               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2412 (2018)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                23 April 2018

               Resolution 2412 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8240th meeting, on
               23 April 2018

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions and its presidential statements on the situation
               in Sudan and South Sudan, and in particular, resolutions 1990 (2011), 2024 (2011),
               2032 (2011), 2046 (2012), 2047 (2012), 2075 (2012), 2104 (2013), 2126 (2013), 2156
               (2014), 2179 (2014), 2205 (2015), 2230 (2015), 2251 (2015), 2287 (2016), 2318
               (2016), 2352 (2017), and 2386 (2017) as well as presidential statements
               S/PRST/2012/19 and S/PRST/2013/14, and the Council’s press statements of 18 June
               2012, 21 September 2012, 28 September 2012, 6 May 2013, 14 June 2013,
               14 February 2014, 17 March 2014, 11 December 2014, and 27 November 2015,
                     Welcoming the progress made towards the implementation of the Joint Border
               Verification and Monitoring Mechanism (JBVMM), as well as the positive
               momentum it has generated between the parties, while noting that measures set out in
               paragraph 9 of resolution 2386 (2017) have not yet been fully and completely
               achieved, and calling on the parties to fulfil these measures without delay,
                     Stressing the need for the Governments of Sudan and South Sudan to fully
               implement the JBVMM, in accordance with Security Council resolution 2046 (2012)
               and the African Union Peace and Security Council Roadmap of 24 April 2012 and the
               Joint Political and Security Mechanism (JPSM) Communique of 31 October 2017,
                    Commending the continued assistance provided to the parties by the African
               Union High-level Implementation Panel (AUHIP) and the United Nations Interim
               Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA),
                    Taking note of the 3 April 2018 Secretary-General’s report (S/2018/293),
                    Recognizing that the current situation in Abyei and along the border between the
               Sudan and South Sudan continues to constitute a serious threat to international peace
               and security,
                     1.    Decides to extend until 15 October 2018 UNISFA’s mandate modification
               set forth in resolution 2024 (2011) and paragraph 1 of resolution 2075 (2012), and
               further decides that this shall be the final such extension unless the parties take the
               specific measures described in paragraph 3;
                    2.   Decides to maintain UNISFA’s authorized troop ceiling of 4,791 until
               15 October 2018, and further decides that as of 15 October 2018, the authorized troop

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*1806427*

S/RES/2412 (2018)

               ceiling shall decrease to 4,250, unless it decides to extend the mandate m odification
               set forth in resolution 2024 (2011) and paragraph 1 of resolution 2075 (2012), in
               accordance with paragraphs 1 and 3;
                    3.    Determines that both parties should also demonstrate measurable progress
               on border demarcation, specifically:
                    (1) Maintain standing clearance for all UNISFA air and ground patrols,
                    including landing within the Safe Demilitarized Border Zone (SDBZ), and
                    maintain approval for 100 percent of requested sorties no later than 72 hours
                    after the requests are delivered, in order to facilitate full freedom of movement
                    for UNISFA and the JBVMM,
                    (2) Finalize agreement of the four JBVMM team sites, and holding a meeting
                    of the Ad Hoc Committee on the 14 mile area, to agree to the location of the
                    team site near Safaha/Kiir Adem,
                    (3) Convene at least two meetings of the JPSM and for both parties to
                    withdraw from the SDBZ,
                    (4) Make further progress to establish Phase I border crossing corridors
                    between Sudan and South Sudan, including finalizing the opening of the Kosti -
                    El Renk corridor,
                    (5) Open two additional corridors from among the ten identified crossings in
                    the Safe Demilitarized Border Zone (SDBZ) in line with the directives o f
                    AUHIP and JPSM, and finalize a plan for the opening of the remaining border
                    crossings,
                    (6) Hold at least two meetings of the Joint Border Commission and Joint
                    Demarcation Committee, finalize the Joint Demarcation Committee ’s report to
                    the Joint Border Commission, discuss border demarcation of the agreed sections
                    of the boundary per the 5 March JPSM decision, and resume border demarcation
                    discussions including negotiations on the disputed areas within the framework
                    of the signed agreements,
                      4.   Requests the Secretary-General to inform it of progress in implementing
               any steps taken per paragraph 3 as well as paragraph 9 of resolution 2386 (2017) no
               later than 15 September 2018;
                    5.    Decides to remain actively seized of this matter.

2/2                                                                                18-06427

Security Council resolution 2412 (2018) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) until 15 Oct. 2018]

UN Interim Security Force for Abyei|Joint Border Verification Monitoring Mechanism (Sudan and South Sudan)|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|DEMILITARIZED ZONES|ABYEI (SUDAN)|SUDAN|SOUTH SUDAN


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2413 (2018)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               26 April 2018

               Resolution 2413 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8245th meeting, on
               26 April 2018

                    The Security Council,
                    Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     Recalling the relevant mandates, decisions and resolutions of the Security
               Council and the General Assembly, as well as Security Council Presidential
               Statements S/PRST/2017/27 of 21 December 2017 and S/PRST/2018/1 of 18 January
               2018,
                     Reaffirming its resolution 2282 of 27 April 2016 and General Assembly
               resolution 70/262, and taking note of the efforts and progress made to date as well as
               encouraging further action by Member States and the United Nations system to
               implement the resolutions,
                     Welcoming the consultations with Member States undertaken by the Secretary-General with respect to his reform proposals and taking note of the ongoing work in
               this regard,
                     Taking note of the discussions on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace at the
               High-level briefing of the Security Council held on 25 April 2018 and at the High -
               level Meeting of the General Assembly held on 24–25 April 2018,
                    1.     Welcomes presentation of the Secretary-General’s report on Peacebuilding
               and Sustaining Peace, 1 takes note with appreciation of the recommendations and
               options it contains and decides to discuss them further;
                     2.    Takes note of the General Assembly decision to invite the relevant United
               Nations bodies and organs, including the Peacebuilding Commission, to further
               advance, explore and consider implementation, as appropriate, of the
               recommendations and options contained in the report of the Secretary-General, in
               accordance with the established procedures, during the seventy-second and seventythird sessions of the General Assembly;
                     3.   Takes note of the General Assembly decision to request the Secretary-General to present to the General Assembly, during its seventy-third session, an
               interim report further elaborating on his recommendations and options, including
               those on financing for United Nations peacebuilding activities;
       __________________
           1
               A/72/707–S/2018/43.

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*1806722*

S/RES/2413 (2018)

                     4.   Takes note of the General Assembly decision to request the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly, during its seventy-fourth session, a
               detailed report in connection with the next comprehensive review of the United
               Nations peacebuilding architecture, focusing on continued implementation of its
               resolution 70/262 and progress of implementation of the recommendations and
               options contained in his report on Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace;
                    5.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

2/2                                                                                18-06722

Security Council resolution 2413 (2018) [on peacebuilding and sustaining peace]

S/73 [27] PEACEBUILDING
S/ X Peacebuilding and sustaining peace.


               United Nations                                                                      S/RES/2414 (2018)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                27 April 2018

               Resolution 2414 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8246th meeting, on
               27 April 2018

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling and reaffirming all its previous resolutions on Western Sahara,
                    Reaffirming its strong support for the efforts of the Secretary-General and his
               Personal Envoy to implement resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008),
               1871 (2009), 1920 (2010), 1979 (2011), 2044 (2012), 2099 (2013), 2152 (2014), 2218
               (2015), 2285 (2016), and 2351 (2017),
                     Expressing full support for the Secretary-General’s Personal Envoy for Western
               Sahara, former President Horst Köhler of Germany, and welcoming the engagement
               of the parties and neighboring states with him in his efforts to facilitate negotiations,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to assist the parties to achieve a just, lasting, and
               mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the self -determination
               of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements consistent with the
               principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and noting the role and
               responsibilities of the parties in this respect,
                     Reiterating its call upon the parties and the neighboring states to cooperate more
               fully with the United Nations and with each other and to strengthen their involvement
               and to achieve progress towards a political solution,
                     Recognizing that achieving a political solution to this long-standing dispute and
               enhanced cooperation between the Member States of the Maghreb Arab Union would
               contribute to stability and security, in turn leading to jobs, growth and opportunities
               for all the peoples in the Sahel region,
                    Welcoming the efforts of the Secretary-General to keep all peacekeeping
               operations, including the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western
               Sahara (MINURSO), under close review and reiterating the need for the Council to
               pursue a rigorous, strategic approach to peacekeeping deployments, and effective
               management of resources,
                     Recalling its request of the Secretary-General to ensure that data related to the
               effectiveness of peacekeeping operations, including peacekeeping performance data,
               is used to improve analytics and the evaluation of mission operations, based on clear
               and well identified benchmarks, emphasizing the need to regularly evaluate
               MINURSO’s performance such that the mission retains the skills and flexibility

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*1806795*

S/RES/2414 (2018)

               needed to effectively carry out its mandate, and noting, in this regard, plans for an
               independent review of the mission later in the year,
                   Recalling resolution 2242 (2015) and its aspiration to increase the number of
               women in military and police contingents of United Nations peacekeeping operations,
                     Recognizing the important role played by MINURSO on the ground and the need
               for it to fully implement its mandate, including its role in supporting the Personal
               Envoy to achieve a mutually acceptable political solution,
                     Expressing concern about the violations of existing agreements, and calling on
               the parties to respect their relevant obligations, and refrain from any actions that could
               destabilize the situation or threaten the UN process, and recognizing the measured
               response of Morocco to most recent concerns regarding the buffer strip,
                    Taking note of the Moroccan proposal presented on 11 April 2007 to the
               Secretary-General and welcoming serious and credible Moroccan efforts to move the
               process forward towards resolution; also taking note of the Polisario Front proposal
               presented 10 April 2007 to the Secretary-General,
                     Encouraging in this context, the parties to demonstrate further political will
               towards a solution including by expanding upon their discussion of each other ’s
               proposals and recommitting to UN efforts in a spirit of realism and compromise, and
               further encouraging the neighboring countries to make contributions to the political
               process,
                    Taking note of the four rounds of negotiations held under the auspices of the
               Secretary-General and recognizing the importance of the parties committing to
               advance the negotiations process without preconditions and in good faith,
                     Encouraging the parties to cooperate further with the United Nations Office of
               the High Commissioner for Refugees in identifying and implementing confidencebuilding measures that can serve to foster the trust necessary for a successful political
               process,
                     Stressing the importance of improving the human rights situation in Western
               Sahara and the Tindouf camps, and encouraging the parties to work with the
               international community to develop and implement independent and credible
               measures to ensure full respect for human rights, bearing in mind their relevant
               obligations under international law,
                   Encouraging the parties to continue in their respective efforts to enhance the
               promotion and protection of human rights in Western Sahara and the Tindouf refugee
               camps, including the freedoms of expression and association,
                    Welcoming in this regard, steps and initiatives taken by Morocco, and the role
               played by the National Council on Human Rights Commissions operating in Dakhla
               and Laayoune, and Morocco’s interaction with Special Procedures of the United
               Nations Human Rights Council,
                     Strongly encouraging enhancing cooperation with the Office of the United
               Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), including through
               facilitating visits to the region,
                     Noting with deep concern the continued hardships faced by Sahrawi refugees
               and their dependency on external humanitarian assistance, and further noting
               insufficient funding for those living in Tindouf refugee camps and the risks associated
               with the reduction of food assistance,
                    Reiterating its request for consideration of a refugee registration in the Tindouf
               refugee camps and emphasizing efforts be made in this regard,

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                                                                                S/RES/2414 (2018)

                 Recalling United Nations Security Council resolutions 1325 and 2250 and
           related resolutions; stressing the importance of a commitment by the parties to
           continue the process of negotiations through the United Nations -sponsored talks and
           encouraging the full, effective and meaningful participation of women and active and
           meaningful participation of youth in these talks,
                Recognizing that the status quo is not acceptable, and noting further that
           progress in negotiations is essential in order to improve the quality of life of the
           people of Western Sahara in all its aspects,
                 Welcoming the appointment of Colin Stewart as the Special Representative of
           the Secretary-General for Western Sahara and Head of MINURSO and affirming its
           full support for him in this capacity,
                Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 29 March 2018
           (S/2018/277),
                1.    Decides to extend the mandate of MINURSO until 31 October 2018;
                2.    Emphasizes the need to make progress toward a realistic, practicable and
           enduring political solution to the question of Western Sahara based on compromise
           and the importance of aligning the strategic focus of MINURSO and orienting
           resources of the United Nations to this end;
                 3.   Calls upon the parties to resume negotiations under the auspices of the
           Secretary-General without preconditions and in good faith, taking into account the
           efforts made since 2006 and subsequent developments with a view to achieving a just,
           lasting, and mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the selfdetermination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements
           consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and
           noting the role and responsibilities of the parties in this r espect;
                 4.    Further calls upon the neighboring states to make important contributions
           to the political process and to increase their engagement in the negotiating process;
                5.    Invites Member States to lend appropriate assistance to these talks;
                6.    Reaffirms the need for full respect of the military agreements reached with
           MINURSO with regard to the ceasefire and calls on the parties to adhere fully to
           those agreements;
                  7.  Expresses concern with the presence of the Polisario Front in the buffer
           strip in Guerguerat and calls for its immediate withdrawal;
                8.    Expresses concern regarding the Polisario Front’s announcement of the
           planned relocation of administrative functions to Bir Lahlou, and calls for the
           Polisario Front to refrain from any such destabilizing actions;
                 9.    Recognizes that fundamental questions related to the ceasefire and related
           agreements remain and calls upon the Secretary-General to interview the parties in
           an effort to better understand these issues;
                10. Calls upon all parties to cooperate fully with the operations of MINURSO,
           including its free interaction with all interlocutors, and to take the necessary steps to
           ensure the security of as well as unhindered movement and immediate access for the
           United Nations and associated personnel in carrying out their mandate, in conformity
           with existing agreements;
                 11. Emphasizes the importance of a renewed commitment by the parties to
           advancing the political process in preparation for a fifth round of negotiations, recalls
           its endorsement of the recommendation in the report of 14 April 2008 (S/2008/251)
           that realism and a spirit of compromise by the parties are essential to achieve progress

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S/RES/2414 (2018)

               in negotiations, and encourages the neighboring countries to make important
               contributions to this process;
                     12. Calls upon the parties to show political will and work in an atmosphere
               propitious for dialogue in order to resume negotiations, thus ensuring implementation
               of resolutions 1754 (2007), 1783 (2007), 1813 (2008), 1871 (2009), 1920 (2010),
               1979 (2011), 2044 (2012), 2099 (2013), 2152 (2014), 2218 (2015), 2285 (2016), and
               2351 (2017) and the success of negotiations;
                     13. Affirms its full support for the intention of the Secretary-General and his
               Personal Envoy in this context to relaunch the negotiations with a new dynamic and
               a new spirit with the aim of reaching a mutually acceptable political solution, which
               will provide for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context
               of arrangements consistent with the principles and purposes o f the Charter of the
               United Nations;
                     14. Requests the Secretary-General to brief the Security Council on a regular
               basis, and at any time he deems appropriate during the mandate period, on the status
               and progress of these negotiations under his auspices, on the implementation of this
               resolution, challenges to MINURSO’s operations and steps taken to address them,
               expresses its intention to meet to receive and discuss his briefings and in this regard,
               further requests the Secretary-General to provide a report on the situation in Western
               Sahara well before the end of the mandate period;
                     15. Welcomes the initiatives undertaken by the Secretary General to
               standardize a culture of performance in UN peacekeeping, and calls on him to
               continue his efforts to develop an integrated performance policy framework and apply
               it to MINURSO, requests the Secretary-General to seek to increase the number of
               women in MINURSO, as well as to ensure the meaningful participation of women in
               all aspects of operations;
                    16. Urges MINURSO to continue to consider how new technologies can be
               used to reduce risk, improve force protection, and better implement its mandate;
                     17. Encourages the parties to cooperate with the Office of the United Nations
               High Commissioner for Refugees to identify and implement confidence -building
               measures, including to engage women and youth, and encourages neighboring states
               to support these efforts;
                     18. Urges Member States to provide new and additional voluntary
               contributions to fund food programmes to ensure that the humanitarian needs of
               refugees are adequately addressed and avoid reductions in food rations;
                     19. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take the necessary measures
               to ensure full compliance in MINURSO with the United Nations zero -tolerance policy
               on sexual exploitation and abuse and to keep the Council informed, and urges troop -
               contributing countries to take appropriate preventive action including predeployment
               awareness training, and other action to ensure full accountability in cases of such
               conduct involving their personnel;
                    20.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

4/4                                                                                18-06795

Security Council resolution 2414 (2018) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 31 Oct. 2018]

UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|UN. Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|WESTERN SAHARA|NEGOTIATION|PEACE AGREEMENTS|WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION

S/73 [45] UN MISSION FOR THE REFERENDUM IN WESTERN SAHARA
S/73 [44] WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION
S/ X The situation concerning Western Sahara.


               United Nations                                                                      S/RES/2415 (2018)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                15 May 2018

               Resolution 2415 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8257th meeting, on 15 May 2018

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling all its previous resolutions and statements of its President concerning
               the situation in Somalia, and underlining the importance of full compliance with
               these,
                    Looking forward to the report of the joint assessment by 15 June 2018,
               recognizing the importance of adequate time to consider the recommendations of the
               report and in this regard, also recognizing the need for an extension to the
               authorisation of AMISOM,
                     Determining that the situation in Somalia continues to constitute a threat to
               international peace and security,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.    Decides to authorize the Member States of the African Union to maintain
               the deployment of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) until 31 July
               2018, authorizes AMISOM to take all necessary measures, in full compliance with
               participating States’ obligations under international humanitarian law and
               international human rights law, and in full respect for the sovereignty, territorial
               integrity, political independence and unity of Somalia, to carry out its mandate; as set
               out in paragraphs 7 and 8 of its resolution 2372 (2017), and recalls its decision to
               authorize the African Union to reduce the level of uniformed personnel to 20,626, to
               include a minimum of 1,040 AMISOM police personnel including five Formed Police
               Units, by 30 October 2018;
                    2.    Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide a logistical support
               package for AMISOM and 70 AMISOM civilians, the 10,900 Somalia National Army
               on joint operations with AMISOM, and the United Nations Assistance Mission in
               Somalia as set out in paragraph 2 of resolution 2245 (2015);
                    3.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

18-07873 (E)
*1807873*

Security Council resolution 2415 (2018) [on authorization to the Member States of the African Union to maintain the deployment of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) until 31 July 2018]

African Union Mission in Somalia|UN. Support Office in Somalia|UN Assistance Mission in Somalia|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|SUPPORT SERVICES|SOMALIA|SOMALIA SITUATION

S/73 [84] SOMALIA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Somalia.


               United Nations                                                                       S/RES/2416 (2018)
               Security Council                                                   Distr.: General
                                                                                15 May 2018

               Resolution 2416 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8258th meeting, on
               15 May 2018

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling its previous resolutions and its presidential statements on the situation
               in Sudan and South Sudan, and in particular, resolutions 1990 (2011), 2024 (2011),
               2032 (2011), 2046 (2012), 2047 (2012), 2075 (2012), 2104 (2013), 2126 (2013), 2156
               (2014), 2179 (2014), 2205 (2015), 2230 (2015), 2251 (2015), 2287 (2016), 2318
               (2016), 2352 (2017), 2386 (2017), 2411 (2018), and 2412 (2018) as well as
               presidential statements S/PRST/2012/19 and S/PRST/2013/14, and the Council’s
               press statements of 18 June 2012, 21 September 2012, 28 September 2012, 6 May
               2013, 14 June 2013, 14 February 2014, 17 March 2014, 11 December 2014, and
               27 November 2015,
                      Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and
               territorial integrity of Sudan and South Sudan, and to the purposes and the principles
               of the Charter of the United Nations, and recalling the importance of the principles of
               good neighbourliness, non-interference and regional cooperation,
                     Reiterating that the territorial boundaries of States shall not be altered by force,
               and that any territorial disputes shall be settled exclusively by peaceful means,
               affirming the priority it attaches to the full and urgent implementation of all
               outstanding issues from the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), and
               underscoring that the future status of Abyei shall be resolved by negotiations between
               the parties in a manner consistent with the CPA and not by the unilateral actions of
               either party,
                     Underscoring that continued cooperation between the Government of the
               Republic of the Sudan and Government of the Republic of South Sudan is critical for
               peace, security and stability and the future relations between them, encouraging
               progress on improving bilateral relations and holding regular meetings of the Jo int
               Political and Security Mechanism (JPSM) and other joint mechanisms, and calling on
               both governments to implement their commitments in the 20 June 2011 Agreement
               between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People ’s Liberation Movement on
               Temporary Arrangements for the Administration and Security of the Abyei Area, the
               29 June 2011 Agreement between the Government of the Sudan and the Government
               of South Sudan on Border Security and the Joint Political and Security Mechanism
               (JPSM), the 30 July 2011 Agreement on the Border Monitoring Support Mission
               between the Government of Sudan and the Government of South Sudan, the

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*1807877*

S/RES/2416 (2018)

               27 September 2012 Agreements on Cooperation and Security Arrangements, and all
               subsequent decisions of the Joint Political and Security M echanism (JPSM),
                     Commending the continued assistance provided to the parties by the African
               Union (AU), the AU High Level Implementation Panel (AUHIP), the
               Intergovernmental Authority on Development, the Federal Democratic Republic of
               Ethiopia, the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Sudan and South Sudan, and
               United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA),
                     Acknowledging that over the course of the seven years since establishment of
               UNISFA, the mission has been able to stabilize and demilitarize the Abyei Area and
               that UNISFA is now an interim security force with no viable exit strategy, and in this
               regard, taking note of the need to reconfigure the mission in order to create the space
               for a viable political process that would also serve as an exit strategy,
                     Taking note of the security situation in the Abyei Area as characterized by the
               3 April 2018 Secretary-General’s report (S/2018/293), commending the UN Police
               for activities to advise and mentor the local population in absence of th e Abyei Police
               Service, urging both parties to urgently establish the Abyei Police Service, welcoming
               UNISFA’s enhanced role in fostering intercommunal dialogue, and urging all parties
               to continue these dialogue,
                     Commending the efforts of UNISFA in effectively carrying out its mandate,
               including by its ongoing facilitation of peaceful migration throughout the Abyei Area,
               conflict prevention, mediation and deterrence, and strongly underscoring the
               unacceptability of any attack on United Nations personnel, and reiterating that such
               attacks, which may constitute a war crime, should be swiftly and thoroughly
               investigated, and that those responsible should be held to account,
                    Bearing in mind the current humanitarian situation in which humanitarian actors
               continue to provide assistance to 170,000 people in the Abyei Area,
                    Recalling resolution 2378 (2017) and its request of the Secretary-General to
               ensure that data related to the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations, including
               peacekeeping performance data, is used to improve analytics and the evaluation of
               mission operations, based on clear and well identified benchmarks,
                     Further recalling resolutions 1325 (2000) and subsequent resolutions on
               women, peace, and security and emphasizing that persistent barriers to full
               implementation of these resolutions will only be dismantled through dedicated
               commitment to women’s empowerment, participation, and human rights, and through
               concerted leadership, consistent information and action, and support, to build
               women’s engagement in all levels of decision-making, also recalling resolution 2242
               and its aspiration to increase the number of women in military and police contingents
               of United Nations peacekeeping operations,
                     Expressing concern about the residual threat of landmines and explosive
               remnants of war in the Abyei Area, which hinders the safe return of displaced persons
               to their homes, safe migration, and livelihood activities,
                     Recalling that the Security Council welcomed in resolution 2205 (2015) the
               decision of the Secretary-General to appoint a civilian head of mission,
                    Recognizing that the current situation in Abyei and along the border between the
               Sudan and South Sudan continues to constitute a serious threat to international peace
               and security,
                     1.   Decides to extend until 15 November 2018 the mandate of UNISFA as set
               out in paragraph 2 of resolution 1990 (2011) and acting under Chapter VII of the

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                                                                                S/RES/2416 (2018)

           Charter of the United Nations, further decides to extend until 15 November 2018 the
           tasks of UNISFA as set out in paragraph 3 of resolution 1990 (2011);
                 2.   Recalls its decision in resolution 2412 (2018) to extend until 15 October
           2018 UNISFA’s mandate modification set forth in resolution 2024 (2011) and
           paragraph 1 of resolution 2075 (2012), further recalls its decision in resolution 2412
           (2018) that such extension shall be the final extension of support to the Joint Border
           Verification and Monitoring Mechanism (JBVMM) unless both parties demonstrate
           measurable progress as outlined in paragraph 3 of resolution 2412 (2018), and calls
           on the parties to take those steps;
                 3.    Decides to reduce the authorized troop ceiling to 4,500 until 15 November
           2018, and further decides that as of 15 October 2018, the authorized troop ceiling
           shall decrease to 3,959, unless it decides to extend the mandate modification set forth
           in resolution 2024 (2011) and paragraph 1 of resolution 2075 (2012), in accordance
           with paragraph 2 of resolution 2412 (2018);
                4.    Recalls the police ceiling established in resolution 1990 (2011) and
           requests the United Nations to immediately deploy additional United Nations police
           in order to meet the authorized police ceiling of 50, and demands that the
           Governments of Sudan and South Sudan provide full support to UNISFA in the
           deployment of these personnel, including by promptly issuing visas;
                 5.     Expresses its intention to revise the configuration and mandate of UNISFA
           in light of recommendations contained in the Secretary-General’s 22 April 2018 letter
           and in this regard, requests the Secretary-General report to it, in consultation with all
           relevant stakeholders in particular the Governments of the Sudan and the Republic of
           South Sudan, as outlined in paragraph 33 below;
                6.    Expresses disappointment that the parties have taken few steps to
           implement the Agreement on Temporary Arrangements for the Administration and
           Security of Abyei Area and to achieve a political resolution to the status of Abyei, and
           requests the parties update the AUHIP on the steps outlined below and invites the
           AUHIP to update it by 15 October 2018 on the steps taken towards the following:
                     1.    Resolution of the final status of Abyei to include steps towards
                considering the 2012 proposal made by AUHIP, noting, in particular the AU
                Peace and Security Council (AUPSC) Communiques of 26 October 2013 and
                6 February 2018,
                      2.    Implementation of all Abyei Joint Oversight Committee (AJOC)
                decisions, resolution of the allocation of positions as referred to the two
                Presidents, including delegation of sufficient authority to the AJOC chairs and
                other officials to make additional decisions and personnel appointments
                necessary to make, progress toward the establishment of the Abyei Area interim
                institutions, in accordance with the Agreement on Temporary Administrative
                and Security Arrangements for the Abyei Area of June 2011,
                     3.    Steps to promote reconciliation and engagement of the Misseriya and
                Ngok Dinka communities on the findings and recommendations of the Abyei
                Area Joint Investigation and Inquiry Committee;
                 7.     Urges continued progress toward the establishment of the Abyei Area
           interim institutions, in accordance with the Agreement on Temporary Administrative
           and Security Arrangements for the Abyei Area of June 2011, takes note, in particular,
           that in the absence of an Abyei Police Service, UNISFA continues to be the only entity
           to provide policing services in response to matters of law and order, further takes note
           of the mapping exercise from 30 November 2017 to 2 February 2018 by UN Police
           in conjunction with UN Agencies, Funds and Programmes and traditional leaders of

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               both communities for the eventual establishment of an Abyei Police Service, and
               urges the two governments to appoint the relevant officials to participate in, along
               with UNISFA, a joint integrated planning exercise and development of a roadmap
               towards establishment of the Abyei Police Service, by 15 October 2018;
                    8.   Encourages the AUHIP and the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General to
               continue coordinating efforts towards calling for full imp lementation of the 2011
               agreements;
                    9.    Welcomes renewed efforts to determine conclusively the Safe
               Demilitarized Border Zone (SDBZ) centreline on the ground, and reiterates that the
               centreline of the SDBZ in no way prejudices the current or future legal status of the
               border, ongoing negotiations on the disputed and claimed areas, and demarcation of
               the borders;
                     10. Underscores that UNISFA’s protection of civilians mandate as set out in
               paragraph 3 of resolution 1990 (2011) includes taking the necessary actions to protect
               civilians under imminent threat of physical violence, irrespective of the source of
               such violence, and commending UNISFA’s efforts in that regard;
                      11. Condemns the intermittent presence of South Sudan security service
               personnel and the deployment of Diffra Oil Police units in the Abyei Area, in violation
               of the 20 June 2011 Agreement, as well as any entry of armed militias into the
               territory, and reiterates its demands that immediately and without preconditions the
               Government of the Republic of South Sudan fully redeploy its security service
               personnel from the Abyei Area and that the Government of the Republic of the Sudan
               redeploy the Oil Police in Diffra from the Abyei Area, and further reiterates, in
               accordance with relevant resolutions, in particular resolution 1990 (2011) and
               resolution 2046 (2012), that the Abyei Area shall be demilitarized from any forces, as
               well as armed elements of the local communities, other than UNISFA and the Abyei
               Police Service;
                     12. Urges the two governments to take all necessary steps to ensure that Abyei
               is effectively demilitarized, including through disarmament programs as necessary;
                     13. Reaffirms that UNISFA may undertake weapons confiscation and
               destruction in the Abyei Area as authorized under resolution 1990 (2011), consistent
               with its mandate and within its existing capabilities, in coordination with the
               signatories of the June 2011 Agreement on the Temporary Arrangements for the
               Administration and Security of the Abyei Area, the AJOC, and the M isseriya and
               Ngok Dinka communities and consistent with the previous AJOC decision to establish
               the Area as a “weapons free area”;
                     14. Requests UNISFA to continue its dialogue with the AJOC and with the
               Misseriya and Ngok Dinka communities on effective strategies and oversight
               mechanisms for ensuring full compliance by all relevant parties with Abyei ’s status
               as a weapons-free area, and calls upon the Governments of Sudan and South Sudan,
               the AJOC, and the Misseriya and Ngok Dinka communities to extend full cooperation
               to UNISFA in this regard;
                     15. Welcomes UNISFA initiatives, to support community dialogue and efforts
               by the Misseriya and Ngok Dinka communities, such as peace committees, to
               strengthen inter-communal relationships and facilitate stability and reconciliation in
               the Abyei Area;
                    16. Urges the two Governments immediately to take steps to implement
               confidence-building measures among the respective communities in the Abyei Area,
               ensuring women are involved at all stages, including through reco nciliation processes
               at the grass-roots level as well as through support for the ongoing efforts of

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           non-governmental organizations engaging in peacebuilding, and by fully supporting
           UNISFA’s efforts in promoting community dialogue;
                 17. Underscores that women’s participation at all levels of inter-community
           dialogue is critical to ensure a credible, and legitimate process and calls upon all
           parties to promote full and equal participation of women;
                 18. Welcomes UNISFA’s continued efforts, within existing capabilities and
           resources, and in close coordination with the Misseriya and Ngok Dinka communities,
           to strengthen the capacities of Community Protection Committees in order to assist
           with management of law and order processes in Abyei, while ensuring the hu mane
           and dignified treatment of suspects and other detainees, and to continue engaging
           with both governments on this issue;
                 19. Welcomes the 14 November 2017 meeting of traditional leaders of Ngok
           Dinka and Misseriya communities, calls upon all parties to cooperate fully with the
           findings and recommendations following the Abyei Area Joint Investigation and
           Inquiry Committee’s investigation into the killing of a UNISFA peacekeeper and the
           Ngok Dinka Paramount Chief, welcomes the 24 March 2015 AUPSC press statement
           requesting the AU Commission to engage the parties on the findings and
           recommendations, and looks forward to the release of the African Union
           Commission’s report on the killing of the Ngok Dinka chief, as agreed to by the
           traditional leaders, and for the report to be used as a basis for reconciliation between
           the communities, bearing in mind the need to promote stability and reconciliation in
           the Abyei Area;
                 20. Calls upon all Member States, in particular Sudan and South Sudan, to
           ensure the free, unhindered and expeditious movement, to and from Abyei and
           throughout the SDBZ, of all personnel, as well as equipment, provisions, supplies and
           other goods, including vehicles, aircraft, and spare parts, which are for the exclusive
           and official use of UNISFA;
                 21. Renews its call upon the Governments of Sudan and South Sudan to
           provide full support to the United Nations, including by promptly issuing visas to
           military, police and civilian United Nations personnel, including humanitarian
           personnel, without prejudice to their nationality, for entry into Sudan and South
           Sudan, facilitating basing arrangements, infrastructure construction, including the
           Athony airport, in the Mission Area and flight clearances, and providing logistical
           support, calls upon the Governments of Sudan and South Sudan to facilitate travel
           from within Sudan and South Sudan to and from Abyei, and further calls upon all
           parties to fully adhere to their obligations under the Status of Forces Agreements;
                 22. Recognizes that the absence of development projects and the inability to
           deliver basic government services has had an adverse effect on Abyei populations and
           calls upon the Government of Sudan and the Government of South Sudan, as well as
           donors to support road maintenance, general reconstruction, and capacity-building;
                 23. Demands that the Government of Sudan and the Government of South
           Sudan continue to facilitate the deployment of the United Nations Mine Action
           Service (UNMAS) to ensure freedom of movement, as well as the identi fication and
           clearance of mines in the Abyei Area and SDBZ;
                  24. Further demands that all parties involved allow all humanitarian personnel
           full, safe and unhindered access to civilians in need of assistance and all necessary
           facilities for their operations, in accordance with international law, including
           applicable international humanitarian law, and United Nations guiding principles of
           humanitarian assistance;

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                     25. Strongly urges that all parties cease all forms of violence, human rights
               violations and abuses, violations of international humanitarian law, and, in particular
               violations and abuses of applicable international law committed against women and
               children;
                     26. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that effective human rights
               monitoring is carried out, including of any sexual and gender-based violence and
               violations and abuses of human rights committed against women and children and
               reiterates its call upon the Government of Sudan and the Government of South Sudan
               to extend their full cooperation to the Secretary-General to this end, including by
               issuing visas to the concerned United Nations personnel;
                    27. Requests the Secretary-General to seek to increase the number of women
               in UNISFA, as well as to ensure the meaningful participation of wome n in all aspects
               of operations;
                    28. Requests UNISFA to make rapid progress on deploying a Women and
               Child Protection Advisor;
                     29. Welcomes the initiatives undertaken by the Secretary General to
               standardize a culture of performance in UN peacekeeping, a nd calls on him to
               continue his efforts to develop an integrated performance policy framework and apply
               it to UNISFA;
                     30. Recalls its Presidential Statement S/PRST/2015/22 and its resolution 2272
               (2016) and requests the Secretary-General to take all necessary measures to ensure
               full compliance of UNISFA with the United Nations zero tolerance policy on sexual
               exploitation and abuse and to ensure that all personnel of the mission are vetted for
               history of sexual misconduct in the service with the United Nati ons and to keep it
               informed through his reports about UNISFA’s progress in this regard, and urges troop
               and police-contributing countries to take appropriate preventative action including
               pre-deployment awareness training, and to promote full accountabilit y in cases of
               such conduct involving their personnel;
                    31. Notes the Secretary-General’s efforts to ensure close cooperation among
               United Nations missions in the region, including UNISFA, the United Nations
               Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS), and the African Union-United
               Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID), as well as his Special Envoy for
               Sudan and South Sudan, and requests that he continue this practice;
               Reporting
                    32. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to inform it of progress in
               implementing UNISFA’s mandate, in one written report, no later than 15 October
               2018 and include reporting on:
                    • the movement of weapons into Abyei and the presence, destruction and
                      confiscation of weapons within Abyei per paragraph 13,
                    • the steps that have been taken in line with paragraph 29,
                    • results of human rights monitoring as requested in paragraph 26, including
                      information, analysis, and data on violations and abuses of human rights ,
                    • steps which the parties have taken per paragraphs 6 and 7;
                     33. Requests the Secretary-General to report no later than 15 August 2018 on
               detailed recommendations on the reconfiguration of the UNISFA mandate in order to
               create the space for a viable political process that would also serve as an exit strategy,
               including the role of the UN Country Teams in support of rule of law and
               peacebuilding, and detailed information on steps the governments should take to

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           create the conditions for an exit strategy, and in this regard, welcomes the Secretary-General’s initiative to undertake a military and police capability study, to include
           realigning military troops and associated equipment to match the security situation in
           Abyei, and further expresses its intention to continue reviewing as appropriate the
           mandate of UNISFA for reconfiguration based on the Secretary-General’s
           recommendations;
                34.   Decides to remain actively seized of this matter.

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Security Council resolution 2416 (2018) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) until 15 Nov. 2018]

UN Interim Security Force for Abyei|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|DEMILITARIZED ZONES|ABYEI (SUDAN)|SUDAN|SOUTH SUDAN

S/73 [217] UN INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI
S/73 [160] SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/73 [223] SOUTH SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan.


               United Nations                                                                       S/RES/2417 (2018)
               Security Council                                                   Distr.: General
                                                                                24 May 2018

               Resolution 2417 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8267th meeting, on
               24 May 2018

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling all relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 1296
               (2000), 1894 (2009), 2175 (2014), and 2286 (2016) and its Presidential Statement of
               9 August 2017 (S/PRST/2017/14),
                     Deeply concerned about the level of global humanitarian needs and the threat of
               famine presently facing millions of people in armed conflicts, as well as about the
               number of undernourished people in the world which, after decades of decreasing,
               increased over the last two years, with the majority of food insecure people and
               seventy-five percent of all stunted children under the age of five living in countries
               affected by armed conflict, amounting to 74 million people facing crisis food
               insecurity or worse in situations of armed conflict,
                    Noting the devastating impact on civilians of ongoing armed conflict and related
               violence, and emphasising with deep concern that ongoing armed conflicts and
               violence have devastating humanitarian consequences, often hindering an effective
               humanitarian response, and are therefore a major cause of the current risk of famine,
                     Expressing concern over the growing number of armed conflicts in different
               geographic areas all over the globe, and underlining the urgent need for redoubled
               efforts for their prevention and resolution, addressing where pertinent the regional
               dimensions of armed conflicts with specific emp hasis on regional diplomacy and
               arrangements,
                     Reiterating its commitment to pursue all possible avenues to prevent and end
               armed conflicts, including through addressing their underlying root causes in an
               inclusive, integrated and sustainable manner,
                    Recognising the need to break the vicious cycle between armed conflict and
               food insecurity,
                    Reiterating its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace
               and security and, in this connection, its commitment to address conflict -induced food
               insecurity, including famine, in situations of armed conflict,
                     Reaffirming the full respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States
               in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,

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                     Recognising that armed conflict impacts on food security can be direct, such as
               displacement from land, livestock grazing areas, and fishing grounds or destruction
               of food stocks and agricultural assets, or indirect, such as disruptions to food systems
               and markets, leading to increased food prices or decreased household purchasing
               power, or decreased access to supplies that are necessary for food preparation,
               including water and fuel,
                     Noting with deep concern the serious humanitarian threat, posed to civilians by
               landmines, explosive remnants of war and improvised explosive devices in affected
               countries, which has serious and lasting social and economic consequences for the
               populations of such countries and their agricultural activities, as well as of personnel
               participating in law enforcement, humanitarian, peacekeeping, rehabilitation and
               clearance programmes and operations,
                     Stressing the particular impact that armed conflict has on women, children,
               including as refugees and internally displaced persons, and other civilians who may
               have specific vulnerabilities including persons with disabilities and older persons, and
               stressing the protection and assistance needs of all affected civilian populations,
                     Reaffirming the important role of women in the prevention and resolution of
               conflicts and in peacebuilding, and stressing the importance of their equal
               participation and full involvement in all efforts for the maintenance and promotion of
               peace and security, and the need to increase their role in decision -making with regard
               to conflict prevention and resolution,
                    Recalling the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of
               1977, and the obligation of High Contracting Parties and parties to armed conflict to
               respect and ensure respect for international humanitarian law in all circumstance s,
                    Underlining that using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare may
               constitute a war crime,
                      Stressing that responding effectively to humanitarian needs in armed conflict,
               including the threat of conflict-induced famine and food insecurity in situations of
               armed conflict, requires respect for international humanitarian law by all parties to
               conflict, underlining the parties’ obligations related to protecting civilians and
               civilian objects, meeting the basic needs of the civilian population withi n their
               territory or under their effective control, and allowing and facilitating the rapid and
               unimpeded passage of impartial humanitarian relief to all those in need,
                     Recalling its intention to mandate United Nations peacekeeping and other
               relevant missions, where appropriate, to assist in creating conditions conducive to
               safe, timely and unimpeded humanitarian assistance,
                     Demanding that all parties to armed conflicts fully comply with their obligations
               under international law, including international human rights law, as applicable, and
               international humanitarian law, in particular their obligations under the Geneva
               Conventions of 1949 and the obligations applicable to them under the Additional
               Protocols thereto of 1977 and 2005, to ensure the respect and protection of all medical
               personnel and humanitarian personnel exclusively engaged in medical duties, their
               means of transport and equipment, as well as hospitals and other medical facilities,
                     Reaffirming the obligation of all parties to an armed conflict to comply with
               international humanitarian law, in particular their obligations under the Geneva
               Conventions of 1949 and the obligations applicable to them under the Additional
               Protocols thereto of 1977, to ensure the respect and protection of all hu manitarian
               personnel and United Nations and associated personnel, as well as with the rules and
               principles of international human rights law and refugee law,

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                 Reaffirming the need for all parties to armed conflict to respect the humanitarian
           principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence in the provision of
           humanitarian assistance, including medical assistance, and reaffirming also the need
           for all actors engaged in the provision of such assistance in situations of armed
           conflict to promote and fully adhere to these principles,
                 Stressing that the fight against impunity and to ensure accountability for
           genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes has been
           strengthened through the work on and prosecution of these crimes in the national and
           international criminal justice system, ad hoc and mixed tribunals as well as
           specialized chambers in national tribunals,
                Reaffirming the primary responsibility of States to protect the population
           throughout their whole territory,
                 1.    Recalls the link between armed conflict and violence and conflict-induced
           food insecurity and the threat of famine, and calls on all parties to armed conflict to
           comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law regarding
           respecting and protecting civilians and taking constant care to spare civilian objects,
           including objects necessary for food production and distribution such as farms,
           markets, water systems, mills, food processing and storage sites, and hubs and means
           for food transportation, and refraining from attacking, destroying, removing or
           rendering useless objects that are indispensable to the survival of the civilian
           population, such as foodstuffs, crops, livestock, agricultural assets, drinking water
           installations and supplies, and irrigation works, and respecting and protecting
           humanitarian personnel and consignments used for humanitarian relief operations;
                 2.    Stresses in this regard that armed conflict, violations of international
           humanitarian law and international human rights law, and food insecurity can be
           drivers of forced displacement, and, conversely, forced displacement in countries in
           armed conflict can have a devastating impact on agricultural production and
           livelihoods, recalls the relevant prohibition on the forced displacement of civilians in
           armed conflict, and stresses the importance of fully complying with international
           humanitarian law and other applicable international law in this context;
                 3.    Stresses the need for humanitarian assistance to be gender- and agesensitive, and to remain responsive to the different needs of the population, ensuring
           that these needs are integrated in the humanitarian response;
                 4.    Calls on all parties to armed conflict to comply with their obligations
           under international humanitarian law, and underlines the importance of safe and
           unimpeded access of humanitarian personnel to civilians in armed conflicts, calls
           upon all parties concerned, including neighbouring States, to cooperate fully with the
           United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator and United Nations agencies in providing
           such access, invites States and the Secretary-General to bring to its attention
           information regarding the unlawful denial of such access in violation of international
           law, where such denial may constitute a threat to international peace and security,
           and, in this regard, expresses its willingness to consider such information and, when
           necessary, to adopt appropriate steps;
                 5.  Strongly condemns the use of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare
           in a number of conflict situations and prohibited by international humanitarian law;
                 6.    Strongly condemns the unlawful denial of humanitarian access and
           depriving civilians of objects indispensable to their survival, including wilfully
           impeding relief supply and access for responses to conflict -induced food insecurity
           in situations of armed conflict, which may constitute a violation of international
           humanitarian law;

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                    7.     Urges all parties to protect civilian infrastructure which is critical to the
               delivery of humanitarian aid and to ensure the proper functioning of food systems and
               markets in situations of armed conflict;
                      8.    Urges those with influence over parties to armed conflict to remind the
               latter of their obligation to comply with international humanitarian law;
                     9.     Recalls that the Council has adopted and can consider to adopt sanction
               measures, where appropriate and in line with existing practice, that can be ap plied to
               individuals or entities obstructing the delivery of humanitarian assistance, or access
               to, or distribution of, humanitarian assistance;
                     10. Strongly urges States to conduct, in an independent manner, full, prompt,
               impartial and effective investigations within their jurisdiction into violations of
               international humanitarian law related to the use of starvation of civilians as a method
               of warfare, including the unlawful denial of humanitarian assistance to the civilian
               population in armed conflict, and, where appropriate, to take action against those
               responsible in accordance with domestic and international law, with a view to
               reinforcing preventive measures, ensuring accountability and addressing the
               grievances of victims;
                    11. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide information on the
               humanitarian situation and response, including on the risk of famine and food
               insecurity in countries with armed conflict, as part of his regular reporting on country -
               specific situations;
                      12. Further requests the Secretary-General to report swiftly to the Council
               when the risk of conflict-induced famine and wide-spread food insecurity in armed
               conflict contexts occurs, and expresses its intention to give its full attention to such
               information provided by the Secretary-General when those situations are brought to
               its attention;
                     13. Further requests the Secretary-General to brief the Security Council every
               twelve months on the implementation of this resolution within his annual briefing on
               the protection of civilians.

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Security Council resolution 2417 (2018) [on conflict-induced food insecurity]

HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|HUNGER|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE

S/73 [311] HUNGER
S/73 [189] CIVILIAN PERSONS--ARMED CONFLICTS
S/ X Protection of civilians in armed conflict.


               United Nations                                                                      S/RES/2418 (2018)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                31 May 2018

               Resolution 2418 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8273rd meeting, on
               31 May 2018

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling its previous resolutions and statements on South Sudan, in particular
               resolutions 2057 (2012), 2109 (2013), 2132 (2013), 2155 (2014), 2187 (2014), 2206
               (2015), 2241 (2015), 2252 (2015), 2271 (2016), 2280 (2016), 2290 (2016), 2302
               (2016), 2304 (2016), 2327 (2016), 2353 (2017), 2392 (2017), and 2406 (2018),
                     Condemning in the strongest terms the ongoing fighting in violation of the
               21 December 2017 “Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities, Protection of Civilians,
               and Humanitarian Access” (the ACOH), reiterating its demand that South Sudan’s
               leaders implement the permanent ceasefire declared in the 2015 “Agreement on the
               Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan” and ceasefires for which
               they respectively called on 11 July 2016 and 22 May 2017, as well as the ACOH, and
               calling on South Sudanese parties to demonstrate the political will to peacefully
               resolve the conflict,
                     Determining that the situation in South Sudan continues to constitute a threat to
               international peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Article 41 of Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.    Decides to renew until 15 July 2018 the measures imposed by paragraphs
               9 and 12 of resolution 2206 (2015), and reaffirms the provisions of paragraphs 10, 11,
               13, 14 and 15 of resolution 2206 (2015), and the provisions of paragraphs 8, 9 and 10
               of resolution 2290 (2016);
                    2.    Decides to extend until 14 August 2018 the mandate of the Panel of
               Experts as set out in subparagraphs (a), (b), (c), and (f) of paragraph 12 of resolution
               2290 (2016), and decides that the Panel of Experts should provide to the Committee
               updates each month, and expresses its intention to review the mandate and take
               appropriate action regarding the further extension of the mandate no later than 15 July
               2018;
                    3.    Requests the Secretary-General, in coordination with the Ceasefire and
               Transitional Security Arrangements Monitoring Mechanism (CTSAMM), to report by
               30 June 2018 whether any fighting has taken place since adoption of this resolution
               involving parties to the cessation of hostilities agreement in South Sudan and to report
               on whether the parties have come to a viable political agreement and decides that if
               the Secretary-General reports such fighting or lack of a viable political agreement, it

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               shall consider applying the measures specified in paragraphs 9 and 12 of resolution
               2206 (2015) to the individuals identified in Annex 1 to this resolution and/or an arms
               embargo within five days of the Secretary-General’s report;
                    4.    Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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                                                                                S/RES/2418 (2018)

Annex 1
           Travel Ban/Asset Freeze (Individuals)
           1.   (1) Koang (2) Rambang (3) Chol
                 a.    Description: Rambang led attacks in Bieh state that expanded or extended
           the conflict in South Sudan. He ordered his forces to restrict the movement of people
           working in humanitarian organizations. He was responsible for the detention of two
           pilots delivering aid, obstructing their humanitarian activities.
                b.    A.K.A.: (a) Koang (b) Rambang (c) Chuol
                c.    Identifiers: na
           2.   (1) Kuol (2) Manyang (3) Juuk
                 a.   Description: Under Juuk’s command, SPLA forces violated the Agreement
           on Cessation of Hostilities, Protection of Civilians, and Humanitarian Access
           (ACOH) after it was signed by the Government of South Sudan in 2017 by attacking
           civilians. Juuk provided military equipment to the Sudan People ’s Liberation
           Movement-North (SPLM-N), in violation of the ACOH. In 2017, under Juuk’s
           command the SPLM expanded or extended the conflict through offensives in Pagak.
                b.    A.K.A.: (a) Kuol (b) Manyang (c) Juuk Chaw
                c.    Identifiers: DOB: 1945
           3.   (1) Malek (2) Reuben (3) Riak (4) Rengu
                 a.   Description: As SPLA Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, Riak was one
           of the senior officials of the Government of South Sudan who planned and oversaw
           an offensive in 2015 that resulted in widespread destruction and large population
           displacement.
                b.    A.K.A.: (1) Malek (2) Ruben
                c.    Identifiers: DOB: 01 Jan 1960
           4.   (1) Martin (2) Elia (3) Lomuro
                 a.    Description: In violation of the Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities,
           Protection of Civilians, and Humanitarian Access (ACOH) signed by the Government
           of South Sudan in 2017, Lomuro threatened members of the press, obstructed
           humanitarian missions, and threatened to eliminate the Ceasefire and Transitional
           Security Arrangements Monitoring Mechanism (CTSAMM). Lomuro also obstructed
           the activities of UNMISS.
                b.    A.K.A.: (a) Martin (b) Elia (c) Lomoro; (a) Martin (b) Elias (c) Lomoro
                c.    Identifiers: DOB: (a) November 20, 1957 or (b) December 1958
           5.   (1) Michael (2) Makuei (3) Lueth
                 a.   Description: Makuei expanded or extended the conflict in South Sudan
           through planning and coordinating a 2014 attack on the UN compound sheltering
           internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Bor. He obstructed the formation of the
           Transitional Government of National Unity, and worked to obstruct deployment of
           the Regional Protection Force of UNMISS. As Minister of Information, Broadcasting,
           Telecommunications, and Postal Services he has overseen attempts to repress the
           freedom of expression of civilians through the suppression of publications. He
           worked to close a UN-operated radio station authorized by the Status of Forces
           Agreement (SOFA) between the government and the UN.

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                   b.   A.K.A.: (a) Michael Makwei (b) Michael Makwei Lueth (c) Michael
               Makuei Lueth Makuei
                    c.    Identifiers: DOB: 1947; POB: (a) Bor, South Sudan (b) Bor, Sudan;
               Nationality: (a) South Sudan (b) Sudan (c) Kenya
               6.   (1) Paul (2) Malong (3) Awan
                     a.   Description: As Chief of General Staff of the SPLA, Malong expanded or
               extended the conflict in South Sudan through breaches of the Cessation of Hostilities
               Agreement and breaches of the 2015 Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in
               South Sudan (ARCSS). He reportedly directed efforts to kill opposition leader Riek
               Machar. He ordered SPLA units to prevent the transport of humanitarian supplies.
               Under Malong’s leadership, the SPLA attacked civilians, schools and hospitals;
               forced the displacement of civilians; carried out enforced disappearances; arbitrarily
               detained civilians; and conducted acts of torture, and rape. He mobilized the Mathiang
               Anyoor Dinka tribal militia, which uses child soldiers. Under his leadership, the
               SPLA restricted UNMISS, JMEC, and CTSAMM access to sites to investigate and
               document abuses.
                    b.    A.K.A.: (a) Paul Malong Awan Anei (b) Paul Malong (c) Bol Malong
                    c.   Identifiers: DOB: 1962; Alt DOB: (a) 4 December 1960 or (b) 12 April
               1960; POB: Malualkon, South Sudan; Nationality: (a) South Sudan (b) Uganda;
               Passport Nos.: (a) South Sudan S00004370 (b) South Sudan D00001369 (c) Sudan
               003606 (d) Sudan 00606 (e) Sudan B002606

4/4                                                                                18-08767

Security Council resolution 2418 (2018) [on renewal of sanctions imposed by Security Council resolution 2206 (2015) and extension of the mandate of the Panel of Experts on South Sudan until 14 Aug. 2018]

UN. Panel of Experts on South Sudan Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 2206 (2015)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|SANCTIONS|SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE|FROZEN ASSETS|TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|CEASEFIRES|SOUTH SUDAN

S/73 [223] SOUTH SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan.


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2419 (2018)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                6 June 2018

                                                                                Original: English

               Resolution 2419 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8277th meeting,
               on 6 June 2018

                    The Security Council,
                    Reaffirming its commitment to the full implementation of resolution 2250
               (2015),
                    Recalling its resolutions 1325 (2000), 1820 (2008), 1889 (2009), 1960 (2010),
               2106 (2013), 2122 (2013) and 2242 (2015) on Women, Peace and Security and all
               relevant Statements of its President,
                    Recalling also its resolutions on Countering Terrorism including 2178 (2014),
               2195 (2014), 2354 (2017), 2395 (2017) and 2396 (2017) and the Statement of its
               President S/PRST/2015/11,
                    Recalling further its resolutions 1265 (1999) and 1894 (2009) on the Protection
               of Civilians in Armed Conflict,
                    Recalling its resolutions 1645 (2005), 2282 (2016) and 2413 (2018) on the
               peacebuilding architecture and the Statements of its President on Post -Conflict
               Peacebuilding S/PRST/2012/29 and S/PRST/2015/2,
                     Noting that the term youth is defined in the context of this resolution as persons
               of the age of 18–29 years old, and further noting the variations of definition of the
               term that may exist on the national and international levels, including the definition
               of youth in the General Assembly Resolutions A/RES/50/81 and A/RES/56/117,
                    Bearing in mind the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations
               and the primary responsibility of the Security Council under the Charter for the
               maintenance of international peace and security,
                     Reaffirming the importance of promoting the United Nations’ ability to deliver
               on its founding determination to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war
               and putting emphasis on preventive diplomacy, mediation and good offices,
               peacekeeping, peacebuilding, and sustaining peace,
                     Reaffirming also the important and positive contribution youth can make to the
               efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security,
                     Reaffirming further the important role youth can play in the prevention and
               resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and
               success of peacekeeping and peace building efforts,

18-09198 (E)
*1809198*

S/RES/2419 (2018)

                    Reaffirming the importance of national ownership and leadership in
               peacebuilding, whereby the responsibility for sustaining peace is broadly shared by
               the Government and all other national stakeholders,
                     Reaffirming also the primary responsibility of national governments and
               authorities in identifying, driving and directing priorities, strategies and activities for
               peacebuilding and sustaining peace and emphasizes that inclusivity, including by
               ensuring full and effective participation of youth without distinction of any kind, such
               as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social
               origin, property, birth or other status is key to advancing national peacebuilding
               processes and objectives in order to ensure that the needs of all segments of society
               are taken into account,
                     Recognizing the importance of civil society, including community-based civil
               society, youth, the private sector, academia, think tanks, media, women, and cultural,
               educational, and religious leaders in increasing awareness about the threats of
               terrorism and more effectively tackling them,
                     Emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach to peacebuilding and
               sustaining peace, particularly through the prevention of conflict and addressing its
               root causes at all stages of conflict,
                    Recognizing the important contribution of an integrated approach in the
               implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,
                     Expressing concern over the increased use, in a globalized society, by terrorists
               and their supporters of new information and communication technologies, in
               particular the Internet, for the purposes of recruitment and incitement of youth to
               commit terrorist acts, as well as for the financing, planning and preparation of their
               activities, and underlining the need for Member States to act cooperatively to prevent
               terrorists from exploiting technology, communications and resources to incite support
               for terrorist acts, while respecting human rights and fundamental freedoms and in
               compliance with other obligations under international law,
                     Recognizing the challenges faced by youth which put them at particular risk,
               including gender inequalities that perpetuate all forms of discrimination and violence,
               and persistent inequalities that put young women at particular risk, and therefore
               reaffirming the commitment to the empowerment of women and gender equality,
                     Recognizing also the growing contribution of sport and culture to the realization
               of development and peace in its promotion of tolerance and respect and the
               contributions it makes to the empowerment of youth and women, individuals and
               communities as well as to health, education and social inclusion ob jectives,
                     Reaffirming the right to education and its contribution to the achievement of
               peace and security and further recognizing that investment in universal, and inclusive
               education and training is an important policy investment that States can make to
               ensure the immediate and long-term development of youth, and reiterating that access
               to inclusive, equitable and quality formal and non-formal education are important
               factors that enable youth to acquire the relevant skills and to build their capacities,
                    1.     Notes the independent Progress Study on Youth, Peace and Security, “The
               missing peace” presented by the independent lead author and of the Advisory Group
               of Experts;
                     2.    Calls on all relevant actors, to consider ways to increase the inclusive
               representation of youth for the prevention and resolution of conflict, including when
               negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to take into account, the meaningful
               participation and views of youth, recognizing that their marginalization is detrimental

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                                                                                S/RES/2419 (2018)

           to building sustainable peace and countering violent extremism as and when
           conducive to terrorism;
                3.    Recognizes the role youth can play in conflict prevention and resolution;
                 4.   Reiterates the importance of Security Council missions taking into account
           youth-related considerations including, as appropriate, through consultation with
           local and international youth groups;
                 5.    Calls upon all parties to armed conflict to comply strictly with the
           obligations applicable to them under international law relevant to the protection of
           civilians, including youth, including the obligations applicable to them under the
           Geneva Conventions of 1949 and additional protocols thereto of 1977 and urges
           Member States to consider specific measures, in conformity with international law,
           that ensure, during armed conflict and post conflict, the protection of civilians,
           including youth;
                6.    Also calls upon Member States to comply with their respective obligations
           to end impunity and further calls on them to investigate and prosecute those
           responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious
           crimes perpetrated against civilians, including youth;
                 7.    Reaffirms that states must respect, promote and protect the human rights
           of all individuals, including youth, within their territory and subject to their
           jurisdiction as provided for by relevant international law and reaffirms that each state
           bears the primary responsibility to protect its populations from genocide, war crimes,
           ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity;
                 8.  Urges Member States to protect youth from violence in armed conflict,
           and urges all parties to eliminate all forms of sexual and gender based violence as
           well as human trafficking;
                 9.    Recognizes the role of youth in promoting a culture of peace, tolerance,
           intercultural and interreligious dialogue that aims at discouraging their participation
           in acts of violence, terrorism, xenophobia, and all forms of discrimination and
           reiterates that efforts to counter terrorist narratives can benefit through engagement
           with a wide range of actors, including youth and youth-led civil society;
                10. Recognizes that youth and youth-led civil society can also play an
           important role in efforts to peacebuilding and sustaining peace;
                 11. Reaffirming states’ obligation to respect, promote and protect human rights
           and fundamental freedoms of all individuals, including youth, and ensure equal access
           to justice and preserve the integrity of rule of law institutions; and foster an enabling
           and safe environment for youth working on peace and security;
                 12. Calls upon Member States, to protect educational institutions as spaces
           free from all forms of violence, and to ensure that they are a ccessible to all youth,
           including marginalized youth, and take steps to address young women ’s equal
           enjoyment of their right to education;
                 13. Stresses the importance of creating policies for youth that would positively
           contribute to peacebuilding efforts, including social and economic development,
           supporting projects designed to grow local economies, and provide youth
           employment opportunities and vocational training, fostering their education, and
           promoting youth entrepreneurship and constructive political engagement;
                 14. Urges Member States to consider, as appropriate, how their political,
           financial, technical and logistical support in conflict and post -conflict situations takes
           into account the needs and participation of youth in peace efforts;

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S/RES/2419 (2018)

                    15. Recommends the Peacebuilding Commission to include in its discussions
               and advice, ways to engage youth meaningfully in national efforts to build and sustain
               peace;
                     16. Urges the Secretary-General and his Special Envoys to take into account
               the views of youth in relevant discussions pertinent the maintenance of peace and
               security, peacebuilding and sustaining peace, and to facilitate the equal and full
               participation of youth at decision-making levels, paying particular attention to the
               inclusion of young women;
                     17. Also urges appropriate regional and subregional bodies in particular to
               consider developing and implementing policies and programs for youth and to
               facilitate their constructive engagement;
                    18. Expresses its intention, where appropriate, to invite civil society including
               youth-led organizations to brief the Council in country-specific considerations and
               relevant thematic areas;
                    19. Encourages relevant entities of the United Nations, Rapporteurs and
               Special Envoys and Representatives of the Secretary-General, including the
               Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, to improve their coordination and interaction
               regarding the needs of youth during armed conflicts and post -conflict situations;
                     20. Requests the Secretary-General, where appropriate, to consider including
               in his reporting to the Security Council information on the progress made towards
               participation of youth in peace processes, including disarmament, demobilization and
               reintegration processes and interlinked programmes such as community violence
               reduction;
                    21. Recommends that the Secretary-General consider internal mechanisms to
               broaden the participation of youth within the work of the United Nations;
                     22. Requests the Secretary-General to submit, no later than May 2020 a report
               to the Council on the implementation of this resolution and of resolution 2250;
                    23.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

4/4                                                                                18-09198

Security Council resolution 2419 (2018) [on youth in conflict prevention and resolution]

YOUTH|WAR PREVENTION|PEACEMAKING|PEACEBUILDING|HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS

S/ X Maintenance of international peace and security.
S/73 [11] YOUTH
S/73 [27] PEACEBUILDING


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2420 (2018)
               Security Council                                               Distr.: General
                                                                              11 June 2018

               Resolution 2420 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8282nd meeting, on
               11 June 2018

                    The Security Council,
                      Recalling its resolution 1970 (2011) imposing the arms embargo on Libya and
               all its subsequent relevant resolutions,
                    Recalling its resolutions 2292 (2016) and 2357 (2017) concerning the strict
               implementation of the arms embargo on the high seas off the coast of Libya,
                    Mindful of its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace
               and security under the Charter of the United Nations,
                    Reaffirming its determination that terrorism, in all forms and manifestations,
               constitutes one of the most serious threats to peace and security,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.   Decides to extend the authorizations as set out in resolution 2357 for a
               further 12 months from the date of this resolution;
                    2.   Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council within
               eleven months of the adoption of this resolution on its implementation;
                    3.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

18-09549 (E)
*1809549*

Security Council resolution 2420 (2018) [on extension of the authorizations on the inspection of vessels on the high seas off the coast of Libya for a period of 12 months]

Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|SANCTIONS|ARMS EMBARGO|SHIP INSPECTION|LIBYA

S/73 [219] LIBYA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Libya.