               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2425 (2018)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                29 June 2018

               Resolution 2425 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8302nd meeting, on
               29 June 2018

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling all its previous resolutions, including its resolution 2363 (2017),
               and statements of its President concerning the situation in Sudan, and underlining
               the importance of full compliance with these,
                    Noting with appreciation the Special Report of the Chairperson of the
               African Union Commission and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on
               the Strategic Review of the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in
               Darfur (UNAMID),
                    Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, unity, independence
               and territorial integrity of Sudan and its determination to work with t he
               Government of Sudan, in full respect of its sovereignty, to assist in tackling the
               various challenges in Sudan,
                     Determining that the situation in Sudan continues to constitute a threat to
               international peace and security,
                    1.    Decides to extend until 13 July 2018 the mandate of UNAMID;
                     2.   Decides, acting under Chapter VII, to extend the authorisations to take
               the necessary action set out in paragraph 15 of its resolution 1769 (2007), as
               further elaborated in paragraph 15 of its resolution 2363 (2017), and urges
               UNAMID to continue to deter any threats against itself and its mandate;
                    3.    Decides to remain seized of the matter.

18-10826 (E)
*1810826*

Security Council resolution 2425 (2018) [on extension of the mandate of the AU/UN Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) until 13 July 2018]

AU/UN Hybrid Operation in Darfur|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|DARFUR (SUDAN)|SUDAN

S/73 [204] AU/UN HYBRID OPERATION IN DARFUR
S/73 [160] SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan.


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2426 (2018)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               29 June 2018

               Resolution 2426 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8303rd meeting, on
               29 June 2018

                    The Security Council,
                     Noting with concern that the situation in the Middle East is tense and is
               likely to remain so, unless and until a comprehensive settlement covering all
               aspects of the Middle East problem can be reached,
                     Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations
               Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) of 11 June 2018 ( S/2018/550) and also
               reaffirming its resolution 1308 (2000) of 17 July 2000,
                    Stressing that both parties must abide by the terms of the 1974
               Disengagement of Forces Agreement between Israel and the Syrian Arab Republic
               and scrupulously observe the ceasefire,
                     Concurring with the Secretary-General’s findings that the ongoing military
               activities conducted by any actor in the area of separation continue to have the
               potential to escalate tensions between Israel and the Syrian Arab Republic,
               jeopardize the ceasefire between the two countries, and pose a risk to the local
               civilian population and United Nations personnel on the ground,
                   Expressing alarm that recent escalation of violence in the Syrian Arab
               Republic risks a serious conflagration of the conflict in the region
                    Expressing grave concern at all violations of the Disengagement of Forces
               Agreement,
                     Stressing that there should be no military forces in the area of separation
               other than those of UNDOF,
                    Strongly condemning the continued fighting in the area of separation, calling
               on all parties to the Syrian domestic conflict to cease military actions in the
               UNDOF area of operations and to respect international humanitarian law,
                     Condemning the use of heavy weapons by both the Syrian armed forces and
               armed groups in the ongoing Syrian conflict in the area of separation, including
               the use of tanks by the Syrian armed forces and opposition during clas hes,
                     Echoing the Secretary-General’s call upon all parties to the Syrian domestic
               conflict to cease military actions throughout the country, including in the UNDOF
               area of operations,
                    Reaffirming its readiness to consider listing individuals, groups,
               undertakings, and entities providing support to the Islamic State in Iraq and the
               Levant (ISIL, also known as Da’esh) or to the Al-Nusra Front (also known as
               Jabhat Fateh al-Sham), including those who are financing, arming, planning, or

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               recruiting for ISIL or the Al-Nusra Front and all other individuals, groups,
               undertakings, and entities associated with ISIL and Al-Qaida as listed on the ISIL
               (Da’esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List, including those participating in or
               otherwise supporting attacks against UNDOF peacekeepers,
                     Recognizing the necessity of efforts to flexibly adjust UNDOF’s posture on
               a temporary basis to minimize the security risk to UNDOF personnel as UNDOF
               continues to implement its mandate, while emphasizing that the ultimate goal is
               for the peacekeepers to return to their positions in UNDOF’s area of operations
               as soon as practicable,
                     Emphasizing the importance of Security Council and troop-contributing
               countries having access to reports and information related to UNDOF ’s current
               temporary configuration, and reinforcing that such information assists the
               Security Council with evaluating, mandating, and reviewing UNDOF and with
               effective consultation with troop-contributing countries,
                     Underscoring the need for UNDOF to have at its disposal all necessary
               means and resources to carry out its mandate safely and securely, including
               technology and equipment to enhance its observation of the area of separation and
               the ceasefire line, and to improve force protection, as appropriate, and recalling
               that the theft of United Nations weapons and ammunition, vehicles and other
               assets, and the looting and destruction of United Nations facilities, are
               unacceptable,
                     Expressing its profound appreciation to UNDOF’s military and civilian
               personnel, including those from Observer Group Golan, for their service in an
               increasingly challenging operating environment, underscoring the important
               contribution UNDOF’s continued presence makes to peace and security in the
               Middle East, welcoming steps taken to enhance the safety and security of UNDOF,
               including Observer Group Golan, personnel, and stressing the need for continued
               vigilance to ensure the safety and security of UNDOF and Observer Group Golan
               personnel,
                    Strongly condemning incidents threatening the safety and security of United
               Nations personnel,
                     Expressing its appreciation to UNDOF, including Observer Group Golan,
               for the ongoing efforts made towards the reestablishment of its headquarters at
               Camp Faouar and limited patrolling in its vicinity, and to upgr ade and expand its
               positions on Mount Hermon, including the establishment of new positions,
                     Taking note of the Secretary-General’s plan for UNDOF to return to vacated
               positions on the Bravo side based on a continuous assessment of security in the
               area of separation and its surroundings, and continued discussion and
               coordination with the parties,
                    Recalls that UNDOF’s deployment and the 1974 Disengagement of Forces
               Agreement are steps toward a just and durable peace on the basis of Security
               Council Resolution 338 (1973),
                    Recalling its request of the Secretary-General to ensure that data related to
               the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations, including peacekeeping
               performance data, is used to improve analytics and the evaluation of mission
               operations, based on clear and well identified benchmarks,
                    Recalling resolution 2242 (2015) and its aspiration to increase the number
               of women in military and police contingents of United Nations peacekeeping
               operations,
                     1.   Calls upon the parties concerned to implement immediately its
               resolution 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973;
                     2.   Stresses the obligation on both parties to scrupulously and fully respect
               the terms of the 1974 Disengagement of Forces Agreement, calls on the parties to

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           exercise maximum restraint and prevent any breaches of the ceasefire and the area
           of separation, encourages the parties to take advantage of UNDOF’s liaison
           function regularly to address issues of mutual concern, as appropriate, and
           underscores that there should be no military activity of any kind in the area of
           separation, including military operations by the Syrian Arab Armed Forces;
                 3.   Underlines that there should be no military activity of the armed
           opposition groups in the area of separation, and urges Member States to convey
           strongly to the Syrian armed opposition groups in UNDOF ’s area of operations
           that UNDOF remains an impartial entity and to halt all activities that endanger
           United Nations peacekeepers on the ground and to accord the United Nations
           personnel on the ground the freedom to carry out their mandate safely and
           securely;
                 4.   Calls on all groups other than UNDOF to abandon all UNDOF
           positions and the Quneitra crossing point, and return the peacekeepers ’ vehicles,
           weapons, and other equipment;
                 5.     Calls on all parties to cooperate fully with the operations of UNDOF,
           to respect its privileges and immunities and to ensure its freedom of movement,
           as well as the security of and unhindered and immediate access for the United
           Nations personnel carrying out their mandate, including the unimpeded delivery
           of UNDOF equipment and the temporary use of alternative ports of entry and
           departure, as required, to ensure safe and secure troop rotation and resupply
           activities, in conformity with existing agreements, and urges prompt reporting by
           the Secretary-General to the Security Council and troop-contributing countries of
           any actions that impede UNDOF’s ability to fulfil its mandate;
                 6.    Notes the importance of the temporary crossing point for UNDOF
           personnel between the Alpha and Bravo sides for contingency situations, in the
           absence of the established crossing at Quneitra, and in this regard, calls on the
           parties to constructively engage with UNDOF, with the understanding that the
           Quneitra crossing will be re-opened as soon as security conditions permit;
                  7.   Welcomes UNDOF’s ongoing return to Camp Faouar and limited
           patrolling around Camp Faouar, as well as the cooperation of the parties to
           facilitate this return, together with continued efforts to plan for UNDOF ’s
           expeditious return to vacated positions in the area of separation, including the
           provision of adequate force protection, based on a continuous assessment of
           security in the area;
                 8.    Underscores the importance of progress in the deployment of
           appropriate technology, including counter-improvised explosive device (IED)
           capabilities and a sense and warn system, as well as in addressing civilian staffing
           needs, to ensure the safety and security of UNDOF personnel and equipment,
           following appropriate consultations with the parties, and notes in this regard that
           the Secretary-General’s proposal for such technologies has been delivered to the
           parties for approval;
                 9.    Encourages the parties to the Disengagement Agreement to engage
           constructively to make the necessary temporary arrangements with UNDOF for
           the force’s return to vacated positions, taking into account existing agr eements;
                 10. Welcomes the initiatives undertaken by the Secretary-General to
           standardise a culture of performance in UN peacekeeping, calls on him to continue
           his efforts to develop an integrated performance policy framework and apply it to
           UNDOF, and requests the Secretary-General seek to increase the number of
           women in UNDOF, as well as to ensure the meaningful participation of women in
           all aspects of operations;
                11. Welcomes the efforts being undertaken by UNDOF to implement the
           Secretary-General’s zero-tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and
           to ensure full compliance of its personnel with the United Nations code of

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               conduct, requests the Secretary-General to continue to take all necessary action
               in this regard and to keep the Security Council informed, and urges troopcontributing countries to take preventive and disciplinary action to ensure that
               such acts are properly investigated and punished in cases involving their
               personnel;
                      12. Decides to renew the mandate of UNDOF for a period of six months,
               that is, until 31 December 2018, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure that
               UNDOF has the required capacity and resources to fulfil the mandate in a safe
               and secure way;
                    13. Requests the Secretary-General to report every 90 days on
               developments in the situation and the measures taken to implement resolution 338
               (1973).

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Security Council resolution 2426 (2018) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) until 31 Dec. 2018]

UN Disengagement Observer Force|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|TRUCE SUPERVISION|GOLAN HEIGHTS|ISRAEL|SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC|MIDDLE EAST SITUATION

S/73 [55] UN DISENGAGEMENT OBSERVER FORCE
S/73 [54] MIDDLE EAST SITUATION
S/ X The situation in the Middle East.


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2427 (2018)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               9 July 2018

               Resolution 2427 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8305th meeting, on
               9 July 2018

                    The Security Council,
                    Reaffirming its resolutions 1261 (1999) of 25 August 1999, 1314 (2000) of
               11 August 2000, 1379 (2001) of 20 November 2001, 1460 (2003) of 30 January 2003,
               1539 (2004) of 22 April 2004, 1612 (2005) of 26 July 2005, 1882 (2009) of 4 August
               2009, 1998 (2011) of 12 July 2011, 2068 (2012) of 19 September 2012, 2143 (2014)
               of 7 March 2014, 2225 (2015) of 18 June 2015, and all relevant Statements of its
               President, which contribute to a comprehensive framework for addressing the
               protection of children affected by armed conflict,
                    Reiterating its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace
               and security and, in this connection, its commitment to address the widespread impact
               of armed conflict on children, and the long-term consequences this has for durable
               peace, security and development,
                    Convinced that the protection of children affected by armed conflict should be
               an important aspect of any comprehensive strategy to resolve conflict and sustain
               peace and stresses also the importance of adopting a broad strategy of conflict
               prevention, which addresses the root causes of armed conflict in a comprehensive
               manner in order to enhance the protection of children on a long-term basis,
                     Reaffirming the importance of promoting the United Nations ability to deliver
               on its founding determination to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war
               and putting emphasis on preventive diplomacy, mediation and good offices,
               peacekeeping, peacebuilding, and sustaining peace,
                     Underlining in this regard the importance of the implementation of the 2030
               Agenda for Sustainable Development, and recognizing that a strong focus is needed
               on combatting poverty, deprivation and inequality to prevent and protect children
               from all violations and abuses in particular in the context of armed conflict and to
               promote the resilience of children, their families and their communities, and the
               importance of promoting education for all and peaceful and inclusive societies for
               sustainable development,
                    Recalling that all parties to armed conflict must comply strictly with the
               obligations applicable to them under international law for the protection of children
               in armed conflict, including those contained in the Convention on the Rights of the
               Child and its Optional Protocol on the involvement of Children in armed conflict, as

