               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2380 (2017)
               Security Council                                               Distr.: General
                                                                              5 October 2017

               Resolution 2380 (2017)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8061st meeting, on
               5 October 2017

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling resolution 2240 (2015), resolution 2312 (2016) and Presidential
               Statement 2015/25,
                      Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence,
               territorial integrity and national unity of Libya,
                    Welcoming the Secretary-General’s report S/2017/761,
                     Recalling that international law, as reflected in the United Nations Convention
               on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982, sets out the legal framework applicable
               to activities in the ocean,
                     Reaffirming also the United Nations Convention against Transnational
               Organized Crime (UNTOC Convention) and its Protocol against the Smuggling of
               Migrants by Land, Air and Sea, as the primary international legal instruments to
               combat the smuggling of migrants and related conduct, and the Protocol to Prevent,
               Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children,
               supplementing the UNTOC Convention, as the primary international legal
               instruments to combat trafficking in persons,
                    Underlining that, although the crime of smuggling of migrants may share, in
               some cases, some common features with the crime of trafficking in persons,
               Member States need to recognize that they are distinct crimes, as defined by the
               UNTOC Convention and its Protocols, requiring differing legal, operational, and
               policy responses,
                     Deploring the continuing maritime tragedies in the Mediterranean Sea that
               have resulted in thousands of casualties, and noting with concern that such
               casualties were, in some cases, the result of exploitation and misinformation by
               transnational criminal organizations which facilitated the illegal smuggling o f
               migrants via dangerous methods for personal gain and with callous disregard for
               human life,
                     Expressing grave concern at the ongoing proliferation of, and endangerment of
               lives by, the smuggling of migrants in the Mediterranean Sea, in particular off the
               coast of Libya and reiterating that among these migrants may be persons who meet

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               the definition of a refugee under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of
               Refugees and the 1967 Protocol thereto,
                     Emphasizing in this respect that migrants, including asylum seekers and
               regardless of their migration status, should be treated with humanity and dignity and
               that their rights should be fully respected, and urging all States in this regard to
               comply with their obligations under international law, including i nternational human
               rights law and international refugee law, as applicable, stressing also the obligation
               of States, where applicable, to protect the human rights of migrants regardless of
               their migration status, including when implementing their specific migration and
               border security policies,
                     Reaffirming in this respect the need to promote and protect effectively the
               human rights and fundamental freedoms of all migrants, regardless of their
               migration status, especially those of women and children, and to address
               international migration through international, regional or bilateral cooperation and
               dialogue and through a comprehensive and balanced approach, recognizing the roles
               and responsibilities of countries of origin, transit and destination in promotin g and
               protecting the human rights of all migrants, and avoiding approaches that might
               aggravate their vulnerability,
                    Further recalling the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
               and the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescu e,
                      Expressing further concern that the situation in Libya is exacerbated by the
               smuggling of migrants and human trafficking into, through and from the Libyan
               territory, which could provide support to other organized crime and terrorist
               networks in Libya,
                    Mindful of its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international
               peace and security under the Charter of the United Nations,
                     Underlining the primary responsibility of the Government of National Accord
               to take appropriate action to prevent the recent proliferation of, and endangerment
               of lives by, the smuggling of migrants and human trafficking through the territory of
               Libya and its territorial sea,
                    Mindful of the need to support further efforts to strengthen Libyan border
               management, considering the difficulties of the Government of National Accord to
               manage effectively the migratory flows in transit through Libyan territory, and
               noting its concern for the repercussions of this phenomenon on the stability of Libya
               and of the Mediterranean region,
                   Welcoming ongoing support by the most concerned Member States, including
               Member States of the European Union (EU), taking into account inter alia the role
               of FRONTEX and the specific mandate of EUBAM Libya in support of the
               Government of National Accord, and by neighbouring States,
                    Acknowledging the European Council Conclusions of 23 June 2017 and the
               press statement of the African Union Peace and Security Council of 16 February
               2016 which underlined the need for effective international action to address both the
               immediate and long-term aspects of illegal migration and human trafficking towards
               Europe,
                    Taking note of the Decision of the Council of the European Union of 25 July
               2017 to extend the mandate of EUNAVFOR Med Operation Sophia until
               31 December 2018,
                   Taking further note of the ongoing discussions between the EU and the
               Government of National Accord on migration-related issues,

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                Expressing also strong support to the States in the region affected by the
           smuggling of migrants and human trafficking and emphasizing the need to step up
           coordination of efforts in order to strengthen an effective multidimensional response
           to these common challenges in the spirit of international solidarity and shared
           responsibility, to tackle their root causes and to prevent peopl e from being exploited
           by migrant smugglers and human traffickers,
                Acknowledging the need to assist States in the region, upon request, in the
           development of comprehensive and integrated regional and national strategies, legal
           frameworks, and institutions to counter terrorism, transnational organized crime,
           migrant smuggling, and human trafficking, including mechanisms to implement
           them within the framework of States’ obligations under applicable international law,
                 Stressing that addressing both migrant smuggling and human trafficking,
           including dismantling smuggling and trafficking networks in the region and
           prosecuting migrant smugglers, and human traffickers requires a coordinated,
           multidimensional approach with States of origin, of transit, and of dest ination, and
           further acknowledging the need to develop effective strategies to deter migrant
           smuggling and human trafficking in States of origin and transit,
                 Emphasizing that migrants should be treated with humanity and dignity and
           that their rights should be fully respected, and urging all States in this regard to
           comply with their obligations under international law, including international human
           rights law and international refugee law, as applicable,
                 Bearing in mind the obligations of States under applicable international law to
           exercise due diligence to prevent and combat migrant smuggling and human
           trafficking, to investigate and punish perpetrators, to identify and provide effective
           assistance to victims of trafficking and migrants and to cooperate to the fullest
           extent possible to prevent and suppress migrant smuggling and human trafficking,
                 Reaffirming the necessity to put an end to the ongoing proliferation of, and
           endangerment of lives by, the smuggling of migrants and trafficking of persons in
           the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Libya, and, for these specific purposes,
           acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                 1.   Condemns all acts of migrant smuggling and human trafficking into,
           through and from the Libyan territory and off the coast of Libya, which undermine
           further the process of stabilization of Libya and endanger the lives of hundreds of
           thousands of people;
                 2.   Reiterates its calls on Member States acting nationally or through
           regional organizations, including the EU, to cooperate with the Government of
           National Accord and with each other, including by sharing information to assist
           Libya, upon request, in building needed capacity including to secure its borders and
           to prevent, investigate and prosecute acts of smuggling of migrants and human
           trafficking through its territory and in its territorial sea; in order to prevent the
           further proliferation of, and endangerment of lives by, the smuggling of migrants
           and human trafficking into, through and from the territory of Libya and off its coast;
                 3.   Urges Member States and regional organizations, in the spirit of
           international solidarity and shared responsibility, to cooperate with the Government
           of National Accord, and with each other, including by sharing information about
           acts of migrant smuggling and human trafficking in Libya’s territorial sea and on
           the high seas off the coast of Libya, and rendering assistance to migrants and
           victims of human trafficking recovered at sea, in accordance with international law;
                4.    Urges States and regional organizations whose naval vessels and aircraft
           operate on the high seas and airspace off the coast of Libya, to be vigilant for acts of

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               migrant smuggling and human trafficking, and in this context, encourages States
               and regional organizations to increase and coordinate their efforts to deter acts of
               migrant smuggling and human trafficking, in cooperation with Libya;
                     5.    Calls upon Member States acting nationally or through regional
               organizations that are engaged in the fight against migrant smuggling and human
               trafficking to inspect, as permitted under international law, on the high seas off the
               coast of Libya, any unflagged vessels that the y have reasonable grounds to believe
               have been, are being, or imminently will be used by organized criminal enterprises
               for migrant smuggling or human trafficking from Libya, including inflatable boats,
               rafts and dinghies;
                     6.   Further calls upon such Member States to inspect, with the consent of
               the flag State, on the high seas off the coast of Libya, vessels that they have
               reasonable grounds to believe have been, are being, or imminently will be used by
               organized criminal enterprises for migrant smuggling or human trafficking from
               Libya;
                    7.   Decides that, for a further period of twelve months from the date of
               adoption of this resolution to renew the authorizations as set out in paragraphs 7, 8,
               9 and 10 of resolution 2240 (2015) and otherwise reiterates the content of those
               paragraphs;
                     8.   Reaffirms that the authorizations provided in paragraphs 7 and 8 of
               resolution 2240 (2015) apply only with respect to the situation of migrant
               smuggling and human trafficking on the high seas off the coast of Libya and shall
               not affect the rights or obligations or responsibilities of Member States under
               international law, including any rights or obligations under UNCLOS, including the
               general principle of exclusive jurisdiction of a flag State over its vessels on the high
               seas, with respect to any other situation, and that the authorization provided in
               paragraph 10 in resolution 2240 (2015) applies only in confronting migrant
               smugglers and human traffickers on the high seas off the coast of Libya;
                     9.   Underscores that this resolution is intended to disrupt the organized
               criminal enterprises engaged in migrant smuggling and human trafficking and
               prevent loss of life and is not intended to undermine the human rights of individuals
               or prevent them from seeking protection under international human rights law and
               international refugee law;
                     10. Emphasizes that all migrants, including asylum seekers, should be treated
               with humanity and dignity and that their rights should be fully respected, and urges
               all States in this regard to comply with their obligations under international law,
               including international human rights law and international refugee law, as
               applicable;
                     11. Urges Member States and regional organizations acting under the
               authorizations referred to in paragraph 7 of this resolution to have due regard for the
               livelihoods of those engaged in fishing or other legitimate activities;
                    12. Calls upon all States, with relevant jurisdiction under international law
               and national legislation, to investigate and prosecute persons responsible for acts of
               migrant smuggling and human trafficking at sea, consistent with States’ oblig ations
               under international law, including international human rights law and international
               refugee law, as applicable;
                     13. Calls for Member States to consider ratifying or acceding to, and for
               States Parties to effectively implement the Protocol against t he Smuggling of
               Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention

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           against Transnational Organized Crime, and as well as the Protocol to Prevent,
           Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children;
                 14. Requests States utilizing the authority of this resolution to inform the
           Security Council within three months of the date of adoption of this resolution and
           every three months thereafter on the progress of actions undertaken in exercise of
           the authority provided in paragraph 7 above;
                15. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council eleven
           months after the adoption of this resolution on its implementation, in particular with
           regards to the implementation of paragraph 7 above;
                16. Expresses its intention to continue to review the situation and consider,
           as appropriate, renewing the authority provided in this resolution for additional
           periods;
                17.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2380 (2017) [on renewal for 12 months of the authorizations as set out in paras. 7, 8, 9 and 10 of Security Council resolution 2240 (2015) concerning migrant smuggling and human trafficking into, through and from the Libyan territory and off the coast of Libya]

Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS|MIGRANTS|LIBYA|MEDITERRANEAN SEA|CRIME PREVENTION|JURISDICTION OVER SHIPS AT SEA


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2381 (2017)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                6 October 2017

               Resolution 2381 (2017)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8063rd meeting, on
               5 October 2017

                    The Security Council,
                    Welcoming the temporary, bilateral, national ceasefire announced on
               4 September 2017 between the Government of Colombia and the National
               Liberation Army (ELN),
                     Acknowledging the request by the Government of Colombia and the ELN (the
               parties) in their 29 September 2017 Joint Communiqué (the Joint Communiqué) for
               the United Nations to participate as the international component and coordinator of
               a monitoring and verification mechanism (MVM), comprised of representatives of
               the Government of Colombia, the ELN, the United Nations and the Catholic
               Church, to verify compliance with the temporary bilateral ceasefire,
                    Recalling the positive role played by the UN Mission in Colombia established
               by resolution 2261 (2016) in monitoring and verifying the definitive bilateral
               ceasefire and cessation of hostilities between the Government of Colombia and the
               Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia — People’s Army (FARC-EP), and
               recognising the contribution which the UN could make in the context of the
               ceasefire between the Government of Colombia and the ELN,
                   Considering the Secretary-General’s letter to the President of the Security
               Council of 2 October 2017,
                   1.     Welcomes the Secretary-General’s letter to the President of the Security
               Council of 2 October 2017;
                     2.   Decides that the United Nations Verification Mission established in
               resolution 2366 (2017) shall, on a temporary basis until 9 January 2018, participate
               in and coordinate the work of the MVM, as outlined in the Joint Communiqué, in
               order to:
                    (i) Verify compliance with the temporary, bilateral, national ceasefire with
                    the ELN at the national, regional and local level;
                    (ii) Endeavour to prevent incidents through enhanced coordination between
                    the parties and resolution of disagreements;
                    (iii) Enable timely response by the parties to incidents;

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                    (iv) Verify and report publicly and to the parties on compliance with the
                    ceasefire;
                    3.    Approves the recommendations in the Secretary-General’s letter of
               2 October 2017, including the size and operational aspects required, for the United
               Nations Verification Mission to carry out this work, with the addi tion of no more
               than 70 international observers and drawing on the existing staffing, logistics and
               resources of the Mission without affecting the implementation of its previously
               mandated tasks under resolution 2366 (2017);
                     4.   Welcomes the Secretary-General’s proposal to incorporate reporting with
               respect to the verification of the ceasefire within the reporting cycle already
               established by resolution 2366 (2017), and requests an additional update to the
               Security Council on the implementation of the tasks mandated by this resolution by
               8 December 2017.

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Security Council resolution 2381 (2017) [on participation of the UN Verification Mission in Colombia as the international component and coordinator of a monitoring and verification mechanism (MVM) to verify compliance with the temporary bilateral ceasefire]

UN Verification Mission in Colombia|Ejército de Liberación Nacional (Colombia)|SPECIAL MISSIONS|PEACE AGREEMENTS|VERIFICATION|COLOMBIA

S/72 [302] COLOMBIA--POLITICAL CONDITIONS


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2382 (2017)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                6 November 2017

               Resolution 2382 (2017)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8086th meeting, on
               6 November 2017

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling its primary responsibility under the Charter of the United Nations
               for the maintenance of international peace and security,
                     Recalling its resolution 2185 (2014) on United Nations Policing, as well as
               relevant resolutions such as resolutions 1265 (1999) and 1894 (2009) on the
               protection of civilians, 1325 (2000) and 2242 (2015) on women, peace and security,
               2086 (2013) and 2378 (2017) on peacekeeping operations, 2151 (2014) on security
               sector reform, 2171 (2014) on conflict prevention, 2282 (2016) on post-conflict
               peacebuilding, and statements of its President such as the statement of 21 February
               2014 (S/PRST/2014/5) on the rule of law, as well as the statement of 14 July 1997
               (S/PRST/1997/38), and the reports of the Secretary-General A/66/615 and
               S/2016/952 on United Nations Policing,
                     Taking note of the Report of the Secretary-General on United Nations Policing
               of November 2016 and its vision for United Nations Police Components ready to
               effectively address the challenges of the twenty-first century,
                     Stressing the primary responsibility of States for the prevention and resolution
               of conflicts, as well as for the protection of civilians and the important contribution
               that United Nations Policing in peacekeeping and special political missions can
               provide throughout the conflict cycle, where and as mandated, including through the
               protection of civilians, capacity-building and development efforts of host-State
               police services, and noting the relevance of its contribution when considering the
               broader reform of the peace and security pillar,
                     Affirming that lasting peace is not achieved nor sustained by military and
               technical engagements alone, but through political solutions and strongly convinced
               that such political solutions should guide the design and deploym ent of United
               Nations peacekeeping operations,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to upholding the purposes and principles of the
               Charter of the United Nations, including its commitment to and respect for the
               principles of political independence, sovereign equality and territorial integrity of
               all States in conducting all peacekeeping activities and the need for States to comply
               with their obligations under international law,

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                    Further reaffirming the basic principles of peacekeeping, including consent of
               the parties, impartiality, and non-use of force, except in self-defence and defence of
               the mandate, and recognizing that the mandate of each peacekeeping mission is
               specific to the need and situation of the country concerned, and that the Security
               Council expects full delivery of the mandates it authorizes,
                     Welcoming the role that UN Police Components can play in facilitating the
               transitions from peacekeeping to development and peacebuilding, and recognizing
               that improved performance of United Nations Policing can contribute to successful
               exit strategies of peacekeeping missions and will require continued transparent and
               accountable efforts to strengthen United Nations Police doctrine and its
               implementation and defining clearer standards for personnel, equipment, o perations,
               performance, and assistance to host-State police services, as well as increased
               training and capacity-building to prepare police contributing countries and ensure
               predictable deployment,
                     Stressing that the successful implementation of the mandates of peacekeeping
               operations and special political missions requires close cooperation and use of
               integrated planning mechanisms between the different elements of these missions,
               including between police, military and civilian components, under the overa ll
               leadership of the Head of Mission,
                     Noting the important role United Nations Policing can play, where mandated,
               in strengthening the rule of law and security sector reform and reaffirming the lead
               role of national authorities in progressing the reform of police and other law
               enforcement agencies as part of wider rule of law and security sector reform efforts,
               including in dedicating national resources towards national police and other law
               enforcement institutions, and monitoring the impact of police reform, and
               recognizing that the political leadership and political will of national authorities are
               critical in this regard and success necessitates national ownership,
                     Highlighting the important role that United Nations Police Components can
               play in building the capacity of host-State policing and other law enforcement
               institutions, as mandated, in particular through building principles of community
               oriented policing and in addressing organized crime, particularly through support in
               the areas of border, immigration and maritime security and crime prevention,
               response and investigation, where mandated,
                     Having considered that transnational organized crime undermines stability and
               further considering that transnational organized crime can benefit internation al
               terrorism, which may require strengthening or rebuilding of criminal justice systems
               to address relevant threats,
                     Recalling the work conducted by the Security Council Working Group on
               Peacekeeping Operations, the Fourth and Fifth Committees of the Gen eral Assembly
               and the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, which have provided
               guidance to the Secretariat on United Nations policing including on a standardized
               approach to United Nations Policing and compliance thereto, as well as support to
               the United Nations Secretariat to address capacity and capability gaps, where they
               exist, thereby improving the performance of United Nations Policing,
                     Noting the increasing scope and reliance on police abilities in United Nations
               operations and welcoming ongoing efforts to attain specialized capacities,
               capabilities and technologies for United Nations Police Components, further noting
               the Policy for Formed Police Units in United Nations Peacekeeping and
               encouraging Member States to contribute well-trained and appropriately vetted men
               and women police personnel with appropriate language skills for formed police
               units (FPUs) with the full complement of agreed contingent -owned equipment,

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           specialized police teams (SPTs) and individual police officers, as well as civilian
           experts, to effectively implement mandated tasks and facilitate the conditions for
           transitions and exits,
                Noting that host-State policing institutions should be the primary link between
           the government, individuals and communities on security is sues, reiterating that
           professional, effective, accountable, and accessible law enforcement, corrections,
           and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundation for sustainable peace
           and national development, and further noting that failure to addre ss operational and
           accountability deficits in police institutions can undermine the positive gains made,
           and thus risks a relapse into conflict,
                 Recognizing the indispensable role of women in United Nations peacekeeping
           and special political missions, including the critical role that women play in all
           peace and security efforts, including by providing diverse perspectives which can
           assist in building trust with local communities and stressing the need to increase
           their participation and leadership in decision-making in host-States with regard to
           policing and the rule of law,
                 Welcoming the efforts to incentivize greater numbers of women in military and
           police deployed and appointed to senior positions in United Nations peacekeeping
           operations, as both IPOs and as part of SPTs and FPUs, and efforts to review the
           obstacles preventing women’s recruitment and professional advancement; taking
           note in this regard of the Secretary-General’s System-wide Strategy on Gender
           Parity which tasks relevant United Nations entities, in consultation with Police -
           Contributing countries, to develop a separate, dedicated strategy on this matter,
                 Reaffirming its determination to pursue more prioritization when evaluating,
           mandating and reviewing United Nations peacekeeping operations, including
           through strengthening Triangular consultations with Troop and Pol ice-Contributing
           Countries and the Secretariat, strengthening existing formal mechanisms, and
           underlining the shared responsibility for meaningful, inclusive, active and dynamic
           consultations, as well as enhancing its dialogue with host countries, with the aim of
           fully and successfully implementing peacekeeping mandates,
                 Noting with appreciation the improved cooperation between the United
           Nations, international, regional and subregional organizations and initiatives,
           including through training, sharing of experience, exchange of information,
           thematic expertise and operational readiness as appropriate, and the establishment
           by the United Nations Police Components of a serious and organized crime focal
           point network, and further noting that these efforts can strengthen host-State police
           and other law enforcement agencies’ capacities and capabilities to counter
           transnational threats,
                 1.   Stresses that the primacy of political solutions should be the hallmark of
           the approach of the United Nations to the resolution of conflict and resolves to
           include, on a case by case basis, policing as an integral part of the mandates and
           decision-making structures of United Nations peacekeeping operations and special
           political missions, taking into account the need for consistent integration of police
           expertise within the planning of such missions, and to give clear, credible,
           achievable, appropriately resourced mandates for policing -related activities, and
           emphasizes in this context the need to ensure a United Nations system -wide
           approach to the rule of law;
                 2.   Underscores the critical importance of improving accountability,
           transparency, efficiency and effectiveness in the performance of United Nations
           peacekeeping operations and special political missions and calls on the Secretariat
           to continue efforts to strengthen doctrine and define clear standards for personnel,

