               United Nations                                                                      S/RES/2659 (2022)
               Security Council                                                   Distr.: General
                                                                                14 November 2022

               Resolution 2659 (2022)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 9190th meeting, on
               14 November 2022

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling all of its previous resolutions, statements of its President, and press
               statements on the situation in the Central African Republic (CAR),
                      Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and
               territorial integrity of the CAR, and recalling the importance of the principles o f
               non-interferen ce, good-neighbourliness and regional cooperation,
                      Reaffirming the basic principles of peacekeeping, such as consent of the parti es,
               impartiality, and non-use of force, except in self-defence and defence of the mandat e,
               recognising that the mandate of each peacekeeping mission is specific to the need and
               situation of the country concerned, underlining that the mandates that it authori ses
               are consistent with the basic principles, reiterating that the Security Council expect s
               full delivery of the mandates it authorises, and recalling in this regard its resoluti o n
               2436 (2018),
                     Recalling that the CAR authorities have the primary responsibility to protect all
               populations in the CAR, including from international crimes, recognising the
               persistent security challenge threatening civilians, also underlining the importance o f
               national efforts to restore State authority in all parts of the country to ove rcome the
               threats posed by armed groups,
                     Emphasising that any sustainable solution to the crisis in the CAR should be
               CAR-owned , including the political process, and should prioritise reconciliation o f
               the Central African people, through an inclusive process that involves men and
               women of all social, economic, political, religious and ethnic backgrounds, includin g
               those displaced by the crisis,
                     Recalling the signing of the Political Agreement on Peace and Reconciliation in
               the CAR by the CAR authorities and 14 armed groups in Bangui on 6 February 2019
               (“the APPR”), after the peace talks that took place in Khartoum, Sudan, within the
               framewo rk of the African Initiative for Peace and Reconciliation in the CAR and
               under the auspices of the African Union (AU), and stressing its centrality and the need
               for further progress in its implementation,
                     Reaffirming that implementation of the APPR remains the only mechanism fo r
               achieving lasting peace and stability in the CAR and the only framework for dialogu e
               with armed groups that have renounced violence,

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                     Condemning in the strongest terms violations of the APPR and violence
               perpetrated by all parties to the conflict, particularly armed groups, throughout the
               country, including through the increased use of explosive o rdnance, violence aimin g
               at obstructing the electoral process, incitement to violence and hatred targeti n g
               specifically persons belonging to certain ethnic and religious communities resulti n g
               in deaths, injuries and displacements, violations of internation al humanitarian law
               and human rights violations and abuses, including those committed against children
               and those involving conflict-related sexual violence,
                     Taking note of the joint MINUSC A-OHC HR annual report to the Securi t y
               Council on violations and abuses of human rights and violations of internatio n al
               humanitarian law committed in the Central African Republic and noting with concern
               that violations and abuses were committed by all parties to the conflict, includin g
               armed groups, welcoming the response submitted by the CAR authorities to address
               the report’s findings, and expressing support for the implementation of the preventi v e
               and corrective measures proposed by the government,
                     Stressing the urgent and imperative need to end impunity in the CAR, noting the
               ongoing work of the Special Commission of Enquiry and calling on the C AR
               authorities to swiftly investigate allegations of crimes and to bring to justice
               perpetrators of violations of international humanitarian law and of violations and
               abuses of human rights,
                     Noting that a sustainable solution to the crisis in the CAR and the eliminati o n
               of the threat posed by armed groups requires an integrated regional strategy and a
               strong political commitment from the CAR authorities and regional countries, also
               noting the importance of addressing the root causes of conflict, including illici t
               exploitation and trade of natural resources, and to put an end to the recurring cycl es
               of violence, as indicated in the APPR,
                     Welcoming the strategic review meeting convened on 4 June 2022 by Presid en t
               Faustin-Archang e Touadéra with regional and international partners of the peace
               process, following the roadmap adopted by the International Conference of the Great
               Lakes Region (ICGLR ) in Luanda on 16 September 2021 under the leadership o f
               Angola and Rwanda (‘the roadmap’), noting the government’s ongoing efforts and
               Prime Minister Félix Moloua’s leadership to coordinate the implementation of the
               APPR through ICGLR road map (“the peace process”), welcoming the national
               ownership of the peace process, urging all parties to the conflict in the CAR to respect
               the ceasefire announced on 15 October 2021, expressing concern that some signatori es
               to the APPR continue to disregard their commitments and underscoring the need fo r
               neighbouring states, regional organisations and all international partners to suppo rt
               the implementation of the APPR via the roadmap and to continue coordinating thei r
               actions with the CAR Government to bring lasting peace and stability to the CAR,
                      Underlining the continued and crucial need to support national efforts toward s
               the extension of State authority and the reform of the security sector (SSR) and
               capacity building of security institutions in the CAR to assume full resp onsibility o f
               its security,
                     Underlining that lasting peace and security in the CAR will not be achieved
               without a combination of political, security, peacebuilding and sustainab l e
               development efforts benefitting all regions of the CAR, as well as the full , effect i v e
               and inclusive implementation of the APPR and the full, equal and meaning fu l
               participation of women and youth,
                    Welcoming the work carried out by MINUSC A, the African Union Observ er
               Mission in the CAR (MOUAC A), the European Union Training Missio n in the C AR
               (EUTM-RC A ) and the European Union Advisory Mission in the CAR (EUAM -R C A ),

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           as well as the support of CAR’s other international and regional partners, includin g
           France, the Russian Federation, the United States, the People’s Republic of China an d
           the Republic of Rwanda, to train and enhance the capacities of the CAR defence and
           security forces, and encouraging coherence, transparency and effective coordinati o n
           of international support to the CAR,
                  Condemning cross-border criminal activities by all parties, including armed
           groups, such as arms trafficking, illicit trade, illegal exploitation, and trafficking o f
           natural resources, including gold, diamonds, timber, and wildlife, as well as the illici t
           transfer, destabilising accumulation and misuse of small arms and light weapons, that
           threaten the peace and stability of the CAR, also condemning the use of mercen ari es
           and violations of international humanitarian law and human rights abuses perpetrat ed
           by them, encouraging the Government of CAR to work with neighbouring countri es
           to secure its borders and other entry points to prevent the cross-border flows of armed
           combatants, arms and conflict minerals, stressing the need for CAR authorities to
           finalise and implement, in cooperation with relevant part ners, a strategy to tackle the
           illegal exploitation and smuggling of natural resources, and encouraging the
           government of CAR and neighbouring countries to work together to secure thei r
           borders,
                Noting the Republican Dialogue held in March 2022 and calling for further step s
           from the government of the Central African Republic and all political actors to
           implement the recommendation s of this dialogue to resolve any arising issue and
           conclude the electoral process through the organisation of local elections,
                  Taking note of the upcoming local elections in 2023 and underlining the primary
           responsibility of the CAR authorities in organising those elections, recalling the
           necessity to conduct the electoral process in accordance with the Constituti o n ,
           stressing that only inclusive, free and fair elections, carried out in a transparen t ,
           credible, peaceful and timely manner, undisturbed by disinformation and other fo rms
           of manipulation of information, can bring lasting stability to the CAR, includin g
           through the full, equal, meaningful and safe participation of women, reaffirming the
           importance of the participation of the youth, encouraging the CAR authorities, wit h
           the support of relevant partners, to promote the participation of internally displaced
           persons (IDPs) and refugees in accordance with the Constitution of the CAR ,
           acknowledging the challenges faced by the CAR authorities in organising those
           elections and encouraging international partners to support their efforts, including by
           providing financial and technical support towards the process,
                 Recalling its resolutions on the protection of civilians in armed conflict, on
           Women, Peace and Security, on Youth, Peace and Security, and on Children and
           Armed Conflict, welcoming the government’s development of interministerial plan s
           to implement the Child Protection Code, taking note of the Report of the Secret ary -
           General on children and armed conflict in the Central African Republic of 15 Octo b er
           2021 (S/2021/882), remaining concerned by the surge in the number of violations o f
           international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights against
           children, calling upon all the parties in the CAR to engage with the Speci al
           Representative on Children and Armed Conflict and the Special Representative on
           Sexual Violence in Conflict, welcoming the decision by the CAR government to creat e
           a strategic committee to prevent and respond to gender-based violence linked to
           conflict, and urging the government and other signatories of the APPR to work wit h
           the United Nations to develop a national strategy to prevent and eliminate the si x
           grave violations against children recognised by the Special Representative on
           Children and Armed Conflict,
                  Expressing serious concern about the dire and deteriorating humanitari an
           situation in the CAR and the consequences of the security situation on humanitari an

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               access, condemning in the strongest terms increased attacks by armed groups against
               humanitarian and medical personnel and obstruction to humanitarian access, and
               emphasising the current humanitarian needs of more than half of the population o f
               the country, including civilians under threat from violence, as well as the alarmi n g
               situation of IDPs and refugees, recognising the threat resulting from the use o f
               explosive ordnance by armed groups and its impact on civilians, including children ,
               as well as peacekeepers, humanitarian personnel and CAR defence and security forces
               and welcoming the collaboration between MINUSC A, UN agencies, the Afri can
               Union, the World Bank, technical and financial partners of the CAR and NGOs to
               support development and humanitarian efforts in the CAR and their adaptation to the
               COVID-19 pandemic, which has exacerbated existing vulnerabilities,
                    Recalling the UN guiding principles of humanitarian emergency assistance,
                      Recalling resolution 2532 (2020) demanding a general and immediate cessati o n
               of hostilities in all situations on the Council’s agenda, as well as calling upon all
               parties to armed conflicts to engage immediately in a durable humanitarian pause, in
               order to enable the safe, timely, unhindered and sustained delivery of humanitari an
               assistance consistent with the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrali t y,
               impartiality and independence,
                      Recognising the adverse effects of climate change, ecological changes and
               natural disasters, among other factors, on the stability of the Central African regio n ,
               including through drought, desertification , land degradation, food insecurity, and
               energy access, and stressing the need for comprehensive risk assessment by the
               United Nations relating to these factors and for long -term strategies by governmen t s
               of the Central African region and the United Nations to support stabilisation and build
               resilience,
                     Condemning in the strongest terms all attacks, provocations and incitement to
               hatred and violence against MINUSC A and other international forces by armed
               groups and other perpetrators, in particular violatio ns of the Status of Forces
               Agreement, including the ban on night flights, which must be strictly respected by the
               CAR authorities, as well as disinformation campaigns including through social medi a,
               paying tribute to the personnel of MINUSCA who sacrificed their lives in the servi ce
               of peace, underlining that attacks targeting peacekeepers may constitute war cri mes,
               reminding all parties of their obligations under international humanitarian law and
               urging the CAR authorities to work with MINUSC A to enhance the safety and
               security of MINUSC A’s personnel and to take all possible measures to ensure the
               arrest and prosecution of perpetrators, including in line with resolution 2518 (202 0 )
               and 2589 (2021),
                     Recognising the importance of effective strategic communications to the
               implementation of MINUSC A’s mandate, particularly the protection of civilians and
               the support to the peace process, and to the safety and security of its personnel, and
               emphasising the need to continue to enhance MINUSCA’s capabilities in this regard,
                    Welcoming the independent strategic review on the responses of United Natio n s
               peacekeeping operations to explosive ordnance devices (EOD – S/2021/1042) and
               noting its recommendations may be useful guidance for troop -and police-contribu t i n g
               countries of MINUSC A,
                    Recalling peacekeeping performance         requirements under resolutions 2378
               (2017) and 2436 (2018),
                    Taking note of the Report of the Secretary-Gen eral          of 13 October 2022
               (S/2022/762),

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                 Determining that the situation in the CAR continues to constitute a threat to
           international peace and security in the region,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

           Political process, including the implementatio n of the APPR, and extension of
           State authority
                 1.    Encourages President Faustin-Archan ge Touadéra and his government to
           pursue their efforts to promote lasting peace and stability in the CAR through a
           comprehensive and reinvigorated political and peace process, which includes respect
           for the ceasefire, an inclusive Republican Dialogue, and implementation of the APPR ;
                 2.    Urges all parties to the conflict in the CAR to respect the ceasefire, and
           calls on the CAR authorities and the signatory armed groups to fully implement the
           APPR in good faith and without delay in order to meet the aspirations of the peopl e
           of the CAR to peace, security, justice, reconciliation, inclusivity and developmen t ,
           and to resolve their disputes peacefully, including through the follow-up and disput e
           resolution mechanisms of the APPR, and ensure full, equal and meaning fu l
           participation of women in such mechanisms and in the mechanisms established by the
           APPR to support and monitor its implementation, and in the implementation of the
           recommendation s of the Republican dialogue;
                  3.   Demands that all forms of violence against civilians, United Natio n s
           peacekeepers and humanitarian personnel, destabilising activities, incitement to
           hatred and violence, disinformation campaigns including through social medi a,
           restrictions on freedom of movement and obstruction of the electoral process cease
           immediately and that armed groups lay down their arms and permanently disband in
           line with their commitments under the APPR;
                 4.    Strongly condemns all violations of international humanitarian law
           committed in the CAR, including attacks on the civilian population, MINUSC A
           peacekeepers and humanitarian actors, as well as human rights abuses and gender -
           based violence, recalls that individuals or entities that undermine peace and stabilit y
           in the CAR could be listed for targeted measures pursuant to resolution 2648 (202 2 ),
           and expresses its readiness to consider such measures for individuals or entities that
           violate the ceasefire;
                  5.    Welcomes the continued engagement of the region in support of the peace
           process, including through the roadmap, calls on neighbouring states, region al
           organisations and all international partners to support the peace process, including the
           implementation of the APPR via the roadmap, in a manner that is coherent and
           coordinated with the good offices of MINUSC A, including through financial suppo rt
           and strengthened partnerships, emphasises the important role of the guarantors and
           facilitators of the APPR, including the AU, the ECCAS, and nei ghbouring stat es,
           using their influence to enhance adherence by armed groups to their commitmen t s,
           also calls on neighbouring states to support the CAR authorities in their efforts to
           enable the participation of refugees in the electoral processes, and further emphasi ses
           the importance of establishing and implementing measures, including sanctions, and
           mechanisms that could be applied against non-compliant parties pursuant to article 35
           of the APPR;
                 6.    Calls on the CAR authorities and the authorities of neighbouring countri es
           to cooperate at the regional level to investigate and combat transnational crimi n al
           networks and armed groups involved in arms trafficking and in the illegal exploitati o n
           of natural resources, calls for the reactivation and regular follow-up of bilateral joint
           commissions between the CAR and neighbouring countries to address cross-b o rd e r

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               issues, including issues related to arms trafficking, and take agreed next steps to
               secure common borders;
                     7.    Encourages the CAR authorities to cement and broaden national
               awareness and ownership of the peace process, including through sensitisat i o n
               campaigns, recalls in this regard the crucial role of political parties, including the
               opposition, civil society and faith-based organisations in the peace and reconciliat i o n
               process and the need for the CAR authorities to adequately promote its participat i o n
               in the implementation of the APPR as well as in the comprehensive political process,
               and further encourages the full, equal and meaningful participation of women and
               youth in this process;
                      8.   Urges the CAR authorities to urgently implement a genuinely inclusiv e
               process to support reconciliation in the CAR by addressing the root causes of the
               conflict, including the marginalisation of civilians from speci fic communities, issu es
               of national identity, local grievances of all the components of society over the who l e
               territory of the CAR, and issues related to transhumance and the illegal exploitati o n
               of natural resources, including through national and local electoral processes and the
               implementation of political reforms provided under the APPR, national policies on
               economic development and civil service recruitment, and support the implementat i o n
               of the Truth, Justice, Reparation and Reconciliation Commission mandate, and to
               promote reconciliation initiatives at the regional, national, prefectural and local
               levels;
                      9.   Urges the CAR authorities and all national stakeholders to ensure the
               preparation of inclusive, free and fair local elections in 2023, carried out in a
               transparent, credible, peaceful and timely manner, in accordance with the Constituti o n
               of the CAR and the decisions of the Constitutional Court, with the full, equal ,
               meaningful and safe participation of women as voters and candidates, including b y
               meeting the quota of at least 35 percent of women as required by the law of the C AR
               and by addressing risks of harm, including threats, violence and hate speech, and
               ensuring necessary protection for women in these roles, encourages the participat i o n
               of youth, urges CAR authorities to support the appropriate legislative framewo rk to
               enable durable financing of decentralised government and to ensure adequat e
               infrastructure to support newly elected officials, calls on all parties to refrain fro m
               incitement to hatred and violence, including through social media platforms, and to
               engage in dialogue, including through the Republican Dialogue, in order to solve any
               outstanding issues regarding the electoral framework, further calls upon C AR
               authorities to allow political space for the role, rights and responsibilities of legall y
               constituted political parties, including opposition parties, and also ensure secu re
               conditions for the conduct of elections and unrestricted access to the polls, includin g
               through cooperation with MINUSC A, consistent with the Mission’s role regard i n g
               the protection of civilians, and encourages the international community to provi d e
               adequate support, including technical and financial support, to the upcomi n g
               elections;
                     10. Calls upon all parties to respect the civilian and humanitarian character of
               camps and settlements for IDPs and refugees, as such, also calls upon the C AR
               authorities to ensure that national policies and legislative framework s adequatel y
               protect the human rights of all displaced persons, including freedom of movemen t ,
               create conditions conducive to durable solutions for IDPs and refugees on an
               informed basis, including their voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return, local
               integration or resettlement, and provide for their participation in the elections;
                     11. Urges the CAR authorities to address the presence and activity of armed
               groups in the CAR by implementing a comprehensive strategy that priorit i ses
               dialogue, in line with the APPR via the roadmap, and the urgen t implementation o f

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           an inclusive, gender-sensitive and effective DDR process, as well as repatriat i o n
           (DDRR) in the case of foreign fighters, including children formerly associated wit h
           armed forces and groups, as well as continuing the implementation of c ommun i t y
           violence reduction projects, also urges the CAR authorities and signatory armed
           groups to accelerate the implementation of the interim security measures provided fo r
           in the APPR, to promote trust and confidence between signatory parties and as a
           platform for the deployment of State authority, in a manner complementary to DDR R
           and SSR processes; expresses concern about the parallel recruitment of disarmed
           fighters by defence and security forces for combat operations against armed grou p s
           which undermines the DDRR process; calls upon the CAR authorities to ensure that
           all demobilised combatants, including women and youth, are provided security, as
           appropriate, throughout the DDRR process and to regularise the status of those
           combatants who have disarmed outside of the national programme;
                 12. Calls on the CAR authorities to implement the National Security Policy,
           the National Strategy on SSR and the National Defence Plan, including with the
           support of the international community, in order to put in place professi o n al ,
           ethnically representative, regionally balanced, taking into account the recruitment o f
           women, and appropriately trained and equipped national defence and security forces,
           including through the adoption and implementation of appropriate vetting proced u res
           of all defence and security personnel, including human rights vetting, as well as
           measures to absorb disarmed and demobilised elements of armed groups meeti n g
           rigorous eligibility and vetting criteria;
                  13. Calls on the CAR authorities to ensure that redeployments of defence and
           security forces are sustainable, do not pose a risk to the stabilisation of the country,
           civilians or the political process, and urges the CAR authorities to accelerate effo rt s
           to bring all elements of the CAR armed forces under a single, unified chain o f
           command to ensure effective oversight, command and control, including appropri at e
           national vetting and training systems, and to provide appropriate budgetary suppo rt
           and continue to implement a comprehensive national security strategy that is
           consistent with the peace process, including the APPR;
                 14. Expresses serious concerns about repeated allegations of violations of
           international human rights law and international humanitarian law by CAR defen ce
           and security forces, takes positive note of the measures announced by the Govern men t
           of the CAR to hold accountable those responsible, and calls on international partn ers
           to insist on respect for international human rights law, international humanitarian and
           refugee law and accountability as a necessary condition when part nering with the
           CAR defence and security forces;
                  15. Calls on the CAR authorities to ensure that all security actors in country
           at the invitation of the government de-conflict their training and operational activities;
                  16. Calls on the CAR authorities to pursue their efforts, as a matter of priorit y,
           to strengthen justice institutions at national and local levels as part of the extensi o n
           of State authority in order to fight impunity and to contribute to stabilisation and
           reconciliation, including through the restoration of the administration of the judiciary,
           criminal justice and penitentiary systems throughout the country, the demilitarisat i o n
           of the prisons, the establishment of transitional justice mechanisms, based on a
           victim-centred approach, including the full operationalisation of the Truth, Justi ce,
           Reparation and Reconciliation Commission, which should be able to work in a
           neutral, impartial, transparent and independent manner, taking into consideration the
           recommendation s of the inclusive commission provided for in the APPR, to ensu re
           accountability for past crimes and reparation for victims, and by ensuring access to
           fair and equal justice for all in line with the conclusions of the Bangui Forum held in
           May 2015, takes positive note of the completion of the first trial of the Speci al

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               Criminal Court (SCC) and encourages the Government of the CAR to ensure the
               renewal of its mandate;
                      17. Encourages the CAR authorities to continue their efforts to restore the
               effective authority of the State over the whole territory of the CAR, including by
               redeploying and strengthening State administration and providing basic services in
               the provinces, ensuring the timely payment of salaries to civil servants and defen ce
               and security forces, and by swiftly establishing and promulgating the implement i n g
               regulations for the law on decentralisation, with the objective of ensuring stabl e,
               accountable, inclusive and transparent governance;
                     18. Stresses in this context the valuable role of the Peacebuilding Commissi o n
               (PBC) in offering strategic advice, providing observations for the Security Council ’s
               consideration, and fostering a more coherent, coordinated and integrated approach to
               international peacebuilding efforts, welcomes the active role of the Kingdom o f
               Morocco, and encourages continued coordination with the PBC and other relevan t
               international organisations and institutions in support of CAR’s long term peace
               building needs, including for support to the peace process, consistent with the APPR ;

               Economic recovery and development
                     19. Encourages the CAR authorities, with the support of the internation al
               community, in particular with International Financial Institutions leadin g
               international efforts, and based on critical peace and State building goals, to impro v e
               public financial management and accountability in a manner that allows it to meet the
               expenses related to the functioning of the State, implement early recovery plans, and
               revitalise the economy, and that fosters national ownership, and emphasises the
               importance of international support – financially, technically and in-kind – to the
               COVID-19 response in the CAR;
                     20. Further calls on Member States, international and regional organisati o n s
               to disburse pledges made at the international conference in Brusse ls on 17 Novemb er
               2016 in support of the implementation of the country’s peacebuilding priorities and
               socioeconomic development and consider providing additional funding, technical
               expertise and in kind support to the CAR’s National Strategy for Recovery a nd Peace
               Consolidation (RCPCA) and within the Framework of Mutual Accountabil i t y
               (CEM-RCA);
                     21. Encourages the CAR authorities to accelerate the effecti v e
               implementation of the RCPCA and relevant partners to support the efforts of the C AR
               authorities through the RCPCA Secretariat to lay the foundation of durable peace in
               the CAR and sustainable development of all regions of the country, to boost peace
               dividends for the population and development projects, including critical investmen t s
               in infrastructure, which would address logistical challenges in the country and
               strengthen the CAR authorities’ and MINUSC A’s mobility and ability to provi d e
               security and protect civilians, to combat poverty and to help the population of the
               CAR build sustainable livelihoods;

               Human rights, including child protection and sexual violence in conflict
                     22. Reiterates the urgent and imperative need to hold accountable all those
               responsible for violations of international humanitarian law and violations and abuses
               of human rights irrespective of their status or political affiliation, reiterates that so me
               of those acts may amount to crimes under the Rome Statute of the Internatio n al
               Criminal Court (ICC), to which the CAR is a State party, and recalls that committ i n g
               acts of incitement to violence, in particular on an ethnic or religious basis, and then
               engaging in or providing support for acts that undermine the peace, stability o r

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           security of the CAR could be a basis for sanctions designations pursuant to resoluti o n
           2648 (2022);
                 23. Recalls the decision made by the Prosecutor of the ICC on 24 Septemb er
           2014 to open, following the request of the national authorities, an investigation into
           alleged crimes committed since 2012 and the ongoing cooperation of the C AR
           authorities in this regard;
                 24. Calls on the CAR authorities to follow-up on the recommendation s of the
           report of the Mapping Project describing serious violations and abuses o f
           international human rights and violations of international humanitarian law
           committed within the territory of CAR between January 2003 and December 2015;
                 25. Strongly condemns all attacks on and use for military purposes of school s,
           medical centres, humanitarian premises, and other civilian infrastructure in violatio n
           of international law, as well as the commandeering of assets belongin g to the UN o r
           humanitarian actors;
                  26. Urges all parties to armed conflict in the CAR, particularly armed group s,
           to end all violations and abuses committed against children, in violation of applicab l e
           international law, including those involving their recruitment and use, rape and sexual
           violence, killing and maiming, abductions and attacks on schools and hospital s,
           further calls upon the CAR authorities to respect their obligations under the Option al
           Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children
           in Armed Conflict that they ratified on 21 September 2017, and to consider those
           children who are associated with or have been released or otherwise separated fro m
           armed forces and armed groups primarily as victims as per th e Paris Princip l es
           endorsed by the CAR, welcomes the adoption of the child protection code, underlini n g
           the importance of its full implementation, and calls upon the CAR authorities to
           swiftly investigate alleged violations and abuses in order to fight aga inst impunity o f
           those responsible, to ensure that those responsible for such violations and abuses are
           excluded from the security sector and that all victims have access to justice as wel l
           as to medical and support services, including mental health and psychosocial servi ces,
           calls for the full and immediate implementation of action plans signed by some armed
           groups and for other armed groups to sign such action plans, reiterates its deman d s
           that all parties protect and consider as victims those children who have been released
           or otherwise separated from armed forces and armed groups, in particular by
           establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of these children to
           relevant civilian child protection actors, recalls that the APPR contains several child
           protection provisions and urges the signatories to it to reinforce their efforts to
           implement those, and emphasises the need to pay particular attention to the protecti o n ,
           release and reintegration of all children associated with armed forces and armed
           groups, recalling the 2020 Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed
           Conflict Conclusions on children and armed conflict in the Central African Republi c
           (S/AC.51/2020/3 ) and urging their full and swift implementation;
                 27. Calls upon all parties to armed conflict in the CAR, including armed
           groups, to end sexual and gender-based violence, further calls upon the C AR
           authorities to swiftly investigate alleged abuses and prosecute alleged perpetrators in
           order to fight against impunity of those responsible for such acts, and to take concret e,
           specific and time-bound steps towards implementing the UN and government of C AR
           joint communiqué to prevent and respond to sexual violence in conflict and to ensu re
           that those responsible for such crimes are excluded from the security sector and
           prosecuted, and to facilitate immediate access for all survivors of sexual violence to
           available services, including mental health and psychosocial services, calls on the
           CAR authorities and international partners to sustain adequate support to the Mixed

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               Unit for Rapid Intervention and Suppression of Sexual Violence against Women and
               Children (UMIRR);

               MINUSCA’s mandate
                    28. Expresses its strong support to the Special Representative of the Secret ary -
               General Valentine Rugwabiza;
                     29.   Decides to extend the mandate of MINUSCA until 15 November 2023;
                     30. Decides that MINUSCA shall continue to comprise up to 14,400 military
               personnel, including 580 Military Observers and Military Staff Officers, and 3,02 0
               police personnel, including 600 Individual Police Officers and 2,420 formed police
               unit personnel, as well as 108 corrections officers, and recalls its intention to keep
               this number under continuous review;
                     31. Decides that MINUSCA’s mandate is designed to advance a multiyear
               strategic vision to create the political, security and institutional conditions conduci v e
               to national reconciliation and durable peace through implementation of the APPR and
               the elimination of the threat posed by armed groups through a comprehen si v e
               approach and proactive and robust posture without prejudice to the basic princip l es
               of peacekeeping;
                    32. Requests MINUSC A to improve its communication efforts to support the
               implementation of its mandate and enhance its protection, and raise awareness on its
               mandate and its role, as well as to underscore the role and responsibilities of the C AR
               authorities to protect civilians and implement the APPR;
                      33. Recalls that MINUSC A’s mandate should be implemented based on a
               prioritisation of tasks established in paragraphs 34 to 36 of this resolution, and, wh en
               relevant, in a sequenced manner, and further requests the Secretary-General to refl ect
               this prioritisation in the deployment of the Mission and to align budgetary resou rces
               according to the prioritisation of mandate tasks as set out in this resolution, whi l e
               ensuring appropriate resources for the implementation of the mandate;
                     34. Authorises MINUSCA to take all necessary means to carry out its mandat e
               within its capabilities and areas of deployment;

               Priority tasks
                      35. Decides that the mandate of MINUSCA shall include the followi n g
               priority tasks:

         (a)   Protection of civilians
                     (i)  To protect, in line with S/PRST/2018/18 of 21 September 2018, withou t
               prejudice to the primary responsibility of the CAR authorities and the basic princip l es
               of peacekeeping, the civilian population under threat of physical violence;
                   (ii) To fully implement its protection of civilians strateg y in coordination wit h
               CAR authorities, the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), humanitarian and
               human right organisations, and other relevant partners;
                    (iii) In support of the CAR authorities, to take active steps to anticipate, deter
               and effectively respond to serious and credible threats to the civilian populatio n
               through a comprehensive and integrated approach and, in this regard:
                    – to ensure effective and dynamic protection of civilians under threat of physical
                      violence through a comprehensive and integrated approach, including by
                      anticipating, deterring, and stopping all threats of violence against the
                      populations, in consultation with local communities, and by supporting and

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                      undertaking local mediation efforts to prevent escalation of violence, in line
                      with the basic principles of peacekeeping, and outbreaks of violence between
                      ethnic or religious rival groups;
                    – to enhance its interaction with civilians, to strengthen its early warni n g
                      mechanism, to increase its efforts to monitor and document vio lations of
                      international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights and
                      to strengthen local community engagement and empowerment;
                    – to maintain a proactive deployment and a mobile, flexible and robust posture,
                      including by conducting active patrolling, in particular in high risk areas;
                    – to mitigate the risk to civilians before, during and after any military or police
                      operation, including by tracking, preventing, minimising, and addressi n g
                      civilian harm resulting from the Mission’s operations, presence and activities,
                      including in support of national security forces;
                    – to work with the CAR authorities to identify and report threats to and attack s
                      against civilians and implement existing prevention and response plans and
                      strengthen civil-military cooperation, including joint planning;
                    – to support the CAR authorities in the prevention, mitigation and response to the
                      threat posed by explosive ordnance;
                       (iv) To provide specific protection and assistance for women and children
                 affected by armed conflict, including through the deployment of protection advisers,
                 child protection advisers, women protection advisers and civilian and uniformed
                 gender advisers and focal points, as well as consultations with women’s organisati o n s,
                 and by adopting a gender-sensitive, survivor-centred approach in this regard ,
                 especially to provide the best assistance to survivors of sexual violence, and to
                 support women’s participation in early warning mechanisms;
                       (v) To take concrete measures to mitigate and avoid the use of schools by
                 armed forces, as appropriate, and deter the use of schools by parties to the conflict ,
                 and to facilitate the continuation of education in situations of armed conflict;
                       (vi) To support the implementation of the UN and Government of CAR j oint
                 communiqué to prevent and respond to sexual violence in conflict and to take into
                 account these specific concerns throughout activities of all Mission components, in
                 line with the UN Field Missions policy on Preventing and Responding to Confli ct -
                 Related Sexual Violence, and to ensure, in cooperation with the SRSG for Sexu al
                 Violence in Conflict, that risks of sexual violence in conflict are included in the
                 Mission’s data collection, threat analysis and early warning system;

           (b)   Good offices and support to the peace process, including the implementati o n of
                 the ceasefire and the APPR
                       (i)    To continue its role in support of the peace process, including throug h
                 political, technical and operational support to the implementation and monitoring o f
                 the ceasefire and the APPR, to take active steps to support the CAR authorities in the
                 creation of conditions conducive to the full implementation of the APPR via the
                 roadmap and its subsequent timeline;
                       (ii) To continue to coordinate regional and international support and assistan ce
                 to the peace process, in consultation and coordination with the Unit ed Natio n s
                 Regional Office for Central Africa (UNOC A) and regional organisations such as
                 ECCAS and ICGLR, stressing the importance in that regard of the operationalisat i o n
                 of the road map through the implementation of the APPR via the roadmap per the
                 government’s timeline;

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                      (iii) To ensure that the Mission’s political and security strategies promote a
                coherent peace process, particularly in support of the APPR, that connects local and
                national peace efforts with the ongoing efforts to monitor the ceasefire, advance the
                DDRR process, the SSR process, support the fight against impunity, and the
                restoration of State authority, and promote the participation of women and gend er
                equality;
                      (iv) To assist the CAR authorities’ efforts, at national and local levels, to
                increase participation of political parties, civil society, women, survivors of sexual
                violence, youth, faith-based organisations, and where and when possible, IDPs and
                refugees to the peace process, including the APPR;
                      (v) To provide good offices and technical expertise in support of efforts to
                address the root causes of conflict, including those referred to in paragraph 8 of thi s
                resolution, in particular to advance national reconciliation and local confli ct
                resolution, working with relevant regional and local bodies and religious leaders,
                while ensuring the full, equal and meaningful participation of women, includin g
                survivors of sexual violence, in line with the CAR national action plan on Women ,
                Peace and Security, including through the support to l ocal dialogue and commun i t y
                engagement;
                       (vi) To support efforts of the CAR authorities to address transitional justice as
                part of the peace and reconciliation process, and marginalisation and local grievan ces,
                including through dialogue with the armed gro ups, civil society leaders includin g
                women and youth representatives, including survivors of sexual violence, and by
                assisting national, prefectoral and local authorities to foster confidence amon g
                communities;
                      (vii) To provide technical expertise to the CAR authorities in its engagemen t
                with neighbouring countries, the ECCAS, the ICGLR and the AU, in consultation and
                coordination with the United Nations Regional Office for Central Africa (UNOC A )
                to resolve issues of common and bilateral interest and to promote their continued and
                full support for the APPR;
                      (viii) To make more proactive use of strategic communications to support its
                protection of civilians’ strategy, in coordination with the CAR authorities, to help the
                local population better understand the mandate of the Mission, its activities, the APPR
                and the electoral process, and to build trust with the CAR citizens, parties to the
                conflict, regional and other international actors and partners on the ground;

          (c)   Facilitate the immediate, full, safe and unhindered delivery of
                humanitaria n assistance
                       To improve coordination with all humanitarian actors, including United Natio n s
                agencies, and to facilitate, in accordance with relevant provisions of international law
                and consistent with the humanitarian principles, the creation of a secure environmen t
                for the immediate, full, safe and unhindered, civilian -led delivery of humanitari an
                assistance, and for the voluntary safe, dignified and sustainable return or local
                integration or resettlement of internally displaced persons or refugees in close
                coordination with humanitarian actors, while contributing to alleviate the
                consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic as requested in resolution 2532 (2020);

         (d)    Protection of the United Nations
                      To protect the United Nations personnel, installations, equipment and goods and
                ensure the security and freedom of movement of United Nations and associat ed
                personnel;

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                 Other tasks
                       36. Further authorises MINUSCA to pursue the following tasks of its
                 mandate, working in close coordination with the United Nations Country Team,
                 bearing in mind that these tasks as well as those in paragraph 34 above are mutual l y
                 reinforcing:

           (a)   Support for the extension of State authority, the deployment of security forces,
                 and the preservation of territorial integrity
                        (i)  To continue to support the CAR authorities in safeguarding Stat e
                 institutions and implementing its strategy for the extension of State authorit y,
                 including through the implementation of relevant provisions of the APPR, for the
                 establishment of interim security and administrative arrangement s acceptable to the
                 population and under CAR authorities’ oversight, and through a prioritised divisio n
                 of labour with the UNCT and relevant partners, and address cross-border illicit trad e
                 in natural resources;
                       (ii) To promote and support the rapid extension of State authority over the
                 entire territory of the CAR, including by supporting the deployment of vetted and
                 trained national security forces in priority areas, including through co -locati o n ,
                 advising, mentoring and monitoring, in coordination with other partners, as part o f
                 the deployment of the territorial administration and other rule of law authorities;
                       (iii) To provide at the request of the CAR authorities enhanced planning and
                 technical assistance and logistical support for the progressive redeployment of vetted
                 Central African Armed Forces (FACA) or Internal Security Forces (ISF), engaged in
                 joint operations with MINUSCA that include joint planning and tactical cooperati o n ,
                 in order to support the implementation of MINUSC A’s current mandated task s,
                 including to protect civilians, and to support national authorities in the restoration and
                 maintenance of public safety and the rule of law, in accordance with MINUSC A’s
                 mandate, paragraphs 13 and 14 of this resolution and in strict compliance with the
                 United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP), contingent on a
                 determination by MINUSCA of the recipients’ compliance with MINUSC A’s Stat u s
                 of Forces Agreement, human rights and international humanitarian law, witho u t
                 exacerbating the risks to the stabilization of the country, civilians, the political
                 process, to UN peacekeepers, or the impartiality of the M ission, to ensure such
                 support be subject to appropriate oversight, and to review this logistical support in
                 one year to ensure its compliance with the benchmarks outlined in the Secret ary -
                 General’s letter to the President of the Security Council of 15 May 2018 (S/2018/46 3 );
                       (iv) To support a gradual handover of security of key officials, and static guard
                 duties of national institutions, to the CAR security forces, in coordination with the
                 CAR authorities, based on the risks on the ground and taking into account the
                 electoral context;

           (b)   Promotion and protection of human rights
                       (i)  To monitor, help investigate, report annually to the Security Council, and
                 follow up on violations of international humanitarian law and on violations and
                 abuses of human rights committed throughout the CAR;
                       (ii) To monitor, help investigate and ensure reporting on violations and abuses
                 committed against children and women, including rape and other forms of sexual
                 violence in armed conflict, in connection with the UMIRR;

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                      (iii) To assist the CAR authorities in their efforts to protect and promote human
                rights and prevent violations and abuses and to strengthen the capacity of civil societ y
                organizations;

          (c)   Republica n Dialogue and 2023 elections
                      To assist the CAR authorities in the follow-up of a fully inclusive Republican
                Dialogue and the preparation and delivery of peaceful local elections of 2023, as
                outlined in the preamble and in paragraph 9 of this resolution, by providing good
                offices, including to encourage dialogue among all political stakeholders, in an
                inclusive manner, to mitigate tensions throughout the electoral period, by also
                providing security, operational, logistical and, as appropriat e, technical support, in
                particular to facilitate access to remote areas, and by coordinating with the
                UN Development Programme regarding international electoral assistance;

         (d)    Security Sector Reform (SSR)
                      (i)   To provide strategic and technical advice to the CAR authorities to
                implement the National Strategy on SSR and the National Defence Plan, in close
                coordination with EUTM-RCA, EUAM-RC A, the African Union Observer Missi o n
                in the CAR (MOUAC A) and CAR’s other international partners, i ncluding Fran ce,
                the Russian Federation, the United States, the People’s Republic of China and the
                Republic of Rwanda, with the aim of ensuring coherence of the SSR process,
                including through a clear delineation of responsibilities between the FACA, the IS F
                and other uniformed entities, as well as the democratic control of both defence and
                internal security forces;
                      (ii) To continue to support the CAR authorities in developing an approach to
                the vetting of defence and security elements which prioritises human rights vetting ,
                in particular to fight impunity for violations of international and domestic law and in
                the context of any integration of demobilised armed groups elements into securi t y
                sector institutions;
                     (iii) To take a leading role in supporting the CAR authorities in enhancing the
                capacities of the ISF, particularly command and control structures and oversig h t
                mechanisms and to coordinate the provision of technical assistance and traini n g
                between the international partners in the CAR, in particular with EUTM-RCA and
                EUAM-RC A, in order to ensure a clear distribution of tasks in the field of SSR;
                      (iv) To continue to support the CAR authorities in the training of police and
                gendarmerie and in the selection, recruitment, and vetting of police and genda rmeri e
                elements, with the support of donors and the UNCT, taking into account the need to
                recruit women at all levels, and in full compliance with the United Nations HRDDP;

          (e)   Disarmament, Demobilisa tio n, Reintegrati on (DDR) and Repatriatio n (DDRR)
                      (i)   To support the CAR authorities in implementing an inclusive, gender -
                sensitive and progressive programme for the DDR and, in case of foreign elemen t s,
                repatriation, of members of armed groups, and, as appropriate, and in consultati o n
                and coordination with international partners, support possible, temporary, voluntary
                cantonment sites in support of community-based socioeconomic reintegrat i o n ,
                including through supporting the government to provide security and appropri at e
                protection to demobilised ex-combatants, based on the Principles of DDRR and
                Integration into the Uniformed Corps, signed at the Bangui Forum in May 2015 and
                guided by the revitalised 2019 UN Integrated DDRR Standards, while paying speci fi c
                attention to the needs of children associated with armed forces and groups and women
                combatants, the need to ensure the separation of children from these forces and

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                 groups, and the need to prevent re-recruit ment , and including gender-sensi t i v e
                 programmes;
                       (ii) To support the CAR authorities and relevant civil society organisations in
                 developing and implementing CVR programmes, including gender-sensi t i v e
                 programmes, for members of armed groups including those not eligible fo r
                 participation in the national DDRR programme, in cooperation with developmen t
                 partners and together with communities of return in line with the priorities highlighted
                 in the RCPCA;
                       (iii) To provide technical assistance to the CAR authorities in implementing a
                 national plan for the integration of eligible demobilised members of armed grou p s
                 into the security and defence forces, in line with the broader SSR process, the need
                 to put in place professional, ethnically representative and regionally balanced national
                 security and defence, and to provide technical advice to the CAR authorities in
                 accelerating the implementation of the interim security arrangements provided for in
                 the APPR, following vetting, disarmament , demobilisation and training;
                       (iv) To coordinate the support provided by multilateral and bilateral partners,
                 including the World Bank and the Peacebuilding Commission, to the efforts of the
                 CAR authorities on DDRR programs to reintegrate eligible and vetted members o f
                 the armed groups into peaceful civilian life and to help ensure that these efforts wil l
                 lead to sustainable socioeconomic reintegration;

           (f)   Support for national and internatio nal justice, the fight against impunity, and
                 the rule of law
                        (i)  To help reinforce the independence of the judiciary, build the capaciti es,
                 and enhance the effectiveness of the national ju dicial system as well as the
                 effectiveness and the accountability of the penitentiary system including through the
                 provision of technical assistance to the CAR authorities to identify, investigate and
                 prosecute those responsible for crimes involving violations of internatio n al
                 humanitarian law and of violations and abuses of human rights committed througho u t
                 the CAR;
                      (ii) To help build the capacities of the national human rights institutio n
                 coordinating with the Independent Expert on human rights in the CAR as appropriat e;
                      Urgent temporary measures:
                       (iii) To urgently and actively adopt, within the limits of its capacities and areas
                 of deployment, at the formal request of the CAR authorities and in areas wh ere
                 national security forces are not present or operational, urgent temporary measures on
                 an exceptional basis, without creating a precedent and without prejudice to the agreed
                 principles of peacekeeping operations, which are limited in scope, time -bound and
                 consistent with the objectives set out in paragraphs 34 and 35 (f), to arrest and detai n
                 in order to maintain basic law and order and fight impunity and to pay particu l ar
                 attention in this regard to those engaging in or providing support for acts that
                 undermine the peace, stability or security of the CAR, including those violating the
                 ceasefire or the APPR;
                      Special Criminal Court (SCC):
                       (iv) To provide technical assistance, in partnership with other internation al
                 partners and the UNCT, and capacity building for the CAR authorities, to facilitat e
                 the operationalisation and the functioning of the SCC, pending renewal of its
                 mandate, in particular in the areas of investigations, arrests, detention, criminal and
                 forensic analysis, evidence collection and storage, recruitment and selection o f
                 personnel, court management, prosecution strategy and case development and the

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               establishment of a legal aid system, as appropriate, as well as to provide security fo r
               magistrates, including at the premises and proceedings of the SCC, and take measu res
               for the protection of victims and witnesses, in line with the CAR’s internatio n al
               humanitarian law and international human rights obligations;
                     (v) To assist in the coordination and mobilisation of increased bilateral and
               multilateral support to the functioning of the SCC;
                    Rule of law:
                      (vi) To provide support and to coordinate international assistance to build the
               capacities and enhance the effectiveness of the criminal justice system, within the
               framewo rk of the United Nations global focal point on rule of law, as well as the
               effectiveness and the accountability of police and penitentiary system with the
               support of the UNCT;
                     (vii) Without prejudice to the primary responsibility of the CAR authorities, to
               support the restoration and maintenance of public safety and the rule of law, includin g
               through apprehending and handing over to the CAR authorities, consistent wit h
               international law, those in the country responsible for crimes involving serious human
               rights violations and abuses and serious violations of international humanitarian law,
               including sexual violence in conflict, so that they can be brought to justice, and
               through cooperation with states of the region as well as the ICC in cases of cri mes
               falling within its jurisdiction following the decision made by the Prosecutor of the
               ICC on 24 September 2014 to open, following the request of national authorities, an
               investigation into alleged crimes committed since 2012;

               Additional tasks
                    37.   Further authorises MINUSCA to carry out the following additional tasks:
                    (a) To assist the Committee established pursuant to paragraph 57 of resoluti o n
               2127 (2013) and the Panel of Experts established by the same resolution;
                     (b) To monitor the implementation of the measures renewed and modified by
               paragraph 1 of resolution 2648 (2022), in cooperation with the Panel of Expert s
               established pursuant to resolution 2127 (2013), including by inspecting, as it deems
               necessary and when appropriate without notice, all arms and related materi el
               regardless of location, and advise the CAR authorities on efforts to keep armed grou p s
               from exploiting natural resources;
                     (c) To support the Panel of Experts established pursuant to resolution 2127
               (2013) in collecting information about acts of incitement to violence, in particular on
               an ethnic or religious basis, that undermine the peace, stability or security of the C AR
               in accordance with paragraph 32 (g) of resolution 2399 (2018) extended by
               paragraph 6 of resolution 2648 (2022);
                     (d) To ensure, with all relevant United Nations bodies, unhindered access and
               safety for the Panel of Experts established pursuant to resolution 2127 (2013), in
               particular to persons, documents and sites within their control in order for the Pan el
               to execute its mandate;
                     (e) To provide transport for relevant CAR authorities as appropriate and on a
               case by case basis and when the situation allows, as a means to promote and suppo rt
               the extension of the State authority over the entire territory;

               Mission effectiveness
                     38. Requests the Secretary-General to deploy and allocate personnel and
               expertise within MINUSC A to reflect the priorities identified by paragraph 34 to

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           paragraph 36 of this resolution, and to continuously adjust this deployment accordi n g
           to the progresses made in the implementation of this mandate;
                 39. Recalls the decision taken by the Security Council in its resolution 2566
           to increase the authorised size of MINUSC A’s military component by 2,750 and to
           increase the authorised size of MINUSC A’s police component by 940, welcomes the
           deployment of some of the reinforcement thus decided, stresses the need for the rest
           of these reinforcements to be deployed as quickly as possible, especially quick
           reaction forces, and sequenced through a phased approach, and recalls the importan ce
           of cooperation between MINUSCA and the CAR authorities in line with its mandat e;
                 40. Reiterates its concern at the continuing lack of key capabilities fo r
           MINUSCA and the need to fill gaps, as well as the importance of current and futu re
           troop and police contributing countries (T/PCCs) providing troops and police wit h
           adequate capabilities, equipment and predeployment training, including with regard s
           to engineering capabilities and explosive ordnance threat mitigation, in order to
           enhance the mobility capacity of MINUSCA and its ability to operate effectively in
           an increasingly complex security environment;
                 41. Recognises that the effective implementation of peacekeeping mandates is
           the responsibility of all stakeholders and is contingent upon several critical fact o rs,
           including well-defined, realistic, and achievable mandates, political will, leadersh i p ,
           strategic communications, performance and accountability at all levels, integrati o n
           across components, adequate resources, policy, planning, an d operational guidelin es,
           and training and equipment, urges Member States to provide troops and police that
           have adequate capabilities and mindset, including regarding language skill s,
           pre-deployment and, where appropriate, in situ training, and equipment, includin g
           enablers, specific to the operating environment, requests troop and police contributi n g
           countries to implement relevant provisions of resolution 2538 (2020) notes the
           potential adverse effects on mandate implementation of national caveats which hav e
           not been declared and accepted by the Secretary -Gen eral prior to deploymen t ,
           highlights that lack of effective command and control, refusal to obey orders, failu re
           to respond to attacks on civilians, declining to participate in or undertake patrols may
           adversely affect the shared responsibility for effective mandate implementation, and
           calls on Members State to declare all national caveats, prior to the contingen t
           deployment, provide troops and police with the minimum of declared caveats, and to
           fully and effectively implement the provisions of the Memoranda of Understan d i n g
           (MoU) signed with the United Nations;
                 42. Requests the Secretary-General , Member States, and the CAR authoriti es
           to continue to take all appropriate measures to ensure the safety, security and freed o m
           of movement of MINUSC A’s personnel with unhindered and immediate access
           throughout the CAR, in line with resolution 2518 (2020), including by authorisi n g
           night flights, notes with concern the grave risks violations of the Status of Force
           Agreement can present to the safety and security of United Nations personnel servi n g
           in peacekeeping operations, and requests the Secretary-General to implement the
           provisions of resolution 2589 (2021) for establishing accountability for crimes against
           peacekeepers;
                43. Requests the Secretary-General fully implement the following capaciti es
           and existing obligations in the planning and conduct of MINUSC A’s operations:
              – strengthening the implementation of a mission-wide early warning and respo n se
                strategy, as part of a coordinated approach to information gathering, inciden t
                tracking and analysis, monitoring, verification, early warning and
                dissemination, and response mechanisms, including response mechanisms to
                threats and attacks against civilians that may involve violations and abuses of
                human rights or violations of international human itarian law, as well as to

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                      prepare for further potential attacks on United Nations personnel and faciliti es,
                      and ensure gender-sensitive conflict analysis is mainstreamed across all earl y
                      warning and conflict prevention efforts;
                    – encouraging the use of confidence-building , facilitation, mediation, communi t y
                      engagement, and strategic communications to support the mission’s protectio n ,
                      information gathering, and situational awareness activities;
                    – prioritising enhanced mission mobility and active patrollin g, including throug h
                      generating required assets and encourages Member states to contribu t e
                      necessary capabilities, particularly air assets to better execute MINUSC A’ s
                      mandate in areas of emerging protection risks and emerging threats, includin g
                      in remote locations, and prioritises deployment of forces with appropriate air,
                      land, and water assets, to support the mission’s protection, informat i o n
                      gathering, and situational awareness activities;
                    – improving MINUSC A’s intelligence and analysis capacities, incl udin g
                      surveillance and monitoring capacities EOD specific intelligence processes and
                      strengthened EOD forensics exploitation capacity, within the limits of its
                      mandate;
                    – to verify that contingents are trained and equipped to counter explosive devices
                      as per UN standards, which are current and mission specific, to ensure remed i al
                      action as appropriate, including appropriate training, capturing lessons learned ,
                      and requiring contingents deploy equipment as needed under the current Force
                      requirements;
                    – implementing more effective casualty and medical evacuation procedu res,
                      including the Standard Operating Procedure on Decentralised Casual t y
                      Evacuation, including by revisiting the existing one, as well as deployin g
                      enhanced medical evacuation capacities;
                    – taking active and effective measures to improve the planning and functioning of
                      MINUSC A’s safety and security facilities and arrangements;
                    – securing long-term rotation schemes for critical capabilities as well as explorin g
                      innovative options to promote partnerships between equipment, troop- and
                      police-contributing countries;
                    – ensuring that any support provided to non -United Nations security forces is
                      provided in strict compliance with the HRDDP, including the monitoring and
                      reporting on how support is used and on the implementation of mitigati n g
                      measures;
                    – prioritising mandated protection activities in decisions about the use of availabl e
                      capacity and resources within the mission, according to resolution 1894 (2009 );
                    – strengthening its sexual and gender-based violence prevention and respo n se
                      activities in line with resolution 2467 (2019), including by assisting the parti es
                      with activities consistent with resolution 2467 (2019), and by ensuring that risk s
                      of sexual and gender-based violence are included in the Mission’s data
                      collection and threat analysis and early warning systems by engagin g in an
                      ethical manner with survivors and victims of sexual and gender-based violence,
                      and women’s organisations;
                    – implementing resolution 1325 (2000) and all resolutions addressing women ,
                      peace, and security, including by seeking to increase the number of women in
                      MINUSCA in line with resolution 2538 (2020), as well as to ensure the full ,
                      equal, and meaningful participation of women in all aspect s of operatio n s,
                      including by ensuring safe, enabling and gender-sensitive worki n g

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                environments for women in peacekeeping operations, taking fully into accoun t
                gender considerations as a crosscutting issue throughout its mandate, and
                reaffirming the importance of uniformed and civilian gender advisors, gender
                focal points in all mission components, gender expertise and capacit y
                strengthening in executing the mission mandate in a gender-respon sive manner;
              – taking fully into account child protection as a cross-cutting issue;
              – implementing youth, peace and security under resolution 2250 (2015), 2419
                (2018) and 2535 (2020);
              – implementing peacekeeping performance requirements under resolutions 2378
                (2017) and 2436 (2018);
              – implementing the United Nations zero-tolerance policy on serious miscondu ct ,
                sexual exploitation and abuse, and sexual harassment, and all actions under
                resolution 2272 (2016), and to report to the Security Council if such cases of
                misconduct occur;
                 44. Urges troop- and police-contributing countries to continue taking
           appropriate action to prevent sexual exploitation and abuse, including vetting of all
           personnel, predeployment and in-mission awareness training, to ensure ful l
           accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel, including throug h
           timely investigations of all allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse by troop - and
           police-contributing countries to hold perpetrators account able, to repatriate unit s
           when there is credible evidence of widespread or systemic sexual exploitation and
           abuse by those units, and to report to the United Nations fully and promptly on action s
           undertaken;
                 45. Requests MINUSCA to consider the environmental impacts of its
           operations when fulfilling its mandated tasks and, in this context, to manage them as
           appropriate and in accordance with applicable and relevant General Assemb l y
           resolutions and United Nations rules and regulations;
                46. Notes the United Nations Department of Operational Support ’s
           Environment Strategy (phase II), which emphasises good stewardship of resou rces
           and a positive legacy of the mission, and identifies the goal of expanded renewab l e
           energy use in missions to enhance safety and security, save costs, offer efficien ci es
           and benefit the mission;
                  47. Encourages the Secretary-General to implement and keep under
           continuous update the integrated strategic framewo rk setting the United Natio n s’
           overall vision, joint priorities and internal division of labour to sustain peace in CAR ,
           including enhanced coordination with donors, requests the Secretary -Gen eral to
           ensure an efficient division of tasks and complementarity of efforts between
           MINUSCA and the entities comprising the UNCT based on t heir mandates and
           comparative advantages as well as to continuously adjust their deployment accordi n g
           to the progress made in the implementation of MINUSC A’s mandate, while stressi n g
           the importance of adequate resources and capacity for the UNCT, underscores the
           critical nature of enhanced UNCT presence and activity in CAR to facilitat e
           integration across the UN system and longer term peacebuilding , requests the
           framewo rk to also include early, inclusive and integrated planning on transitions in
           line with resolution 2594 (2021) and calls on Member States and relevan t
           organisations to consider providing the necessary voluntary funding to this end;

           Child protection
                 48. Requests MINUSCA to take fully into account child protection as a cro ss -
           cutting issue throughout its mandate and to assist the CAR authorities in ensuring that

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               the protection of children’s rights is taken into account, inter alia, in the DDRR and
               SSR processes, including through quality education provided in a safe environmen t
               in conflict areas, in order to end and prevent violations and abuses against children;

               Gender
                     49. Requests MINUSCA to take fully into account gender mainstreaming as a
               cross-cutting issue throughout its mandate and to assist the CAR authorities in
               ensuring the full, equal and meaningful participation, involvement and representat i o n
               of women, including survivors of sexual violence, in all spheres and at all level s,
               including in the political and reconciliation process and the mechanisms establish ed
               for the implementation of the APPR, stabilisation activities, transitional justice, the
               work of the SCC and of the Truth, Justice, Reparation and Reconciliat i o n
               Commission, SSR and DDRR processes, the preparation and holding of the local
               elections through, inter alia, the provision of gender advisers, and requests troop- and
               police-contributing countries to implement relevant provisions of resolution 2538
               (2020) and all other relevant resolutions on reducing barriers to and increasi n g
               women’s participation at all levels and in all positions in peacekeeping, including by
               ensuring safe, enabling and gender-sensitive working environments for women in
               peacekeeping operations;

               Weapon and ammunition management
                     50. Requests MINUSC A to actively seize, record, dispose of, and destroy, as
               appropriate, weapons and ammunitions of disarmed combatants and armed grou p s
               who refuse or fail to lay down their arms and present an imminent threat to civilian s
               or the stability of the State, in keeping with its efforts to seize and collect arms and
               any related material the supply, sale or transfer of which violate the measures imposed
               by paragraph 1 of resolution 2648 (2022);
                      51. Requests MINUSC A to provide support to the CAR authorities in thei r
               efforts to achieve progress on the key benchmarks for the review of the arms embarg o
               measures, established in the statement of its President of 9 April 2019
               (S/PRST/2019/ 3) (“the key benchmarks”), and calls on other regional and
               international partners to provide coordinated support to the CAR authorities in these
               efforts, in line with resolutions 2616 (2021) and 2648 (2022);

               MINUSCA Freedom of movement
                     52. Urges all parties in the CAR to cooperate fully with the deployment and
               activities of MINUSC A, in particular by ensuring its safety, security and freedom o f
               movement with unhindered and immediate access throughout the territory of the
               CAR, including by air and at night, as per MINUSCA’s Status of Forces Agreemen t ,
               to enable MINUSCA to carry out fully its mandate in a complex environment;
                     53. Calls upon Member States, especially those in the region, to ensure the
               free, unhindered and expeditious movement to and from the CAR of all personnel, as
               well as equipment, provisions, supplies and other goods, including vehicles and spare
               parts, which are for the exclusive and official use of MINUSC A;

               Humanitaria n access and humanitaria n appeal
                     54. Demands that all parties, in accordance with relevant provisions of
               international law and consistent with the humanitarian principles, allow and facilitat e
               the full, safe, immediate and unhindered access for the timely delivery o f
               humanitarian assistance to populations in need, in particular to internally displaced
               persons;

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                  55. Further demands that all parties ensure respect and protection of all
           medical personnel and humanitarian personnel exclusively engaged in medical duties,
           their means of transport and equipment, as well as hospitals and other medical
           facilities;
                 56. Strongly condemns the continued attacks as well as threats of attacks that
           are in contravention of international humanitarian law against schools and civilian s
           connected with schools, including children and teachers, and urges all parties to
           armed conflict to immediately cease such attacks and threats of attacks and to refrai n
           from actions that impede access to education;
                 57. Calls on Member States and international and regional organisations to
           respond swiftly to the humanitarian needs identified in the humanitarian respo n se
           plan through increased contributions and to ensure that all pledges are honoured in
           full and in a timely manner;

           Reports by the Secretary-General
                 58. Requests the Secretary-General to provide integrated, evidence-based and
           data-driven analysis, strategic assessment s and frank advice to the Security Counci l ,
           using the data collected and analysed through the Comprehensive Planning and
           Performan ce Assessment System (CPAS) and other strategic planning and
           performance measurement tools to describe the mission’s impact, to facilitate as
           necessary a re-evaluation of the mission composition and mandate based on realit i es
           on the ground, and further, requests the Secretary-General to review and report on a
           regular basis the conditions required for the transition, drawdown and withdrawal o f
           the United Nations operation, in a manner which does not prejudice overall efforts to
           support long term objectives for peace and stability;
                (a) Requests the Secretary-Gen eral to report to the Council on 15 Febru ary
           2023, 15 June 2023 and 13 October 2023, including on:
              – the situation in the CAR, including the security situation, the respect by all
                parties of the ceasefire, the political process, the implementation of the APPR ,
                including efforts made by MINUSC A to support the ceasefire and DDR R
                process, progress on mechanisms and capacity to advance governance and fiscal
                management, and relevant information on the progress, promotion and
                protection of human rights and international humanitarian law and on the
                protection of civilians;
              – violations of the Status of Forces Agreement and follow up on efforts to hold
                perpetrators accountable, including through joint investigations, as well as
                attacks, provocations and incitement to hatred and violence and disinformat i o n
                campaigns against MINUSC A;
              – the status of the implementation of MINUSCA’s mandated tasks, includin g
                instances in which MINUSCA was unable to reach civilians in response to POC
                alerts;
              – force and police generation and deployment of all MINUSCA’s constituen t
                elements, and information on the progress in the implementation of the measu res
                taken to improve MINUSC A’s performance, including measures to ensure force
                effectiveness as outlined in paragraphs 37 to 45, as well as information on the
                implementation of the zero-tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse as
                outlined in paragraphs 42 and 43;
              – overall Mission performance, the Mission’s implementation of the Integrat ed
                Peacekeeping Performance and Accountability Framewo rk (IPPAF) and
                Comprehensive Planning and Performance Assessment System (CPAS);

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                      including information on the casualty evacuation system undeclared caveat s,
                      declining to participate in or undertake patrols and their impact on the missi o n ,
                      and how the reported cases of under-performance are addressed;
                    – implementation, performance and necessity ahead of each phase of the
                      reinforcement s decided in resolution 2566 (2021) and recalled in this resolutio n ;
                    – measures to improve strategic communication of the mission and to counter
                      disinformation and misinformation directed against MINUSC A;
                      (b)   Further requests the Secretary-Gen eral to provide the Council with:
                    – an evaluation, no later than May 2023, of the logistical support provided to CAR
                      defence and security forces in line with paragraph 35 of this resoluti o n ,
                      including by providing appropriate financial information;
                    – a mid-report by June 2023 on MINUSC A’s overall effectiveness and
                      configuration, based on qualitative performance metrics, to identify gaps in
                      objectives, means, and outcomes, in order to better achieve its mandate;
                     (c) Expresses its intention to request an independent strategic review of
               MINUSC A, in accordance with best practices, assessing the challenges to peace and
               security in the Central African Republic, including constraints on mission operatio n s,
               and providing detailed recommendations on the continued relevance of all mandat e
               tasks, priorities and related resources, realistic, relevant and clearly measurab l e
               benchmarks and indicators to assess progress toward MINUSCA’s multiyear strateg i c
               vision, and options for adapting MINUSC A’s configuration of its civilian, police and
               military components, based on broad consultations, including, but not limited to ,
               relevant government bodies, civil society representatives, and humanitari an ,
               development actors and international partners once the increase in the size o f
               MINUSC A’s military and police components authorised in paragraph 1 of resoluti o n
               2566 (2021) has come into effect;
                      59.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2659 (2022) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) until 15 Nov. 2023]

Angola|Central African Republic|China|France|Morocco|Russian Federation|Rwanda|Sudan

Eastern Asia|Eastern Europe|Northern Africa|Sub-Saharan Africa|Western Europe

UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic|Political Agreement for Peace and Reconciliation in the Central African Republic (2019)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|PEACE AGREEMENTS|INTERNAL SECURITY|CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

S/77 [227] UN MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTEGRATED STABILIZATION MISSION IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
S/77 [181] CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC SITUATION
S/ X The situation in the Central African Republic.