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               well as the Geneva Conventions of 12th August 1949 and the Additional Protocols of
               1977,
                     Stressing the primary role of Governments in providing protection and relief to
               all children affected by armed conflict, and recognizing the importance of
               strengthening national capacities in this regard,
                     Emphasizing the vital role of the United Nations, in consultations with
               international partners and key stakeholders including regional and subregional
               organizations, to support national authorities in developing strategies for sustaining
               peace, conflict prevention and peacebuilding as well as to ensu re that these strategies
               strengthen coherence between political, security, human rights, development and rule
               of law activities, which remain the primary responsibility of Member States,
                     Recognizing the valuable contribution pertinent regional and subregional
               organizations and arrangements make for the protection of children affected by armed
               conflict,
                     Recognizing the important roles of both local and religious leaders and civil
               society networks in strengthening community-level protection, reintegration and
               combatting stigmatization of children, in particular girls, affected by armed conflict,
               including children born as a result of sexual violence in conflict,
                     Stressing that the best interests of the child as well as the specific needs and
               vulnerabilities of girls and boys should be duly considered when planning and
               carrying out actions concerning children in situations of armed conflict,
                     Stressing the importance of giving due consideration to child protection issues
               from the early stages of all peace processes, in particular the integration of child
               protection provisions, as well as of peace agreements that put strong emphasis on the
               best interest of the child, the treatment of children separated from armed groups as
               victims and focus on family and community-based reintegration,
                     Recalling the obligations of all parties to armed conflict applicable to them
               under international humanitarian law and human rights law, emphasizing that no child
               should be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily and calling on all
               Parties to conflict to cease unlawful or arbitrary detention as well as torture or other
               cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment imposed on children during
               their detention,
                     Recognizing the importance of providing sustainable, timely and appropriate
               reintegration and rehabilitation assistance to children affected by armed conflict,
               while ensuring that the specific needs of girls and boys as well as children with
               disabilities are addressed, including access to health care, psychosocial support, and
               education programmes that contribute to the well-being of children and to sustainable
               peace and security,
                    Taking note of ongoing international and regional initiatives on Children and
               Armed Conflict, including the international conference held in Paris in 2007 on
               protecting children from unlawful recruitment or use by armed forces or armed groups
               and the follow-up conference held in Paris in 2017, and the commitments during the
               conferences,
                     Reaffirming that quality education provided in a safe environment in conflict
               areas is essential in halting and preventing recruitment and re -recruitment of children
               contrary to the obligations of parties to conflict,
                    Recognizing, in this regard, the importance of countering, notably through
               education and awareness-raising, all recruitment methods utilized by non-state armed
               groups targeting children,

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                 Reaffirming its call on all parties to armed conflict to comply with their
           obligations under international humanitarian law, and underlining the importance of
           safe and unimpeded access of humanitarian personnel to civilians in armed conflicts,
           and reaffirming the Security Council’s role in promoting an environment that is
           conducive to the facilitation of humanitarian access to those in need,
                 1.    Strongly condemns all violations of applicable international law involving
           the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their
           re-recruitment, killing and maiming, rape and other forms of sexual violence,
           abductions, attacks against schools and hospitals as well as denial of humanitarian
           access by parties to armed conflict and all other violations of international law,
           including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law,
           committed against children in situations of armed conflict and demands that all
           relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and take special measures
           to protect children;
                 2.   Reaffirms that the monitoring and reporting mechanism will continue to
           be implemented in situations listed in annex I and annex II (“the annexes”) to the
           reports of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict, in line with the
           principles set out in paragraph 2 of its resolution 1612 (2005), and that its
           establishment and implementation shall not prejudge or imply a decision by the
           Security Council as to whether or not to include a situation on its agenda;
                 3.     Calls upon States and the United Nations to mainstream child protection
           into all relevant activities in conflict prevention, conflict and post -conflict situations
           with the aim of sustaining peace and preventing conflict;
               4.   Reaffirms the important role the Special Representative on Children and
           Armed Conflict can play in contributing to conflict prevention;
                 5.    Stresses the important role of the Special Representative for Children and
           Armed Conflict in carrying out her mandate regarding the protection of children
           affected by armed conflict, in accordance with relevant Security Council resolutions,
           and stresses in particular, within the context of her mandate, the importance of
           facilitating better collaboration among United Nations partners at the field level and
           between the United Nations and concerned Governments, and in supporting the UN
           Country Task Forces to enhance dialogue with concerned UN agencies, Governments
           and parties to an armed conflict, including by securing concrete commitments and
           advocating for appropriate response mechanisms, in this regard requests the Special
           Representative to continue engaging proactively with UN agencies, Member States,
           regional and subregional organizations, and non-state armed groups and calls on the
           Special Representative, together with relevant child protection actors, to compile
           comprehensive best practices in order to implement them when appropriate;
                 6.   Stresses the importance of regular and timely consideration of violations
           and abuses committed against children in armed conflict, in this regard welcomes the
           sustained activity of its Working Group on Children and Armed Conflic t and invites
           the Working Group to make full use of tools within its mandate to promote the
           protection of children affected by armed conflict, including through increasing
           engagement with concerned Member States, in light of ongoing discussions on
           enhancing compliance;
                 7.   Acknowledges that serious abuses and violations of human rights or
           violations of international humanitarian law, including against children, can be an
           early indication of a descent into conflict or escalation of conflict, as well as a
           consequence thereof;
                8.    Expresses its commitment to consider and use the tools of the United
           Nations system to ensure that early warning of potential conflicts translates into early,

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               concrete preventive action, including towards the goal of protecting chil dren and with
               a view to building sustainable peace, by or in coordination with the most appropriate
               United Nations or regional actor, in accordance with the Charter of the United
               Nations;
                     9.   Stresses that the prevention of conflicts remains a primary responsibility
               of States and actions undertaken within the framework of conflict prevention by the
               United Nations should support and complement, as appropriate, the conflict
               prevention roles of national governments;
                    10. Expresses concern at regional and cross-border nature of violations and
               abuses against children affected by armed conflict and requests Member States,
               United Nations peacekeeping, peacebuilding and political missions and United
               Nations country teams, and calls on regional and subregional bodies, within their
               respective mandates and in close cooperation with the Governments of the countries
               concerned, to establish appropriate strategies and coordination mechanisms for
               information exchange and cooperation on child protection concerns, in particular on
               cross-border issues, bearing in mind relevant conclusions by the Security Council
               Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict and paragraph 2 (d) of its resolution
               1612 (2005);
                     11. Encourages regional and subregional organizations and arrangements to
               continue mainstreaming child protection into their advocacy, policies, programmes
               and mission planning as well as to train personnel and include child protection staff
               in their peacekeeping and field operations and establish, within their secretariats,
               child protection mechanisms, including through appointing child protection focal
               points, as well as develop and expand regional and subregional initiatives to prevent
               violations and abuses against children affected by armed conflict;
                     12. Expresses deep concern at the high number of children killed or maimed,
               including as a direct or indirect result of hostilities between parties to armed conflict
               and of incidents of indiscriminate attacks against civilian populations, including those
               involving aerial bombardment, excessive use of force, landmines, explosive remnants
               of war and improvised explosive devices and use of children as human shields and
               urges all parties to comply with their obligations under international humanitarian
               law, in particular the principles of distinction, proportionality and the obligation to
               take all feasible precautions to avoid and in any event minimizing harm to civilians
               and civilian objects;
                     13. Calls upon all parties to armed conflict to allow and facilitate safe, timely
               and unhindered humanitarian access to children, respect the exclusively humanitarian
               nature and impartiality of humanitarian aid and respect the work of all United Nations
               humanitarian agencies and their humanitarian partners, without distinction, and
               strongly condemns the unlawful denial of humanitarian access and depriving
               civilians, particularly children, of objects indispensable to their survival, inc luding
               willfully impeding relief supplies;
                     14. Recalls the importance of ensuring that children continue to have access
               to basic services during the conflict and post-conflict periods, including, inter alia,
               education and health care, and urges Member States, United Nations bodies and civil
               society to take specifically into account girls’ equal access to education;
                     15. Strongly condemns attacks as well as threats of attacks in contravention of
               applicable international law against schools and/or hospitals, and protected persons
               in relation to them and reiterates its deep concern at the closure of schools and
               hospitals in situations of armed conflict as a result of attacks and threats of attacks
               and urges all parties to armed conflict to refrain from actions that impede children ’s
               access to education and to health services;

