Resolution 410 (1977)
of 15 June 1977

The Security Council,

Noting from the report of the Secretary-General
of 7 June 1977 55 that in existing circumstances the
presence of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in
Cyprus is essential not only to help maintain quiet in
the island but also to facilitate the continued search
for a peaceful settlement,

Noting from the report the conditions prevailing in
the island,

Noting also from the report that the freedom of
movement of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force
in Cyprus and its civil police is still restricted in the
north of the island, and expressing the hope that ways
will be found to surmount the remaining obstacles,

Noting further that the Secretary-General expressed
the view that the best hope of achieving a just and
lasting settlement of the Cyprus problem lies in negotiations between the representatives of the two communities and that the usefulness of those negotiations
depends upon the willingness of all parties concerned
to show the necessary flexibilily, taking into account
not only their own interests but also the legitimate
aspirations and requirements of the opposing side,

Noting that, owing to the efforts of the Secretary-General, his staff and the United Nations Peace-keeping
Force, and with the co-operation of the parties, there
has been a relative improvement in the security situation, but that this evolution has yet to relieve the
underlying tensions in the island,

Noting also the report of the Secretary-General of
30 April 1977 56 concerning the high-level meeting
under the auspices of the Secretary-General, and emphasizing the need to adhere to the agreement reached
at this meeting as well as to the agreements reached
at the previous rounds of the talks,

Noting further the concurrence of the parties concerned in the recommendation by the Secretary-General
that the Security Council extend the stationing of the
United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus for a
further period of six months,

Noting that the Government of Cyprus has agreed
that, in view of the prevailing conditions in the island,
it is necessary to keep the Force in Cyprus beyond
15 June 1977,

1. Reaffirms the provisions of resolution 186 (1964)
of 4 March 1964, as well as subsequent resolutions
and decisions on the establishment and maintenance
of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus
and other aspects of the situation in Cyprus;

2. Reaffirms once again its resolution 365 (1974)
of 13 December 1974, by which it endorsed Genera]
Assembly resolution 3212 (XXIX) adopted unanimously on 1 November 1974, and calls once again fo
the urgent and effective implementation of those resolutions and of its resolution 367 (1975) of 12 March 1975;

3. Urges the parties concerned to act with the utmost restraint by refraining from any unilateral o1
other action likely to affect adversely the prospects of
negotiations for a just and peaceful solution and to
continue and accelerate determined co-operative efforts
to achieve the objectives of the Security Council;
4, Extends once more the stationing in Cyprus of
the United Nations Peace-keeping Force, established
under Security Council resolution 186 (1964), for a
further period ending 15 December 1977, in the expectation that by then sufficient progress towards a
final solution will make possible a withdrawal or substantial reduction of the Force;

5, Appeals again to all parties concerned to extend
their fullest co-operation so as to enable the United
Nations Peace-keeping Force to perform its duties
effectively,

6. Requests the Secretary-General to continue the
mission of good offices entrusted to him by paragraph 6
of resolution 367 (1975), to keep the Security Council informed of the progress made and to submit a report
on the implementation of the present resolution by 30
November 1977.

Adopted at the 2012th meeting by 14 votes to none. 57

55 Ibid., document S/12342.
56 Ibid., document S/12323.
57 One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 410 (1977) [on extension of the stationing in Cyprus of the UN Peace-keeping Force]

UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus|UN. Secretary-General|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|CYPRUS QUESTION|GOOD OFFICES


Resolution 411 (1977)
of 30 June 1977

The Security Council,

Taking note of the telegram dated 18 June 1977
from the President of the People’s Republic of Mozambique, Mr. Samora Moisés Machel, to the Secretary-General, contained in document S/12350 and Add.1, 36

Having heard the statement of Mr. Marcelino dos
Santos, member of the Permanent Political Committee
of FRELIMO 37 and Minister for Development and
Economic Planning of Mozambique, 38 concerning the
recent acts of aggression against Mozambique committed by the illegal racist minority régime in Southern
Rhodesia,

Taking note of the resolution adopted by the Council
of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity at its
twenty-ninth ordinary session at Libreville, Gabon, 39

Indignant at the systematic acts of aggression committed by the illegal régime in Southern Rhodesia
against the People’s Republic of Mozambique and the
resulting loss of life and destruction of property,

Gravely concerned at the rapidly deteriorating situation in Southern Rhodesia as a result of the continued
existence of the illegal régime,

Reaffirming the inalienable rights of the people of
Zimbabwe to self-determination and independence, in
accordance with General Assembly resolution 1514
(XV) of 14 December 1960, and the legitimacy of
their struggle to secure the enjoyment of such rights as
set forth in the Charter of the United Nations,

Recalling its resolution 232 (1966) of 16 December
1966, in which it determined that the situation in
Southern Rhodesia constituted a threat to international
peace and security,

Cognizant of the fact that the recent acts of aggression perpetrated by the illegal régime against the
People’s Republic of Mozambique together with that
régime’s constant acts of aggression and threats against
the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic
of Botswana and the Republic of Zambia aggravate the
existing serious threat to the security and stability of
the region,

Recalling its resolutions on sanctions against the
illegal régime in Southern Rhodesia, in particular resolution 253 (1968) of 29 May 1968,

Conscious of the important contribution made by the
Government of the People’s Republic of Mozambique
through its decision of 3 March 1976 to close its
borders with Southern Rhodesia and to apply strictly
sanctions against the illegal régime in conformity with
United Nations resolutions,

Deeply concerned that the measures approved by the
Security Council have so far failed to bring to an end
the illegal régime and convinced that sanctions cannot
put an end to that régime unless they are comprehensive, mandatory and strictly supervised and unless
measures are taken against States which violate them,

Recalling its resolution 386 (1976) of 17 March
1976,

Expressing its particular concern at the continued
violation of sanctions by South Africa and its support
of the illegal régime in Southern Rhodesia,

Reaffirming the primary responsibility of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, as the
administering Power, to take all effective measures to
bring to an end the illegal régime in Southern Rhodesia,
in accordance with the relevant United Nations resolutions,

Reaffirming the relevant provisions of the Maputo
Declaration in Support of the Peoples of Zimbabwe and
Namibia 40 and in particular those provisions which call
for assistance to those front-line States victims of acts
of aggression by the racist minority régimes,

Affirming the right of the People’s Republic of Mozambique to take all necessary measures, in accordance
with the Charter, to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity,

1. Strongly condemns the illegal racist minority
régime in Southern Rhodesia for its recent acts of aggression against the People’s Republic of Mozambique;

2. Solemnly declares that these acts of aggression
as well as the repeated attacks and threats against the
Republic of Zambia and the Republic of Botswana by
the illegal régime in Southern Rhodesia constitute a
serious aggravation of the situation in the area;

3. Condemns South Africa for its continued support of the illegal régime in Southern Rhodesia in contravention of Security Council resolutions on sanctions
against the régime at Salisbury;

4. Reaffirms that the continued existence of the
illegal régime in Southern Rhodesia is a source of
insecurity and instability in the region and constitutes
a serious threat to international peace and security;

5. Reaffirms the right of the people of Zimbabwe to
self-determination and independence, in accordance
with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), and
urges all States to intensify assistance to the people of
Zimbabwe and their national liberation movement in
their struggle to achieve that objective;

6. Commends the Government of the People’s Republic of Mozambique for its scrupulous observance of
sanctions against the illegal régime in Southern Rhodesia and its steadfast support to the people of Zimbabwe in their legitimate struggle, in accordance with
the relevant General Assembly and Security Council
resolutions;

7. Demands that the national sovereignty and territorial integrity of Mozambique be scrupulously respected;

8. Demands that all States refrain from providing
any support—overt or covert—to the illegal régime in
Southern Rhodesia and, in particular, demands that
South Africa adhere fully to Security Council resolutions and thus cease from any co-operation or collaboration with the illegal régime at Salisbury in violation of
the Council’s decisions;

9. Requests all States to give immediate and substantial material assistance to enable the Government
of the People’s Republic of Mozambique to strengthen
its defence capability in order to safeguard effectively
its sovereignty and territorial integrity;

10. Requests ail States, regional organizations and
other appropriate intergovernmental organizations to
provide financial, technical and material assistance to
Mozambique in order to enable it to overcome the
severe economic Joss and destruction of property
brought about by the acts of aggression committed by
the illegal régime in Southern Rhodesia and to reinforce
Mozambique’s capacity to implement United Nations
decisions in support of measures against the illegal
régime;

11. Requests the United Nations and the organizations and programmes concerned, including the Economic and Social Council, the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, the World Food
Programme, the United Nations Children’s Fund, the
International Fund for Agricultural Development, the
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization, the United Nations Conference on Trade
and Development, the United Nations Development
Programme and the World Health Organization, to provide assistance to Mozambique on a priority basis in
implementation of the request contained in paragraph
10 of the present resolution;

12. Calls upon all States to implement strictly Security Council resolutions on sanctions and requests the
Security Council Committee established in pursuance of
resolution 253 (1968) concerning the question of
Southern Rhodesia to examine as a matter of priority
further effective measures to tighten the scope of sanctions in accordance with Article 41 of the Charter of the United Nations and urgently to submit its appropriate recommendations to the Council;

13. Requests the Secretary-General to co-ordinate the efforts of the United Nations system and to organize immediately an effective programme of international assistance to Mozambique in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs 10 and 11 of the present resolution;

14. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

Adopted unanimously at the 2019th meeting.

37 Frente de Libertação de Moçambique.
38 See Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-second
Year, 2014th meeting.
39 Ibid.. Thirty-second Year, Supplement for April, May and
June 1977, document S/12382.
40 Ibid., Supplement for July, August and September 1977,
document S/12344/Rey.1, annex V.

Security Council resolution 411 (1977) [on Southern Rhodesia's military activities against Mozambique]

Eastern Africa|Middle Africa|Southern Africa

Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|FOREIGN RELATIONS|SOUTHERN RHODESIA|SOUTH AFRICA|ARMED INCIDENTS|MILITARY ACTIVITY|MOZAMBIQUE|SOUTHERN RHODESIA|SANCTIONS|SOUTHERN RHODESIA|SOVEREIGNTY|AID PROGRAMMES|MOZAMBIQUE|NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENTS|ZIMBABWE|SOUTHERN RHODESIA QUESTION


Resolution 412 (1977)
of 7 July 1977

The Security Council,

Having examined the application of the Republic of
Djibouti 75 for admission to the United Nations,

Recommends to the General Assembly that the
Republic of Djibouti be admitted to membership in the
United Nations.

