               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/1854 (2008)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                19 December 2008

               Resolution 1854 (2008)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 6051st meeting, on
               19 December 2008

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling its previous resolutions and statements by its President on the
               situation in Liberia and West Africa,
                     Welcoming the sustained progress made by the Government of Liberia since
               January 2006, in rebuilding Liberia for the benefit of all Liberians, with the support
               of the international community,
                     Recalling its decision not to renew the measures in paragraph 10 of resolution
               1521 (2003) regarding round log and timber products originating in Liberia, and
               stressing that Liberia’s progress in the timber sector must continue with the effective
               implementation and enforcement of the National Forestry Reform Law signed into
               law on 5 October 2006, including the resolution of land and tenure rights, the
               conservation and protection of biodiversity, and the process for the awarding of
               contracts for commercial forestry operations,
                     Recalling its decision to terminate the measures in paragraph 6 of resolution
               1521 (2003) regarding diamonds, and welcoming the Government of Liberia’s
               participation in the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme, noting Liberia’s
               implementation of the necessary internal controls and other requirements of the
               Kimberley Process, and calling on the Government of Liberia to continue to work
               diligently to ensure the effectiveness of these controls,
                     Recalling the statement of its President on 25 June 2007 (S/PRST/2007/22)
               recognizing the role of voluntary initiatives aimed at improving revenue
               transparency such as the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) and
               noting General Assembly resolution 62/274 on strengthening transparency in
               industries, supports Liberia’s decision to inter alia take part in EITI and other
               extractive industry transparency initiatives and encourages Liberia’s continued
               progress in implementing their EITI work plan to improve revenue transparency,
                     Stressing the continuing importance of the United Nations Mission in Liberia
               (UNMIL) in improving security through Liberia and helping the Government
               establish its authority throughout the country, particularly in the diamond, timber,
               and other natural resources-producing regions, and border areas,

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                     Taking note of the report of the United Nations Panel of Experts on Liberia
               dated 16 December 2008 (S/2008/785), including on the issues of diamonds, timber,
               targeted sanctions, and arms and security,
                    Having reviewed the measures imposed by paragraphs 2 and 4 of resolution
               1521 (2003) and paragraph 1 of resolution 1532 (2004) and the progress towards
               meeting the conditions set out by paragraph 5 of resolution 1521 (2003), and
               concluding that insufficient progress has been made towards that end,
                     Underlining its determination to support the Government of Liberia in its
               efforts to meet those conditions, and encouraging donors to do likewise,
                    Urging all parties to support the Government of Liberia in identifying and
               implementing measures that will ensure progress towards meeting the conditions set
               out by paragraph 5 of resolution 1521 (2003),
                     Determining that, despite significant progress having been made in Liberia, the
               situation there continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security in
               the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                    1.   Decides, on the basis of its assessment of progress made to date towards
               meeting the conditions for lifting the measures imposed by resolution 1521 (2003):
                    (a) To renew the measures on arms imposed by paragraph 2 of resolution
               1521 (2003) and modified by paragraphs 1 and 2 of resolution 1683 (2006) and by
               paragraph 1 (b) of resolution 1731 (2006) and to renew the measures on travel
               imposed by paragraph 4 of resolution 1521 (2003) for a further period of 12 months
               from the date of adoption of this resolution;
                     (b) That Member States shall notify the Committee established by paragraph
               21 of resolution 1521 (2003) (“the Committee”) upon delivery of all arms and
               related materiel supplied in accordance with paragraph 2 (e) or 2 (f) of resolution
               1521 (2003), paragraph 2 of resolution 1683 (2006), or paragraph 1 (b) of resolution
               1731;
                     (c) To review any of the above measures at the request of the Government of
               Liberia, once the Government reports to the Council that the conditions set out in
               resolution 1521 (2003) for terminating the measures have been met, and provides
               the Council with information to justify its assessment;
                    2.    Recalls that the measures imposed by paragraph 1 of resolution 1532
               (2004) remain in force, notes with concern the findings of the Panel of Experts on
               the lack of progress in this regard, and calls on the Government of Liberia to
               continue to make all necessary efforts to fulfil its obligations;
                     3.   Reconfirms its intention to review the measures imposed by paragraph 1
               of resolution 1532 (2004) at least once a year, and directs the Committee, in
               coordination with the relevant designating States and with the assistance of the
               Panel of Experts, to update as necessary the publicly available reasons for listing for
               entries on the travel ban and assets freeze lists as well as the Committee’s
               guidelines, particularly with regard to listing and delisting procedures;

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                4.   Decides to extend the mandate of the current Panel of Experts appointed
           pursuant to paragraph 1 of resolution 1819 (2008) for a further period until
           20 December 2009 to undertake the following tasks:
                 (a) To conduct two follow-up assessment missions to Liberia and
           neighbouring States, in order to investigate and compile a midterm and a final report
           on the implementation, and any violations, of the measures imposed by resolution
           1521 (2003) and renewed in paragraph 1 above, including any information relevant
           to the designation by the Committee of the individuals described in paragraph 4 (a)
           of resolution 1521 (2003) and paragraph 1 of resolution 1532 (2004), and including
           the various sources of financing, such as from natural resources, for the illicit trade
           of arms;
                 (b) To assess the impact of and effectiveness of the measures imposed by
           paragraph 1 of resolution 1532 (2004), including particularly with respect to the
           assets of former President Charles Taylor;
                 (c) To assess the implementation of forestry legislation passed by the
           Liberian Congress on 19 September 2006 and signed into law by President Johnson
           Sirleaf on 5 October 2006;
                (d) To assess the Government of Liberia’s compliance with the Kimberley
           Process Certification Scheme, and to coordinate with the Kimberley Process in
           assessing compliance;
                 (e) To provide a midterm report to the Council through the Committee by
           1 June 2009 and a final report to the Council through the Committee by
           20 December 2009 on all the issues listed in this paragraph, and to provide informal
           updates to the Committee as appropriate before those dates, especially on progress
           in the timber sector since the lifting of paragraph 10 of resolution 1521 (2003) in
           June 2006, and in the diamond sector since the lifting of paragraph 6 of resolution
           1521 (2003) in April 2007;
                 (f) To cooperate actively with other relevant groups of experts, in particular
           that on Côte d’Ivoire re-established by paragraph 10 of resolution 1842 (2008), and
           with the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme;
                 (g) To identify and make recommendations regarding areas where the
           capacity of States in the region can be strengthened to facilitate the implementation
           of the measures imposed by paragraph 4 of resolution 1521 (2003) and paragraph 1
           of resolution 1532 (2004);
                 (h) To assist the Committee in updating the publicly available reasons for
           listing for entries on the travel ban and assets freeze lists;
                5.    Requests the Secretary-General to reappoint the current members of the
           Panel of Experts and to make the necessary financial and security arrangements to
           support the work of the Panel;
                 6.   Calls upon all States and the Government of Liberia to cooperate fully
           with the Panel of Experts in all the aspects of its mandate;
                7.    Encourages the Government of Liberia to continue to implement the
           recommendations of the 2008 Kimberley Process review team to strengthen internal
           controls over diamond mining and export;

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                     8.  Encourages the Kimberley Process to continue to cooperate with the
               Panel of Experts and to report on developments regarding Liberia’s implementation
               of the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme;
                    9.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Taylor, Charles Ghankay|UN. Security Council > Resolutions and decisions|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1521 (2003) concerning Liberia|UN. Panel of Experts Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1854 (2008)|UN. Panel of Experts Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1854 (2008) > Terms of reference|Liberia. President|Kimberley Process Certification Scheme for Rough Diamonds (2002)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|ARMS EMBARGO|FOREST PRODUCTS|CONFLICT DIAMONDS|LIBERIA|LIBERIA SITUATION|SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE|GROUPS OF EXPERTS|SANCTIONS|TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS|FROZEN ASSETS|FACT-FINDING MISSIONS|NEIGHBOURING STATES|REPORT PREPARATION|CRIMINAL ASSETS|ILLICIT ARMS TRAFFICKING|FORESTRY LEGISLATION|TIMBER|FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE


               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/1855 (2008)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                19 December 2008

               Resolution 1855 (2008)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 6052nd meeting, on
               19 December 2008

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolutions 955 (1994) of 8 November 1994, 1165 (1998) of
               30 April 1998, 1329 (2000) of 30 November 2000, 1411 (2002) of 17 May 2002,
               1431 (2002) of 14 August 2002,
                     Recalling in particular that resolution 1503 (2003) of 28 August 2003 called
               upon the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (the International Tribunal) to
               take all possible measures to complete all trial activities at first instance by the end
               of 2008 and to complete all work in 2010, and that resolution 1534 (2004) of
               26 March 2004 emphasized the importance of fully implementing the International
               Tribunal’s completion strategy,
                    Taking note of the letter to the President of the Council from the Secretary-General dated 18 December 2008, attaching the letter to him from the President of
               the International Tribunal dated 10 December 2008 (S/2008/798), and having
               considered the proposals made by the President of the International Tribunal,
                     Noting that two permanent judges currently serving at the Tribunal will resign
               by the end of 2008, and that three other permanent judges have indicated their
               intention to resign upon the completion of their respective cases, and that their
               replacement would not be necessary if the International Tribunal is authorized to
               assign more ad litem judges to cases,
                     Convinced of the advisability of allowing the Secretary-General to appoint
               additional ad litem Judges to the nine ad litem Judges authorized by the Statute, as a
               temporary measure to enable the International Tribunal to complete trials and
               conduct additional trials as soon as possible in order to meet its completion strategy,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                      1.   Decides that the Secretary-General may appoint, within existing
               resources, additional ad litem Judges upon request of the President of the
               International Tribunal in order to complete existing trials or conduct additional
               trials, notwithstanding that the total number of ad litem Judges appointed to the
               Chambers will from time to time temporarily exceed the maximum of nine provided
               for in article 11, paragraph 1, of the Statute of the International Tribunal, to a

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               maximum of twelve at any one time, returning to a maximum of nine by
               31 December 2009;
                     2.   Decides to amend article 11, paragraph 2, of the Statute of the
               International Tribunal as set out in the annex to this resolution;
                    3.    Decides to remain seized of the matter.

               Annex
               Article 11: Composition of the Chambers
               2.    Each Trial Chamber may be divided into sections of three judges each. A
               section of a Trial Chamber shall have the same powers and responsibilities as a Trial
               Chamber under the present Statute and shall render judgment in accordance with the
               same rules.

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Security Council resolution 1855 (2008) [on appointment of additional ad litem judges to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)]

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda|Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (1994)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|JUDGES|APPOINTMENT OF OFFICIALS|INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURTS|RWANDA SITUATION

S/63 [95] RWANDA SITUATION
S/63 [97] INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL--RWANDA


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/1856 (2008)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                22 December 2008

               Resolution 1856 (2008)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 6055th meeting, on
               22 December 2008

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling its resolutions and the statements of its President concerning the
               Democratic Republic of the Congo, in particular resolution 1843 (2008) and
               resolution 1794 (2007) and the statements of its President dated 29 October 2008
               (S/PRST/2008/40) and 21 October 2008 (S/PRST/2008/38),
                     Reaffirming its commitment to the sovereignty, territorial integrity and
               political independence of the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
                     Stressing the primary responsibility of the Government of the Democratic
               Republic of the Congo for ensuring security in its territory and protecting its
               civilians with respect for the rule of law, human rights and international
               humanitarian law,
                     Condemning the Congrès national pour la Défense du people (CNDP) repeated
               offensive military actions in the past months, which have caused massive
               displacement of populations in North Kivu as well as cross-border movements of
               refugees and which have also involved the PARECO and other illegal armed groups,
               and condemning also the attacks by the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) in the
               Orientale Province, as well as the resumption of hostilities by illegal armed groups
               in Ituri,
                    Underlining that a major obstacle to lasting peace in the Kivus is the presence
               and activities of illegal armed groups on Congolese territory, including the Forces
               Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda (FDLR) as acknowledged by its resolution
               1804 (2008), which represent one of the primary causes for the conflict in the region,
                     Taking note of the final declaration of the Nairobi summit organized on
               7 November 2008 by President Mwai Kibaki, acting Chairman of the International
               Conference on the Great Lakes region, and President Jakaya Kikwete, President-inoffice of the African Union, and the communiqué of the extraordinary summit of the
               SADC Heads of State and Government held in Sandton on 9 November 2008,
               welcoming the appointment of facilitators including the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Great Lakes region, former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo, and
               the former President of the United Republic of Tanzania, Benjamin Mkapa, inviting
               these facilitators to keep the Council informed of their activities, and encouraging

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               the countries of the region to maintain this high level of commitment on the crisis in
               the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and act to assist efforts to
               resolve the conflict,
                     Recalling the joint communiqué of the Government of the Democratic
               Republic of Congo and the Government of the Republic of Rwanda signed in
               Nairobi on 9 November 2007 and the Acte d’engagement which emerged from the
               Conference for Peace, Security and Development in North and South Kivu, held in
               Goma from 6 to 23 January 2008, and reaffirming that the Goma and Nairobi
               processes are the appropriate framework for stabilising the situation in the eastern
               part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
                     Emphasizing the responsibility of the Government of the Democratic Republic
               of the Congo and the Governments of the region to prevent the use of their
               respective territories in support of violations of the arms embargo imposed by
               resolution 1807 (2008) or in support of activities of armed groups present in the
               region in accordance with the Pact on Security, Stability and Development for the
               Great Lakes Region and urging them to take effective measures to prevent crossborder support to any illegal armed group in the eastern region of the Democratic
               Republic of the Congo, and welcoming the progress made in high-level bilateral
               talks between the Governments of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and
               Rwanda,
                     Recalling also the importance of urgently carrying out comprehensive and
               lasting security sector reform and of permanently disarming, demobilizing,
               resettling or repatriating, as appropriate, and reintegrating Congolese and foreign
               armed groups for the long-term stabilization of the Democratic Republic of the
               Congo, and the contribution made by international partners in this field,
                      Recognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the
               illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of
               the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of
               Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
                     Expressing its extreme concern at the deteriorating humanitarian and human
               rights situation, condemning in particular the targeted attacks against the civilian
               population, sexual violence, recruitment of child soldiers and summary executions,
               and stressing the urgent need for the Government of the Democratic Republic of the
               Congo, in cooperation with the United Nations Organization Mission in the
               Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) and other relevant actors, to end
               those violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, in particular
               those carried out by the militias and armed groups and by elements of the Armed
               Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC), the Congolese National
               Police (PNC) and other security and intelligence services, and to bring the
               perpetrators, as well as the senior commanders under whom they serve, to justice,
               and calling on Member States to assist in this regard and to continue to provide
               medical, humanitarian and other assistance to victims,
                    Recalling its resolutions 1325 (2000) and 1820 (2008) on women, peace and
               security, its resolution 1502 (2003) on the protection of United Nations personnel,
               associated personnel and humanitarian personnel in conflict zones, its resolution
               1674 (2006) on the protection of civilians in armed conflicts, and its resolution 1612
               (2005) on children in armed conflict, and recalling the conclusions of the Security

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           Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict pertaining to parties in the
           armed conflict of the Democratic Republic of Congo (S/2008/693),
                 Condemning the continuing illicit flow of weapons within and into the
           Democratic Republic of the Congo and declaring its determination to continue to
           monitor closely the implementation of the arms embargo and other measures set out
           by its resolution 1807 (2008),
                Underscoring the long-term, sustainable efforts needed from the Government
           of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and its international partners to
           consolidate democracy and promote the rule of law, good governance, recovery and
           development,
                Expressing its full support for MONUC, condemning all attacks against United
           Nations peacekeepers and humanitarian personnel, regardless of their perpetrators,
           and emphasizing that those responsible for such attacks must be brought to justice,
                 Recalling that the temporary increase of MONUC’s capacities authorized by
           its resolution 1843 (2008) aims at enabling MONUC to reorganize, and in particular
           reconfigure its structure and forces and optimize their deployment, allowing the
           constitution of a quick-reaction capability to provide greater flexibility to deploy as
           needed to strengthen efforts to protect civilians and provide additional security in
           the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
                 Recognizing that effective coordination between the Government of the
           Democratic Republic of the Congo and MONUC on security matters in the areas of
           conflict as well as the accelerated building of credible, cohesive and disciplined
           Congolese armed forces is essential for the implementation of MONUC’s mandate,
                Taking note of the fourth special report of the Secretary-General on the United
           Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, dated
           21 November 2008 (S/2008/728), and of its recommendations,
                Determining that the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
           continues to pose a threat to international peace and security in the region,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                 1.   Decides to extend the deployment of MONUC until 31 December 2009
           and authorizes the continuation until that date of up to 19,815 military personnel,
           760 military observers, 391 police personnel and 1,050 personnel of formed police
           units;
                2.    Requests MONUC to attach the highest priority to addressing the crisis in
           the Kivus, in particular the protection of civilians, and to concentrate progressively
           during the coming year its action in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of
           the Congo;
                3.  Decides that MONUC shall, from the adoption of this resolution, have
           the mandate, in this order of priority, working in close cooperation with the
           Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in order to:

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               Protection of civilians, humanitarian personnel and United Nations personnel
               and facilities
                    (a) Ensure the protection of civilians, including humanitarian personnel,
               under imminent threat of physical violence, in particular violence emanating from
               any of the parties engaged in the conflict;
                    (b) Contribute to the improvement of the security conditions in which
               humanitarian assistance is provided, and assist in the voluntary return of refugees
               and internally displaced persons;
                    (c) Ensure the protection of United Nations personnel, facilities, installations
               and equipment;
                    (d) Ensure the security and freedom of movement of United Nations and
               associated personnel;
                    (e) Carry out joint patrols with the national police and security forces to
               improve security in the event of civil disturbance;

               Disarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese
               armed groups
                     (f) Deter any attempt at the use of force to threaten the Goma and Nairobi
               processes from any armed group, foreign or Congolese, particularly in the eastern
               part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including by using cordon and search
               tactics and undertaking all necessary operations to prevent attacks on civilians and
               disrupt the military capability of illegal armed groups that continue to use violence
               in that area;
                     (g) Coordinate operations with the FARDC integrated brigades deployed in
               the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and support operations led
               by and jointly planned with these brigades in accordance with international
               humanitarian, human rights and refugee law with a view to:
                    – Disarming the recalcitrant local armed groups in order to ensure their
                      participation in the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process and
                      the release of children associated with those armed groups;
                    – Disarming the foreign armed groups in order to ensure their participation in the
                      disarmament, demobilization, repatriation, resettlement and reintegration process
                      (DDRRR) and the release of children associated with those armed groups;
                    – Preventing the provision of support to illegal armed groups, including support
                      derived from illicit economic activities;
                     (h) Facilitate the voluntary demobilization and repatriation of disarmed
               foreign combatants and their dependants;
                     (i) Contribute to the implementation of the national programme of
               disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and
               their dependants, with particular attention to children, by monitoring the disarmament
               process and providing, as appropriate, security in some sensitive locations, as well as
               supporting reintegration efforts pursued by the Congolese authorities in cooperation
               with the United Nations Country Team and bilateral and multilateral partners;

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                                                                                S/RES/1856 (2008)

                (j) Use its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of
           support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources;

           Training and mentoring of FARDC in support for security sector reform
                 (k) Provide military training, including in the area of human rights,
           international humanitarian law, child protection and the prevention of gender-based
           violence, to various members and units of the FARDC integrated brigades deployed
           in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as part of international
           broader efforts to support the security sector reform;
                 (l) In coordination with international partners, including the European
           Union operations EUSEC and EUPOL, to contribute to the efforts of the
           international community to assist the Congolese Government in the initial planning
           process of the security sector reform, to build credible, cohesive, and disciplined
           Congolese armed forces and to develop the capacities of the Congolese national
           police and related law enforcement agencies;

           Territorial security of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
                (m) Observe and report in a timely manner on the position of armed
           movements and groups and the presence of foreign military forces in the key areas
           of volatility, especially by monitoring the use of landing strips and the borders,
           including on the lakes;
                 (n) Monitor the implementation of the measures imposed by paragraph 1 of
           resolution 1807 (2008), in cooperation, as appropriate, with the Governments
           concerned and with the Group of Experts established by resolution 1533 (2004),
           including by inspecting, as it deems necessary and without notice, the cargo of
           aircraft and of any transport vehicle using the ports, airports, airfields, military
           bases and border crossings in North and South Kivu and in Ituri;
                (o) Seize or collect, as appropriate, the arms and any related materiel whose
           presence in the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo violates the
           measures imposed by paragraph 1 of resolution 1807 (2008) and to dispose of such
           arms and related materiel as appropriate;
                 (p) Provide assistance to the competent customs authorities of the
           Democratic Republic of the Congo in implementing the provisions of paragraph 8 of
           resolution 1807 (2008);
                (q) Assist the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in
           enhancing its demining capacity;
                 4.   Decides that MONUC will also have the mandate, in close cooperation with
           the Congolese authorities, the United Nations Country Team and donors, to support the
           strengthening of democratic institutions and the rule of law and, to that end, to:
                (a) Provide advice to strengthen democratic institutions and processes at the
           national, provincial, regional and local levels;
                (b) Promote national reconciliation and internal political dialogue, including
           through the provision of good offices, and support the strengthening of civil society
           and multi-party democracy, and give the necessary support to the Goma and Nairobi
           processes;

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                     (c) Assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular
               attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights
               violations and publish its findings, as appropriate, with a view to putting an end to
               impunity, assist in the development and implementation of a transitional justice
               strategy, and cooperate in national and international efforts to bring to justice
               perpetrators of grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law;
                    (d) In close coordination with international partners and the United Nations
               Country Team, provide assistance to the Congolese authorities, including the
               National Independent Electoral Commission, in the organization, preparation and
               conduct of local elections;
                    (e) Assist in the establishment of a secure and peaceful environment for the
               holding of free and transparent local elections that are expected to be held by the
               end of June 2009;
                     (f) Contribute to the promotion of good governance and respect for the
               principle of accountability;
                    (g) In coordination with international partners, advise the Government of the
               Democratic Republic of the Congo in strengthening the capacity of the judicial and
               correctional systems, including the military justice system;
                    5.    Authorizes MONUC to use all necessary means, within the limits of its
               capacity and in the areas where its units are deployed, to carry out the tasks listed in
               paragraph 3, subparagraphs (a) to (g), (i), (j), (n), (o), and in paragraph 4,
               subparagraph (e);
                     6.   Emphasizes that the protection of civilians, as described in paragraph 3,
               subparagraphs (a) to (e), must be given priority in decisions about the use of
               available capacity and resources, over any of the other tasks described in paragraphs
               3 and 4;
                      7.    Requests the Secretary-General to present recommendations in his next
               three-monthly report on the progressive handover of those tasks listed in paragraph
               4, from MONUC to the United Nations country team and bilateral and multilateral
               partners, as far as the western part of the country is concerned, with a view to
               reinforcing the action of United Nations peacebuilding mechanisms in the
               Democratic Republic of the Congo and in order to permit MONUC to concentrate
               its efforts on the eastern part of the country;
                    8.    Underscores the importance of MONUC implementing the mandate
               described in this resolution in full, including through robust rules of engagement
               and requests the Secretary-General to ensure that MONUC’s concept of operation
               and rules of engagement are updated by 31 January 2009 to bring them fully in line
               with the provisions of this resolution and to report on it to the Security Council and
               troop-contributing countries;
                     9.    Requests the Secretary-General to continue to report regularly, and at
               least every three months, on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
               and on MONUC’s activities, and to provide the Security Council, with the same
               regularity, a specific update on the military situation;
                    10. Requests in particular the Secretary-General, in his next report under
               paragraph 9 above, to inform the Security Council on the development of a strategic

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           workplan with appropriate benchmarks to measure and track progress on the
           implementation the mandate described in paragraphs 3 and 4;
                11. Requests the Secretary-General to include in his next report a
           comprehensive assessment of MONUC’s DDR and DDRRR programmes and, in
           close coordination with his Special Envoy for the Great Lakes region, to make
           recommendations on possible adjustments needed to increase their effectiveness,
           resourcing and coordination with MONUC’s military component;
                 12. Demands that all parties cooperate fully with the operations of MONUC
           and that they ensure the security of as well as unhindered and immediate access for
           United Nations and associated personnel in carrying out their mandate, throughout
           the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, demands in particular that all
           parties provide full access to MONUC military observers, including in all ports,
           airports, airfields, military bases and border crossings, and, in addition, that
           MONUC human rights observers are granted access to detention centres and
           brassage centres, and requests the Secretary-General to report without delay any
           failure to comply with these demands;
                 13. Requests MONUC, in view of the scale and severity of sexual violence
           committed especially by armed elements in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
           to strengthen its efforts to prevent and respond to sexual violence, including through
           training for the Congolese security forces in accordance with its mandate, and to
           regularly report, including in a separate annex if necessary, on actions taken in this
           regard, including data on instances of sexual violence and trend analyses of the
           problem;
                 14. Emphasizes that operations led by the FARDC against illegal foreign and
           Congolese armed groups should, consistent with the mandate set forth in paragraph
           3 subparagraph (g) above, be planned jointly with MONUC and in accordance with
           international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law and should include
           appropriate measures to protect civilians;
                 15. Takes note of the measures taken by MONUC to address instances of
           sexual exploitation and abuse and of the zero-tolerance policy, requests the
           Secretary-General to continue to fully investigate the allegations of sexual
           exploitation and violence by civilian and military personnel of MONUC, to take the
           appropriate measures set out in the Secretary-General’s bulletin on special measures
           for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST/SGB/2003/13);
                16. Encourages MONUC to enhance its interaction with the civilian
           population, in particular internally displaced persons, to raise awareness and
           understanding about its mandate and activities;
                 17. Demands that all the parties to the Goma and Nairobi processes respect
           the ceasefire and implement their commitments effectively and in good faith, calls
           on all armed groups to immediately lay down their arms and present themselves
           without any further delay or preconditions to Congolese authorities and MONUC
           for their disarmament, repatriation, resettlement and/or reintegration, as appropriate;
                 18. Requests the Secretary-General and his Special Envoy for the Great
           Lakes region to intensify their good offices, in close consultation with the Special
           Representative of the Secretary-General for the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
           in facilitating a political solution to address the underlying causes of the crisis in the

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               Kivus and calls on the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the
               Government of Rwanda and other Governments of the region, international partners
               and all regional and Congolese parties to cooperate with the Special Envoy of the
               Secretary-General for the Great Lakes region and with the Special Representative of
               the Secretary-General for the Democratic Republic of the Congo;
                    19. Urges the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the
               Government of the Republic of Rwanda to take concrete steps to defuse tensions,
               including through reactivating the Joint Verification Mechanism, and to step up their
               cooperation in order to implement fully the commitments taken in their joint
               communiqué signed in Nairobi on 9 November 2007 (S/2007/679), in particular to
               address as a priority the disarmament and repatriation of the FDLR working in close
               cooperation with the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Great Lakes
               region and MONUC;
                     20. Urges all Governments in the region, in particular those of Burundi, the
               Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Uganda, to resolve in a
               constructive manner their shared security and border problems, to prevent the use of
               their respective territories in support of violations of the arms embargo reaffirmed
               by resolution 1807 (2008) or in support of activities of armed groups present in the
               region, and abide by their commitments made at the Tripartite Plus meeting of
               September 2007 to establish bilateral diplomatic relationships;
                     21. Urges all States, especially those in the region, to take appropriate steps
               to end the illicit trade in natural resources, including if necessary through judicial
               means, and, where necessary, to report to the Security Council, encourages in
               particular the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to work with
               specialist organizations, international financial institutions and MONUC, as well as
               the countries of the region, to establish a plan for an effective and transparent
               control over the exploitation of natural resources including through conducting a
               mapping exercise of the main sites of illegal exploitation;
                     22. Requests the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with
               the support of the international community and of MONUC, to develop and
               implement as a matter of urgency a comprehensive national security sector reform
               strategy, including based on the outcome of the Roundtable on Security Sector held
               in February 2008, in order to establish professional security organizations in the
               areas of defence, police and the administration of justice that protect civilians, are
               well managed, and act in accordance with the Constitution and with respect for the
               rule of law, human rights and international humanitarian law and urges the
               Congolese Government to ensure the sustainability of the support given by its
               partners in this area in particular by giving priority to the reform of the
               administration and command structures of FARDC and all its other security forces
               and reiterates its call upon the Congolese authorities to establish a vetting
               mechanism to take into account when they select candidates for official positions,
               including key posts in the armed forces, national police and other security services,
               the candidates’ past actions in terms of respect for international humanitarian law
               and human rights;
                    23. Demands that all parties ensure timely, safe and unhindered access of all
               humanitarian actors and comply fully with their obligations under international law,
               including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law;

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                 24. Demands, recalling its resolution 1698 (2006), that all armed groups, in
           particular the forces of Laurent Nkunda, the FDLR and the LRA immediately stop
           recruiting and using children and release all children associated with them;
                25. Recalls the utmost importance of the fight against impunity, notably in
           the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, by bringing to justice
           those who have committed crimes and atrocities;
                26. Requests the Secretary-General, through his Special Representative for
           the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to continue to coordinate all the activities of
           the United Nations system in the Democratic Republic of the Congo;
                27.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 1856 (2008) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)]

Burundi|Congo, The Democratic Republic of the|Congo|Niger|Nigeria|Rwanda|Tanzania, United Republic of|Uganda

Eastern Africa|Middle Africa|Western Africa

UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo. Forces armées|Lord's Resistance Army (Uganda)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|CIVILIAN PERSONS|DISPLACED PERSONS|DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO|DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SITUATION|RELIEF PERSONNEL|WOMEN IN ARMED CONFLICTS|CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICTS|STAFF SECURITY|EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES|DISARMAMENT|MILITARY DEMOBILIZATION|SOCIAL INTEGRATION|MILITARY PERSONNEL|TRAINING PROGRAMMES|SECURITY SECTOR REFORM|REPORT PREPARATION|TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS|MILITARY ACTIVITY|NEIGHBOURING STATES|INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW|REFUGEE LAW|GREAT LAKES REGION (AFRICA)|AFRICA|SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES|GOOD OFFICES|NORD-KIVU (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO)|SUD-KIVU (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO)|IMPUNITY

S/63 [102] DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SITUATION
S/63 [105] UN ORGANIZATION MISSION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO


               United Nations                                                                  S/RES/1857 (2008)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               22 December 2008

               Resolution 1857 (2008)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 6056th meeting, on
               22 December 2008

                    The Security Council,
                   Recalling its previous resolutions, in particular resolution 1804 (2008) and
               1807 (2008), and the statements of its President concerning the Democratic
               Republic of the Congo,
                     Reaffirming its commitment to the sovereignty, territorial integrity and
               political independence of the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as all States
               in the region,
                     Reiterating its serious concern regarding the presence of armed groups and
               militias in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, particularly in
               the provinces of North and South Kivu and the Ituri district, which perpetuate a
               climate of insecurity in the whole region, and demanding that all the parties to the
               Goma and Nairobi processes to respect the ceasefire and implement their
               commitments effectively and in good faith,
                     Stressing the primary responsibility of the Government of the Democratic
               Republic of the Congo for ensuring security in its territory and protecting its
               civilians with respect for the rule of law, human rights and international
               humanitarian law,
                     Taking note of the interim and final reports (S/2008/772 and S/2008/773) of
               the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo (“the Group of
               Experts”) established pursuant to resolution 1771 (2007) and extended pursuant to
               resolution 1807 (2008) and of their recommendations,
                     Condemning the continuing illicit flow of weapons within and into the
               Democratic Republic of the Congo and declaring its determination to continue to
               monitor closely the implementation of the arms embargo and other measures set out
               by its resolutions concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
                     Stressing the obligation of all States to abide by the notification requirements
               set out in paragraph 5 of resolution 1807 (2008),
                     Reiterating the importance of the Government of the Democratic Republic of
               the Congo and the Governments of the region taking effective steps to ensure that
               there is no support, in and from their territories, for the armed groups in the eastern
               part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo,

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                    Supporting the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s decision to work towards
               enhancing revenue transparency in its extractive industries,
                      Recognizing the linkage between the illegal exploitation of natural resources,
               illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of
               the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of
               Africa,
                    Recalling its resolutions 1325 (2000) and 1820 (2008) on women, peace and
               security, its resolution 1502 (2003) on the protection of United Nations personnel,
               associated personnel and humanitarian personnel in conflict zones, its resolution
               1612 (2005) on children in armed conflict and its resolution 1674 (2006) on the
               protection of civilians in armed conflicts,
                    Determining that the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
               continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.   Decides to renew until 30 November 2009 the measures on arms imposed
               by paragraph 1 of resolution 1807 (2008) and reaffirms the provisions of paragraphs
               2, 3 and 5 of that resolution;
                     2.    Decides to renew, for the period specified in paragraph 1 above, the
               measures on transport imposed by paragraphs 6, and 8 of resolution 1807 and
               reaffirms the provisions of paragraph 7 of that resolution;
                    3.    Decides to renew, for the period specified in paragraph 1 above, the
               financial and travel measures imposed by paragraphs 9 and 11 of resolution
               1807 (2008) and reaffirms the provisions of paragraphs 10 and 12 of that resolution;
                    4.   Decides that the measures referred to in paragraph 3 above shall apply to
               the following individuals and, as appropriate, entities, as designated by the
               Committee:
                     (a) Persons or entities acting in violation of the measures taken by Member
               States in accordance with paragraph 1 above;
                     (b) Political and military leaders of foreign armed groups operating in the
               Democratic Republic of the Congo who impede the disarmament and the voluntary
               repatriation or resettlement of combatants belonging to those groups;
                     (c) Political and military leaders of Congolese militias receiving support
               from outside the Democratic Republic of the Congo, who impede the participation
               of their combatants in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes;
                     (d) Political and military leaders operating in the Democratic Republic of the
               Congo and recruiting or using children in armed conflicts in violation of applicable
               international law;
                     (e) Individuals operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and
               committing serious violations of international law involving the targeting of
               children or women in situations of armed conflict, including killing and maiming,
               sexual violence, abduction and forced displacement;
                     (f) Individuals obstructing the access to or the distribution of humanitarian
               assistance in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo;

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                                                                                S/RES/1857 (2008)

                (g) Individuals or entities supporting the illegal armed groups in the eastern
           part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo through illicit trade of natural
           resources;
                 5.   Decides, for a further period ending on the date referred to in paragraph
           1 above, that the measures in paragraph 3 above shall continue to apply to
           individuals and entities already designated pursuant to paragraphs 9 and 11 of
           resolution 1807 (2008), paragraphs 13 and 15 of resolution 1596 (2005), paragraph
           2 of resolution 1649 (2005), and paragraph 13 of resolution 1698 (2006), unless the
           Committee decides otherwise;
                 6.   Decides further to expand the mandate of the Committee as set out in
           paragraph 8 of resolution 1533 (2004) and expanded upon in paragraph 18 of
           resolution 1596 (2005), paragraph 4 of resolution 1649 (2005) and paragraph 14 of
           resolution 1698 (2006) and reaffirmed in paragraph 15 of resolution 1807 (2008) to
           include the following tasks:
                (a) to review regularly the list of individuals and entities designated by the
           Committee pursuant to paragraphs 4 and 5 above with a view to keeping the list as
           updated and accurate as possible and to confirm that listing remains appropriate and
           to encourage Member States to provide any additional information whenever such
           information becomes available;
                (b) to promulgate guidelines in order to facilitate the implementation of the
           measures imposed by this resolution and keep them under active review as may be
           necessary;
                 7.    Calls upon all States, in particular those of the region, to support the
           implementation of the measures specified in this resolution, to cooperate fully with
           the Committee in carrying out its mandate and to report to the Committee, within
           forty-five days from the date of adoption of this resolution, on the actions they have
           taken to implement the measures imposed by paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 above and
           encourages all States to send representatives, at the Committee’s request, to meet
           the Committee for more in-depth discussion of relevant issues;
                8.    Requests the Secretary-General to extend, for a period expiring on
           30 November 2009, the Group of Experts established pursuant to resolution 1771
           (2007) and requests the Group of Experts to fulfil its mandate as set out in
           paragraph 18 of resolution 1807 (2008) and to report to the Council in writing,
           through the Committee, by 15 May 2009 and again before 15 October 2009;
                9.   Decides that the mandate of the Group of Experts referred to in
           paragraphs 8 above shall also include the tasks outlined below:
                (a) to include in its reports to the Committee any information relevant to the
           Committee’s designation of the individuals and entities described in paragraph 4 and
           5 above;
                 (b) to assist the Committee in updating the publicly available reasons for
           listing and identifying information for individuals and entities referenced in
           paragraph 5 above and in compiling narrative summaries referred to in paragraph
           18 below;
                10. Requests the Group of Experts to continue to focus its activities in North
           and South Kivu and in Ituri;

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S/RES/1857 (2008)

                     11. Requests the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
               other governments in the region as appropriate, the United Nations Organization
               Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) and the Group of
               Experts, to cooperate intensively, including by exchanging information regarding
               arms shipments, the illegal trafficking in natural resources and activities of
               individuals and entities designated by the Committee pursuant to paragraphs 4 and
               5 above;
                     12. Requests in particular that MONUC share information with the Group of
               Experts, especially on the support received by armed groups, on recruitment and use
               of children and on the targeting of women and children in situations of armed
               conflicts;
                     13. Further demands that all parties and all States ensure cooperation with
               the Group of Experts by individuals and entities within their jurisdiction or under
               their control;
                     14. Reiterates its demand, expressed in paragraph 21 of resolution 1807, that
               all parties and all States, particularly those in the region, cooperate fully with the
               work of the Group of Experts, and that they ensure:
                    – the safety of its members;
                    – unhindered and immediate access, in particular to persons, documents and
                      sites the Group of Experts deems relevant to the execution of its mandate;
                     15. Encourages Member States to take measures, as they deem appropriate,
               to ensure that importers, processing industries and consumers of Congolese mineral
               products under their jurisdiction exercise due diligence on their suppliers and on the
               origin of the minerals they purchase;
                      16. Encourages Member States to submit to the Committee for inclusion on
               its list of designees, names of individuals or entities who meet the criteria set out in
               paragraph 4 above, as well as any entities owned or controlled, directly or indirectly,
               by the submitted individuals or entities acting on behalf of or at the direction of the
               submitted entities;
                     17. Decides that, when proposing names to the Committee for listing,
               Member States shall provide a detailed statement of case, together with sufficient
               identifying information to allow for the positive identification of individuals and
               entities by Member States, and decides further that for each such proposal Member
               States shall identify those parts of the statement of case that may be publicly
               released, including for use by the Committee for development of the summary
               described in paragraph 18 below or for the purpose of notifying or informing the
               listed individual or entity, and those parts which may be released upon request to
               interested States;
                     18. Directs the Committee in coordination with the relevant designating
               States and with the assistance of the Group of Experts referred to in paragraph
               8 above after a name is added to the list, to make accessible on the Committee’s
               website a narrative summary of reasons for listing and further directs the
               Committee, with the assistance of the Group of Experts and in coordination with the
               relevant designating States, to update the publicly available reasons for listing and
               identifying information for the individuals and entities referred to in paragraph 5;

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                                                                                S/RES/1857 (2008)

                 19. Decides that the Secretariat shall, after publication but within one week
           after a name is added to the list of individuals and entities, notify the Permanent
           Mission of the country or countries where the individual or entity is believed to be
           located and, in the case of individuals, the country of which the person is a national
           (to the extent this information is known) and to include with this notification a copy
           of the publicly releasable portion of the statement of case, any information on
           reasons for listing available on the Committee’s website, a description of the effects
           of designation, the Committee’s procedures for considering delisting requests, and
           the provisions regarding available exemptions;
                20. Demands that Member States receiving notification as in paragraph
           19 above take, in accordance with their domestic laws and practices, all possible
           measures to notify or inform in a timely manner the listed individual or entity of the
           designation, together with the information provided by the Secretariat as set out in
           paragraph 19 above;
                21. Welcomes the establishment within the Secretariat of the Focal Point,
           pursuant to resolution 1730 (2006), that provides listed individuals, groups,
           undertakings or entities with the option to submit a petition for de-listing directly to
           the Focal Point;
                22. Urges designating States and States of citizenship and residence to
           review de-listing petitions received through the Focal Point, in accordance with the
           procedures outlined in the annex to resolution 1730 (2006), in a timely manner and
           to indicate whether they support or oppose the request in order to facilitate the
           Committee’s review;
                23. Directs the Committee to consider requests, in accordance with its
           guidelines, for the removal from the Committee’s list of designees those who no
           longer meet the criteria pursuant to this resolution;
                 24. Decides that the Secretariat shall, within one week after a name is
           removed from the Committee’s list of designees, notify the Permanent Mission of
           the country or countries where the individual or entity is believed to be located and,
           in the case of individuals, the country of which the person is a national (to the extent
           this information is known), and demands that States receiving such notification take
           measures, in accordance with their domestic laws and practices, to notify or inform
           the concerned individual or entity of the delisting in a timely manner;
                25. Encourages the Committee to ensure that fair and clear procedures exist
           for placing individuals and entities on the Committee’s list of designees and for
           removing them as well as for granting humanitarian exemptions;
                 26. Decides that, when appropriate and no later than 30 November 2009, it
           shall review the measures set forth in this resolution, with a view to adjusting them,
           as appropriate, in the light of consolidation of the security situation in the
           Democratic Republic of the Congo, in particular progress in security sector reform
           including the integration of the armed forces and the reform of the national police,
           and in disarming, demobilizing, repatriating, resettling and reintegrating, as
           appropriate, Congolese and foreign armed groups;
                27.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 1857 (2008) [on renewal of measures on arms embargo against all non-governmental entities and individuals operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]

Congo, The Democratic Republic of the|Congo

UN. Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004)|UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo|UN. Group of Experts Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|ARMS EMBARGO|ARMS TRANSFERS|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO|DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO SITUATION|NEIGHBOURING STATES|SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE|INFORMATION EXCHANGE|TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS|CHILD SOLDIERS|WEBSITES|GUIDELINES|NORD-KIVU (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO)|SUD-KIVU (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO)|ITURI (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO : DISTRICT)|STAFF SECURITY|NATURAL RESOURCES|FOCAL POINTS|LAWS AND REGULATIONS


               United Nations                                                                  S/RES/1858 (2008)
               Security Council                                                Distr.: General
                                                                               22 December 2008

               Resolution 1858 (2008)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 6057th meeting, on
               22 December 2008

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling its resolutions and the statements of its President on Burundi, in
               particular resolutions 1719 (2006) and 1791 (2007),
                     Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial
               integrity and unity of Burundi,
                    Welcoming the Declaration of the Summit of the Heads of State and
               Government of the Great Lakes Region on the Burundi Peace Process, which took
               place in Bujumbura on 4 December 2008 and the agreements reached between the
               Government of Burundi and the Forces Nationales de Libération (Palipehutu-FNL),
                    Paying tribute to the Regional Peace Initiative, the South African Facilitation,
               the African Union and the Political Directorate for their sustained engagement in
               support of Burundi’s peace consolidation efforts, to promote the full implementation
               of the Comprehensive Ceasefire Agreement signed on 7 September 2006 in
               Dar es Salaam between the Government of Burundi and the Palipehutu-FNL,
                     Taking note of the progress achieved by Burundi in key peace consolidation
               areas, as well as the remaining challenges, in particular implementing the
               Comprehensive Ceasefire Agreement with the Palipehutu-FNL, consolidating
               democratically elected institutions, strengthening good governance, completing the
               disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process, and taking forward the
               reform of the security sector, including ensuring that the security forces and justice
               institutions effectively protect human rights and the rule of law,
                     Welcoming the establishment of the Permanent National Independent Electoral
               Commission, recalling the need for nominations of its members to be through an
               independent and inclusive process and recalling the importance that the elections
               scheduled in 2010 are prepared in the spirit of reconciliation and dialogue enshrined
               in the Burundian Constitution that had led to a successful transition,
                    Emphasizing the need for the United Nations system and the international
               community to maintain their support for peace consolidation and long-term
               development in Burundi, welcoming the continued engagement of the Peacebuilding
               Commission on Burundi and the recent visit of the delegation led by the Chairman

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               of the Commission’s Burundi configuration and taking note of the June 2008
               biannual review of progress in the implementation of the Strategic Framework for
               Peacebuilding in Burundi and of the briefing of the Chairman of the Burundi
               configuration of the Peacebuilding Commission on 11 December 2008,
                    Recognizing the importance of transitional justice in promoting lasting
               reconciliation among all the people of Burundi and welcoming progress in the
               preparations for national consultations on the establishment of transitional justice
               mechanisms, including through the establishment of a Technical Follow-up
               Committee and a forum of civil society representatives,
                     Noting with concern the continuing human rights violations and restrictions on
               civil liberties, including arrests of members of the political opposition and
               representatives of civil society, the media and trade unions and welcoming the
               decision of the Government to rescind its order to regulate meetings and
               demonstrations of political parties and associations,
                     Welcoming the Burundian authorities’ efforts to fight impunity, in particular
               the trial and conviction of some of the perpetrators of the Muyinga massacre,
                     Recalling its resolution 1325 (2000) and 1820 (2008) on women, peace and
               security, its resolution 1674 (2006) on the protection of civilians in armed conflicts
               and its resolution 1612 (2005) on children in armed conflict,
                    Having considered the fourth report (S/2008/745) of the Secretary-General on
               the United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi (BINUB),
                     1.    Decides to extend until 31 December 2009 the mandate of BINUB, as set
               out in resolutions 1719 (2006) and renewed in its resolution 1791 (2007);
                     2.   Urges the Government of Burundi and the Palipehutu-FNL to make every
               effort to implement, before 31 December 2008, the agreements they reached on
               4 December 2008 so as to bring this last phase of the peace process to a successful
               conclusion and calls on both parties to desist from any action that may create
               tension or bring about the resumption of hostilities and to resolve outstanding issues
               through dialogue and in a spirit of cooperation;
                     3.   Calls on the Palipehutu-FNL to work with the Government, the Joint
               Verification and Monitoring Mechanism and all international partners in order to
               encourage all its combatants to move without conditionalities to assembly areas and
               to fully implement the disarmament, demobilization and reinsertion process;
                     4.   Encourages the Regional Initiative leaders, the African Union, the South
               African Facilitation, the Political Directorate and other international partners to
               sustain their efforts in order to assist the parties in the implementation of the
               4 December Declaration and to remain actively engaged on the ground to monitor
               the process and to ensure its sustainability;
                     5.    Reiterates its request for the Secretary-General, including through
               BINUB, to play a robust political role in support of all facets of the peace process,
               in full coordination with subregional, regional and international partners;
                     6.   Encourages the Government of Burundi to take the necessary measures
               to create an environment conducive to the holding of free, fair and peaceful
               elections in 2010 and welcomes the United Nations readiness to assist in the
               process;

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                                                                                S/RES/1858 (2008)

                 7.    Requests the Executive Representative of the Secretary-General to
           facilitate and promote dialogue among national and international stakeholders, in
           particular in the context of the upcoming elections, while continuing to support their
           efforts to sustain peace and stability;
                8.     Encourages the Government of Burundi to pursue its efforts regarding
           peace consolidation challenges, in particular democratic governance, justice,
           security reforms and protection of human rights;
                 9.   Encourages the Government of Burundi, the Peacebuilding Commission,
           and its national and international partners to honour the commitments they have
           made under the Strategic Framework for Peacebuilding and requests the
           Peacebuilding Commission, with support from BINUB and the United Nations
           Country Team, to continue to assist the Government of Burundi in laying the
           foundations for sustainable peace and security and long-term development in
           Burundi and in mobilizing the resources needed to achieve these aims, including for
           the coming elections;
                 10. Underscores the importance of the disarmament, demobilization and
           reintegration process and urges all international partners, in particular BINUB,
           UNDP and the World Bank, to ensure that there are no gaps in resources and
           capacities during the interim period between the Multi-country Demobilization and
           Reintegration Programme and the establishment of the Burundi-specific trust fund
           mechanism;
                 11. Encourages in this regard the Government of Burundi, in collaboration
           with all international partners, to elaborate a disarmament, demobilization and
           reintegration strategy and to lay the foundations for the sustainable socio-economic
           reintegration of demobilized soldiers, ex-combatants, returning refugees, the
           displaced and other vulnerable groups affected by the conflict, particularly women
           and children, in accordance with Security Council resolutions 1325 (2000),
           1612 (2005), 1674 (2006) and 1820 (2008);
                 12. Encourages the Government of Burundi, with the support of BINUB and
           other partners, to ensure that national consultations on the establishment of
           transitional justice mechanisms are begun as soon as possible, without further delay;
                 13. Encourages the Government of Burundi to pursue its efforts to broaden
           the respect and protection of human rights, including through the establishment of
           an National Independent Human Rights Commission, bearing in mind the Paris
           Principles outlined in General Assembly resolution 48/134 and further encourages it
           to end impunity and to take the necessary measures to ensure its citizens fully enjoy
           their civil, political, social, economic, cultural rights without fear or intimidation, as
           enshrined in the Constitution of Burundi and provided for by international human
           rights instruments, including those ratified by Burundi;
                14. Expresses in particular its concern at the continuing sexual and
           gender-based violence, and urges the Government to take the necessary steps,
           including through specific legislation to prevent further violations and to ensure that
           those responsible are brought to justice, in accordance with international law;
                15. Demands that the Palipehutu-FNL and other armed groups release
           unconditionally and without further delay all children associated with them and
           emphasizes the need for their sustainable reintegration and reinsertion;

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                    16. Urges BINUB to strengthen current provisions for cooperation with the
               United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
               (MONUC), within the limits of their respective capacities and current mandate;
                     17. Encourages the Executive Representative of the Secretary-General to
               pursue his action to enhance the integration and effectiveness of United Nations
               efforts on the ground in support of the implementation of the Strategic Framework
               for Peacebuilding in Burundi and of the recovery and development priorities of the
               Government and people of Burundi;
                     18. Requests the Secretary-General to report by May 2009 to the Council on
               the implementation of the mandate of BINUB, including on the results of the
               technical assessment mission he intends to conduct early in 2009 and to incorporate
               in his report any recommendations that may guide the Security Council in deciding
               on the future direction of BINUB;
                    19.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

4                                                                                08-66559

Security Council resolution 1858 (2008) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Integrated Office in Burundi (BINUB)]

Burundi|Congo, The Democratic Republic of the|Congo|South Africa

Eastern Africa|Middle Africa|Southern Africa

UN Integrated Office in Burundi|Joint Verification and Monitoring Mechanism (Burundi)|Parti pour la libération du peuple hutu du Burundi|Forces nationales de libération (Burundi)|South African Facilitation|Great Lakes Regional Peace Initiative on Burundi|African Union|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Office in Burundi|UN. Peacebuilding Commission|UNDP|IBRD|UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Comprehensive Ceasefire Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Burundi and the PALIPEHUTU-FNL (2006)|Strategic Framework for Peacebuilding in Burundi (2007)|PEACEBUILDING|POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION|SECURITY SECTOR REFORM|GOVERNANCE|BURUNDI|BURUNDI SITUATION|ELECTIONS|TRUST FUNDS|DISARMAMENT|MILITARY DEMOBILIZATION|REINTEGRATION|WOMEN IN ARMED CONFLICTS|CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICTS|TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE|HUMAN RIGHTS|GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE