sharing mechanisms and looks
               forward to progress on this commitment;
                     44. Calls on the FGS, the FMSs, AMISOM and UNSOM to work to ensure
               that women and girls are protected from sexual and gender -based violence, including
               sexual exploitation and abuse, which can significantly exacerbate and prolong
               situations of armed conflict and may impede the restoration of international peace and
               security, and that survivors are supported and perpetrators held accountable, and urges
               the FGS, with the support of the United Nations, to accelerate the implementation of
               the Joint Communiqué and the National Action Plan to combat sexual violence in
               conflict, and further calls on the Somali security forces to take appropriate steps to
               prevent and investigate allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse involving their
               personnel;

               Logistical Support
                    45. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide a logistical support
               package for UNSOM, AMISOM and 70 AMISOM civilians, on the basis set out in
               operative paragraph 2 of resolution 2245 (2015), and for 10,900 Somali security
               forces, who are formally part of the National Security Architecture, on joint
               operations with AMISOM, in line with the transition plan, on the same basis as such
               support was provided to the SNA under operative paragraph 2 ( f) of resolution 2245
               (2015), and further requests the Secretary-General to expedite the necessary
               procedures to implement resolution 2245 (2015);
                    46. Stresses the need for responsive and effective field support and in this
               regard welcomes UNSOS’s efforts, in collaboration with AMISOM, to implement
               measures aimed at strengthening accountability and efficiency in the management of
               resources and finances in order to better align the delivery of logistical support to
               AMISOM’s priorities and activities and requests the Secretary-General to report on
               progress in his regular reporting;
                    47. Welcomes the signing of a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding
               (MOU) by the Governments of Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda, with
               the United Nations, and the AU, and urges remaining troop and police contributing
               countries to conclude negotiations on the trilateral Memorandum of Understanding
               (MOU) without delay;

               Somalia
                    48. Welcomes the FGS’s active engagement with the Universal Periodic
               Review Process and encourages implementation of all accepted recommendations;
                     49. Expresses concern at continued violations and abuses of human rights and
               violations of international humanitarian law in Somalia, underscores the need to end
               impunity, uphold human rights and to hold accountable those responsible for such
               violations and abuses, welcomes the establishment of the National Human Rights
               Commission, and encourages the FGS to approve the appointment of the
               Commissioners, and implement fully the Action Plan of its Human Rights Roadmap,
               including by implementing legislation aimed at protecting human rights and
               investigating and prosecuting perpetrators of crimes involving violations or abuses of
               human rights, violations of international humanitarian law, and conflict -related sexual
               and gender-based violence;
                     50. Reiterates its continued concern at the high number of refugees and
               internally displaced persons (IDPs), including persons newly displaced by floods and
               the drought, expresses its serious concern at the ongoing forced evictions of IDPs in

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           Somalia, stresses that any eviction should be consistent with relevant national and
           international frameworks, encourages the FGS to conclude ratification of the
           Kampala Convention and implement is provisions in full including by passing
           legislation to ensure the rights of IDPs during all phases of displacement, urges the
           FGS and all relevant actors to strive to provide concrete durable solutions for internal
           displacement, and calls on the FGS and all relevant actors to strive to create the
           conditions conducive to the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of
           refugees and IDPs, including by offering IDPs access to servic es, security and
           protection in collaboration with the affected communities and humanitarian actors,
           and with the support of the international community;
                 51. Recalls its resolution 2417 (2018) and expresses grave concern at the
           ongoing humanitarian crisis in Somalia and its impact on the people of Somalia,
           commends the efforts of the United Nations humanitarian agencies and other
           humanitarian actors to deliver life-saving assistance to vulnerable populations,
           condemns the increase in attacks against humanitarian workers and calls on all parties
           to respect and protect humanitarian personnel, facilities and assets; further condemns
           any misuse or obstruction of humanitarian assistance, and reiterates its dema nd that
           all parties allow and facilitate rapid, safe and unimpeded access for the timely
           delivery of aid to persons in need across Somalia in line with humanitarian principles,
           including by dismantling illegal checkpoints and removing administrative hurdle s,
           underlines the importance of proper accounting in international humanitarian support,
           and encourages national disaster management agencies in Somalia to scale up
           capacity with support from the United Nations to take a stronger leadership role in
           coordination of humanitarian response;
                52. Underlines the importance of respect for international humanitarian law
           and the protection of civilians, especially women and children, and respect for
           relevant Security Council resolutions, by all actors in Somalia;
                 53. Reaffirms the important role of women and youth in the prevention and
           resolution of conflicts and in peacebuilding, stresses the importance of their full,
           equal, effective and meaningful participation in all efforts for the maintenance and
           promotion of peace and security, and acknowledges the important contribution that
           civil society can make in this regard;
                  54. Strongly condemns all violations and abuses committed against children in
           armed conflict in Somalia, including the increase in the number of c ases of
           recruitment of children, attacks on schools, and of sexual violence perpetrated against
           children, demands that the parties to the conflict cease immediately all violations and
           abuses against children and calls on the FGS to hold perpetrators accountable and to
           implement fully the Convention of the Rights of the Child 1989, including by
           ratification of or accession to its Optional Protocols, and the Action Plans signed in
           2012, the recently adopted Somali National Army Command Order on the Protection
           of Children’s Rights before, during and after operations, and the Standard Operation
           Procedures on the handover of children, and underscores the need to strengthen the
           legal and operational framework for the protection of children and to strengthen
           existing vetting mechanisms;

           Reporting
                55. Requests the Secretary-General to keep the Security Council regularly
           informed on the implementation of this resolution in his regular reports requested in
           paragraph 28 of resolution 2408 (2018);
                 56. Requests the Secretary-General to update the Security Council on the
           status of the Somali security forces and their readiness to perform security tasks
           taking into consideration the outcome of the Operational Readine ss Assessment, and

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               on the impact of operations on the level of threat from Al Shabaab, and further
               requests the AU to report through the Secretary-General on progress on the
               reconfiguration of AMISOM in support of the transition plan, including the progres s
               made to implement the reduction of the troop ceiling as set out in paragraph 5, and
               progress towards achieving AMISOM’s objectives, in its regular reports to the
               Security Council in order to maintain the momentum of transition to Somali security
               forces;
                    57.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2431 (2018) [on authorization to the Member States of the African Union to maintain the deployment of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) until 31 May 2019]

African Union Mission in Somalia|UN. Support Office in Somalia|UN Assistance Mission in Somalia|Al-Shabaab (Organization)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|SUPPORT SERVICES|INTERNAL SECURITY|HUMAN RIGHTS|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|SOMALIA|SOMALIA SITUATION

S/73 [84] SOMALIA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Somalia.


               United Nations                                                                  S/RES/2432 (2018)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                30 August 2018

               Resolution 2432 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8336th meeting, on
               30 August 2018

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions, in particular resolutions 2423 (2018), 2391
               (2017) and 2374 (2017),
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, unity and territorial
               integrity of Mali, emphasizing that the Malian authorities have primary responsibility
               for the provision of stability and security throughout the territory of Mali, and
               underscoring the importance of achieving national ownership of peace - and securityrelated initiatives,
                     Taking note of the renewed commitment of the Government of Mali, the
               Plateforme coalition of armed groups and the Coordination des Mouvements de
               l’Azawad coalition of armed groups (“the Plateforme and Coordination armed
               groups”) to the expeditious implementation of all of their remaining obligations under
               the Agreement on Peace and Reconciliation in Mali (“the Agreement”), through the
               adoption of a “Chronogramme d’actions prioritaires” during the meeting of the
               Comité de Suivi de l’Accord (CSA) held in Bamako on the 15 and 16 January 2018,
               followed by the adoption of a Roadmap for its implementation on 22 March 2018
               (“the Roadmap”),
                     Welcoming the recent positive steps achieved in the implementation of the
               Agreement, while expressing its deep frustration that parties have too long stalled the
               implementation of the Agreement, in spite of significant international support and
               assistance, further expressing a significant sense of impatience with parties over the
               persistent delays in the full implementation of key provisions of the Agreement and
               stressing the absolute urgency for the Government of Mali and the Plateforme and
               Coordination armed groups to take unprecedented steps to fully and expeditiously
               deliver on remaining obligations under the Agreement,
                   Stressing that all parties to the Agreement share the primary responsibility to
               make steadfast progress in its implementation,
                     Recalling the provisions of the Agreement calling upon the Security Council to
               give its full support to the Agreement, to closely monitor its implementation and, if
               necessary, to take measures against anyone hindering the implementation of the
               commitments contained therein or the realisation of its objectives,

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S/RES/2432 (2018)

                     Recalling the provisions of resolution 2423 (2018) expressing the intention of
               the Security Council to follow closely the timely implementation of the Roadmap
               referred to above and to respond with measures pursuant to resolution 2374 (2017)
               should the parties not implement the agreed-upon commitments within the announced
               timeframe,
                    Taking note of the final report (S/2018/581) of the Panel of experts established
               pursuant to resolution 2374 (2017) (“the Panel of experts”),
                     Determining that the situation in Mali continues to constitute a threat to
               international peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                    1.   Decides to renew until 31 August 2019 the measures as set out in
               paragraphs 1 to 7 of resolution 2374 (2017);
                    2.   Reaffirms that these measures shall apply to individuals and entities as
               designated by the Committee established pursuant to resolution 2374 (“the
               Committee”), as set forth in paragraphs 8 and 9 of resolution 2374 (2017);
                      3.   Decides to extend until 30 September 2019 the mandate of the Panel of
               experts, as set out in paragraphs 11 to 15 of resolution 2374 (2017), as well as the
               request to MINUSMA, as set out in paragraph 16 of resolution 2374 (2017), expresses
               its intention to review the mandate and take appropriate action regarding its further
               extension no later than 31 August 2019, and requests the Secretary-General to take
               the necessary administrative measures as expeditiously as possible to re -establish the
               Panel of experts, in consultation with the Committee, drawing, as appropriate, on the
               expertise of the current members of the Panel of experts;
                     4.    Requests the Panel of experts to provide to the Council, after discussion
               with the Committee, a midterm report no later than 28 February 2019, a final report
               no later than 15 August 2019, and periodic updates in between, as appropriate;
                    5.    Reaffirms the reporting and review provisions as set out in resolution 2374
               (2017);
                    6.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

2/2                                                                                18-14341

Security Council resolution 2432 (2018) [on renewal of sanctions imposed by Security Council resolution 2374 (2017) and extension of the mandate of the Panel of Experts concerning Mail until 30 Sept. 2019]

UN. Panel of Experts Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 2374 (2017) concerning Mali|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|SANCTIONS|TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS|FROZEN ASSETS|MALI|SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE|GROUPS OF EXPERTS

S/73 [225] MALI--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/73 [226] UN MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTEGRATED STABILIZATION MISSION IN MALI
S/ X The situation in Mali.


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2433 (2018)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                30 August 2018

               Resolution 2433 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8338th meeting, on
               30 August 2018

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling all its previous resolutions on Lebanon, in particular resolutions 425
               (1978), 426 (1978), 1559 (2004), 1680 (2006), 1701 (2006), 1773 (2007), 1832
               (2008), 1884 (2009), 1937 (2010) and 2004 (2011), 2064 (2012), 2115 (2013), 2172
               (2014) and 2236 (2015), 2305 (2016), and 2373 (2017) as well as the statements of
               its President on the situation in Lebanon and the Press statements dated 19 December
               2016, 27 March 2018, 9 August 2018,
                    Welcoming the progress towards reactivation of the Lebanese state institutions
               and the recent holding of legislative elections, the first Parliamentary elections since
               2009, and calling for the formation of a new Lebanese Government without further
               delay,
                     Responding to the request of the Government of Lebanon to extend the mandate
               of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) for a period of one year
               without amendment presented in a letter from the Lebanese Foreign Minister to the
               Secretary-General of 23 July 2018 and welcoming the letter from the Secretary -
               General to its President of 30 July 2018 (S/2018/750) recommending this extension,
                     Reiterating its strong support for the territorial integrity, sovereignty and
               political independence of Lebanon,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to the full implementation of all provisions of
               resolution 1701 (2006), and aware of its responsibilities to help secure a permanent
               ceasefire and a long-term solution as envisioned in the resolution,
                    Expressing concern at the limited progress made towards the establishment of a
               permanent ceasefire and other key provisions of resolution 1701 (2006) more than ten
               years after its adoption,
                    Calling upon all concerned parties to strengthen their efforts, including by
               exploring concrete solutions with the Special Coordinator of the Secretary -General
               and the UNIFIL Force Commander, to fully implement all provisions of resolution
               1701 (2006) without delay,
                    Expressing deep concern at all violations in connection with resolution 1701
               (2006) as underlined by the Secretary-General in his reports, and recalling the
               importance of control of the Government of Lebanon over all Lebanese territory,

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*1814358*

S/RES/2433 (2018)

                    Underlining the risk that violations of the cessation of hostilities could lead to
               a new conflict that none of the parties or the region can afford,
                     Urging all parties to make every effort to ensure that the cessation of hostilities
               is sustained, exercise maximum calm and restraint and refrain from any action or
               rhetoric that could jeopardize the cessation of hostilities or destabilize the region,
                    Emphasizing to all parties the importance of full compliance with the
               prohibition on sales and supply of arms and related materiel established by resolution
               1701 (2006),
                      Recalling the utmost importance that all parties concerned respect the Blue Line
               in its entirety, welcoming the continued progress in the marking of the Blue Line, and
               encouraging the parties to accelerate their efforts in coordination with UNIFIL,
               including through the tripartite mechanism, to continue working in the ongoing
               process to delineate and visibly mark the Blue Line in its entirety, as well as to move
               forward on the marking of its points of contention, as recommended by the Strategic
               Review,
                     Condemning in the strongest terms all attempts to threaten the security and
               stability of Lebanon,
                     Reaffirming its determination to ensure that no such acts of intimidation prevent
               UNIFIL from implementing its mandate in accordance with Security Council
               resolution 1701 (2006), recalling the necessity for all parties to ensure that UNIFIL
               personnel are secure and their freedom of movement is fully respected and
               unimpeded, and condemning in the strongest terms the attack against UNIFIL forces
               on 4 August 2018 near the town of Majdal Zun, Southern Lebanon,
                     Expressing concerns about the visits of non-Lebanese militia leaders along the
               Blue Line, and reiterating the importance of the extension of the control of the
               Government of Lebanon over all Lebanese territory in accordance with the provisions
               of resolution 1559 (2004) and resolution 1680 (2006), and of the relevant provisions
               of the Taif Accords,
                     Encouraging all Lebanese parties to resume discussions towards a consensus on
               a National Defence Strategy as set out by the President of Lebanon in his statement
               of 12 March 2018, in accordance with relevant Security Council resolutions and the
               Taif Agreement,
                    Recalling the relevant principles contained in the Convention on the Safety of
               United Nations and Associated Personnel,
                    Commending the active role and dedication of the personnel of UNIFIL and
               expressing its strong appreciation to Member States that contribute to UNIFIL and
               underlining the necessity that UNIFIL has at its disposal all necessary means and
               equipment to carry out its mandate,
                     Recalling the request from the Government of Lebanon to deploy an
               international force to assist it to exercise its authority throughout the territory, and
               reaffirming UNIFIL’s authority to take all necessary action in areas of operations of
               its forces and as it deems within its capabilities, to ensure that its area of operations
               is not utilized for hostile activities of any kind and to resist attempts by forceful means
               to prevent it from discharging its mandate,
                     Welcoming the crucial role played by the Lebanese Armed Forces and security
               forces, as the only legitimate armed forces in Lebanon, in extending and sustaining
               the authority of the Government of Lebanon, in particular in southern Lebanon, and
               responding to other security challenges, including the threat of terrorism, and the
               strong international commitment to support the Lebanese Armed Forces, which has

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                                                                                S/RES/2433 (2018)

           helped strengthen the capability of the Lebanese Armed Forces to provide security
           for Lebanon, and further noting the relevance of this increased capacity in relation to
           their efforts to coordinate with UNIFIL in the implementation of the UNIFIL mandate,
                 Recalling resolution 2378 (2017) and its request of the Secretary-General to
           ensure that data related to the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations, including
           peacekeeping performance data, is used to improve analytics and the evaluation of
           mission operations, based on clear and well identified benchmarks, and emphasizing
           the need to regularly evaluate UNIFIL’s performance such that the mission retains
           the skills and flexibility needed to effectively carry out its mandate,
                 Also recalling resolution 2242 (2015) and its request of the Secretary-General
           to initiate, in collaboration with Member States, a revised strategy, within existing
           resources, to double the number of women in military and police contingents of UN
           peacekeeping operations,
                 Recognizing the need to regularly review all peacekeeping operations to ensure
           efficiency and effectiveness, including reviews of UNIFIL when appropriate, taking
           into account developments on the ground,
                 Bearing in mind the strategic priorities and recommendations identified by the
           Secretary-General in his letter of 12 March 2012 (S/2012/151) as a result of the
           Strategic Review of UNIFIL, taking note of his letter of 8 March 2017 (S/2017/202)
           as a result of the most recent Strategic Review of UNIFIL, and expressing the need
           for a follow-up and update,
                Calling upon Member States to assist the Lebanese Armed Forces as needed to
           enable it to perform its duties in line with resolution 1701 (2006),
                 Determining that the situation in Lebanon continues to constitute a threat to
           international peace and security,
                1.    Decides to extend the present mandate of UNIFIL until 31 August 2019;
                 2.   Commends the positive role of UNIFIL, whose deployment together with
           the Lebanese Armed Forces has helped to establish a new strategic environment in
           southern Lebanon, welcomes the expansion of coordinated activities between UNIFIL
           and the Lebanese Armed Forces, and calls for further enhancement of this cooperation
           without prejudice to UNIFIL’s mandate;
                3.     Affirms its strong continuing commitment to the existing UNIFIL mandate
           and calls for the full implementation of resolution 1701 (2006);
                 4.    Reiterates its call for Israel and Lebanon to support a permanent ceasefire
           and a long-term solution based on the principles and elements set out in paragraph 8
           of resolution 1701 (2006);
                 5.   Reaffirms the necessity of an effective and durable deployment of the
           Lebanese Armed Forces in southern Lebanon and the territorial waters of Lebanon at
           an accelerated pace to fully implement the provisions of resolution 1701 (2006) and
           requests the Secretary-General to include in his future reports assessments of progress
           made in this regard and calls for renewed engagement of UNIFIL and the Lebanese
           Armed Forces in the Strategic Dialogue, which aims at carrying out analysis of
           ground forces and maritime assets and setting a series of benchmarks reflecting the
           correlation between the capacities and responsibilities of UNIFIL vis -à-vis those of
           the Lebanese Armed Forces;
                6.    Recalls its request for precise timelines to be jointly and promptly
           elaborated by the Lebanese Armed Forces and the Secretary-General, for the
           deployments in paragraph 5, with a view to identifying Lebanese Armed Forces
           progress in implementing tasks mandated in resolution 1701 (2006);

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S/RES/2433 (2018)

                     7.    Calls for the Government of Lebanon to develop a plan to increase its
               naval capabilities, including with appropriate support from the international
               community, with the goal of ultimately decreasing UNIFIL’s Maritime Taskforce and
               transitioning its responsibilities to the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF), in close
               conjunction with the effective build-up of the capabilities of the Lebanese Navy, and
               requests that the Secretary-General present to the Security Council an assessment
               with recommendations within 6 months;
                     8.    Encourages the intention of the Government of Lebanon to deploy a model
               regiment and an offshore patrol vessel in UNIFIL’s area of operations to advance the
               implementation of resolution 1701 (2006) and the authority of the Lebanese State,
               recalls in this regard the joint statement issued at the end of the 15 March Rome
               Conference, in particular Lebanon’s concept for a new Model Regiment proposed in
               the context of the ongoing Strategic Dialogue between the LAF and UNIFIL, notes
               Lebanon’s proposed timeline for the deployment of the Model Regiment, and calls
               on the Lebanese Armed Forces and UNIFIL to strengthen their coordinated actions;
                     9.    Urges further international support for the Lebanese Armed Forces and all
               state security institutions, who are the only legitimate armed forces of Lebanon, in
               response to the capabilities development plan of the Lebanese Armed Forces, as well
               as in the framework of the International Support Group for Lebanon, through
               additional and expedited assistance in areas where the Lebanese Armed Forces are
               most critically in need of support, including counter-terrorism and border protection;
                     10. Condemns all violations of the Blue Line and strongly calls upon all parties
               to respect the cessation of hostilities, to prevent any violation of the Blue Line and to
               respect it in its entirety, and to cooperate fully with the United Nations and UNIFIL;
                     11. Welcomes the constructive role played by the Tripartite Mechanism in
               facilitating coordination and in de-escalating tensions, and recognizes the mission
               leadership’s active efforts, which has helped to further stabilize the situation along
               the Blue Line and build trust between the parties, and expresses in this regard strong
               support for the continued efforts of UNIFIL to engage with both parties to facilitate
               liaison, coordination, and practical arrangements on the ground and to continue to
               ensure that the Tripartite Mechanism enables the parties to discuss a wider range of
               issues;
                    12. Stresses the need to improve the management of UNIFIL civilian
               resources, including through fostering enhanced cooperation with the Office of the
               United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon (UNSCOL), with the goal of
               improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the missions, and requests that the
               Secretary-General provide recommendations on the matter by 31 December 2018;
                     13. Urges all parties to abide scrupulously by their obligation to respect the
               safety of UNIFIL and other United Nations personnel and calls for further cooperation
               between UNIFIL and the Lebanese Armed Forces in particular regarding coordinated
               and adjacent patrols, welcomes the commitment of the Lebanese authorities to protect
               UNIFIL movements and reiterates its call for the rapid finalization of the investigation
               launched by Lebanon regarding the 27 May, 26 July and 9 December 2011 attacks in
               order to bring to justice the perpetrators of these attacks;
                     14. Urges all parties to ensure that the freedom of movement of UNIFIL and
               UNIFIL’s access to the Blue Line in all its parts is fully respected and unimpeded, in
               conformity with its mandate and its rules of engagement, including by avoiding any
               course of action which endangers United Nations personnel, condemns all attempts
               to restrict the freedom of movement of UNIFIL’s personnel;
                    15. Urges all parties to cooperate fully with the Security Council and the
               Secretary-General to make tangible progress towards a permanent ceasefire and a

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                                                                                S/RES/2433 (2018)

           long-term solution as envisioned in resolution 1701 (2006) and on all outstanding
           issues in the implementation of Security Council resolutions 1701 (2006), 1680
           (2006) and 1559 (2004), and other relevant Security Council resolutions;
                 16. Urges the Government of Israel to expedite the withdrawal of its army
           from northern Ghajar without further delay in coordination with UNIFIL, which has
           actively engaged Israel and Lebanon to facilitate such a withdrawal;
                 17. Reaffirms its call on all States to fully support and respect the
           establishment between the Blue Line and the Litani River of an area free of any armed
           personnel, assets and weapons other than those of the Government of Lebanon and
           UNIFIL;
                  18. Recalls paragraph 15 of resolution 1701 (2006) according to which all
           States shall take the necessary measures to prevent, by their nationals or from their
           territories or using flag vessels or aircraft, the sale or supply of arms and related
           materiel to any entity or individual in Lebanon other than those authorized by the
           Government of Lebanon or UNIFIL;
                  19. Acting in support of a request from the Government of Lebanon to deploy
           an international force to assist it to exercise its authority throughout the territory,
           recalls its authorization to UNIFIL to take all necessary action in areas of deployment
           of its forces and as it deems within its capabilities, to ensure that its area of operations
           is not utilized for hostile activities of any kind, to resist attempts by forceful means
           to prevent it from discharging its duties under the mandate of the Security Council,
           and to protect United Nations personnel, facilities, installations and equipment,
           ensure the security and freedom of movement of United Nations personnel,
           humanitarian workers and, without prejudice to the responsibility of the Government
           of Lebanon, to protect civilians under imminent threat of physical violence;
                 20. Commends UNIFIL’s operational changes in line with resolution 2373
           (2017) and reiterates its request that the Secretary-General look at ways to enhance
           UNIFIL’s efforts as regards paragraph 12 of resolution 1701 (2006) and paragraph 14
           of this resolution, including ways to increase UNIFIL’s visible presence, including
           through patrols and inspections, within its existing mandate and capabilities;
                 21. Recalls the decision that UNIFIL shall assist the government of Lebanon,
           at its request, as set out in paragraph 14 of resolution 1701 (2006) and within its
           capabilities, to implement resolution 1701 (2006);
                 22. Welcomes the efforts being undertaken by UNIFIL to implement t he
           Secretary-General’s zero-tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to
           ensure full compliance of its personnel with the United Nations code of conduct,
           requests the Secretary-General to continue to take all necessary action in this regard
           and to keep the Security Council informed, and urges troop -contributing countries to
           take preventive and disciplinary action to ensure that such acts are properly
           investigated and punished in cases involving their personnel;
                 23. Welcomes the initiatives undertaken by the Secretary-General to
           standardize a culture of performance in UN peacekeeping, calls on him to continue
           his efforts to develop an integrated performance policy framework and apply it to
           UNIFIL, and requests the Secretary-General and the troop-contributing countries to
           seek to increase the number of women in UNIFIL, as well as to ensure the meaningful
           participation of women in all aspects of operations;
                24. Requests UNIFIL to take fully into account gender considerations as a
           cross-cutting issue throughout its mandate and to assist the Lebanese authorities in
           ensuring the full and effective participation, involvement and representation of

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S/RES/2433 (2018)

               women at all levels of decision-making, further requests enhanced reporting by
               UNIFIL to the Security Council on this issue;
                     25. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to report to the Council on the
               implementation of resolution 1701 (2006), every four months, or at any time as he
               deems appropriate, and to include in his reporting a prompt and detailed breakdown
               of all resolution 1701 (2006) violations, prompt and detailed reports on violations of
               the sovereignty of Lebanon, prompt and detailed reports on the restrictions to
               UNIFIL’s freedom of movement, an annex on the implementation on the arms
               embargo, reports on specific areas where UNIFIL does not access and on the reasons
               behind these restrictions, potential risks to the cessation of hostilities and UNIFIL’s
               response as well as reports on the implementation of the recommendations of the
               2016–2017 Strategic review and on additional identified efficiencies to most
               appropriately fulfil its mandated tasks; requests the Secretary-General to continue to
               provide concrete and detailed information on the aforementioned issues to the
               Council, in line with changes to enhance reporting since the adoption of resolution
               2373 (2017);
                     26. Stresses the importance of, and the need to achieve, a comprehensive, just
               and lasting peace in the Middle East, based on all its relevant resolutions including
               its resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967, 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973,
               1515 (2003) of 19 November 2003 and 1850 (2008) of 16 December 2008;
                    27.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

6/6                                                                                18-14358

Security Council resolution 2433 (2018) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) until 31 Aug. 2019]

UN Interim Force in Lebanon|Lebanon. Armed Forces|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|LEBANON|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION

S/73 [57] UN INTERIM FORCE IN LEBANON
S/73 [54] MIDDLE EAST SITUATION
S/73 [52] ISRAEL--LEBANON
S/ X The situation in the Middle East.


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2434 (2018)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                13 September 2018

               Resolution 2434 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8350th meeting, on
               13 September 2018

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolution 1970 (2011) and all its subsequent resolutions on Libya,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and national unity of Libya,
                   Taking note of the reports of the Secretary-General on the United Nations
               Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) (S/2018/140) and (S/2018/780),
                     Expressing its strong support for the ongoing efforts of UNSMIL and the Special
               Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG), Ghassan Salamé, reaffirming its
               endorsement of and full support for the United Nations Action Plan for Libya,
               reiterating its call for all Libyans to work together in the spirit of compromise as part
               of the inclusive political process under the leadership of the SRSG, and underscoring
               the importance of the United Nations central role in facilitating a Libyan -led and
               Libyan-owned political solution to bring security, political and economic
               sustainability and national unity to Libya,
                     Welcoming the UN-brokered ceasefire in Tripoli, recalling the Security Council
               Press Statement of 6 September condemning violence in Tripoli and calling on all
               parties to exercise restraint, protect civilians and engage seriously in national
               reconciliation,
                     Recalling its resolution 2259 (2015) which endorses the Rome Communiqué of
               13 December 2015 to support the Government of National Accord (GNA) as the sole
               legitimate government of Libya, with Prime Minister Fayez Serraj as the leader of the
               Presidency Council,
                     Reiterating its support for the full implementation of the Libyan Political
               Agreement (LPA) of Skhirat, Morocco signed on 17 December 2015 to form a GNA
               consisting of the Presidency Council and Cabinet supported by the other institutions
               of state including the House of Representatives and State Council,
                     Welcoming the endorsement in principle of the LPA by the House of
               Representatives on 25 January 2016 and the subsequent meetings of the Libyan
               Political Dialogue which reaffirmed its commitment to uphold the LPA, and
               reaffirming that the LPA remains the only viable framework to end the Libyan
               political crisis,

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S/RES/2434 (2018)

                     Emphasizing the importance of continued inclusiveness, strongly encouraging
               the GNA to engage with all parties in support of reconciliation and to enhance
               political outreach throughout Libya, and urging all parties and institutions in Libya
               to engage constructively with the LPA in good faith and with sustained political will,
                      Welcoming recent efforts to strengthen an inclusive political dialogue among all
               Libyans, including important efforts by Libya’s neighbours, international partners
               and regional organizations, and the meeting in Paris on 25 July 2017 and the Joint
               Declaration issued after the meeting as set out in a Security Council press statement
               on 27 July 2017, within the framework of the LPA endorsed by resolution 2259
               (2015), and supporting the Secretary-General’s call to consolidate the various
               initiatives under the leadership of the United Nations,
                     Welcoming the National Conference process launched by the SRSG which led
               to dialogue sessions amongst Libyan communities across the country, with seventysix events in forty-three locations,
                     Recalling its Presidential Statement of 6 June 2018, taking note of the SRSG’s
               call on 21 May 2018 for parliamentary and presidential elections to be held in Libya
               as soon as possible, provided the necessary security, technical, legislative and
               political conditions are in place, and welcoming the momentum generated by the
               international conference on Libya hosted in Paris on 29 May 2018, recalling the
               SRSG’s urgent call to Libyan leaders to stand by their commitments in Paris, as well
               as the commitment of the Libyan parties to work constructively with the UN to
               organize credible and peaceful parliamentary and Presidential elections, and to
               respect the results of these elections,
                     Welcoming the work of the High National Electoral Commission in preparing
               for electoral events and the efforts of the Central Committee for Municipal Council
               Elections to conduct municipal elections, and further welcoming UNSMIL’s support
               for this work,
                     Recognizing the key role of the SRSG in consulting with Libyan parties to set
               the constitutional basis for elections and to adopt the necessary electoral laws,
                     Reiterating its call on all Libyans to improve the atmosphere for national
               elections by all means possible, including by working constructively towards the
               unification of Libya’s military and economic institutions; unified and strengthened
               national security forces, under civilian government authority; and unification of the
               Libyan Central Bank,
                     Stressing that ensuring security and defending Libya from terrorism must be the
               task of unified and strengthened national security forces under the sole authority of
               the GNA in accordance with the LPA,
                     Recalling events in the Oil Crescent and the Security Council’s Press Statement
               of 19 July 2018 welcoming the announcement that Libya ’s National Oil Corporation
               (NOC) had resumed its work on behalf, and for the benefit, of all Libyans to whom
               Libya’s oil resources belong, that Libya’s oil resources need to remain under the
               exclusive control of the NOC, and that the GNA retains sole oversight over Libya ’s
               economic and financial institutions,
                    Recalling the need for Member States to cease support to and official contact
               with parallel institutions that claim to be the legitimate authority but are outside of
               the LPA, as stipulated by it,
                     Urging the full, equal and effective participation of women in all activities
               relating to the democratic transition, conflict resolution and peacebuilding,
               supporting the efforts of the SRSG to facilitate wider engagement and participation

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           of women from across the spectrum of Libyan society in the political process and
           public institutions,
                 Calling on the Libyan authorities to prevent and respond to sexual violence in
           conflict, including ending impunity for sexual and gender-based violence crimes in
           line with relevant Security Council resolutions, including its resolutions 1325 (2000),
           2106 (2013), 2122 (2013), 2242 (2015) and 2331 (2016),
                 Reaffirming the need for all parties in Libya to engage constructively with the
           United Nations and refrain from any actions that could undermine UN -mediated
           political dialogue and reiterating that there can be no military solution in Libya,
                 Further reaffirming that all parties must comply with their obligations under
           international humanitarian law and international human rights law, as applicable, and
           emphasizing that those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law
           and violations and abuses of human rights must be held accountable,
                Encouraging the GNA to finalize interim security arrangements for stabilizing
           Libya as a critical step towards tackling Libya’s political, security, humanitarian,
           economic and institutional challenges, recognizing the need for the GNA to plan for
           disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of armed groups in that regard, and
           encouraging the GNA to continue stabilization efforts in affected cities to consolidate
           gains against terrorism,
                 Expressing grave concern at the deteriorating humanitarian situation in Libya,
           including deteriorating living standards, insufficient provision of basic services, and
           at the situation faced by migrants, refugees and internally displaced people, and
           calling on all parties to respect international law, including international humanitarian
           law and international human rights law, as applicable, and further calling on the
           Libyan authorities to take all steps necessary to investigate violations and abuses,
           including torture, sexual and gender-based violence, and mistreatment in prisons and
           detention centres, and to hold those responsible to account,
                 Reiterating its concern at the smuggling of migrants and refugees and human
           trafficking through Libya, emphasizing the decision to sanction six human traffickers
           and migrant smugglers in Libya on 8 June 2018 and welcoming the work of UNSMIL
           in coordinating and supporting the provision of humanitarian assistance for refugees
           and migrants through the UN Country Team, particularly the UN High Commissio ner
           for Refugees and the International Organization for Migration, ensuring compliance
           with the Human Rights Due Diligence Policy,
                 Taking note of the economic dialogue taking place in Libya and the region,
           welcoming UNSMIL’s role in support of the dialogue towards economic reform,
           further welcoming the commitment of the representatives of the Presidency Council,
           the Government of National Accord, the Central Bank of Libya, the Audit Bureau and
           the National Oil Corporation to alleviate urgently the sufferin g of the Libyan people
           by speeding up the delivery of public services, improving liquidity, addressing the
           economy of predation, such as the black market foreign exchange rate, and welcoming
           the increase in oil production,
                 Encouraging the GNA and the Central Bank of Libya to implement, without
           further delay, agreed upon and much needed economic measures, recalling the request
           to UNSMIL and the SRSG, at the request of Prime Minister Serraj, to support the
           facilitation of a financial review of economic and financial institutions, to support
           efforts of reunifying these institutions, and emphasizing the importance of
           collaboration with international financial institutions,
               Reiterating its request that all Member States support fully the efforts of the
           SRSG and work with the Libyan authorities and UNSMIL to develop a coordinated

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               package of support to build the capacity of the GNA, in line with Libyan priorities
               and in response to requests for assistance, and further reiterating its call upon all
               parties to cooperate fully with the activities of UNSMIL, including taking necessary
               steps to ensure the security and unhindered movement of United Nations and
               associated personnel,
                     Encouraging UNSMIL to continue to prioritize its tasks and mediation efforts
               in full consultation with the Presidency Council and other Libyan institutions and in
               response to its needs and the evolving situation in the country,
                     Underscoring the importance of ensuring that existing sanctions measures are
               fully implemented and that cooperation continues with Libyan authorities to ensure
               violations are reported to the United Nations Sanctions Committee, and recalling in
               that regard that individuals or entities engaging in, or providing support for, acts that
               threaten the peace, stability or security of Libya may be designated for targeted
               sanctions, pursuant to resolution 2213 (2015),
                    Recalling its determination in its resolution 2213 (2015) that the situation in
               Libya continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security,
                     1.   Decides to extend until 15 September 2019 the mandate of UNSMIL,
               under the leadership of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, as an
               integrated special political mission, in full accordance with the principles of national
               ownership to exercise mediation and good offices to support:
                    (i)    an inclusive political process and security and economic dialogue within
                           the framework of the Libyan Political Agreement and UN Action Plan;
                    (ii)   continued implementation of the Libyan Political Agreement;
                    (iii) consolidation of the governance, security and economic arrangements of
                          the Government of National Accord, including support for economic
                          reform in collaboration with international financial institutions; and
                    (iv) subsequent phases of the Libyan transition process, including the
                         constitutional process and the organization of elections;
                    2.   Further decides that UNSMIL, within operational and security constraints,
               should undertake the following tasks:
                    (i)    support to key Libyan institutions;
                    (ii)   support, on request, for the provision of essential services, and delivery of
                           humanitarian assistance and in accordance with humanitarian principles;
                    (iii) human rights monitoring and reporting;
                    (iv) support for securing uncontrolled arms and related materiel and countering
                         their proliferation; and
                    (v)    co-ordination of international assistance, and provision of advice and
                           assistance to GNA-led efforts to stabilize post-conflict zones, including
                           those liberated from Da’esh;
                     3.    Requests the Secretary-General to reassess a series of detailed objectives
               for the implementation of UNSMIL’s mandated tasks, to include a particular focus
               on the steps required to set the constitutional basis for elections and to advance the
               political process from its current trajectory, and to report on progress towards these
               objectives in his regular reporting;
                     4.    Requests UNSMIL to take fully into account a gender perspective
               throughout its mandate and to assist the GNA in ensuring the full and effective
               participation of women in the democratic transition, reconciliation efforts, the

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           security sector and in national institutions, as well as the protection of women and
           girls from sexual and gender-based violence, in line with resolution 1325 (2000);
                 5.    Recognizes that since 30 March 2016 UNSMIL has facilitated a consistent
           presence in Libya to support the Presidency Council and Temporary Security
           Committee and welcomes UNSMIL’s progress in re-establishing a presence in Tripoli
           and its plans to re-establish a presence in Benghazi and other parts of Libya, through
           a phased return, as security conditions allow and to make the necessary security
           arrangements to this effect;
                6.    Welcomes progress, and encourages continued work towards,
           comprehensive political strategy as well as the greater integration with and strategic
           co-ordination of UNSMIL and United Nations agencies, funds and programmes in
           Libya to support GNA-led efforts towards the stabilization of Libya;
               7.    Requests the Secretary-General to continue to report to the Security
           Council on the implementation of this resolution at least every 60 days;
                 8.   Requests the Secretary-General to report as necessary following
           consultations with the Libyan authorities on recommendations for UNSMIL ’s support
           to the subsequent phases of the Libyan transition process and UNSMIL ’s security
           arrangements;
                9.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2434 (2018) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 15 Sept. 2019]

UN Support Mission in Libya|SPECIAL MISSIONS|LIBYA

S/73 [220] UN SUPPORT MISSION IN LIBYA
S/73 [219] LIBYA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Libya.