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               equipment, operations, performance, and assistance to host nation police forces for
               effective performance of United Nations Police in missions, as well as for preparing
               Police-Contributing Countries for deployment, and requests the United Nations’
               Secretariat to assist Member States’ training activities by providing timely and
               complete information regarding the training needs of Police -Contributing Countries
               and those with the capacity to deliver such training, to ensure coherence and
               identify where capability gaps remain, thereby enhancing triangular cooperation;
                     3.    Reaffirms its ongoing efforts to review peacekeeping operations to ensure
               maximum effectiveness and efficiency on the ground, and to deepen these efforts in
               partnership with Police Contributing Countries, and requests the Secretary -General
               to ensure data streams related to the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations,
               including peacekeeping performance data, to include police, are centralized to
               improve analytics and evaluation of mission operations, based on clear and well
               identified benchmarks;
                    4.    Resolves to continue to promote and support the finalization and
               operationalization of the Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police
               Peacekeeping, to conduct targeted recruitment based on identified field needs and
               develop a measurable accountability framework for the implementation of
               mandates, and requests the Secretary-General to consider undertaking the following
               to ensure the timely completion of country-specific mandates and improve
               performance:
                     (a) Strengthen the collaboration of United Nations Policing with the
               Peacekeeping Strategic Force Generation and Capability Planning Cell, so t hat
               police and military requirements are coordinated, force generation occurs in concert
               and performance data is centralized to improve performance based decision -making;
                     (b) Provide additional guidance for relevant officials, including for Special
               Representatives of the Secretary-General and Special Envoys, and assist relevant
               senior United Nations management to understand how to deliver mandated police -
               related tasks;
                     (c) Highlight in his regular reports to the Security Council concerning
               specific United Nations peacekeeping and special political missions mandated by
               the Security Council, updates on progress in terms of gender-responsive police
               reform and protection activities, where mandated, including efforts to make national
               police services more accessible and responsive to women, in order to improve
               Security Council oversight of police reform and protection of civilians activities in
               accordance with resolutions 2122 (2013) and 2242 (2015);
                     5.   Recognizes the role of United Nations Policing in contributing, as
               appropriate, to the United Nations’ efforts to prevent conflicts through, inter alia, as
               mandated, protection of civilians, and assisting host-States with relevant capacitybuilding and calls on the Secretary-General to make sure that planning of United
               Nations peacekeeping and special political missions with police mandates are based
               on a thorough analysis of the context, capacities and needs of host -States;
                     6.    Reaffirms that States bear the primary responsibility for protection of
               civilians and recognizes the important role that United Nations Police Components
               can play, where and as mandated, in the protection of civilians, including in
               preventing and addressing sexual and gender based violence, an d, where applicable,
               conflict-related sexual violence and violations and abuses against children in the
               context of conflict and post-conflict situations, including, where appropriate,
               supporting the efforts of host-authorities to build and reform policing and law
               enforcement institutions so they are able to sustainably and consistently protect
               civilians, and in this regard:

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                (a) Urges Police-Contributing Countries to ensure that all deployed IPOs,
           FPUs and SPTs have undergone comprehensive training, includi ng specific training
           on protection of civilians, sexual and gender based violence, as well as child
           protection, as a key part of their predeployment training, to successfully fulfil their
           mandates;
                (b) Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that United Nations Police
           Components support protection of civilians activities as part of the whole of mission
           approach in missions with protection of civilians mandates;
                 (c) Reiterates that the protection of children in armed conflict should be an
           important aspect of any comprehensive strategy to resolve conflict and build peace
           and of capacity-building efforts in support of host-State police, law enforcement
           agencies and, where appropriate, juvenile justice systems; underscoring in this
           regard the importance of specialized predeployment and in-mission training on
           mission-specific child protection and on appropriate comprehensive child -sensitive
           prevention and protection responses, as well as monitoring and reporting on
           violations and abuses committed against children, and stressing the importance of
           enhancing coordination between Police Components and Child Protection Advisers
           as well as Gender and Women Protection Advisers as outlined in all relevant United
           Nations Security Council resolutions;
                 7.    Requests the Secretary-General to continue and strengthen efforts to
           enhance measures in United Nations peacekeeping and special political missions
           against all forms of sexual exploitation and abuse by United Nations personnel and
           on support to victims in cooperation with the Victims’ Rights Advocate, urges all
           Police-Contributing Countries to ensure that all police personnel to be deployed are
           vetted for previous criminal acts of sexual exploitation and abuse and to deliver
           robust predeployment training to prevent sexual exploitation and abuse, and recalls
           the primary responsibility of Troop-Contributing Countries to investigate allegations
           of sexual exploitation and abuse by their personnel and of Troop - and Police-Contributing Countries to hold accountable, including through prosecution, where
           appropriate, their personnel for acts of sexual exploitation and abuse, taking into
           account due process;
                 8.  Reaffirms the importance of national ownership and leadership in
           peacebuilding, whereby the responsibility for sustaining peace is broadly shared by
           the Government and all other national stakeholders, and recognizes that United
           Nations Police Components, including IPOs, FPOs and SPTs can contribute to
           building and sustaining peace by supporting host-State police and other law
           enforcement services, as mandated;
                9.    Recalls in this regard the importance of United Nations Policing-related
           support to non-United Nations security forces adhering to the Human Rights Due
           Diligence Policy;
                10.   Recognizes the importance of United Nations Policing by:
                (a) Reaffirming its commitment to continue to convene the annual briefing
           of Heads of United Nations Police Components established in resolution 2185
           (2014);
                (b) Highlighting, where appropriate, United Nations Policing aspects in
           deliberations of the Security Council Working Group on Peacekeeping;
                 (c) Encouraging the inclusion of United Nations Policing issues in briefings
           of the Secretary-General’s Special Representatives and Special Envoys and in the
           reports of the Secretary-General, where appropriate;

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                     11. Stresses the importance of national ownership and commitment in
               policing and that, where appropriate, a thorough assessment of national capacity
               gaps in the area of police activities should inform United Nations Policing capacitybuilding activities and police development, including the composition of United
               Nations Police Components, and during planning, recruitment, the prov ision of
               guidance, and training;
                    12. Welcomes the efforts of Member States and the Secretariat to strengthen
               the strategic generation of both female and male police personnel with the
               appropriate expertise and language skills, in order to convey information and
               provide technical assistance in the most accessible manner to the desired audience,
               including through participation in the United Nations Chiefs of Police Summit and
               engagement in the Peacekeeping Capabilities Readiness System for Rapid
               Deployment, and urges Police-Contributing Countries to contribute further:
                    (a) Well-trained,    equipped     and   performing   FPUs,    including   rapidly
               deployable FPUs;
                    (b)   Highly qualified IPOs and civilian experts with specialized skill sets;
                    (c)   SPTs with proper support;
                     (d) A substantial increase in numbers of female police across the different
               roles, with the aim of an overall doubling by 2020, and increasing representation in
               leadership positions, in line with UNSCR 2242 (2015) and the original United
               Nations Global Goal to reach 20 per cent female officers by 2014;
                     (e) Police units that have completed predeployment training, with the
               support of the Secretariat, as appropriate, within the areas of their respective
               responsibilities, so that relevant mechanisms are in place to evaluate Member
               States’ predeployment readiness;
                     13. Reiterates the importance of gender analysis in all police activities and
               mission phases and the role of Police Gender Advisers and its request to the
               Secretary-General to enhance coordination between Police Components and Child
               Protection Advisers as well as Gender and Women Protection Advisers, calls upon
               the United Nations Secretariat to work closely with Member States and UN -Women
               to overcome systemic challenges regarding the eligibility of female police for
               United Nations missions such as entry requirements, including by instituting special
               measures, or supporting women police associations, and encourages Member States
               to provide updates annually on these efforts, and share good practices in this regard;
                     14. Notes the continued efforts of the Secretary-General to enhance
               performance in the peace and security pillar and encourages the Secretariat to assess
               issues concerning the functions, structure and capacity of the Police Division in
               consultation with Member States;
                     15. Welcomes the work of the Police Division Standing Police Capacity
               (SPC) in providing a rapid, coherent, effective and responsive start -up and
               assistance capability for the Police Components of United Nations peacekeeping
               and special political missions as well as support to other United Nations entities
               through the Global Focal Point for Police, Justice and Corrections arrangement, and
               requests the Secretary-General to ensure the work of the SPC is better integrated
               into efforts of United Nations peacekeeping operations to ensure coordination and
               information sharing and that the SPC is used to maximum effect;
                    16. Requests the Secretary-General to provide a report by the end of 2018,
               including on:

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                (a) Implications for the delivery of policing mandates stemming from any
           changes to the United Nations Secretariat’s Peace and Security Architecture;
                (b) Strengthening United Nations Policing’s            operational   and   policy
           coherence within the United Nations system;
                (c) Improving United Nations capability, accountability and transparency on
           United Nations Policing;
                (d)   Planning for strategic police generation gaps and key skill sets;
                (e) Ensuring coherence of relevant United Nations Policing initiatives, in
           order to improve mission transitions and timely exits;
                (f) Strengthening partnerships between the United Nations and international,
           regional and subregional organizations in accordance with Chapter VIII of the
           United Nations Charter, in the areas of policing.

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Security Council resolution 2382 (2017) [on including policing as an integral part of the mandates of UN peacekeeping operations and special missions]

UN. Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Standing Police Capacity|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|SPECIAL MISSIONS|INTERNATIONAL POLICE|PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|GENDER MAINSTREAMING


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2383 (2017)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                7 November 2017

               Resolution 2383 (2017)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8088th meeting, on
               7 November 2017

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions concerning the situation in Somalia,
               especially resolutions 1814 (2008), 1816 (2008), 1838 (2008), 1844 (2008), 1846
               (2008), 1851 (2008), 1897 (2009), 1918 (2010), 1950 (2010), 1976 (2011), 2015
               (2011), 2020 (2011), 2077 (2012) 2125 (2013), 2184 (2014), 2246 (2015), and 2316
               (2016) as well as the Statement of its President (S/PRST/2010/16) of 25 August
               2010 and (S/PRST/2012/24) of 19 November 2012,
                     Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General (S/2017/859), as requested by
               resolution 2316 (2016), on the implementation of that resolution and on the
               situation with respect to piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia,
                    Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political
               independence, and unity of Somalia, including Somalia’s sovereign rights in
               accordance with international law, with respect to offshore natural resources,
               including fisheries,
                     Noting that the joint counter-piracy efforts of States, regions, organizations,
               the maritime industry, the private sector, think tanks, and civil society have resulted
               in a steady decline in pirate attacks as well as hijackings since 2011, and expressing
               concern about the recent piracy incidents that occurred during 2017 and by the
               ongoing threat that resurgent piracy and armed robbery at sea poses to the prompt,
               safe, and effective delivery of humanitarian aid to Somalia and the region, to the
               safety of seafarers and other persons, to international navigation and the safety of
               commercial maritime routes, and to other ships, including fishing vessels operating
               in conformity with international law, commending Chinese and Indian naval forces
               for thwarting an attack on the OS-35, Chinese operations soldiers for capturing
               three pirates, and Chinese and European Union Naval Forces (EU NAVFOR) for
               preventing an attack on MV Al Heera, and further commending countries that have
               deployed naval forces in the Gulf of Aden and the Somali Basin to dissuade piracy
               networks from carrying out acts of piracy,
                    Supporting the outcome of the London Somalia Conference held on 11 May
               2017, and the commitment of the Federal Government and Federal Member States
               of Somalia to developing their maritime security capabilities,

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                     Further reaffirming that international law, as reflected in the United Nations
               Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 (“The Convention”), sets
               out the legal framework applicable to activities in the ocean, including countering
               piracy and armed robbery at sea,
                     Recognizing the need to investigate and prosecute not only suspects captured
               at sea, but also anyone who incites or intentionally facilitates pirac y operations,
               including key figures of criminal networks involved in piracy who plan, organize,
               facilitate, or illicitly finance or profit from such attacks, and reiterating its concern
               over persons suspected of piracy having been released without facing j ustice,
               reaffirming that the failure to prosecute persons responsible for acts of piracy and
               armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia undermines anti -piracy efforts,
                     Welcoming the successful prosecution of piracy cases in Belgium, India,
               Mauritius, and the Seychelles during the past year, while noting with concern that
               the continuing limited capacity and domestic legislation to facilitate the custody and
               prosecution of suspected pirates after their capture has hindered more robust
               international action against pirates off the coast of Somalia, which has led to pirates
               in many cases being released without facing justice, regardless of whether there is
               sufficient evidence to support prosecution, and reiterating that, consistent with the
               provisions of The Convention concerning the repression of piracy, the 1988
               Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime
               Navigation (“SUA Convention”) provides for parties to create criminal offences,
               establish jurisdiction, and accept delivery of persons responsible for, or suspected of
               seizing, or exercising control over, a ship by force or threat thereof, or any other
               form of intimidation,
                     Underlining the primary responsibility of the Somali authorities in the fight
               against piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, noting the several
               requests from Somali authorities for international assistance to counter piracy off its
               coast, including the letter of 2 November 2017, from the Permanent Representative
               of the Permanent Mission of Somalia to the United Nations expressing the
               appreciation of Somali authorities to the Security Council for its assistance,
               expressing their willingness to consider working with other States and regional
               organizations to combat piracy and armed robber y at sea off the coast of Somalia,
               asking member states and international organizations to support the Federal
               Government of Somalia in its efforts to address illegal, unreported, and unregulated
               fishing in its Exclusive Economic Zone, and requesting that the provisions of
               resolution 2316 (2016) be renewed for an additional 12 months,
                    Welcoming the participation of the Federal Government of Somalia and
               regional partners in the 20th plenary session of the Contact Group on Piracy off the
               Coast of Somalia (CGPCS) in Mauritius July 5–7, 2017, co-hosted by the Indian
               Ocean Commission under the Chairmanship of the Republic of the Seychelles,
                     Recognizing the work of the CGPCS and the Law Enforcement Task Force t o
               facilitate the prosecution of suspected pirates, and the intentions of the Regional
               Capacity Building Working Group to identify regional priorities and coordination of
               capacity-building activities and regional responsibilities,
                     Welcoming the financing provided by the Trust Fund to Support Initiatives of
               States Combating Piracy off the Coast of Somalia (the Trust Fund) to strengthen
               regional ability to prosecute suspected pirates and imprison those convicted in
               accordance with applicable international human rights law, noting with appreciation
               the assistance provided by the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
               Maritime Crime Programme, and being determined to continue efforts to ensure that
               pirates are held accountable,

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                 Commending the efforts of the EUNAVFOR Operation ATALANTA,
           Combined Maritime Forces’ Combined Task Force 151, the counter -piracy activities
           of the African Union onshore in Somalia and the naval activities of the Southern
           Africa Development Community, and other States acting in a national capacity in
           cooperation with Somali authorities and each other to suppress piracy and to protect
           ships transiting through the waters off the coast of Somalia, and welcoming the
           Shared Awareness and Deconfliction Initiative (SHADE) and the efforts of
           individual countries, including China, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Japan, the
           Republic of Korea, and the Russian Federation, which have deployed naval counter -
           piracy missions in the region,
                Noting the efforts of flag States for taking measures to permit vessels sailing
           under their flag transiting the High Risk Area (HRA) to embark vessel protection
           detachments and privately contracted armed security personnel (PCASP), an d to
           allow charters that favour arrangements that make use of such measures, while
           urging States to regulate such activities in accordance with applicable international
           law,
                 Welcoming and encouraging the capacity-building efforts in the region made
           by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) funded Djibouti Code of
           Conduct, the Trust Fund and the European Union’s activities under the EU Capacity
           Building Mission in Somalia (EUCAP Somalia) which assists Somalia in
           strengthening its maritime security capacity in order to enable it to enforce maritime
           law more effectively, and recognizing the need for all engaged international and
           regional organizations to coordinate and cooperate fully,
                 Supporting the development of a coastguard at the federal level and coastguard
           police at the Federal Member State level, noting with appreciation the efforts made
           by the IMO and the shipping industry to develop and update guidance, best
           management practices, and recommendations to assist ships to prevent and suppress
           piracy attacks off the coast of Somalia, including in the Gulf of Aden, and in
           relevant parts of the Indian Ocean that are still within the High Risk Area and
           recognizing the work of the IMO and the CGPCS in this regard, noting the efforts of
           the International Organization for Standardization, which has developed industry
           standards of training and certification for Private Maritime Security Companies
           when providing PCASP on board ships in high-risk areas, and further welcoming
           the European Union’s EUCAP Somalia, which is working to develop the maritime
           security capacities of Somalia,
                 Underlining the importance of continuing to enhance the collection,
           preservation, and transmission to competent authorities of evidence of acts of piracy
           and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, and welcoming the ongoing work
           of the IMO, INTERPOL, and industry groups to develop guidance to seafarers on
           preservation of crime scenes following acts of piracy, and noting the importance of
           enabling seafarers to give evidence in criminal proceedings to prosecute acts of
           piracy,
                 Further recognizing that pirate networks continue to rely on kidnapping and
           hostage-taking to help generate funding to purchase weapons, gain recruits, and
           continue their operational activities, thereby jeopardizing the safety and security of
           civilians and restricting the flow of commerce, and welcoming international efforts
           to coordinate the work of investigators and prosecutors, inter alia, through the Law
           Enforcement Task Force and collect and share information to disrupt the pirate
           enterprise, as exemplified by INTERPOL’s Global Database on Maritime Piracy,
           and commending the establishment of the Regional Centre for Operational
           Coordination (RCOC) in Seychelles on 1 July 2017, which will operate alongside its
           sister centre, and appreciating the establishment of the Regional Maritime

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               Information Fusion Centre (RMIFC) in Madagascar, including the establishment of
               the Piracy Prosecution Readiness Plan which, under the auspices of UNODC and in
               partnership with EU NAVFOR, will further develop the region’s capacity to conduct
               piracy prosecutions,
                     Reaffirming international condemnation of acts of kidnapping and hostage -
               taking, including offences contained within the International Convention against the
               Taking of Hostages, strongly condemning the continuing practice of hostage-taking
               by pirates operating off the coast of Somalia, expressing serious concern at the
               inhumane conditions hostages face in captivity, recognizing the adverse impact on
               their families, calling for the immediate release of all remaining hostages, and
               noting the importance of cooperation between Member States on the issue of
               hostage-taking and the prosecution of suspected pirates for taking hostages,
                     Commending Kenya, Mauritius, Tanzania, and Seychelles, for their efforts to
               prosecute suspected pirates in their national courts, and noting with appreciation the
               assistance provided by the UNODC Maritime Crime Programme, the Trust Fund,
               and other international organizations and donors, in coordination with the CGPCS,
               to support Kenya, Mauritius, Seychelles, Tanzania, Somalia, and other States in the
               region with their efforts to prosecute, or incarcerate in a third State after prosecution
               elsewhere, pirates, including facilitators and financiers ashore, consistent with
               applicable international human rights law, and emphasizing the need for States and
               international organizations to further enhance international efforts in this regard,
                     Welcoming the readiness of the Federal Government of Somalia and Federal
               Member States to cooperate with each other and with States who have prosecuted
               suspected pirates with a view to enabling convicted pirates to be repatriated back to
               Somalia under suitable prisoner transfer arrangements, consistent with applicable
               international law, including international human rights law, and acknowledging the
               return from Seychelles to Somalia of convicted prisoners willing and eligible to
               serve their sentences in Somalia,
                    Welcoming the work of the Maritime Security Coordination Committee
               (MSCC), the central mechanism for developing capability and identifying and
               channelling support, as highlighted at the London Somalia Conference in May 2017,
               and encouraging the Somali national and regional administrations to take increasing
               responsibility for counter-piracy initiatives,
                     Expressing serious concern over reports of illegal, unreported and unregulated
               fishing (IUU) in Somalia’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), and noting the
               complex relationship between IUU fishing and piracy, recognizing that IUU fishing
               accounts for millions of dollars in lost revenue for Somalia each year, and can
               contribute to destabilization among coastal communities,
                     Noting Somalia’s accession to the FAO’s Agreement on Port State Measures to
               Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing,
               recognizing the projects supported by FAO and UNODC aimed at enhancing the
               Somalia’s capacity to combat such activities, and stressing the need for States and
               international organizations to further intensify their support to the Federal
               Government of Somalia, at its request, in enhancing Somalia’s capacity to combat
               such activities,
                    Recognizing the ongoing efforts of the Federal Government of Somalia
               towards the development of a legal regime for the distribution of fishing licences,
               commending in this regard the implementation of a component of the EU-funded
               Programme to Promote Regional Maritime Security (CCAP) with FAO aims to
               promote proper and transparent licensed and regulated fishing with regional states,

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           and encouraging further efforts in this regard, with the support of the internat ional
           community,
                 Recalling the reports of the Secretary General which illustrate the seriousness
           of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia and provide useful
           guidance for the investigation and prosecution of pirates, including on special ized
           anti-piracy courts,
                Commending the Hostage Support Partnership (HSP) for the release of
           26 seafarers in 2016, but remaining concerned that eight Iranian seafarers from the
           FV Siraj remain as hostages inside Somalia in appalling conditions, and welcoming
           the work of International Seafarers Welfare and Assistance Network (ISWAN) and
           Maritime Piracy Humanitarian Response Programme (MPHRP) in the provision of
           post trauma intervention and financial support to victims of piracy and their
           families; as well as the CGPCS Piracy Survivors Family Fund (PSFF), which
           provides funds for the survivors of Somali piracy, and for their families, to provide
           a range of support during and after captivity and recognizing the need to continue
           supporting these initiatives and contributions to funds,
                 Recognizing the progress made by the CGPCS and UNODC in the use of
           public information tools to raise awareness of the dangers of piracy and highlight
           the best practices to eradicate this criminal phenomenon,
                Noting efforts by UNODC and UNDP and the funding provided by the Trust
           Fund, the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other donors
           to develop regional judicial and law enforcement capacity to investigate, arrest, and
           prosecute suspected pirates and to incarcerate convicted pirates consistent with
           applicable international human rights law,
                 Bearing in mind the Djibouti Code of Conduct concerning the Repression of
           Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in the Western Indian Ocean and the Gulf
           of Aden, noting the operations of information-sharing centres in Yemen, Kenya, and
           Tanzania, recognizing the efforts of signatory States to develop the appropriate
           regulatory and legislative frameworks to combat piracy, enhance their capacity to
           patrol the waters of the region, interdict suspect vessels, and prosecute suspected
           pirates,
                 Emphasizing that peace and stability within Somalia, the strengthening of
           State institutions, economic and social development, and respect for human rights
           and the rule of law are necessary to create the conditions for a durable eradication of
           piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, and further emphasizing
           that Somalia’s long-term security rests with the effective development by Somali
           authorities of the Somali Coast Guard and Maritime Police Units, Somali National
           Army, and Somali Police Force,
                Welcoming the Padang Communique and Maritime Cooperation Declaration
           adopted by the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) at its 15th Council of
           Ministers meeting, which call upon members to support and strengthen cooperation
           to address maritime challenges including piracy and illegal trafficking of drugs,
                Recognizing that the ongoing instability in Somalia and the acts of piracy and
           armed robbery at sea off its coast are inextricably linked, and stressing the need to
           continue the comprehensive response by the international community to repress
           piracy and armed robbery at sea and tackle its underlying causes,
                 Determining that the incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast
           of Somalia, as well as the activity of pirate groups in Somalia, are an important
           factor exacerbating the situation in Somalia, which continues to constitute a threat
           to international peace and security in the region,

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                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                    1.    Reiterates that it condemns and deplores all acts of piracy and armed
               robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia;
                     2.    While noting improvements in Somalia, recognizes that piracy
               exacerbates instability in Somalia by introducing large amounts of illicit cash that
               fuels additional crime, corruption, and terrorism;
                    3.    Stresses the need for a comprehensive response to prevent and suppress
               piracy and tackle its underlying causes by the international community;
                      4.    Underlines the primary responsibility of the Somali authorities in the
               fight against piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, welcomes the
               draft coast guard law which the Somali authorities, with the support of the European
               Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR) Operation Atalanta and EUCAP Somalia have
               submitted to the Council of Ministers for approval by Parliament and urges the
               Somali authorities, to continue their work to pass a comprehensive set of anti -piracy
               and maritime laws without further delay and establish security forces with clear
               roles and jurisdictions to enforce these laws and to continue to develop, with
               international support as appropriate, the capacity of Somali courts to investigate and
               prosecute persons responsible for acts of piracy and armed robbery, including key
               figures of criminal networks involved in piracy who plan, organize, facilitate, or
               illicitly finance or profit from such attacks;
                     5.    Recognizes the need to continue investigating and prosecuting those who
               plan, organize, or illicitly finance or profit from pirate attacks off the coast of
               Somalia, including key figures of criminal networks involved in piracy, urges
               States, working in conjunction with relevant international organizations, to adopt
               legislation to facilitate prosecution of suspected pirates off the coast of Somalia;
                    6.    Calls upon the Somali authorities to interdict, and upon interdiction to
               have mechanisms in place to safely return effects seized by pirates, investigate and
               prosecute pirates and to patrol the waters off the coast of Somalia to prevent and
               suppress acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea;
                     7.   Calls upon the Somali authorities to make all efforts to bring to justice
               those who are using Somali territory to plan, facilitate, or undertake criminal acts of
               piracy and armed robbery at sea, and calls upon Member States to assist Somalia , at
               the request of Somali authorities and with notification to the Secretary -General, to
               strengthen maritime capacity in Somalia, including regional authorities and, stresses
               that any measures undertaken pursuant to this paragraph shall be consistent with
               applicable international law, in particular international human rights law;
                    8.    Calls upon States to cooperate also, as appropriate, on the issue of
               hostage taking, and the prosecution of suspected pirates for taking hostages;
                     9.   Calls for the immediate and unconditional release of all seafarers held
               hostage by Somali pirates, and further calls upon the Somali authorities and all
               relevant stakeholders to redouble their efforts to secure their safe and immediate
               release;
                     10. Welcomes the initiative of the Seychelles authorities to establish a court
               for piracy and maritime crime and further welcomes the successful prosecution of
               piracy cases by this body;
                    11. Recognizes the need for States, international and regional organizations,
               and other appropriate partners to exchange evidence and information for anti -piracy
               law enforcement purposes with a view to ensuring effective prosecution of
               suspected, and imprisonment of convicted, pirates and with a view to the arrest and

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           prosecution of key figures of criminal networks involved in piracy who plan,
           organize, facilitate, or illicitly finance and profit from piracy operations, and keeps
           under review the possibility of applying targeted sanctions against individuals or
           entities that plan, organize, facilitate, or illicitly finance or profit from piracy
           operations if they meet the listing criteria set out in paragraph 43 of resolution 2093
           (2013), and calls upon all States to cooperate fully with the Somalia and Eritrea
           Monitoring Group, including on information-sharing regarding possible violations
           of the arms embargo or charcoal ban;
                 12. Renews its call upon States and regional organizations that are able to do
           so to take part in the fight against piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of
           Somalia, in particular, consistent with this resolution and international law, by
           deploying naval vessels, arms, and military aircraft, by providing basing and
           logistical support for counter-piracy forces, and by seizing and disposing of boats,
           vessels, arms, and other related equipment used in the commission of piracy and
           armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, or for which there are reasonable
           grounds for suspecting such use;
                13. Highlights the importance of coordination among States and international
           organizations in order to deter acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast
           of Somalia, commends the work of the CGPCS to facilitate such coordination in
           cooperation with the IMO, flag States, and Somali authorities, and urges continued
           support of these efforts;
                 14. Encourages Member States to continue to cooperate with Somali
           authorities in the fight against piracy and ar med robbery at sea, notes the primary
           role of Somali authorities in the fight against piracy and armed robbery at sea off
           the coast of Somalia, and decides that, for a further period of 12 months from the
           date of this resolution to renew the authorizations as set out in paragraph 14 of
           resolution 2316 (2016) granted to States and regional organizations cooperating
           with Somali authorities in the fight against piracy and armed robbery at sea off the
           coast of Somalia, for which advance notification has been provided by Somali
           authorities to the Secretary-General;
                15. Affirms that the authorizations renewed in this resolution apply only with
           respect to the situation in Somalia and shall not affect the rights, obligations, or
           responsibilities of Member States under international law, including any rights or
           obligations under The Convention, with respect to any other situation, and
           underscores in particular that this resolution shall not be considered as establis hing
           customary international law; and affirms further that such authorizations have been
           renewed in response to the 2 November 2017 letter conveying the request of Somali
           authorities;
                 16. Decides that the arms embargo on Somalia imposed by paragraph 5 of
           resolution 733 (1992) and further elaborated upon by paragraphs 1 and 2 of
           resolution 1425 (2002) and modified by paragraphs 33 to 38 of resolution 2093 does
           not apply to supplies of weapons and military equipment or the provision of
           assistance destined for the sole use of Member States, international, regional, and
           subregional organizations undertaking measures in accordance with paragraph 14
           above;
                 17. Requests that cooperating States take appropriate steps to ensure that the
           activities they undertake pursuant to the authorizations in paragraph 14 do not have
           the practical effect of denying or impairing the right of innocent passage to the ships
           of any third State;
                 18. Calls upon all States, and in particular flag, port, and coastal States,
           States of the nationality of victims and perpetrators of piracy and armed robbery,

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               and other States with relevant jurisdiction under international law and national
               legislation, to cooperate in determining jurisdiction and in the investigation and
               prosecution of all persons responsible for acts of piracy and armed robbery off the
               coast of Somalia, including key figures of criminal networks involved in piracy who
               plan, organize, facilitate, or illicitly finance or profit from such attack, consistent
               with applicable international law including international human rights law, to ensure
               that all pirates handed over to judicial authorities are subject to a judicial process,
               and to render assistance by, among other actions, pr oviding disposition and logistics
               assistance with respect to persons under their jurisdiction and control, such as
               victims, witnesses, and persons detained as a result of operations conducted under
               this resolution;
                     19. Calls upon all States to criminalize piracy under their domestic law and
               to favourably consider the prosecution of suspected, and imprisonment of those
               convicted, pirates apprehended off the coast of Somalia, and their facilitators and
               financiers ashore, consistent with applicable internatio nal law, including
               international human rights law, and decides to keep these matters under review,
               including, as appropriate, the establishment of specialized anti -piracy courts in
               Somalia with substantial international participation and/or support as set forth in
               resolution 2015 (2011), and encourages the CGPCS to continue its discussions in
               this regard;
                    20. Welcomes, in this context, the UNODC Maritime Crime Programme’s
               continued work with authorities in Somalia and in neighbouring States to ensure
               that individuals suspected of piracy are prosecuted and those convicted are
               imprisoned in a manner consistent with international law, including international
               human rights law;
                     21. Encourages the Federal Government of Somalia to accede to the United
               Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, as part of its efforts to
               target money laundering and financial support structures on which piracy networks
               survive;
                    22. Urges all States to take appropriate actions under their existing domestic
               law to prevent the illicit financing of acts of piracy and the laundering of its
               proceeds;
                    23. Urges States, in cooperation with INTERPOL and Europol, to further
               investigate international criminal networks involved in piracy off the coast of
               Somalia, including those responsible for illicit financing and facilitation;
                    24. Urges all States to ensure that counter-piracy activities, particularly landbased activities, take into consideration the need to protect women a nd children
               from exploitation, including sexual exploitation;
                    25. Urges all States to share information with INTERPOL for use in the
               global piracy database, through appropriate channels;
                    26. Commends the contributions of the Trust Fund and the IMO -funded
               Djibouti Code of Conduct and urges both state and non-State actors affected by
               piracy, most notably the international shipping community, to contribute to them;
                     27. Urges States parties to The Convention and the SUA Convention to
               implement fully their relevant obligations under these conventions and customary
               international law and to cooperate with the UNODC, IMO, and other States and
               international organizations to build judicial capacity for the successful prosecution
               of persons suspected of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia;
                    28. Acknowledges the recommendations and guidance provided by the IMO
               on preventing and suppressing piracy and armed robbery at sea; and urges States, in

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           collaboration with the shipping and insurance industrie s and the IMO, to continue to
           develop and implement avoidance, evasion, and defensive best practices and
           advisories to take when under attack or when sailing in the waters off the coast of
           Somalia, and further urges States to make their citizens and vessel s available for
           forensic investigation as appropriate at the first suitable port of call immediately
           following an act or attempted act of piracy or armed robbery at sea or release from
           captivity;
                29. Encourages flag States and port States to further consider the
           development of safety and security measures on board vessels, including, where
           applicable, developing regulations for the use of PCASP on board ships, aimed at
           preventing and suppressing piracy off the coast of Somalia, through a consultative
           process, including through the IMO and ISO;
                 30. Invites the IMO to continue its contributions to the prevention and
           suppression of acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships, in coordination, in
           particular, with the UNODC, the World Food Program (WFP), the shipping industry,
           and all other parties concerned, and recognizes the IMO’s role concerning privately
           contracted armed security personnel on board ships in high -risk areas;
                 31. Notes the importance of securing the safe delivery of WFP assistance by
           sea, and welcomes the ongoing work by the WFP, EUNAVFOR Operation Atalanta,
           and flag States with regard to Vessel Protection Detachments on WFP vessels;
                 32. Requests States and regional organizations cooperating with Somali
           authorities to inform the Security Council and the Secretary-General in nine months
           of the progress of actions undertaken in the exercise of the authorizations provided
           in paragraph 14 above and further requests all States contributing through the
           CGPCS to the fight against piracy off the coast of Somalia, including Somalia and
           other States in the region, to report by the same deadline on their efforts to establish
           jurisdiction and cooperation in the investigation and prosecution of piracy;
                 33. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council within
           eleven months of the adoption of this resolution on the implementation of this
           resolution and on the situation with respect to piracy and armed robbery at sea off
           the coast of Somalia;
                 34. Expresses its intention to review the situation and consider, as
           appropriate, renewing the authorizations provided in paragraph 14 above for
           additional periods upon the request of Somali authority;
                35.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2383 (2017) [on piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia]

Belgium|China|Djibouti|Eritrea|United Kingdom|India|Iran, Islamic Republic of|Japan|Kenya|Korea, Republic of|Madagascar|Mauritius|Russian Federation|Somalia|Seychelles|Tanzania, United Republic of|Yemen

Eastern Asia|Eastern Europe|Northern Europe|Southern Asia|Sub-Saharan Africa|Western Asia|Western Europe

IMO|UN. Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia|INTERPOL|UN Office on Drugs and Crime|European Union. Naval Operation Atalanta off the Coast of Somalia|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|MARITIME SECURITY|HIJACKING OF SHIPS|PIRACY|SOMALIA|SOMALIA SITUATION|ARMS EMBARGO|CRIME PREVENTION|INTER-AGENCY COOPERATION