               United Nations                                                                        S/RES/2566 (2021)
               Security Council                                                    Distr.: General
                                                                                12 March 2021

               Resolution 2566 (2021)
               Adopted by the Security Council on 12 March 2021

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling all of its previous resolutions, statements of its President, and press
               statements on the situation in the Central African Republic (CAR),
                     Expressing its grave concern at the deterioration of the situation in the Central
               African Republic due to armed group attacks in advance of and following the election
               of 27 December 2020,
                    Condemning in the strongest terms violations of the Political Agreement on
               Peace and Reconciliation in the CAR (“The Peace Agreement”) and violence
               perpetrated by armed groups and other militias, including violence aiming at
               obstructing the electoral process, incitement to ethnic and religious hatred and
               violence, violations of international humanitarian law and human rights violations
               and abuses, including those committed against children and those involving sexual
               and gender-based violence in conflict, as well as violence directed at civilians from
               specific communities, resulting in deaths, injuries and displacements,
                     Taking note of the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Central African
               Republic of 18 January 2021, ruling on the electoral challenges and proclaiming the
               election of President Touadéra, and calling on all stakeholders to respect the
               Constitutional Court’s decision, reaffirm their commitment to the cons olidation of
               democracy and the rule of law in the Central African Republic and contribute to a
               peaceful and credible conclusion of the electoral process,
                     Welcoming the roadmap for dialogue proposed by President Touadéra and
               calling for concrete steps from the government of the Central African Republic and
               all political actors to engage effectively in dialogue, resolve outstanding issues and
               conclude the electoral process through the organization of legislative and local
               elections, reiterating that only inclusive, free, fair, transparent, credible, peaceful and
               timely elections, undisturbed by disinformation and other forms of manipulation of
               information, can bring lasting stability to the CAR, including through the full, equal
               and meaningful participation of women, reaffirming the importance of the
               participation of the youth, and encouraging the CAR authorities, with the support of
               relevant partners, to promote the participation of internally displaced persons (IDPs)
               and refugees in accordance with the Constitution of the CAR,
                   Urging all signatory parties to the Peace Agreement to fully honour their
               commitments and join the path of dialogue and peace and stressing the urgent and

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               imperative need to end impunity in the CAR and to bring to justice perpetrators of
               violations of international humanitarian law and of violations and abuses of human
               rights, while encouraging the national authorities to continue their efforts to make the
               Truth, Justice, Reparation and Reconciliation Commission operational,
                     Welcoming the communique of the African Union Peace and Security Council
               after its meeting on the CAR on 16 February 2021, also welcoming the meeting of
               Heads of States held in Luanda on 29 January 2021, and encouraging continued and
               coordinated mobilization of the region, in particular the Economic Community of
               Central African States (ECCAS) and the International Conference on the Great Lakes
               Region (ICGLR), aimed at strengthening dialogue, easing tensions and seeking
               concerted political solutions to the crisis,
                     Expressing serious concern about the dire humanitarian situation in the CAR
               and the consequences of the security situation on humanitarian access, condemning
               in the strongest terms increased attacks against humanitarian workers, emphasising
               the current humanitarian needs of more than half of the population of the country,
               including civilians under threat from violence, as well as the alarming situation of
               IDPs and refugees, welcoming the collaboration between MINUSCA, UN agencies,
               the African Union, the World Bank, technical and financial partners of the CAR and
               NGOs to support development and humanitarian efforts in the CAR and their
               adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has exacerbated existing
               vulnerabilities, and calling on Member States and international and regional
               organisations to respond swiftly to the humanitarian needs identified in the
               humanitarian response plan through increased contributions and to ensure that all
               pledges are honoured in full and in a timely manner,
                     Stressing the valuable role of the Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) in bringing
               strategic advice, providing observations for the Security Council’s consideration, and
               fostering a more coherent, coordinated and integrated approach to international
               peacebuilding efforts, and encouraging relevant partners to support the efforts of the
               CAR authorities through the National Strategy for Recovery and Peace Consolidation
               (RCPCA) to lay the foundation of durable peace in the CAR and sustainable
               development of all regions of the country, to boost peace dividends for the population
               and development projects, including critical investments in infrastructure,
                     Condemning in the strongest terms all attacks, provocations and incitement to
               hatred and violence against MINUSCA and other international forces by armed
               groups or other perpetrators, paying tribute to the personnel of MINUSCA who
               sacrificed their lives in the service of peace, underlining that attacks targeting
               peacekeepers may constitute war crimes, calling on all parties to fully respect their
               obligations under international humanitarian law and urging the CAR authorities to
               work with MINUSCA to enhance the safety and security of MINUSCA’s personnel,
               including in line with resolution 2518 (2020), and to take all possible measures to
               arrest and prosecute perpetrators,
                     Taking note of the Report of the Secretary-General of 16 February 2021
               (S/2021/146), recommending an increase of 2,750 military and 940 police personnel,
               with the aim of enabling the Mission to enhance its capacity to prevent and reverse a
               further deterioration in the security situation while creating space for the political
               process to advance,
                     Reaffirming the basic principles of peacekeeping, such as consent of the parties,
               impartiality, and non-use of force, except in self-defence and defence of the mandate,
               recognising that the mandate of each peacekeeping mission is specific to the need and
               situation of the country concerned, underlining that the mandates that it authorises
               are consistent with the basic principles, reiterating that the Security Council expects

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           full delivery of the mandates it authorises, and recalling in this regard its resolution
           2436 (2018),
                 Taking note of the request of the CAR authorities to lift the arms embargo and
           of the positions expressed by ECCAS and ICGLR, reiterating its readiness to r eview
           the arms embargo measures, through inter alia suspension or progressive lifting, in
           the light of progress achieved on the key benchmarks established by the Security
           Council, and stressing the need for the CAR authorities to ensure physical protection ,
           control, management, traceability, and accountability of weapons, ammunition and
           military equipment transferred to their control,
                 Determining that the situation in the CAR continues to constitute a threat to
           international peace and security in the region,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                1.   Decides to increase the authorized size of MINUSCA’s military
           component by 2,750 and to increase the authorized size of MINUSCA’s police
           component by 940, from the current levels authorized in paragraph 27 of resolution
           2552 (2020);
                 2.    Stresses that these reinforcements are aimed at enhancing MINUSCA’s
           ability to perform its priority mandated tasks in the current evolving context, in
           particular protection of civilians and facilitation of humanitarian access, and at
           enabling the Mission to enhance its capacity to prevent and reverse a further
           deterioration in the security situation while creating space for the political process to
           advance, further stresses that these new capabilities are not a substitute for the
           national authorities’ primary responsibility to advance the peace process and protect
           the population, notes that these reinforcements should be sequenced through a phased
           approach, recalls the importance of cooperation between MINUSCA and the CAR
           authorities in line with its mandate, and requests the Secretary-General to review
           implementation, performance and necessity ahead of each phase as part of the reports
           requested in paragraph 54 of resolution 2552 (2020) and to include in its report of
           11 October 2021 a proposal on the overall configuration of MINUSCA’s Force;
                3.  Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that decisions regarding
           deployment of all personnel to MINUSCA adhere to:
                (i) peacekeeping performance requirements under resolutions 2378 (2017)
                and 2436 (2018), including greater utilisation of the Peacekeeping Capability
                Readiness System (PCRS) to ensure the recruitment and retention of qualified
                uniformed personnel;
                (ii) implementing resolution 2518 (2020), including by taking all appropriate
                measures to enhance the safety and security of MINUSCA’s personnel;
                (iii) implementing resolution 1325 (2000) and subsequent resolutions on
                women, peace, and security, including by seeking to increase the number of
                women in MINUSCA in line with resolution 2538 (2020), and requests further
                that such deployment ensure the full, equal and meaningful participation of
                women in all aspects of operations;
                (iv) the United Nations zero-tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse
                as well as to the provisions of resolution 2272 (2016);
                4.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2566 (2021) [on increase of military and police personnel for the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA)]

UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

S/76 [227] UN MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTEGRATED STABILIZATION MISSION IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
S/76 [181] CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC SITUATION
S/ X The situation in the Central African Republic.


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2567 (2021)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                12 March 2021

               Resolution 2567 (2021)
               Adopted by the Security Council on 12 March 2021

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions, statements of its President, and press
               statements concerning the situation in South Sudan,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity, and national unity of the Republic of South Sudan, and recalling the
               importance of the principles of non-interference, good-neighbourliness, and regional
               cooperation,
                    Affirming its support for the 2018 “Revitalised Agreement on the Resolution of
               the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan” (the Revitalised Agreement),
                     Stressing that the peace process only remains viable with the full commitment
               by all parties, welcoming in this regard encouraging developments in South Sudan’s
               peace process, and demonstrations of political will by the parties to the Revitalised
               Agreement in order to create the conditions necessary to advance the peace process,
               including agreement on the appointment of governors and other progress in the
               formation of state and local government structures,
                     Recognizing the reduction in violence between signatory parties to the
               Revitalised Agreement, and that the permanent ceasefire was upheld in most parts of
               the country,
                    Expressing appreciation for the leadership of the Intergovernmental Authority
               on Development (IGAD) in advancing the peace process for South Sudan and
               welcoming the commitment and efforts of IGAD and its member states, the
               Reconstituted Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission (RJMEC), the African
               Union (AU), the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), the United
               Nations (UN), and countries in the region to continue engaging with South Sudanese
               leaders to address the current crisis, and encouraging their continued and proactive
               engagement,
                    Welcoming the ongoing facilitation of political dialogue by the Community of
               Sant’Egidio between signatories and non-signatories of the Revitalised Agreement
               and encouraging all parties to continue their efforts to peacefully resolve disputes in
               order to achieve an inclusive and sustainable peace,
                    Reiterating its alarm and deep concern regarding the political, security,
               economic, and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan, taking note of the impact of the

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               COVID-19 pandemic, and emphasizing there can be no military solution to the
               situation in South Sudan,
                     Expressing concern regarding the delays in implementing the Revitalised
               Agreement and stressing the need to expeditiously finalize security arrangements,
               establish all institutions of the Revitalised Transitional Government of National
               Unity, including the national legislative assembly, and make progress on transitional
               reforms,
                     Strongly condemning all fighting, including violence and casualties that resulted
               from recent defections, and other violations of the 21 December 2017 “Agreement on
               Cessation of Hostilities, Protection of Civilians, and Humanitarian Access” (the
               ACOH) and the permanent ceasefire provisions of the Revitalised Agreement,
               welcoming the rapid assessment of violations by the Ceasefire and Transitional
               Security Arrangements Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (CTSAMVM),
               encouraging IGAD to share reports with the Security Council rapidly, and noting that
               the African Union, IGAD, and the United Nations Security Council demanded that
               parties that violate the ACOH must be held accountable,
                    Expressing grave concern regarding increased violence between armed groups
               in some parts of South Sudan, which has killed and displaced thousands, and
               condemning the mobilization of such groups by parties to the conflict, including by
               members of government forces and armed opposition groups,
                      Expressing grave concern at ongoing reports of sexual and gender-based
               violence, including the findings of the report of the Secretary-General on Conflict-Related Sexual Violence to the Security Council (S/2020/487) of the use of sexual
               violence as a tactic by parties to the conflict against the civilian population in South
               Sudan, including use of rape, sexual slavery and sexual torture for the purpose of
               intimidation and punishment, based on perceived political affiliation, and employed
               as part of a strategy targeting members of ethnic groups, and where conflict -related
               sexual violence and other forms of violence against women and girls has persisted
               after the signing of the Revitalised Agreement, as documented in the May 2020 report
               published by the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS)
               and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
               (OHCHR) on “Access to Health for Survivors of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in
               South Sudan”, noting that some progress was observed by South Sudanese parties
               through implementation of action plans to address sexual violence in conflict, and
               underlining the urgency and importance of timely investigations to support
               accountability and the provision of assistance and protection to survivors and victims
               of sexual and gender-based violence,
                     Alarmed by the dire humanitarian situation, the high levels of food insecurity in
               the country and likely famine in some areas, recalling its resolution 2417 (2018) that
               recognizes the need to break the vicious cycle between armed conflict and food
               insecurity, condemning attacks on the means of livelihood and intentional denial of
               access to food, which could amount to war crimes, further condemning the
               obstructions by all parties to civilians’ movement and to humanitarian actors’
               movement to reach civilians in need of assistance, expressing concern at the
               imposition of taxes and fees which hamper the delivery of humanitarian assistance
               across the country, noting with concern reports that forced displacement and denial
               of humanitarian access is exacerbating food insecurity for the civilian population,
                     Expressing serious and urgent concern over the nearly 3.8 million displaced
               persons and ongoing humanitarian crisis, 8.3 million in need of humanitarian
               assistance according to the 2021 South Sudan Humanitarian Needs Overview, and the
               estimated 7.2 million that will face severe food insecurity by mid-2021, according to
               the December 2020 Integrated Food Security Phase Classification report, and

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           commending United Nations humanitarian agencies, partners, and donors for their
           efforts to provide urgent and coordinated support to the population,
                 Strongly condemning all attacks against humanitarian personnel and facilities
           that resulted in the deaths of at least 124 personnel since December 2013, including
           the attack on the Terrain compound on 11 July 2016 and attacks against medical
           personnel and hospitals, noting with alarm the increasing trend of harassment and
           intimidation of humanitarian personnel, and recalling that attacks against
           humanitarian personnel and objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian
           population may amount to violations of international humanitarian law,
                 Strongly condemning all human rights violations and abuses and violations of
           international humanitarian law by all parties, including armed groups and national
           security forces, as well as the incitement to commit such abuses and violations,
           further condemning harassment, targeting, and censorship of civil society,
           humanitarian personnel and journalists, emphasizing that those responsible for
           violations of international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human
           rights must be held accountable, and that South Sudan’s government bears the primary
           responsibility to protect its populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing,
           and crimes against humanity, and expressing concern that despite the signing of the
           Revitalised Agreement, violations and abuses including rape and sexual violence
           continue to occur which may amount to international crimes, including war crimes
           and crimes against humanity,
                 Expressing grave concern regarding the reports on the human rights situation in
           South Sudan issued by UNMISS and the Secretary-General, further expressing grave
           concern that according to the AU Commission of Inquiry report on South Sudan,
           released on 27 October 2015, and the reports of the Commission on Human Rights in
           South Sudan, released on 23 February 2018, 20 February 2019, 20 February 2020,
           and 19 February 2021 war crimes and crimes against humanity may have been
           committed, emphasizing its expectation that these and other credible reports will be
           duly considered by any transitional justice mechanisms for South Sudan including
           those established pursuant to the Revitalised Agreement, stressing the importance of
           collection and preservation of evidence for eventual use by the Hybrid Court for South
           Sudan and other accountability mechanisms, and encouraging efforts in this regard,
                 Reiterating the urgent need to end impunity in South Sudan and to bring to
           justice all those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law and
           violations and abuses of human rights, stressing the importance of transitional justice
           measures, including those in the Revitalised Agreement, to end impunity and promote
           accountability, facilitate national reconciliation and healing, and ensure a sustainable
           peace, as recognized by Chapter V in the Revitalised Agreement, and in this regard,
           recognizing the operationalization of a Gender-Based Violence and Juvenile Court by
           the Judiciary of South Sudan, further recognizing the steps taken by the African Union
           to establish the Hybrid Court for South Sudan, as well as the work done to date by
           the UN, and acknowledging the approval by the Government of South Sudan (GoSS)
           to establish transitional justice mechanisms, including the Hybrid Court for South
           Sudan,
                 Strongly condemning the continued obstruction of UNMISS by the GoSS and
           opposition groups, including restrictions on freedom of movement, assault of
           UNMISS personnel, and constraints on mission operations, including restrictions on
           patrols and UNMISS efforts to, inter alia, monitor human rights conditions , many of
           which were reported by the Secretary-General as violations of the Status of Forces
           Agreement (SOFA) by the GoSS, and recalling that, according to the SOFA,
           UNMISS, as well as its contractors, shall enjoy full and unrestricted freedom of
           movement without delay throughout South Sudan by the most direct route possible

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               without the need for travel permits or prior authorization or notification, and the right
               to import equipment, provisions, supplies, fuel, materials, and other goods free of
               duty, taxes, fees and charges and free of other prohibitions and restrictions,
                    Recalling its resolution 2117 (2013) and expressing grave concern at the threat
               to peace and security in South Sudan arising from the illicit transfer, destabilizing
               accumulation and misuse of small arms and light weapons,
                     Noting the measures adopted by the Security Council in resolution 2428 (2018)
               and renewed in 2471 (2019), and 2521 (2020), recalling that individuals or entities
               responsible for or complicit in, or having engaged in, directly or indirectly, actions or
               policies that threaten the peace, security or stability of South Sudan, may be
               designated for targeted sanctions, further recalling its willingness to impose targeted
               sanctions, and stressing the critical importance of effective implementation of the
               sanctions regime, including its travel ban measures, and the key role that neighboring
               states, as well as regional and subregional organizations, can play in this regard,
               encouraging efforts to further enhance cooperation, and reiterating its readiness to
               consider adjusting measures, including through modifying, suspending, lifting or
               strengthening measures to respond to the situation,
                     Emphasizing that persistent barriers to full implementation of resolution 1325
               (2000), and subsequent resolutions addressing women, peace, and security, including
               resolution 2242 (2015), will only be dismantled through dedicated commitment to
               women’s empowerment, participation, and human rights, concerted leadership,
               consistent information and action, and support, to build women’s full, equal, and
               meaningful participation in all levels of decision-making,
                    Acknowledging the significance of the GoSS’s ratification of the Optional
               Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children
               in Armed Conflict, and welcoming the signature of the Comprehensive Action Plan to
               End and Prevent All Grave Violations Against Children by the GoSS,
                     Expressing ongoing concern on the severe restriction of freedoms of opinion,
               expression, and association, acknowledging the important role of those who protect
               and promote human rights, civil society organizations, journalists and other media
               workers in the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and
               expression and, in this context, expressing deep concern that violations and abuses of
               the right to freedom of opinion and expression continue to occur, and condemning the
               use of media to broadcast hate speech and transmit messages instigating violence
               against a particular ethnic group, a practice that has the potential to lead to widespread
               violence and exacerbate armed conflict,
                     Expressing serious concern about the dire situation of persons with disabilities
               in South Sudan, including abandonment, violence, and lack of access to basic
               services, and emphasizing the need to ensure that the particular needs of persons with
               disabilities are addressed in the humanitarian response,
                     Recognizing the adverse effects of climate change, ecological changes, and
               natural disasters, among other factors, on the humanitarian situation and stability in
               South Sudan, and emphasizing the need for comprehensive risk assessments and risk
               management strategies by the GoSS and the UN to inform programs relating to these
               factors,
                     Commending the work of UNMISS, and expressing its deep appreciation for the
               actions taken by UNMISS peacekeepers and troop- and police-contributing countries
               in implementing the UNMISS mandate in a challenging environment, including in
               protecting civilians, including foreign nationals, under threat of physical violence and
               to stabilize the security situation within and beyond UNMISS sites, and further

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                 expressing deep appreciation for UNMISS personnel for their extraordinary efforts in
                 the face of the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences,
                       Welcoming the commitment of the Secretary-General to enforce strictly his zerotolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse, noting the various measures taken
                 by UNMISS and troop- and police-contributing countries to combat sexual
                 exploitation and abuse, but still expressing grave concern over allegations of sexual
                 exploitation and abuse reportedly committed by peacekeepers in South Sudan,
                       Strongly condemning the attacks by government and opposition forces and other
                 groups on United Nations and IGAD personnel and facilities, the February 2016
                 attack on the Malakal protection of civilians site, the July 2016 attack on the Juba
                 protection of civilians site, and the Terrain Compound attack, the detention and
                 kidnappings of United Nations and associated personnel, the repeated attacks on the
                 UNMISS camps in Bor, Bentiu, Malakal and Melut, and the disappearance
                 purportedly caused by the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), and deaths of
                 three United Nations-affiliated national staff and one national contractor in Upper
                 Nile State, and the December 2018 detention and abuse of the CTSAMVM team by
                 GoSS officials, and calling upon the GoSS to complete its investigations of these
                 attacks in a swift and thorough manner and to hold those responsible to account,
                      Taking note of the findings of the independent strategic review of UNMISS
                 (S/2020/1224),
                      Taking note of the Report of the Secretary-General of 23 February 2021
                 (S/2021/172),
                      Expressing appreciation for the work of Special Representative of the Secretary
                 General for South Sudan and the Head of UNMISS Mr. David Shearer to advance
                 peace, security, and development in South Sudan, and welcoming the Secretary-General’s appointment of his successor, Mr. Nicholas Haysom,
                       Determining that the situation in South Sudan continues to constitute a threat to
                 international peace and security in the region,
                      Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

                 UNMISS Mandate
                      1.    Decides to extend the mandate of UNMISS until 15 March 2022;
                       2.    Decides that UNMISS’s mandate is designed to advance a three-year
                 strategic vision to prevent a return to civil war in South Sudan, to build durable peace
                 at the local and national levels, and to support inclusive and accountable governance
                 and free, fair, and peaceful elections in accordance with the Revitalised Agreement;
                    3.   Decides that UNMISS shall have the following mandate, and authorizes
                 UNMISS to use all necessary means to implement its mandate:

           (a)   Protection of civilians:
                      (i) To protect civilians under threat of physical violence, irrespective of the
                      source of such violence, within its capacity and areas of deployment, with
                      specific protection for women and children, including through the continued use
                      of the Mission’s Child Protection Advisers, Women Protection Advisers, and
                      uniformed and civilian Gender Advisers, the positions for which should be filled
                      expeditiously;
                      (ii) To deter violence against civilians, including foreign nationals, especially
                      through proactive deployment, active patrolling with particular attention to
                      IDPs and refugees, including, but not limited to, those in protection sites and

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                    camps, humanitarian personnel and human rights defenders, and identification
                    of threats and attacks against civilians, including through implementation of a
                    mission-wide early warning and response strategy that draws upon regular
                    interaction with civilians including with Community Liaison Assistants, and
                    working closely with humanitarian, human rights, civil society, and
                    development organizations, in areas at high risk of conflict, in particular when
                    the GoSS is unable or failing to provide such security;
                    (iii) To maintain public safety and security of and within UNMISS protection
                    of civilians sites, and where protection of civilian sites have been re-designated,
                    to maintain a flexible posture linked to threat analysis, contingency plans for
                    protecting sites in a crisis, and the ability to scale up presence and protection of
                    re-designated sites if the security situation deteriorates;
                    (iv) To deter, prevent, and respond to sexual and gender-based violence within
                    its capacity and areas of deployment;
                    (v) To exercise good offices, confidence-building, and facilitation in support
                    of the mission’s protection strategy, especially in regard to women and children,
                    including to facilitate the prevention, mitigation, and resolution of
                    intercommunal conflict through, inter alia, mediation and community
                    engagement in order to foster sustainable local and national reconciliation as an
                    essential part of preventing violence and long-term state-building activity;
                    (vi) To provide support for the relevant authorities and civil society
                    organizations in developing and implementing gender-responsive community
                    violence reduction (CVR) programs, in cooperation and coordination with
                    development partners and community representatives, with a particular focus on
                    women and youth;
                    (vii) Using technical assistance and capacity building to support the GoSS to
                    restore and reform the rule of law and justice sector, in order to strengthen
                    protection of civilians, combat impunity, and promote accountability, including
                    investigation and prosecution of gender-based violence and conflict-related
                    sexual violence, and human rights violations and abuses;
                    (viii) To foster a secure environment for the safe, informed, voluntary, and
                    dignified return, relocation, resettlement or integration into host communities
                    for IDPs and refugees when and to locations where conditions are condu cive,
                    including through monitoring of, ensuring respect for human rights by, where
                    compatible and in strict compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due
                    Diligence Policy (HRDDP), coordination with police services, security and
                    government institutions, and civil society actors in relevant and protectionfocused activities, investigation and prosecution of sexual and gender-based
                    violence and conflict-related sexual violence, as well as other human rights
                    violations and abuses, in order to strengthen protection of civilians, combat
                    impunity, and promote accountability;
                    (ix) To facilitate the conditions for safe and free movement into, out of, and
                    around Juba, including at the means of ingress and egress from the city and
                    major lines of communication and transport within Juba, including the airport;
                    (x) To promptly and effectively engage any actor that is credibly found to be
                    preparing attacks, or engages in attacks, against civilians, IDP camps, United
                    Nations protection of civilians sites, other United Nations premises, United
                    Nations personnel, or international and national humanitarian actors;

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           (b)   Creating the conditions conducive to the delivery of humanitarian assistance:
                      (i) To contribute, in close coordination with humanitarian actors, to the
                      creation of security conditions conducive to the delivery of humanitarian
                      assistance, so as to allow, in accordance with international law, including
                      applicable international humanitarian law, all humanitarian personnel full, safe
                      and unhindered access to all those in need in South Sudan and timely delivery
                      of humanitarian assistance, including IDPs and refugees, consistent with UN
                      guiding principles of humanitarian assistance, including humanity, impartiality,
                      neutrality, and independence;
                      (ii) To ensure the security and freedom of movement of United Nations and
                      associated personnel where appropriate, and to ensure the security of its
                      installations and equipment necessary for implementation of mandated tasks;

           (c)   Supporting the Implementation of the Revitalised Agreement and the Peace Process:
                      (i) Using good offices to support the peace process and implementation of the
                      Revitalised Agreement, including through advice, technical assistance, and
                      coordination with relevant regional actors;
                      (ii) Assisting all parties in the full, effective and meaningful participation of
                      women, youth, faith groups, and civil society in the peace process, transitional
                      government bodies and institutions, and all conflict resolution and
                      peacebuilding efforts;
                      (iii) Participating in and supporting the work of CTSAMVM, RJMEC, and
                      other implementation mechanisms in the implementation of their mandates,
                      including at the subnational level;
                      (iv) Using technical assistance to support mechanisms of the Revitalised
                      Agreement;

           (d)   Monitoring, investigating, and reporting on violations of international humanitarian
                 law and violations and abuses of human rights:
                      (i) To monitor, investigate, verify, and report immediately, publicly, and
                      regularly on abuses and violations of human rights and violations of
                      international humanitarian law, including those that may amount to war crimes
                      or crimes against humanity;
                      (ii) To monitor, investigate, verify and report specifically and publicly on
                      violations and abuses committed against women and children, including those
                      involving all forms of sexual and gender-based violence in armed conflict, and
                      accelerate implementation of monitoring, analysis and reporting arrangements
                      on conflict-related sexual violence and by strengthening the monitoring and
                      reporting mechanism for violations and abuses against children;
                      (iii) To monitor, investigate and report on incidents of hate speech and
                      incitement to violence in cooperation with the UN Special Adviser on the
                      Prevention of Genocide;
                      (iv) To coordinate with, share appropriate information with, and provide
                      technical support to international, regional, and national mechanisms engaged
                      in monitoring, investigating, and reporting on violations of international
                      humanitarian law and human rights violations and abuses, including those that
                      may amount to war crimes or crimes against humanity, as appropriate;
                       4.   Decides to maintain the overall force levels of UNMISS with a troop
                 ceiling of 17,000 personnel, and a police ceiling of 2,101 personnel, including 88

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               corrections officers, expresses its readiness to consider adjustments to UNMISS force
               levels and capacity-building tasks based on security conditions on the ground and
               implementation of priority measures in OP7 below;

               South Sudan Peace Process
                     5.   Demands all parties to the conflict and other armed actors to immediately
               end the fighting throughout South Sudan and engage in political dialogue, and further
               demands South Sudan’s leaders to implement the permanent ceasefire declared in the
               Revitalised Agreement and all previous ceasefire and cessation of hostilities
               agreements, including commitments in the Rome Declaration;
                      6.    Calls on parties to implement fully the Revitalised Agreement, establish
               its institutions without delay, and ensure full, effective, and meaningful participation
               of women, youth, faith groups, and civil society in all conflict resolution and
               peacebuilding efforts;
                    7.    Calls on the GoSS and all relevant actors to take action to fulfill the
               following priority measures before the end of UNMISS’s current mandate:
                    • Provide security to re-designated protection of civilian sites in a manner
                      consistent with its obligations under international human rights law and
                      international humanitarian law, and to appropriately vet all security forces
                      personnel involved in providing security at the re-designated sites,
                    • Completion of graduation of necessary unified forces, start of their effective
                      redeployment, and adoption of their unified command structure,
                    • End all obstructions to UNMISS, including, inter alia, obstructions that hamper
                      UNMISS carrying out its mandate to monitor and investigate human rights
                      violations and abuses, and immediately cease obstructing international and
                      national humanitarian actors from assisting civilians, and facilitate freedom of
                      movement for the CTSAMVM,
                    • Sign without further delay the Memorandum of Understanding with the African
                      Union to establish the Hybrid Court for South Sudan, start its effective
                      establishment, and set up the Commission for Truth, Reconciliation, and
                      Healing and the Compensation and Reparation Authority,
                    • Reconstitute the Transitional National Legislative Assembly and the Council of
                      States and initiate and oversee a permanent Constitution-making process, with
                      broad-based public consultations;
                     8.    Demands that the Government of South Sudan (GoSS) comply with the
               obligations set out in the SOFA between the GoSS and the United Nations, and
               immediately cease obstructing UNMISS in the performance of its mandate, and calls
               on the GoSS to take action, to deter, and to hold those responsible to account for any
               hostile or other actions that impede UNMISS or international and national
               humanitarian actors, reminds the GoSS that, pursuant to the SOFA, UNMISS does not
               require prior authorization or permission to undertake its mandated tasks, affirms the
               critical importance of the ability of UNMISS to use all of its bases without restrictions
               in order to execute its mandate including, but not limited to, its base in Tompin g,
               adjacent to Juba International Airport, which is essential for the Mission’s operations
               and security, and urges the GoSS to facilitate the smooth functioning of all UNMISS
               bases and to build an environment of mutual cooperation for UNMISS and its partners
               to conduct their work;
                     9.   Demands that all parties immediately cease all forms of violence, human
               rights violations and abuses, and violations of international humanitarian law,
               including rape and other forms of sexual and gender-based violence, and hold those

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           responsible accountable, in order to break the prevailing cycle of impunity, and calls
           on the GoSS to move forward expeditiously and transparently to complete the
           ongoing investigations of allegations of human rights violations and abuses in a
           manner consistent with its international obligations, encourages it to release the
           reports of those investigations; and calls on the GoSS to immediately condemn and
           counter increasing hate speech and ethnic violence and to promote reconciliation
           among its people;
                 10. Demands that all parties allow, in accordance with international law,
           including applicable international humanitarian law, the rapid, safe and unhindered
           access of relief personnel, equipment and supplies, and timely delivery of
           humanitarian assistance, to all those in need throughout South Sudan in particular to
           IDPs and refugees, and end use of hospitals, schools and other civilian premises for
           purposes that could make them subject to attack, stresses the obligation to respect and
           protect all medical personnel and humanitarian personnel exclusively engaged in
           medical duties, their means of transport and equipment, as well as hospitals and other
           medical facilities, stresses also that any returns or other durable solutions for IDPs or
           refugees must be undertaken on a voluntary and informed basis in conditions of
           dignity and safety, and notes that freedom of movement of civilians and their right to
           seek asylum should be respected;
                 11. Calls upon the GoSS to resolve housing, land and property issues for the
           realization of durable solutions for IDPs and refugees, including through efforts to
           develop a National Land Policy;
                12. Calls on parties to ensure full, effective, and meaningful participation and
           involvement of women in all spheres and levels of political leadership, the peace
           process, the transitional government, and ongoing reform processes under the peace
           agreement, and further calls on parties to recognize the need to protect women-led
           organizations and women peacebuilders from threats and reprisals, and fulfill the
           commitments set out on inclusivity, including in respect of national diversity, gender,
           youth and regional representation in the Revitalised Agreement, including the 35%
           minimum for women’s representation;
                 13. Demands all parties to the conflict and other armed actors prevent further
           commission of sexual violence, and to implement the actions called for in resolution
           2467 (2019) to adopt a survivor-centered approach to prevent and respond to sexual
           violence in conflict and post-conflict related situations and to hold those responsible
           accountable including through the prompt investigation, prosecution and punishment
           of perpetrators, as well as reparations for victims as appropriate and urges the SSPDF,
           the SPLA-IO, and the National Salvation Front (NAS) to implement the joint and
           unilateral commitments and action plans they have made on preventing conflict -
           related sexual violence;
                 14. Strongly urges all parties to armed conflict in South Sudan to implement
           the actions called for in The Conclusions on Children and Armed Conflict in South
           Sudan adopted by the Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed
           Conflict on 5 March 2021, urges all parties to fully implement the January 2020
           Comprehensive Action Plan to end and prevent all grave violations against children,
           and calls on the GoSS to implement the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the
           Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict;
                 15. Calls upon the GoSS, while taking note of paragraph 3.2.2 of Chapter V
           of the Revitalised Agreement, to hold to account all those responsible for violations
           and abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law, and to
           ensure that all victims of sexual violence have equal protection under the law, and
           equal access to justice, and to safeguard equal respect for human rights of women and
           girls in these processes, through the provision of legal aid and medical support and

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               psychosocial counselling, notes that implementing transitional justice measures,
               including those in the Revitalised Agreement, are key to healing and reconciliation,
               urges the GoSS to prioritize restoration and reform of the rule of law and justice
               sector, and calls on the international community to extend support to establishing the
               Hybrid Court for South Sudan;
                     16. Expresses its intention to consider all appropriate measures, as
               demonstrated by adoption of resolutions 2206 (2015), 2290 (2016), 2353 (2017), 2428
               (2018), 2471 (2019), and 2521 (2020), against those who take actions that undermine
               the peace, stability, and security of South Sudan, stresses the sanctity of United
               Nations protection sites, underscores that individuals or entities that are responsible
               for or complicit in attacks against UNMISS personnel and premises and any
               humanitarian personnel, may meet the designation criteria, takes note of the
               20 February 2018 Special Report of the Secretary-General on the renewal of the
               mandate of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (S/2018/143) that the steady
               re-supply of weapons and ammunition to South Sudan has directly affected the safety
               of UN personnel and UNMISS’s ability to carry out its mandate, further takes note of
               the AUPSC’s 8 February 2018 communique which states that signatories to the ACOH
               should be deprived of the means to continue fighting, and underscores the measures
               adopted by the Security Council in resolution 2428 (2018), including the arms
               embargo, to deprive the parties of the means to continue fighting and to prevent
               violations of the ACOH, and demands that all Member States comply with their
               obligations to prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer of arms and related
               materiel of all types, including weapons and ammunition, to the territory of South
               Sudan as set out in relevant Security Council resolutions;

               UNMISS Operations
                    17. Recalls its resolution 2086 (2013), reaffirms the basic principles of
               peacekeeping, as set forth in Presidential Statement S/PRST/2015/22, including
               consent of the parties, impartiality, and non-use of force, except in self-defence and
               defence of the mandate, and recognizes that the mandate of each peacekeeping
               mission is specific to the need and situation of the country concerned, and that the
               Security Council expects full delivery of the mandates it authorizes;
                    18. Requests the Secretary-General fully implement the following capacities
               and existing obligations in the planning and conduct of UNMISS operations:
                     (a) Strengthening the implementation of a mission-wide early warning and
               response strategy, as part of a coordinated approach to information gathering, incident
               tracking and analysis, monitoring, verification, early warning and dissemination, and
               response mechanisms, including response mechanisms to threats and attacks against
               civilians that may involve violations and abuses of human rights or violations of
               international humanitarian law, as well as to prepare for further potential attacks on
               United Nations personnel and facilities, and ensure gender-sensitive conflict analysis
               is mainstreamed across all early warning and conflict prevention efforts;
                    (b) Encouraging the use of confidence-building, facilitation, mediation,
               community engagement, and strategic communications to support the mission’s
               protection, information gathering, and situational awareness activities;
                      (c) Prioritizing enhanced mission mobility and active patrolling to better
               execute its mandate in areas of emerging protection risks and emerging threats,
               including in remote locations, and prioritize deployment of forces with appropriate
               air, land, and water assets, to support the mission’s protection, information gathering,
               and situational awareness activities;

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                (d) Ensuring that any future re-designations of protection of civilian sites are
           based on comprehensive security assessments that determine the necessary security
           conditions, the South Sudanese authorities assuming their primary responsibility to
           protect civilians and demonstrating the capacity to provide non-discriminatory
           protection to displaced persons on a site-specific basis, and continuing comprehensive
           community engagement, coordinated transition of service delivery, and support to the
           GoSS in preventing and responding to violence or criminality directed towards the
           inhabitants of those camps;
                 (e) Strengthening its sexual and gender-based violence prevention and
           response activities in line with resolution 2467 (2019), including by assisting the
           parties with activities consistent with resolution 2467 (2019), and by ensuring that
           risks of sexual and gender-based violence are included in the Mission’s data collection
           and threat analysis and early warning systems through engaging in an ethical manner
           with survivors and victims of gender-based violence, and women’s organizations;
                 (f) Assisting the Committee established pursuant to paragraph 16 of
           resolution 2206 (2015) and the Panel of Experts established by the same resolution,
           regarding the measures adopted in resolution 2521 (2020), including its provisions
           related to the arms embargo, and in particular encourages timely information
           exchange between UNMISS and the Panel of Experts;
                 (g) Prioritizing mandated protection activities in decisions about the use of
           available capacity and resources within the mission, according to resolution 1894
           (2009);
                 (h) Implementing women, peace and security priorities under resolution 1325
           (2000) and all resolutions addressing women, peace, and security, including by
           seeking to increase the number of women in UNMISS in line with resolution 2538
           (2020), as well as to ensure the full, equal, and meaningful participation of women in
           all aspects of operations, including by ensuring safe, enabling and gender-sensitive
           working environments for women in peacekeeping operations, taking fully into
           account gender considerations as a crosscutting issue throughout its mandate, and
           reaffirming the importance of uniformed and civilian gender advisors, gender focal
           points in all mission components, gender expertise and capacity strengthening in
           executing the mission mandate in a gender-responsive manner;
                  (i) Implementing youth, peace and security under resolution 2250 (2015), to
           develop and implement context-specific strategies on youth, peace and security and
           to ensure the full, effective and meaningful participation of youth, recognizing their
           vital role in the prevention and resolution of conflict and peacebuilding;
                 (j) Continuing to engage in dialogue with the parties to the conflict regarding
           the development and implementation of action plans, in line with resolution 1612
           (2005) and subsequent resolutions on children and armed conflict, and to support
           efforts aimed at releasing children associated with armed groups and forces in all
           parts of the country;
                 (k) Implementing peacekeeping performance requirements under resolutions
           2378 (2017) and 2436 (2018), as well as safety and security improvements under
           resolution 2518 (2020), and the Action Plan on improving safety and security related
           to the report on “Improving Security of United Nations Peacekeepers”, and principles
           to guide the COVID-19 vaccination of uniformed personnel in-theatre and prior to
           deployment in line with UN guidelines and best practices to improve safety of
           peacekeepers;
                (l) Implementing the United Nations zero-tolerance policy on serious
           misconduct, sexual exploitation and abuse, and sexual harassment, and all actions
           under resolution 2272 (2016);

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                     (m) Ensuring that any support provided to non-United Nations security forces
               is provided in strict compliance with the HRDDP, including the monitoring and
               reporting on how support is used and on the implementation of mitigating measures;
                    (n) Coordinating with all UN agencies, funds, and programmes on South
               Sudan, and to coordinate with regional organizations and other relevant stakeholders,
               including the Humanitarian Country Team and its associated bodies;

               United Nations and International Support:
                     19. Requests and encourages the Special Representative of the Secretary-General to direct the operations of an integrated UNMISS and coordinate all activities
               of the United Nations system in the Republic of South Sudan, and to exercise his or
               her good offices to lead the UN system in South Sudan in assisting the AU, IGAD,
               RJMEC, CTSAMVM, and other actors, as well as the parties, with implementation of
               the Revitalised Agreement and to promote, peace and reconciliation, underscores in
               this regard the critical role of CTSAMVM as well as the importance of the support
               provided to it by UNMISS in delivering on its mandate, and reaffirms in this regard
               the critical role that the UN plays, in coordination with regional organizations and
               other actors, to advance political dialogue between parties and contribute to ach ieving
               an enduring cessation of hostilities and lead the parties to an inclusive peace process;
                    20. Encourages continued firm engagement by IGAD, the AU, the AUPSC
               and countries in the region to find durable solutions to peace and security challenges
               in South Sudan, and to urge South Sudan’s leaders to meet without delay all
               commitments made under cessation of hostilities agreements and the Revitalised
               Agreement, and further encourages consultation between regional entities and the
               Secretary-General and his Special Representative on an action plan and common
               messaging to this end, underlines the support by IGAD of the national dialogue, in
               cooperation with the UN and AU, and urges IGAD to appoint a Chairperson for the
               RJMEC;
                     21. Urges all parties and Member States, as well as international, regional and
               subregional organizations to ensure cooperation with the Panel of Experts established
               by resolution 2206 (2015), and further urges all Member States involved to ensure the
               safety of the members of the Panel of Experts and unhindered access, in particular to
               persons, documents and sites in order for the Panel of Experts to execute its mandate;
                     22. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to make available technical
               assistance to the Commission of the African Union and to the GoSS in setting up the
               Hybrid Court for South Sudan and for the implementation of other aspects of Chapter
               V of the Revitalised Agreement, including with regard to the establishment of the
               Commission for Truth, Reconciliation, and Healing and the Compensation and
               Reparation Authority, emphasizing measures should be gender-responsive, inclusive,
               accessible, fully resourced and designed and implemented with women’s full and
               meaningful participation and leadership, and invites the African Union to share
               information on progress made in the establishment of the Hybrid Court for South
               Sudan, with the Secretary-General;
                     23. Commends the commitment of the troop- and police-contributing countries
               in implementing the Mission’s mandate in a challenging environment, and in this
               connection stresses that any national caveat that negatively affects the
               implementation of mandate effectiveness should not be accepted by the Secretary -
               General, requests troop- and police-contributing countries to implement relevant
               provisions of resolution 2538 (2020) on reducing barriers to and increasing women’s
               participation at all levels and in all positions in peacekeeping, including by ensuring
               safe, enabling and gender-sensitive working environments for women in
               peacekeeping operations, and highlights that lack of effective command and control,

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           refusal to obey orders, failure to respond to attacks on civilians, declining to
           participate in or undertake long-range patrols in remote parts of the country,
           inadequate equipment, and financial resources may adversely affect the shared
           responsibility for effective mandate implementation;
                24. Urges troop- and police-contributing countries to continue taking
           appropriate action to prevent sexual exploitation and abuse, including vetting of all
           personnel, pre-deployment and in-mission awareness training, to ensure full
           accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel, including through
           timely survivor-centered investigations of allegations of sexual exploitation and
           abuse by troop- and police-contributing countries to hold perpetrators accountable,
           and to repatriate units when there is credible evidence of widespread or systemic
           sexual exploitation and abuse by those units and to report to the United Nations fully
           and promptly on actions undertaken;
                 25. Calls upon the international community to scale up humanitarian response
           for the people of South Sudan to meet the severe and increasing range of humanitarian
           needs;
                 26. Stresses the ongoing need for bilateral and multilateral partners to work
           closely with the GoSS to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, and provide
           international assistance, as well as sustainable development assistance, in partnership
           with agencies of the UN development system;

           Reports:
                27. Requests the Secretary-General, in accordance with best practices, to
           conduct and provide the Security Council, no later than 15 July 2021, a needs
           assessment, including security, procedural, and logistical requirements to create an
           enabling environment for elections in South Sudan;
               28. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to report violations of the
           SOFA or obstructions to UNMISS on a monthly basis;
                 29. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on
           implementation of the UNMISS mandate and the obstructions UNMISS encounters
           in doing so in a comprehensive written report to be submitted within 90 days of the
           date of adoption of this resolution, every 90 days thereafter, and underscores that such
           reporting should include attention to:
               • Whether and how each of its activities undertaken pursuant to paragraph 3 have
                 contributed toward advancing the strategic vision described in paragraph 2, and
                 what challenges and obstacles the mission faced in advancing the strategic
                 vision, using the data collected and analyzed through the Comprehensive
                 Planning and Performance Assessment System (CPAS) and other strategic
                 planning and performance measurement tools to describe the mission’s impact.
               • Implementation of priority measures referenced in paragraph 7 above.
               • How it has implemented the capacities and obligations described in paragraph 18
                 in the planning and conduct of its operations.
               • Providing recommendations, where appropriate, for Security Council action to
                 address obstacles identified through strategic planning and performance
                 measurement tools;
                30.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2567 (2021) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) until 15 Mar. 2022]

UN Mission in South Sudan|Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (2018)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS IN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|INTERNAL SECURITY|SOUTH SUDAN

S/76 [216] UN MISSION IN SOUTH SUDAN
S/76 [223] SOUTH SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan.