               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/1811 (2008)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                29 April 2008

               Resolution 1811 (2008)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5879th meeting,
               on 29 April 2008

                    The Security Council,
                     Reaffirming its previous resolutions and the statements of its President
               concerning the situation in Somalia, in particular resolution 733 (1992) of
               23 January 1992, which established an embargo on all delivery of weapons and
               military equipment to Somalia (hereinafter referred to as the “arms embargo”),
               resolution 1519 (2003) of 16 December 2003, resolution 1558 (2004) of 17 August
               2004, resolution 1587 (2005) of 15 March 2005, resolution 1630 (2005) of
               14 October 2005, resolution 1676 (2006) of 10 May 2006, resolution 1724 (2006) of
               29 November 2006, resolution 1744 (2007) of 20 February 2007, resolution 1766
               (2007) of 23 July 2007, resolution 1772 (2007) of 20 August 2007, and resolution
               1801 (2008) of 20 February 2008,
                     Recalling that, as set out in its resolutions 1744 (2007) and 1772 (2007), the
               arms embargo on Somalia does not apply to (a) weapons and military equipment,
               technical training and assistance intended solely for support of or use by the African
               Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), and (b) supplies and technical assistance by
               States intended solely for the purpose of helping develop security sector institutions,
               consistent with the political process set out in those resolutions and in the absence
               of a negative decision by the Committee established pursuant to resolution 751
               (1992) (hereinafter referred to as “the Committee”) within five working days of
               receiving an advance notification of such supplies or assistance on a case-by-case
               basis,
                    Reaffirming the importance of the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political
               independence and unity of Somalia,
                    Reiterating the urgent need for all Somali leaders to take tangible steps to
               continue political dialogue,
                    Commending the work of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General,
               Mr. Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah, and reaffirming its strong support for his efforts,
                    Taking note of the report of the Monitoring Group dated 24 April 2008
               (S/2008/274) submitted pursuant to paragraph 3 (i) of resolution 1766 (2007) and
               the observations and recommendations contained therein,

08-32241 (E)
*0832241*

S/RES/1811 (2008)

                   Condemning flows of weapons and ammunition supplies to and through
               Somalia in violation of the arms embargo as a serious threat to peace and stability in
               Somalia,
                     Reiterating its insistence that all States, in particular those in the region,
               should refrain from any action in contravention of the arms embargo and should
               take all necessary steps to hold violators accountable,
                     Reiterating and underscoring the importance of enhancing the monitoring of
               the arms embargo in Somalia through persistent and vigilant investigation into the
               violations, bearing in mind that strict enforcement of the arms embargo will improve
               the overall security situation in Somalia,
                     Determining that the situation in Somalia continues to constitute a threat to
               international peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                   1.    Stresses the obligation of all States to comply fully with the measures
               imposed by resolution 733 (1992);
                    2.  Reiterates its intention, in light of the report of the Monitoring Group
               dated 24 April 2008 (S/2008/274), to consider specific action to improve
               implementation of and compliance with measures imposed by resolution 733
               (1992);
                    3.    Decides to extend the mandate of the Monitoring Group referred to in
               paragraph 3 of resolution 1558 (2004), and requests the Secretary-General to take
               the necessary administrative measures as expeditiously as possible to re-establish
               the Monitoring Group for a further six months, drawing, as appropriate, on the
               expertise of the members of the Monitoring Group established pursuant to resolution
               1766 (2007) and appointing new members as necessary in consultation with the
               Committee, this mandate being as follows:
                    (a) to continue the tasks outlined in paragraphs 3 (a) to (c) of resolution
               1587 (2005);
                    (b) to continue to investigate, in coordination with relevant international
               agencies, all activities, including in the financial, maritime and other sectors, which
               generate revenues used to commit arms embargo violations;
                    (c) to continue to investigate any means of transport, routes, seaports,
               airports and other facilities used in connection with arms embargo violations;
                     (d) to continue refining and updating information on the draft list of those
               individuals and entities who violate the measures implemented by Member States in
               accordance with resolution 733 (1992), inside and outside Somalia, and their active
               supporters, for possible future measures by the Council, and to present such
               information to the Committee as and when the Committee deems appropriate;
                    (e) to continue making recommendations based on its investigations, on the
               previous reports of the Panel of Experts (S/2003/223 and S/2003/1035) appointed
               pursuant to resolutions 1425 (2002) of 22 July 2002 and 1474 (2003) of 8 April
               2003, and on the previous reports of the Monitoring Group (S/2004/604,
               S/2005/153, S/2005/625, S/2006/229, S/2006/913, S/2007/436 and S/2008/274)
               appointed pursuant to resolutions 1519 (2003) of 16 December 2003, 1558 (2004) of

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                                                                                S/RES/1811 (2008)

           17 August 2004, 1587 (2005) of 15 March 2005, 1630 (2005) of 14 October 2005,
           1676 (2006) of 10 May 2006, 1724 (2006) of 29 November 2006, and 1766 (2007)
           of 23 July 2007;
                 (f) to work closely with the Committee on specific recommendations for
           additional measures to improve overall compliance with the arms embargo;
                (g) to assist in identifying areas where the capacities of States in the region
           can be strengthened to facilitate the implementation of the arms embargo;
                (h) to provide to the Council, through the Committee, a midterm briefing
           within 90 days from its establishment, and to submit progress reports to the
           Committee on a monthly basis;
                 (i) to submit, for the Security Council’s consideration, through the
           Committee, a final report covering all the tasks set out above, no later than 15 days
           prior to the termination of the Monitoring Group’s mandate;
                4.  Further requests the Secretary-General to make the necessary financial
           arrangements to support the work of the Monitoring Group;
                5.    Reaffirms paragraphs 4, 5, 7, 8 and 10 of resolution 1519 (2003);
                6.    Requests the Committee, in accordance with its mandate and in
           consultation with the Monitoring Group and other relevant United Nations entities,
           to consider the recommendations in the reports of the Monitoring Group dated
           5 April 2006, 16 October 2006, 17 July 2007 and 24 April 2008 and recommend to
           the Council ways to improve implementation of and compliance with the arms
           embargo, in response to continuing violations;
                7.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

08-32241                                                                                3

Security Council resolution 1811 (2008) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Monitoring Group Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1519 (2003)]

UN. Monitoring Group Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1519 (2003) and 1907 (2009)|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 751 (1992) concerning Somalia|UN. Security Council > Resolutions and decisions|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|ARMS EMBARGO|SOMALIA|SOMALIA SITUATION|SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE|CAPACITY BUILDING|GROUPS OF EXPERTS|TRANSPORT|PORTS|AIRPORTS|INFORMATION EXCHANGE|REPORT PREPARATION|FINANCING


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/1812 (2008)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                30 April 2008

               Resolution 1812 (208)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5882nd meeting, on
               30 April 2008

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling all its resolutions and presidential statements concerning the
               situation in the Sudan,
                     Recalling also its previous resolutions 1674 (2006) on the protection of
               civilians in armed conflict, which reaffirms, inter alia, the relevant provisions of the
               United Nations World Summit outcome document, 1612 (2005) on children in
               armed conflict, 1502 (2003) on the protection of humanitarian and United Nations
               personnel, 1325 (2000) on women, peace and security,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to the sovereignty, unity, independence, and
               territorial integrity of the Sudan and to the cause of peace,
                    Commending the work of the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) in
               support of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), commending the continued
               commitment by troop-contributing countries in support of this mission, and also
               commending UNMIS’s efforts in assisting in the transition of the African Union
               Mission in Sudan (AMIS) to the United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur
               (UNAMID),
                     Recognizing that successful implementation of the CPA is essential to
               resolution of the crisis in Darfur and to sustainable peace and stability in the region;
               and condemning acts of violence perpetrated by all sides,
                    Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on Sudan dated 22 April
               2008, including his recommendations and taking note of the report on children and
               armed conflict in the Sudan (S/2007/520) dated 29 August 2007 and recalling the
               conclusions endorsed by the Security Council on Children and Armed Conflict in
               the Sudan (S/AC.51/2008/7),
                    Welcoming the appointment of Derek Plumbly as the new chairman of the
               Assessment and Evaluation Commission (AEC),
                    Recalling the commitment of the international community to support the CPA
               process, including through development aid, and urging donors to support
               implementation of the CPA and to honour all pledges to this end,

08-32527 (E)
*0832527*

S/RES/1812 (2008)

                    Recalling the need for UNMIS to make full use of its current mandate and
               capabilities with regard to the activities of militias and armed groups such as the
               Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) in Sudan, as stated in resolution 1663,
                    Welcoming the mediation efforts of the Government of South Sudan to bring
               an end to the 22-year conflict between the LRA and the Government of Uganda, and
               urging the parties to reach a resolution,
                    Welcoming the start of the national census on 22 April 2008 as a significant
               milestone in the implementation of the CPA; urging the continued support of a fair
               and inclusive census and acceptance of the results by all the parties,
                     Determining that the situation in the Sudan continues to constitute a threat to
               international peace and security,
                     1.    Decides to extend the mandate of UNMIS until 30 April 2009, with the
               intention to renew it for further periods;
                     2.    Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council every three
               months on the implementation of the mandate of UNMIS, progress on
               implementation of the CPA, and respect for the ceasefire, and to provide an
               assessment and recommendations on measures UNMIS might take to further support
               elections, and to advance the peace process;
                     3.   Stresses the importance of full and expeditious implementation of all
               elements of the CPA, the Darfur Peace Agreement, and the October 2006 Eastern
               Sudan Peace Agreement and calls for all the parties to respect their commitments to
               these agreements without delay;
                     4.   Welcomes the parties sustained commitment to work together in the
               Government of National Unity (GNU) and urges the cooperation of the National
               Congress Party (NCP) and the Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement (SPLM) in
               carrying out their responsibilities to further implement the CPA;
                    5.  Stresses the critical role of the AEC in overseeing and reporting on
               implementation of the CPA and calls for strengthening of the Commission’s
               autonomy and urges all parties to cooperate fully with the AEC and to implement its
               recommendations;
                    6.    Calls for all parties to cooperate with full unrestricted UNMIS
               monitoring and verification in the Abyei region, without prejudice to the final
               agreement on the actual borders between the two sides, and urges UNMIS to consult
               with the parties, and to deploy, as appropriate, personnel to the Abyei region,
               including areas of Kordofan;
                     7.   Calls upon the parties to address and find a mutually agreeable solution
               to the Abyei issue; and further urges all parties to redeploy their forces away from
               the disputed 1 January 1956 border and fully establish an interim administration in
               Abyei in accordance with the CPA;
                    8.   Requests UNMIS, acting within its current mandate and within its current
               means and capabilities, to provide technical and logistical support, as requested, to
               help the parties in the process of demarcation of the 1956 North/South border, in
               accordance with the CPA;

2                                                                                08-32527

                                                                                S/RES/1812 (2008)

                 9.   Stresses the important role of the Joint Integrated Units (JIUs) for the full
           implementation of the CPA; and urges donors to offer support, both materiel and
           training, coordinated by UNMIS in consultation with the Joint Defense Board, to
           enable the full establishment and operational effectiveness of JIUs as soon as
           possible;
                 10. Welcomes the adoption of the National Strategic Plan for Disarmament,
           Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR), encourages the parties to agree swiftly on
           a date to launch its implementation, takes note of the Secretary-General’s proposed
           benchmarks in this regard and urges UNMIS consistent with its mandate, to assist in
           voluntary disarmament and weapons collection and destruction efforts in
           implementation of plans under the CPA for DDR;
                 11. Requests UNMIS, consistent with its mandate and in coordination with
           the relevant parties and taking into account the need to pay particular attention to
           the protection, release and reintegration of all children associated to armed forces
           and armed groups, to increase its support for the National DDR Coordination
           Council and the Northern and Southern DDR Commissions;
                12. Further urges donors to respond to calls for assistance from the joint
           United Nations DDR Unit;
                 13. Encourages UNMIS, consistent with its mandate, and within authorized
           levels of civilian police to continue efforts to assist the parties to the CPA in
           promoting the rule of law and in restructuring the police and corrections services in
           Sudan, including in South Sudan, and to assist in the training of civilian police and
           corrections officers;
                14. Urges the GNU to complete the conduct of an inclusive, national census
           and to prepare expeditiously for the conduct of free and fair elections in all of the
           Sudan;
                 15. Urges UNMIS, consistent with its mandate, to begin immediate
           preparations to support the conduct of national elections, including support for the
           development of a national strategy for the conduct of elections with close
           collaboration with UNDP and the parties to the CPA, and urges further the
           international community to provide technical and material assistance for electoral
           preparations;
                 16. Encourages UNMIS, consistent with its mandate, to assist the parties to
           the CPA in addressing the need for a national inclusive approach towards
           reconciliation and peacebuilding, emphasizing in particular the role of women in the
           prevention and resolution of conflicts and in peacebuilding, as recognized in
           resolution 1325, and of civil society, and to take this need into account in
           implementing all aspects of its mandate;
                17. Calls upon the parties to the CPA and the communiqué, signed between
           the United Nations and the GNU in Khartoum on 28 March 2007 to support, protect,
           and facilitate all humanitarian operations and personnel in the Sudan;
                 18. Welcomes the continuing organized returns of internally displaced
           persons from Khartoum to Southern Kordofan and Southern Sudan and that of
           refugees from countries of asylum to Southern Sudan and encourages the promotion
           of efforts, including the provision of necessary resources to the Office of the United
           Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and implementing partners, to ensure that

08-32527                                                                                3

S/RES/1812 (2008)

               such returns are voluntary and sustainable, and further requests UNMIS, within its
               capabilities and areas of deployment, to coordinate with partners to facilitate
               sustainable returns, including by helping to establish the necessary security
               conditions;
                     19. Expresses concern at the persistence of localized conflict and violence,
               especially in the border area, mostly affecting civilians and with the potential for
               escalation; urges in this regard full cooperation of the NCP and the SPLM in
               carrying out the obligations of the GNU for the protection of civilians in armed
               conflict, in accordance with resolution 1674; and supports UNMIS’s intent to
               strengthen its conflict management capacity by developing and executing an
               integrated strategy to support local conflict resolution mechanisms, in order to
               maximize protection of civilians;
                    20. Notes that conflict in one area of Sudan affects conflict in other areas in
               Sudan and in the region, and therefore urges UNMIS to coordinate closely with
               UNAMID, the AU-UN Joint Mediation Support Team and other stakeholders, to
               ensure complementary implementation of these bodies’ mandates in support of the
               implementation of the CPA and of the overall objective of peace in Sudan;
                     21. Further requests UNMIS to coordinate with humanitarian, recovery and
               development agencies, within its capabilities and areas of deployment, to facilitate
               the provision of recovery and development assistance, which is essential to deliver a
               peace dividend to the people of Sudan;
                    22. Calls upon the GNU to cooperate fully with all the United Nations
               operations within its territory in the implementation of their mandates;
                    23. Requests the Secretary-General to submit for the Council’s consideration
               a report on possible measures UNMIS could take to assist, with the implementation
               of a future Final Peace Agreement between the Government of Uganda and the
               LRA;
                     24. Reiterates its concern over the restrictions and all impediments placed on
               the movements of UNMIS personnel and materiel in Sudan, and the adverse impact
               such restrictions and impediments have on UNMIS’s ability to perform its mandate
               effectively and on the ability of the humanitarian community to reach affected
               persons; and calls in this regard for all parties to cooperate fully with UNMIS and to
               facilitate the performance of its mandate, and to abide by their obligations under
               international humanitarian law;
                     25. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take the necessary
               measures to ensure full compliance in UNMIS with the United Nations zerotolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to keep the Council informed,
               and urges troop-contributing countries to take appropriate preventive action
               including predeployment awareness training, and other action to ensure full
               accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel;
                    26.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

4                                                                                08-32527

Security Council resolution 1812 (2008) [on extension of the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS)]

UN Mission in Sudan|Sudan. Government of National Unity|Sudan. National Congress Party|Sudan People's Liberation Movement|Darfur Assessment and Evaluation Commission|Sudan. Joint Integrated Units|AU/UN Hybrid Operation in Darfur|UN. Inter-Agency Working Group on Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration|Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the Government of the Republic of the Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Sudan People's Liberation Army (2005)|Darfur Peace Agreement (2006)|Eastern Sudan Peace Agreement (2006)|National Strategic Plan for Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (Sudan)|PEACEBUILDING|POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION|RECONCILIATION|INTERNAL SECURITY|CEASEFIRES|SUDAN|TREATY COMPLIANCE|BOUNDARIES|TECHNICAL COOPERATION|SUPPORT SERVICES|VERIFICATION|DISARMAMENT|MILITARY DEMOBILIZATION|SOCIAL INTEGRATION|CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICTS|POLICE|RULE OF LAW|CENSUSES|ELECTIONS|GENDER MAINSTREAMING|CIVIL SOCIETY|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|DISPLACED PERSONS|REFUGEES|CONFLICT MANAGEMENT|INTER-AGENCY COOPERATION|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT|SEX CRIMES|TROOP-CONTRIBUTING STATES|CODES OF CONDUCT|TRAINING PROGRAMMES

S/63 [159] UN MISSION IN THE SUDAN
S/63 [160] SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/1813 (2008)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                30 April 2008

               Resolution 1813 (2008)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5884th meeting, on
               30 April 2008

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling all its previous resolutions on Western Sahara,
                    Reaffirming its strong support for the efforts of the Secretary-General and his
               Personal Envoy to implement resolutions 1754 (2007) and 1783 (2007),
                     Reaffirming its commitment to assist the parties to achieve a just, lasting and
               mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the self-determination
               of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements consistent with the
               principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and noting the role and
               responsibilities of the parties in this respect,
                    Reiterating its call upon the parties and States of the region to continue to
               cooperate fully with the United Nations and with each other to end the current
               impasse and to achieve progress towards a political solution,
                    Taking note of the Moroccan proposal presented on 11 April 2007 to the
               Secretary-General and welcoming serious and credible Moroccan efforts to move
               the process forward towards resolution; also taking note of the Polisario Front
               proposal presented 10 April 2007 to the Secretary-General,
                    Taking note of the four rounds of negotiations held under the auspices of the
               Secretary-General; welcoming the progress made by the parties to enter into direct
               negotiations,
                     Welcoming the agreement of the parties expressed in the Communique of the
               Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara of 18 March 2008 to
               explore the establishment of family visits by land, which would be in addition to the
               existing program by air, and encouraging them to do so in cooperation with the
               United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,
                    Welcoming the commitment of the parties to continue the process of
               negotiations through United Nations sponsored talks,
                    Noting the Secretary-General’s view that the consolidation of the status quo is
               not an acceptable outcome of the current process of negotiations, and noting further

08-32546 (E)
*0832546*

S/RES/1813 (2008)

               that progress in the negotiations will have a positive impact on the quality of life of
               the people of Western Sahara in all its aspects,
                    Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 14 April 2008
               (S/2008/251),
                    1.  Reaffirms the need for full respect of the military agreements reached
               with MINURSO with regard to the ceasefire;
                    2.    Endorses the report’s recommendation that realism and a spirit of
               compromise by the parties are essential to maintain the momentum of the process of
               negotiations;
                    3.    Calls upon the parties to continue to show political will and work in an
               atmosphere propitious for dialogue in order to enter into a more intensive and
               substantive phase of negotiations, thus ensuring implementation of resolutions 1754
               and 1783 and the success of negotiations; and affirms its strong support for the
               commitment of the Secretary-General and his Personal Envoy towards a solution to
               the question of Western Sahara in this context;
                     4.    Calls upon the parties to continue negotiations under the auspices of the
               Secretary-General without preconditions and in good faith, taking into account the
               efforts made since 2006 and subsequent developments, with a view to achieving a
               just, lasting and mutually acceptable political solution, which will provide for the
               self-determination of the people of Western Sahara in the context of arrangements
               consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, and
               noting the role and responsibilities of the parties in this respect;
                    5.    Invites Member States to lend appropriate assistance to these talks;
                    6.    Requests the Secretary-General to keep the Security Council informed on
               a regular basis on the status and progress of these negotiations under his auspices,
               and expresses its intention to meet to receive and discuss his report;
                    7.   Requests the Secretary-General to provide a report on the situation in
               Western Sahara well before the end of the mandate period;
                    8.   Urges Member States to provide voluntary contributions to fund
               Confidence Building Measures that allow for increased contact between separated
               family members, especially family visits, as well as for other confidence building
               measures that may be agreed between the parties;
                    9.  Decides to extend the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the
               Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 30 April 2009;
                     10. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take the necessary
               measures to ensure full compliance in MINURSO with the United Nations zero
               tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to keep the Council informed,
               and urges troop-contributing countries to take appropriate preventive action
               including pre-deployment awareness training, and other action to ensure full
               accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel;
                    11.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

2                                                                                08-32546

Security Council resolution 1813 (2008) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)]

UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|UN. Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|CEASEFIRES|NEGOTIATION|WESTERN SAHARA|WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION|SELF-DETERMINATION OF PEOPLES|BUDGET CONTRIBUTIONS|CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES|FAMILY VISITS|SEX CRIMES|TROOP-CONTRIBUTING STATES|PLEBISCITES

S/63 [44] WESTERN SAHARA QUESTION
S/63 [45] UN MISSION FOR THE REFERENDUM IN WESTERN SAHARA


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/1814 (2008)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                15 May 2008

               Resolution 1814 (2008)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5893rd meeting, on
               15 May 2008

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling its previous resolutions concerning the situation in Somalia, in
               particular resolution 733 (1992), resolution 1356 (2001), resolution 1425 (2002),
               resolution 1725 (2006), resolution 1744 (2007), resolution 1772 (2007), resolution
               1801 (2008) and resolution 1811 (2008), and the statements of its President, in
               particular those of 13 July 2006 (S/PRST/2006/31), 22 December 2006
               (S/PRST/2006/59), 30 April 2007 (S/PRST/2007/13), 14 June 2007
               (S/PRST/2007/19) and 19 December 2007 (S/PRST/2007/49),
                    Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political
               independence and unity of Somalia,
                     Reiterating its commitment to a comprehensive and lasting settlement of the
               situation in Somalia through the Transitional Federal Charter (TFC), stressing the
               importance of broad-based and representative institutions reached through a
               political process ultimately inclusive of all, as envisaged in the TFC, and reiterating
               its support for Somalia’s Transitional Federal Institutions (TFIs) to take this
               forward,
                     Reiterating the need for agreement on a comprehensive and lasting cessation
               of hostilities and a roadmap for the remainder of the transitional process, including
               free and democratic elections in 2009 as set out in the TFC,
                     Welcoming the continued efforts by Prime Minister Nur “Adde” Hassan
               Hussein and his Cabinet, under the leadership of President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
               and supported by the Transitional Federal Parliament, to advance the political
               process and implement the transitional period, as required by the TFC, in particular
               the agreement to prepare a timetable for the Constitutional Process leading to a
               referendum in 2009, the presentation of the Reconciliation Strategy of the
               Transitional Federal Government (TFG), engagement with clan and local leaders
               across the country, and efforts to implement the National Security and Stabilisation
               Plan and to improve public finance management including budgetary and fiscal
               processes, and supporting efforts to make further progress in all these areas,

08-34379 (E)
*0834379*

S/RES/1814 (2008)

                    Welcoming the commitment of all Somali parties that have agreed to engage in
               dialogue with each other with a view to establishing peace and security in Somalia,
               urging all Somali parties to honour these commitments and to resort to peaceful
               means only to resolve their disputes, further welcoming the supporting role of the
               United Nations, in particular the practical support of the Special Representative of
               the Secretary-General (SRSG) and the United Nations Political Office for Somalia
               (UNPOS) to help progress this dialogue, and supporting in this regard the start on
               12 May 2008 of discussions between the parties in Djibouti,
                     Welcoming the Secretary-General’s report on Somalia of 14 March 2008
               (S/2008/178), in particular its assessment that the political situation in Somalia
               currently provides a renewed opportunity for the international community to give
               practical support to domestic initiatives, including an increased presence of United
               Nations personnel and, subject to broad-based political and security agreements and
               conditions on the ground, the deployment of a United Nations peacekeeping
               operation to succeed the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM),
                      Welcoming the Secretary-General’s support for a comprehensive United
               Nations strategic approach for peace and stability in Somalia, aligning and
               integrating political, security and programmatic efforts in a sequenced and mutually
               reinforcing way, and endorsing ongoing work by the United Nations to support the
               political process in Somalia and to determine options for re-locating United Nations
               staff to Somalia,
                     Commending the work of the SRSG, Mr. Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah, and of
               UNPOS, reaffirming its strong support for his work, in particular his leading role in
               coordinating international efforts, and requesting that all parties, as well as
               international organizations, the United Nations country team and Member States
               support and work in close coordination with him at all times,
                     Reaffirming its condemnation of all acts of, and incitement to, violence inside
               Somalia, expressing its concern at all acts intended to prevent or block a peaceful
               political process, and expressing its further concern at such acts and incitement
               continuing,
                    Underlining the importance of providing and maintaining stability and security
               throughout Somalia, and underscoring the importance of disarmament,
               demobilization and reintegration of militia and ex-combatants in Somalia,
                     Emphasizing the contribution that AMISOM is making to lasting peace and
               stability in Somalia, welcoming in particular the continuing commitment of the
               Governments of Uganda and Burundi, regretting the recent loss of a Burundian
               soldier, condemning any hostility towards AMISOM, and urging all parties in
               Somalia and the region to support and cooperate with AMISOM,
                     Underlining that the full deployment of AMISOM will help facilitate the full
               withdrawal of other foreign forces from Somalia and help create the conditions for
               lasting peace and stability there,
                    Taking note of the letter dated 20 February 2008 from the Chairperson of the
               African Union (AU) Commission to the Secretary-General, which was annexed to
               the Secretary-General’s report of 14 March 2008, and of the reply from the
               Secretary-General of 23 April 2008 (S/2008/309),

2                                                                                08-34379

                                                                                S/RES/1814 (2008)

                Emphasizing the continued contribution made to Somalia’s peace and security
           by the arms embargo imposed by resolution 733 (1992), as elaborated and amended
           by resolutions 1356 (2001), 1425 (2002), 1725 (2006), 1744 (2007) and 1772
           (2007), and reiterating its demand that all Member States, in particular those in the
           region, comply fully with it,
                Expressing deep concern at the human rights situation in Somalia, and taking
           note of the Resolution on Somalia adopted at the 7th Session of the Human Rights
           Council, and of the renewal by the Human Rights Council of the mandate for the
           Independent Expert on Somalia,
                Expressing its serious concern at the worsening humanitarian situation in
           Somalia and the continuing difficulties for humanitarian organizations operating in
           Somalia, including humanitarian access and security for humanitarian personnel,
           and reaffirming the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and
           independence,
                 Determining that the situation in Somalia continues to constitute a threat to
           international peace and security in the region,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                1.    Requests the Secretary-General to continue and intensify his efforts,
           working together with the international community, to promote an ongoing political
           process which is ultimately inclusive of all, including by assisting the TFIs in this
           regard and in delivering services to the Somali people;
                 2.    Strongly supports the approach proposed by the Secretary-General’s
           report of 14 March 2008, welcomes his intention to provide an updated
           comprehensive, integrated United Nations Strategy for peace and stability in
           Somalia, aligning and integrating political, security and programmatic efforts in a
           sequenced and mutually reinforcing way, and to include an assessment of the
           capacity of UNPOS to implement the Strategy, and requests that he submit the
           updated version to the Security Council within 60 days from the adoption of this
           resolution;
                 3.   Approves the Secretary-General’s proposal in his report of 14 March
           2008 to establish a joint planning unit in the office of the SRSG to facilitate
           effective and efficient implementation of the integrated strategy;
                 4.    Welcomes the Secretary-General’s recommendation, as set out in his
           report of 14 March 2008, to relocate UNPOS and the country team headquarters
           from Nairobi to Mogadishu or an interim location in Somalia in order to help deliver
           the comprehensive, integrated United Nations strategy in Somalia, and requests the
           Secretary-General to establish the necessary security arrangements for such a
           relocation, and to update the Security Council when he submits the Strategy referred
           to in paragraph 2 above;
                 5.   Decides that UNPOS and the United Nations country team shall, in
           promoting a comprehensive and lasting settlement in Somalia and through the
           promotion of the ongoing political process, enhance their support to the TFIs with
           the aim of developing a constitution and holding a constitutional referendum and
           free and democratic elections in 2009, as required by the TFC, and facilitating
           coordination of the international community’s support to these efforts, and requests

08-34379                                                                                3

S/RES/1814 (2008)

               the Secretary-General within 60 days from the adoption of this resolution to report
               on progress with this work;
                     6.    Recalls its intention to take measures against those who seek to prevent
               or block a peaceful political process, or those who threaten the TFIs or AMISOM by
               force, or take action that undermines stability in Somalia or the region, and therefore
               requests the Committee established pursuant to resolution 751 (1992) (herein after
               “the Committee”) to provide, within 60 days from the adoption of this resolution,
               recommendations on specific targeted measures to be imposed against such
               individuals or entities;
                     7.   Recalls its intention to strengthen the effectiveness of the United Nations
               arms embargo on Somalia, states its intention to take measures against those who
               breach the arms embargo, and those who support them in doing so, and therefore
               requests the Committee to provide, within 60 days from the adoption of this
               resolution, recommendations on specific targeted measures to be imposed against
               such individuals or entities;
                     8.    Requests the Secretary-General to continue his contingency planning for
               the possible deployment of a United Nations peacekeeping operation in Somalia to
               succeed AMISOM, including of possible additional scenarios, in close contact with
               UNPOS, the United Nations country team and other United Nations stakeholders,
               taking account of all relevant conditions on the ground, and considering additional
               options for the size, configuration, responsibility and proposed area of operation of
               the mission depending on different conditions on the ground, requests the Secretary-General to update on progress in his planning in the report referred to in paragraph 5
               above, and expresses its willingness to consider, at an appropriate time, a
               peacekeeping operation to take over from AMISOM, subject to progress in the
               political process and improvement in the security situation on the ground;
                     9.   Welcomes the Secretary-General’s undertaking, as set out in his letter of
               23 April 2008 to the Chairperson of the AU Commission, to provide additional
               United Nations technical advisers to the AU’s Strategic Plans and Management Unit
               in Addis Ababa, and encourages the Secretary-General to continue to explore with
               the AU Commission Chairperson, in coordination with donors, ways and means to
               strengthen United Nations logistical, political and technical support for the AU, to
               build the AU’s institutional capacity to carry out its commitments in addressing the
               challenges it faces in supporting AMISOM, and to assist AMISOM’s full
               deployment, to the extent possible and as appropriate, with the goal of achieving
               United Nations standards, and to update the Council in the report referred to in
               paragraph 5 above;
                     10. Reiterates its call upon Member States to provide financial resources,
               personnel, equipment and services for the full deployment of AMISOM and upon
               Member States of the African Union to contribute to AMISOM in order to facilitate
               the withdrawal of other foreign forces from Somalia and help create the conditions
               for lasting peace and stability there, urges those Member States which have offered
               to contribute to AMISOM to fulfil such commitments, recognizes that more needs to
               be done to harness increased support for AMISOM, and takes note of the Secretary-General’s proposals for harnessing such support, as set out in his letter of 23 April
               2008;

4                                                                                08-34379

                                                                                S/RES/1814 (2008)

                11. Reiterates its support for the contribution made by some States to protect
           the World Food Programme maritime convoys, calls upon States and regional
           organizations, in close coordination with each other and as notified in advance to the
           Secretary-General, and at the request of the TFG, to take action to protect shipping
           involved with the transportation and delivery of humanitarian aid to Somalia and
           United Nations-authorized activities, calls upon AMISOM troop-contributing
           countries, as appropriate, to provide support to this end, and requests the Secretary-General to provide his support to this effect;
                12. Strongly supports and encourages the ongoing humanitarian relief efforts
           in Somalia, recalls its resolution 1502 (2003) on the protection of humanitarian and
           United Nations personnel, calls on all parties and armed groups in Somalia to take
           appropriate steps to ensure the safety and security of AMISOM, United Nations and
           humanitarian personnel, demands that all parties ensure timely, safe and unhindered
           access for the delivery of humanitarian assistance to all those in need, wherever they
           may be, and urges the countries in the region to facilitate the provision of
           humanitarian assistance, including the timely, safe and unhindered passage of
           essential relief goods into Somalia by land or via air and sea ports;
                 13. Requests the Secretary-General to strengthen ongoing efforts for
           establishing a United Nations-led mechanism for bringing together and facilitating
           consultations between humanitarian organizations operating in Somalia, the TFG,
           donors and other relevant parties in order to help resolve issues of access, security
           and provision of humanitarian relief throughout Somalia, and further requests him
           to report on progress in the report referred to in paragraph 5 above;
                14. Requests the Secretary-General to establish an effective capacity within
           UNPOS to monitor and enhance the protection of human rights in Somalia, and to
           ensure coordination, as appropriate, between UNPOS, the Office of the High
           Commissioner for Human Rights and the Human Rights Council Independent
           Expert, and further requests the Secretary-General to report on progress in
           achieving this in the report referred to in paragraph 5 above;
                15. Supports the ongoing efforts of the United Nations, the African Union
           and interested Member States, in close cooperation with the TFG, to develop
           security sector institutions in Somalia, and requests the SRSG to enhance his
           coordination role in this area, aligning relevant United Nations programmes and
           Member States’ activities;
                 16. Condemns all and any violations of human rights and international
           humanitarian law, calls upon all parties in Somalia to respect fully their obligations
           in this regard, and calls for those responsible for such violations in Somalia to be
           brought to justice;
                 17. Reaffirms its previous resolutions 1325 (2000) on women, peace and
           security, and 1674 (2006) and 1738 (2006) on the protection of civilians in armed
           conflict, and stresses the responsibility of all parties and armed groups in Somalia to
           take appropriate steps to protect the civilian population in the country, consistent
           with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, in particular by
           avoiding any indiscriminate attacks on populated areas;
                 18. Reaffirms its previous resolution 1612 (2005) on children and armed
           conflict and recalls the subsequent conclusions of the Security Council Working

08-34379                                                                                5

S/RES/1814 (2008)

               Group on Children in Armed Conflict pertaining to parties to the armed conflict in
               Somalia (S/AC.51/2007/14);
                     19. Recalls that, pursuant to Article 65 of the United Nations Charter, the
               Economic and Social Council may furnish information to the Security Council and
               shall assist the Security Council upon its request;
                    20.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

6                                                                                08-34379

Security Council resolution 1814 (2008) [on relocation of the UN Political Office for Somalia (UNPOS) from Nairobi to Somalia]

Somalia. Transitional Federal Government|Somalia. Transitional Federal Institutions|UN Political Office for Somalia|African Union Mission in Somalia|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Somalia|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 751 (1992) concerning Somalia|African Union. Commission. Chairperson|World Food Programme|UN. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights|UN. Human Rights Council|UN. Human Rights Council. Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Somalia|UN. Security Council. Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|INTERIM GOVERNMENTS|ARMS EMBARGO|INTERNAL SECURITY|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|SOMALIA|SOMALIA SITUATION|LOCATION OF OFFICES|TECHNICAL COOPERATION|CONSULTATIONS|ELECTIONS|CAPACITY BUILDING|FINANCING|LOGISTICS|EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES|STAFF SECURITY|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|INTER-AGENCY COOPERATION|RELIEF PERSONNEL|DONOR COUNTRIES|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT|HUMAN RIGHTS|INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW|CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICTS


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/1815 (2008)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               2 June 2008

               Resolution 1815 (2008)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5901st meeting on
               2 June 2008

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling all its previous relevant resolutions, in particular resolutions 1595
               (2005), 1636 (2005), 1644 (2005), 1664 (2006), 1686 (2006), 1748 (2007), 1757
               (2007), 1373 (2001) and 1566 (2004),
                     Reaffirming its strongest condemnation of the 14 February 2005 terrorist
               bombing, as well as of all other attacks in Lebanon since October 2004, and
               reaffirming also that those involved in these attacks must be held accountable for
               their crimes,
                    Having examined the report of the International Independent Investigation
               Commission (S/2008/210) (“The Commission”), submitted pursuant to resolutions
               1595 (2005), 1636 (2005), 1644 (2005), 1686 (2006) and 1748 (2007),
                    Commending the Commission for its outstanding professional work and the
               progress it continues to achieve under difficult circumstances in assisting the
               Lebanese authorities in their investigation into all aspects of this terrorist act,
                    Taking note of the request to extend the mandate of the Commission expressed
               by the Commissioner in his briefing to the Security Council on 8 April 2008, in
               order to ensure stability and continuity in the investigative process,
                    Taking note of the letter of the Prime Minister of Lebanon of 8 May 2008
               (S/2008/334, Enclosure) to the Secretary-General expressing the hope that the
               Security Council will respond favourably to the Commissioner’s request by
               extending the mandate of the Commission until 31 December 2008, and noting the
               concurrent recommendation of the Secretary-General in this regard,
                     Willing to continue to assist Lebanon in the search for the truth and in holding
               all those involved in this terrorist attack accountable,
                    1.    Welcomes the report of the Commission;
                    2.     Decides to extend the mandate of the Commission until 31 December
               2008 and declares its readiness to terminate the mandate earlier if the Commission
               reports that it has completed the implementation of its mandate;

08-36207 (E)
*0836207*

S/RES/1815 (2008)

                    3.    Requests the Commission to report to the Council on the progress of the
               investigation at the latest in six months, and at any other earlier time if it deems
               appropriate;
                    4.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

2                                                                                08-36207

Security Council resolution 1815 (2008) [on extension of the mandate of the UN International Independent Investigation Commission in Lebanon]

UN International Independent Investigation Commission in Lebanon|CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION|COMMISSIONS OF INQUIRY|LEBANON|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION

S/63 [56] LEBANON--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/63 [54] MIDDLE EAST SITUATION


                United Nations                                                                 S/RES/1816 (2008)*
                Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                                2 June 2008

                Resolution 1816 (2008)
                Adopted by the Security Council at its 5902nd meeting on
                2 June 2008

                     The Security Council,
                     Recalling its previous resolutions and the statements of its President
                concerning the situation in Somalia,
                     Gravely concerned by the threat that acts of piracy and armed robbery against
                vessels pose to the prompt, safe and effective delivery of humanitarian aid to
                Somalia, the safety of commercial maritime routes and to international navigation,
                     Expressing its concerns at the quarterly reports from the International
                Maritime Organization (IMO) since 2005, which provide evidence of continuing
                piracy and armed robbery in particular in the waters off the coast of Somalia,
                     Affirming that international law, as reflected in the United Nations Convention
                on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 (“the Convention”), sets out the legal
                framework applicable to combating piracy and armed robbery, as well as other
                ocean activities,
                     Reaffirming the relevant provisions of international law with respect to the
                repression of piracy, including the Convention, and recalling that they provide
                guiding principles for cooperation to the fullest possible extent in the repression of
                piracy on the high seas or in any other place outside the jurisdiction of any state,
                including but not limited to boarding, searching, and seizing vessels engaged in or
                suspected of engaging in acts of piracy, and to apprehending persons engaged in
                such acts with a view to such persons being prosecuted,
                     Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political
                independence and unity of Somalia,
                      Taking into account the crisis situation in Somalia, and the lack of capacity of
                the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) to interdict pirates or patrol and secure
                either the international sea lanes off the coast of Somalia or Somalia’s territorial
                waters,

            * Reissued for technical reasons.

08-36177* (E)
*0836177*

S/RES/1816 (2008)

                     Deploring the recent incidents of attacks upon and hijacking of vessels in the
               territorial waters and on the high seas off the coast of Somalia including attacks
               upon and hijackings of vessels operated by the World Food Program and numerous
               commercial vessels and the serious adverse impact of these attacks on the prompt,
               safe and effective delivery of food aid and other humanitarian assistance to the
               people of Somalia, and the grave dangers they pose to vessels, crews, passengers,
               and cargo,
                     Noting the letters to the Secretary-General from the Secretary-General of the
               IMO dated 5 July 2007 and 18 September 2007 regarding the piracy problems off
               the coast of Somalia and the IMO Assembly resolution A.1002 (25), which strongly
               urged Governments to increase their efforts to prevent and repress, within the
               provisions of international law, acts of piracy and armed robbery against vessels
               irrespective of where such acts occur, and recalling the joint communiqué of the
               IMO and the World Food Programme of 10 July 2007,
                    Taking note of the Secretary-General’s letter of 9 November 2007 to the
               President of the Security Council reporting that the Transitional Federal
               Government of Somalia (TFG) needs and would welcome international assistance to
               address the problem,
                     Taking further note of the letter from the Permanent Representative of the
               Somali Republic to the United Nations to the President of the Security Council
               dated 27 February 2008, conveying the consent of the TFG to the Security Council
               for urgent assistance in securing the territorial and international waters off the coast
               of Somalia for the safe conduct of shipping and navigation,
                     Determining that the incidents of piracy and armed robbery against vessels in
               the territorial waters of Somalia and the high seas off the coast of Somalia
               exacerbate the situation in Somalia which continues to constitute a threat to
               international peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                    1.     Condemns and deplores all acts of piracy and armed robbery against
               vessels in territorial waters and the high seas off the coast of Somalia;
                    2.    Urges States whose naval vessels and military aircraft operate on the
               high seas and airspace off the coast of Somalia to be vigilant to acts of piracy and
               armed robbery and, in this context, encourages, in particular, States interested in the
               use of commercial maritime routes off the coast of Somalia, to increase and
               coordinate their efforts to deter acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea in
               cooperation with the TFG;
                     3.   Urges all States to cooperate with each other, with the IMO and, as
               appropriate, with the relevant regional organizations in connection with, and share
               information about, acts of piracy and armed robbery in the territorial waters and on
               the high seas off the coast of Somalia, and to render assistance to vessels threatened
               by or under attack by pirates or armed robbers, in accordance with relevant
               international law;
                     4.   Further urges States to work in cooperation with interested
               organizations, including the IMO, to ensure that vessels entitled to fly their flag
               receive appropriate guidance and training on avoidance, evasion, and defensive
               techniques and to avoid the area whenever possible;

2                                                                                08-36177

                                                                                S/RES/1816 (2008)

                5.    Calls upon States and interested organizations, including the IMO, to
           provide technical assistance to Somalia and nearby coastal States upon their request
           to enhance the capacity of these States to ensure coastal and maritime security,
           including combating piracy and armed robbery off the Somali and nearby coastlines;
                 6.   Affirms that the measures imposed by paragraph 5 of resolution
           733 (1992) and further elaborated upon by paragraphs 1 and 2 of resolution
           1425 (2002) do not apply to supplies of technical assistance to Somalia solely for
           the purposes set out in paragraph 5 above which have been exempted from those
           measures in accordance with the procedure set out in paragraphs 11 (b) and 12 of
           resolution 1772 (2007);
                 7.   Decides that for a period of six months from the date of this resolution,
           States cooperating with the TFG in the fight against piracy and armed robbery at sea
           off the coast of Somalia, for which advance notification has been provided by the
           TFG to the Secretary-General, may:
                (a) Enter the territorial waters of Somalia for the purpose of repressing acts
           of piracy and armed robbery at sea, in a manner consistent with such action
           permitted on the high seas with respect to piracy under relevant international law;
           and
                 (b) Use, within the territorial waters of Somalia, in a manner consistent with
           action permitted on the high seas with respect to piracy under relevant international
           law, all necessary means to repress acts of piracy and armed robbery;
                 8.    Requests that cooperating states take appropriate steps to ensure that the
           activities they undertake pursuant to the authorization in paragraph 7 do not have
           the practical effect of denying or impairing the right of innocent passage to the ships
           of any third State;
                 9.   Affirms that the authorization provided in this resolution applies only
           with respect to the situation in Somalia and shall not affect the rights or obligations
           or responsibilities of member states under international law, including any rights or
           obligations under the Convention, with respect to any other situation, and
           underscores in particular that it shall not be considered as establishing customary
           international law, and affirms further that this authorization has been provided only
           following receipt of the letter from the Permanent Representative of the Somalia
           Republic to the United Nations to the President of the Security Council dated
           27 February 2008 conveying the consent of the TFG;
                 10. Calls upon States to coordinate their actions with other participating
           States taken pursuant to paragraphs 5 and 7 above;
                 11. Calls upon all States, and in particular flag, port and coastal States,
           States of the nationality of victims and perpetrators or piracy and armed robbery,
           and other States with relevant jurisdiction under international law and national
           legislation, to cooperate in determining jurisdiction, and in the investigation and
           prosecution of persons responsible for acts of piracy and armed robbery off the
           coast of Somalia, consistent with applicable international law including
           international human rights law, and to render assistance by, among other actions,
           providing disposition and logistics assistance with respect to persons under their
           jurisdiction and control, such victims and witnesses and persons detained as a result
           of operations conducted under this resolution;

08-36177                                                                                3

S/RES/1816 (2008)

                    12. Requests States cooperating with the TFG to inform the Security Council
               within 3 months of the progress of actions undertaken in the exercise of the
               authority provided in paragraph 7 above;
                     13. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council within
               5 months of adoption of this resolution on the implementation of this resolution and
               on the situation with respect to piracy and armed robbery in territorial waters and
               the high seas off the coast of Somalia;
                     14. Requests the Secretary-General of the IMO to brief the Council on the
               basis of cases brought to his attention by the agreement of all affected coastal states,
               and duly taking into account the existing bilateral and regional cooperative
               arrangements, on the situation with respect to piracy and armed robbery;
                    15. Expresses its intention to review the situation and consider, as
               appropriate, renewing the authority provided in paragraph 7 above for additional
               periods upon the request of the TFG;
                    16.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

4                                                                                08-36177

Security Council resolution 1816 (2008) [on acts of piracy and armed robbery against vessels in territorial waters and the high seas off the coast of Somalia]

Somalia. Transitional National Government|IMO|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PIRACY|ROBBERY|TERRITORIAL SEA|SOMALIA|SHIPS|MARITIME SECURITY|SOMALIA SITUATION|INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION|INFORMATION EXCHANGE|TECHNICAL COOPERATION|CRIMINAL JURISDICTION|MARITIME TRAFFIC|INNOCENT PASSAGE|JUDICIAL ASSISTANCE|INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS|JURISDICTION OVER SHIPS AT SEA|CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION|PROSECUTION


               United Nations                                                                      S/RES/1817 (2008)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                11 June 2008

               Resolution 1817 (2008)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5907th meeting, on
               11 June 2008

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions on Afghanistan, in particular its resolutions
               1659 (2006), 1776 (2007) and 1806 (2008), and the statement of its President on
               17 June 2003 (S/PRST/2003/7),
                     Recalling its resolutions 1267 (1999) and 1735 (2006), and reiterating its
               support for international efforts to combat terrorism in accordance with international
               law, including the Charter of the United Nations,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and national unity of Afghanistan,
                    Reaffirming its continued support for the Government and people of
               Afghanistan as they rebuild their country, strengthen the foundations of sustainable
               peace and constitutional democracy and assume their rightful place in the
               community of nations,
                     Noting with concern the existing links between international security, terrorism
               and transnational organized crime, money-laundering, trafficking in illicit drugs and
               illegal arms, and in this regard emphasizing the need to enhance coordination of
               efforts on national, subregional, regional and international levels in order to
               strengthen a global response to this serious challenge,
                      Reiterating its concern about the security situation in Afghanistan, in particular
               the continued violent and terrorist activities by the Taliban, Al-Qaida, illegal armed
               groups, criminals and those involved in the narcotics trade, and the links between
               illicit drugs trafficking and terrorism, and Calling upon the Afghan Government,
               with the assistance of the international community, including the International
               Security Assistance Force and Operation Enduring Freedom coalition, in accordance
               with their respective designated responsibilities as they evolve, to continue to
               address the threat to the security and stability of Afghanistan posed by the Taliban,
               Al-Qaida, illegally armed groups, criminals and those involved in the narcotics
               trade,
                    Welcoming the ongoing efforts of the Government of Afghanistan in the fight
               against narcotic drugs and also welcoming the efforts of neighbouring countries to

08-37611 (E)
*0837611*

S/RES/1817 (2008)

               address the impact on the region of the production of illicit drugs in Afghanistan,
               including through interdiction activities, and encouraging the international and
               regional organizations to enhance their role in the fight against illicit trafficking in
               narcotics and precursors, Paying homage to the sacrifice of members of the security
               forces of Afghanistan and its neighbouring countries in the fight against drug
               traffickers,
                     Reiterating its support for the fight against illicit production and trafficking of
               drugs from and chemical precursors to Afghanistan, in neighbouring countries,
               countries on trafficking routes, drug destination countries and precursors producing
               countries, encouraging increased cooperation between those countries to strengthen
               anti-narcotics controls to curb the drug flow, including through border management
               cooperation, and expressing its support for the Paris Pact Initiative, for the outcome
               of the Second Ministerial Conference organized in Moscow in June 2006, and for
               the meeting organized in Kabul in October 2007 in the framework of the Paris Pact
               Initiative; Stressing the need for Member States to take measures, with the support
               of relevant international actors to combat the laundering of proceeds of criminal
               activity, corruption and illicit trafficking in narcotics and precursors in line with the
               outcome of the Moscow Conference,
                    Recalling that achieving a sustained and significant reduction in the production
               and trafficking of narcotics with a view to eliminating the narcotics industry has
               been identified as a cross-cutting priority by the “Afghanistan Compact” adopted in
               London in 2006, which provides the framework for the partnership between the
               Afghan Government and the international community, as well as the Government of
               Afghanistan’s National Drug Control Strategy,
                    Stressing the importance of a comprehensive approach to address the drug
               problem of Afghanistan, which, to be effective has to be integrated into the wider
               context of efforts carried out in the three areas of Security, Governance, Rule of
               Law and Human Rights, and Economic and Social Development, stressing that the
               development of alternative livelihood programmes is of key importance in the
               success of the efforts in counter-narcotics in Afghanistan, and reiterating that
               extensive efforts have also to be made to reduce the demand of drugs globally in
               order to contribute to the sustainability of the elimination of illicit cultivation in
               Afghanistan,
                     Expressing utmost concern at the increase of illegal smuggling, for illicit use,
               to and within Afghanistan of chemical precursors needed to produce heroin, in
               particular acetic anhydride, and also hydrochloric acid and acetone, linked to the
               high level of opium cultivation, production and trafficking, and noting that most of
               the opium produced in Afghanistan is now processed in the country,
                    Recalling the Political Declaration adopted by the General Assembly at its
               twentieth special session, in which Member States decided to establish the year
               2008 as a target date for States to eliminate or significantly reduce, inter alia, the
               diversion of precursors, and recognizing that action against the world drug problem
               is a common and shared responsibility requiring an integrated and balanced
               approach in full conformity with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the
               United Nations and international law,
                   Acknowledging the role of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of the
               Economic and Social Council as the central policymaking and coordinating body

2                                                                                08-37611

                                                                                S/RES/1817 (2008)

           within the United Nations system on international drug control issues, and
           welcoming its intention to consider the issue of precursors control as one of the
           central questions to be discussed during the high-level segment of the fifty-second
           session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs,
                 Acknowledging the mandate and the leading role played by the International
           Narcotics Control Board (INCB), as an independent treaty body, in the
           implementation of the United Nations international drug control conventions and the
           international control of precursors,
                 Stressing the central role played by the United Nations Office on Drugs and
           Crime (UNODC) in assisting Member States, notably by providing technical
           assistance, in the fight against illicit drugs,
                 1.   Expresses utmost concern at the high level of opium cultivation,
           production and trafficking, which involves in particular the diversion of chemical
           precursors, and stresses once again the serious harm that it causes to the security,
           development and governance of Afghanistan as well as to the region and
           internationally, and to the success of the international efforts;
                2.    Calls upon all Member States to increase international and regional
           cooperation in order to counter the illicit production and trafficking of drugs in
           Afghanistan, including by strengthening the monitoring of the international trade in
           chemical precursors, notably but not limited to acetic anhydride, and to prevent
           attempts to divert the substances from licit international trade for illicit use in
           Afghanistan;
                 3.    Invites all Member States, in particular chemical precursors producing
           countries, Afghanistan, neighbouring countries, and all countries on the trafficking
           routes to increase their cooperation with the INCB, notably by fully complying with
           the provisions of article 12 of United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in
           Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988, in order to eliminate loopholes
           utilized by criminal organizations to divert chemical precursors from licit
           international trade;
                 4.   Urges exporting States to ensure the systematic notification of all exports
           of relevant chemical precursors, upon request from importing States, in accordance
           with provisions of the 1988 Convention, and encourages importing States to request
           the systematic notification of such exports; also urges the Governments that have
           not yet done so to register with and utilize the online system for the exchange of
           pre-export notifications (PEN Online);
                 5.    Calls upon States that have not done so to consider ratifying or acceding
           to, and State parties to implement fully the multilateral treaties whose aim is to fight
           against the illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs, notably the United Nations Single
           Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, as amended by the Protocol of 25 March 1972
           and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and
           Psychotropic Substances, 1988, underlines the importance for all States parties to
           these treaties to implement them fully, and stresses that nothing in this resolution
           will impose on State parties new obligations with regard to these treaties;
                 6.   Expresses its continued support to the commitment and efforts of
           Afghanistan to achieve a sustained and significant reduction in the production and
           trafficking of narcotics with a view to complete elimination, Expresses also its

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S/RES/1817 (2008)

               support to the Afghan National Drug Control Strategy and calls on the Afghan
               Government, with the assistance of the international community, to accelerate its
               implementation, as discussed at the seventh meeting of the Joint Coordinating and
               Monitoring Board (JCMB) held in Tokyo in February 2008, and Calls for additional
               international support for the priorities identified in that Strategy;
                     7.    Calls upon all Member States, in particular chemical precursors
               producing countries, Afghanistan, neighbouring countries and all countries on the
               trafficking routes to adopt adequate national legislation, consistent with the
               requirements of relevant international conventions to which they are parties, where
               it has not yet been done, and to strengthen their national capacities in the areas of
               (i) regulation and monitoring of manufacture and trade of chemical precursors, with
               a view to controlling the final destination of such chemicals and (ii) specialized
               enforcement operations against the diversion of precursors, including for their
               detection and disposal in Afghanistan and the region, and for strengthening border
               controls;
                     8.   Invites the international community to provide financial and technical
               assistance and support, in building national capacity in the fields referred to in
               paragraph 7, to Afghanistan and, where appropriate and upon request, neighbouring
               countries, including through voluntary contributions to UNODC; stresses in
               particular the importance of training and equipping law enforcement agencies,
               including border police and customs officers, so as to allow them to deal efficiently
               with such tasks as detection, scanning, stockpiling, transportation and destruction of
               chemical precursors; and encourages Afghanistan and its neighbours to make full
               use of such assistance;
                     9.     Reiterates its support for the Paris Pact Initiative aimed at facilitating
               counter-narcotics cooperation and coordination among countries seriously affected
               by the trafficking of narcotic drugs produced in Afghanistan, for the outcome of the
               Second Ministerial Conference organized in Moscow in June 2006 (S/2006/598), in
               cooperation with UNODC, and for other international and/or regional relevant
               initiatives, such as Project Cohesion, and calls upon Paris Pact partners to further
               promote international and regional initiatives;
                     10. Welcomes the launch, under the guidance of UNODC and the Project
               Cohesion Task Force, of the Targeted Anti-Trafficking Regional Communication,
               Expertise and Training (TARCET) initiative, targeting precursors used in the
               manufacture of heroin in Afghanistan, and urges the Paris Pact partners to cooperate
               closely in a view to achieve its successful implementation;
                     11. Recognizes the legitimate need of industry to have access to precursors
               and its important role in preventing the diversion of precursors, and encourages all
               Member States, in particular producing countries, Afghanistan and its neighbours to
               develop partnerships with the private sector so as to prevent the diversion of
               precursors;
                     12. Looks forward to the outcome of the international conference in support
               of Afghanistan, which will be held in Paris on 12 June 2008, and encourages the
               participants to the Conference to make concrete proposals on the ways to address
               the problem of diversion of chemical precursors for illicit use, in the wider
               framework of the discussions on the strengthening of counter-narcotics activities in

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                                                                                S/RES/1817 (2008)

           the Afghanistan National Development Strategy and National Drug Control
           Strategy;
                  13. Encourages Member States to submit to the Committee established
           pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999) for inclusion on the Consolidated List names of
           individuals and entities participating in the financing or support of acts or activities
           of Al-Qaida, Usama bin Laden and the Taliban, and other individuals, groups,
           undertakings and entities associated with them, using proceeds derived from the
           illicit cultivation, production, and trafficking of narcotic drugs produced in
           Afghanistan and their precursors, in order to give full effect to the relevant
           provisions of resolution 1735 (2006);
                 14. Requests the Secretary-General to include, as appropriate, in his regular
           reports to the Security Council and the General Assembly on the situation in
           Afghanistan, in close consultation with UNODC and INCB, observations and
           recommendations on the fight against drug production and trafficking, notably on
           the issue of the illicit traffic of chemical precursors to and within Afghanistan;
                15. Invites the Commission on Narcotic Drugs to consider, in accordance
           with its mandate, ways to strengthen regional and international cooperation to
           prevent the diversion and smuggling of chemical precursors to and within
           Afghanistan, and further opportunities for Member States to support the Afghan
           Government in developing capacities to tackle precursors and trafficking;
                16.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

08-37611                                                                                5

Security Council resolution 1817 (2008) [on production and trafficking of drugs in Afghanistan]

Bin Laden, Usama|International Narcotics Control Board|UN Office on Drugs and Crime|Afghanistan National Drug Control Strategy|Joint Coordination and Monitoring Board in Afghanistan|Paris Pact Initiative|Targeted Anti-Trafficking Regional Communication, Expertise and Training (TARCET) Initiative|Interim Afghanistan National Development Strategy|Qaida (Organization)|Taliban (Afghanistan)|UN. Commission on Narcotic Drugs|Ministerial Conference on Drug Trafficking Routes from Afghanistan (2nd : 2006 : Moscow)|UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988)|Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961). Protocols, etc., 1972 Mar. 25|DRUG PRODUCTION|DRUG TRAFFIC|PRECURSOR CHEMICALS|AFGHANISTAN|DRUG CONTROL|INTERNATIONAL DRUG MONITORING|REGIONAL COOPERATION|TREATY COMPLIANCE|DRUG LEGISLATION|BORDER TRAFFIC|FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE|TECHNICAL COOPERATION|CAPACITY BUILDING|PARTNERSHIP|PRIVATE SECTOR|COUNTER-TERRORISM

S/63 [46] AFGHANISTAN SITUATION
S/63 [25] NARCOTIC DRUGS


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/1818 (2008)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               13 June 2008

               Resolution 1818 (2008)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5911th meeting,
               on 13 June 2008

                    The Security Council,
                    Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General of 2 June 2008 (S/2008/353) on
               the United Nations operation in Cyprus,
                    Noting that the Government of Cyprus is agreed that in view of the prevailing
               conditions on the island it is necessary to keep UNFICYP beyond 15 June 2008,
                     Echoing the Secretary-General’s firm belief that the responsibility of finding a
               solution lies first and foremost with the Cypriots themselves, that there now exists
               an important window of opportunity to make decisive progress which must be fully
               utilized by all parties in the search for a comprehensive solution, and noting the
               primary role of the United Nations in assisting the parties to bring the Cyprus
               conflict and division of the island to a comprehensive and durable settlement,
                     Welcoming the agreement of 21 March and the Joint Statement of 23 May 2008
               which, inter alia, have demonstrated a renewed political willingness to support and
               engage fully and in good faith with the United Nations efforts, reaffirmed the
               commitment of the leaders to a bicommunal, bizonal federation with political
               equality, as set out in the relevant Security Council resolutions, and to consider
               further civilian and military confidence-building measures,
                    Welcoming the opening of the Ledra Street crossing which has helped foster
               greater trust and interaction between the two communities; reaffirming the
               importance of continued crossings of the Green Line by Cypriots, and encouraging
               the opening of other crossing points,
                     Welcoming the intention of the Secretary-General to appoint a Special Adviser
               at the appropriate time and to keep the Council informed of further developments
               and progress,
                     Taking note of the assessment of the Secretary-General that the security
               situation on the island and along the Green Line remains generally stable,
               welcoming the decrease in the overall number of incidents involving the two sides,
               and urging both sides to avoid any action, including restrictions on UNFICYP’s
               movements, which could lead to an increase in tension,

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*0838114*

S/RES/1818 (2008)

                     Welcoming the coordination arrangements agreed with the United Nations to
               address unauthorized construction within the buffer zone, including large-scale
               commercial projects, and echoing the Secretary-General’s firm belief that the
               situation in the buffer zone would be improved if both sides accepted the 1989 aidememoire used by the United Nations,
                     Welcoming the agreement with the Turkish forces to proceed with demining
               activities, but urging that further guidelines be agreed to permit such activities to
               take place in all outstanding minefields; noting with concern that funding for the
               Mine Action Centre beyond 2008 has not yet been secured but that this work will
               need to continue beyond that period,
                    Welcoming the progress and continuation of the important activities of the
               Committee on Missing Persons; expressing the hope that this process will promote
               reconciliation between the communities,
                    Agreeing that an active and flourishing civil society is essential to the political
               process and welcoming all efforts to promote bicommunal contacts and events,
               including, inter alia, on the part of all United Nations bodies on the island, and
               urging the two sides to promote the active engagement of civil society and the
               encouragement of cooperation between economic and commercial bodies and to
               remove all obstacles to such contacts,
                    Reaffirming the importance of the Secretary-General continuing to keep the
               operations of UNFICYP under close review while continuing to take into account
               developments on the ground and the views of the parties, and reverting to the
               Council with recommendations as appropriate for further adjustments to
               UNFICYP’s mandate, force levels and concept of operation as soon as warranted,
                    Welcoming the appointment of Tayé-Brook Zerihoun as the Secretary-General’s new Special Representative to Cyprus, and echoing the Secretary-General’s appreciation for the work of the previous Special Representative, Michael
               Moller,
                    Echoing also the Secretary-General’s gratitude to the Government of Cyprus
               and the Government of Greece for their voluntary contributions to the funding of
               UNFICYP, and his request for further voluntary contributions from other countries
               and organizations,
                    Welcoming and encouraging efforts by the United Nations to sensitize
               peacekeeping personnel in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS and other
               communicable diseases in all its peacekeeping operations,
                   1.     Welcomes the analysis of developments on the ground over the last six
               months in the Secretary-General’s report;
                     2.   Urges the parties to build on the present momentum and continue their
               efforts to identify to the greatest possible extent areas of convergence and
               disagreement, while preparing options where feasible on the more sensitive
               elements, and to work to ensure that fully fledged negotiations can begin
               expeditiously and smoothly, in line with the agreement of 21 March and the Joint
               Statement of 23 May;
                    3.   Reaffirms all its relevant resolutions on Cyprus, in particular resolution
               1251 (1999) of 29 June 1999 and subsequent resolutions;

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                                                                                S/RES/1818 (2008)

               4.    Expresses its full support for UNFICYP and decides to extend its
           mandate for a further period ending 15 December 2008;
                5.    Calls on both sides to continue to engage, as a matter of urgency and
           while respecting UNFICYP’s mandate, in consultations with UNFICYP on the
           demarcation of the buffer zone, and on the United Nations 1989 aide-memoire, with
           a view to reaching early agreement on outstanding issues;
                6.     Calls on the Turkish Cypriot side and Turkish forces to restore in
           Strovilia the military status quo which existed there prior to 30 June 2000;
                 7.   Requests the Secretary-General to submit a report on implementation of
           this resolution by 1 December 2008 and to keep the Security Council updated on
           events as necessary;
                8.    Welcomes the efforts being undertaken by UNFICYP to implement the
           Secretary-General’s zero tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to
           ensure full compliance of its personnel with the United Nations code of conduct,
           requests the Secretary-General to continue to take all necessary action in this regard
           and to keep the Security Council informed, and urges troop-contributing countries to
           take appropriate preventive action including the conduct of pre-deployment
           awareness training, and to take disciplinary action and other action to ensure full
           accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel;
                9.    Decides to remain seized of the matter.

08-38114                                                                                3

Security Council resolution 1818 (2008) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)]

UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES|CYPRUS|CYPRUS QUESTION|DISPUTE SETTLEMENT|TURKISH CYPRIOT COMMUNITY|MILITARY PERSONNEL|TÜRKİYE|SEX CRIMES|CODES OF CONDUCT|TROOP-CONTRIBUTING STATES|TRAINING PROGRAMMES

S/63 [42] CYPRUS QUESTION
S/63 [43] UN PEACEKEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS