               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2542 (2020)
               Security Council                                                   Distr.: General
                                                                                15 September 2020

               Resolution 2542 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8758th meeting, on
               15 September 2020

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolution 1970 (2011) and all its subsequent resolutions on Libya,
               including resolutions 2259 (2015), 2486 (2019) and 2510 (2020),
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and national unity of Libya,
                    Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support
               Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) (S/2020/832),
                     Expressing its strong support for the ongoing efforts of UNSMIL and thanking
               former Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Ghassan Salamé, for all his
               tireless work and Acting Special Representative of the Secretary -General Stephanie
               Williams for her efforts,
                    Underscoring the importance of the United Nations’ central role in facilitating
               a Libyan-led and Libyan-owned inclusive political process and in achieving a lasting
               ceasefire,
                    Recognising the need for increasing and enhancing dialogue with both the
               Libyan parties and international actors in order to facilitate a Libyan -led and
               Libyan-owned inclusive political process, and further recognising the urgency of the
               Secretary-General appointing a Special Envoy on Libya,
                    Calling on all parties to work together in the spirit of compromise, to refrain
               from any actions that could undermine the political process, to exercise restraint, to
               protect civilians and to engage seriously in national reconciliation, recalling that there
               can be no military solution in Libya, and reiterating calls for all parties to commit
               without delay to a lasting ceasefire and political dialogue under the leade rship of the
               Special Envoy of the Secretary-General,
                     Expressing grave concern over ongoing hostilities in Libya, and the targeting
               and destruction of civilian objects, further expressing concern over the exploitation
               of the conflict by terrorist and violent extremist groups, and noting the impact of the
               conflict on neighbouring countries and the region,
                     Urging the parties to ensure the full, equal, effective and meaningful
               participation of women in all activities and decision-making relating to democratic
               transition, conflict resolution and peacebuilding, recognising the need to protect

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               women’s rights organisations, and women peacebuilders from threats and reprisals
               and supporting the efforts of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General and
               UNSMIL to facilitate wider engagement and participation of women from across the
               spectrum of Libyan society in the political process and public institutions, recognising
               that the political process should be inclusive of all Libyans,
                    Urging the full, effective and meaningful participation of youth in peace efforts,
                    Recalling the commitment of the Libyan parties to work constructively with the
               UN to organise credible and peaceful parliamentary and Presidential elections and to
               respect the results of these elections, as agreed by the Libyan parties in Paris in May
               2018, in Palermo in November 2018, and in Abu Dhabi in February 2019, welcoming
               the continued work of the High National Electoral Commission and the Central
               Committee for Municipal Council Elections to prepare for and conduct national and
               municipal elections, further welcoming UNSMIL’s support for this work, and
               recognising the key role of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General and UNSMIL
               in consulting with Libyan parties to set the constitutional basis for elections and to
               adopt the necessary electoral laws,
                    Reiterating its call on all Libyans to work constructively towards the unification
               of Libya’s military and economic institutions; establishing unified and strengthened
               national security forces under civilian government authority; and a unified Libyan
               Central Bank,
                     Recognising the need to plan for the disarmament, demobilisation and
               reintegration of armed groups, security sector reform and to establish an inclusive,
               civilian-led security architecture for Libya as a whole,
                     Welcoming the economic dialogue taking place in Libya and the region and
               UNSMIL’s role in support, calling on the Libyan authorities to work towards
               reunification of economic institutions, to restore vital infrastructure, to improve
               service delivery and improve the transparency and accountabili ty of public
               institutions, further welcoming UNSMIL’s role in supporting an independent audit of
               the Central Bank, emphasising the importance of collaboration with international
               financial institutions, and expressing concern at the interference by armed groups in
               Libya’s sovereign institutions,
                     Recalling that Libya’s oil resources are for the benefit of all Libyans and need
               to remain under the exclusive control of the National Oil Corporation, condemning
               the forced shutdown of oil facilities and recalling that the Government of National
               Accord (GNA) retains sole oversight over Libya’s economic and financial
               institutions, with a responsibility to ensure the transparent, equitable and accountable
               management of revenue across the whole country,
                     Recalling the need for Member States to cease support to and official contact
               with parallel institutions outside of the Libyan Political Agreement (LPA), as
               stipulated therein,
                     Expressing grave concern at the deteriorating humanitarian situation in Libya,
               including deteriorating living standards and insufficient provision of basic services,
               and at the situation faced by migrants, refugees and internally displaced people,
               including their exposure to sexual and gender-based violence, and calling on the
               Libyan authorities to take steps towards the closing of detention centres and to
               alleviate urgently the suffering of all people in Libya by speeding up the delivery of
               public services to all parts of the country,
                     Urging all parties to implement the relevant resolutions on the Women, Peace
               and Security Agenda and to prevent and respond to sexual violence in conflict, and
               calling on the Libyan authorities to end impunity for sexual and gender-based

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           violence crimes in line with relevant Security Council resolutions, including
           resolution 1325 (2000),
               Recalling resolution 2510 (2020) which demanded that all parties to the conflict
           comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law,
                Emphasising that those responsible for violations of international humanitarian
           law and violations and abuses of human rights must be held accountable,
                 Calling on the Libyan authorities to take all steps necessary to investigat e
           violations of international human rights law and reports of abuses of human rights,
           including torture, sexual and gender-based violence, and mistreatment in prisons and
           detention centres, and to hold those responsible to account,
                 Recalling the importance of the protection of children, as set out in relevant
           Security Council resolutions, and taking appropriate measures in this regard,
           expressing concern about reported violations and abuses against children in Libya in
           particular those involving the killing and maiming of children, the abductions of
           children, sexual violence committed against children, the recruitment or use of
           children, the denial of humanitarian access for children and attacks against schools
           and hospitals in violation of international law, and urging all parties to immediately
           end such practices,
                Reiterating its grave concern at the smuggling of migrants and refugees and
           human trafficking through Libya, and welcoming the work of UNSMIL in
           coordinating and supporting the provision of humanitarian assistance for refugees and
           migrants,
                 Recalling resolution 2532 (2020), expressing grave concern about the
           devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Libya and noting the restrictions
           on international travel caused by the COVID-19 pandemic,
                 Reiterating its request that all Member States support fully the efforts of the
           Special Envoy of the Secretary-General and UNSMIL, calling on Member States to
           use their influence with the parties to bring about a lasting ceasefire and inclusive
           political process, recognising the important role of neighbouring countries and
           regional organisations, notably the African Union, League of Arab States and the
           European Union, further reiterating its call upon all parties to cooperate fully with
           the activities of UNSMIL, including taking all necessary steps to ensure the security
           and unhindered movement of United Nations and associated personnel and thanking
           the Government of Tunisia for its support,
                 Recalling the commitment of the participants of the Berlin Conference to refrain
           from interference in the armed conflict or in the internal affairs of Libya and their call
           on international actors to do the same,
                 Underscoring the importance of ensuring that existing sanctions measures are
           fully implemented and that violations are reported to the United Nations Sanctions
           Committee, established pursuant to resolution 1970 (2011), and recalling in that
           regard that individuals or entities engaging in, or providing support for, acts that
           threaten the peace, stability or security of Libya may be designated for targeted
           sanctions, pursuant to resolution 2441 (2018) and subsequent resolutions,
                 Calling for full compliance with the arms embargo by all Member States, in line
           with resolution 2441 (2018) and all of its subsequent and previous resolutions on the
           embargo, and further calling on all Member States not to intervene in the conflict or
           take measures that exacerbate the conflict,
                Recalling its determination in its resolution 2213 (2015) that the situation in
           Libya continues to constitute a threat to international peace and secur ity,

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                    1.    Decides to extend until 15 September 2021 the mandate of UNSMIL, as
               an integrated special political mission, in full accordance with the principles of
               national ownership, to exercise mediation and through its good offices to:
                    (i)    further an inclusive political process and security and economic dialogue;
                    (ii)   further the continued implementation of the LPA;
                     (iii) help consolidate the governance, security and economic arrangements of
               the Government of National Accord, including support for economi c reform in
               collaboration with international financial institutions;
                    (iv) help to achieve a ceasefire and, once it is agreed by the Libyan parties,
               provide appropriate support to its implementation;
                    (v) support subsequent phases of the Libyan transition process, including the
               constitutional process and the organisation of elections;
                    (vi) coordinate and engage closely with international actors including
               neighbouring countries and regional organisations;
                    (vii) provide support to key Libyan institutions;
                    (viii) support, on request, the provision of essential services and delivery of
               humanitarian assistance, including in response to the COVID -19 pandemic, in
               accordance with humanitarian principles;
                    (ix) monitor and report abuses and violations of human rig hts and violations
               of international humanitarian law, including sexual violence in conflict, notably
               through the effective deployment of women and child protection advisers;
                    (x) provide support in securing uncontrolled arms and related materiel and
               countering their proliferation; and
                     (xi) co-ordinate international assistance, and provision of advice and
               assistance to GNA-led efforts to stabilise post-conflict zones, including those
               liberated from Da’esh;
                     2.    Further decides that UNSMIL should be led by a Special Envoy of the
               Secretary-General who should exercise overall leadership of UNSMIL with a
               particular focus on good offices and mediation with Libyan and international actors
               to end the conflict and that, under the authority of the Special Envoy, an UNSMIL
               Coordinator shall be in charge of UNSMIL’s day-to-day operations and management
               and requests that the Secretary-General appoint his Special Envoy without delay;
                    3.   Requests that UNSMIL shall report to the Security Council through the
               Special Envoy of the Secretary-General;
                     4.    Requests the Secretary-General to assess the steps required to reach a
               lasting ceasefire, the possible role of UNSMIL in providing scalable ceasefire support
               alongside his interim report on the proposals for effective ceasefire monitoring under
               the auspices of the UN, and his recommendations to the Council on the options
               reflected in the operationalisation paper as contained in S/2020/63, as requested in
               resolution 2510 (2020), which should be submitted, with the necessary updates, no
               later than 60 days after the adoption of this resolution, and the steps required to
               advance the political process from its current trajectory, and to include a report on
               progress towards these objectives in his regular reporting;

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                5.   Requests that the Secretary-General, in accordance with best practices,
           conduct and provide the Security Council, no later than 31 July 2021, with an
           independent strategic review of UNSMIL, including:
                 (i) an assessment and recommendations for improving the efficiency of
           UNSMIL’s overall mission structure, prioritisation of tasks and the capacity and
           effectiveness of staffing, including on mediation and peace process management;
                 (ii) further assessment of the options for effective ceasefire monitoring under
           the auspices of the UN including additional recommendations as necessary;
                6.   Requests the Secretary-General to include in his regular reporting
           UN efforts to address the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of the COVID-19
           pandemic on the ability of UNSMIL to deliver its mandated tasks;
                 7.   Recalls its decision that all Member States shall comply with the arms
           embargo, demands full compliance including by all Member States with the arms
           embargo imposed under resolution 1970 (2011), as modified by subsequent
           resolutions, including by ceasing all support for and withdrawing all armed mercenary
           personnel and demands all Member States not to intervene in the conflict or take
           measures that exacerbate the conflict, welcomes efforts by the Libya Sanctions
           Committee’s Panel of Experts to investigate violations of the arms embargo, further
           welcomes the cooperation between the relevant United Nations bodies, includi ng
           UNSMIL, and other interested parties with the Panel of Experts and notes its intention
           to hold those who violate the arms embargo accountable through its Sanctions
           Committee;
                8.     Requests UNSMIL to take fully into account a gender perspective
           throughout its mandate and to assist the GNA in ensuring the full, effective and
           meaningful participation and leadership of women in the democratic transition,
           reconciliation efforts, the security sector and in national institutions, as well as the
           protection of women and girls from sexual and gender-based violence including
           sexual violence in conflict, in line with resolution 1325 (2000) and further requests
           enhanced reporting by UNSMIL on these issues;
                9.    Welcomes progress in, and encourages continued work towards, a
           comprehensive political strategy, as well as the greater integration and strategic
           co-ordination of UNSMIL and United Nations agencies, funds and programmes in
           Libya to support GNA-led efforts towards the stabilisation of Libya and requests the
           Secretary-General to include updates on progress in his regular reporting;
               10. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to report to the Security
           Council on the implementation of this resolution at least e very 60 days;
                 11. Requests the Secretary-General to report as necessary following
           consultations with the Libyan authorities on recommendations for UNSMIL’s support
           to the subsequent phases of the Libyan transition process and UNSMIL’s security
           arrangements to ensure it remains agile and responsive to developments on the
           ground;
                12.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2542 (2020) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) until 15 Sept. 2021]

UN Support Mission in Libya|UN. Special Envoy of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya|SPECIAL MISSIONS|GOOD OFFICES|LIBYA

S/75 [220] UN SUPPORT MISSION IN LIBYA
S/75 [219] LIBYA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Libya.


               United Nations                                                                 S/RES/2543 (2020)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               15 September 2020

               Resolution 2543 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8759th meeting, on
               15 September 2020

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions on Afghanistan, in particular its resolution
               2489 (2019) extending through 17 September 2020 the mandate of the United Nations
               Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA),
                    Stressing the important role that the United Nations will continue to play in
               promoting peace and stability in Afghanistan, while also addressing the challenges
               facing the country and its people, especially consequences of the COVID -19
               pandemic, recognizing that the impact of the pandemic presents a profound challenge
               to Afghanistan’s health system, socio-economic and humanitarian situations, and is
               worsening the food crisis and acknowledging the launch of the Global Humanitarian
               Response Plan for COVID-19 by the United Nations, which puts the people at the
               center of the response, as well as recognizing the efforts and measures taken by the
               Government of Afghanistan in response to COVID-19,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, ter ritorial
               integrity and national unity of Afghanistan, as well as its continued support for the
               Government and people of Afghanistan,
                     Recognizing that a sustainable peace can be achieved only through a
               comprehensive and inclusive Afghan-led and Afghan-owned political process that
               aims at a permanent and comprehensive ceasefire as well as an inclusive political
               settlement to end the conflict in Afghanistan and reaffirming the importance of the
               United Nations in this regard, as well as welcoming the efforts of all regional and
               international partners of Afghanistan and recognizing the efforts of the Government
               of Afghanistan and of all other Afghan actors in facilitating intra -Afghan
               negotiations,
                     Calling for an inclusive and meaningful peace process with the participation of
               women, youth and ethnic, religious and other minorities and underlining that the
               economic, social, political and development gains made in the last 19 years as well
               as respect for human rights, especially for women, children and minorities , must be
               protected and built upon,
                     Recalling the desire of the Government and the people of Afghanistan to
               reinvigorate their country’s standing as a platform of international cooperation, and
               in this regard welcoming the efforts of regional and international partners and

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               organizations in advancing sustainable development, regional connectivity, and
               reconstruction, which is vital to ensuring stability and economic prosperity in
               Afghanistan,
                    Welcoming the international community’s continued support for a peaceful,
               secure, stable and prosperous Afghanistan and expecting a renewal of strategic
               consensus and commitment between the international community and the
               Government of Afghanistan in the forthcoming Afghanistan Donors’ Conference in
               Geneva,
                    Expressing its deep concern about the continuing high level of violence and the
               security situation in Afghanistan, especially the number of civilian casualties, and
               stressing the importance of sustained efforts to reduce violence,
                     Further expressing its deep concern about the threat posed by terrorism to
               Afghanistan and the region, expressing serious concern over the continuing presence
               of Al-Qaida, ISIL as well as other international terrorist organizations and t heir
               affiliated groups in Afghanistan, condemning in the strongest terms all terrorist
               activity and all terrorist attacks, and reaffirming the importance of ensuring that the
               territory of Afghanistan should not be used by Al-Qaida, ISIL or other international
               terrorist groups to threaten or attack any other country, and that neither the Taliban
               nor any other Afghan group or individual should support terrorists operating on the
               territory of any country,
                     Emphasizing the importance of supporting the Government of Afghanistan in
               capacity building, in particular of the Afghan National Defence and Security Forces
               (ANDSF) including the Afghan National Police (ANP) in securing their country and
               in their fight against terrorism,
                      Expressing concern over the cultivation, production, trade and trafficking of
               illicit drugs in Afghanistan which continue to pose a threat to peace and stability in
               the region and beyond, calling upon states to strengthen international and regional
               cooperation to counter this threat and recognizing the important role of the United
               Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in this context,
                    Noting the ongoing work of the Committee established pursuant to Security
               Council resolution 1988 (2011) and the continuation of the cooperation of the Afghan
               Government and UNAMA with the Committee, including its Analytical Support and
               Sanctions Monitoring Team,
                    1.   Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 18 August 2020
               (S/2020/809);
                     2.      Expresses its appreciation for the United Nations’ long-term commitment
               to support the Government and the people of Afghanistan and reiterates its full
               support to the work of UNAMA and the Special Representative of the Secretary -
               General, and stresses the need to ensure continued adequate resourcing for UNAMA
               to fulfil its mandate;
                    3.   Welcomes UNAMA’s ongoing efforts in the implementation of the
               mandated tasks, priorities and related resources of UNAMA especially during the
               COVID-19 pandemic, and calls for the implementation of the recommendations of
               the Secretary-General’s call for a global ceasefire as supported in resolution
               2532 (2020);
                     4.   Welcomes the start of intra-Afghan negotiations in Doha, Qatar on
               12 September 2020, strongly encourages parties to the negotiations to continue
               pursuing confidence-building measures including additional reductions in violence,
               further encourages parties to the negotiations to engage in good faith with the aim of
               a permanent and comprehensive ceasefire and an inclusive political settlement to end

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           the conflict in Afghanistan, and emphasizes the importance of the implementation of
           resolution 2513 (2020);
                5.    Decides to extend until 17 September 2021 the mandate of UNAMA, as
           defined in its resolutions 1662 (2006), 1746 (2007), 1806 (2008), 1868 (2009), 1917
           (2010), 1974 (2011), 2041 (2012), 2096 (2013), 2145 (2014), 2210 (2015), 2274
           (2016), 2344 (2017), 2405 (2018), 2460 (2019), 2489 (2019);
                 6.   Decides further that UNAMA and the Special Representative of the
           Secretary-General, within their mandate and in a manner consistent with Afghan
           sovereignty, leadership and ownership, will continue to lead and coordinate the
           international civilian efforts, in full cooperation with the Gover nment of Afghanistan
           and in accordance with the relevant international communiqués, with a particular
           focus on the priorities laid out below:
                 (a) provide outreach as well as good offices to support, if requested by and in
           close consultation with the Government of Afghanistan, the Afghan-led and
           Afghan-owned peace process, particularly in view of intra-Afghan negotiations
           started in Doha on 12 September 2020, proposing and supporting confidence -building
           measures within the framework of the Afghan Constitution and with full respect for
           the implementation of measures and application of the procedures introduced by the
           Security Council in resolutions 1267 (1999), 1988 (2011) and its other relevant
           resolutions;
                 (b) support, in close consultation and coordination with the Government of
           Afghanistan, the organization of future timely, credible, transparent, and inclusive
           Afghan elections, work closely with the election management bodies, supporting
           them to deliver a robust and transparent results management process, coordinate
           international community efforts and strengthen, in support of the Government of
           Afghanistan’s electoral reform efforts, the sustainability, integrity and inclusiveness
           of the electoral process, as well as increase efforts to provide capacity -building and
           technical assistance to the election management bodies and other relevant Afghan
           institutions involved in this process;
                 (c) promote, as co-chair of the Joint Coordination and Monitoring Board
           (JCMB), coherent support by the international community to the development and
           governance priorities of the Government of Afghanistan, including through
           supporting the ongoing development and sequencing of the Government’s reform
           agenda, mobilization of resources, coordination of international donors and
           organizations as facilitator and co-convener of development policy fora, at the same
           time, coordinate international partners for follow -up, in particular through
           information sharing, and support efforts to increase accountability, transparency, and
           effectiveness of aid use, including cost-effectiveness, in line with the commitments
           made at the Geneva Conference in 2018 and to be reviewed at the forth coming
           Afghanistan Donors’ Conference in Geneva;
                 (d) support regional cooperation, with a view to promoting stability and peace,
           as well as assisting Afghanistan in utilizing its role at the heart of Asia to promote
           regional cooperation and connectivity, and to work towards a prosperous Afghanistan,
           building on the achievements made, to promote partnership on connectivity, based on
           transparency, openness, and inclusiveness, welcome joint efforts to enhance dialogue
           and collaboration and to advance shared goals of economic development across the
           region;
                (e) continue, with the support of the Office of the United Nations High
           Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), to cooperate with and strengthen the
           capacity of the Government of Afghanistan, the Afghanistan Independent Human
           Rights Commission (AIHRC), and civil society in the protection and promotion of

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               human rights, to cooperate also with the Government of Afghanistan and relevant
               international and local non-governmental organizations to monitor the situation of
               civilians, to coordinate efforts to ensure their protection, to monitor places of
               detention, and the treatment of those deprived of their liberty, to promote
               accountability, and advise, in close consultation with the Government of Afghanistan,
               stakeholders on the establishment and implementation of judicial and non -judicial
               processes to address the legacy of large-scale human rights violations and abuses as
               well as international crimes and to prevent their recurrence and to assist in the full
               implementation of the fundamental freedoms and human rights provisions of the
               Afghan Constitution and international treaties to which Afghanistan is a State party,
               in particular those regarding the full enjoyment by women of their human rights,
               including the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against
               Women (CEDAW);
                     (f) support in this regard the importance of gender equality and women’s and
               girls’ empowerment, education, human rights, and the full, safe, equal, effective and
               meaningful participation, engagement and leadership of women in all levels of
               decision-making, including in peace talks, overall peacebuilding strategies, at the
               national and subnational level, call on the Government of Afghanistan and the
               international community to fully implement and finance the 1325 National Action
               Plan and to ensure the protection of civilians, especially women, children, displaced
               persons, and minorities, including from sexual- and gender-based violence, and that
               perpetrators of such violence and abuse are held accountable;
                     (g) strengthen capacity to report on violations and abuses against children, and
               to support efforts to strengthen the protection of children affected by armed conflict,
               including through engagement with all parties to the conflic t to undertake specific
               commitments and measures to end and prevent violations and abuses against children
               and sustained dialogue with the Government of Afghanistan on the swift and full
               implementation of the Action Plan and Road Map to End and Prevent Chi ld
               Recruitment;
                     (h) support the efforts of the Government of Afghanistan in fulfilling its
               commitments to improve governance and the rule of law, including transitional justice
               as an essential component of the ongoing peace process, budget execution and t he
               fight against corruption throughout the country;
                     (i) coordinate and facilitate the delivery of humanitarian assistance efforts
               and work towards improving the accessibility of humanitarian assistance, in support
               of Afghans in need and consistent with humanitarian principles, including by
               providing effective support as appropriate to national and local authorities in assisting
               and protecting internally displaced persons and to creating conditions conducive to a
               voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of internally displaced persons and
               refugee populations to one’s home or local integration or resettlement, with a
               particular focus on durable development solutions to these issues;
                     (j) promote, through an appropriate UNAMA presence and in support o f the
               efforts of the Government of Afghanistan, enhanced cooperation with the United
               Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC);
                    (k) closely coordinate and cooperate, where relevant, with the non -combat
               Resolute Support Mission agreed upon between NATO and the Government of
               Afghanistan, as well as with the NATO Senior Civilian Representative;
                    7.    Stresses the critical importance of a continued and appropriate presence of
               UNAMA and other United Nations Agencies, Funds and Programmes in the
               provinces, based on a “One UN” approach and in close consultation and coordination
               with and in support of the priorities of the Government of Afghanistan;

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                 8.    Calls on UNAMA and the Special Representative to further increase
           efforts to achieve greater coherence, coordination and efficiency among relevant
           United Nations Agencies, Funds and Programmes in Afghanistan with a view to
           maximizing their collective effectiveness in full alignment with the reform agenda of
           the Government of Afghanistan, and to continuing to lead international civilian efforts
           in full cooperation with the Government of Afghanistan aimed at reinforcing the role
           of Afghan institutions to perform their responsibilities;
                 9.   Calls upon all Afghan and international parties to coordinate with
           UNAMA in the implementation of its mandate and in efforts to promote the security
           and freedom of movement of United Nations and associated personnel throughout the
           country, notes that UNAMA staff are deployed in deteriorating and complex security
           and health environments and stresses the importance of measures to ensure the safety,
           security and health support of the mission;
                10. Requests that the Secretary-General reports to the Council every three
           months on developments in Afghanistan including the security situation, and to
           include in his reports an evaluation of progress made against the benchmarks for
           measuring and tracking progress in the implementation of UNAMA’s mandate,
           including at the subnational level, and priorities as set out in this resolution;
                11.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2543 (2020) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) until 17 Sept. 2021]

UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|GOOD OFFICES|AFGHANISTAN

S/75 [47] UN ASSISTANCE MISSION IN AFGHANISTAN
S/75 [46] AFGHANISTAN SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Afghanistan.


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2544 (2020)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                18 September 2020

               Resolution 2544 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council on 18 September 2020

                    The Security Council,
                    Reaffirming its resolutions 1265 (1999), 1325 (2000), 1368 (2001), 1373 (2001),
               1624 (2005), 1894 (2009), 2106 (2013), 2150 (2014), 2170 (2014), 2178 (2014), 2199
               (2015), 2242 (2015), 2249 (2015), 2253 (2015), 2322 (2016), 2331 (2016), 2341
               (2017), 2347 (2017), 2354 (2017), 2367 (2017), 2368 (2017), 2370 (2017), 2490
               (2019) and its relevant presidential statements,
                    Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence
               and unity of Iraq, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the
               United Nations,
                     Recalling that the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as
               Da’esh) constitutes a global threat to international peace and security through its
               terrorist acts, its violent extremist ideology, its continued gross, systematic and
               widespread attacks directed against civilians, its violations of international
               humanitarian law and abuses of human rights, particularly those committed against
               women and children, and including those motivated by religious or ethnic grounds,
               and its recruitment and training of foreign terrorist fighters whose threat affects all
               regions and Member States,
                     Condemning the commission of acts by ISIL (Da’esh) involving murder,
               kidnapping, hostage-taking, suicide bombings, enslavement, sale into or otherwise
               forced marriage, trafficking in persons, rape, sexual slavery and other forms of sexual
               violence, recruitment and use of children, attacks on critical infrastructure, as well as
               its destruction of cultural heritage, including archaeological sites, and trafficking of
               cultural property,
                     Recognizing that the commission of such acts which may amount to war crimes,
               crimes against humanity or genocide, is part of the ideology and strategic objectives
               of ISIL (Da’esh), and used by ISIL (Da’esh) as a tactic of terrorism, and that holding
               ISIL (Da’esh) members accountable, particularly those who bear the greatest
               responsibility, including in terms of leadership, which can include regional or mid
               level commanders, and the ordering and commission of crimes, will further expose
               this, and could assist in countering terrorism and violent extremism which can be
               conducive to terrorism, including by stemming financing and the continued flow of
               international recruits to the terrorist group ISIL (Da’esh),

20-12172 (E)
*2012172*

S/RES/2544 (2020)

                    Welcoming the considerable efforts of the Government of Iraq to defeat ISIL
               (Da’esh), and recalling its letter to the Secretary-General and Security Council dated
               9 August 2017 calling for the assistance of the international community to ensure that
               members of ISIL (Da’esh) are held accountable for their crimes in Iraq, including
               where those may amount to crimes against humanity ( S/2017/710),
                    1.   Reaffirms its resolution 2379 (2017), by which the Investigative Team,
               headed by a Special Adviser, was established; and recalls the terms of reference
               approved by the Council (S/2018/119);
                    2.    Takes note of the request from the Government of Iraq contained in its letter
               dated 16 September 2020 (S/2020/909) and decides to extend until 18 September 2021
               the mandate of the Special Adviser and the Team, with any further extension to be
               decided at the request of the Government of Iraq, or any other government that has
               requested the Team to collect evidence of acts that may amount to war crimes, crimes
               against humanity, or genocide, committed by ISIL (Da’esh) in its territory, in
               accordance with its resolution 2379 (2017);
                     3.    Requests the Secretary-General to align the term of the Special Adviser
               with the term of this mandate and to renew the Special Adviser’s term to 18 September
               2021;
                    4.   Requests the Special Adviser to continue to submit and present reports to
               the Council on the team’s activities every 180 days;
                    5.    Decides to remain seized of the matter.

2/2                                                                                20-12172

Security Council resolution 2544 (2020) [on extension of the mandate of the Special Adviser and the UN Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da'esh/Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant until 18 Sept. 2021]

Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Organization)|UN Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da'esh/Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant|UN. Special Adviser and Head of the United Nations Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da'esh/Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant|TERRORISM|WAR CRIMES|CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY|GENOCIDE|ACCOUNTABILITY|IRAQ|CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

S/75 [119] IRAQ SITUATION
S/ X Threats to international peace and security.


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2545 (2020)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                25 September 2020

               Resolution 2545 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8760th meeting, on
               25 September 2020

                    The Security Council,
                   Reaffirming its full commitment to the peace process in the Republic of
               Colombia,
                    Recalling all its resolutions and statements of its President regarding the peace
               process in Colombia,
                     Welcoming the progress made towards peace across Colombia since the adoption
               of the Final Agreement for Ending the Conflict and Building a Stable and Lasting
               Peace (the Final Agreement) and urging the parties, with the support of relevant state
               institutions and security forces, as well as civil society, to work together to sustain
               progress and address challenges, in particular the continued violence in conflict -
               affected areas, through comprehensive implementation of the Final Agreement,
                     Recalling in particular its resolution 2366 (2017) which established the United
               Nations Verification Mission in Colombia (the Verification Mission) to verify
               implementation by the Government of Colombia and Revolutionary Armed Forces of
               Colombia (FARC-EP) of sections 3.2 and 3.4 of the Final Agreement as called for in
               section 6.3.3 of the Final Agreement, and recalling the positive role played by the
               Verification Mission in that regard,
                    Acknowledging the letter dated 1 September 2020 from the President of
               Colombia requesting an extension of the mandate of the Verification Mission as
               agreed by the Government of Colombia and the People’s Alternative Revolutionary
               Force (FARC),
                    1.    Decides to extend, to 25 September 2021, the mandate of the Verification
               Mission and reporting requirements in accordance with its resolutions 2366 (2017),
               2377 (2017), 2435 (2018), and 2487 (2019), headed by a Special Representative of
               the Secretary-General of the United Nations;
                     2.   Expresses its willingness to work with the Government of Colombia to
               further extend the mandate of the Verification Mission on the basis of agreement
               between the parties;
                     3.    Recalls that the Final Agreement envisages a role for the Verification
               Mission in verifying compliance with the sentences of the Special Jurisdiction for
               Peace, and expresses its readiness to consider, in a timely manner, the addition of this
               task to the mandate of the Verification Mission, based on the outcome of the ongoing
               consultation process coordinated by the Government of Colombia.

20-12579 (E)
*2012579*

Security Council resolution 2545 (2020) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Verification Mission in Colombia until 25 Sept. 2021]

UN Verification Mission in Colombia|SPECIAL MISSIONS|PEACE AGREEMENTS|VERIFICATION|COLOMBIA

S/75 [302] COLOMBIA--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Identical letters dated 19 January 2016 from the Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council (S/2016/53).


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2546 (2020)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                2 October 2020

               Resolution 2546 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8763rd meeting, on
               2 October 2020

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolutions 2240 (2015), 2312 (2016), 2380 (2017), 2437 (2018)
               and 2491 (2019) and its Presidential Statement of 16 December 2015
               (S/PRST/2015/25),
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and national unity of Libya,
                    Welcoming the Secretary-General’s report of 2 September 2020 (S/2020/876)
               including its observations on the plight of migrants and refugees in Libya,
                    Mindful of its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace
               and security under the Charter of the United Nations,
                    Welcoming the measures that have been taken to implement resolution 2240
               (2015), encouraging their continuation and taking note of the deployment of
               Operation EUNAVFOR MED Irini in this regard,
                    Reaffirming the necessity to put an end to the ongoing proliferation of, and
               endangerment of lives by, the smuggling of migrants and trafficking of persons in the
               Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Libya, and, for these specific purposes, acting
               under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.   Condemns all acts of migrant smuggling and human trafficking into,
               through and from the Libyan territory and off the coast of Libya, which undermine
               further the process of stabilisation of Libya and endanger the lives of hundreds of
               thousands of people;
                     2.    Decides to renew the authorisations as set out in paragraphs 7, 8, 9 and 10
               of resolution 2240 (2015), for a further period of twelve months from the date of
               adoption of this resolution, reaffirms paragraph 11 thereof and reiterates its
               resolutions 2240 (2015), 2312 (2106), 2380 (2017), 2437 (2018) and 2491 (2019) and
               its Presidential Statement S/PRST/2015/25;
                     3.    Renews the reporting requests set out in paragraph 17 of its resolution 2240
               (2015) from the date of adoption of this resolution, and requests the Secretary-General
               to report to the Security Council eleven months after the adoption of this resolution
               on its implementation, in particular with regard to the implementation of paragraphs 7
               to 10 of its resolution 2240 (2015);

20-12940 (E)
*2012940*

S/RES/2546 (2020)

                    4.    Expresses its intention to continue to review the situation and consider, as
               appropriate, renewing the authority provided in this resolution for additional periods;
                    5.    Decides to remain seized of the matter.

2/2                                                                                20-12940

Security Council resolution 2546 (2020) [on renewal for 12 months of the authorizations as set out in paras. 7, 8, 9 and 10 of Security Council resolution 2240 (2015) concerning migrant smuggling and human trafficking into, through and from the Libyan territory and off the coast of Libya]

Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS|MIGRANTS|LIBYA|MEDITERRANEAN SEA|CRIME PREVENTION|JURISDICTION OVER SHIPS AT SEA

S/75 [219] LIBYA SITUATION
S/ X Maintenance of international peace and security.


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2547 (2020)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                15 October 2020

               Resolution 2547 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8768th meeting, on
               15 October 2020

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions on Haiti, in particular its resolutions 2476
               (2019), 2466 (2019), 2410 (2018), 2350 (2017), 2313 (2016), 2243 (2015), 2180
               (2014), 2119 (2013), 2070 (2012), 2012 (2011), 1944 (2010), 1927 (2010), 1908
               (2010), 1892 (2009), 1840 (2008), 1780 (2007), 1743 (2007), 1702 (2006), 1658
               (2006), 1608 (2005), 1601 (2005), 1576 (2004), 1529 (2004), and 1542 (2004),
                     Recalling in particular its resolution 2476 (2019), which established the United
               Nations Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH) beginning on 16 October 2019 based on
               the report of the Secretary-General of 1 March 2019 (document S/2019/198),
                     Reiterating the essential constitutional role of Haiti’s Parliament and the urgent
               need for inclusive inter-Haitian national dialogue to address longstanding drivers of
               instability by creating a sustainable and commonly accepted framework to permit the
               organization of free, fair, and transparent legislative elections as soon as technically
               feasible,
                     1.   Decides to extend, to 15 October 2021 the mandate of BINUH in
               accordance with its resolution 2476 (2019), headed by a Special Representative of the
               Secretary‑General of the United Nations, and the reporting requirements specified in
               resolution 2476 (2019);
                    2.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

20-13662 (E)
*2013662*

Security Council resolution 2547 (2020) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH) until 15 Oct. 2021]

UN Integrated Office in Haiti|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the UN Integrated Office in Haiti|SPECIAL MISSIONS|GOOD OFFICES|HAITI|HAITI QUESTION

S/75 [140] UN INTEGRATED OFFICE IN HAITI
S/75 [138] HAITI--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X The question concerning Haiti.


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2548 (2020)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                30 October 2020

               Resolution 2548 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council on 30 October 2020

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling and reaffirming all its previous resolutions on Western Sahara,
                    Reaffirming its strong support for the efforts of the Secretary-General and his
               incoming Personal Envoy to implement resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813
               (2008), 1871 (2009), 1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), 2044 (2012), 2099 (2013), 2152
               (2014), 2218 (2015), 2285 (2016), 2351 (2017), 2414 (2018), 2440 (2018), 2468
               (2019), and 2494 (2019),
                    Paying tribute to Horst Köhler, former Personal Envoy of the Secretary -General
               for Western Sahara, and commending his efforts in holding the round -table process,
               which created new momentum in the political process,
                   Looking forward to the appointment of a new Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara at the earliest opportunity,
                    Welcoming the new momentum created by the first round-table meeting on
               5−6 December 2018 and the second round-table meeting on 21–22 March 2019, and
               commitment by Morocco, the Frente Polisario, Algeria, and Mauritania to engage in
               the UN political process on Western Sahara in a serious and respectful manner in
               order to identify elements of convergence,
                     Encouraging the resumption of consultations between the incoming Personal
               Envoy and Morocco, the Frente Polisario, Algeria and Mauritania in this regard to
               build on the progress achieved,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to assist the parties to achieve a just, lasting, and
               mutually acceptable political solution, based on compromise, which will provide for
               the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements
               consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the Un ited Nations, and
               noting the role and responsibilities of the parties in this respect,
                    Reiterating its call upon Morocco, the Frente Polisario, Algeria and Mauritania
               to cooperate more fully with each other, including through building additional trust,
               and with the United Nations, as well as to strengthen their involvement in the political
               process and to achieve progress towards a political solution,
                    Recognizing that achieving a political solution to this long-standing dispute and
               enhanced cooperation between the Member States of the Maghreb Arab Union would

20-14409 (E)
*2014409*

S/RES/2548 (2020)

               contribute to stability and security, in turn leading to jobs, growth and opportunities
               for all the peoples in the Sahel region,
                    Welcoming the efforts of the Secretary-General to keep all peacekeeping
               operations, including the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western
               Sahara (MINURSO), under close review and reiterating the need for the Council to
               pursue a rigorous, strategic approach to peacekeeping deployments, and effective
               management of resources,
                     Recalling resolution 2378 (2017) and its request of the Secretary-General to
               ensure that data related to the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations, including
               peacekeeping performance data, is used to improve analytics and the evaluation of
               mission operations, based on clear and well identified benchmarks, and further
               recalling resolution 2436 (2018) and its request of the Secretary-General to ensure
               that decisions to recognize and incentivize outstanding performance and decisions
               regarding deployment, remediation, training, withholding of financial reimbursement,
               and repatriation of uniformed or dismissal of civilian personnel, are predicated on
               objective performance data,
                    Recalling resolution 2242 (2015) and 2538 (2020) and its aspiration to increase
               the number of women in military and police contingents of United Nations
               peacekeeping operations,
                     Recognizing the important role played by MINURSO on the ground and the need
               for it to fully implement its mandate, including its role in supporting the incoming
               Personal Envoy to achieve a mutually acceptable political solution,
                    Expressing concern about the violations of existing agreements, reiterating the
               importance of full adherence to these commitments in order to sustain momentum in
               the Western Sahara political process, and taking note of the commitments provided
               by the Frente Polisario to the former Personal Envoy, and in thi s regard welcoming
               the Secretary-General’s assessment on 23 September 2020 that the situation in
               Western Sahara has remained relatively calm with the ceasefire continuing to hold
               and respect by the parties for MINURSO’s mandate,
                    Taking note of the Moroccan proposal presented on 11 April 2007 to the
               Secretary-General and welcoming serious and credible Moroccan efforts to move the
               process forward towards resolution; also taking note of the Polisario Front proposal
               presented 10 April 2007 to the Secretary-General,
                     Encouraging in this context, the parties to demonstrate further political will
               towards a solution including by expanding upon their discussion of each other’s
               proposals and recommitting to UN efforts in a spirit of realism and compromise, and
               further encouraging the neighbouring countries to make contributions to the political
               process,
                     Encouraging the parties to cooperate further with the United Nations Office of
               the High Commissioner for Refugees in identifying and implementing confidence -
               building measures that can serve to foster the trust necessary for a successful political
               process,
                     Stressing the importance of improving the human rights situation in Western
               Sahara and the Tindouf camps, and encouraging the parties to work with the
               international community to develop and implement independent and credible
               measures to ensure full respect for human rights, bearing in mind their relevant
               obligations under international law,
                   Encouraging the parties to sustain in their respective efforts to enhance the
               promotion and protection of human rights in Western Sahara and the Tindouf refugee
               camps, including the freedoms of expression and association,

2/5                                                                                20-14409

                                                                                S/RES/2548 (2020)

                Welcoming in this regard, steps and initiatives taken by Morocco, and the role
           played by the National Council on Human Rights Co mmissions operating in Dakhla
           and Laayoune, and Morocco’s interaction with Special Procedures of the United
           Nations Human Rights Council,
                 Strongly encouraging enhancing cooperation with the Office of the United
           Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), including through
           facilitating visits to the region,
                 Noting with deep concern the continued hardships faced by Sahrawi refugees
           and their dependency on external humanitarian assistance, and further noting with
           deep concern insufficient funding for those living in Tindouf refugee camps and the
           risks associated with the reduction of food assistance,
                Reiterating its request for consideration of a refugee registration in the Tindouf
           refugee camps and emphasizing efforts be made in this regard,
                 Recalling United Nations Security Council resolutions 1325 and 2250 and
           related resolutions; stressing the importance of a commitment by the parties to
           continue the process of negotiations through the United Nations -sponsored talks and
           encouraging the full, effective and meaningful participation of women and active and
           meaningful participation of youth in these talks,
                Recognizing that the status quo is not acceptable, and noting further that
           progress in negotiations is essential in order to improve the quality o f life of the
           people of Western Sahara in all its aspects,
                Affirming its full support for Special Representative of the Secretary-General
           for Western Sahara and Head of MINURSO Colin Stewart,
                Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 23 September 2020
           (S/2020/938),
                1.    Decides to extend the mandate of MINURSO until 31 October 2021;
                 2.    Emphasizes the need to achieve a realistic, practicable and enduring
           political solution to the question of Western Sahara based on compromise and the
           importance of aligning the strategic focus of MINURSO and orienting resources of
           the United Nations to this end;
                 3.    Expresses its full support for the ongoing efforts of the Secretary -General
           and his incoming Personal Envoy to sustain the renewed negotiations process in order
           to achieve a solution to the Western Sahara question, notes the intention of the former
           Personal Envoy to invite Morocco, the Frente Polisario, Algeria, and Mauritania to
           meet again in the same format, and welcomes the commitment of Morocco, the Frente
           Polisario, Algeria, and Mauritania to remain engaged throughout the duration of this
           process, in a spirit of realism and compromise, to ensure a successful outcome;
                 4.   Calls upon the parties to resume negotiations under the auspices of the
           Secretary-General without preconditions and in good faith, taking into account the
           efforts made since 2006 and subsequent developments with a view to achieving a just,
           lasting, and mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the
           self-determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements
           consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and
           noting the role and responsibilities of the parties in this respect;
                5.    Invites Member States to lend appropriate assistance to these talks;
                6.    Reaffirms the need for full respect of the military agreements reached with
           MINURSO with regard to the ceasefire and calls on the parties to adhere fully to
           those agreements, implement their commitments to the former Personal Envoy, and

20-14409                                                                                3/5

S/RES/2548 (2020)

               refrain from any actions that could undermine UN-facilitated negotiations or further
               destabilize the situation in the Western Sahara;
                    7.    Reiterates its call upon all parties to cooperate fully with MINURSO,
               including its free interaction with all interlocutors, and to take the necessary steps to
               ensure the security of as well as unhindered movement and immediate access for the
               United Nations and associated personnel in carrying out their mandate, in conformity
               with existing agreements;
                     8.   Emphasizes the importance of a renewed commitment by the parties to
               advancing the political process in preparation for further negotiations, recalls its
               endorsement of the recommendation in the report of 14 April 2008 (S/2008/251) that
               realism and a spirit of compromise by the parties are essential to achieve progress in
               negotiations, and encourages the neighbouring countries to make important, active
               contributions to this process;
                     9.   Calls upon the parties to demonstrate political will and work in an
               atmosphere propitious for dialogue in order to advance negotiations, thus ensuring
               implementation of resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008), 1871 (2009),
               1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), 2044 (2012), 2099 (2013), 2152 (2014), 2218 (2015), 2285
               (2016), 2351 (2017), 2414 (2018), 2440 (2018), 2468 (2019), and 2494 (2019) and
               the success of negotiations;
                     10. Requests the Secretary-General to brief the Security Council on a regular
               basis, and at any time he deems appropriate during the mandate period, to inclu de
               within six months of this mandate’s renewal and again prior to its expiration, on the
               status and progress of these negotiations under his auspices, on the implementation
               of this resolution, challenges to MINURSO’s operations and steps taken to address
               them, expresses its intention to meet to receive and discuss his briefings and in this
               regard, further requests the Secretary-General to provide a report on the situation in
               Western Sahara well before the end of the mandate period;
                     11. Welcomes the initiatives undertaken by the Secretary-General to
               standardize a culture of performance in UN peacekeeping, and reaffirms its support
               for the development of a comprehensive and integrated performance policy
               framework that identifies clear standards of performance for evaluating all United
               Nations civilian and uniformed personnel working in and supporting peacekeeping
               operations that facilitates effective and full implementation of mandates, and includes
               comprehensive and objective methodologies based on clear and well-defined
               benchmarks to ensure accountability for underperformance and incentives and
               recognition for outstanding performance, and calls on him to apply this framework to
               MINURSO as described in resolution 2436 (2018), requests the Secretary-General to
               seek to increase the number of women in MINURSO, as well as to ensure the full,
               effective, and meaningful participation of women in all aspects of operations;
                    12. Urges the parties and neighbouring states to engage productively with
               MINURSO as it further considers how new technologies can be used to reduce risk,
               improve force protection, and better implement its mandate;
                     13. Encourages the parties to cooperate with the Office of the United Nations
               High Commissioner for Refugees to identify and implement confidence -building
               measures, including to engage women and youth, and encourages neighbouring states
               to support these efforts;
                     14. Urges Member States to provide new and additional voluntary
               contributions to fund food programmes to ensure that the humanitarian needs of
               refugees are adequately addressed and avoid reductions in food rations;

4/5                                                                                20-14409

                                                                                S/RES/2548 (2020)

                 15. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take necessary measures to
           ensure full compliance of all personnel in MINURSO with the United Nations zero -
           tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to keep the Council fully
           informed through his reports to the Council about the Mission’s p rogress in this
           regard, and urges troop-contributing and police-contributing countries to continue
           taking appropriate preventative action including vetting of all personnel,
           predeployment and in-mission awareness training, and to ensure full accountability
           in cases of such conduct involving their personnel through timely investigation of
           allegations by troop-contributing and police-contributing countries and MINURSO,
           as appropriate;
                16.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

20-14409                                                                                5/5

Security Council resolution 2548 (2020) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 31 Oct. 2021]

UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|UN. Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|WESTERN SAHARA|NEGOTIATION|PEACE AGREEMENTS|WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION

S/75 [45] UN MISSION FOR THE REFERENDUM IN WESTERN SAHARA
S/75 [44] WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION
S/ X The situation concerning Western Sahara.


               United Nations                                                                  S/RES/2549 (2020)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               5 November 2020

               Resolution 2549 (2020)
               Adopted by the Security Council on 5 November 2020

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling all its previous relevant resolutions concerning the conflicts in the
               Former Yugoslavia and relevant statements of its President, including resolutions
               1031 (1995) of 15 December 1995, 1088 (1996) of 12 December 1996, 1423 (2002)
               of 12 July 2002, 1491 (2003) of 11 July 2003, 1551 (2004) of 9 July 2004, 1575
               (2004) of 22 November 2004, 1639 (2005) of 21 November 2005, 1722 (2006) of
               21 November 2006, 1764 (2007) of 29 June 2007, 1785 (2007) of 21 November 2007,
               1845 (2008) of 20 November 2008, 1869 (2009) of 25 March 2009, 1895 (2009) of
               18 November 2009, 1948 (2010) of 18 November 2010, 2019 (2011) of 16 November
               2011, 2074 (2012) of 14 November 2012, 2123 (2013) of 12 November 2013, 2183
               (2014) of 11 November 2014, 2247 (2015) of 10 November 2015, 2315 (2016) of
               8 November 2016, 2384 (2017) of 7 November 2017, 2443 (2018) of 6 November
               2018, and 2496 (2019) of 5 November 2019,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to the political settlement of the conflicts in the
               Former Yugoslavia, preserving the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all States
               there within their internationally recognized borders,
                     Underlining its commitment to support the implementation of the General
               Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the annexes thereto
               (collectively the Peace Agreement, S/1995/999, Annex), as well as the relevant
               decisions of the Peace Implementation Council (PIC),
                    Recognizing this year as the 25th anniversary of the signing of the Peace
               Agreement,
                     Recognizing the importance of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s transition to a
               functional, reform oriented, and democratic European country,
                    Noting the reports of the High Representative, including his latest report of
               28 October 2020,
                     Encouraging the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the support of the
               international community, to accelerate their efforts to address the disposal of excess
               ammunition,
                     Emphasizing its appreciation to the Commander and personnel of the
               multinational stabilization force (EUFOR ALTHEA) and the personnel of other
               international organizations and agencies in Bosnia and Herzegovina for their

20-14746 (E)
*2014746*

S/RES/2549 (2020)

               contributions to the implementation of the Peace Agreement, and taking note of
               EUFOR ALTHEA’s strategic review, conducted in 2019,
                    Recalling all the agreements concerning the status of forces referred to in
               Appendix B to Annex 1-A of the Peace Agreement, and reminding the parties of their
               obligation to continue to comply therewith,
                    Further recalling the provisions of its resolution 1551 (2004) concerning the
               provisional application of the status of forces agreements contained in Appendix B to
               Annex 1-A of the Peace Agreement,
                      Welcoming the continued presence of EUFOR ALTHEA and the EU’s readiness
               at this stage to continue an executive military role to support Bosnia and Herzegovina
               authorities to maintain the safe and secure environment, the current focus of its
               mandate, and its regular review, including on the basis of the situation on the ground,
                     Reiterating its calls on the competent authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina to
               take necessary steps to complete the 5+2 agenda, which remains necessary for closure
               of the Office of the High Representative, as confirmed by the PIC Steering Board
               communiqués,
                     Reaffirming provisions concerning the High Representative as set out in its
               previous resolutions, and further reaffirming Article V of Annex 10 of the Peace
               Agreement regarding the High Representative’s final authority in theatre in the
               interpretation of the civilian implementation of the Agreement,
                    Taking note of the Peace Agreement and of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s
               leadership’s commitment towards a European perspective, including through the
               submission of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s EU membership application in February
               2016 and through the implementation of the recommendations in the EU
               Commission’s Opinion issued in May 2019, and recalling that Bosnia and
               Herzegovina’s commitment needs to be translated urgently into comprehensive
               reform results on the ground,
                    Underscoring the urgency to implement the rulings of the European Court of
               Human Rights as well as the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and
               emphasizing that progress needs to be made on electoral reform in a spirit of
               consensus within the current legislative period to move the country towards modern
               democratic standards in accordance with the OSCE-ODIHR, Venice Commission, and
               the Council of Europe’s Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)’s
               recommendations to improve the electoral framework,
                    Noting with concern continued polarizing unconstructive policies, actions and
               rhetoric in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and reiterating its calls to political leaders to
               advance reconciliation and mutual understanding,
                    Calling for all levels of authorities to further coordinate and implement
               socioeconomic reforms that will address structural weaknesses of the economy to the
               benefit of all citizens,
                     Emphasizing the need for Bosnia and Herzegovina to step up efforts regarding
               the functioning and independence of the judiciary, the fight against corruption and
               organized crime, and the fight against terrorism and prevention of radicalization,
                     Noting positively the adoption of the revised National War Crimes Processing
               Strategy by the Bosnia and Herzegovina Council of Ministers and encouraging
               authorities of its implementation,
                    Encouraging the parties to implement Bosnia and Herzegovina ’s National
               Action Plan on Women Peace and Security in an inclusive manner and looking
               forward to its continuation,

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                                                                                S/RES/2549 (2020)

                 Recognizing that the security environment has remained calm and stable, and
           noting that the Bosnia and Herzegovina authorities have so far prove n capable to deal
           with threats to the safe and secure environment,
                 Determining that the situation in the region continues to constitute a threat to
           international peace and security,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                1.    Reiterates that the primary responsibility for the further successful
           implementation of the Peace Agreement lies with all the authorities in Bosnia and
           Herzegovina themselves and notes the continued willingness of the international
           community and major donors to support them in implementing the Peace Agreement,
           and calls upon all the authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina to fully cooperate with
           the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals and support
           investigations and prosecutions in the national system;
               2.  Welcomes the EU’s readiness to maintain an EU military operation
           (EUFOR ALTHEA) in Bosnia and Herzegovina from November 2020;
                 3.   Authorizes the Member States acting through or in cooperation with the
           EU to establish for a further period of twelve months, starting from the date of the
           adoption of this resolution, a multinational stabilization force (EUFOR ALTHEA) as
           a legal successor to SFOR under unified command and control, which will fulfil its
           missions in relation to the implementation of An nex 1-A and Annex 2 of the Peace
           Agreement in cooperation with the NATO Headquarters presence in accordance with
           the arrangements agreed between NATO and the EU as communicated to the Security
           Council in their letters of 19 November 2004, which recognize t hat EUFOR ALTHEA
           will have the main peace stabilization role under the military aspects of the Peace
           Agreement;
                 4.   Decides to renew the authorization provided by paragraph 11 of its
           resolution 2183 (2014) for a further period of twelve months starting from the date of
           adoption of this resolution;
                 5.    Authorizes the Member States acting under paragraph 3 and 4 above to
           take all necessary measures to effect the implementation of and to ensure compliance
           with annexes 1-A and 2 of the Peace Agreement, stresses that the parties shall
           continue to be held equally responsible for the compliance with that annex and shall
           be equally subject to such enforcement action by EUFOR ALTHEA and the NATO
           presence as may be necessary to ensure implementation of those annexes and the
           protection of EUFOR ALTHEA and the NATO presence;
                 6.   Authorizes Member States to take all necessary measures, at the request of
           either EUFOR ALTHEA or the NATO Headquarters, in defence of the E UFOR
           ALTHEA or NATO presence respectively, and to assist both organizations in carrying
           out their missions, and recognizes the right of both EUFOR ALTHEA and the NATO
           presence to take all necessary measures to defend themselves from attack or threat of
           attack;
                 7.   Authorizes the Member States acting under paragraph 3 and 4 above, in
           accordance with annex 1-A of the Peace Agreement, to take all necessary measures
           to ensure compliance with the rules and procedures governing command and control
           of airspace over Bosnia and Herzegovina with respect to all civilian and military air
           traffic;
                8.  Urges all concerned parties to proceed with the formation of the
           governments at Federation and cantonal levels;

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S/RES/2549 (2020)

                    9.   Urges the parties to prioritize the implementation of co mprehensive
               reforms in a manner which benefits all citizens and is in line with the country’s
               European perspective, and further calls on them to refrain from any polarizing
               unconstructive policy, action and rhetoric;
                    10. Urges the parties, in accordance with the Peace Agreement, to abide to
               their commitment to cooperate fully with all institutions involved in the
               implementation of this peace settlement, as described in the Peace Agreement,
               including Annex 4;
                     11. Reaffirms that under the Peace Agreement, Bosnia and Herzegovina
               consists of two entities, which exist legally by virtue of the Bosnia and Herzegovina
               Constitution, and further reaffirms that any change to the Constitution must be made
               in accordance with the amendment procedure prescribed therein;
                    12.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2549 (2020) [on renewal of the authorization of the European Union-led Multinational Stabilization Force (EUFOR ALTHEA) in Bosnia and Herzegovina for a period of 12 months]

EUFOR|NATO|Agreement on Implementing the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEBUILDING|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SITUATION|FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SITUATION

S/75 [62] BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SITUATION
S/75 [60] FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.