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                 16. Expresses deep concern at the military use of schools in contravention of
           applicable international law, recognizing that such use may render schools legitimate
           targets of attack, thus endangering children’s and teachers’ safety as well as children’s
           education and in this regard:
                (a) Urges all parties to armed conflict to respect the civilian character of
           schools in accordance with international humanitarian law;
                 (b) Encourages Member States to take concrete measures to deter the use of
           schools by armed forces and non-State armed groups in contravention of applicable
           international law;
                 (c) Urges Member States to ensure that attacks on schools in contravention of
           international humanitarian law are investigated and those responsible duly prosecuted;
                (d) Calls upon United Nations country-level task forces to enhance the
           monitoring and reporting on the military use of schools;
                 17. Stresses the need to swiftly address, notably through education and
           awareness-raising, all recruitment methods utilized by non-state armed groups
           targeting children and encourages Member States to exchange good practices to this
           effect;
                 18. Remains gravely concerned by the human rights abuses and violations of
           international humanitarian law committed by all non-state armed groups, including
           those who commit acts of terrorism, including abuses and violations such as mass
           abductions and sexual and gender-based violence, particularly targeting girls, which
           can cause displacement and affect access to education a nd healthcare services, and
           emphasizing the importance of accountability for such abuses and violations;
                19. Stresses the need to pay particular attention to the treatment of children
           associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those
           who commit acts of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating
           procedures for the rapid handover of these children to relevant civilian child
           protection actors;
                 20. Expresses grave concern at the use of detained children for information
           gathering purposes, and emphasizes that children who have been recruited in violation
           of applicable international law by armed forces and armed groups and are accused of
           having committed crimes during armed conflicts should be treated primaril y as
           victims of violations of international law, and urges Member States to comply with
           applicable obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and
           encourages access for civilian child protection actors to children deprived of liberty
           for association with armed forces and armed groups;
                 21. Urges Member States to consider non-judicial measures as alternatives to
           prosecution and detention that focus on the rehabilitation and reintegration for
           children formerly associated with armed forces and armed groups taking into account
           that deprivation of liberty of children should be used only as a measure of last resort
           and for the shortest appropriate period of time, as well as to avoid wherever possible
           the use of pretrial detention for children, and calls on Member States to apply due
           process for all children detained for association with armed forces and armed groups;
                 22. Welcomes the launch of a process to compile practical guidance on the
           integration of child protection issues in peace processe s and underlines the
           importance of engaging armed forces and armed groups on child protection concerns
           during peace processes and in the peacebuilding process and calls upon Member
           States, United Nations entities, the Peacebuilding Commission, and other pa rties
           concerned to integrate child protection provisions, including those relating to the
           release and reintegration of children formerly associated with armed forces or armed

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               groups, as well as provisions on the rights and well-being of children, into all peace
               negotiations, ceasefire and peace agreements, and in provisions for ceasefire
               monitoring, and taking into account children’s views, where possible, in these
               processes;
                     23. Calls upon Member States, United Nations entities, including the
               Peacebuilding Commission and other parties concerned to ensure that the views of
               children are taken into account in programming activities throughout the conflict
               cycle, and to ensure that the protection, rights, well-being and empowerment of
               children affected by armed conflict are fully incorporated and prioritized in all post -
               conflict recovery and reconstruction planning, programs and strategies as well as in
               efforts on peacebuilding and sustaining peace and encourage and facilitate
               consideration of the views of children in these processes;
                     24. Urges concerned Member States to mainstream child protection and ensure
               that the specific needs of girls and boys are fully taken into account at all stages of
               disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration processes (DDR), including through
               the development of a gender- and age-sensitive DDR process;
                     25. Urges concerned Member States, when undertaking security sector
               reforms, to mainstream child protection and ensure that the specific needs of girls and
               boys are fully taken into account, such as the inclusion of child protection in military
               training and standard operating procedures, including on the handover of children to
               relevant civilian child protection actors, the establishment of child protection units in
               national security forces, and the strengthening of effective age assessment
               mechanisms to prevent underage recruitment, while stressing in the latter regard the
               importance of ensuring universal birth registration, including late birth registration
               which should remain an exception;
                     26. Encourages Member States to focus on long-term and sustainable
               reintegration and rehabilitation opportunities for children affected by armed conflict
               that are gender- and age-sensitive, including access to health care, psychosocial
               support, and education programmes, as well as raising awareness and working with
               communities to avoid stigmatization of these children and facilitate their return, while
               taking into account the specific needs of girls and boys, to contribute to the well -
               being of children and to sustainable peace and security;
                     27. Stresses the importance of long-term and sustainable funding for mental
               health and psychosocial programming in humanitarian contexts and ensuring all
               affected children receive timely and sufficient support, and encouraging donors to
               integrate mental health and psychosocial services in all humanitarian responses;
                     28. Urges both local and religious leaders to publicly condemn and advocate
               ending and preventing violations and abuses against children, and to engage with
               governments, the United Nations and other relevant stakeholders to supp ort
               reintegration of children affected by armed conflict in their communities, including
               by raising awareness to avoid stigmatization of these children;
                     29. Welcomes the steps taken by a number of Member States to make
               international commitments to protect children affected by armed conflict, including
               through the ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of
               the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict and calls on Member States
               that have not yet done so to ratify this instrument;
                     30. Stressing the importance of accountability for all violations and abuses
               against children in armed conflict and calls on all States to continue to address
               impunity by efforts to strengthen national accountability mechanisms, including
               building investigative and prosecutorial capacities, ensuring that those responsible
               for violations and abuses against children are brought to justice and held accountable

