               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/1974 (2011)
               Security Council                                               Distr.: General
                                                                              22 March 2011

               Resolution 1974 (2011)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 6500th meeting, on
               22 March 2011

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling its previous resolutions on Afghanistan, in particular its resolution
               1917 (2010) extending through 23 March 2011 the mandate of the United Nations
               Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) as established by resolution 1662
               (2006), and recalling also the report of the Security Council mission to Afghanistan,
               21 to 24 June 2010 (S/2010/564),
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and national unity of Afghanistan,
                     Stressing the importance of a comprehensive approach to address the situation
               in Afghanistan, and recognizing that there is no purely military solution to ensure
               the stability of Afghanistan,
                    Reaffirming its continued support for the Government and people of
               Afghanistan as they rebuild their country, strengthen the foundations of sustainable
               peace and constitutional democracy and assume their rightful place in the
               community of nations,
                     Welcoming the results of the Kabul International Conference on Afghanistan
               held on 20 July 2010 which constituted a milestone in the Kabul Process towards
               accelerated Afghan leadership and ownership, strengthened international partnership
               and regional cooperation, improved Afghan governance, enhanced capabilities of
               Afghan security forces, economic growth and better protection for the rights of all
               Afghan citizens, including women, and welcoming specifically the commitments
               made by the Afghan Government including the development of a framework,
               timelines and benchmarks for the new National Priority Programmes, progress
               towards transition to an Afghan security lead, improvement of governance and
               tackling of corruption,
                    Reaffirming also the commitments made at the London Conference
               (S/2010/65), which set a clear agenda and agreed priorities for the way ahead on
               Afghanistan, underpinned by a comprehensive strategy to be taken forward by the
               Government of Afghanistan with the support of the region, the international
               community and with a central and impartial coordinating role for the United
               Nations,

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                   Looking forward to the international Afghanistan Conference to be held in
               Bonn in December 2011, under the leadership of the Government of Afghanistan,
                     Reaffirming also in this context its support for the implementation, under the
               ownership of the Afghan people, of the commitments set out in the London and
               Kabul Conference Communiqués, of the Afghanistan National Development
               Strategy (ANDS) and of the National Drugs Control Strategy, recognizing the threat
               posed by illicit drug production, trade, trafficking to international peace and
               stability in different regions of the world, and the important role played by the
               United Nations Office on Drug and Crime (UNODC) in this regard, and noting that
               sustained and coordinated efforts by all relevant actors are required to consolidate
               progress made towards their implementation and to overcome continuing
               challenges,
                     Stressing the central and impartial role that the United Nations continues to
               play in promoting peace and stability in Afghanistan by leading the efforts of the
               international community, including, jointly with the Government of Afghanistan, the
               coordination and monitoring of efforts in implementing the Kabul Process through
               the Joint Coordination and Monitoring Board (JCMB) in support of the priorities set
               up by the Government of Afghanistan and expressing its appreciation and strong
               support for the ongoing efforts of the Secretary-General, his Special Representative
               for Afghanistan and in particular the women and men of UNAMA who are serving
               in difficult conditions to help the people of Afghanistan,
                     Recalling the conclusions of the Consultative Peace Jirga and welcoming the
               establishment of the High Peace Council and its outreach efforts both within and
               outside Afghanistan,
                     Recognizing the courage and dedication of millions of women and men who
               exercised their right to vote, in the face of serious security threats, in the 2010
               legislative elections, recognizing also the Afghan leadership in the elections,
               including the work of the Independent Electoral Commission and the Electoral
               Complaints Commission, welcoming the inauguration of a new Wolesi Jirga,
               recalling the Government of Afghanistan’s commitments at the Kabul Conference to
               long-term electoral reform, and stressing the need for completing electoral reforms
               in order to ensure that future elections will be transparent, credible and democratic,
               and reaffirming that Afghanistan’s peaceful future lies in the building of a stable,
               secure, economically self-sufficient state, free of terrorism and narcotics and based
               on strengthened democratic institutions, respect for the separation of powers,
               reinforced constitutional checks and balances and the guarantee and enforcement of
               citizens’ rights and obligations,
                     Welcoming the contribution of the International Contact Group to the United
               Nations efforts in coordinating and broadening international support for
               Afghanistan, in particular the outcome of the International Contact Group’s last
               meeting in Jeddah, hosted by the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC),
               which demonstrated the increasing support of regional and other countries for peace,
               stability and development in Afghanistan,
                     Stressing the crucial importance of advancing regional cooperation as an
               effective means to promote security, stability and economic and social development
               in Afghanistan, recalling the importance of the Kabul Declaration of 22 December
               2002 on Good-Neighbourly Relations (Kabul Declaration) (S/2002/1416);

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           welcoming, in this regard, the continued commitment of the international
           community to support stability and development in Afghanistan, noting international
           and regional initiatives such as the Istanbul “Heart of Asia” Summit, the
           quadrilateral Summit of Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan and the Russian
           Federation, as well as by the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and looking
           forward to the Fifth Regional Economic Cooperation Conference on Afghanistan
           (RECCA) to be held in Tajikistan in the fall of this year,
                Welcoming the efforts of countries that are increasing their civilian and
           humanitarian efforts to assist the Government and the people of Afghanistan and
           encouraging the international community to further enhance their contributions in a
           coordinated manner with the Afghan authorities and UNAMA,
                Welcoming also the agreement reached at the North Atlantic Treaty
           Organization’s (NATO) Lisbon Summit 2010 between the Government of
           Afghanistan and countries contributing to the International Security Assistance
           Force (ISAF) to gradually transfer lead security responsibility in Afghanistan to the
           Afghan National Security Forces country-wide by the end of 2014, taking note of
           the Declaration by NATO and the Government of the Islamic Republic of
           Afghanistan on an enduring partnership signed in Lisbon on 20 November 2010
           acknowledging the joint efforts under the Inteqal/Transition process, welcoming the
           progress made so far in preparing the transition of a first tranche of provinces and
           municipal areas, and looking forward to the continued implementation of the
           Transition process,
                 Recognizing once again the interconnected nature of the challenges in
           Afghanistan, reaffirming that sustainable progress on security, governance, human
           rights, the rule of law, and development, as well as the cross-cutting issues of
           anti-corruption, counter-narcotics and transparency are mutually reinforcing and
           welcoming the continuing efforts of the Afghan Government and the international
           community to address these challenges through a comprehensive approach,
                 Stressing the importance of a comprehensive approach in addressing the
           challenges in Afghanistan to a successful transition to Afghan security leadership
           beginning in early 2011, recognizing that security gains must be supported by
           progress in Afghan governance and development capacity and noting, in this
           context, the synergies in the objectives of UNAMA and of ISAF as also noted in
           resolution 1943 (2010), and stressing the need for strengthened cooperation,
           coordination and mutual support, taking due account of their respective designated
           responsibilities,
                Reiterating the need for all United Nations agencies, funds and programmes,
           through the Country Team mechanism and a “One-UN” Approach and under the
           guidance of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, to increase efforts
           to achieve greater coherence, coordination, efficiency and full alignment with the
           National Priority Programmes identified by the Government of Afghanistan,
                Stressing the need to further improve the reach, quality and quantity of
           humanitarian aid, ensuring efficient, effective and timely coordination and delivery
           of humanitarian assistance, including through enhanced coordination among the
           United Nations agencies, funds and programmes under the authority of the Special
           Representative of the Secretary-General and between the United Nations and other
           donors, especially where it is most needed, emphasizing in this regard the need for

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               all, within the framework of humanitarian assistance, of upholding and respecting
               the humanitarian principles, of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence,
                     Reiterating its concern about the security situation in Afghanistan, in particular
               the ongoing violent and terrorist activities by the Taliban, Al-Qaida, other violent
               extremist groups, illegal armed groups, criminals and those involved in the
               production, trafficking or trade of illicit drugs, and the strong links between
               terrorism activities and illicit drugs, resulting in threats to the local population,
               including children, national security forces and international military and civilian
               personnel,
                     Recognizing the continuously alarming threats posed by the Taliban, Al-Qaida,
               other violent extremist groups and illegal armed groups as well as the challenges
               related to the efforts to address such threats, and expressing its serious concern over
               the harmful consequences of violent and terrorist activities by the Taliban, Al-Qaida,
               other violent extremist groups and illegal armed groups on the capacity of the
               Afghan Government to guarantee the rule of law, to provide security and basic
               services to the Afghan people, and to ensure the improvement and protection of their
               human rights and fundamental freedoms,
                     Recalling its resolutions 1674 (2006), 1738 (2006) and 1894 (2009) on the
               protection of civilians in armed conflict, expressing its serious concern with the
               increased high number of civilian casualties in Afghanistan, in particular women
               and children casualties, the large majority of which are caused by the Taliban,
               Al-Qaida, other violent extremist groups and illegal armed groups, reaffirming that
               all parties to armed conflict must take all feasible steps to ensure the protection of
               affected civilians, calling for all parties to comply with their obligations under
               international humanitarian and human rights law and for all appropriate measures to
               be taken to ensure the protection of civilians, and recognizing the importance of the
               ongoing monitoring and reporting to the United Nations Security Council, including
               by ISAF, of the situation of civilians and in particular civilian casualties, taking note
               of the progress made by Afghan and international forces in minimizing the civilian
               casualties,
                     Expressing also concern with the serious threat that anti-personnel mines,
               remnants of war and improvised explosive devices pose to the civilian population,
               and stressing the need to refrain from the use of weapons and devices prohibited by
               international law,
                      Supporting the Afghan Government’s continued ban of Ammonium Nitrate
               fertilizer, and urging prompt action to implement regulations for the control of all
               explosive materials and precursor chemicals, thereby reducing the ability of
               insurgents to use them for improvised explosive devices,
                    Recalling the declaration addressed to the International Narcotics Control
               Board (INCB) by the Government of Afghanistan that there is no legal use for acetic
               anhydride in Afghanistan for the time being and that producing and exporting
               countries should abstain from authorizing the export of this substance to
               Afghanistan without the request from the Afghan Government, and encouraging,
               pursuant to resolution 1817 (2008), Member States to increase their cooperation
               with the INCB, notably by fully complying with the provisions of article 12 of the
               United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and
               Psychotropic Substances, 1988,

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                Recalling its resolutions 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000), 1674 (2006), 1738 (2006)
           and 1894 (2009) on the protection of civilians in armed conflict, its resolutions 1325
           (2000), 1820 (2008) and 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009) and 1960 (2010) on women and
           peace and security, and its resolution 1612 (2005) and 1882 (2009) on children and
           armed conflict, and taking note of the report of the Secretary-General (S/2011/55)
           on Children and Armed Conflict in Afghanistan,
                1.   Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of 11 March 2011
           (S/2011/120);
                2.    Expresses its appreciation for the United Nations’ long-term commitment
           to work with the Government and the people of Afghanistan and reiterates its full
           support to the work of UNAMA and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General;
                3.    Decides to extend until 23 March 2012 the mandate of UNAMA, as
           defined in its resolutions 1662 (2006), 1746 (2007), 1806 (2008), 1868 (2009), 1917
           (2010) and paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 below;
                 4.   Calls on the United Nations, with the support of the international
           community, to support the Government of Afghanistan’s National Priority
           Programmes covering the issues of security, governance, justice and economic and
           social development and to support the full implementation of mutual commitments
           made on these issues at the Kabul and London Conferences, as well as on
           continuing implementation of the National Drug Control Strategy, and requests that
           UNAMA assist the Government of Afghanistan on its way towards Afghan
           leadership, as defined by the Kabul process;
                 5.   Decides further that UNAMA and the Special Representative of the
           Secretary-General, within their mandate and guided by the principle of reinforcing
           Afghan sovereignty, ownership and leadership, will continue to lead the
           international civilian efforts, in accordance with the London and Kabul Conference
           Communiqués, and with a particular focus on the priorities laid out below:
                 (a) promote, as co-chair of the Joint Coordination and Monitoring Board
           (JCMB), more coherent support by the international community to the Afghan
           Government’s development and governance priorities, including through supporting
           the ongoing development of the new National Priority Programmes, mobilization of
           resources, coordination of international donors and organizations, and direction of
           the contributions of United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, in particular
           for counter-narcotics, reconstruction and development activities; at the same time,
           support efforts to increase the proportion of development aid delivered through the
           Afghan Government, and support efforts to increase the transparency and
           effectiveness of the Afghan Government’s use of such resources;
                 (b) strengthen the cooperation with ISAF and the NATO Senior Civilian
           Representative at all levels and throughout the country in support of the transition to
           Afghan leadership agreed to at the Kabul and London Conferences and the Lisbon
           Summit, in a sustainable manner to ensure the protection and promotion of the
           rights of all Afghans, in accordance with their existing mandates, in order to
           improve civil-military coordination, to facilitate the timely exchange of information
           and, to ensure coherence between the activities of national and international security
           forces and of civilian actors in support of an Afghan-led development and
           stabilization process, including through engagement with provincial reconstruction

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               teams and engagement with non-governmental organizations, in particular through
               its participation on the Joint Afghan-NATO Inteqal Board (JANIB) as an observer;
                    (c) provide outreach as well as good offices to support, if requested by the
               Afghan Government, the Afghan-led process of peace and reconciliation, including
               through the implementation of the Afghan Peace and Reintegration Programme and
               proposing and supporting confidence building measures within the framework of the
               Afghan constitution and with full respect for the implementation of measures and
               application of the procedures introduced by the Security Council in its resolutions
               1267 (1999), 1822 (2008) and 1904 (2009) as well as other relevant resolutions of
               the Council;
                     (d) support, at the request of the Afghan authorities, the organization of
               future Afghan elections, as well as supporting work on the sustainability and
               integrity of the electoral process, as agreed at the London and Kabul Conferences;
               and provide capacity building and technical assistance to the Afghan institutions
               involved in this process;
                     6.    Also reaffirms that UNAMA and the Special Representative will continue
               to lead international civilian efforts in the following priority areas:
                   (a) support regional cooperation to work towards a stable and prosperous
               Afghanistan, building on the achievements made;
                     (b) through a strengthened UNAMA presence, promote, in support of the
               Afghan Government’s efforts, implementation of the Kabul Process throughout the
               country including through enhanced cooperation with the United Nations Office on
               Drugs and Crime, and facilitate inclusion in and understanding of the Government’s
               policies;
                     (c) support the efforts of the Afghan Government to improve governance and
               the rule of law including transitional justice, budget execution and the fight against
               corruption, throughout the country in accordance with the Kabul Process, with a
               view to helping bring the benefits of peace and the delivery of services in a timely
               and sustainable manner;
                     (d) continue, with the support of the Office of the United Nations High
               Commissioner for Human Rights, to cooperate with the Afghan Independent Human
               Rights Commission (AIHRC), to cooperate also with the Afghan Government and
               relevant international and local non-governmental organizations to monitor the
               situation of civilians, to coordinate efforts to ensure their protection, to promote
               accountability, and to assist in the full implementation of the fundamental freedoms
               and human rights provisions of the Afghan Constitution and international treaties to
               which Afghanistan is a State party, in particular those regarding the full enjoyment
               by women of their human rights;
                     (e) to coordinate and facilitate the delivery of humanitarian assistance, in
               support of the Afghan Government and in accordance with humanitarian principles,
               with a view to building the capacity of the Government so it can assume the central
               and coordinating role in the future, including by providing effective support to
               national and local authorities in assisting and protecting internally displaced persons
               and to creating conditions conducive to the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable
               return of refugees and internally displaced persons;

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                 7.   Calls upon all Afghan and international parties to coordinate with
           UNAMA in the implementation of its mandate and in efforts to promote the security
           and freedom of movement of United Nations and associated personnel throughout
           the country;
                8.    Reiterates the need to ensure security of United Nations staff and its
           support for the measures already taken by the Secretary-General in this regard;
                 9.    Stresses the importance of a strong presence of UNAMA and other
           United Nations agencies, funds and programmes in the provinces, encourages the
           Secretary-General to continue his current efforts to take necessary measures to
           address the security issues associated with their presence, and strongly supports the
           authority of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General in the coordination
           of all activities of United Nations agencies, funds and programmes in Afghanistan;
                 10. Underscores the importance of a sustainable democratic development in
           Afghanistan with all Afghan institutions acting within their clearly defined areas of
           competence, in accordance with the relevant laws and the Afghan Constitution and
           welcomes, in this regard, the commitment of the Government of Afghanistan to
           work closely with the United Nations to build on the lessons learned from the 2009
           and 2010 elections to deliver further improvements to the electoral process,
           including addressing the sustainability of the electoral process, and, taking into
           account the commitments made at the London and Kabul Conferences, reaffirms
           UNAMA’s leading role in supporting, at the request of the Afghan Government, the
           realization of these commitments, and requests that, upon the request of the
           Government of Afghanistan, UNAMA provide technical assistance to the relevant
           Afghan institutions to support constructive electoral reforms; and further calls upon
           members of the international community to provide assistance as appropriate;
                 11. Welcomes the renewed efforts of the Afghan Government, including
           through the national Consultative Peace Jirga held in June 2010, the establishment
           of the High Peace Council and the implementation of the Afghanistan Peace and
           Reintegration Programme, to promote dialogue with those elements in opposition to
           the Government who are ready to renounce violence, break ties with Al-Qaida and
           other terrorist organizations, denounce terrorism and accept the Afghan
           Constitution, particularly as it relates to gender and human rights issues, and
           encourages the Government of Afghanistan to make use of UNAMA’s good offices
           to support this process as appropriate, in full respect of the implementation of
           measures and procedures introduced by the Security Council in its resolution 1267
           (1999), 1822 (2008) and 1904 (2009) as well as other relevant resolutions of the
           Council, also welcomes the measures taken by the Government of Afghanistan, and
           encourages it to continue to increase the participation of women, minorities and
           civil society in outreach and consultation processes, and recalls that women can
           play a vital role in the peace process, as recognized in Security Council resolution
           1325 (2010) and related resolutions;
                12. Stresses the role of UNAMA in supporting the process of peace and
           reconciliation, including the Afghan Peace and Reintegration Programme, as
           mandated in this Resolution, and encourages the international community to assist
           the efforts of the Government of Afghanistan in this regard including through
           continued support to the Peace and Reintegration Trust Fund and, in this context,
           notes the conference on reintegration to be hosted by the Afghan Government in
           Kabul in the spring of this year;

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                     13. Welcomes ongoing efforts by the Government of Afghanistan, its
               neighbouring and regional partners and international organizations including the
               Organization of the Islamic Conference to foster trust and cooperation with each
               other as well as recent cooperation initiatives developed by the countries concerned
               and regional organizations, including the Fifth Trilateral Summit of Afghanistan,
               Pakistan and Turkey held in Istanbul and the results of the latest Istanbul
               Conference of 3 November 2010, notes the proposed Afghanistan Regional
               Conference to be organized by Turkey and looks forward to the Fifth Regional
               Economic Cooperation Conference on Afghanistan (RECCA) to be held in
               Tajikistan in the fall of this year, further welcomes the reaffirmation in the Kabul
               Conference Communiqué of the principles set out in the Good Neighbourly
               Relations Declaration of 2002, and stresses the importance of increasing
               cooperation between Afghanistan and its partners against the Taliban, Al-Qaida,
               other violent extremist groups and illegal armed groups, in promoting peace and
               prosperity in Afghanistan and in fostering cooperation in the economic and
               development sectors as a means to achieve the full integration of Afghanistan into
               regional dynamics and the global economy;
                     14. Reaffirms the central role played by the JCMB in coordinating,
               facilitating and monitoring the implementation of the Afghanistan National
               Development Strategy (ANDS) and the National Priority Programmes and calls
               upon all relevant actors to enhance their cooperation with the JCMB in this regard
               with a view to further improve its efficiency;
                    15. Calls on international donors and organizations and the Afghan
               Government to adhere to their commitments made at the Kabul Conference and
               previous international conferences, and reiterates the importance of further efforts
               in improving aid coordination and effectiveness, including by ensuring transparency,
               combating corruption; and enhancing the capacity of Government of Afghanistan to
               coordinate aid;
                     16. Calls upon the Afghan Government, with the assistance of the
               international community, including ISAF and the Operation Enduring Freedom
               coalition, in accordance with their respective designated responsibilities as they
               evolve, to continue to address the threat to the security and stability of Afghanistan
               posed by the Taliban, Al-Qaida, other violent extremist groups, illegal armed
               groups, criminals and those involved in the production, trafficking or trade of illicit
               drugs;
                     17. Condemns in the strongest terms all attacks, including Improvised
               Explosive Device attacks, suicide attacks, assassinations and abductions, targeting
               civilians and Afghan and international forces and their deleterious effect on the
               stabilization, reconstruction and development efforts in Afghanistan, and condemns
               further the use by the Taliban and other extremist groups of civilians as human
               shields;
                     18. Condemns also attacks against humanitarian workers, emphasizing that
               the attacks impede efforts to aid the people of Afghanistan, and underlines the need
               for all parties to ensure safe and unhindered access of all humanitarian actors,
               including United Nations staff and associated personnel, and comply fully with
               applicable international humanitarian law;

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                 19. Welcomes the achievements to date in the implementation of the Mine
           Action Programme of Afghanistan, and encourages the Government of Afghanistan,
           with the support of the United Nations and all the relevant actors, to continue its
           efforts towards the removal of anti-personnel landmines, anti-tank landmines and
           explosive remnants of war in order to reduce the threats posed to human life and
           peace and security in the country; and expresses the need to provide assistance for
           the care, rehabilitation, and economic and social reintegration of victims, including
           persons with disabilities;
                 20. Recognizes the progress made by ISAF and other international forces in
           minimizing the risk of civilian casualties, as described in the 9 March 2011
           UNAMA report on the protection of civilians in armed conflict, and calls on them to
           continue to take robust efforts in this regard, notably by the continuous review of
           tactics and procedures and the conduct of after-action reviews and investigations in
           cooperation with the Afghan Government in cases where civilian casualties have
           occurred and when the Afghan Government finds these joint investigations
           appropriate;
                21. Emphasizes the importance of ensuring access for relevant organizations,
           as applicable, to all prisons and places of detention in Afghanistan, and calls for full
           respect for relevant international law including humanitarian law and human rights
           law;
                 22. Expresses its strong concern about the recruitment and use of children by
           Taliban forces in Afghanistan as well as the killing and maiming of children as a
           result of the conflict, reiterates its strong condemnation of the recruitment and use
           of child soldiers in violation of applicable international law and all other violations
           and abuses committed against children in situations of armed conflict, in particular
           attacks against schools, education and health care facilities, and the use of children
           in suicide attacks, calls for those responsible to be brought to justice, stresses the
           importance of implementing Security Council resolution 1612 (2005) and 1882
           (2009), in this context, and requests the Secretary-General to continue to strengthen
           the child protection component of UNAMA, in particular through the appointment
           of child protection advisers;
                 23. Welcomes the recent signing of a comprehensive, time-bound and
           verifiable Action Plan between the Government of Afghanistan and the United
           Nations to halt the use and recruitment of children into the Afghan National Security
           Forces;
                 24. Reiterates the importance of increasing, in a comprehensive framework,
           the functionality, professionalism and accountability of the Afghan security sector
           through appropriate vetting procedures, training, mentoring, equipping and
           empowerment efforts, for both women and men, in order to accelerate progress
           towards the goal of self-sufficient and ethnically balanced Afghan security forces
           providing security and ensuring the rule of law throughout the country;
                 25. Welcomes in this context the continued progress in the development of
           the Afghan National Army and its improved ability to plan and undertake
           operations, and encourages sustained training efforts, including through the
           contribution of trainers, resources and Operational Mentoring and Liaison Teams
           through the NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan, and advice in developing a

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               sustainable defence planning process as well as assistance in defence reform
               initiatives;
                    26. Takes note of the ongoing efforts of the Afghan authorities to enhance the
               capabilities of the Afghan National Police, calls for further efforts towards that goal
               and stresses the importance, in this context, of international assistance through
               financial support and provision of trainers and mentors, including the contribution
               of the NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan, the European Gendarmerie Force
               (EGF) contribution to this mission and the European Union through its police
               mission (EUPOL Afghanistan);
                     27. Welcomes the progress in the implementation by the Afghan Government
               of the programme of disbandment of illegal armed groups and its integration with
               the Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Programme, and calls for accelerated and
               harmonized efforts for further progress, with support from the international
               community;
                     28. Takes note of the recent progress in addressing and the drop in opium
               production, remains concerned at the serious harm that opium cultivation,
               production and trafficking and consumption continue to cause to the security,
               development and governance of Afghanistan as well as to the region and
               internationally, calls on the Afghan Government, with the assistance of the
               international community, to accelerate the implementation of the National Drug
               Control Strategy, including through alternative livelihood programmes, and to
               mainstream counter-narcotics throughout national programmes, and encourages
               additional international support for the four priorities identified in that Strategy;
               commends the support provided by the UNODC to the Triangular Initiative and the
               Central Asian Regional Coordination and Information Centre (CARICC) within the
               framework of the Paris Pact Initiative and the Rainbow Strategy; as well as the
               contribution of Domodedovo Police Academy of Russia;
                     29. Calls upon States to strengthen international and regional cooperation to
               counter the threat to the international community posed by the production,
               trafficking, and consumption of illicit drugs originating in Afghanistan, in
               accordance with the principle of common and shared responsibility in addressing the
               drug problem of Afghanistan including through strengthening the law enforcement
               capacity and cooperation against the trafficking in illicit drugs and precursor
               chemicals and money-laundering and corruption linked to such trafficking, notes the
               proposed Third Ministerial Conference on Drug Trafficking Routes from
               Afghanistan to be held in 2011 within the framework of the Paris Pact initiative and
               its “Paris-Moscow” process, and, in this regard, calls for full implementation of its
               resolution 1817 (2008);
                     30. Calls for the continuation of the Paris Pact initiative in countering the
               production, trafficking and consumption of opium and heroin from Afghanistan and
               the elimination of poppy crops, drug laboratories and stores as well as the
               interception of drug convoys, underlines the importance of border management
               cooperation and welcomes the intensified cooperation of the relevant United Nations
               institutions with the OSCE and the Collective Security Treaty Organization in this
               regard;
                    31. Reiterates the importance of the full, sequenced, timely and coordinated
               implementation of the National Priority Programme on Law and Justice for All, by

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           all the relevant Afghan institutions and other actors in view of accelerating the
           establishment of a fair and transparent justice system, eliminating impunity and
           contributing to the affirmation of the rule of law throughout the country;
                 32. Stresses in this context the importance of further progress in the
           reconstruction and reform of the prison sector in Afghanistan, in order to improve
           the respect for the rule of law and human rights therein;
                 33. Notes with strong concern the effects of widespread corruption on
           security, good governance, counter-narcotics efforts and economic development, and
           urges the Afghan Government, with the assistance of the international community,
           to vigorously lead the fight against corruption, and to enhance its efforts to establish
           a more effective, accountable and transparent administration;
                 34. Encourages all Afghan institutions, including the executive and
           legislative branches, to work in a spirit of cooperation, calls on the Afghan
           Government to pursue continued legislative and public administration reform in
           order to ensure good governance, with full representation of all Afghan women and
           men, and accountability at both national and subnational levels, and stresses the
           need for further international efforts to provide technical assistance in this area;
                 35. Calls for full respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and
           international humanitarian law throughout Afghanistan, welcomes the growth in
           Afghan free media, but notes with concern the continued restrictions on freedom of
           media, and attacks against journalists, commends the Afghanistan Independent
           Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) for its courageous efforts to monitor respect
           for human rights in Afghanistan as well as to foster and protect these rights and to
           promote the emergence of a pluralistic civil society, and stresses the importance of
           full cooperation with the AIHRC by all relevant actors; and supports broad
           engagement across government agencies and civil society for the realization of the
           mutual commitments made, including the commitment to provide sufficient
           government financing for the AIHRC;
                 36. Recognizes that despite progress achieved on gender equality, enhanced
           efforts are necessary to secure the rights of women and girls, strongly condemns
           continuing forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls, in
           particular violence aimed at preventing girls from attending schools, stresses the
           importance of implementing Security Council resolutions 1325 (2000), 1820 (2008),
           1888 (2009), 1889 (2009) and 1960 (2010), and of ensuring that women fleeing
           domestic violence are able to find save and secure refuge;
                 37. Welcomes the Afghan Government’s commitment to strengthen the
           participation of women in all Afghan governance institutions, including elected and
           appointed bodies and the civil service, supports efforts to accelerate implementation
           of the National Action Plan for Women in Afghanistan (NAPWA), to integrate its
           benchmarks into the National Priority Programmes and to develop a strategy to
           implement the Elimination of Violence Against Women (EVAW) law, including
           services to victims, recalls that the promotion and protection of women’s rights are
           an integral part of peace, reintegration and reconciliation, and requests the
           Secretary-General to continue to include in its reports to the Security Council
           relevant information on the process of integration of women into the political,
           economic and social life of Afghanistan;

11-27368                                                                                11

S/RES/1974 (2011)

                     38. Welcomes the cooperation of the Afghan Government and UNAMA with
               the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999) with
               the implementation of resolution 1904 (2009), including by providing relevant
               information for updating the Consolidated List, and by identifying individuals and
               entities participating in the financing or support of acts or activities of Al-Qaida and
               the Taliban using proceeds derived from illicit cultivation, production and
               trafficking of narcotic drugs and their precursors, and encourages the continuation
               of such cooperation;
                    39. Calls for strengthening the process of regional economic cooperation,
               including measures to facilitate regional trade, to increase foreign investments and
               to develop infrastructure, noting Afghanistan’s historic role as a land bridge in Asia;
                     40. Recognizes the importance of voluntary, safe, orderly return and
               sustainable reintegration of the remaining Afghan refugees for the stability of the
               country and the region, and calls for continued and enhanced international
               assistance in this regard;
                     41. Affirms also the importance of voluntary, safe, orderly return and
               sustainable reintegration of the internally displaced persons;
                     42. Requests that the Secretary-General reports to the Council every three
               months on developments in Afghanistan, and to include in his reports an evaluation
               of progress made against the benchmarks for measuring and tracking progress in the
               implementation of UNAMA’s mandate and priorities as set out in this resolution;
                    43. Further requests that the Secretary-General conduct a comprehensive
               review of UNAMA’s mandated activities and the United Nations’ support in
               Afghanistan, including UNAMA’s presence throughout the country, in consultation
               with the Afghan Government and relevant international stakeholders, by the end of
               2011, with the aim of strengthening national ownership and leadership consistent
               with the Kabul Process, taking into account the evolving nature of the international
               community’s presence and the role of ISAF, and including first experiences with the
               Transition (Inteqal), with a view to informing the Council’s review of UNAMA’s
               mandate in March 2012; and calls on all actors concerned to cooperate with
               UNAMA in this process;
                    44.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

12                                                                                11-27368

Security Council resolution 1974 (2011) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) until 23 Mar. 2012]

UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan|Interim Afghanistan National Development Strategy|Taliban (Afghanistan)|Qaida (Organization)|International Security Assistance Force|Operation Enduring Freedom Coalition|UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan|Afghan National Police|NATO|UN Mine Action Programme for Afghanistan|Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission|UN Office on Drugs and Crime|Afghanistan National Drug Control Strategy|Joint Coordination and Monitoring Board in Afghanistan|UN High Commissioner for Human Rights|Paris Pact Initiative|Conference on Afghanistan (London : 2010)|International Conference on Afghanistan (2010 : Kabul)|Ministerial Conference on Drug Trafficking Routes from Afghanistan (3rd : 2011 : ####) (Proposed)|Kabul Declaration on Good-Neighbourly Relations (2002)|Peace and Reintegration Programme|INTERNAL SECURITY|GOVERNANCE|ELECTIONS|POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION|NARCOTIC DRUGS|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|AFGHANISTAN|AFGHANISTAN SITUATION|RULE OF LAW|COUNTER-TERRORISM|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|TERRORISM|DRUG TRAFFIC|DRUG CONTROL|CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES|RECONCILIATION|TRAINING PROGRAMMES|INSTITUTION BUILDING|LANDMINES|LAWS AND REGULATIONS|WOMEN'S RIGHTS|RIGHTS OF THE CHILD|CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICTS|CHILD SOLDIERS|HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW|CORRUPTION|HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS|GENDER EQUALITY|SOCIAL INTEGRATION|GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE|AFGHAN REFUGEES|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT|STAFF SECURITY|FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE|FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

S/66 [47] UN ASSISTANCE MISSION IN AFGHANISTAN
S/66 [46] AFGHANISTAN SITUATION


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/1975 (2011)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                30 March 2011

               Resolution 1975 (2011)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 6508th meeting,
               on 30 March 2011

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling its previous resolutions, in particular resolutions 1572 (2004), 1893
               (2009), 1911 (2010), 1924 (2010), 1933 (2010), 1942 (2010), 1946 (2010), 1951
               (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011), 1968 (2011) and the statements of its President
               relating to the situation in Côte d’Ivoire, and resolution 1938 (2010) on the situation
               in Liberia,
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and unity of Côte d’Ivoire, and recalling the importance of the principles
               of good-neighbourliness, non-interference and regional cooperation,
                     Reiterating its strong desire that the post-electoral crisis in Côte d’Ivoire be
               resolved peacefully and require an overall political solution that preserves
               democracy and peace and promotes lasting reconciliation among Ivorians,
                     Commending the constructive efforts of the African Union High-level Panel
               for the resolution of the crisis in Côte d’Ivoire and reiterating its support to the
               African Union and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) for
               their commitment to resolve the crisis in Côte d’Ivoire,
                     Welcoming the decision of the Peace and Security Council of the African
               Union adopted at its 265th meeting at the level of Heads of State and Government,
               held on 10 March 2011 in Addis Ababa, which reaffirms all its previous decisions on
               the rapidly deteriorating post-electoral crisis facing Côte d’Ivoire since the second
               round of the presidential election, on 28 November 2010, which recognize the
               election of Mr Alassane Dramane Ouattara as the President of the Republic of Côte
               d’Ivoire,
                     Welcoming the political initiatives and noting the communiqué and the
               resolution on Côte d’Ivoire adopted by the Authority of Heads of State and
               Government of ECOWAS on 24 March 2011,
                     Expressing grave concern about the recent escalation of violence in Côte
               d’Ivoire and the risk of relapse into civil war and urging all parties to show utmost
               restraint to prevent such outcome and to resolve their differences peacefully,

11-28476 (E)
*1128476*

S/RES/1975 (2011)

                     Condemning unequivocally all provocative action and statements that
               constitute incitement to discrimination, hostility, hatred and violence made by any
               party,
                     Condemning the serious abuses and violations of international law in Côte
               d’Ivoire, including humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, reaffirming the
               primary responsibility of each State to protect civilians and reiterating that parties
               to armed conflicts bear the primary responsibility to take all feasible steps to ensure
               the protection of civilians and facilitate the rapid and unimpeded passage of
               humanitarian assistance and the safety of humanitarian personnel, recalling its
               resolutions 1325 (2000), 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009) and 1889 (2009) on women,
               peace and security, its resolution 1612 (2005) and 1882 (2009) on children and
               armed conflict and its resolution 1674 (2006) and 1894 (2009) on the protection of
               civilians in armed conflicts,
                     Welcoming the Human Rights Council resolution A/HRC/16/25 of 25 March
               2011, including the decision to dispatch an independent international commission of
               inquiry to investigate the facts and circumstances surrounding the allegations of
               serious abuses and violations of human rights committed in Côte d’Ivoire following
               the presidential elections of 28 November 2010,
                    Stressing that those responsible for such serious abuses and violations,
               including by forces under their control, must be held accountable,
                     Reaffirming that it is the responsibility of Côte d’Ivoire to promote and protect
               all human rights and fundamental freedoms, to investigate alleged violations of
               human rights and international law and to bring to justice those responsible for such
               acts,
                     Considering that the attacks currently taking place in Côte d’Ivoire against the
               civilian population could amount to crimes against humanity and that perpetrators of
               such crimes must be held accountable under international law and noting that the
               International Criminal Court may decide on its jurisdiction over the situation in
               Côte d’Ivoire on the basis of article 12, paragraph 3 of the Rome Statute,
                     Determining that the situation in Côte d’Ivoire continues to constitute a threat
               to international peace and security,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.   Urges all the Ivorian parties and other stakeholders to respect the will of
               the people and the election of Alassane Dramane Ouattara as President of Côte
               d’Ivoire, as recognized by ECOWAS, the African Union and the rest of the
               international community, expresses its concern at the recent escalation of violence
               and demands an immediate end to the violence against civilians, including women,
               children and Internally displaced persons;
                    2.   Calls upon all parties to pursue the overall political solution of the
               African Union and, in this regard, welcomes the decision of the African Union Peace
               and Security Council Summit of 10 March to appoint a High Representative for the
               implementation of the overall political solution and calls upon all parties to fully
               cooperate with him;

2                                                                                11-28476

                                                                                S/RES/1975 (2011)

                 3.    Condemns the decision of Mr. Laurent Gbagbo not to accept the overall
           political solution proposed by the High-Level panel put in place by the African
           Union, and urges him to immediately step aside;
                 4.   Urges all Ivorian State institutions, including the Defence and Security
           Forces of Côte d’Ivoire (FDSCI), to yield to the authority vested by the Ivorian
           people in President Alassane Dramane Ouattara, condemns the attacks, threats, acts
           of obstructions and violence perpetrated by FDSCI, militias and mercenaries against
           United Nations personnel, obstructing them from protecting civilians, monitoring
           and helping investigate human rights violations and abuses, stresses that those
           responsible for such crimes under international law must be held accountable and
           calls upon all parties, in particular Mr. Laurent Gbagbo’s supporters and forces, to
           fully cooperate with the United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI) and
           cease interfering with UNOCI’s activities in implementation of its mandate;
                 5.    Reiterates its firm condemnation of all violence committed against
           civilians, including women, children, internally displaced persons and foreign
           nationals, and other violations and abuses of human rights, in particular enforced
           disappearances, extrajudicial killings, killing and maiming of children and rapes and
           other forms of sexual violence;
                 6.    Recalls its authorization and stresses its full support given to the UNOCI,
           while impartially implementing its mandate, to use all necessary means to carry out
           its mandate to protect civilians under imminent threat of physical violence, within
           its capabilities and its areas of deployment, including to prevent the use of heavy
           weapons against the civilian population and requests the Secretary-General to keep
           it urgently informed of measures taken and efforts made in this regard;
                 7.    Calls upon all parties to cooperate fully in the operation of UNOCI and
           French forces which support it, in particular by guaranteeing their safety, security
           and freedom of movement with unhindered and immediate access throughout the
           territory of Côte d’Ivoire, to enable them to fully carry out their mandate;
                 8.   Calls upon all parties to fully cooperate with the independent
           international commission of inquiry put in place by the Human Rights Council on
           25 March 2011 to investigate the facts and circumstances surrounding the
           allegations of serious abuses and violations of human rights committed in Côte
           d’Ivoire following the presidential elections of 28 November 2010, and requests the
           Secretary-General to transmit this report to the Security Council and other relevant
           international bodies;
                 9.    Condemns the use of Radiodiffusion Télévision Ivoirienne (RTI) and
           other media to incite discrimination, hostility, hatred and violence, including against
           UNOCI, as well as acts of intimidation and violence against journalists, and calls
           for the lifting of all restrictions placed on the exercise of the right of freedom of
           expression in Côte d’Ivoire;
                 10. Expresses deep concern about the increasing number of internally
           displaced persons and Ivorian refugees, especially in Liberia, caused by the crisis in
           Côte d’Ivoire, and calls on all Ivorian parties to cooperate fully with United Nations
           agencies and other actors working to enhance access to humanitarian aid to refugees
           and internally displaced persons;

11-28476                                                                                3

S/RES/1975 (2011)

                    11. Reiterates its longstanding demand that Mr. Laurent Gbagbo lift the siege
               of Golf Hotel without delay;
                     12. Decides to adopt targeted sanctions against those individuals who meet
               the criteria set out in resolution 1572 (2004) and subsequent resolutions, including
               those individuals who obstruct peace and reconciliation in Côte d’Ivoire, obstruct
               the work of UNOCI and other international actors in Côte d’Ivoire and commit
               serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, and therefore
               decides that the individuals listed in Annex I of this resolution shall be subject to the
               financial and travel measures imposed by paragraphs 9 to 11 of resolution 1572
               (2004), and reaffirms its intention to consider further measures, as appropriate,
               including targeted sanctions against media actors who meet the relevant sanctions
               criteria, including by inciting publicly hatred and violence;
                    13.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

4                                                                                11-28476

                                                                                S/RES/1975 (2011)

  Annex I
            Targeted sanctions

            1.   Laurent Gbagbo
                 Date of birth: 31 May 1945
                 Place of birth: Gagnoa, Côte d’Ivoire
                 Former President of Côte d’Ivoire: obstruction of the peace and reconciliation
            process, rejection of the results of the presidential election.

            2.   Simone Gbagbo
                 Date of birth: 20 June 1949
                 Place of birth: Moossou, Grand-Bassam, Côte d’Ivoire
                 Chairperson of the Parliamentary Group of the Ivorian Popular Front (FPI):
            obstruction of the peace and reconciliation process, public incitement to hatred and
            violence.

            3.   Désiré Tagro
                 Passport number: PD – AE 065FH08
                 Date of birth: 27 January 1959
                 Place of birth: Issia, Côte d’Ivoire
                  Secretary-General in the so-called “presidency” of Mr. Gbagbo: participation
            in the illegitimate government of Mr. Gbagbo, obstruction of the peace and
            reconciliation process, rejection of the results of the presidential election,
            participation in violent repressions of popular movements.

            4.   Pascal Affi N’Guessan
                 Passport number: PD-AE 09DD00013.
                 Date of birth: 1 January 1953
                 Place of birth: Bouadriko, Côte d’Ivoire
                 Chairman of the Ivorian Popular Front (FPI): obstruction of the peace and
            reconciliation process, incitement to hatred and violence.

            5.   Alcide Djédjé
                 Date of birth: 20 October 1956
                 Place of birth: Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
                  Close advisor to Mr. Gbagbo: participation in the illegitimate government of
            Mr. Gbagbo, obstruction of the peace and reconciliation process, public incitement
            to hatred and violence.

11-28476                                                                                5

Security Council resolution 1975 (2011) [on targeted sanctions against individuals meeting the criteria set out in resolution 1572 (2004) on arms embargo against Côte d'Ivoire]

Gbagbo, Laurent|Ouattara, Alassane Dramane|African Union. Peace and Security Council|African Union. High-Level Panel on Côte d'Ivoire|UN Operation in Côte d'Ivoire|Côte d'Ivoire. Forces armées nationales|UN. Human Rights Council|Radiodiffusion Télévision Ivoirienne (Côte d'Ivoire)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|INTERNAL SECURITY|SANCTIONS|CÔTE D'IVOIRE|FROZEN ASSETS|TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS|HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS|HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|MILITARY PERSONNEL|STAFF SECURITY|ELECTIONS|ARMED FORCES|FRANCE|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT|COMMISSIONS OF INQUIRY|FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION|DISPLACED PERSONS|IVORIAN REFUGEES|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|MASS MEDIA

S/66 [196] CÔTE D'IVOIRE--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/66 [198] UN OPERATION IN CÔTE D'IVOIRE


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/1976 (2011)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               11 April 2011

               Resolution 1976 (2011)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 6512th meeting,
               on 11 April 2011

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions concerning the situation in Somalia,
               especially resolutions 1918 (2010) and 1950 (2010),
                     Continuing to be gravely concerned by the growing threat that piracy and
               armed robbery at sea against vessels pose to the situation in Somalia and other
               States in the region, as well as to international navigation, the safety of commercial
               maritime routes and the safety of seafarers and other persons, and also gravely
               concerned by the increased level of violence employed by pirates and persons
               involved in armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia,
                    Strongly condemning the growing practice of hostage-taking by pirates
               operating off the coast of Somalia, expressing serious concern at the inhuman
               conditions hostage face in captivity, recognizing the adverse impact on their
               families, calling for the immediate release of all hostages, and noting the
               importance of cooperation between Member States on the issue of hostage-taking,
                    Emphasizing the importance of finding a comprehensive solution to the
               problem of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia,
                     Stressing the need to build Somalia’s potential for sustainable economic
               growth as a means to tackle the underlying causes of piracy, including poverty, thus
               contributing to a durable eradication of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast
               of Somalia and illegal activities connected therewith,
                     Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political
               independence and unity of Somalia, including Somalia’s rights with respect to
               offshore natural resources, including fisheries, in accordance with international law,
               recalling the importance of preventing, in accordance with international law, illegal
               fishing and illegal dumping, including of toxic substances, and stressing the need to
               investigate allegations of such illegal fishing and dumping,
                     Being concerned at the same time that allegations of illegal fishing and
               dumping of toxic waste in Somali waters have been used by pirates in an attempt to
               justify their criminal activities,

11-29544 (E)
*1129544*

S/RES/1976 (2011)

                      Reaffirming that international law, as reflected in the United Nations
               Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 (Convention), in particular
               its articles 100, 101 and 105, sets out the legal framework applicable to combating
               piracy and armed robbery at sea, as well as other ocean activities,
                    Further reaffirming that the provisions of this resolution apply only with
               respect to the situation in Somalia and do not affect the rights and obligations or
               responsibilities of Member States under international law;
                     Reiterating its call upon States and regional organizations that have the
               capacity to do so, to take part in the fight against piracy and armed robbery at sea
               off the coast of Somalia, in particular, consistent with resolution 1950 (2010) and
               applicable international law, including human rights law, by deploying naval
               vessels, arms and military aircraft and through seizures and disposition of boats,
               vessels, arms and other related equipment used in the commission of piracy and
               armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, or for which there are reasonable
               grounds for suspecting such use,
                     Underlining the importance of enhancing ongoing work to address the
               problems caused by the limited capacity of the judicial system of Somalia and other
               States in the region to effectively prosecute suspected pirates,
                     Noting with appreciation the assistance being provided by the United Nations,
               including its Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and other international
               organizations and donors, in coordination with the Contact Group on Piracy off the
               Coast of Somalia (CGPCS), to enhance the capacity of the judicial and the
               corrections systems in Somalia, Kenya, Seychelles and other States in the region to
               prosecute suspected, and imprison convicted, pirates consistent with applicable
               international human rights law,
                     Commending those States that have amended their domestic law in order to
               criminalize piracy and facilitate the prosecution of suspected pirates in their national
               courts, consistent with applicable international law, including human rights law, and
               stressing the need for States to continue their efforts in this regard,
                     Noting with concern at the same time that the domestic law of a number of
               States lacks provisions criminalizing piracy and/or procedural provisions for
               effective criminal prosecution of suspected pirates,
                    Further expressing concern over a large number of persons suspected of piracy
               having to be released without facing justice, reaffirming that the failure to prosecute
               persons responsible for acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of
               Somalia undermines anti-piracy efforts of the international community and being
               determined to create conditions to ensure that pirates are held accountable,
                     Recognizing the urgent need to undertake decisive further steps to boost
               anti-piracy efforts,
                    Expressing its gratitude for the work done by the Special Adviser to the
               Secretary-General on Legal Issues Related to Piracy off the Coast of Somalia
               Mr. Jack Lang in order to explore new solutions to counter more effectively piracy
               and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, including by more effective
               prosecution of suspected, and imprisonment of convicted pirates, and noting with
               appreciation the conclusions and proposals set forth in his report to the Security
               Council contained in the annex to document S/2011/30,

2                                                                                11-29544

                                                                                S/RES/1976 (2011)

                 Determining that the incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast
           of Somalia exacerbate the situation in Somalia, which continues to constitute a
           threat to international peace and security in the region,
                1.    Welcomes the report of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on
           Legal Issues Related to Piracy off the coast of Somalia;
                 2.   Recognizes that the ongoing instability in Somalia is one of the
           underlying causes of the problem of piracy and contributes to the problem of piracy
           and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, and stresses the need for a
           comprehensive response to tackle piracy and its underlying causes by the
           international community;
                3.    Calls upon States to cooperate, as appropriate, on the issue of hostagetaking;
                 4.    Requests States, UNODC, the United Nations Development Programme,
           the United Nations Political Office for Somalia (UNPOS) and regional organizations
           to assist the TFG and regional authorities in Somalia in establishing a system of
           governance, rule of law and police control in lawless areas where land-based
           activities related to piracy are taking place and also requests the TFG and regional
           authorities in Somalia to increase their own efforts in this regard;
                5.   Requests States and regional organizations to support sustainable
           economic growth in Somalia thus contributing to a durable eradication of piracy and
           armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, as well as other illegal activities
           connected therewith, in particular in priority areas recommended by the Istanbul
           conference on piracy in Somalia;
                 6.    Invites States and regional organizations to continue their support and
           assistance to Somalia in its efforts to develop national fisheries and port activities in
           line with the Regional Plan of Action, and in this regard emphasizes the importance
           of the earliest possible delimitation of Somalia’s maritime spaces in accordance with
           the Convention;
                 7.    Recalls preambular paragraphs 6 and 7 above and operative paragraph 2
           of resolution 1950 (2010), and requests the Secretary-General to report within six
           months on the protection of Somali natural resources and waters, and on alleged
           illegal fishing and illegal dumping, including of toxic substances, off the coast of
           Somalia, taking into account the studies on this matter previously conducted by the
           United Nations Environmental Programme and other competent agencies and
           organizations, and expresses its readiness to keep the matter under review;
                 8.   Urges States individually or within the framework of competent
           international organizations to positively consider investigating allegations of illegal
           fishing and illegal dumping, including of toxic substances, with a view to
           prosecuting such offences when committed by persons under their jurisdiction;
                9.    Calls upon States and regional organizations cooperating with the TFG in
           the fight against piracy off the coast of Somalia to further increase their
           coordination to effectively deter, prevent and respond to pirate attacks, including
           through the CGPCS;
                10. Encourages States and regional organisations cooperating with the TFG
           to assist Somalia in strengthening its coastguard capacity, in particular by

11-29544                                                                                3

S/RES/1976 (2011)

               supporting the development of land-based coastal monitoring and increasing their
               cooperation with the Somali regional authorities in this regard, as appropriate, after
               having any necessary approval from the Council’s Committee pursuant to
               resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009);
                     11. Calls on States, regional organizations, the United Nations, IMO and
               other appropriate partners to provide all necessary technical and financial support to
               the implementation of the Djibouti Code of Conduct, the Regional Plan of Action
               for Maritime Security in Eastern and Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean agreed
               by Ministers in Mauritius in October 2010, and the CGPCS regional needs
               assessment report, recognizing the political will expressed by regional countries in
               these documents to combat piracy by all means possible, including through
               prosecution and imprisonment;
                    12. Commends the efforts of the shipping industry, in cooperation with the
               CGPCS and IMO, in developing and disseminating the updated version of the Best
               Management Practices to Deter Piracy off the Coast of Somalia and in the Arabian
               Sea Area (BMP) and emphasizes the critical importance for the shipping industry of
               applying the best practices recommended in the BMP;
                     13. Urges all States, including States in the region, to criminalize piracy
               under their domestic law, emphasizing the importance of criminalizing incitement,
               facilitation, conspiracy and attempts to commit acts of piracy;
                     14. Recognizes that piracy is a crime subject to universal jurisdiction and in
               that regard reiterates its call on States to favourably consider the prosecution of
               suspected, and imprisonment of convicted, pirates apprehended off the coast of
               Somalia, consistent with applicable international human rights law;
                     15. Underlines the need to investigate and prosecute those who illicitly
               finance, plan, organize, or unlawfully profit from pirate attacks off the coast of
               Somalia, recognizing that individuals and entities who incite or intentionally
               facilitate an act of piracy are themselves engaging in piracy as defined under
               international law and expresses its intention to keep under review the possibility of
               applying targeted sanctions against such individuals and entities if they meet the
               listing criteria set out in paragraph 8 resolution 1844 (2008);
                     16. Invites States, individually or in cooperation with regional organizations,
               UNODC and INTERPOL, to examine their domestic legal frameworks for detention
               at sea of suspected pirates to ensure that their laws provide reasonable procedures,
               consistent with applicable international human rights law, and also invites States to
               examine domestic procedures for the preservation of evidence that may be used in
               criminal proceedings to ensure the admissibility of such evidence, and encourages
               the CGPCS to contribute to this work;
                      17. Further invites States and regional organizations, individually or in
               cooperation with, among others, UNODC and INTERPOL, to assist Somalia and
               other States of the region in strengthening their counter-piracy law enforcement
               capacities, including implementation of anti-money-laundering laws, the
               establishment of Financial Investigation Units and strengthening forensic capacities,
               as tools against international criminal networks involved in piracy, and stresses in
               this context the need to support the investigation and prosecution of those who
               illicitly finance, plan, organize, or unlawfully profit from pirate attacks off the coast
               of Somalia;

4                                                                                11-29544

                                                                                S/RES/1976 (2011)

                 18. Underlines the importance of continuing to enhance the collection,
           preservation and transmission to competent authorities of evidence of acts of piracy
           and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, and welcomes further work of
           IMO, INTERPOL and industry groups to assist in providing guidance to seafarers
           on preservation of crime scenes following acts of piracy, noting the importance for
           the successful prosecution of acts of piracy of enabling seafarers to give evidence in
           criminal proceedings;
                 19. Urges States and international organizations to share evidence and
           information for anti-piracy law enforcement purposes with a view to ensuring
           effective prosecution of suspected, and imprisonment of convicted, pirates;
                 20. Requests States, UNODC and regional organizations to consider,
           consistent with applicable rules of international human rights law, measures aimed
           at facilitating the transfer of suspected pirates for trial, and convicted pirates for
           imprisonment, including through relevant transfer agreements or arrangements, and
           commends the efforts to date of the CGPCS in this regard;
                 21. Welcomes the readiness of the national and regional administrations of
           Somalia to cooperate with each other and with States who have prosecuted
           suspected pirates with a view to enabling convicted pirates to be repatriated back to
           Somalia under suitable prisoner transfer arrangements, consistent with applicable
           international law including international human rights law, recognizes in this regard
           the discussions between the Government of Seychelles and the national and regional
           administrations of Somalia, which resulted in an agreement in principle of a legal
           framework for the transfer of convicted pirates to Somalia after their prosecution
           and conviction in the Seychelles, and encourages States to continue their efforts in
           this regard;
                 22. Urges States, UNODC, based on support from donors, and regional
           organizations to consolidate international assistance to increase prison capacity in
           Somalia, including by constructing in the short-term additional prisons in Puntland
           and Somaliland, and requests UNODC to continue to provide training for prison
           staff in accordance with relevant international human rights standards and to
           continue to provide monitoring of compliance with such standards;
                 23. Requests the TFG, with the assistance of UNODC, to elaborate and adopt
           a complete set of counter-piracy laws, and in this regard, welcomes the positive
           steps made in Puntland, and the progress being made in Somaliland;
                 24. Emphasizes the need to ensure effective coordination of anti-piracy
           efforts and in that regard requests the Secretary-General to strengthen UNPOS as
           the United Nations focal point for counter-piracy, including the Kampala process;
                 25. Supports the ongoing efforts by regional States in the development of
           anti-piracy courts or chambers in the region, welcomes support by States and
           international organizations, in consultation with the CGPCS, to such efforts, and
           requests the Secretary-General to take appropriate measures to assist States and
           international organizations in such activities;
                 26. Decides to urgently consider the establishment of specialized Somali
           courts to try suspected pirates both in Somalia and in the region, including an
           extraterritorial Somali specialized anti-piracy court, as referred to in the
           recommendations contained in the report of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-

11-29544                                                                                5

S/RES/1976 (2011)

               General on Legal Issues Related to Piracy off the Coast of Somalia Mr. Jack Lang
               (annex to document S/2011/30), consistent with applicable human rights law, and
               requests the Secretary-General to report within two months on the modalities of
               such prosecution mechanisms, including on the participation of international
               personnel and on other international support and assistance, taking into account the
               work of the CGPCS and in consultation with concerned regional States and
               expresses its intention to take further decisions on this matter;
                     27. Urges both State and non-State actors affected by piracy, most notably
               the international shipping community, to provide support for the above-mentioned
               judicial and detention related projects through the Trust Fund Supporting the
               Initiatives of States Countering Piracy off the coast of Somalia;
                    28.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

6                                                                                11-29544

Security Council resolution 1976 (2011) [on acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia]

UN. Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Legal Issues Related to Piracy off the Coast of Somalia|UN Office on Drugs and Crime|UNDP|UNOPS|UN. Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia|IMO|INTERPOL|Trust Fund to Support Initiatives of States Countering Piracy off the Coast of Somalia|PIRACY|TERRITORIAL SEA|SOMALIA|ROBBERY|CRIME PREVENTION|REGIONAL COOPERATION|MARITIME SECURITY|MARITIME SAFETY|MARITIME TRANSPORT|PROSECUTION|CRIMINAL JURISDICTION|JUDICIAL SYSTEM|CORRECTIONAL SYSTEMS|LAW ENFORCEMENT