Adopted unanimously at the
2021st meeting.

75 Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-second Year, Supplement for July, August and September 1977, document S112357.

Security Council resolution 412 (1977) [on admission of Djibouti to membership in the United Nations]


Resolution 413 (1977)
of 20 July 1977

The Security Council,

Having examined the application of the Socialist
Republic of Viet Nam 77 for admission to the United
Nations,

Recommends to the General Assembly that the
Socialist Republic of Viet Nam be admitted to membership in the United Nations.

Adopted at the 2025th meeting by consensus.

Security Council resolution 413 (1977) [on admission of Viet Nam to membership in the United Nations]


Resolution 414 (1977)
of 15 September 1977

The Security Council,

Having considered the situation in Cyprus in response to the letter dated 26 August 1977 from the
Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United
Nations, 59

Mindful of the urgency of making progress in the
solution of the Cyprus problem,

Recalling its previous resolutions, in particular resolutions 365 (1974) of 13 December 1974 and 367
(1975) of 12 March 1975,

Taking note of the statements made to the Council
regarding recent developments in the new Famagusta
area to the effect that there is no settlement in progress
in the area,

Taking note also of the statements made by the
parties concerned as well as by the Secretary-General 60
with regard to these developments,

1. Expresses concern at the situation caused by recent developments;

2. Calls upon the parties concerned to refrain therefore from all unilateral actions anywhere in Cyprus
that may affect adversely the prospects for a just and
peaceful solution and urges them to continue and accelerate determined co-operative efforts to achieve the
objectives of the Security Council;

3. Reaffirms once again its resolution 365 (1974),
by which it endorsed General Assembly resolution
3212 (XXIX) adopted unanimously on | November
1974, and calls once again for the urgent and effective
implementation of those resolutions and of its resolution 367 (1975);

4. Expresses concern at the lack of progress at the
interccommunal talks;

5. Calls upon the representatives of the two communities to resume negotiations, under the auspices of
the Secretary-General, as soon as possible, meaningfully
and constructively, on the basis of comprehensive and
concrete proposals;

6. Requests the Secretary-General to keep the
Council informed of developments that may adversely
affect the implementation of the present resolution.

Adopted at the 2032nd meeting without a vote.

59 Ibid., document S/12387.

Security Council resolution 414 (1977) [calling for a resumption of negotiations on the Cyprus question]

INTERCOMMUNAL NEGOTIATIONS|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|CYPRUS QUESTION


Resolution 415 (1977)
of 29 September 1977

The Security Council,

Taking note of the letters dated 1 September 30 and
8 September 1977 31 from the Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the President of the Security Council,

Noting also the invitation to the Secretary-General,
in the letter dated 23 September 1977 32 from the
Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to
the President of the Security Council, to appoint a
representative,

Having heard the statement of Mr. Joshua Nkomo,
Co-leader of the Patriotic Front of Zimbabwe, 33

1. Requests the Secretary-General to appoint, in
consultation with the members of the Security Council,
a representative to enter into discussions with the
British Resident Commissioner designate and with all
the parties concerning the military and associated arrangements that are considered necessary to effect the
transition to majority rule in Southern Rhodesia;

2. Further requests the Secretary-General to transmit a report on the results of these discussions to the
Security-Council as soon as possible;

3. Calls upon all parties to co-operate with the representative of the Secretary-General in the conduct of
the discussions referred to in paragraph 1 of the present
resolution.

Adopted at the 2034th meeting by 13 votes to none, with
1 abstention (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). 34

30 Ibid., document S/12393.
31 Ibid., document S/12395.
32 Ibid., document S/ 12402.
33 Ibid., Thirty-second Year, 2033rd meeting.
34 One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 415 (1977) [on appointment of a representative of the Secretary-General on Southern Rhodesia]

Eastern Asia|Northern Europe|Sub-Saharan Africa


Resolution 416 (1977)
of 21 October 1977

The Security Council,

Recalling its resolutions 338 (1973) of 22 October,
340 (1973) of 25 October and 341 (1973) of 27
October 1973, 346 (1974) of 8 April and 362 (1974)
of 23 October 1974, 368 (1975) of 17 April, 371
(1975) of 24 July and 378 (1975) of 23 October
1975, and 396 (1976) of 22 October 1976,

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Emergency Force, 49

Having noted the developments in the situation in
the Middle East, 50

Recalling the Secretary-General’s view that any relaxation of the search for a comprehensive settlement
covering all aspects of the Middle East problem could
be dangerous and his hope that urgent efforts would
be undertaken by all concerned to tackle the Middle
East problem in all its aspects, with a view both to
maintaining quiet in the region and to arriving at the
comprehensive settlement called for by the Security
Council in its resolution 338 (1973),

Noting that the Secretary-General recommends the
extension of the mandate of the Force for one year,

1. Decides:

(a) To call upon all the parties concerned to implement immediately Security Council resolution 338
(1973);

(b) To renew the mandate of the United Nations
Emergency Force for a period of one year, that is,
until 24 October 1978;

(c) To request the Secretary-General to submit at
the end of this period a report on the developments
in the situation and on the steps taken to implement
resolution 338 (1973);

2. Expresses its confidence that the Force will be
maintained with maximum efficiency and economy.

Adopted at the 2035th meeting by 13 votes to none 51

49 Ibid., document S/12416.
50 Ibid., document S/12417.
51 Two members (China and Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) did
not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 416 (1977) [on renewal of the mandate of UNEF]

UN Emergency Force|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION


Resolution 417 (1977)
of 31 October 1977

The Security Council,

Recalling its resolution 392 (1976) of 19 June 1976,
strongly condemning the racist régime of South Africa
for its resort to massive violence against and wanton
killings of the African people, including schoolchildren
and students and others opposing racial discrimination,
and calling upon the South African racist régime
urgently to end violence against the African people and
to take urgent steps to eliminate apartheid and racial
discrimination,

Noting with deep anxiety and indignation that the
South African racist régime has continued violence and
massive repression against the black people and all
opponents of apartheid in defiance of the resolutions of
the Security Council,

Gravely concerned over reports of torture of political
prisoners and the deaths of a number of detainees, as
well as the mounting wave of repression against individuals, organizations and the news media since 19 October 1977,

Convinced that the violence and repression by the
South African racist régime have greatly aggravated the
situation in South Africa and will certainly lead to
violent conflict and racial conflagration with serious
international repercussions,

Reaffirming its recognition of the legitimacy of the
struggle of the South African people for the elimination
of apartheid and racial discrimination,

Affirming the right to the exercise of self-determination by all the people of South Africa as a whole, irrespective of race, colour or creed,

Mindful of its responsibilities under the Charter of
the United Nations for the maintenance of international
peace and security,

1. Strongly condemns the South African racist
régime for its resort to massive violence and repression
against the black people, who constitute the great majority of the country, as well as all other opponents of
apartheid;

2. Expresses its support for, and solidarity with, all
those struggling for the elimination of apartheid and
racial discrimination and all victims of violence and
repression by the South African racist régime;

3. Demands that the racist régime of South Africa:

(a) End violence and repression against the black
people and other opponents of apartheid;

(b) Release all persons imprisoned under arbitrary
security laws and all those detained for their opposition
to apartheid,

(c) Cease forthwith its indiscriminate violence
against peaceful demonstrators against apartheid, murders in detention and torture of political prisoners;

(d) Abrogate the bans on organizations and the
news media opposed to apartheid;

(e) Abolish the “Bantu education” system and all
other measures of apartheid and racial discrimination;

(f) Abolish the policy of bantustanization, abandon the policy of apartheid and ensure majority rule
based on justice and equality;

4. Requests all Governments and organizations to
take all appropriate measures to secure the implementation of paragraph 3 of the present resolution;

5. Further requests all Governments and organizations to contribute generously for assistance to the
victims of violence and repression, including educational assistance to student refugees from South Africa;

6. Requests the Secretary-General, in co-operation
with the Special Committee against Apartheid, to follow
the situation and report to the Security Council, as appropriate, on the implementation of the present resolution, and to submit a first report not later than 17 February 1978.

Adopted unanimously at the
2045th meeting.

Security Council resolution 417 (1977) [condemning the South African Government for its resort to massive violence and repression against the black people]

PROTEST MOVEMENTS|POLITICAL VIOLENCE|DETAINED PERSONS|POLITICAL PRISONERS|PRISONER TREATMENT|MASS MEDIA|SOUTH AFRICA|APARTHEID|SOUTH AFRICAN REFUGEES|BANTUSTANS|EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE|STUDENT REFUGEES|REFUGEE ASSISTANCE


Resolution 418 (1977)
of 4 November 1977

The Security Council,

Recalling its resolution 392 (1976) of 19 June 1976,
strongly condemning the South African Government for
its resort to massive violence against and killings of the
African people, including schoolchildren and students
and others opposing racial discrimination, and calling
upon that Government urgently to end violence against
the African people and to take urgent steps to eliminate
apartheid and racial discrimination,

Recognizing that the military build-up by South
Africa and its persistent acts of aggression against the
neighbouring States seriously disturb the security of
those States,

Further recognizing that the existing arms embargo
must be strengthened and universally applied, without
any reservations or qualifications whatsoever, in order
to prevent a further aggravation of the grave situation
in South Africa,

Taking note of the Lagos Declaration for Action
against Apartheid, 16

Gravely concerned that South Africa is at the threshold of producing nuclear weapons,

Strongly condemning the South African Government
for its acts of repression, its defiant continuance of the
system of apartheid and its attacks against neighbouring
independent States,

Considering that the policies and acts of the South
African Government are fraught with danger to international peace and security,

Recalling its resolution 181 (1963) of 7 August
1963 and other resolutions concerning a voluntary arms
embargo against South Africa,

Convinced that a mandatory arms embargo needs to
be universally applied against South Africa in the first
instance,

Acting therefore under Chapter VII of the Charter
of the United Nations,

1. Determines, having regard to the policies and
acts of the South African Government, that the acquisition by South Africa of arms and related matériel constitutes a threat to the maintenance of international
peace and security;

2. Decides that all States shall cease forthwith any
provision to South Africa of arms and related matériel
of all types, including the sale or transfer of weapons
and ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, para-military police equipment, and spare parts for the aforementioned, and shall cease as well the provision of all
types of equipment and supplies and grants of licensing
arrangements for the manufacture or maintenance of
the aforementioned;

3. Calls upon all States to review, having regard to
the objectives of the present resolution, all existing
contractual arrangements with and licences granted to
South Africa relating to the manufacture and maintenance of arms, ammunition of all types and military
equipment and vehicles, with a view to terminating
them;

4. Further decides that all States shall refrain from
any co-operation with South Africa in the manufacture
and development of nuclear weapons;

5. Calls upon all States, including States non-members of the United Nations, to act strictly in accordance
with the provisions of the present resolution;

6. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the
Security Council on the progress of the implementation
of the present resolution, the first report to be submitted
not later than 1 May 1978;

7. Decides to keep this item on its agenda for further action, as appropriate, in the light of developments.

Adopted unanimously at the
2046th meeting.