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           without undue delay, including through timely and systematic investigation and
           prosecution, the results of which are made public, and ensure that all victims have
           access to justice as well as to the medical and support services that they need;
                 31. Emphasizes the responsibility of all States to put an end to impunity and
           to investigate and prosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity,
           war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against children and highlights in
           this regard the contribution of the International Criminal Court, in matters that are
           within its jurisdiction, and in accordance with the principle of complementarity to
           national criminal jurisdictions as set out in the Rome Statute;
                 32. Reiterates the Security Council’s readiness to adopt targeted and
           graduated measures against persistent perpetrators of violations and abuses
           committed against children, taking into account the relevant provisions of its
           resolutions 1539 (2004), 1612 (2005), 1882 (2009), 1998 (2011) and 2068 (2012) and
           to consider including provisions pertaining to parties to armed conflict that engage in
           activities in violation of applicable international law relating to the rights and
           protection of children in armed conflicts, when establishing, modifying or renewing
           the mandate of relevant sanctions regimes;
                 33. Recognizes the role of United Nations peacekeeping operations and
           political missions in the protection of children, particularly the crucial role of child
           protection advisers in mainstreaming child protection and leading monitoring,
           prevention and reporting efforts in missions, and in this regard reiterates its decision
           to continue the inclusion of specific provisions for the protection of children in the
           mandates of all relevant United Nations peacekeeping operations and political
           missions, encourages deployment of child protection advisers to such missions, and
           calls upon the Secretary-General to ensure that the need for and the number and roles
           of such advisers are systematically assessed during the preparation and renewal of
           each United Nations peacekeeping operation and political mission, and that they are
           speedily recruited, expeditiously deployed, and properly resourced where appointed,
           in a transparent manner, and encourages the United Nations Secretariat, including
           DPKO and DPA, to take into account child protectio n when briefing the Council on
           country-specific situations;
                34. Stresses the importance of mainstreaming the protection of children into
           the Secretary-General’s efforts to mobilize all partners and stakeholders in support of
           more effective United Nations peacekeeping;
                 35. Calls for the continued implementation by United Nations peacekeeping
           operations of the Secretary-General’s zero-tolerance policy on sexual exploitation
           and abuse as well as to ensure full compliance of their personnel with the United
           Nations code of conduct, reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to continue to
           take all necessary measures in this regard and to keep the Security Council informed,
           and urges Troop- and Police-Contributing Countries to continue taking appropriate
           preventive action, such as mandatory predeployment child protection training
           including on sexual exploitation and abuse, and to ensure full accountability in cases
           of such conduct involving their personnel;
                 36. Urges all United Nations entities, including peacekeeping missions,
           political missions, peacebuilding offices, United Nations offices, agencies, funds and
           programmes to give full attention to violations against children in the application of
           the Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support to non -United
           Nations Security Forces;
                 37. Urges all parties concerned, including Member States, United Nations
           entities, as well as financial institutions to support, as appropriate, bearing in mind
           national ownership, the development and strengthening of the capacities o f national

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               institutions and local civil society networks for advocacy, protection, reintegration
               and rehabilitation of children affected by armed conflict, particularly children
               released from armed forces and non-State armed groups, as well as national
               accountability mechanisms with timely, sustained and adequate resources and
               funding;
                     38. Reiterates its requests to the Secretary-General to continue to submit
               comprehensive annual reports to the Council on the implementation of its resolutions
               and Presidential statements on children and armed conflict and to ensure that in all
               his reports on country-specific situations the matter of children and armed conflict is
               included as a specific aspect of the report and expresses its intention to give its full
               attention to the information provided therein, including the implementation of
               relevant Security Council resolutions and the recommendations of its Working Group
               on Children and Armed Conflict, when dealing with those situations on its agenda;
                     39. Recognizes the link between abductions, recruitment, sexual violence and
               trafficking and that children in situations of armed conflict can be especially
               vulnerable to trafficking in persons in armed conflict and to these forms of
               exploitation, and encourages relevant parts of the UN system, and international and
               regional bodies, within their respective mandates to work to address this issue;
                    40.   Decides to remain actively seized of this matter.

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Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) [on children and armed conflict]

UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict|UN. Security Council. Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict|CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICTS|RIGHTS OF THE CHILD|CHILD SOLDIERS|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

S/73 [187] CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICTS
S/ X Children and armed conflict.


               United Nations                                                                      S/RES/2428 (2018)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                13 July 2018

               Resolution 2428 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8310th meeting, on
               13 July 2018

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling its previous resolutions and statements on South Sudan, in particular
               resolutions 2057 (2012), 2109 (2013), 2132 (2013), 2155 (2014), 2187 (2014), 2206
               (2015), 2241 (2015), 2252 (2015), 2271 (2016), 2280 (2016), 2290 (2016), 2302
               (2016), 2304 (2016), 2327 (2016), 2353 (2017), 2392 (2017), 2406 (2018), and 2418
               (2018),
                     Expressing grave alarm and concern regarding the conflict between the
               Transitional Government of National Unity (TGNU) and opposition forces which
               emanated from internal political disputes among the country’s political and military
               leaders that has resulted in great human suffering, including significant loss of life,
               conflict-induced food insecurity and threat of famine, displacement of more than four
               million people, and the loss of property, further impoverishing and disadvantaging
               the people of South Sudan,
                     Commending the continued efforts of the Intergovernmental Authority on
               Development (IGAD)-led High Level Revitalization Forum to facilitate the peace
               process in South Sudan, takes note of the Khartoum Declaration and the intention of
               the parties to continue negotiations, and urges all parties to engage to reach agreement
               on outstanding issues,
                     Strongly condemning past and ongoing human rights violations and abuses and
               violations of international humanitarian law, further condemning harassment and
               targeting of civil society, humanitarian personnel and journalists, emphasizing that
               those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law and violations and
               abuses of human rights must be held accountable, and that the TGNU bears the
               primary responsibility to protect its population from genocide, war crimes, ethnic
               cleansing, and crimes against humanity, and in this regard, urging the Government of
               South Sudan to expeditiously sign the Memorandum of Understanding with the
               African Union for the creation of the Hybrid Court for South Sudan,
                     Expressing deep concern at reports of misappropriation of funds that undermine
               the stability and security of South Sudan, and that these activities can have a
               devastating impact on society and individuals, weaken democratic institutions,
               undermine the rule of law, perpetuate violent conflicts, facilitate illegal activities,
               divert humanitarian assistance or complicate its delivery, and undermine economic
               markets,

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                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                    1.    Expresses deep concern at the failures of South Sudan’s leaders to bring
               an end to the hostilities and condemns the continued and flagrant violations of the
               17 August 2015 Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South
               Sudan (ARCSS), the 21 December 2017 Agreement on Cessation of Hostilities,
               Protection of Civilians and Humanitarian Access (ACOH), and the 27 June 2018
               Khartoum Declaration;
                    2.    Demands that South Sudan’s leaders fully and immediately adhere to the
               ARCSS, ACOH, and 27 June 2018 Khartoum Declaration and allow, in accordance
               with relevant provisions of international law and the UN guiding principles of
               humanitarian assistance, full, safe and unhindered humanitarian access to help ensure
               timely delivery of humanitarian assistance to all those in need;
                    3.    Reiterates that there is no military solution to the conflict;

               Arms Embargo
                      4.    Decides that, until 31 May 2019, all Member States shall immediately take
               the necessary measures to prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer to the
               territory of South Sudan from or through their territories or by their nationals, or using
               their flag vessels or aircraft, of arms and related materiel of all types, including
               weapons and ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment,
               and spare parts for the aforementioned; and technical assistance, training, financial
               or other assistance, related to military activities or the provision, maintenance or use
               of any arms and related materiel, including the provision of armed mercenary
               personnel whether or not originating in their territories;
                    5.    Decides that the measure imposed in paragraph 4 of this resolution sh all
               not apply to the supply, sale or transfer of:
                     (a) Arms and related materiel, as well as training and assistance, intended
               solely for support of or use by UN personnel, including the United Nations Mission
               in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS) and the United Nations Interim Security
               Force for Abyei (UNISFA);
                    (b) Non-lethal military equipment intended solely for humanitarian or
               protective use, and related technical assistance or training, as notified in advance to
               the Committee;
                    (c) Protective clothing, including flak jackets and military helmets,
               temporarily exported to South Sudan by UN personnel, representatives of the media
               and humanitarian and development workers and associated personnel, for their
               personal use only;
                    (d) Arms and related materiel temporarily exported to South Sudan by the
               forces of a State which is taking action, in accordance with international law, solely
               and directly to facilitate the protection or evacuation of its nationals and those for
               whom it has consular responsibility in South Sudan, as notified to the Committee;
                     (e) Arms and related materiel, as well as technical training and assistance, to
               or in support of the African Union Regional Task Force intended solely for regional
               operations to counter the Lord’s Resistance Army, as notified in advance to the
               Committee;
                     (f) Arms and related materiel, as well as technical training and assistance,
               solely in support of the implementation of the terms of the peace agreement, as
               approved in advance by the Committee;

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                 (g) Other sales or supply of arms and related materiel, or provision of
           assistance or personnel, as approved in advance by the Committee;
                 6.    Stresses the importance that notifications or requests for exemptions
           pursuant to paragraph 5 above contain all relevant information, including the purpose
           of the use, the end user, the technical specifications and quantity of the equipment to
           be shipped and, when applicable, the supplier, the proposed date of delivery, mode of
           transportation and itinerary of shipments;

           Inspections
                  7.  Underscores that arms shipments in violation of this resolution risk
           fuelling conflict and contributing to further instability, and strongly urges all Member
           States to take urgent action to identify and prevent such shipments within their
           territory;
                 8.   Calls upon all Member States, in particular States neighbouring South
           Sudan, to inspect, in accordance with their national authorities and legislation and
           consistent with international law, in particular the law of the sea and relevant
           international civil aviation agreements, all cargo to South Sudan, in their territory,
           including seaports and airports, if the State concerned has information that provides
           reasonable grounds to believe the cargo contains items the supply, sale, or transfer of
           which is prohibited by paragraph 4 of this resolution for the purpose of ensuring strict
           implementation of these provisions;
                 9.    Decides to authorize all Member States to, and that all Member States
           shall, upon discovery of items the supply, sale, or transfer of which is prohibited by
           paragraph 4 of this resolution, seize and dispose (such as through destruction,
           rendering inoperable, storage or transferring to a State other than the originating or
           destination States for disposal) of such items, and decides further that all Member
           States shall cooperate in such efforts;
                 10. Requires any Member State when it undertakes an inspection pursuant to
           paragraph 8 of this resolution, to submit promptly an initial written report to the
           Committee containing, in particular, explanation of the grounds for the inspections,
           the results of such inspections, and whether or not cooperation was provided, and, if
           prohibited items for supply, sale, or transfer are found, further requires such Member
           States to submit to the Committee within 30 days a subsequent written report
           containing relevant details on the inspection, seizure, and disposal, and relevant
           details of the transfer, including a description of the items, their origin and intended
           destination, if this information is not in the initial report;

           Targeted Sanctions
                11. Underscores its willingness to impose targeted sanctions in order to
           support the search for an inclusive and sustainable peace in South Sudan;
                12. Decides to renew until 31 May 2019 the travel and financial measures
           imposed by paragraphs 9 and 12 of resolution 2206 (2015), and reaffirms the
           provisions of paragraphs 10, 11, 13, 14 and 15 of resolution 2206 (2015);
                 13. Reaffirms that the provisions of paragraph 9 of resolution 2206 (2015)
           apply to individuals, and that the provisions of paragraph 12 of resolution 2206 (2015)
           apply to individuals and entities, as designated for such measures by the Committee
           established pursuant to paragraph 16 of resolution 2206 (2015) (“the Committee”), as
           responsible for or complicit in, or having engaged in, directly or indirectly, actions or
           policies that threaten the peace, security or stability of South Sudan;

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                    14. Underscores that such actions or policies as described in paragraph 13
               above may include, but are not limited to:
                    (a) Actions or policies that have the purpose or effect of expanding or
               extending the conflict in South Sudan or obstructing reconciliation or peace talks or
               processes, including breaches of the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in
               the Republic of South Sudan (“the Agreement”);
                     (b) Actions or policies that threaten transitional agreements or undermine the
               political process in South Sudan, including Chapter 4 of the Agreement;
                     (c) Planning, directing, or committing acts that violate applicable
               international human rights law or international humanitarian law, or acts that
               constitute human rights abuses, in South Sudan;
                     (d) The targeting of civilians, including women and children, through the
               planning, directing, or commission of acts of violence (including killing, maiming, or
               torture), abduction, enforced disappearance, forced displacement, or attacks on
               schools, hospitals, religious sites, or locations where civilians are seeking refuge, or
               through conduct that would constitute a serious abuse or violation of human rights or
               a violation of international humanitarian law;
                    (e) Planning, directing, or committing acts involving sexual and gender-based
               violence in South Sudan;
                    (f) The use or recruitment of children by armed groups or armed forces in the
               context of the armed conflict in South Sudan;
                     (g) The obstruction of the activities of international peacekeeping, diplomatic,
               or humanitarian missions in South Sudan, including the Ceasefire and Transitional
               Security Arrangements Monitoring Mechanism or of the delivery or distribution of,
               or access to, humanitarian assistance;
                     (h) Attacks against United Nations missions, international security presences,
               or other peacekeeping operations, or humanitarian personnel;
                    (i) Acting for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, an individual or entity
               designated by the Committee; or
                    (j) Engagement by armed groups or criminal networks in activities that
               destabilize South Sudan through the illicit exploitation or trade of natural resources;
                     15. Expresses concerns at reports of misappropriation and diversion of public
               resources which pose a risk to the peace, security, and stability of South Sudan,
               expresses serious concern at the reports of financial impropriety involving the TGNU,
               which pose a risk to the peace, stability, and security of South Sudan, and in this
               context, underscores that individuals engaged in actions or policies that have the
               purpose or effect of expanding or extending the conflict in South Sudan may be listed
               for travel and financial measures;
                     16. Reaffirms that the provisions of paragraphs 9 and 12 of resolution 2206
               (2015) apply to individuals, as designated for such measures by the Committee, who
               are leaders of any entity, including any South Sudanese government, opposition,
               militia, or other group, that has, or whose members have, engaged in any of the
               activities described in paragraphs 13 and 14 above;
                    17. Decides that the measures specified in paragraphs 9 and 12 of resolution
               2206 (2015) shall apply to the individuals identified in Annex 1 to this resolution;

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           Sanctions Committee/Panel of Experts
                 18. Emphasizes the importance of holding regular consultations with
           concerned Member States, international and regional and subregional organizations,
           as well as UNMISS, as may be necessary, in particular neighbouring and regional
           States, in order to ensure the full implementation of the measures in this resolution,
           and in that regard encourages the Committee to consider, where and when
           appropriate, visits to selected countries by the Chair and/or Committee members;
                 19. Decides to extend until 1 July 2019 the mandate of the Panel of Experts as
           set out in paragraph 18 of resolution 2206 (2015) and this paragraph, expresses its
           intention to review the mandate and take appropriate action regarding the further
           extension no later than 31 May 2019, and decides that the Panel should carry out the
           following tasks:
                 (a) Assist the Committee in carrying out its mandate as specified in this
           resolution, including through providing the Committee with information relevant to
           the potential designation of individuals and entities who may be engaging in the
           activities described in paragraphs 13, 14 and 15 above;
                (b) Gather, examine and analyse information regarding the implementation of
           the measures decided in this resolution, in particular incidents of non -compliance,
           with particular focus on the benchmarks outlined in paragraph 26 below;
                 (c) Gather, examine and analyse information regarding the supply, sale or
           transfer of arms and related materiel and related military or other assistance, including
           the financing modalities of such activities as well as procurement of these items
           through illicit trafficking networks, to individuals and entities undermining
           implementation of the Agreement or participating in acts that violate international
           human rights law or international humanitarian law, as applicable;
                (d) Gather, examine and analyse information on armed groups or criminal
           networks engaging in the illicit exploitation or trade of natural resources in South
           Sudan;
                (e) Provide to the Council, after discussion with the Committee, an interim
           report by 1 December 2018, a final report by 1 May 2019, and except in the months
           when these reports are due, updates each month;
                 (f) Assist the Committee in refining and updating information on the list of
           individuals and entities subject to the measures imposed by this resolution, including
           through the provision of identifying information and additional information for the
           publicly available narrative summary of reasons for listing;
                 20. Requests the Panel of experts to include the necessary gender expertise, in
           line with paragraph 6 of resolution 2242 (2015), and encourages the Panel to integrate
           gender as a cross-cutting issue across its investigations and reporting;
                 21. Calls upon all parties and all Member States, especially those neighboring
           South Sudan, as well as international, regional and subregional organizations to
           ensure cooperation with the Panel of Experts, including by providing any information
           on illicit transfers of wealth from South Sudan into financial, propert y and business
           networks and further urges all Member States involved to ensure the safety of the
           members of the Panel of Experts and unhindered access, in particular to persons,
           documents and sites in order for the Panel of Experts to execute its mandate;
                 22. Requests the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children
           and Armed Conflict and the Special Representative for Sexual Violence in Conflict
           to share relevant information with the Committee in accordance with paragraph 7 of
           resolution 1960 (2010) and paragraph 9 of resolution 1998 (2011), and invites the

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               High Commissioner for Human Rights to share relevant information with the
               Committee, as appropriate;

               Role of UNMISS
                    23. Recalls the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South
               Sudan (UNMISS) as outlined in resolution 2406 (2018), in particular paragraph 7 (c)
               regarding monitoring, investigating, verifying and reporting on abuses and violations
               of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law;
                    24. Encourages timely information exchange between UNMISS and the Panel
               of Experts, and requests UNMISS to assist the Committee and the Panel of Experts,
               within its mandate and capabilities;

               Review
                     25. Expresses its intent to monitor and review the situation at 90-day intervals
               from the adoption of this resolution or more frequently, as needed, and invites the
               Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission (JMEC) to share relevant information
               with the Council, as appropriate, on its assessment of the parti es’ implementation of
               the Agreement, adherence to the ARCSS, ACOH and 27 June 2018 Khartoum
               Declaration, and the facilitation of unhindered and secure humanitarian access, also
               expresses its intent to continue to impose any sanctions that may be appropriat e to
               respond to the situation, which may include the designation of senior individuals
               responsible for actions or policies that threaten the peace, security or stability of
               South Sudan;
                     26. Affirms also that it shall be prepared to adjust the measures co ntained in
               this resolution, including by strengthening through additional measures, as well as
               modification, suspension or lifting of the measures, as may be needed at any time in
               light of the progress achieved in the peace, accountability, and reconciliat ion process,
               and in light of the implementation of the parties’ commitments, including the
               ceasefire, and compliance with this and other applicable resolutions;
                    27.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Annex 1
           Travel Ban/Asset Freeze (Individuals)

           1.   Name: 1: MALEK 2: REUBEN 3: RIAK 4: RENGU
           Title: Lieutenant General Designation: a) Deputy Chief of General Staff for Logistics
           b) Deputy Chief of Defence Staff and Inspector General of the Army DOB: 1 Jan. 1960
           POB: Yei, South Sudan Good quality a.k.a.: Malek Ruben Low quality a.k.a.: na
           Nationality: South Sudan Passport no: na National identification no: na Address:
           na Other information: As SPLA Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, Riak was one
           of the senior officials of the Government of South Sudan who planned and oversaw
           an offensive in Unity state in 2015 that resulted in widespread destruction and large
           population displacement.

           Reason for listing:
           Malek Ruben Riak is being listed pursuant to paragraphs 6, 7 (a), and 8 of resolution
           2206 (2015), as reaffirmed in resolution 2418 (2018), for “actions or policies that
           threaten the peace, security or stability of South Sudan”; “Actions or policies that
           have the purpose or effect of expanding or extending the conflict in South Sudan ...,”
           and as a leader “of any entity, including any South Sudanese government, opposition,
           militia, or other group, that has, or whose members have, engaged in any of the
           activities described in paragraphs 6 and 7,” and pursuant to paragraph 14 (e) of this
           resolution for “planning, directing, or committing acts involving sexual and genderbased violence in South Sudan”.

           Additional information:
           According to the report by the Panel of Experts on South Sudan in January 2016
           (S/2016/70), Riak was one of a group of senior security officials who planned a Unit y
           state offensive against the SPLM-IO beginning in January 2015, and subsequently
           oversaw its execution from late April 2015 onwards. The Government of South Sudan
           began arming Bul Nuer youth in early 2015 to facilitate their participation in the
           offensive. Most Bul Nuer youth already had access to AK-pattern automatic rifles,
           but ammunition was critical to sustaining their operations. The Panel of Experts
           reported evidence, including testimony from military sources, that ammunition was
           supplied to youth groups by SPLA headquarters specifically for the offensive. Riak
           was the SPLA Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics at the time. The offensive resulted
           in systematic destruction of villages and infrastructure, the forced displacement of the
           local population, the indiscriminate killing and torturing of civilians, the widespread
           use of sexual violence, including against the elderly and children, the abduction and
           recruitment of children as soldiers, and large population displacement. Following the
           destruction of much of the southern and central parts of the state, numerous media
           and humanitarian organizations, as well as the United Nations Mission in South Sudan
           (UNMISS) published reports about the scale of the abuses that were perpetrated. ”
           2.   Name: 1: PAUL 2: MALONG 3: AWAN 4: na
           Title: General Designation: a) Former Chief of Staff of the Sudan People’s
           Liberation Army (SPLA) b) Former Governor, Northern Bahr el-Ghazal State DOB:
           a) 1962 b) 4 Dec. 1960 c) 12 Apr. 1960 POB: Malualkon, South Sudan Good quality
           a.k.a.: a) Paul Malong Awan Anei b) Paul Malong c) Bol Malong Low quality a.k.a.:
           na Nationality: a) South Sudan b) Uganda Passport no: a) South Sudan number
           S00004370 b) South Sudan number D00001369 c) Sudan number 003606 d) Sudan
           number 00606 e) Sudan number B002606 National identification no: na Address:
           na Other information: As Chief of General Staff of the SPLA, Malong expanded or

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               extended the conflict in South Sudan through breaches of the Cessation of Hostilities
               Agreement and breaches of the 2015 Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in
               South Sudan (ARCSS). He reportedly directed efforts to kill opposition leader Riek
               Machar. He ordered SPLA units to prevent the transport of humanitarian supplies.
               Under Malong’s leadership, the SPLA attacked civilians, schools and hospitals;
               forced the displacement of civilians; carried out enforced disappearances; arbitrarily
               detained civilians; and conducted acts of torture, and rape. He mobilized the Mathiang
               Anyoor Dinka tribal militia, which uses child soldiers. Under his leadership, the
               SPLA restricted UNMISS, the Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission (JMEC),
               and CTSAMM access to sites to investigate and document abuses.

               Reason for listing:
               Paul Malong Awan is being listed pursuant to paragraphs 6, 7 (a), 7 (b), 7 (c), 7 (d),
               7 (f), and 8 of resolution 2206 (2015), as reaffirmed in resolution 2418 (2018), for
               “actions or policies that have the purpose or effect of expanding or extending the
               conflict in South Sudan or obstructing reconciliation or peace talks or processes,
               including breaches of the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement ”; “actions or policies
               that threaten transitional agreements or undermine the political process in South
               Sudan”; “the targeting of civilians, including women and children, through the
               commission of acts of violence (including killing, maiming, torture, or rape or other
               sexual violence), abduction, enforced disappearance, forced displacement, or attacks
               on schools, hospitals, religious sites, or locations where civilians are seeking refuge,
               or through conduct that would constitute a serious abuse or violation of human rights
               or a violation of international humanitarian law”; “planning, directing, or committing
               acts that violate applicable international human rights law or international
               humanitarian law, or acts that constitute human rights abuses, in South Sudan ”; “The
               use or recruitment of children by armed groups or armed forces in the context of the
               armed conflict in South Sudan; “the obstruction of the activities of international
               peacekeeping, diplomatic, or humanitarian missions in South Sudan, including
               IGAD’s Monitoring and Verification Mechanism or of the delivery or distribution of,
               or access to, humanitarian assistance; and as a leader “of any entity, including any
               South Sudanese government, opposition, militia, or other group, that has, or whose
               members have, engaged in any of the activities described in paragraphs 6 and 7”.

               Additional information:
               Malong served as Chief of General Staff of the SPLA from April 23, 2014, to May
               2017. In his former position as the Chief of General Staff, he expanded or extended
               the conflict in South Sudan through breaches of the Cessation of Hostilities
               Agreement and breaches of the 2015 Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflic t in
               South Sudan (ARCSS). As of early August 2016, Malong reportedly directed efforts
               to kill South Sudanese opposition leader Riek Machar. Malong, knowingly
               countermanding President Salva Kiir’s orders, ordered the 10 July 2016 tank,
               helicopter gunship, and infantry assaults on Machar’s residence and the Sudan
               Peoples’ Liberation Movement in Opposition (SPLM-IO)’s “Jebel” base. Malong
               personally oversaw efforts from SPLA headquarters to intercept Machar. As of early
               August 2016, Malong wanted the SPLA to attack Machar’s suspected position
               immediately and informed SPLA commanders that Machar was not to be taken alive.
               In addition, in early 2016 information indicates that Malong ordered SPLA units to
               prevent the transport of humanitarian supplies across the N ile River, where tens of
               thousands of civilians were facing hunger, claiming that food aid would be diverted
               from civilians to militia groups. As a result of Malong’s orders, food supplies were
               blocked from crossing the Nile for at least two weeks.

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           Throughout his tenure as Chief of General Staff of the SPLA, Malong has been
           responsible for the SPLA and its allied forces’ perpetration of serious abuses including
           attacks on civilians, forced displacement, enforced disappearances, arbitrary
           detentions, torture, and rape. Under Malong’s leadership, the SPLA launched attacks
           directed against the civilian population and intentionally killed unarmed and fleeing
           civilians. In the Yei area alone, the UN documented 114 killings of civilians by the
           SPLA and its allied forces between July 2016 and January 2017. The SPLA
           intentionally attacked schools and hospitals. In April 2017, Malong allegedly ordered
           the SPLA to clear all people, including civilians from the area around Wau. Malong
           reportedly did not discourage the killing of civilians by the SPLA troops, and persons
           suspected of hiding rebels were considered legitimate targets.
           According to a 15 October 2014 African Union Commission of Inquiry on South
           Sudan report, Malong was responsible for the mass mobiliza tion of Mathiang Anyoor
           Dinka tribal militia, which Ceasefire and Transitional Security Arrangements
           Monitoring Mechanism (CTSAMM) documented use child soldiers.
           Under Malong’s leadership of the SPLA, the government forces regularly restricted
           United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS), Joint Monitoring and Evaluation
           Commission (JMEC), and CTSAMM’s access when they tried to investigate and
           document abuses. For example, on April 5, 2017, a joint UN and CTSAMM patrol
           tried to access Pajok but was turned back by SPLA soldiers.

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Security Council resolution 2428 (2018) [on renewal of sanctions imposed by Security Council resolution 2206 (2015) and extension of the mandate of the Panel of Experts on South Sudan until 1 July 2019]

UN. Panel of Experts on South Sudan Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 2206 (2015)|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 2206 (2015) concerning South Sudan|UN Mission in South Sudan|Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (2015)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|SANCTIONS|SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE|CEASEFIRES|ARMS EMBARGO|FROZEN ASSETS|TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|SOUTH SUDAN

S/73 [223] SOUTH SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/73 [216] UN MISSION IN SOUTH SUDAN
S/ X Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan.