africa . com
paul congemi – another white supremacist empowered by trumpism to crawl out of hole. @ stpetefl @ bishopparkes urltoken
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a year ago, i said that launching urltoken was
a huge risk, but love is always risky .
any good adventure story is marked by suspense and excitement, but so far, my urltoken story has been filled only with rewards .
the nigerian communications commission (ncc) is stepping in to try to get this signed, sealed and delivered... urltoken
trainspotter the nigerian communications commission (ncc) is stepping in to try to get this signed, sealed and delivered... urltoken
articles and commentaries that identify urltoken as the publisher are produced or commissioned by allafrica. to address comments or complaints, please contact us .
urltoken is the fastest growing # africa - related internet site. visitors have access to financial, political and cultural news, maps, informatio… | pinteres…
a former goldman sachs managing director is hoping to bring africa a u. s. - style internet company with a start - up built around the domain name urltoken .
the marketsquare africa is a company of footprint to africa, a business / financial news resource and an investment bridge company promoting intra african and foreign investment in africa. urltoken
is the chairperson and ceo of urltoken llc. in february 2010, she re - launched the high - tech company after resigning from her position as a managing director in investment banking at goldman sachs & co. memeburn asked teresa about the process and experience of leaving a senior level position at a corporate giant to pursue a startup based on a single domain name, urltoken .
sign up for grade 1 and 2 students has begun! please read the note from the directors in the weekly class email / newsletter sent by your child' s teacher. sign up sheets are available in classrooms. if you would like to know any other information that is not mentioned in the email please send miss lindsay and ms. maggie an email (lkanis @ urltoken or mhewitt @ urltoken) .
social media experts are touting their belief that women' s power will increase in the current age of information. aol' s decision to bet heavily on one woman, arianna huffington, validates my decision to bet heavily on urltoken .
tc: i think because we operate in so many different spheres we don’t really compete with any one site. we partner with several other sites, aggregate some content, and create some of our own original content. i know the founders of urltoken and called to tell them i would be launching urltoken and hoped to use their newsfeed. i think we have a good relationship with them. we send a fair amount of traffic to their site from our news page which links back to them .
urltoken is the leading digital media company aggregating, producing, and distributing business, political, cultural, lifestyle and travel news related to the continent. we operate from johannesburg, lagos and new york, and have a presence in cape town and nairobi .
bertus. ehmke @ urltoken hi dave. interesting post and a couple of observations: 1) on the issue of spectrum - the maximum channel bandwidth in lte is 20mhz. whether you stack 5 x 20 mhz channels adjacent, each still loses ...
the urltoken top10 is the smart choice for busy people who don’t have time to filter through all of the headlines searching for the latest news on africa. the top10 is the trustworthy curated news source that makes staying up - to - date quick, easy and interesting .
tc: there is no question that we will increase mobile accessibility and develop a mobi site for urltoken. in the first year, the organic traffic that urltoken generated was primarily external to the continent because we rank so high in google, second only to wikipedia for the search term “africa”. so the sort of person who does a search for the term “africa” is not likely to be african. they are likely to be american, european or asian. we are currently exploring the gaps that exist in the online space for the african internet user so that we can contribute in a meaningful way .
check out tom triller' s recent blog post (experts, novices and education for the future part ii - urltoken comments are open and it would be great to get a discussion going on the importance of an emphasis on a balanced curriculum. follow the link to read the complete post from tom .
the urltoken story rivals the explosion of interest in the continent overall. i had expected some of this growth. when we launched a year ago, i knew that the fifa world cup and the time / fortune / cnn global forum would generate global interest in south africa. but those events in june 2010 were just the opening salvo .
one year ago this week, i left a comfortable senior position at the investment bank, goldman sachs, to follow a dream. i re - launched urltoken, the website that i had kept shuttered for a decade. i made the announcement on the pages of my own website, but amplified my voice by posting the announcement on the huffington post as well .
teresa clarke, who has worked extensively in south africa and left goldman in february, is making a portal for travel, investment and information around the name. she has owned urltoken for years but decided only recently to use it as the foundation for her own start - up. after a career in investment banking, she is able to fund the venture with her own money .
this website was developed by geno jezek, owner of the online magnet store, urltoken. custom - magnets has been supplying magnetic material and custom fridge magnets since 1999. we are the # 1 trusted magnet site! some of our most popular products: personalized magnets magnetic material magnetic tape magnetic sheeting w / white vinyl magnetic sheeting w / adhesive magnetic signs ink jet magnets neodymium magnets
urltoken is an outstanding, groundbreaking news website that encourages citizen journalists to report ongoing corruption and government malfeasance in africa. using photos, text, and video dynamically, the site informs and prompts concerned african citizens and activists globally to act, denouncing officially - sanctioned corruption, the material impoverishment of its citizenry, defilement of the environment, and the callous disregard of the democratic principles enshrined in the constitution .
tc: for me, ownership of the urltoken domain name is about more than a business opportunity. i see this as a tremendous privilege and a great responsibility. whoever owns this domain name has a monumental opportunity to shape how the internet world views africa. africa has been very good to me throughout my life and my career, and i wanted to step up to the challenge of ensuring that this great vehicle for change is used responsibly and effectively .
one of the striking features of life at ist to those who have worked in several schools is the extremely high level of interest and engagement among ist parents. of course parents all over the world are interested in their children' s education but it is rare to find quite such high levels of participation as we routinely see at student progress conferences and other events at ist. read more from martin hall, director, above. martin also maintains a blog at urltoken
interesting to note how we (i) interpret linguistics / language. one of the relatively few times that the generic tied to the brand. com is all persuasive e. g. toys. com. if i owned urltoken it would not have the same resonance as africa. com, without realising it i guess i denigrate the value of individual nation states in the continent and accept the term africa as being almost one nation state, or is it just me? would north americans view europe in this way .
in 2009, google approached me about acquiring the domain name. at that time, google was early in its efforts to acquire african users, and in particular, the company wanted to beat facebook in entering the african social networking market…they thought that urltoken would be a good name for their product in the african market. their approach forced me to think long and hard – so i put up a site on my own to see what would happen. quickly traffic started doubling and i found myself drawn in. i was having so much fun .
during the past 12 months, my goal for urltoken has remained consistent: to change the way the world engages with africa and to be the platform for that change. i have commuted back and forth from the united states to the african continent, meeting with scores of business and political leaders. today, i am even more convinced that this is the right time to help my adopted home, south africa, and the other 52 countries seize the future and use the most popular medium of today, the internet, to get their messages across .
• last month, we scored over three million pageviews from almost one million users, the majority from the united states and europe • urltoken has climbed to the second spot on google for the search term
africa ,
second only to wikipedia. • we have developed quality content including blogs from the former president of nigeria, several u. s. ambassadors to various african countries, and content partnerships with thought leaders like mckinsey & co. and the council on foreign relations. • we published the first ever, comprehensive guide to museums in all 53 african countries
news corp is a network of leading companies in the worlds of diversified media, news, education, and information services .
the site is small — with about 50, 000 monthly unique users — but ms. clarke said she sees potential in the growth of african investment and a middle class in several african countries .
ms. new booty! : k. michelle debuts her real butt after getting implants removed
from synthesizing the sounds of jazz with r & b to empowering women to rock the short cut, anita baker has made countless contributions to music and to the culture .
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these delusions are contagious. from the director of room, watch the new trailer for the little stranger – in theaters august 31st .
a new comedy from academy award® - nominated director jason reitman (“up in the air”) and academy award® - winning screenwriter diablo cody (“juno”). marlo (academy award® winner charlize theron), a mother of three including a newborn, is gifted a night nanny by her brother (mark duplass). hesitant to the extravagance at first, marlo comes to form a unique bond with the thoughtful, surprising, and sometimes challenging young nanny named tully (mackenzie davis) .
watch the official trailer for jason reitman' s new movie, # tully, starring charlize theron .
a spike lee joint. from producer jordan peele. based on some fo’ real, fo’ real sh * t. watch the # blackkklansman trailer now - in theaters august 10 .
this fourth of july we salute the unsung men and women who changed history, from blackkklansman to won’t you be my neighbor ’s mister rogers .
for the greater good, we’re streaming # hotfuzz exclusively on facebook live in one week! rsvp at the link in bio .
“in terms of a genre, we’re taking on the tropes and ideas of british social science fiction. we’re not parodying them; we’re looking at the concepts in a comedic way .
- simon pegg, # theworldsend
“was i daunted by it? yes, i was, but i’m daunted by everything! but i have begun to realize that fear of not doing [ a character ] justice is a galvanizing thing—it pushes me forward and makes me work harder. “ - eddie redmayne, # thedanishgirl | # pridemonth
a starry night in tokyo for charlotte and bob. # lostintranslation (: @ gedogfx )
/ / # repost @ joeledgerton on behalf of the entire cast and crew of
boy erased ,
we wanted to wish you and all our lgbtq friends a happy pride month! pride is all about embracing and celebrating who you are. our film ,
boy erased ,
centers around a boy learning to do just that. excited to share it this fall. # boyerased
director derek cianfrance says of his film # theplacebeyondthepines: “it’s about legacy— what we’re born with and what we pass on. it’s about the choices we make and how those choices echo throughout generations. it’s a classic tale of the sins of the father being visited upon the son. ” (: @ colorpalette. cinema )
nothing can prepare you for hundreds hall. first look photos at @ thelittlestrangermovie are here. in theaters august 31 .
there' s nobody else in the whole world who' s exactly like you, and people can like you exactly as you are. you are special .
@ mrrogersmovie is now playing – get tickets at the link in bio .
teresa clarke: i lived in south africa from 1995 to 2000 and acquired the domain name around 2001. over most of the last decade, i worked at goldman sachs. during my free time, i imagined what i would do with the domain name and i looked at other african websites .
tc: with 53 african countries there are many potential strategic directions and so many different business opportunities. so staying focused and disciplined and sticking to a particular path has been the hardest challenge .
tc there have been so many. we are a startup company. but the power of our name has been big. we have a number of impressive potential partners who want to work with us. that has been the most surprising. just 12 days after we launched, we were approached by a major south african television broadcaster who expressed an interest in buying into our company. we were very flattered given how young we were. it was too soon for us to entertain the offer, but we do hope to pick up discussions with this company again now that we have matured a bit .
tc: goldman sachs is a very well managed company, and i learned many very valuable lessons there that i apply to my leadership of africa. com. among the lessons i learned are the following: a) before taking a decision, consult very widely with experts in the matter at hand; b) constantly assess risk, and make changes to the plan as often as needed based on constantly evolving information; c) people are the most important asset of any company, so make hiring decisions very carefully, and reward good performance to retain high performers; d) ensure that everyone on the team is fully informed of everything, even at the risk of what may be perceived as over - communicating .
tc: because communication infrastructure has been so under - invested in africa over the last fifty years, africa is well poised to leapfrog more developed regions, and to learn from the mistakes of others, and jump straight to the best in class technology. a prime example is africa’s adoption of digital cellular networks. africa was able to skip the analog technology, and investors in african cellular phone systems reaped rich rewards from their investment in the digital networks .
it is too soon to see how africa may leapfrog developed nations with respect to internet connectivity, but i suspect that there will be parallel patterns in how africa catches up with the more developed regions; it is likely that africa will skip the trial and error phase of new technology adoption, and jump straight to best in class technologies .
after the storm, cape town’s dam levels are now at 48. 3 %
they need to encourage us to save more... not ...
cell c' s smart data and lte a plans look on a ...
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last month, i cheered when arianna huffington and former black entertainment television co - founder sheila johnson announced plans to collaborate on a new
channel
aimed at the african - american audience, huffpost globalblack. i especially applaud the focus on
global
black content, given the importance of africa as an increasingly significant economic and cultural force in the 21st century .
but this week, i am even more thrilled to learn that arianna has parlayed her passion and $ 1 million investment into a $ 315 million sale to aol, and that this true online visionary will control the editorial content of the newly created huffington post media group .
the huffington post deal symbolizes several things. first, it means the marketplace places genuine value in an online media property that has only recently become profitable. second, it validates that there can be a bright future for online advertising, despite the fact that traditional content providers - - newspapers and magazines - - are facing larger than ever financial pressure. and thirdly, this is a tremendous shot in the arm for feminism, for online content and an online community curated by - - and potentially even for - - a female sensibility .
during the third week in september 2010, a number of positive events occurred .
in new york, the united nations general assembly met, bringing heads of state from around the world together. also in new york, the millennium development goals were reviewed. across town, the clinton global initiative unveiled 300 new commitments, and in the presence of president obama and philanthropist bill gates, former president bill clinton described how $ 63 billion has improved the lives of nearly 300 million people in more than 170 countries .
1. coca cola announced plans to double its investment in africa to $ 12 billion over the next ten years. at the clinton global initiative, ceo muhtar kent touted his company' s investment in further production and distribution throughout the continent. and he noted that coca - cola is africa' s largest employer. 2. wal - mart announced plans to buy into massmart, an african retailer with 290 stores, at a $ 4 billion valuation. 3. ibm and the indian telcom giant, bhartiairtel, announced an estimated $ 2 billion deal to transform africa' s mobile communications market by deploying cutting edge technology that allows users to access the internet by simply talking over an existing telephone. 4. and during the same week, harvard university' s endowment revealed that south africa is the fourth largest market in its exchange traded fund (etf) portfolio allocation, with over $ 70 million invested .
first - person essays, features, interviews and q & as; about life today .
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some parts of nigeria have little or no access to the national grid, while in other areas electricity is only available for short and ...
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africa is a continent of deep history and culture. thanks to africa' s deep history museums people can learn of past events that shaped the ...
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the place to meet everybody who’s anybody in african telecoms and technology, africacom brings together 14, 000 attendees, 450 speakers and 400 exhibitors .
whether your focus is connectivity infrastructure, disruptive technologies, digital services or ict strategy, this is the place to network, learn and get deals done .
learn about the implementation of game - changing technologies at the forefront of digital transformation that boost productivity, unlock new opportunities and drive efficiencies across all industries and business functions .
with over 14, 000 attendees expected, africacom 2018 is the place to raise your profile, showcase your latest solutions and meet the right decision makers with purchasing power. download the brochure today and find out more about our sponsorship, exhibition, partnership and digital opportunities for 2018 .
we' re excited to announce our first three headline speakers for 2018! the africacom headliners feature 30 of africa' s most prominent digital thought - leaders, taking place on all three days of the show. and the best bit? they' re completely free to attend !
a second large - scale exhibition hall dedicated to mapping africa' s journey through the fourth industrial revolution .
the connecting africa community is the online portal providing year - round coverage of the african tech and telecoms market, and tracks, analyzes and reports on all the major developments in africa' s communications market, identifying the key trends and talking to the movers and shakers who are transforming the continent .
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tstv africa is a wholly owned nigerian innovative pay tv operator with refined offerings of novel pay as you view (payv) subscription, pause subscription, complimentary internet service, video call and an array of amazing tv channels with premium entertainment, informative and educative programs that cut across all genres: news, music, religious, sports, health, kids, fashion and lifestyle channels that better define the uniqueness of our diverse cultures and traditional values as a people in a single affordable bouquet .
it is a basic tier film channel dedicated to a wide audience of movie fans, broadcasting 24 / 7, featuring all movie genres, offering the best content from major distributors. filmbox channel’s names and contents vary from country to country depending on the rights .
mbc variety hd launched in 2013. the general entertainment channel broadcasts an exciting mix of western premium tv series, talk shows, soaps and movies. it also offers viewers an uninterrupted viewing experience .
the eternal word television network, more commonly known as ewtn, is an american television network which presents around - the - clock catholic - themed programmes .
africa’s first 24 - hour health tv channel. ahtv is one of the fastest growing privately owned digital tv channel .
premium sports channel of tstv. on grande sports 1, you watch live matches of major football leagues .
a model tv channel for kids and juveniles, an entertainment channel whose programming is aimed at making nigerian kids exceptional. this tv will feature: high definition animations & cartoons, games and educative drama series .
the nigerian television authority (nta) is the national television network for the people of nigeria. its key function is to provide independent and impartial television broadcasting for general reception in the interest of nigeria .
mama africa movie channel is a global player in the rapidly expanding african film industry and our 24 - hour linear channel dedicated to the best of nollywood and african movies .
gotv is the home of african television and we are committed to delivering family entertainment to africa. gotv provides the greatest selection of local channels made in africa for africa. our reliable service is one you can trust. experience the digital revolution in your home
markgrogan i personally think that there is a lot of potential in the african framework at the moment with all the encouragement to the different tech industries right now, not just fintech. at the end of the ...
vodacom is the latest african mobile operator to show how 5g could enable new communications applications by testing virtual reality (vr) services over 5g connections during the vodacom durban july horse race held at the greyville track on saturday .
cape town - - vantage capital (www. vantagecapital. co. za), africa' s largest mezzanine fund manager, announced today that it has provided $ 10 million of mezzanine funding to cap tamarin, a mixed - used, residentially - focused
smart & happy
village located on the sought - after west coast of mauritius in a seaside village called tamarin. the promoter of the ...
press release - - liquid telecom has partnered with afrilabs, the largest network organisation of 100 innovation centres across 30 african countries, to explore new ways to support local start - ups and promote sustainable innovation across africa .
press release - - satadsl, a provider of professional vsat services via satellite has joined forces with cetel - a leading provider of global satellite, fiber and wireless - enabled communications solutions - to deliver an expanded range of services in ku - and c - band across africa and the middle east .
sudatel, the state - owned national operator in sudan, is to trial enhanced 4g, 5g and fixed fiber broadband access technologies from nokia as it considers its future broadband services portfolio and works towards its 2020 strategy .
press release - - opera news reached 10 million downloads in africa in just six months since its launch in january 2018. the news app experienced a spike in downloads after its recent update included a football world cup channel and other football - related features .
the introduction of 5g services might be some way off in africa, but that doesn' t mean there aren' t tests and trials worth doing in 2018 .
press release - - avanti communications group plc (
avanti
), a leading provider of satellite data communications services in europe, the middle east and africa (
emea
), has announced its new project, satellite enablement for disaster risk reduction in kenya (
satdrr kenya
). through satellite communications, the project will enhance kenya' s ability to ...
google' s project loon, which aims to deliver wireless internet connectivity to rural areas using a network of stratospheric balloons, is seeking telecom operator partners in kenya .
there are new names at the helm of ghana' s two top mobile operators, with both market leader mtn and the number two service provider airteltigo having named new ceos in recent days .
airtel and 9mobile have voiced major concerns to the nigerian communications commission (ncc) about the planned transfer of the 800mhz spectrum license previously held by now defunct cdma mobile operator visafone communications to mtn nigeria, claiming that the latter will have an unfair competitive advantage from holding too much spectrum in the growing ...
i personally think that there is a lot of potential in the african framework at the moment with all the encouragement to the different tech industries right now, not just fintech. at the end of the day, all the tech industries need to grow ...
what is the most important thing here, is the infrastructure. i think that the business climate in africa is improving so fast these days, but the structure and framework is just not present to give them the support these companies need to ...
i think what is important here is that there is a dedication to want to make the change. the fact that telcom egypt has a lot of plans in the pipeline, it means that they are eager to find a better solution for themselves and their network... .
rural communities could be tough to be reached but it is not entirely impossible. there needs to be continuous effort to seep into these communities in order to provide aide. it could become quite strenous in the initial phase but all the efforts ...
at the end of the day, the market needs competition and i think these 2 companies merging would definitely cause some sort of unfair advantage to the rest in some way! i think it' s a good thing that they' ve decided to stay separate as long ...
this is really what we should be seeing the new technologies doing - there are so many people all over the world who would be so much more better off if only they had access to certain amenities and facilities and using such technology ...
we can also remotely use devices with ar. remote users can place ar knowledge markers in the field or the operations manager can be placed anchor points from the command console. these markers can be annotated with iot data, text, voice, ...
looks like vodacom was the loser here... that doesn' t reflect well on its roaming and / or coverage capabilities! cell c notes that its 4g coverage will increase significantly as a result of this deal - - from 33% to 80% - - as its vodacom roaming ...
as we can see, evevry country is impacted by corruption. definitely a big issue !
i like that kind of breaking bad' s effect... africa is definitely the future, i' m so happy !
yes, africa is definitely the future. lots of opportunities' out there !
africacom tv caught up with herman singh, mtn' s group chief digital officer, during the 20th anniversary event. singh discussed the role of mobile ...
what are the hallmarks of a successful african broadcaster, how can the industry remain sustainable in the long term and what does the future hold ...
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a top class panel of industry specialists gathered at the 20th anniversary launch of africacom in july to discuss the impact of mobile ...
the place to shape africa' s digital future. anyone who' s anyone in african telecoms and technology will be at africacom 2017, 7 - 9 november, at the ...
this new video will inspire companies to reimagine their business for success in a world where connectivity is more than a commodity. sponsored video
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markgrogan what is the most important thing here, is the infrastructure. i think that the business climate in africa is improving so fast these days, but the structure and framework is just not present to give ...
nathandavidson i think what is important here is that there is a dedication to want to make the change. the fact that telcom egypt has a lot of plans in the pipeline, it means that they are eager to find a better ...
christopherjames rural communities could be tough to be reached but it is not entirely impossible. there needs to be continuous effort to seep into these communities in order to provide aide. it could become quite ...
paulchau at the end of the day, the market needs competition and i think these 2 companies merging would definitely cause some sort of unfair advantage to the rest in some way! i think it' s a good thing that ...
paulchau this is really what we should be seeing the new technologies doing - there are so many people all over the world who would be so much more better off if only they had access to certain amenities ...
adamjames we can also remotely use devices with ar. remote users can place ar knowledge markers in the field or the operations manager can be placed anchor points from the command console. these markers ...
trainspotter looks like vodacom was the loser here... that doesn' t reflect well on its roaming and / or coverage capabilities! cell c notes that its 4g coverage will increase significantly as a result of this ...
kelwas as we can see, evevry country is impacted by corruption. definitely a big issue !
kelwas i like that kind of breaking bad' s effect... africa is definitely the future, i' m so happy !
kelwas yes, africa is definitely the future. lots of opportunities' out there !
guy zibi dave - these are all excellent points, thanks indeed. i' ll yield to the point that existing operators can continue to optimize and refarm their existing spectrum assets for 4g. they' ve certainly ...
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the african continent has always inspired rest of the world with its unique culture and roots in human origin. it is believed that the word africa is derived from ethnonyms ‘afer’ and ‘afri’, while some believe that it came from afrigii and afridi, supposed to be derived from ‘afira’ meaning ‘to be dusty’ in arabic. the present day english version comes from a term in latin—africanus. it was in ancient africa that the hominid subfamily and the genus homo were found with only one surviving - - homo sapiens. archaeological research and genetical evidence also supports the theory that evolution of modern human species occurred in africa. the hominid family of species to which we belong, the australopithecines, separated from the ancestors of modern chimpanzees between four and six million years ago .
the neolithic rock carving point to the fact that there indeed existed a hunting and gathering culture in dry grasslands of the sahara desert in north africa. archaeological findings show that primitive tribes lived along the nile long before the dynastic history of the pharaohs began. interestingly, it is noted that in africa organized agriculture had stared by 6000 b. c .
the bantu are believed to be the original inhabitants of nigeria, living around the benue - cross river. they are known to have cultivated skills like iron work and cultivation of forest crops. it is stated that the bantu language speakers had colonized many areas across the southern continent. it is believed that the skills of iron - work essentially used as a tool - kit were acquired from the middle east. the art was further refined by workers of the nok culture, popular for their terra - cota busts. archeological evidence points that around second millenium bc, owing to the extreme drying weather conditions in sahara, the bantus migrated to the rainforests in central africa .
west africa was the chief trade route and many a great empires saw rise in this region such as the mali empire, kanem bornu empire, fulani empire, the dahomey oyo, ashanti and songhay empires. a commercially viable culture took roots in west of africa early on, along the southern parts of the sahara desert. the west african ports had frequent camel caravans from north africa. historians state that from 8th century ad, sahelian cities like timbuktu emerged after commercial trade between north and west africa was established .
it is around 1000 ad that the bantu speaking people had spread out to the present day zimbabwe and south africa, the first key empire from the southern hemisphere was the great zimbabwe that controlled trading routes from south of africa, all the way to zambezi. the trading took place with the arab swahili traders and included copper, stones, animal hides, ivory and metal articles. it was in between 14th and 15th century that the city of great zimbabwe finally collapsed .
the swahili are believed to be descendants of persian colonist. the rovuma river in mozambique could trace them to as far north as in somalia and by the rovuma river in mozambique. the swahilis established a powerful cultural identity by the 1100s. they traded across a series of coastal trading towns, the key one being kilwa. one region that saw considerable state formation due to its high population and agricultural surplus was the great lakes region where states such as rwanda, burundi, and buganda became strongly centralized .
starting from 1567 to about 1085 bc, ancient egypt had reached its peak in wealth, power and territorial conquest. the period is known as new empire. ancient egypt was known indigenously as kemet, meaning land of the blacks and ta - meri. the great egyptian pyramids and the pharaoh khufu are one of the acclaimed wonders in ancient times. the egyptians reached crete around 2000 bc and were invaded by indo - europeans and hyksos semites. they are known to have defeated the invaders around 1570 bc. they later expanded into the aegean, sudan, libya, and most of the levant, as far as the euphrates .
in the 15th century, prince henry, son of king john i decided to conquer african territory. he succeeded in establishing portuguese sovereignty over a huge area of coastlands. it began in 1434 and lasted till around 1730. the african history of slavery remains a debatable question in african history. facts state that that perhaps a lack of central political party resulted in small political units locally to benefit by raiding neighbouring parts for slavery. the history of africa has many instances of slavery that was rooted in its history. it is known that in west african regions known as the slave coast, gold coast, and côte d' ivoire were sold for slavery as a consequence of tribal culture. it is known that powerful kings like bight of biafra and benin sold their captives as slaves internally .
these are just some glimpses into the vast history of africa and its endless charms. every insight leads you closer to learning a bit more the most primitive form of developed human life found on earth .
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hair played a significant role in the culture of ancient african civilisations as it symbolised one’s family background, social status, spirituality, tribe, and marital status .
century, hair was the main disseminator among different tribes and within communities of marital status, age, wealth, and rank on the social hierarchy within a community or tribe. members of royalty would often wear elaborate hairstyles as a symbol of their stature, and someone in mourning, usually women, would pay little attention to their hair during the period of grieving. hair was seen as a symbol of fertility as thick, long tresses and neat, clean hair symbolised one’s ability to bear healthy children .
ancient communities believed that hair could help with divine communication as it was the elevated part of one’s body. it’s also why hair was entrusted to close relatives for styling as it was believed that if a strand fell into the hands of an enemy, harm could come to the hair’s owner .
hair was also a social activity, as it still is today, as women gathered to do each other’s hair and had opportunities to socialise .
with so much tradition and different hairstyles that came from earlier african civilisations, here’s a history of some of the most notable hairstyles and hair traditions from across the continent .
for the himba tribe, whose communities are located in the northwestern region of namibia, hair indicates one’s age, life stage, and marital status. hair is often dreadlocked with a mixture of ground ochre, goat hair and butter. in modern times, indian hair extensions purchased from nearby towns has been included in creating dreadlocks .
a teenage girl who has entered puberty would usually wear braid strands or dreadlocked hair that hangs over her face, and a married woman and a new mom would wear an erembe headdress made from animal skin over her head. a young woman who is ready to marry would tie back her dreadlocks, revealing her face. interestingly, single men wear a single plaid to indicate their unmarried status, and once they marry, they cover their heads never to unveil them in public again, with the exception of funeral attendances .
the fula, or fulani tribe, is the largest nomadic pastoral community in the world that populate west africa and the sahel region .
a very traditional hairstyle for women includes long hair being put into five long braids that either hang or are looped on the sides, with a coiffure in the middle of the head. hair is decorated with beads and cowrie shells. a tradition that is passed through the generations to women and young girls includes attaching the family’s silver coins and amber onto braids as a heritage symbol as well as for aesthetic purposes .
the wodaabe tribe is a subgroup of the fulani tribe, also residing in the sahel region and west africa. they are a pastoral nomadic tribe with an estimated population of 100, 000. the young girls and women of the tribe wear a braided hairstyle similar to fulani women, consisting of two braids on either side of the head or a few braids on their hair and a coiffure in the middle. the hair is usually decorated with beads and cowrie shells .
the hamar tribe is a pastoral community with an estimated population of 20, 000 that live in ethiopia’s omo valley. women are often adorned with colourful beaded jewellery, and they mostly wear their hair in thin ochre dreadlocks that are created with water and binding resin. the twisted tresses are known as goscha. pre - adolescent girls wear their hair in cornrows that are decorated with beads .
south african journalist based in johannesburg. a wits university graduate, lebo enjoys writing lifestyle and entertainment stories .
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urltoken is an internet media company. launched in 2010 by teresa clarke, the company has grown into a media company providing coverage on topics such financial, political and cultural news related to africa. using the online web portal about the continent, its main purpose is to be a unique platform for anyone interested in africa to learn more about all aspects of the continent. also it provides for both business and world leaders accurate information about the investment climate. the urltoken organization has representation offices in johannesburg, south africa; lagos, nigeria; and new york city, united states. african american business woman and entrepreneur teresa clarke is the ceo and founder of the site; cbs news correspondent jacqueline adams is the executive editor, and jendayi frazer (ambassador to south africa) is an advisory board member.
urltoken is an internet media company. launched in 2010 by teresa clarke, the company has grown into a media company providing coverage on topics such financial, political and cultural news related to africa. using the online web portal about the continent, its main purpose is to be a unique platform for anyone interested in africa to learn more about all aspects of the continent. also it provides for both business and world leaders accurate information about the investment climate. the urltoken organization has representation offices in johannesburg, south africa; lagos, nigeria; and new york city, united states. african american business woman and entrepreneur teresa clarke is the ceo and founder of the site; cbs news correspondent jacqueline adams is the executive editor, and jendayi frazer (ambassador to south africa) is an advisory board member.