               United Nations                                                                       S/RES/2573 (2021)
               Security Council                                                   Distr.: General
                                                                                27 April 2021

               Resolution 2573 (2021)
               Adopted by the Security Council on 27 April 2021

                     Reiterating its primary responsibility under the Charter of the United Nations
               for the maintenance of international peace and security and, in this context, the need
               to promote and ensure respect for international humanitarian law,
                    Recalling all relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 1265
               (1999), 1894 (2009), 1998 (2011), 2175 (2014), 2286 (2016), 2417 (2018), and its
               Presidential Statements of 12 February 1999 (S/PRST/1999/6), 12 February 2013
               (S/PRST/2013/2), 9 August 2017 (S/PRST/2017/14), 20 August 2019
               (S/PRST/2019/8), and 29 April 2020 (S/PRST/2020/6),
                    Reaffirming the full respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political
               independence of all States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,
                    Reiterating the primary responsibility of States to protect the population
               throughout their territories,
                     Gravely concerned about the level of violence against civilians in situations of
               armed conflicts, including indiscriminate attacks and establishment of military
               positions in densely populated areas, and their devastating impacts upon civilians,
                     Emphasising with deep concern that ongoing armed conflicts have devastating
               impacts on civilians and civilian objects, including civilians engaged in duties related
               to the operation, maintenance or repair of civilian infrastructure that is critical to the
               delivery of essential services to the civilian population and their assets that are
               civilian as such, and on objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian
               population, exacerbate existing socio-economic fragilities and vulnerabilities,
               overstretch limited resources, resulting in reduced access to essential services such as
               health care, water, sanitation, energy, posing devastating consequences for the civilian
               population, and hindering an effective humanitarian response,
                    Recognizing the interconnectedness of certain essential services, as well as the
               vulnerabilities of objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population that
               can be damaged in situations of armed conflict,
                     Reiterating the call on all parties to armed conflict to comply with their
               obligations under international humanitarian law including regarding respecting and
               protecting civilians and taking constant care to spare civilian objects, including such
               objects critical to the delivery of essential services to the civilian population,
               refraining from attacking, destroying, removing or rendering useless objects that are

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S/RES/2573 (2021)

               indispensable to the survival of the civilian population and respecting and protecting
               humanitarian personnel and consignments used for humanitarian relief operations,
                     Further expressing concern about the misuse of objects indispensable to the
               survival of the civilian population in contravention of applicable international law,
               that may endanger civilians and their ability to access essential services in situations
               of armed conflict,
                     Recalling its deep concern at the military use of schools in contravention of
               applicable international law, recognising that such use may render schools legitimate
               targets of attack, thus endangering children’s and teachers’ safety as well as children’s
               education,
                     Noting with concern the threats posed to civilian infrastructure, incl uding that
               which supports essential services to the civilian population, by the use of any means
               or methods of warfare in violation of international humanitarian law, and the
               potentially devastating humanitarian impact of such use in situations of armed
               conflict,
                     Noting that armed conflicts, violations of international humanitarian law and
               international human rights law, and destruction of or other damage to objects
               indispensable to the survival of the civilian population can reduce or deprive civilians
               of access to essential services in situations of armed conflicts, and can be drivers of
               or aggravate forced displacement, compound the spread of infectious diseases in these
               contexts and hamper an effective public health response,
                     Reiterating its commitment to pursue all possible avenues to prevent and end
               armed conflicts, including through addressing their underlying root causes in an
               inclusive, integrated and sustainable manner,
                     Reiterating the need to strengthen efforts to resolve armed conflict and build
               sustainable peace and convinced that the protection of civilians in armed conflict and
               the protection of objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population
               should be an important aspect in this regard,
                     Reiterating deep concern at the increasing number of civilians in ongoing armed
               conflict and related violence facing the threat of conflict -induced food insecurity and
               the threat of famine,
                    Noting that the humanitarian situation in many armed conflicts can also be
               compounded by economic crises, increasingly frequent and severe weather events,
               and natural disasters and has deteriorated as a result of the impacts of the COVID -19
               pandemic and, in this regard, reaffirming the need for combatting and sustainably
               recovering from the pandemic,
                     Recalling the obligations of all parties to armed conflicts under international
               law, including international human rights law, as applicable, and international
               humanitarian law including the prohibition of attacks directed against civilians and
               civilian objects, medical personnel and humanitarian personnel exclusively engaged
               in medical duties, their means of transport and equipment, hospitals, and other
               medical facilities,
                     Underlining the obligations of all parties to armed conflicts under international
               humanitarian law related to protecting civilians and civilian objects, meeting the basic
               needs of the civilian population within their territory or under their control, and
               allowing and facilitating the rapid and unimpeded passage of impartial hu manitarian
               relief to all those in need,
                    Stressing the particular impact that armed conflict has on women, children,
               including as refugees and internally displaced persons, and other civilians who may

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           have specific vulnerabilities including persons with disabilities and older persons,
           including through increased risk of violence and lack of access to essential services,
           and stressing the protection and assistance needs of all affected civilian populations,
                 Recalling its practice that mandates of UN peacekeeping and other relevant
           missions include, where appropriate and on a case-by-case basis, provisions regarding
           the protection of civilians,
                Stressing the need to fight against impunity and the importance of ensuring
           accountability for serious violations of international law, including international
           humanitarian law and international human rights law,
                 Recognising the need to return as quickly as possible and in an inclusive and
           equitable manner provision of essential services, while building back better an d
           providing more resilient essential services to the civilian population, in contributing
           to advancing the comprehensive approach to sustaining peace in countries in
           situations of armed conflict and post-conflict, and in this regard, welcoming relevant
           international and regional cooperation,
                 1.   Strongly condemns attacks in situations of armed conflicts directed against
           civilians as such and other protected persons or civilian objects, as well as
           indiscriminate or disproportionate attacks, resulting in the deprivation of the civilian
           population of objects indispensable to their survival, as flagrant violations of
           international humanitarian law, deplores the long-term humanitarian consequences of
           such attacks for the civilian population and demands that all p arties to armed conflict
           immediately put an end to such practices;
                 2.    Demands that all parties to armed conflicts fully comply with their
           obligations under international humanitarian law, including regarding distinguishing
           between, on the one hand, civilian populations, civilian objects and all other persons
           and objects afforded protection, and, on the other hand, combatants and military
           objectives, prohibiting indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks, taking all feasible
           precautions in planning, deciding and conducting attacks to avoid, and in any event
           minimize, harm to civilians and civilian objects, and taking all feasible precautions
           to protect the civilian population and civilian objects within their control against the
           effects of attacks;
                 3.   Further demands that all parties to armed conflict fully comply with their
           obligations under international humanitarian law regarding taking due care to spare
           the civilian population, civilians and civilian objects, refraining from attacking,
           destroying, removing or rendering useless objects indispensable to the survival of the
           civilian population, and respecting and protecting humanitarian personnel and
           consignments used for humanitarian relief operations;
                 4.  Strongly condemns the use of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare
           in a number of armed conflict situations which is prohibited by international law and
           may constitute a war crime;
                 5.    Strongly condemns the unlawful denial of humanitarian access and
           depriving civilians of objects indispensable to their survival in situations of armed
           conflict, as well as the misuse of objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian
           population in violation of international law by all parties to armed conflict;
                  6.    Urges all parties to armed conflict to protect civilian infrastructure which
           is critical to the delivery of humanitarian aid including for the provision of essential
           services concerning vaccinations and related medical care and other essential services
           to the civilian population in armed conflict and to ensuring the proper functioning of
           food systems and markets in situations of armed conflict;

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                     7.    Reiterates its demand that all parties to armed conflict engage immediately
               in a durable humanitarian pause to facilitate safe, unhindered and sustained de livery
               of humanitarian assistance, provision of related services by impartial humanitarian
               actors, consistent with humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality
               and independence, and medical evacuations, in accordance with international law,
               including international humanitarian law and refugee law as applicable, as well as
               equitable, safe and unhindered delivery and distribution of COVID -19 vaccination in
               areas of armed conflict;
                    8.    Reiterates the important role that capacity building in international
               humanitarian law can play in supporting efforts to protect objects indispensable to the
               survival of the civilian population and welcomes efforts by all parties to integrate or
               continue to integrate measures in this regard;
                     9.    Encourages all efforts to protect objects indispensable to the survival of
               the civilian population and civilian infrastructure that is critical to enable the delivery
               of essential services in armed conflict, upon request, to meet the basic needs of the
               civilian population, including by:
                    (a) Protection of civilians operating, maintaining or repairing these objects,
               as well as their movement for the purpose of maintaining, repairing or operating such
               objects;
                    (b) Allowing and facilitating safe passage of equipment, transport and
               supplies necessary for the reparation, maintenance or operation of such objects;
                     10. Stresses the need to ensure better cooperation and coordination at the
               international level, including among the United Nations and relevant international,
               regional and sub-regional organizations, including through technical assistance and
               capacity building, with a view to supporting those affected by armed conflict to
               reduce humanitarian needs, enhance long-term recovery, protect livelihoods, improve
               access to essential services, build resilience of conflict-affected populations, and
               recover from the pandemic, while ensuring full, equal and meaningful participation
               of women in efforts to promote and maintain peace and security and promoting the
               inclusion of young people, and contributing to the achievement of the 2030 Agenda
               for Sustainable Development;
                    11. Encourages the enhancement of technical expertise as appropriate within
               United Nations country teams so that they may, where appropriate and within their
               respective mandates and capabilities, respond effectively to support the provision of
               essential services;
                    12. Requests the Secretary-General to include as a sub-item in the reports on
               the protection of civilians the issue of protection of objects indispensable to the
               survival of the civilian population.

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Security Council resolution 2573 (2021) [on protection of civilian infrastructure in armed conflicts]

HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

S/76 [189] CIVILIAN PERSONS--ARMED CONFLICTS
S/ X Protection of civilians in armed conflict.


               United Nations                                                                     S/RES/2574 (2021)
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                11 May 2021

               Resolution 2574 (2021)
               Adopted by the Security Council on 11 May 2021

                    The Security Council,
                   Reaffirming its full commitment to the peace process in the Republic of
               Colombia,
                    Recalling all its resolutions and statements of its President regarding the peace
               process in Colombia,
                     Welcoming the progress made towards peace across Colombia since the adoption
               of the Final Agreement for Ending the Conflict and Building a Stable and Lasting
               Peace (the Final Agreement) and urging the parties, with the support of relevant state
               institutions and security forces, as well as civil society, to work together to sustain
               progress and address challenges, in particular the continued violence in conflict -
               affected areas, through comprehensive implementation of the Final Agreement, and
               recalling in this regard the five priorities for 2021 recommended by the Secretary -
               General in his report S/2020/1301,
                     Recalling in particular its resolution 2366 (2017) which established the United
               Nations Verification Mission in Colombia (the Verification Mission) to verify
               implementation by the Government of Colombia and Revolutionary Armed Forces of
               Colombia (FARC-EP) of sections 3.2 and 3.4 of the Final Agreement as called for in
               section 6.3.3 of the Final Agreement, and recalling the positive role played by the
               Verification Mission in that regard,
                     Acknowledging the letter dated 13 January 2021 from the President of Colombia,
               on behalf of the Government of Colombia and with the agreement of the party of the
               former FARC-EP (S/2021/147), requesting the addition to the mandate of the
               Verification Mission of the task of verifying compliance with the sentences of the
               Special Jurisdiction for Peace, as envisaged in the Final Agreement, and taking note
               of the coordinating role of the Office of the Presidential Counsellor for Stabilisation
               and Consolidation specified in the letter,
                     Noting that, under the terms of the Final Agreement, the sentences of the Special
               Jurisdiction for Peace will have the overall aim of realising the rights of victims and
               consolidating peace, and will need to have the greatest restorative and reparative
               function in relation to the harm caused,
                    Recognising the contribution the Verification Mission could make to building
               confidence in the Comprehensive System for Truth, Justice, Reparation and
               Non-Repetition established under the Final Agreement, which is integral t o the

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               success of the peace process and the fulfilment of the rights of the victims of the
               conflict,
                   Having considered the Secretary-General’s letter to the President of the Security
               Council of 24 February 2021 (S/2021/186),
                     1.   Decides, following the request of the Government of Colombia and to
               support the comprehensive implementation of the Final Agreement, that the
               Verification Mission shall, in addition to the provisions of its existing mandate as
               most recently extended by resolution 2545 (2020), verify compliance with and
               implementation of the sentences issued by the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (SJP) to
               individuals the SJP determines to have acknowledged detailed and complete truth,
               and responsibility before the Judicial Panel for Acknowledgement o f Truth,
               Responsibility and Determination of Facts and Conduct as per the sentencing
               framework established under section 5.1.2 of the Final Agreement;
                     2.    Decides further that the tasks of the Verification Mission in this regard
               shall be those described in the Secretary-General’s letter S/2021/186, including
               verifying the fulfilment by sentenced persons of the terms of their sentences as well
               as the establishment by Colombian state authorities of the conditions necessary for
               this, and that the Verification Mission shall adopt a strategic and inclusive approach
               to such verification, as described in the Secretary-General’s letter, noting the proposal
               therein to focus monitoring on overall trends in compliance and select individual
               cases;
                     3.    Welcomes the Secretary-General’s proposal to incorporate reporting with
               respect to the verification of compliance with the sentences referred to in paragraph
               1 of this resolution within the existing reporting cycle for the Verification Mission,
               and to keep the Council fully informed of the preparations of the Verification Mission
               and the progress, assessment, and eventual results of the verification;
                    4.    Decides to extend the mandate of the Verification Mission until 31 October
               2021;
                     5.    Expresses its willingness to work with the Government of Colombia on the
               further extension of the mandate of the Verification Mission on the basis of agreement
               between the parties.

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Security Council resolution 2574 (2021) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Verification Mission in Colombia until 31 Oct. 2021]

UN Verification Mission in Colombia|Final Agreement for Ending the Conflict and Building a Stable and Lasting Peace in Colombia (2016)|SPECIAL MISSIONS|PEACE AGREEMENTS|VERIFICATION|COLOMBIA

S/76 [302] COLOMBIA--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Identical letters dated 19 January 2016 from the Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council (S/2016/53).


               United Nations                                                                        S/RES/2575 (2021)
               Security Council                                                    Distr.: General
                                                                                11 May 2021

               Resolution 2575 (2021)
               Adopted by the Security Council on 11 May 2021

                    The Security Council,
                     Reaffirming all previous resolutions and Presidential statements concerning the
               situation in Abyei and along the border between Sudan and South Sudan and
               underlining the importance of full compliance with and implementation of these,
                      Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and
               territorial integrity of Sudan and South Sudan,
                    Welcoming continued cooperation between the Government of the Republic of
               the Sudan and the Government of the Republic of South Sudan in support of peace,
               security and stability, encouraging such actions to continue, and urging the parties to
               make progress establishing temporary administrative and security arrangements for
               Abyei, and to continue to support development and humanitarian assistance efforts,
                     Encouraging the African Union, the African Union High-Level Implementation
               Panel (AUHIP), and the UN Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Horn of
               Africa to intensify their mediation roles with the Governments of South Sudan and
               Sudan to strongly encourage them to establish temporary administrative and security
               arrangements for Abyei as stipulated in the 2011 Agreement between the Government
               of the Republic of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement on Temporary
               Arrangements for the Administration and Security of the Abyei area and to engage on
               finding a resolution of the final status of Abyei,
                   Commending the continued assistance provided to the parties by the Federal
               Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, and the United Nations Interim Security Force f or
               Abyei (UNISFA),
                     Recognizing the need to keep under review the configuration of UNISFA to
               adapt to the current security situation and to develop a viable exit strategy, which
               prioritizes safety and security of civilians living in Abyei and accounts for the stability
               of the region, and is based on the improved ability of Sudan and South Sudan to
               manage bilateral disputes,
                     Expressing concern that the delayed deployment of UN police to the level
               authorized by the Council prevents UNISFA from fulfilling its security and protection
               mandate and holds the potential to create a security vacuum in Abyei, and further
               expressing concern about Sudan and South Sudan’s efforts to impede UNISFA from
               fully executing its mandate, including by withholding visas for police , blocking
               appointment of a civilian Deputy Head of Mission and denying access to Athony

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               airport, which would ease UNISFA’s logistical challenges, reduce transport costs, and
               enhance safety and security for UNISFA personnel,
                    Recognizing that the current situation in Abyei and along the border between
               Sudan and South Sudan continues to constitute a threat to international peace and
               security,
                     1.   Decides to extend until 15 November 2021 the mandate of UNISFA as set
               out in paragraph 2 of resolution 1990 (2011) and acting under Chapter VII of the
               Charter of the United Nations, further decides to extend until 15 November 2021 the
               tasks of UNISFA as set out in paragraph 3 of resolution 1990 (2011), and further
               decides that UNISFA should continue to implement that mandate and tasks in
               accordance with resolution 2550 (2020);
                    2.    Decides to extend until 15 November 2021 UNISFA’s mandate
               modification set forth in resolution 2024 (2011) and paragraph 1 of resolution 2075
               (2012), which provides for UNISFA’s support to the Joint Border Verification and
               Monitoring Mechanism (JBVMM), and further decides that UNISFA should continue
               to implement that mandate and tasks in accordance with resolution 2550 (2020);
                    3.    Maintains the authorized troop and police ceilings as set out in paragraphs 4
               and 5 of resolution 2550 (2020);
                    4.    Reiterates the Security Council’s demand for the Governments of Sudan
               and South Sudan to provide full support for UNISFA in the implementation of its
               mandate, specifically the deployment of UNISFA personnel, including by removing
               any obstacles that hinder UNISFA’s work to protect civilians in Abyei;
                    5.    Reiterates that the Abyei Area shall be demilitarized from any forces, as
               well as armed elements of the local communities, other than UNISFA and the Abyei
               Police Service, and urges the Governments of Sudan and South Sudan and the local
               communities to take all necessary steps to ensure that Abyei is effectively
               demilitarized and to extend full cooperation to UNISFA in this regard;
                    6.    Takes note of the letter of the Secretary General (S/2021/322);
                    7.    Requests the Secretary-General, in accordance with best practices, conduct
               and provide the Security Council, no later than 30 September 2021, a strategic review
               of UNISFA assessing recent political developments between and within Sudan and
               South Sudan and providing detailed recommendations for further reconfiguration of
               the mission and establishing a viable exit strategy, which should prioritize the safety
               and security of civilians living in Abyei, account for stability of the region, and
               include an option for an exit strategy for UNISFA that is not limited by the 2011
               agreements;
                     8.   Requests the Secretary General to continue to inform the Security Council
               of progress in implementing UNISFA’s mandate as set out in paragraph 33 of
               resolution 2550 (2020), with a written report no later than 15 October 2021;
                    9.    Decides to remain actively seized of this matter.

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Security Council resolution 2575 (2021) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) until 15 Nov. 2021]

UN Interim Security Force for Abyei|UN Interim Security Force for Abyei. Deputy Head of Mission|Joint Border Verification Monitoring Mechanism (Sudan and South Sudan)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|DEMILITARIZED ZONES|ABYEI (SUDAN)|SUDAN|SOUTH SUDAN

S/76 [217] UN INTERIM SECURITY FORCE FOR ABYEI
S/76 [160] SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/76 [223] SOUTH SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/ X Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan.


               United Nations                                                                      S/RES/2576 (2021)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                27 May 2021

               Resolution 2576 (2021)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8780th meeting,
               on 27 May 2021

                    The Security Council,
                     Recalling all its previous relevant resolutions on Iraq, in particular 1500 (2003),
               1546 (2004), 1557 (2004), 1619 (2005), 1700 (2006), 1770 (2007), 1830 (2008), 1883
               (2009), 1936 (2010), 2001 (2011), 2061 (2012), 2110 (2013), 2169 (2014), 2233
               (2015), 2299 (2016), 2379 (2017), 2421 (2018), 2522 (2020) and reiterating
               resolution 2107 (2013) on the situation between Iraq and Kuwait, and the values set
               forth in 2367 (2017),
                     Reaffirming the independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of
               Iraq, and emphasizing the importance of the stability, prosperity, and security of Iraq
               for the people of Iraq, the region, and the international community, particularly in
               light of Iraq’s territorial victory over the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL,
               also known as Da’esh), and encouraging the international community to increase its
               support to Iraq in this regard,
                     Supporting Iraq in addressing the challenges it faces as it continues its
               stabilization efforts, including the ongoing fight against terrorism and ISIL, Al -Qaida
               and their affiliates, and continues the task of recovery, reconstruction, stabilization
               and reconciliation, including the requirement to meet the needs of all Iraqis, including
               women, youth, children, displaced persons, and persons belonging to ethnic and
               religious minorities, recognizing the threat of explosive ordinance and welcoming
               efforts to clear areas of such devices,
                     Commending the Government of Iraq’s efforts to plan and execute genuinely
               free and fair Iraqi-led, Iraqi-owned early elections that are inclusive, credible, and
               participatory, and welcoming the Government of Iraq’s request for further UN
               electoral advice, support, and technical assistance in this regard, including through
               the good offices of the Special Representative of the Secretary -General,
                     Welcoming the request of the Government of Iraq, reflected in the letter from its
               Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Security Council on 11 Februar y 2021
               (S/2021/135), and recognizing Iraq’s efforts toward free and fair Iraqi-led elections
               that are inclusive, including with the full, equal and meaningful participation of
               women, and viewed by the Iraqi people as credible, as a decisive step for Iraq and
               Iraqis, reaffirming its support for the Independent High Electoral Commission (IHEC)
               whose role is instrumental for successful elections, and encouraging international
               partners of Iraq, including relevant regional organizations, to respond positively to

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               Iraq’s call to send electoral observers ahead of the elections, and encourage
               international community engagement in this regard,
                     Noting the Government of Iraq’s desire to see displaced persons return to t heir
               areas of origin or resettle elsewhere, stressing the importance of achieving dignified,
               safe, and durable solutions undertaken on a voluntary and informed basis,
                     Welcoming the adoption of the Yazidi Female Survivors Law, recognizing the
               efforts to accelerate the implementation of its provisions, underlining the importance
               of its effective and timely implementation, and the need to hold perpetrators of
               conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence accountable, to provide mental
               health and psychosocial support to victims, and to provide reparations and redress
               measures for all survivors identified in the law, and calling upon the Government of
               Iraq to extend its provisions to all victims,
                     Recognizing that the adverse effects of climate change, ecological changes, and
               natural disasters, among other factors, can contribute to desertification and drought,
               the humanitarian situation and stability in Iraq, and emphasizing the need for
               comprehensive risk assessments by the Government of Iraq with the sup port of the
               United Nations, upon the request of the Government of Iraq, to take meaningful
               actions to adapt to or mitigate challenges posed by climate change and ecological
               change,
                     Expressing concern at the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraq, recalling
               resolution 2565 (2021) and stressing once again that equitable access to safe,
               efficacious, and affordable tests, treatments and COVID -19 vaccines is essential to
               end the pandemic,
                     Welcoming efforts by the Government of Iraq to urgently deliver meaningful
               reforms aimed at meeting the Iraqi people’s legitimate demands to address corruption,
               deliver essential and basic services, diversify its economy, create jobs, improve
               governance, and strengthen viable and responsive state institutions, and calling for
               State institutions to redouble efforts to pursue accountability for those responsible for
               crimes involving the killing, serious injury, abduction and disappearance against
               demonstrators and journalists, and to safeguard and respect the right of freedom of
               expression, and welcomes the call of Prime Minister of Iraq for an inclusive national
               dialogue to strengthen Iraqi unity,
                     Welcoming the 2021 budget agreement reached by the Federal Government of
               Iraq and the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq,
                     Recalling the fundamental principle of the inviolability of diplomatic and
               consular premises, and the obligations on host Governments, inc luding under the
               1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the 1963 Vienna Convention
               on Consular Relations, to take all appropriate steps to protect diplomatic and consular
               premises against any intrusion or damage, and to prevent any disturbance of the peace
               of these missions or impairment of their dignity,
                    Calling on the international community to remain strongly committed to
               providing support to Iraq for its humanitarian, stabilization, reconstruction, and
               development efforts,
                     1.   Decides to extend the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission
               for Iraq (UNAMI) until 27 May 2022;
                    2. Decides further that the Special Representative of the Secretary-General
               and UNAMI, taking into account the letter from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the
               Government of Iraq to the Security Council on 11 February 2021 ( S/2021/135), shall:

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                 (a) provide a strengthened, robust and visible UN team, with additional staff,
           in advance of Iraq’s forthcoming election, to monitor Iraq’s election day with as broad
           a geographic coverage as possible, to continue to assist with the election, in a manner
           that respects Iraqi sovereignty, and report to the Secretary-General on the election
           process;
                 (b) engage, encourage, and coordinate with, and provide, as appropriate,
           logistical and security support to international and regional third -party observers
           invited by the Government of Iraq;
                 (c) launch a UN strategic messaging campaign to educate, inform, and update
           Iraqi voters on election preparations, and UN activities in support of elections in
           advance of and on election day;
                  3.   Requests the Secretary-General to provide a detailed summary report to
           the Council on Iraq’s electoral process and UNAMI’s assistance to that process, no
           later than 30 days after the conclusion of Iraq’s forthcoming elections;
                 4.   Requests further that the Special Representative of the Secretary-General
           and UNAMI, at the request of the Government of Iraq, and taking into account th e
           letter from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iraq to the Secretary -General
           (S/2021/135), shall:
                 (a) prioritize the provision of advice, support, and assistance to the
           Government and people of Iraq on advancing inclusive, political dialogue and
           national and community-level reconciliation, taking into account civil society input,
           with the full, equal, and meaningful participation of women;
                   (b)   further advise, support, and assist:
                   (i) the Government of Iraq and the Independent High Electoral Commission
                   with efforts to plan and execute genuinely free and fair Iraqi -led, Iraqi-owned
                   elections and referenda, including through regular technical reviews and
                   detailed reporting on electoral preparations and proce sses, as part of the
                   Secretary-General’s regular reporting cycle;
                   (ii) the Government of Iraq and the Council of Representatives on
                   constitutional review, the implementation of constitutional provisions, as well
                   as on the development of processes acceptable to the Government of Iraq to
                   resolve disputed internal boundaries;
                   (iii) the Government of Iraq with progress on security sector reform, including
                   by prioritizing the planning, funding, and implementation of efforts to
                   strengthen state control and reintegration programmes for former members of
                   armed groups, where and as appropriate, in coordination with other
                   multinational entities;
                   (iv) the Government of Iraq on facilitating regional dialogue and cooperation,
                   including on issues of border security, energy, trade, environment, water,
                   adverse impacts of climate change, infrastructure, public health, and refugees;
                   (c)   promote, support, and facilitate, in coordination with the Government of
           Iraq:
                   (i) the coordination and delivery of humanitarian and medical assistance,
                   notably to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and the safe, timely, orderly,
                   voluntary and dignified return or local integration, as appropriate, of refugees
                   and displaced persons, including through the efforts of the UN Country Team;
                   (ii) the coordination and implementation of programmes to improve Iraq’s
                   capacity to provide effective essential civil and social services, including health

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                    care and education, for its people and continue to support Iraq’s active regional
                    and international donor coordination of critical reconstruction and assistance
                    programmes, including through effective follow-up of international pledges;
                    (iii) Iraqi, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and other efforts on
                    economic reform, capacity-building and setting conditions for sustainable
                    development and recovery and reconstruction including in areas affected by
                    terrorism, including through coordination with national and regional
                    organizations and, as appropriate, civil society, donors, and other internationa l
                    institutions;
                    (iv) the contributions of UN agencies, funds, and programmes to the objectives
                    outlined in this resolution under the unified leadership of the Secretary -General
                    through the Special Representative for Iraq, supported by their designated
                    Deputy;
                     (d) promote accountability and the protection of human rights, and judicial
               and legal reform, with full respect for the sovereignty of Iraq, in order to strengthen
               the rule of law and improve governance in Iraq, in addition to supporting the work of
               the UN Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by
               Da’esh/ISIL (UNITAD) established in resolution 2379 (2017);
                    (e) approach gender mainstreaming as a crosscutting issue throu ghout its
               mandate and to advise and assist the Government of Iraq in ensuring the full, equal
               and meaningful participation, involvement and representation of women at all levels
               of decision making, including in the context of elections, and the promotion o f
               women’s economic empowerment, by supporting the implementation of the National
               Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security in accordance with resolution 1325 (2000)
               and related resolutions;
                     (f) Note the importance of treating children affected by armed conflict
               primarily as victims, and urge the Government of Iraq and UN Country Team to
               strengthen child protection, including the reintegration of children in accordance with
               Iraq’s national laws and Iraq’s obligations under international law; and to support the
               implementation of the conclusions of the Security Council’s Working Group on
               Children and Armed Conflict;
                    (g) and encourage both the Government of Iraq and the Kurdistan Regional
               Government to implement fully their 2021 budget agreement and to negotiate
               agreements on other outstanding issues;
                     5.    Recognizes that the security of UN personnel is essential for UNAMI to
               carry out its work for the benefit of the people of Iraq and calls upon the Governme nt
               of Iraq to continue to provide security and logistical support to the UN presence in
               Iraq;
                  6.   Expresses its intention to review the mandate and reporting cycle of
               UNAMI by 27 May 2022, or sooner, if requested by the Government of Iraq;
                    7.    Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council every three months
               on the progress made towards the fulfilment of all UNAMI’s responsibilities;
                    8.    Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2576 (2021) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) until 27 May 2022]

UN Assistance Mission for Iraq|UN. Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|PEACEBUILDING|GOOD OFFICES|ELECTIONS|ELECTION VERIFICATION|IRAQ|IRAQ SITUATION

S/76 [124] UN ASSISTANCE MISSION FOR IRAQ
S/76 [119] IRAQ SITUATION
S/ X The situation concerning Iraq.


            United Nations                                                                 S/RES/2577 (2021)*
            Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                             28 May 2021

            Resolution 2577 (2021)
            Adopted by the Security Council on 28 May 2021

                  The Security Council,
                 Recalling its previous resolutions, statements of its President, and press
            statements on the situation in South Sudan,
                  Affirming its support for the 2018 “Revitalised Agreement on the Resolution of
            the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan” (the Revitalised Agr eement), stressing
            that the peace process only remains viable with the full commitment by all parties,
            and welcoming in this regard encouraging developments in implementing the
            Revitalized Agreement, including reconstituting the Transitional National Legis lative
            Assembly, in order to create the conditions necessary to advance the peace process,
                  Expressing appreciation for the leadership of the Intergovernmental Authority
            on Development (IGAD) in advancing the peace process in South Sudan, commending
            the ongoing mediation by the Community of Sant’Egidio to foster political dialogue
            between signatories and non-signatories of the Revitalised Agreement, and calling on
            South Sudanese parties to demonstrate the political will to peacefully resolve the
            outstanding differences that are driving continued violence,
                  Recognizing the reduction in violence between signatory parties to the
            Revitalised Agreement and that the permanent ceasefire was upheld in most parts of
            the country between those parties,
                  Reiterating its alarm and deep concern regarding the political, security,
            economic, and humanitarian crisis in South Sudan, taking note of the impact of the
            COVID-19 pandemic, and emphasizing there can be no military solution to the
            situation in South Sudan,
                 Expressing deep concern at continued fighting in South Sudan, and condemning
            repeated violations of the Revitalised Agreement and the Agreement on Cessation of
            Hostilities, Protection of Civilians and Humanitarian Access (ACOH) ,
                  Expressing concern regarding the delays in implementing the Revitalised
            Agreement, and stressing the need to expeditiously finalize security arrangements,
            establish all institutions of the Revitalised Transitional Government of National Unity
            (RTGNU), and make progress on transitional reforms,
                  Strongly condemning past and ongoing human rights violations and abuses and
            violations of international humanitarian law, further condemning harassment and
            targeting of civil society, humanitarian personnel and journalists, emphasizing that

          * Reissued for technical reasons on 4 June 2021.

21-07038* (E)
*2107038*

S/RES/2577 (2021)

               those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law and violations and
               abuses of human rights must be held accountable, and that the RTGNU bears the
               primary responsibility to protect its population from genocide, war crimes, ethnic
               cleansing, and crimes against humanity,
                     Expressing deep concern at reports of misappropriation of funds that undermine
               the stability and security of South Sudan, and stressing that these activities can have
               a devastating impact on society and individuals, weaken democratic institutions,
               undermine the rule of law, perpetuate violent conflicts, facilitate illegal activities,
               divert humanitarian assistance or complicate its delivery, and undermine economic
               markets,
                     Also expressing grave concern at the threat to peace and security in South Sudan
               arising from the illicit transfer, destabilizing accumulation and misuse of small arms
               and light weapons,
                    Strongly encouraging the South Sudan authorities to improve their engagement
               with the Panel of Experts and prevent any obstruction to the implementation of its
               mandate,
                    Taking note of the Final 2021 report (S/2021/365) of the United Nations Panel
               of Experts,
                    Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on South Sudan arms embargo
               benchmarks (S/2021/321),
                     Determining that the situation in South Sudan continues to constitu te a threat to
               international peace and security in the region,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

               Arms Embargo and Inspections
                     1.   Decides to renew until 31 May 2022 the measures on arms imposed by
               paragraph 4 of resolution 2428 (2018), and reaffirms the provisions of paragraph 5 of
               resolution 2428 (2018);
                     2.   Expresses its readiness to review arms embargo measures, through inter
               alia modification, suspension, or progressive lifting of these measures, in the light of
               progress achieved on the following key benchmarks:
                    (a) the completion, by the RTGNU, of Stages 1, 2, and 3 of the Strategic
               Defense and Security Review (SDSR) process contained in the Revitalised
               Agreement;
                    (b) the formation, by the RTGNU, of a unified command structure for the
               Necessary Unified Forces (NUF), the training, graduation, and redeployment of th e
               NUF, and allocation by the RTGNU of adequate resources for the planning and
               implementation of the redeployment of the NUF;
                    (c) progress, by the RTGNU, on the establishment and implementation of the
               disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) process, and in particular the
               development and implementation of a plan for the collection and disposal of long and
               medium range heavy weapons, and the development of a time-bound plan for the
               complete and verifiable demilitarization of all civilian areas;
                     (d) progress by the South Sudanese defense and security forces on properly
               managing their existing arms and ammunition stockpiles, including by establishing
               the necessary planning documents, protocols, and training for the recording, storage,
               distribution and management of the weapons and ammunition;

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                                                                                S/RES/2577 (2021)

                 (e) the implementation of the Joint Action Plan for the Armed Forces on
           addressing conflict-related sexual violence, with an emphasis on the training,
           sensitization, accountability, and oversight of the defen se and security forces;
                3.     Calls on the RTGNU to make progress on implementation of public
           finance management reforms in the Revitalised Agreement, including by making
           information on all revenues, expenditures, deficits, and debts of the RTGNU
           accessible to the public; and further calls on the RTGNU to establish the Hybrid Court
           for South Sudan, and set up the Commission for Truth, Reconciliation, and Healing
           and the Compensation and Reparation Authority;
                4.   Requests in this regard the Secretary-General, in close consultation with
           UNMISS and the Panel of Experts, to conduct, no later than 15 April 2022, an
           assessment of progress achieved on the key benchmarks established in paragraph 2;
                 5.  Requests the South Sudan authorities to report, no later than 15 April 2022,
           to the Committee established pursuant to resolution 2206 (2015) concerning South
           Sudan (“the Committee”) on the progress achieved on the key benchmarks in
           paragraph 2, and invites the South Sudan authorities to report on progress achieved
           on implementation of reforms in paragraph 3;
                6.     Stresses the importance that notifications or requests for exemptions
           pursuant to paragraph 5 of resolution 2428 (2018) should contain all relevant
           information, including the purpose of the use, the end user, the technical
           specifications and quantity of the equipment to be shipped and, when applicable, the
           supplier, the proposed date of delivery, mode of transportation and itinerary of
           shipments;
                 7.   Underscores that arms shipments in violation of this resolution risk fueling
           conflict and contributing to further instability, and strongly urges all Member States
           to take urgent action to identify and prevent such shipments within their territory;
                 8.   Calls upon all Member States, in particular States neighboring South
           Sudan, to inspect, in accordance with their national authorities and legislation and
           consistent with international law, in particular the law of the sea and relevant
           international civil aviation agreements, all cargo to South Sudan, in their territory,
           including seaports and airports, if the State concerned has information that provides
           reasonable grounds to believe the cargo contains items the supply, sale, or transfer of
           which is prohibited by paragraph 4 of resolution 2428 (2018) for the purpose of
           ensuring strict implementation of these provisions;
                 9.    Decides to authorize all Member States to, and that all Member States
           shall, upon discovery of items the supply, sale, or transfer of which is prohibited by
           paragraph 4 of resolution 2428 (2018), seize and dispose (such as through destruction,
           rendering inoperable, storage or transferring to a State other than the originating or
           destination States for disposal) of such items, and decides further that all Member
           States shall cooperate in such efforts;
                 10. Requires any Member State when it undertakes an inspection pursuant to
           paragraph 7 of this resolution, to submit promptly an initial written report to the
           Committee containing, in particular, explanation of the grounds for the inspections,
           the results of such inspections, and whether or not cooperation was provided, and, if
           prohibited items for supply, sale, or transfer are found, further requires such Member
           States to submit to the Committee within 30 days a subsequent written report
           containing relevant details on the inspection, seizure, and disposal, and relevant
           details of the transfer, including a description of the items, their origin and intended
           destination, if this information is not in the initial report;

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               Targeted Sanctions
                    11. Decides to renew until 31 May 2022 the travel and financial measures
               imposed by paragraphs 9 and 12 of resolution 2206 (2015), and reaffirms the
               provisions of paragraphs 10, 11, 13, 14 and 15 of resolution 2206 (2015), and
               paragraphs 13, 14, 15 and 16 of resolution 2428 (2018);
                     12. Decides to keep the measures renewed in paragraph 11 under continuous
               review in light of progress achieved implementing all provisions of the Revitalised
               Agreement and developments related to human rights violations and abuses, and
               expresses its readiness to consider adjusting measures in paragraph 11, including
               through modifying, suspending, lifting or strengthening measures to respond to the
               situation;
                     13. Underscores its willingness to impose targeted sanctions in order to
               support the search for an inclusive and sustainable peace in South Sudan, and notes
               that the Committee can consider requests for delisting of individuals and entities;
                     14. Reaffirms that the provisions of paragraph 9 of resolution 2206 (2015)
               apply to individuals, and that the provisions of paragraph 12 of resolution 2206 (2015)
               apply to individuals and entities, as designated for such measures by the Committee,
               as responsible for or complicit in, or having engaged in, directly or indirectly, actions
               or policies that threaten the peace, security or stability of South Sudan, and further
               reaffirms that the provisions of paragraphs 9 and 12 of resolution 2206 (2015) apply
               to individuals, as designated for such measures by the Committee, who are leaders or
               members of any entity, including any South Sudanese government, opposition,
               militia, or other group, that has, or whose members have, engaged in any of the
               activities described in this paragraph;
                     15. Expresses concern at reports of misappropriation and diversion of public
               resources which pose a risk to the peace, security, and stability of South Sudan,
               expresses serious concern at reports of financial impropriety, lack of transparency,
               oversight and financial governance, which pose a risk to the peace, stability, and
               security of South Sudan, and are out of compliance with Chapter IV of the Revitalised
               Agreement, and in this context, underscores that individuals engaged in actions or
               policies that have the purpose or effect of expanding or extending the conflict in South
               Sudan may be listed for travel and financial measures;

               Sanctions Committee and Panel of Experts
                    16. Emphasizes the importance of holding regular consultations with
               concerned Member States, international and regional and subregional organizations,
               as well as the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS), as may be
               necessary, in particular neighboring and regional States, in order to ensure the full
               implementation of the measures in this resolution, and in that regard encourages the
               Committee to consider, where and when appropriate, visits to selected countries by
               the Chair and/or Committee members;
                     17. Decides to extend until 1 July 2022 the mandate of the Panel of Experts as
               set out in paragraph 19 of resolution 2428 (2018), and decides that the Panel of
               Experts should provide to the Council, after discussion with the Committee, an
               interim report by 1 December 2021, a final report by 1 May 2022, and except in
               months when these reports are due, updates each month;
                    18. Requests the Secretariat to include the necessary gender expertise on the
               Panel of Experts, in line with paragraph 6 of resolution 2242 (2015), and encourages
               the Panel to integrate gender as a cross-cutting issue across its investigations and
               reporting;

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                                                                                S/RES/2577 (2021)

                 19. Calls upon all parties and all Member States, especially those neighboring
           South Sudan, as well as international, regional and subregional organizations to
           ensure cooperation with the Panel of Experts, including by providing any information
           on illicit transfers of wealth from South Sudan into financial, property and business
           networks and further urges all Member States involved to ensure the safety of the
           members of the Panel of Experts and unhindered access, in particular to persons,
           documents and sites in order for the Panel of Experts to execute its mandate;
                 20. Requests the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children
           and Armed Conflict and the Special Representative for Sexual Violence in Conflict
           to share relevant information with the Committee in accordance with paragraph 7 of
           resolution 1960 (2010) and paragraph 9 of resolution 1998 (2011), and invites the
           High Commissioner for Human Rights to share relevant information with the
           Committee, as appropriate;
                21. Encourages timely information exchange between UNMISS and the Panel
           of Experts, and requests UNMISS to assist the Committee and the Panel of Experts,
           within its mandate and capabilities;
                22. Invites the Revitalised Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission
           (RJMEC) to share relevant information with the Council, as appropriate, on its
           assessment of the parties’ implementation of the Revitalised Agreement, adherence to
           the ACOH, and the facilitation of unhindered and secure humanitarian access;
                23.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.

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Security Council resolution 2577 (2021) [on renewal of sanctions imposed by Security Council resolution 2428 (2018) and extension of the mandate of the Panel of Experts on South Sudan until 1 July 2022]

UN. Panel of Experts on South Sudan Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 2206 (2015)|UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 2206 (2015) concerning South Sudan|UN Mission in South Sudan|Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (2018)|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|SANCTIONS|SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE|ARMS EMBARGO|FROZEN ASSETS|TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS|INTERNAL SECURITY|SOUTH SUDAN

S/76 [223] SOUTH SUDAN--POLITICAL CONDITIONS
S/76 [216] UN MISSION IN SOUTH SUDAN
S/ X Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan.


               United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2578 (2021)
               Security Council                                               Distr.: General
                                                                              3 June 2021

               Resolution 2578 (2021)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8783rd meeting, on
               3 June 2021

                    The Security Council,
                      Recalling its resolution 1970 (2011) imposing the arms embargo on Libya and
               all its subsequent relevant resolutions,
                    Recalling its resolutions 2292 (2016), 2357 (2017), 2420 (2018), 2473 (2019)
               and 2526 (2020) concerning the strict implementation of the arms embargo on the
               high seas off the coast of Libya,
                    Reaffirming its resolution 2570 (2021), including its paragraph 21,
                    Reaffirming its resolution 2510 (2020), and recalling the Berlin Conference on
               Libya convened on 19 January 2020,
                    Recognizing the important role of neighbouring countries and regional
               organizations,
                    Mindful of its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace
               and security under the Charter of the United Nations,
                    Reaffirming its determination that terrorism, in all forms and manifestations,
               constitutes one of the most serious threats to peace and security,
                    Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                     1.    Decides to extend the authorizations as set out in resolution 2526 (2020)
               for a further 12 months from the date of this resolution;
                    2.   Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council within
               eleven months of the adoption of this resolution on its implementation;
                    3.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

21-07236 (E)
*2107236*

Security Council resolution 2578 (2021) [on extension of the authorizations on the inspection of vessels on the high seas off the coast of Libya for a period of 12 months]

Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|SANCTIONS|ARMS EMBARGO|SHIP INSPECTION|LIBYA

S/76 [219] LIBYA SITUATION
S/ X The situation in Libya.