16 United Nations publication, Sales No. E.77.XTV.2, sect. X.

Security Council resolution 418 (1977) [on establishment of an arms embargo against South Africa]

Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|ARMS EMBARGO|APARTHEID|NUCLEAR WEAPONS|LICENCES|SOUTH AFRICA


Resolution 419 (1977)
of 24 November 1977

The Security Council,

Having heard the statement of the Permanent Representative of the People’s Republic of Benin to the
United Nations, 72 especially regarding the threats of
aggression by mercenaries,

Deeply concerned over the danger which international mercenaries represent for all States, in particular
the smaller ones,

Convinced of the necessity of co-operation between
all States, in conformity with paragraph 10 of resolution 405 (1977) of 14 April 1977, to collect more
information about the mercenaries who operated
against the People’s Republic of Benin on 16 January
1977,
1. Reaffirms its resolution 405 (1977), in which it
had, among other provisions, taken note of the report 70
of the Security Council Special Mission to the People’s
Republic of Benin established under resolution 404
(1977) of 8 February 1977 and strongly condemned
the act of armed aggression perpetrated against the
People’s Republic of Benin on 16 January 1977 and
all forms of external interference in the internal affairs of Member States, including the use of international mercenaries to destabilize States and/or to
violate their territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence;

2. Takes note of the report on the evaluation of
damages contained in document S/12415; 73

3. Calls upon all States to work in close co-operation in order to gather all useful information concerning all mercenaries involved in the events of 16
January 1977, in compliance with paragraph 10 of
resolution 405 (1977);

4. Takes note of the desire of the Government of
Benin to have the mercenaries who participated in the
attacking forces against the People’s Republic of Benin
on 16 January 1977 subjected to due process of law;

5. Appeals to all States and all appropriate international organizations, including the United Nations
and its specialized agencies, to assist Benin to repair
the damage caused by the act of aggression;

6. Requests the Secretary-General to provide all
necessary assistance to Benin for the implementation of
paragraph 5 of the present resolution;

7. Requests the Secretary-General to watch over
the implementation of the present resolution, with particular reference to paragraphs 3, 4, 5 and 6, and to
report to the Security Council not later than 30 September 1978;

8. Decides to remain seized of the matter.

Adopted at the 2049th meeting without a vote.

72 Ibid., Thirty-second Year, 2047th meeting.
73 Ibid., Thirty-second Year, Supplement for October, November and December 1977.

Security Council resolution 419 (1977) [on assistance to Benin to repair the damage caused by the aggression of 16 January 1977]

AID PROGRAMMES|SPECIAL MISSIONS|ARMED INCIDENTS|BENIN|MERCENARIES


Resolution 420 (1977)
of 30 November 1977

The Security Council,

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force, 45

Having noted the efforts made to establish a durable
and just peace in the Middle East area and the urgent
need to continue and intensify such efforts,

Expressing concern over the prevailing state of tension in the area,

Decides:

(a) To call upon the parties concerned to implement immediately Security Council resolution 338
(1973) of 22 October 1973;

(b) To renew the mandate of the United Nations
Disengagement Observer Force for another period of
six months, that is, until 31 May 1978;

(c) To request the Secretary-General to submit at
the end of this period a report on the developments in
the situation and the measures taken to implement
resolution 338 (1973).

Adopted at the 2051st meeting by 12 votes to none.46

45 Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-second
Year, Supplement for October, November and December 1977,
document S/12453.

Security Council resolution 420 (1977) [on renewal of the mandate of the UN Disengagement Observer Force]

UN Disengagement Observer Force|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION


Resolution 421 (1977)
of 9 December 1977

The Security Council,
Recalling its resolution 418 (1977) of 4 November
1977, in which it determined, having regard to the
policies and acts of the South African Government, that
the acquisition by South Africa of arms and related
matériel constituted a threat to the maintenance of
international peace and security and established a
mandatory arms embargo against South Africa,

Mindful of the need to have appropriate machinery
in order to examine the progress of implementation of
the measures envisaged in resolution 418 (1977),

Noting that it requested the Secretary-General to
report to the Council on the progress of the implementation of resolution 418 (1977),

1. Decides to establish, in accordance with rule 28
of its provisional rules of procedure, a Committee of
the Security Council, consisting of all the members of
the Council, to undertake the following tasks and to
report on its work to the Council with its observations
and recommendations:

(a) To examine the report on the progress of the
implementation of resolution 418 (1977) which will be
submitted by the Secretary-General;

(b) To study ways and means by which the mandatory arms embargo could be made more effective
against South Africa and to make recommendations to
the Council;

(c) To seek from all States further information
regarding the action taken by them concerning the
effective implementation of the provisions laid down in
resolution 418 (1977);

2. Calls upon all States to co-operate fully with the
Committee in regard to the fulfilment of its tasks concerning the effective implementation of the provisions
of resolution 418 (1977) and to supply such information as may be sought by the Committee in pursuance
of the present resolution;

3. Requests the Secretary-General to provide all
necessary assistance to the Committee and to make the
necessary arrangements in the Secretariat for that purpose, including the provision of appropriate staff for the
servicing of the Committee.

Adopted unanimously at the
2052nd meeting.

Security Council resolution 421 (1977) [on establishment of a Security Council Committee concerning the question of South Africa]

UN. SECURITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE ESTABLISHED BY RESOLUTION 421 (1977) CONCERNING THE QUESTION OF SOUTH AFRICA > ESTABLISHMENT.|ARMS EMBARGO|SOUTH AFRICA


Resolution 422 (1977)
of 15 December 1977

The Security Council,

Noting from the report of the Secretary-General of
1 December 1977 62 that in existing circumstances the
presence of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force
in Cyprus is essential not only to help maintain quiet
in the island but also to facilitate the continued search
for a peaceful settlement,

Noting from the report the conditions prevailing in
the island,

Noting also from the report that the freedom of
movement of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force
in Cyprus and its civil police is still restricted in the
north of the island, and expressing the hope that ways
will be found to surmount the remaining obstacles,

Noting further that the Secretary-General expressed
the view that the best hope of achieving a just and
lasting settlement of the Cyprus problem lies in negotiations between the representatives of the two communities and that the usefulness of those negotiations
depends upon the willingness of all parties concerned
to show the necessary flexibility, taking into account
not only their own interests but also the legitimate
aspirations and requirements of the opposing side,

Noting that, owing to the efforts of the Secretary-General, his staff and the United Nations Peace-keeping
Force, and with the co-operation of the parties, there
has been a relative improvement in the security situation, but that this evolution has yet to relieve the underlying tensions in the island,

Noting also the report of the Secretary-General of
30 April 1977 63 concerning the high-level meeting under the auspices of the Secretary-General, and emphasizing the need to adhere to the agreement reached at
this meeting as well as to the agreements reached at
the previous rounds of the talks,

Noting further the concurrence of the parties concerned in the recommendation by the Secretary-General
that the Security Council extend the stationing of the
United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus for a
further period of six months,

Noting that the Government of Cyprus has agreed
that, in view of the prevailing conditions in the island,
it is necessary to keep the Force in Cyprus beyond
15 December 1977,

1. Reaffirms the provisions of resolution 186 (1964)
of 4 March 1964, as well as subsequent resolutions
and decisions on the establishment and maintenance
of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus
and other aspects of the situation in Cyprus;

2. Reaffirms once again its resolution 365 (1974)
of 13 December 1974, by which it endorsed General
Assembly resolution 3212 (XXIX) adopted unanimously on 1 November 1974, and calls once again for
the urgent and effective implementation of those resolutions and of its resolution 367 (1975) of 12 March
1975;

3. Urges the parties concerned to act with the utmost restraint by refraining from any unilateral or
other action likely to affect adversely the prospects of
negotiations for a just and peaceful solution and to
continue and accelerate determined co-operative efforts
to achieve the objectives of the Security Council;

4. Extends once more the stationing in Cyprus of
the United Nations Peace-keeping Force, established
under Security Council resolution 186 (1964), for a
further period ending 15 June 1978, in the expectation
that by then sufficient progress towards a final solution
will make possible a withdrawal or substantial reduction of the Force;

5, Appeals again to all parties concerned to extend
their fullest co-operation so as to enable the United
Nations Peace-keeping Force to perform its duties
effectively;

6. Requests the Secretary-General to continue the
mission of good offices entrusted to him by paragraph 6
of resolution 367 (1975), to keep the Security Council
informed of the progress made and to submit a report
on the implementation of the present resolution by 31
May 1978.

Adopted at the 2054th meeting by 14 votes to none 64

62 Ibid., document S/12463.
63 Ibid., Supplement for April, May and June 1977, document S/12323.
64 One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 422 (1977) [on extension of the stationing in Cyprus of the UN Peace-keeping Force]


Resolution 423 (1978)
of 14 March 1978
The Security Council,

Recalling its resolutions on the question of Southern Rhodesia and in particular resolution 415 (1977)
of 29 September 1977,

Reaffirming that the continued existence of the
illegal régime in Southern Rhodesia is a source of
insecurity and instability in the region and constitutes
a serious threat to international peace and security,

Gravely concerned over the continued military
operations by the illegal régime, including its acts
of aggression against neighbouring independent
States,

Indignant at the continued executions of freedom
fighters by the illegal régime,

Considering the need for urgent measures to terminate the illegal régime and establish a government
based on majority rule,

1. Condemns ail attempts and manoeuvres by the
illegal régime in Southern Rhodesia aimed at the retention of power by a racist minority and at preventing
the achievement of independence by Zimbabwe;

2. Declares illegal and unacceptable any internal
settlement concluded under the auspices of the illegal
régime and calls upon all States not to accord any
recognition to such a settlement;

3. Further declares that the speedy termination
of the illegal régime and the replacement of its military and police forces constitute the first prerequisite
for the restoration of legality in Southern Rhodesia
so that arrangements may be made for a peaceful
and democratic transition to genuine majority rule
and independence in 1978;

4. Declares also that such arrangements as envisaged in paragraph 3 of the present resolution include the holding of free and fair elections on the
basis of universal adult suffrage under United Nations
supervision;

5. Calls upon the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland to take all measures necessary
to bring to an end the illegal racist minority régime
in Southern Rhodesia and to effect the genuine decolonization of the Territory in accordance with
General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 and other United Nations resolutions;

6. Considers that, with the assistance of the
Secretary-General, the United Kingdom, as the administering Power, should enter into immediate consultations with the parties concerned in order to attain
the objectives of genuine decolonization of the Territory through the implementation of paragraphs 3, 4
and 5 of the present resolution;

7. Requests the Secretary-General to report, not
later than 15 April 1978, on the results of the implementation of the present resolution.

Adopted at the 2067th meeting by 10 votes to none,
with 5 abstentions (Canada,
France, Germany, Federal
Republic of, United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland, United
States of America).

Security Council resolution 423 (1978) [declaring illegal any internal settlement of the Southern Rhodesia question]

Northern America|Northern Europe|Sub-Saharan Africa|Western Europe

UNITED KINGDOM|ELECTIONS|SOUTHERN RHODESIA|SOUTHERN RHODESIA QUESTION


Resolution 424 (1978)
of 17 March 1978

The Security Council,

Taking note of the letter from the representative
of the Republic of Zambia contained in document
S/12589, 14

Having considered the statement of the Minister for
Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Zambia, 16
Gravely concerned at the numerous hostile and
unprovoked acts of aggression by the illegal minority
régime in Southern Rhodesia violating the sovereignty,
air space and territorial integrity of the Republic of
Zambia, resulting in the death and injury of innocent
people, as well as the destruction of property, and
culminating on 6 March 1978 in the armed invasion
of Zambia,

Reaffirming the inalienable right of the people of
Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) to self-determination
and independence in accordance with General Assembly
resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, and the
legitimacy of their struggle to secure the enjoyment
of such rights as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations,

Recalling its resolution 423 (1978) of 14 March
1978, in which, inter alia, it declared as illegal and unacceptable any internal settlement concluded under the
auspices of the illegal régime and called upon all
States not to accord any recognition to such a settlement,

Further recalling its resolutions 326 (1973) of
2 February 1973, 403 (1977) of 14 January, 406
(1977) of 25 May and 411 (1977) of 30 June 1977,
in which it condemned the illegal régime in Southern
Rhodesia for its acts of aggression against Zambia,
Botswana and Mozambique,

Conscious that the liberation of Zimbabwe and
Namibia and the elimination of apartheid in South
Africa are necessary for the attainment of justice and
lasting peace in the region and in the furtherance of
international peace and security,

Reaffirming that the existence of the minority racist
régime in Southern Rhodesia and the continuance of
its acts of aggression against Zambia and other neighbouring States constitute a threat to international peace
and security,

Conscious of the need to take effective steps for the
prevention and removal of threats to international peace
and security,

1. Strongly condemns the recent armed invasion
perpetrated by the illegal racist minority régime in the
British colony of Southern Rhodesia against the Republic of Zambia, which constitutes a flagrant violation of
the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Zambia;

2. Commends the Republic of Zambia and other
front-line States for their continued support of the
people of Zimbabwe in their just and legitimate struggle
for the attainment of freedom and independence and
for their scrupulous restraint in the face of provocations
by the Rhodesian rebels;

3. Reaffirms that the liberation of Namibia and
Zimbabwe and the elimination of apartheid in South
Africa are necessary for the attainment of justice and
lasting peace in the region;

4. Calls upon the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, as the
administering Power, to take prompt effective measures
to bring to a speedy end the existence of the illegal
racist minority régime in the rebel colony of Southern
Rhodesia, thereby ensuring the speedy attainment of
independence under genuine majority rule and thus
contributing to the promotion of durable peace and
security in the region;

5. Decides that, in the event of further acts of
violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of
Zambia by the illegal racist minority régime in Southern
Rhodesia, the Security Council will meet again to consider the adoption of more effective measures, in accordance with the appropriate provisions of the Charter
of the United Nations, including Chapter VII thereof.

Adopted unanimously at the
2070th meeting

14 See Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-third Year, Supplement for January, February and March 1978.
16 Ibid., Thirty-third Year, 2068th meeting.

Security Council resolution 424 (1978) [on Southern Rhodesia's armed invasion of Zambia]

Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|ARMED INCIDENTS|MILITARY ACTIVITY|ZAMBIA|SOUTHERN RHODESIA|SOVEREIGNTY|ZAMBIA|NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENTS|ZIMBABWE|SOUTHERN RHODESIA QUESTION|NAMIBIA QUESTION|FRONT-LINE STATES


Resolution 425 (1978)
of 19 March 1978
The Security Council,

Taking note of the letters from the Permanent
Representative of Lebanon 19 and from the Permanent
Representative of Israel, 20

Having heard the statements of the Permanent
Representatives of Lebanon and Israel,21

Gravely concerned at the deterioration of the situation in the Middle East and its consequences to the
maintenance of international peace,

Convinced that the present situation impedes the
achievement of a just peace in the Middle East,

1. Calls for strict respect for the territorial integrity,
sovereignty and political independence of Lebanon
within its internationally recognized boundaries;

2. Calls upon Israel immediately to cease its military action against Lebanese territorial integrity and
withdraw forthwith its forces from all Lebanese territory;

3. Decides, in the light of the request of the Government of Lebanon, to establish immediately under
its authority a United Nations interim force for Southern Lebanon for the purpose of confirming the withdrawal of Israeli forces, restoring international peace
and security and assisting the Government of Lebanon
in ensuring the return of its effective authority in the
area, the force to be composed of personnel drawn
from Member States;

4. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the
Council within twenty-four hours on the implementation of the present resolution.

Adopted at the 2074th meeting by 12 votes to none,
with 2 abstentions (Czechoslovakia, Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics). 22

19 Ibid., documents S/12600 and S/12606.
20 Ibid., document S/12607.
21 Ibid., Thirty-third Year, 2071st meeting.
22 One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 425 (1978) [on establishment of a UN interim force for Southern Lebanon]

UN INTERIM FORCE IN LEBANON > ESTABLISHMENT.|MILITARY ACTIVITY|TROOP WITHDRAWAL|ISRAEL|LEBANON|BOUNDARIES|SOVEREIGNTY|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|LEBANON|ESTABLISHMENT|LEBANON SITUATION|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION


Resolution 426 (1978)
of 19 March 1978

The Security Council

1. Approves the report of the Secretary-General
on the implementation of Security Council resolution 425 (1978), contained in document S$/12611
of 19 March 1978; 23

2. Decides that the United Nations Interim Force
in Lebanon shall be established in accordance with
the above-mentioned report for an initial period of six
months, and that it shall continue in operation thereafter, if required, provided the Security Council so
decides.

Adopted at the 2075th meeting by 12 votes to none,
with 2 abstentions (Czechoslovakia, Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics). 24

23 See Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-third
Year, Supplement for January, February and March 1978.

24 One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 426 (1978) [on establishment of the UN Interim Force in Lebanon]

UN INTERIM FORCE IN LEBANON > ESTABLISHMENT.|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|ESTABLISHMENT|LEBANON|LEBANON SITUATION|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION


Resolution 427 (1978)
of 3 May 1978
The Security Council,

Having considered the letter dated 1 May 1978 from
the Secretary-General to the President of the Security
Council, 26

Recalling its resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978)
of 19 March 1978,

1. Approves the increase in the strength of the
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon requested
by the Secretary-General from 4,000 to approximately
6,000 troops;

2. Takes note of the withdrawal of Israeli forces
that has taken place so far;

3. Calls upon Israel to complete its withdrawal
from all Lebanese territory without any further delay;

4. Deplores the attacks on the United Nations
Force that have occurred and demands full respect
for the United Nations Force from all parties in
Lebanon.

Adopted at the 2076th meeting by 12 votes to none,
with 2 abstentions (Czechoslovakia, Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics). 27

26 Ibid., document S/12675.
27 One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 427 (1978) [on strengthening of the UN Interim Force in Lebanon and withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanon]

UN Interim Force in Lebanon|TROOP WITHDRAWAL|ISRAEL|LEBANON|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|LEBANON|LEBANON SITUATION|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION


Resolution 428 (1978)
of 6 May 1978

The Security Council,

Having considered the letter dated 5 May 1978 from
the Permanent Representative of Angola transmitting
a communication from the First Vice-Prime Minister
of the People’s Republic of Angola 43 and the letter
dated 5 May 1978 from the Permanent Representative
of Zambia on behalf of the Group of African States
at the United Nations, 44

Having heard the statement of the Permanent Representative of Angola, 45

Having heard the statement of Mr. Sam Nujoma,
President of the South West Africa People’s Organization, 45

Bearing in mind that all Member States are obliged
to refrain in their international relations from the threat
or use of force against the sovereignty, territorial
integrity or political independence of any State and
from acting in any other manner inconsistent with the
principles and purposes of the Charter of the United
Nations,

Recalling its resolution 387 (1976) of 31 March
1976 in which, inter alia, it condemned South Africa’s
aggression against the People’s Republic of Angola and
demanded that South Africa scrupulously respect the
independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of
the People’s Republic of Angola,

Gravely concerned at the armed invasions committed
by South Africa in violation of the sovereignty, air
space and territorial integrity of the People’s Republic
of Angola and in particular the armed invasion of
Angola carried out on 4 May 1978,

Grieved at the tragic loss of human lives, including
those of Namibian refugees in Angola, caused by the
South African invasion of Angolan territory,

Concerned also at the damage and destruction done
by the South African forces in Angola,

Reaffirming the inalienable right of the people of Namibia to self-determination and independence in accordance with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV)
of 14 December 1960 and the legitimacy of their
struggle to secure the enjoyment of such rights as set
forth in the Charter,

Reaffirming that the liberation of Namibia is one
of the prerequisites for the attainment of justice and
lasting peace in southern Africa and for the furtherance of international peace and security,

Reiterating its grave concern at South Africa’s brutal
repression of the Namibian people and its persistent
violation of their human rights as well as its efforts to
destroy the national unity and territorial integrity of
Namibia and its aggressive military build-up in the area,

Reaffirming its condemnation of the militarization
of Namibia by the illegal occupation régime of South
Africa,

1. Strongly condemns the latest armed invasion
perpetrated by the South African racist régime against
the People’s Republic of Angola, which constitutes a
flagrant violation of the sovereignty and territorial
integrity of Angola;

2. Condemns equally strongly South Africa’s utilization of the international Territory of Namibia as a
springboard for armed invasions of the People’s Republic of Angola;

3. Demands the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of all South African forces from Angola;

4. Further demands that South Africa scrupulously
respect the independence, sovereignty and territorial
integrity of the People’s Republic of Angola;

5. Reaffirms its support for the just and legitimate
struggle of the people of Namibia for the attainment
of their freedom and independence and for the maintenance of the territorial integrity of their country;

6. Commends the People’s Republic of Angola for
its continued support of the people of Namibia in their
just and legitimate struggle;

7. Demands that South Africa put an end to its
illegal occupation of Namibia without any further delay,
in compliance with relevant Security Council resolutions, in particular resolution 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976;

8. Decides to meet again in the event of further
acts of violation of the sovereignty and territorial
integrity of the People’s Republic of Angola by the
South African racist régime in order to consider the
adoption of more effective measures, in accordance
with the appropriate provisions of the Charter of the
United Nations, including Chapter VII thereof.

Adopted unanimously at the
2078th meeting.

43 Ibid,, document S/12690.
44 Ibid,, document S/12693.
45 [bid., Thirty-third Year, 2077th meeting.

Security Council resolution 428 (1978) [on South African military activities against Angola]

Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|MILITARY ACTIVITY|TROOP WITHDRAWAL|ANGOLA|SOUTH AFRICA|SOVEREIGNTY|ANGOLA|NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENTS|NAMIBIA|NAMIBIA QUESTION|ANGOLA SITUATION


Resolution 429 (1978)
of 31 May 1978

The Security Council,

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Disengagement Observer
Force, 29

Having noted the efforts made to establish a durable
and just peace in the Middle East area and the urgent
need to continue and intensify such efforts,

Expressing concern over the prevailing state of tension in the area,

Decides:

(a) To call upon the parties concerned to implement immediately Security Council resolution 338
(1973) of 22 October 1973;

(b) To renew the mandate of the United Nations
Disengagement Observer Force for another period of
six months, that is, until 30 November 1978;

(c) To request the Secretary-General to submit
at the end of this period a report on the developments
in the situation and on the measures taken to implement
resolution 338 (1973).

Adopted at the 2079th meeting by 14 votes to none. 30

29 Ibid., document S/12710.
30 One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 429 (1978) [on renewal of the mandate of the UN Disengagement Observer Force]

UN Disengagement Observer Force|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|MIDDLE EAST|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION


Resolution 430 (1978)
of 16 June 1978

The Security Council,

Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General
on the United Nations operation in Cyprus dated
31 May 1978, 48

Noting the concurrence of the parties concerned in
the recommendation by the Secretary-General that the
Security Council extend the stationing of the United
Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus for a further
period of six months,

Noting also that the Government of Cyprus has
agreed that in view of the prevailing conditions in the
island it is necessary to keep the Force in Cyprus
beyond 15 June 1978,

Reaffirming the provisions of its resolution 186
(1964) of 4 March 1964 and other relevant resolutions,

1. Extends once more the stationing in Cyprus of
the United Nations Peace-keeping Force established
under resolution 186 (1964) for a further period
ending 15 December 1978;

2. Requests the Secretary-General to continue his
mission of good offices, to keep the Security Council
informed of the progress made and to submit a report
on the implementation of the present resolution by
30 November 1978.

Adopted at the 2080th meeting by 14 votes to none. 49

48 Ibid., document S/12723.
49 One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 430 (1978) [on extension of the stationing in Cyprus of the UN Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus]

UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus|UN. Secretary-General|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|CYPRUS|GOOD OFFICES|CYPRUS QUESTION


Resolution 431 (1978)
of 27 July 1978

The Security Council,

Recalling its resolution 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976,

Taking note of the proposal for a settlement of the
Namibian situation contained in document S/12636
of 10 April 1978, 57

1. Requests the Secretary-General to appoint a
Special Representative for Namibia in order to ensure
the early independence of Namibia through free elections under the supervision and control of the United
Nations;

2. Further requests the Secretary-General to submit at the earliest possible date a report containing his
recommendations for the implementation of the proposal for a settlement of the Namibian situation in accordance with Security Council resolution 385 (1976);

3. Urges all concerned to exert their best efforts
towards the achievement of independence by Namibia
at the earliest possible date.

Adopted at the 2082nd meeting by 13 votes to none,
with 2 abstentions (Czechoslovakia, Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics).

57 Ibid., Supplement for April, May and June 1978.

Security Council resolution 431 (1978) [requesting the Secretary-General to appoint a Special Representative for Namibia]

UN. Special Representative for Namibia|ELECTIONS|NAMIBIA|NAMIBIA QUESTION|DISPUTE SETTLEMENT


Resolution 432 (1978)
of 27 July 1978

The Security Council,

Recalling its resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January
1976 and 431 (1978) of 27 July 1978,

Reaffirming in particular the provisions of resolution 385 (1976) relating to the territorial integrity
and unity of Namibia,

Taking note of paragraph 7 of General Assembly
resolution 32/9 D of 4 November 1977, in which the
Assembly declares that Walvis Bay is an integral part
of Namibia,

1. Declares that the territorial integrity and unity
of Namibia must be assured through the reintegration
of Walvis Bay within its territory;

2. Decides to lend its full support to the initiation
of steps necessary to ensure early reintegration of
Walvis Bay into Namibia;

3. Declares that, pending the attainment of this
objective, South Africa must not use Walvis Bay in
any manner prejudicial to the independence of Namibia
or the viability of its economy;

4. Decides to remain seized of the matter until
Walvis Bay is fully reintegrated into Namibia.

Adopted unanimously at the
2082nd meeting.

Security Council resolution 432 (1978) [on territorial integrity of Namibia and reintegration of Walvis Bay into Namibia]

POLITICAL STATUS|WALVIS BAY (NAMIBIA)|NATIONAL TERRITORY|NAMIBIA|NAMIBIA QUESTION


Resolution 433 (1978)
of 17 August 1978

The Security Council,

Having examined the application of Solomon Islands 75 for admission to the United Nations,

Recommends to the General Assembly that Solomon
Islands be admitted to membership in the United
Nations.

Adopted unanimously at the
2084th meeting.

75 Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-third Year, Supplement for July, August and September 1978, document S/12801.

Security Council resolution 433 (1978) [on admission of Solomon Islands to membership in the United Nations]


Resolution 434 (1973)
of 18 September 1978

The Security Council,

Recalling its resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978)
of 19 March and 427 (1978) of 3 May 1978,

Recalling in particular that, in its resolution 425
(1978), the Council called for strict respect for the
territorial integrity, sovereignty and political independence of Lebanon within its internationally recognized
boundaries,

Gravely concerned at the serious conditions in Lebanon, which continue to endanger the achievement of
a just and lasting solution of the Middle East question,

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General dated 13 September 1978*? on the implementation of the above-mentioned resolutions,

Commending the outstanding performance of the
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon in seeking
to carry out its mandate as established in resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978),

Deeply grieved at the loss of life suffered by the
Force,

Conscious of the progress already achieved by the
Force towards the establishment of peace and security
in Southern Lebanon,

Noting with concern that the Force has encountered
obstacles in deploying freely throughout its area of
operation and that it has not been possible as yet for
the Lebanese Government fully to restore its authority
over all its territory in accordance with resolution
425 (1978),

Supporting the efforts of the Secretary-General and
taking into account the observations in his report
describing the problems encountered by the Force in
carrying out its mandate,
Determined to secure urgently the total fulfilment of
the mandate and objectives of the Force in accordance
with resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978),

Acting in response to the request of the Lebanese
Government,

1. Decides to renew the mandate of the United
Nations Interim Force in Lebanon for a period of four
months, that is, until 19 January 1979;

2. Calls upon Israel, Lebanon and all others concerned to co-operate fully and urgently with the United
Nations in the implementation of Security Council
resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978);

3. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the
Security Council in two months on the implementation
of the present resolution in order to allow it to assess
the situation and to examine what further measures
should be taken, and to report again at the end of the
four-month period.

Adopted at the 2085th meeting by 12 votes to none,
with 2 abstentions (Czechoslovakia, Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics). 33

33.One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 434 (1978) [on renewal of the mandate of the UN Interim Force in Lebanon]

UN Interim Force in Lebanon|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|LEBANON|LEBANON SITUATION|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION


Resolution 435 (1978)
of 29 September 1978

The Security Council,

Recalling its resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976 and 431 (1978) and 432 (1978) of 27 July
1978,

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to paragraph 2 of resolution 431 (1978) 61 and his explanatory statement made
in the Security Council on 29 September 1978 (S/
12869), 62

Taking note of the relevant communications from
the Government of South Africa to the Secretary-General,

Taking note also of the letter dated 8 September
1978 from the President of the South West Africa
People’s Organization to the Secretary-General, 63

Reaffirming the legal responsibility of the United
Nations over Namibia,

1. Approves the report of the Secretary-General
on the implementation of the proposal for a settlement
of the Namibian situation 64 and his explanatory statement;

2. Reiterates that its objective is the withdrawal
of South Africa’s illegal administration from Namibia
and the transfer of power to the people of Namibia
with the assistance of the United Nations in accordance
with Security Council resolution 385 (1976);

3. Decides to establish under its authority a United
Nations Transition Assistance Group in accordance
with the above-mentioned report of the Secretary-General for a period of up to 12 months in order to
assist his Special Representative to carry out the mandate conferred upon him by the Security Council in
paragraph 1 of its resolution 431 (1978), namely, to
ensure the early independence of Namibia through
free elections under the supervision and control of the
United Nations;

4. Welcomes the preparedness of the South West
Africa People’s Organization to co-operate in the implementation of the Secretary-General’s report, including its expressed readiness to sign and observe the
cease-fire provisions as manifested in the letter from
its President of 8 September 1978;

5. Calls upon South Africa forthwith to co-operate
with the Secretary-General in the implementation of
the present resolution;

6. Declares that all unilateral measures taken by
the illegal administration in Namibia in relation to the
electoral process, including unilateral registration of
voters, or transfer of power, in contravention of resolutions 385 (1976), 431 (1978) and the present
resolution, are null and void;

7. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the
Security Council not later than 23 October 1978 on
the implementation of the present resolution.

Adopted at the 2087th meeting by 12 votes to none,
with 2 abstentions (Czechoslovakia, Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics). 65

61 Ibid., document S/12827.
62 Ibid., Thirty-third Year, 2087th meeting, paras. 11-22.
63 Ibid., Supplement for July, August and September 1978,
document S/12841.
64 Ibid., Supplement for April, May and June 1978, document S/12636.
65 One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 435 (1978) [on establishment of the UN Transition Assistance Group for Namibia]

UN TRANSITION ASSISTANCE GROUP > ESTABLISHMENT.|SWAPO|UN. Special Representative for Namibia|ELECTIONS|CEASEFIRES|ELECTION VERIFICATION|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|NAMIBIA|NAMIBIA QUESTION


Resolution 436 (1978)
of 6 October 1978

The Security Council,

Noting with grave concern the deteriorating situation
in Beirut and its surroundings,

Deeply grieved at the consequent loss of life, human
suffering and physical destruction,

Noting the appeal made on 4 October 1978 by the
President of the Security Council and the Secretary-General,

1. Calls upon all those involved in hostilities in
Lebanon to put an end to acts of violence and observe
scrupulously an immediate and effective cease-fire and
cessation of hostilities so that internal peace and national reconciliation may be restored based on the
preservation of Lebanese unity, territorial integrity,
independence and national sovereignty;

2. Calls upon all involved to allow units of the
International Committee of the Red Cross into the
area of conflict to evacuate the wounded and provide
humanitarian assistance;

3. Supports the Secretary-General in his efforts
and requests him to continue these efforts to bring
about a durable cease-fire and to keep the Security
Council informed on the implementation of the cease-fire.

Adopted unanimously at the
2089th meeting

Security Council resolution 436 (1978) [on a cease-fire in Lebanon]

International Committee of the Red Cross|CEASEFIRES|SOVEREIGNTY|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|LEBANON|LEBANON SITUATION|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION


Resolution 437 (1978)
of 10 October 1978

The Security Council,

Having considered the letter dated 6 October 1978
from the Chairman of the Security Council Committee
established in pursuance of resolution 253 (1968)
concerning the question of Southern Rhodesia, 10

Recalling its resolution 253 (1968) of 29 May 1968,
by which it made it mandatory for Member States to
prevent the entry into their territories of persons ordinarily resident in Southern Rhodesia and connected
with the illegal régime there,

Taking note of the statement of the African Group, 11

Taking note also of the statement of the Government of the United States of America, 12

1. Notes with regret and concern the decision of
the Government of the United States of America to
allow the entry into the United States of Ian Smith and
some members of the illegal régime in Southern Rhodesia;

2. Considers that the above-mentioned decision is
in contravention of Security Council resolution 253
(1968) and of the obligations under Article 25 of the
Charter of the United Nations;

3. Calls upon the United States of America to
observe scrupulously the provisions of Security Council
resolutions concerning sanctions;

4. Expresses the hope that the United States of
America will continue to exert its influence in order
that genuine majority rule may be achieved without
further delay in Southern Rhodesia.

Adopted at the 2090th meeting by 11 votes to none,
with 4 abstentions (Canada,
Germany, Federal Republic
of, United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, United States of
America).

10 Ibid., document S/12885.
11 Ibid., document S/12885, annex II.
12 Ibid., annex I.

Security Council resolution 437 (1978) [on observation of sanctions against Southern Rhodesia]

Northern America|Northern Europe|Western Europe

Smith, Ian.|FOREIGN RELATIONS|SOUTHERN RHODESIA|UNITED STATES|SANCTIONS|SOUTHERN RHODESIA|SOUTHERN RHODESIA QUESTION


Resolution 438 (1978)
of 23 October 1978

The Security Council,

Recalling its resolutions 338 (1973) of 22 October,
340 (1973) of 25 October and 341 (1973) of 27
October 1973, 346 (1974) of 8 April and 362 (1974)
of 23 October 1974, 368 (1975) of 17 April, 371
(1975) of 24 July and 378 (1975) of 23 October
1975, 396 (1976) of 22 October 1976 and 416 (1977)
of 21 October 1977,

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Emergency Force, 35

Recalling the Secretary-General’s view that the situation in the Middle East as a whole continues to be
unstable and potentially dangerous and is likely to
remain so unless and until a comprehensive settlement
covering all aspects of the Middle East problem can
be reached, and his hope that urgent efforts will be
pursued by all concerned to tackle the problem in all
its aspects, with a view both to maintaining quiet in
the region and to arriving at a just and durable peace
settlement, as called for by the Security Council in its
resolution 338 (1973),

1. Decides to renew the mandate of the United
Nations Emergency Force for a period of nine months,
that is, until 24 July 1979;

2. Requests the Secretary-General to submit at the
end of this period a report on the developments in the
situation and on the steps taken to implement Security
Council resolution 338 (1973);

3. Expresses its confidence that the Force will be
maintained with maximum efficiency and economy.

Adopted at the 2091st meeting by 12 votes to none,
with 2 abstentions (Czechoslovakia, Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics). 36

35 Ibid., document S/12897.
36 One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 438 (1978) [on renewal of the mandate of UNEF]

UN Emergency Force|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|MIDDLE EAST|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION


Resolution 439 (1978)
of 13 November 1978
The Security Council,

Recalling its resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976, 431 (1978) and 432 (1978) of 27 July
and 435 (1978) of 29 September 1978,

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to paragraph 7 of resolution 435 (1978), 68

Taking note of the relevant communications addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of
the Security Council, 69

Having heard and considered the statement of the
President of the United Nations Council for Namibia, 70

Taking note also of the communication dated 23 October 1978 from the President of the South West Africa People’s Organization to the Secretary-General, 71

Reaffirming the legal responsibility of the United
Nations over Namibia and its continued commitment
to the implementation of resolution 385 (1976), in
particular the holding of free elections in Namibia
under United Nations supervision and control,

Reiterating the view that any unilateral measure
taken by the illegal administration in Namibia in
relation to the electoral process, including unilateral
registration of voters, or transfer of power, in contravention of the above-mentioned resolutions and the
present resolution, is null and void,

Gravely concerned at the decision of the Government of South Africa to proceed with unilateral elections in Namibia in clear contravention of resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978),

1. Condemns the decision of the South African
Government to proceed unilaterally with the holding
of elections in the Territory from 4 to 8 December
1978 in contravention of Security Council resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978);

2. Considers that this decision constitutes a clear
defiance of the United Nations and, in particular, the
authority of the Security Council;

3. Declares those elections and their results null
and void and states that no recognition will be accorded either by the United Nations or any Member
States to any representatives or organ established by
that process;

4. Calls upon South Africa immediately to cancel
the elections it has planned in Namibia in December
1978;

5. Demands once again that South Africa co-operate with the Security Council and the Secretary-General in the implementation of resolutions 385
(1976), 431 (1978) and 435 (1978);

6. Warns South Africa that its failure to do so
would compel the Security Council to meet forthwith
to initiate appropriate actions under the Charter of
the United Nations, including Chapter VII thereof, so
as to ensure South Africa’s compliance with the aforementioned resolutions;

7. Calls upon the Secretary-General to report on
the progress of the implementation of the present resolution by 25 November 1978.

Adopted at the 2098th meeting by 10 votes to none,
with 5 abstentions (Canada,
France, Germany, Federal
Republic of, United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland, United
States of America).

68 Ibid., document S/12903.
69 Ibid., documents S/12900 and S/12902.
70 Ibid., Thirty-third Year, 2092nd meeting.
71 Ibid., Supplement for October, November and December
1978, document S/12913.

Security Council resolution 439 (1978) [on elections in Namibia]

Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|SOUTH AFRICA|ELECTIONS|NAMIBIA|NAMIBIA QUESTION


Resolution 440 (1978)
of 27 November 1978

The Security Council,

Having considered the situation in Cyprus in response to the letter dated 7 November 1978 from the
Permanent Representative of Cyprus, 51

Deeply concerned at the lack of progress in the
solution of the Cyprus problem,

Taking note of the relevant General Assembly resolutions concerning Cyprus,

Mindful of the urgency of solving the Cyprus problem without further delay,

1. Reaffirms its resolutions 365 (1974) of 13 December 1974, 367 (1975) of 12 March 1975 and
subsequent resolutions, including resolution 410 (1977)
of 15 June 1977;

2. Calls upon the parties concerned to comply with
and co-operate in the implementation of those resolutions within a specific time-frame;

3. Urges the representatives of the two communities to resume negotiations, under the auspices of the
Secretary-General, on an agreed basis, bearing in mind
the aforementioned resolutions;

4. Requests the Secretary-General to report on the
efforts made with regard to the negotiations referred
to in paragraph 3 of the present resolution and on
the progress towards the implementation of its resolutions by 30 May 1979 or earlier if developments
should warrant it;

5. Decides to remain seized of the matter and to
review the situation in June 1979 in order to continue
to promote a just solution to the Cyprus problem.

Adopted at the 2100th meeting by consensus.

51 Ibid, document S/12918.

Security Council resolution 440 (1978) [urging the two communities in Cyprus to resume negotiations]


Resolution 441 (1978)
of 30 November 1978

The Security Council,

Having considered the report of the SecretaryGeneral on the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force, 38

Decides:

(a) To call upon the parties concerned to implement immediately Security Council resolution 338
(1973) of 22 October 1973;

(b) To renew the mandate of the United Nations
Disengagement Observer Force for another period of
six months, that is, until 31 May 1979;

(c) To request the Secretary-General to submit at
the end of this period a report on the developments in
the situation and the measures taken to implement
resolution 338 (1973).

Adopted at the 2101st meeting by 14 votes to none. 39

38 Ibid., document S/12934.
39 One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 441 (1978) [on renewal of the mandate of the UN Disengagement Observer Force]


Resolution 442 (1978)
of 6 December 1978

The Security Council,

Having examined the application of the Commonwealth of Dominica 77 for admission to the United
Nations,

Recommends to the General Assembly that the
Commonwealth of Dominica be admitted to membership in the United Nations.

Adopted unanimously at the
2105th meeting.

77 Ibid., Supplement for October, November and December 1978, document S/12942.

Security Council resolution 442 (1978) [on admission of Dominica to membership in the United Nations]


Resolution 443 (1978)
of 14 December 1978

The Security Council,

Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General
on the United Nations operation in Cyprus dated
1 December 1978, 53

Noting the concurrence of the parties concerned in
the recommendation by the Secretary-General that the
Security Council extend the stationing of the United
Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus for a further
period of six months,

Noting also that the Government of Cyprus has
agreed that in view of the prevailing conditions in the
island it is necessary to keep the Force in Cyprus
beyond 15 December 1978,

Reaffirming the provisions of its resolution 186
(1964) of 4 March 1964 and other relevant resolutions, .

1. Extends once more the stationing in Cyprus of
the United Nations Peace-keeping Force established
under resolution 186 (1964) for a further period
ending 15 June 1979;

2. Requests the Secretary-General to continue his
mission of good offices, to keep the Security Council
informed of the progress made and to submit a report
on the implementation of the present resolution by
31 May 1979.

Adopted at the 2107th meeting by 14 votes to none. 54

53 Ibid., document S/12946.
54 One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 443 (1978) [on extension of the stationing in Cyprus of the UN Peace-keeping Force]


Resolution 444 (1979)
of 19 January 1979

The Security Council,

Recalling its resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978)
of 19 March, 427 (1978) of 3 May and 434 (1978) of
18 September 1978,

Recalling also the statement made by the President
of the Security Council on 8 December 1978
(S/12958), 7

Having studied the report of the Secretary-General
on the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon of 12
January 1979, contained in document S/13026 and
Corr.1, 6

Expressing concern at the grave situation in Southern
Lebanon resulting from obstacles placed in the way of
the full implementation of resolutions 425 (1978) and
426 (1978),

Reiterating its conviction that the continuation of the
situation constitutes a challenge to its authority and a defiance of its resolutions,

Noting with regret that the Force has reached the end
of its second mandate without being enabled to complete all the tasks assigned to it,

Stressing that free and unhampered movement for
the Force is essential for the fulfilment of its mandate
within its entire area of operation,

Reaffirming the necessity for the strict respect for the
sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of Lebanon within its internationally recognized
boundaries,

Re-emphasizing the temporary nature of the Force
as set out in its terms of reference,

Acting in response to the request of the Government
of Lebanon taking into account the report of the
Secretary-General,

1. Deplores the lack of co-operation, particularly
on the part of Israel, with the efforts of the United
Nations Interim Force in Lebanon fully to implement
its mandate, including assistance lent by Israel to irregular armed groups in Southern Lebanon;

2. Notes with great appreciation the efforts being
made by the Secretary-General, the commanders and
soldiers of the Force and the staff of the United Nations,
as well as by Governments which have lent their assistance and co-operation;

3. Expresses its satisfaction with the declared policy
of the Government of Lebanon and the steps already
taken for the deployment of the Lebanese army in the
south and encourages it to increase its efforts, in coordination with the Force, to re-establish its authority
in that area;

4. Decides to renew the mandate of the Force for
a period of five months, that is, until 19 June 1979;

5. Calls upon the Secretary-General and the Force
to continue to take all effective measures deemed necessary in accordance with the approved guidelines and
terms of reference of the Force as adopted by the Security Council 8 and invites the Government of Lebanon to
draw up, in consultation with the Secretary-General, a
phased programme of activities to be carried out over
the next three months to promote the restoration of its
authority;

6. Urges all Member States which are in a position
to do so to bring their influence to bear on those concerned, so that the Force can discharge its responsibilities fully and unhampered;

7. Reaffirms its determination, in the event of continuing obstruction of the mandate of the Force, to examine practical ways and means in accordance with
relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations
to secure the full implementation of resolution 425
(1978);

8. Decides to remain seized of the question and to
meet again within three months to assess the situation.

Adopted at the 2113th meeting by 12 votes to none, with
2 abstentions (Czechoslovakia, Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics). 9

6 Ibid., Supplement for January, February and March 1979.
7 Ibid., Thirty-third Year, 2106th meeting, para. 7.
8 Ibid., Supplement for January, February and March 1978,
document S/12611.
9 One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 444 (1979) [renewing the mandate of the UN Interim Force in Lebanon]


Resolution 445 (1979)
of 8 March 1979

The Security Council,

Recalling its resolutions on the question of Southern
Rhodesia, and in particular resolutions 253 (1968) of 29
May 1968, 403 (1977) of 14 January and 411 (1977)
of 30 June 1977, 423 (1978) of 14 March, 424 (1978)
of 17 March and 437 (1978) of 10 October 1978,

Taking note of the statement of the African Group
contained in document S/13084, 50

Having heard the statements of the representatives of
Angola 52 and Zambia, 52

Having also heard the statement of the representative
of the Patriotic Front of Zimbabwe, 52

Gravely concerned about the indiscriminate military
operations undertaken by the illegal régime and the
extension of its premeditated and provocative acts of
aggression not only against neighbouring independent
countries but also against non-contiguous States, resulting in wanton killings of refugees and civilian
populations,

Indignant at the continued executions by the illegal
régime in Southern Rhodesia of persons sentenced under
repressive laws,
Reaffirming that the existence of the illegal racist
minority régime in Southern Rhodesia and the continuance of its acts of aggression against neighbouring independent States constitute a threat to international
peace and security,

Reaffirming the inalienable right of the people of
Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) to self-determination
and independence in accordance with General Assembly
resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 and the
legitimacy of their struggle to secure the enjoyment of
such rights as set forth in the Charter of the United
Nations,

Gravely concerned by the moves within certain States
to send missions to observe the so-called elections in
April 1979 organized by the illegal racist minority
régime in Southern Rhodesia, for the purpose of according it some legitimacy and thereby eventually lifting
sanctions,

Reaffirming Security Council resolution 423 (1978),
particularly its provisions declaring illegal and unacceptable any internal settlement concluded under the
auspices of the illegal régime and calling upon all States
not to accord any recognition to such a settlement,

Bearing in mind the responsibility of every Member
State to adhere scrupulously to Security Council resolutions and decisions, and their responsibility to ensure
that institutions and citizens under their jurisdiction will
observe the same,

1. Strongly condemns the recent armed invasions
perpetrated by the illegal racist minority régime in the
British colony of Southern Rhodesia against the People’s
Republic of Angola, the People’s Republic of Mozambique and the Republic of Zambia, which constitute a
flagrant violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of these countries;

2. Commends the People’s Republic of Angola, the
People’s Republic of Mozambique and the Republic of
Zambia and other front-line States for their support of
the people of Zimbabwe in their just and legitimate
struggle for the attainment of freedom and independence
and for their scrupulous restraint in the face of serious
provocations by the Southern Rhodesian rebels;

3. Requests all States to give immediate and substantial material assistance to enable the Governments
of the front-line States to strengthen their defence capability in order to safeguard effectively their sovereignty
and territorial integrity;

4. Requests the administering Power to take all
necessary measures to prevent further illegal executions
in Southern Rhodesia;

5. Condemns all attempts and manoeuvres by the
illegal régime, including its so-called elections of April
1979, aimed at retaining and extending a racist minority
rule and at preventing the accession of Zimbabwe to independence and genuine majority rule;

6. Declares that any elections held under the auspices of the illegal racist régime and the results thereof will be null and void and that no recognition will be
accorded either by the United Nations or any Member
State to any representatives or organ established by that
process;

7. Urges all States to refrain from sending observers
to these elections and to take appropriate action to discourage organizations and institutions within their respective areas of jurisdiction from doing so;

8. Requests the Security Council Committee established in pursuance of resolution 253 (1968) concerning
the question of Southern Rhodesia to meet immediately
to consider measures for strengthening and widening the
sanctions against Southern Rhodesia and to submit its
proposals not later than 23 March 1979;

9. Decides to meet, not later than 27 March 1979,
to consider the report envisaged in paragraph 8 of the
present resolution.

Adopted at the 2122nd meeting by 12 votes to none, with
3 abstentions (France, United
Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland, United
States of America).

50 See Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-fourth Year, Supplement for January, February and March 1979
52 Ibid., Thirty-fourth Year, 2119th meeting.

Security Council resolution 445 (1979) [condemning Southern Rhodesia's armed invasions of Angola, Mozambique and Zambia]

Northern Europe|Sub-Saharan Africa|Western Europe

MILITARY ACTIVITY|ANGOLA|MOZAMBIQUE|ZAMBIA|SOUTHERN RHODESIA|SANCTIONS|EXTRALEGAL EXECUTIONS|ELECTIONS|SOUTHERN RHODESIA|SOUTHERN RHODESIA QUESTION|FRONT-LINE STATES|AID PROGRAMMES


Resolution 446 (1979)
of 22 March 1979

The Security Council,

Having heard the statement of the Permanent Representative of Jordan and other statements made before
the Council,

Stressing the urgent need to achieve a comprehensive,
just and lasting peace in the Middle East,

Affirming once more that the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of
War, of 12 August 1949, 10 is applicable to the Arab
territories occupied by Israel since 1967, including
Jerusalem,

1. Determines that the policy and practices of Israel
in establishing settlements in the Palestinian and other
Arab territories occupied since 1967 have no legal validity and constitute a serious obstruction to achieving a
comprehensive, just and lasting peace in the Middle East;

2. Strongly deplores the failure of Israel to abide by
Security Council resolutions 237 (1967) of 14 June
1967, 252 (1968) of 21 May 1968 and 298 (1971) of
25 September 1971, by the consensus statement made
by the President of the Council on 11 November 1976 11
and by General Assembly resolutions 2253 (ES-V) and
2254 (ES-V) of 4 and 14 July 1967, 32/5 of 28 October
1977 and 33/113 of 18 December 1978;

3. Calls once more upon Israel, as the occupying
Power, to abide scrupulously by the Geneva Convention
relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of
War, of 12 August 1949, to rescind its previous measures
and to desist from taking any action which would result
in changing the legal status and geographical nature and
materially affecting the demographic composition of the
Arab territories occupied since 1967, including Jerusalem, and, in particular, not to transfer parts of its own
civilian population into the occupied Arab territories;

4. Establishes a commission consisting of three
members of the Security Council, to be appointed by the
President of the Council after consultation with the
members of the Council, to examine the situation relating to settlements in the Arab territories occupied since
1967, including Jerusalem;

5. Requests the Commission to submit its report to
the Security Council by 1 July 1979;

6. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the
Commission with the necessary facilities to enable it to
carry out its mission;

7. Decides to keep the situation in the occupied
territories under constant and close scrutiny and to
reconvene in July 1979 to review the situation in the
light of the findings of the Commission.

Adopted at the 2134th meeting by 12 votes to none,
with 3 abstentions (Norway,
United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland,
United States of America).

10 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, p. 287.
11 Official Records of the Security Council, Thirty-first Year,
1969th meeting.

Security Council resolution 446 (1979) [on establishment of a commission to examine the situation relating to settlements in the Arab territories occupied by Israel]

United Kingdom|Ireland|Israel|Jordan|Norway|Palestine, State of|United States

Northern America|Northern Europe|Western Asia

UN. SECURITY COUNCIL COMMISSION ESTABLISHED UNDER RESOLUTION 446 (1979) CONCERNING ISRAELI SETTLEMENTS IN OCCUPIED TERRITORIES > ESTABLISHMENT.|Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (1949)|ANNEXATION OF TERRITORY|JERUSALEM|SETTLEMENT POLICY|ISRAEL|TERRITORIES OCCUPIED BY ISRAEL|HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|TREATIES|HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION


Resolution 447 (1979)
of 28 March 1979

The Security Council,

Having considered the request of the Permanent Representative of Angola contained in document S/13176, 61
as well as his letter dated 16 March 1979 transmitting
the text of a communiqué issued by the Ministry of Defence of the People’s Republic of Angola, 66

Having heard the statement of the Permanent Representative of the People’s Republic of Angola, 67

Having heard the statement of the Vice-President of
the South West Africa People’s Organization, 68

Recalling its resolution 387 (1976) of 31 March 1976,
by which, inter alia, it condemned South Africa’s aggression against the People’s Republic of Angola and
demanded that South Africa should scrupulously respect
the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of
the People’s Republic of Angola,

Bearing in mind its resolution 428 (1978) of 6 May
1978, by which, inter alia, it solemnly warned that, in
the event of further acts of violation of the sovereignty
and territorial integrity of Angola, it would meet again
in order to consider the adoption of more effective measures in accordance with the appropriate provisions of
the Charter of the United Nations, including Chapter
VII thereof,

Gravely concerned at the premeditated, persistent and
sustained armed invasions committed by South Africa in
violation of the sovereignty, air space and territorial
integrity of the People’s Republic of Angola,

Convinced that the intensity and timing of these acts
of armed invasion are intended to frustrate efforts at
negotiated settlements in southern Africa, particularly
in regard to the implementation of Security Council
resolutions 385 (1976) of 30 January 1976 and 435
(1978) of 29 September 1978,

Grieved at the tragic and mounting loss in human life,
included that of civilians and Namibian refugees in
Angola and other front-line States, and concerned about
the damage and wanton destruction of property caused
by the South African armed invasions of Angola
launched from Namibia, a Territory which South Africa
illegally occupies,

Reaffirming the inalienable right of the people of
Namibia to self-determination and independence in accordance with resolutions 385 (1976) and 435 (1978)
and all other relevant resolutions of the United Nations,
and the legitimacy of their struggle to secure the exercise
of such rights as set forth in these resolutions,

Reaffirming also its condemnation of South Africa’s
continued illegal occupation of Namibia and the militarization of the Territory, through which it persists in
its suppression of the legitimate aspirations of the Namibian people to self-determination and independence
as well as in its armed invasions against neighbouring
African States,

1. Condemns strongly the racist régime of South
Africa for its premeditated, persistent and sustained
armed invasions of the People’s Republic of Angola,
which constitute a flagrant violation of the sovereignty
and territorial integrity of that country as well as a serious threat to international peace and security;

2. Condemns strongly also South Africa’s utilization
of the international Territory of Namibia as a springboard for armed invasions and destabilization of the
People’s Republic of Angola;

3. Demands that South Africa cease immediately its
provocative armed invasions against the People’s Republic of Angola and that it respect forthwith the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of that
country;

4. Commends the People’s Republic of Angola and
other front-line States for their steadfast support of the
people of Namibia in their just and legitimate struggle
against the illegal occupation of their territory by South
Africa and for the enjoyment of their inalienable rights
to self-determination and national independence;

5. Requests Member States urgently to extend all
necessary assistance to the People’s Republic of Angola
and other front-line States, in order to strengthen their
defence capacities;

6. Requests the Secretary-General to obtain available information from the People’s Republic of Angola
on the human casualties and material and other damage
resulting from repeated acts of aggression committed by
the racist régime of South Africa;

7. Further requests the Secretary-General to submit
such information to the Security Council not later than
30 April 1979, in order to enable it to determine the
most effective sanctions in accordance with the appropriate provisions of the Charter of the United Nations
so as to ensure the cessation by South Africa of its acts
of aggression against Angola and other front-line States.

Adopted at the 2139th meeting by 12 votes to none, with
3 abstentions (France, United
Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland, United
States of America).

66 Ibid., document S/ 13177.
67 Ibid., Thirty-fourth Year, 2130th meeting.
68 [bid., 2132nd meeting.

Security Council resolution 447 (1979) [on South Africa's policies towards Angola and other front-line States]

Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|ARMED INCIDENTS|TROOP WITHDRAWAL|ANGOLA|SOUTH AFRICA|SANCTIONS|SOUTH AFRICA|AID PROGRAMMES|ANGOLA SITUATION|NAMIBIA QUESTION|FRONT-LINE STATES


Resolution 448 (1979)
of 30 April 1979

The Security Council,

Recalling its resolutions on the question of Southern
Rhodesia, and in particular resolutions 253 (1968) of
29 May 1968, 403 (1977) of 14 January and 411 (1977)
of 30 June 1977, 423 (1978) of 14 March and 437
(1978) of 10 October 1978 and 445 (1979) of 8 March
1979 reaffirming the illegality of the Smith régime,

Having heard the statement of the Chairman of the
African Group, 57

Having also heard the statement of the representative
of the Patriotic Front of Zimbabwe, 57

Reaffirming Security Council resolution 445 (1979),
particularly its provision declaring that any elections
held under the auspices of the illegal racist régime and
the results thereof would be null and void and that no
recognition would be accorded either by the United
Nations or any Member State to any representatives or
organ established by that process,

Gravely concerned that the illegal racist minority
régime in Southern Rhodesia proceeded with the holding
of sham elections in the territory in utter defiance of the
United Nations,

Convinced that these so-called elections did not constitute a genuine exercise of the right of the people of
Zimbabwe to self-determination and national independence and were designed to perpetuate white racist
minority rule,

Reaffirming the inalienable right of the people of
Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) to self-determination
and independence in accordance with General Assembly
resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 and the
legitimacy of their struggle to secure the enjoyment of
such rights as set forth in the Charter of the United
Nations,

Bearing in mind the responsibility of every Member
State to adhere scrupulously to Security Council resolutions and decisions, and their responsibility to ensure
that institutions and citizens under their jurisdiction will
observe the same,

1. Strongly condemns all attempts and manoeuvres
by the illegal régime, including the so-called elections of
April 1979, aimed at retaining and extending a racist
minority rule and at preventing the accession of Zimbabwe to independence and genuine majority rule;

2. Reaffirms the so-called elections held under the
auspices of the illegal racist régime and the results
thereof to be null and void;

3. Reiterates its call to all States not to accord
recognition to any representatives of or organ established by that process and to observe strictly the mandatory sanctions against Southern Rhodesia.

Adopted at the 2143rd meeting by 12 votes to none, with
3 abstentions (France, United
Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland, United
States of America).

57 Ibid., Thirty-fourth Year, 2142nd meeting.

Security Council resolution 448 (1979) [reaffirming the April 1979 elections and the results thereof in Southern Rhodesia to be null and void]

ELECTIONS|SANCTIONS|SOUTHERN RHODESIA|SOUTHERN RHODESIA QUESTION


Resolution 449 (1979)
of 30 May 1979

The Security Council,
Having considered the report of the Secretary-General
on the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force,**

Decides:

(a) To call upon the parties concerned to implement
immediately Security Council resolution 338 (1973) of
22 October 1973;

(b) To renew the mandate of the United Nations
Disengagement Observer Force for another period of
six months, that is, until 30 November 1979;

(c) To request the Secretary-General to submit at
the end of this period a report on the developments in
the situation and the measures taken to implement resolution 338 (1973).

Adopted at the 2145th meeting by 14 votes to none. 17

17 One member (China) did not participate in the voting.

Security Council resolution 449 (1979) [on renewal of the mandate of the UN Disengagement Observer Force]