coffee culture in former yugoslavia
later in his career, helped to popularize coffee breaks within the american culture .
( unfiltered turkish coffee) remains the most popular type of coffee drink among locals .
is canada' s largest coffee chain, making millions of cups of coffee a day .
coffee cup, for drinking coffee, usually smaller than a teacup in north america and europe. there are many different kinds of coffee cups .
a coffee cafè in melbourne. the city is said to have some of the best coffee in the world .
and their clones across the united states. other aspects of coffee culture include the presence of free
in the 1970s, cafe bars started cropping up everywhere in the city as coffee culture became an essential part of social life in former yugoslavia. nowadays, belgrade' s cafe bars also specialise in traditional cuisine, while
despalatovic, elinor. peasant culture and national culture: balkanistica, vol. 2, 1976 .
access for customers, many of whom do business in these locations for hours on a regular basis. the style of coffee culture varies by country, with an example being the strength of existing cafe style coffee culture in
wherever the coffee break originated, stamberg says, it may not actually have been called a coffee break until 1952. that year, a pan - american coffee bureau ad campaign urged consumers,' give yourself a coffee - break - - and get what coffee gives to you.'
coffee service tray, to place the coffee utensils on and to keep the hot water from spilling onto the table .
allcock, john b. et al. , eds. conflict in the former yugoslavia: an encyclopedia, 1998 .
the culture of tito´s yugoslavia 1945 - 1980 | h - soz - kult. kommunikation und fachinformation für die geschichtswissenschaften
a coffee bearer, from the ottoman quarters in cairo, egypt in the year 1857 .
coffee culture describes a social atmosphere or series of associated social behaviors that depends heavily upon coffee, particularly as a social lubricant. the term also refers to the diffusion and adoption of coffee as a widely consumed stimulant by a culture. in the late 20th century, particularly in the western world and urbanized centers on the globe, espresso has been an increasingly dominant form .
coffee pot, for brewing with hot water, made of glass or metal .
coffee plays a large role in much of history and literature because of the large effects the coffee industry has had on cultures where it is produced or consumed. coffee is often mentioned as one of the main economic goods used in imperial control of trade, and with colonized trade patterns in
goods
such as slaves, coffee, and sugar, which defined brazilian trade, for example, for centuries. coffee in culture or trade is a central theme and prominently referenced in much poetry, fiction, and regional history .
yugoslavia ceased to exist, and croatia has been independent from yugoslavia since 1991. do not refer to croats or croatia as yugoslavs or yugoslavia, as majority of the population will find that disrespectful .
coffee has also been important in austrian and in french culture since the late 19th and early 20th centuries. vienna' s coffeehouses are prominent in viennese culture and known internationally, while paris was important in the development of
café society
in the first half of the 20th century .
in some countries, notably in northern europe, coffee parties are a popular form of entertainment. besides coffee, the host or hostess at the coffee party also serves cake and pastries, sometimes homemade. in germany, netherlands, austria and the nordic countries, strong black coffee is also regularly drunk along with or immediately after main meals such as lunch and dinner, and several times at work or school. in the café culture of these countries, especially germany and sweden, free refills of black coffee are often provided at restaurants and cafés, especially if customers have also bought a sweet treat or pastry with the coffee .
coffee is usually stronger than elsewhere. milk can be used to make it softer .
gilliland, mary k .
nationalism and ethnogenesis in the former yugoslavia
in lola romanucci - ross and george devos, eds. , ethnic identity, 3rd ed. , 1995 .
he orders me another coffee as women with small dogs parade up and down korzo (rijeka has inherited a languid, formal coffee culture from its former austro - hungarian occupiers). he shows me photographs of some of his more experimental art pieces on his phone, and details other schemes he has to celebrate rijeka’s literary visitors: d’annunzio, james joyce .
stewart, charles. demons and the devil: moral imagination in modern greek culture, 1991 .
many social aspects of coffee can be seen in the modern - day lifestyle. by absolute volume, the
in the 1977 - 1981 period, 13 percent of all new marriages in yugoslavia were ethnically mixed .
coffee culture frequently shows up in comics, television, and movies in a variety of ways. tv shows such as ncis show characters constantly with espresso in hand or people distributing take - out cups to other characters. the comic strips adam and pearls before swine frequently center the strip around visiting or working at coffee shops .
magas, branka. the destruction of yugoslavia, 4th ed. , 1993 .
west, richard. tito and the rise and fall of yugoslavia, 1994 .
andrei shary (b. 1965) is a writer, journalist and radio personality. he has worked with major russian publications, and in the 1990s was a war correspondent in the former yugoslavia. today he lives in prague and works with radio svoboda. shary is the author of numerous books about yugoslavia, collections of essays and a series of investigations on popular images of global popular culture .
banac, ivo. the national question in yugoslavia: origins, history, politics, 1984 .
if we had to return to belgrade, i would spend a day exploring the city' s coffee scene. cafe culture is an important part of the city’s identity. walk down any street in belgrade' s old town and you’ll come across a myriad of cheerful coffee shops – and a few quirky ones .
in the late 1980s tension began to build between croats and serbs in the former yugoslavia. violent incidents began to erupt in croatia in february 1991. croatia declared independence from socialist yugoslavia in 1991. war broke out in 1991 with yugoslav national army (jna). at the end of 1991 there was full - scale war in croatia. the war was between the serbs, in what had been the republic of serbia in the former yugoslavia, and croats in the newly independent croatia. the reasons for the war are very complex. very simply, while croatia wanted to separate from yugoslavia, serbs were largely unwilling to allow this to happen, probably largely for economic reasons .
location and geography. croatia was one of the six republics of the former yugoslavia. it shares borders with italy, slovenia, and hungary to the north and with the federal republic of yugoslavia (serbia) and bosnia - herzegovina to the east and south. croats think of themselves as more closely linked with austria than with the other territories and cultures of the former yugoslavia. they do not refer to themselves as a balkan country but as a european one .
although there were other feminist initiatives in yugoslavia at that time, this was the most prominent one .
symbolism. the newly independent state has had to recreate a national culture by drawing from history and folk culture. in this sense, croatia is an imagined community. the modern national identity draws on its medieval roots, association with viennese
high culture ,
culturally diverse rural traditions, and roman catholicism .
sally adamson taylor. (2004) culture shock! france (culture shock! france), marshall cavendish international (asia) pte. ltd. isbn 1 - 55868 - 767 - x .
, with the wives of norwegian immigrants. the city celebrates this every year with the stoughton coffee break festival .
noted that
[ s ] ince the war, the coffee break has been written into union contracts
.
prussian nationalism and culture (many regions bulked at the time living under prussia or imperial germany) .
lampe, john r. yugoslavia as history: twice there was a country, 2000 .
country report: yugoslavia (serbia - montenegro) .
in the economist intelligence unit, 1998 .
you should also be aware that in most instances when bosnians refer to coffee, they mean coffee of the style we’d consider turkish coffee. don’t call it that though! bosnians are fiercely proud of their rich heritage of coffee making and no visit to the country would be complete without a cup of thick, rich and aromatic traditionally - brewed bosanska kafa. even in higher end cafes you shouldn’t expect to pay more than a pound for the privilege so do be sure to seek one out .
in many urban centers in the world, it is not unusual to see several espresso shops and stands within walking distance of each other or on opposite corners of the same intersection, typically with customers overflowing into parking lots. thus, the term coffee culture is also used frequently in popular and business media to describe the deep impact of the market penetration of coffee - serving establishments .
the culture of tito´s yugoslavia 1945 - 1980, 18. 10. 2013 – 20. 10. 2013 wien, in: h - soz - kult, 27. 09. 2013, < urltoken > .
[ work ] for maxwell house that helped make the' coffee break' an american custom in offices, factories, and homes .
for my foods class i was looking at how food relates to culture in greece, and this site helped me somewhat .
wachtel, andrew. making a nation, breaking a nation: literature and cultural politics in yugoslavia, 1998 .
huseby - darvas, eva v .
but where can we go? refugee women in hungary from the former yugoslavia .
in jeffrey l. macdonald and amy zaharlick, eds. , selected papers on refugee issues, vol. 3, 1994 .
thank you so much for this information. . it helps me a lot doing my research about croatian culture .
in 1996 a peace treaty was negotiated between yugoslavia and croatia, and bosnia was divided between serbs and croat muslims .
the predominantly muslim country at the centre of the former yugoslavia has a rich and diverse history, which is evident in its melting pot of cultural styles. catholic and orthodox churches can be found alongside historic synagogues and the minuets of ancient mosques .
do not, under any circumstances, bring up the topics of yugoslavia, tito, and communism .
the skopje aqueduct was used to supply water from the gorge lavovec in gluvo village, to the part of skopje, which now is the old bazaar and bitpazar district. interesting to mentioned is that, in former yugoslavia there were only 3 aqueducts remained, one in macedonia and two in montenegro .
dirty word. women who declared themselves as feminists appeared in the public cultural life and even had some institutional legitimacy behind them in yugoslavia .
a small percentage of non - croat groups identify with a different culture. serbs usually identify with serbian culture. slovenes, muslims, jews, albanians, and roma (gypsies) generally identify with their own national groups and cultures .
i love this resource page! it helps me a lot in school culture research. thank you for providing the information! ^ - ^
before its secession, croatia had a large serb minority, the croats and serbs mostly choosing each other, principally because they were two largest ethnic groups in yugoslavia. moreover, croats and serbs lived in large numbers across the mixed areas of bosnia and herzegovina, and there was a sizable croat minority in serbia. consequently, there were hardly any regions in the former yugoslavia where croats and serbs would not encounter each other .
silber, laura, and allan little. yugoslavia: death of a nation. 3rd ed. , 1995 .
international tension over territorial boundaries and the treatment of minority populations remain high in the region, although the disintegration of yugoslavia and the former soviet bloc has unleashed a new dynamic. these tensions often take on an ethnic character. relations are best with other orthodox countries and most strained with turkey, albania, and the former yugoslavian republic of macedonia. the partitioning of cyprus into greek and turkish sides in 1974 remains a bone of contention .
in this respect, yugoslavia was quite different from many other countries, including those in the west. men in the former yugoslavia received higher incomes and better life chances than women. however, if one looks at the universities and many other areas of social life, women had some grounds for an impression that they were equal to men. this was the first, sociopolitical precondition for women' s preponderance in the anti - war movements of 1991 - 1995 .
never bring up yugoslavia, communism, the tito era, the ustashe regime (croatian nationalism) and slobodan milosevic (serbian nationalism). bosnian and herzegovinians have been in yugoslavia only a couple of decades and as such in general they do not like to be called yugoslavs .
this article is really awesome. . i loved it! ! it helped me learn a lot about serbian culture :): )
in croatia, the term for kafana is ka v ana (as coffee is spelled kava in croatian) and they differ widely between continental croatia and the dalmatian coast. kafić (pl. kafići) is a more general term encompassing all establishments serving coffee and alcohol drinks only, while kavana is the name for distinctly styled bistros described in this article .
in addition to coffee, many cafés also serve tea, sandwiches, pastries, and other light refreshments. some provide other services, such as wired or wireless internet access (thus the name ,
internet café
— which has carried over to stores that provide internet service without any coffee) for their customers .
this is not a crisis that can be localized and resolved by the repression or destruction of one or two local ethnic communities, which seems to be the aim of the present scramble for the balkan region by its peace brokers. any lasting solution in the former yugoslavia will have to be politically imaginative and creative: military intervention and occupation (regardless of how pacific a label may be slapped on it) cannot solve the problems. additional military inputs only lead to future conflicts. the only lasting solution for the former yugoslavia and the whole balkans is total disarmament .
ćosić, the communications director for rijeka’s 2020 capital of culture programme, and an experimental artist in his own right, isn’t your typical bureaucrat. he’s sick of safe capital of culture programmes that celebrate anodyne art. that, he says, isn’t part of rijeka’s historically riotous, anarchic spirit .
an important lesson to be learned from the breakup of yugoslavia is that international media and observers should not ignore the alternative movements and groups fighting their authoritarian nationalist regimes, as they ignored them in the former yugoslavia. there were several waves of anti - war and pro - democracy movements in serbia and montenegro, both ignored by foreign observers, who seemed unable to find their way to yugoslavia. the story of the
bad serbs
and
good others
reduced this conflict to a simplistic ethnically based dichotomy that actually precludes any understanding of the issue .
kim, julie, and erich saphir. yugoslavia: chronology of events june 15, 1991–august 15, 1992, 1992 .
the caravan was organized with enormous support from arci, one of the biggest nongovernmental peace organizations in italy. that, in turn, mobilized italian alternative public opinion in support of the peace movement in yugoslavia .
tea or coffee are offered to guests almost universally. among some groups, especially at night, a glass of wine or beer may take its place .
serbs take their coffee seriously and thrive on fiendishly strong turkish coffee known as kuvana kafa. the cafes in the adjoining republic and students' squares, as well as neighbouring knez mihailova, are filled with belgraders getting their caffeine fix. as many locals work from 8am until 4pm, the streets throng with people much earlier in the day than in other parts of europe .
the bosnian authorities, the united nations cultural agency (unesco), the world monument fund and the aga khan trust for culture are also involved in the project .
coffee drinking is a long - standing cultural practice in serbia, dating back to the ottoman period. coffeehouses in belgrade were introduced by the turks, who called this business kafane. in the 20th century, belgrade’s coffeehouses, or
coffee breaks usually last from 10 to 20 minutes and frequently occur at the end of the first third of the work shift. in some companies and some civil service, the coffee break may be observed formally at a set hour. in some places, a
cart
with hot and cold beverages and cakes, breads and pastries arrives at the same time morning and afternoon, an employer may contract with an outside caterer for daily service, or coffee breaks may take place away from the actual work - area in a designated cafeteria or tea room .
the concept of a social gathering place for men to drink alcoholic beverages and coffee originated in ottoman empire and spread to southeast europe during ottoman rule, further evolving into the contemporary kafana .
​the city' s suave cafe culture is ingrained in every day life. this became even more apparent on saturday evening, when the quiet streets of the old town turned into a hive of activity. within an hour, the air became filled with the aroma of coffee. suddenly, i was no longer interested in exploring the streets of belgrade. all i wanted to do was sit down for a cup of coffee in knez mihailova and watch the world go by. and for the rest of the evening, we did just that .
eterovich, francis h. , and christopher spalatin. croatia: land, people and culture, vols. 1 and 2, 1964, 1970 .
since the flags are similar yet most of the culture and language is different, the locals don' t like to be confused with the dutch .
please avoid the issue of the bosnian civil war, the dissolution of yugoslavia and ethnic / national / religious differences at all costs .
some people were quite skeptical about this way of widening the circle of anti - war activists. however, the fact is that a former extreme nationalist, vuk draskovic ,
the prejudiced view that slovakia as a backward country (same applies to all former communist european countries) is considered to be very offensive because the country is highly developed .
in the last years of yugoslavia' s existence, many women were in fact characterized by a more or less self - unaware feminism that, before the 1980s, only some of them could articulate. this kind of feminism could be found in most eastern european countries but especially in yugoslavia, where women' s emancipation went farther and cut deeper than in most other east european countries .
it should not be possible for germany to sit on the un security council after having subverted another member country of the un and continuously violated the 1991 un arms embargo on arms trade in the former yugoslavia. germany should have been suspended from the united nations at any time since 1990, when it started arming croatian and slovenian separatists .
the peace activists of slovenia, on the other hand, never acknowledged that there might be anything problematic about the way yugoslavia was destroyed .
social problems since independence, include the needs of refugees and other victims of war. there is a school of social welfare in the university of zagreb. there is a very small social welfare system. in the former yugoslavia, there was little unemployment or welfare, though a social security system existed. however, if one did not have a job, one
generally speaking, the conflict occurred following the breakup of yugoslavia. ethnic nationalists made various territorial claims over bosnian land they regarded as belonging to their people (sometimes with the support of neighbouring serbia and croatia). various attempts to achieve independence from yugoslavia and ethnic secessionist movements resulted in the bosnian war .
symbolism. the national symbol of serbia is a double - headed white eagle, a creature considered the king of animals. the new flag of serbia and montenegro is three vertical bars, blue, white, and red (from top to bottom). the flag of the former yugoslavia was the same but with a red star outlined in yellow in the center .
the roman catholics of herzegovina identify with the croatian national culture. herzegovinans generally believe that they should be part of croatia, not linked to bosnia. croats in the diaspora are represented in the national parliament .
probably the purest form of kafana can be found in bosnia where no food is served (differentiating kafana from ćevabdžinica, aščinica and buregdžinica), staying true to the original turkish coffee and alcohol concept .
in two cases non - croats constitute a significant minority in a local population and have maintained group identities as non - croats. in istria, an italian minority prefer the italian language, and identify strongly with italian culture. in slavonia, along the hungarian border, ethnic hungarians (magyars) prefer the hungarian language and identify with hungarian culture. this is not generally true of non - croat and non - slav populations in other regions, such as italians in dalmatia and hungarians in zagreb .
participants are encouraged to present the results of their original research (20 mintues + 10 minutes discussion), based on primary sources, related to yugoslav culture during the governance of josip broz tito in the defined context, ranging from overviews about cultural policy in the country and syntheses of directions in different arts, to (re) considerations of existing histories of literature, art, architecture or music; education; activities of institutions; media; every - day culture; aesthetical questions, and case studies of representative works of art, regarded as embodiment of yugoslav culture .
usually it is customary when visiting a person' s home to bring something to eat as a complement to the tea or coffee on offer, even if not intending to have any .
when biljana told me that she hadn’t yet booked a room for the night, i honestly thought we would end up sleeping in the car. at 6. 30pm, we sat down for another coffee in knez mihailova. biljana took her phone out and started looking for hotels with available rooms. i stared at the foamy cup of turkish coffee that had just been placed before me, patiently waiting for some good news .
western leaders should realize that there always were people in the former yugoslavia who think and act differently from their warmongering governments. those people were largely left to themselves, and yet they never gave up their struggle for peace. the question is, however, how long can the peace movement - and the whole alternative social milieu - hold out without primarily moral external aid .
western rock music is extremely popular with younger audiences, and yugoslavia has produced some homegrown stars. many of them use the form to convey political messages .
rijeka, sandra tells me, has its own rhythms, its own secrets. if you want to talk over a coffee, she says — and here, everybody longs to linger over a viennese - style coffee — you first set out to do your saturday shopping along korzo, where you can see and be seen. “everyone you meet will stop and ask you for a coffee”, and about 10 people we passed did just that. “you’ll never get a single errand done. everybody knows that if you want to hide, you have to take the smaller streets. ”
because this demand for an increase in population was so crucial for all conflicting ethnic nationalisms of the former yugoslavia, their elites were bound to clash with women' s movements and organizations. higher natality would produce more soldiers to support ethnocratic elites' territorial claims. the new demand for this signaled the return of patriarchal values and attitudes that jeopardized the gains in women' s equality achieved under the previous regime .
they were formerly part of yugoslavia, so do not assume they are (nor still) yugoslav (ian), and they rather disassociate with that identity .
the idea behind the caravan was not to stop the war, because that was clearly impossible. what was possible was to establish communications between the citizens of europe and those of the former yugoslavia. the aim was to demonstrate to the yugoslavs that europe cared about what went on in their country and, at the same time, to send a message to europe that the yugoslav conflict would be more prolonged and difficult to resolve than they thought. another goal was to establish a direct contact between various nongovernmental organizations, peace groups, and movements in europe and those that were just springing up in yugoslavia .
trade. trade has been restricted by sanctions imposed by many western countries. major partners include the former yugoslav republics of macedonia and bosnia and herzogovina, as well as italy, germany, and russia .
alternative: ethnographic museum for balkan folk culture, from rural and urban housing and design to traditional tools and dress, including examples of national costumes from all ex - yugoslav republics .
between 1990 and 1994 south africa dismantled apartheid surprisingly peacefully. with the oslo accords, israel and the palestine liberation organization had come together at last to negotiate a framework for coexistence and eventual peace. the civil wars in the former yugoslavia ended and an enduring peace was restored. china became normal, reforming its economy, tripling its gross domestic product and easing its way into the world order .
the figure describing the country’s migrant population size in australia is based on the number of australian residents that were born in that country. hence, this represents the population of first - generation migrants only, not the entire number of people living in australia who identify with the culture in question .
this article is mostly very good and correct and such foreign objective articles are usualy rare for croatia at present. however, i think this is not fairly true :
the newly independent state has had to recreate a national culture by drawing from history and folk culture. in this sense, croatia is an imagined community .
croatia has rich literary tradition and well documented culture through 1200 years and all of our lands have always had strong national identity although sometimes oppressed because of foreign invaders. what happened in the mid 19th and late 20th century was merely national awakening and forming our identity in modern western style. what is really great is that croatian history and culture doesn' t rely on myths and legend but instead we try to be maximally objective so we didn' t have to recreate anything. what i' m trying to say is that croatian culture wasn' t invented in our national awakening ad in formation of independent state in 1991 but that was just culmination of a long and natural cultural and political process which ended in forming classical national identity like the one in hungary, portugal, denmark or other such states .
these patriarchal residues are unevenly distributed across the social strata, ethnic groups, and genders. in the prewar yugoslavia, patriarchal values continued to linger on more persistently among men than among women .
slovenia and slovenes themselves are proud of their country, culture and history. they are one of the smallest ethnic groups in population in europe. historic slovenia includes carinthian austria, friuli - venezia - giulia of italy and medjurgorje of hungary .
the serbian peace movement is preponderantly made up of women who opposed the war as part of their existential stance, their world view, and their human obligation. the beginnings of this process were innocuous and modest, related to something that happened well before the outbreak of the war or the breakup of yugoslavia, and far away from yugoslavia - in canada .
thank you for such an informative sight. it has helped me understand much about croatia and its culture. i am using some of the information and citing you in my work. i hope this is ok .
nice article, however very disapointing to see that michael parenti´s absolutely brilliant book
how to kill a nation: the death of yugoslavia
did not make it to the biography or the article. also misha gleny´s history of the balkans is good. anyone wanting to understand the politics of the old yugoslavia should read these 2 .
introducing the life and legacy of two of the greatest personalities in serbian culture – linguist vuk karadžić and philosopher dositej obradović – the museum of vuk and dositej is located in one of the oldest parts of belgrade. in fact, it’s housed in the city’s oldest preserved residential building dating from the first half of the 18th century. if you’re visiting in the summertime, be sure to check out its ‘summer in the neighbourhood’ programme, which includes sleepover for kids inside the museum, coffee and the possibility to chat with older neighbours, pet - friendly tours and more .
war still remains a masculine pursuit, although numerous men evade conscription or desert from the military in all wars. war is, thus, predominantly, but by no means exclusively - and certainly not biologically - a masculine affair. . how masculine any particular war may turn out to be largely depends upon the power of patriarchal values in the culture of the societies involved in the conflict. the stronger patriarchal residues in the culture, the more warlike its members' attitudes are likely to be .
the soros foundation made an issue of having a young woman run its office in montenegro. she passed, somehow, but patriarchal montenegrin society finds it very hard to accept women in executive positions. montenegro is still characterized by tribal - family organization, where woman' s place - at home - remains as well known today as it was for centuries. in this respect, kosovo and montenegro compete for the position of the least developed part of the former yugoslavia .
food in daily life. grain, grapes, and olives are central to the diet, supplemented with eggs, cheese, yogurt, fish, lamb, goat, chicken, rice, and fruits and vegetables. certain foods are emblematic of the national identity, including moussaka, baklava, thick coffee, and resinated wine (retsina). coffee - houses have long functioned as daily gathering places for men. dining out has gained in popularity, with a corresponding increase in the number and variety of restaurants .
in montenegro, the peace activists were all men. the same picture is reflected in the montenegrin parliament. the same goes for the serbian parliament, to be sure. all former yugoslav republics' parliaments look monotonously male. but montenegro is the worst of them all .
no: i mean our cup of coffee. you can’t talk about the ’90s without talking about the sudden availability of excellent coffee — espresso in idaho! — all over america. this was thanks to starbucks, of course, which went from nearly 100 outlets in the united states at the start of the decade to 2, 000 at the end. but as it goes with so many good things in america — easier credit and financial innovation and electronic connection and all the rest — that just wasn’t enough .
if isolationist policies of western powers against yugoslavia and the yugoslav regime' s own isolationism vis - a - vis the west should continue much longer (and those two go together), the open civil society project in yugoslavia would continue to decline. there were many indications in the 1990s that this would indeed be the case. people were apparently losing energy for the continuous struggles, internal and international .
the luxembourgish have a reputation for coping quite well with foreigners and cultural diversity. be polite and quiet in public and eventually that feeling will pass. making friends with locals will help educate you on luxembourgish culture and customs .
on this sixteen - day adventure we will discover europe' s newest countries and travel by rail through some of the balkan' s most inspiring scenery. former yugoslavia is still a path untrodden by many travellers after war and communism reigned strong for much of the 20th century. however, now there are thriving new capitals open for discovery and untouched countryside to be seen. this fast paced trip will get under the skin of tito' s yugoslavia, as well as visiting europe' s oldest lake, lake ohrid, and croatia' s largest national park, plitvice .
as one of the most visited museums in serbia, the museum of yugoslavia owes its status to widespread ‘yugonostalgia’ and the grave of socialist yugoslavia’s lifelong president josip broz tito, situated inside the museum complex. but most of all, the museum offers an often critical insight into the various aspects of life in yugoslavia over the 20th century – from everyday life to economic ups and downs, arts, politics and so on. the permanent collection features priceless gifts that tito received in his lifetime, such as the fragment of the moon’s surface from the crew of apollo 11 or the gold sabre of a soviet commander from stalin .
during world war ii, in 1943, democratic federative yugoslavia was founded as a communist - socialist country of south slavs, united under the motto bratstvo i jedinstvo (brotherhood and unity). after the war, the name of the country has been changed into federative people’s republic of yugoslavia (1946–1963) and afterwards into socialist federative republic of yugoslavia (1963–1992). josip broz tito (1892–1980) was the first minister (1943–1963) and, after the eight - year presidency of ivan ribar (1945–1953), the country’s president for life (1953–1980) .
he explains: in rijeka’s harbour on the adriatic, among the cargo ships that in the days of the austro - hungarian empire made the city, along with italy’s trieste, one of the main habsburg outposts on the coast, there lies the warship of josip broz tito: the communist dictator who ruled former yugoslavia, including croatia, with an iron fist. one of the 2020 events ćosić and his team are planning involves transforming the ship into a museum .
all that has created an atmosphere worse than that of poland in the late 1980s, when many young poles wished to leave their country for the west. the percentage may easily turn out to have been higher in yugoslavia during the 1990s .
support for the arts. the arts are generally well supported in croatia, including literature, fine arts, graphic arts and performance arts. folk art, music and dance are also important, and part of the croatian national identity. in the former yugoslavia, all these activities were supported directly by the state. this is no longer entirely true, although the state is still involved in support of the arts, and the general croat population pays attention to and appreciates many forms of art .
this exciting trip is a fantastic way to discover former yugoslavia and begin to uncover seven fast changing countries in just 16 days; using the local railways to get around. on this varied holiday you' ll visit capital cities, beautiful coastline, europe' s oldest lake and a number of stunning national parks. it' s a great introduction to the region and will allow you to get under the skin of the true balkans .
classes and castes. despite income differences in the population and a small upper stratum of established families in the larger cities, the class system has been marked by mobility since the establishment of the modern state. former bases of wealth and power disappeared with the departure of the ottomans and the dismantling of agricultural estates. a fluid class system fits the strongly egalitarian emphasis of the culture. the degree to which minority groups receive the rights and opportunities of greeks is a topic of public discussion .
the words
greek ,
hellenic ,
and
romeic
refer not only to the country but also to the majority ethnic group. greek culture and identity reflect the shared history and common expectations of all members of the nation - state, but they also reflect an ethnic history and culture that predate the nation - state and extend to greek people outside the country' s borders. since 98 percent of the country' s citizens are ethnically greek, ethnic greek culture has become almost synonymous with that of the nation - state. however, recent migration patterns may lead to a resurgence of other ethnic groups in the population .
another women' s initiative, known as the mothers movement, erupted apparently spontaneously with the outbreak of war in slovenia. it received enormous attention from both domestic and foreign media, which demonstrated ill will and misunderstanding of what happened in yugoslavia .
milosevic refused to recognize the sovereignty of any of these states, and on 27 april 1992 declared serbia and montenegro the federal republic of yugoslavia. they officially withdrew troops from bosnia, but many of these forces were bosnian serbs, who stayed on of their own accord and continued to perpetrate horrible violence against the muslims in the area. in may 1992 the u. n. security council responded by passing economic sanctions against yugoslavia .
and religion is another topic not to be taken lightly, though most europeans are not as dogmatic in religious observance. there is more religious diversity, tolerance of churches and minority sects, and the separation of church and state is serious policy. religious conflicts sometimes fueled by politics and ancient ethnic hatreds like in northern ireland, civil wars and breakup of the former yugoslavia, and the rise of islam in europe (particularly france, switzerland and the uk) based more on xenophobia, are emotionally charged issues .
bosnians may enjoy leisurely strolls down promenades (korza), and most like to meet and spend a long time chatting in cafés / bars (kafići). people especially like to socialise over coffee. it’s common to meet at evening gatherings, known as ‘ sijelo ’. this could involve several members of a neighbourhood going to a household and spending a long evening drinking coffee and discussing the latest news, or it could be a group of younger people going to a social event together .
the slovenian parliament declared its republic' s secession from yugoslavia, they were critical toward the slovenian government. after that, they firmly lined up behind the decisions of the slovenian government .
but nowhere captures the riotous strangeness of the ‘austrian riviera’ — as this part of croatia was once known — like the city of rijeka itself. a former industrial port city, more imposing than beautiful, rijeka’s charm lies in its almost haphazard approach to cultural synchronicity .
but women were often relatively equal to men in their pay and sometimes even in the kinds of work they performed. the latter equalization was at times marked by debates about whether women should be equally represented among tractor or locomotive operators. the presence of partially declarative and partially concrete points of equality created a general impression that women were not quite equal, and a widespread belief that they would relatively soon become equal to men in reality as well. thus, we used to have a mixture of declarative and real equal opportunity in the former yugoslavia .
the word itself, irrespective of regional differences, is derived from the turkish kahvehane (
coffeehouse
) which is in turn derived from the persian term qahveh - khaneh (a compound of the arabic qahve [ coffee ] and persian khane [ house ]) .
topics about sexuality has lessened from the victorian age (in britain' s case in the 19th century) than in the usa continually held onto
puritan
mores of sexual behavior. but european culture remains close to older rules of etiquette handed down in generations even though some of the rules changed by social unrest in the 20th century, and the young tend to alter them in the 21st century .
marie colvin was an experienced journalist who had reported from several war torn countries, including the former yugoslavia, sri lanka, east timor, and from various locations in the middle east. her work was admired by both her contemporaries and the public, and along with other awards she was named foreign correspondent of the year on two separate occasions by the british press awards. her death in the city of homs in syria ended a life that was spent chasing the truth and bringing it to the masses, despite the threats she invariably faced in these situations .
belgrade is home to the old royal palace of yugoslavia, as well as current government buildings. many of these are in an area called new belgrade, on the outskirts of the city. belgrade also boasts centuries - old
there was a peculiar and quite specific situation in slovenia at the time of its secession from yugoslavia. slovenia was well ahead of all of the rest of eastern europe in terms of belief in and the practice of the civil society. slovenia was also the only yugoslav republic that actually had a peace institute. yet, there was hardly any peace movement in slovenia when the war started, and whatever movement spontaneously appeared was not led by the slovene alternative groups but by former members and even leaders of the league of communists of slovenia, such as sonja lokar .
mr. osmund gunderson decided to ask the norwegian wives, who lived just up the hill from his warehouse, if they would come and help him sort the tobacco. the women agreed, as long as they could have a break in the morning and another in the afternoon, to go home and tend to their chores. of course, this also meant they were free to have a cup of coffee from the pot that was always hot on the stove. mr. gunderson agreed and with this simple habit, the coffee break was born .
yugoslavia also has one of the world' s largest gypsy populations, who are also treated with intolerance. in the 1980s there was a movement among yugoslav gypsies for separate nationhood, but it never materialized and eventually lost steam .
before the recent war (1991–1995), there was a large serb population in the region known as the military frontier (vojna krajina) who did not identify with croatian culture. as tensions built between croats and serbs in the late 1980s, krajina serbs began to express animosity toward the croatian culture and language. in 1991, croatia lost political control of this region (and 30 percent of its land); in 1995, it regained legal and political control. in 1997, when the region was restored to croatian administration, most krajina serbs left for serbia, where many now live as refugees .
where can i find out more about health care in the greek culture? needs and beliefs concerning health care for all ages and health status. how about the family members who move away? do they hold strongly to what their ancestors practice and believe ?
denich, bette s .
unmaking multi - ethnicity in yugoslavia: metamorphosis observed .
in david kideckel and joel halpern, eds. , the anthropology of east europe review special issue: war among the yugoslavs. 11 (1 and 2), 1994 .
death and the afterlife. most croats hold to a roman catholic vision of death and resurrection of the soul. interestingly, all saints' day (day of the dead) is the only catholic holiday that was celebrated by most of the ethnic groups in the former yugoslavia. it is still a very important observance in croatia. families wash and prepare graves, and decorate them with candles, flowers and photographs. people often make several trips to graveyards during the days just before and after all saints' day .
peace, prosperity, order — and american culture was vibrant and healthy as well. there were both shockingly excellent versions of what had come before and distinctly new, original forms. wasn’t the release of nirvana’s “nevermind, ” in 1991, pretty much the last time a new rock ’n’ roll band truly, deeply mattered, the way rock ’n’ roll did in the ’60s and ’70s? wasn’t hip - hop, which achieved its mass - market breakthrough and dominance in the ’90s, the last genuinely new and consequential invention of american pop culture ?
be social and open, bosnians are almost by rule very social society and love chitchats and meeting up for a cup of coffee. as the rest population on balkan peninsula, they are considered a complete opposite of scandinavians when it comes to socializing .
visitors to belgrade should be aware that local laws do prohibit the photography of certain public buildings. it is also considered disrespectful to snap the decaying remnants of buildings that were bombed during the nato air strikes – such as the former yugoslav ministry of defence .
croatian and related southern slav languages are modern versions of the languages of the slavic peoples who moved into the lands of the former yugoslavia around 500 c. e. today, language is an important part of personal and group identity, but historically the croatian language was not always spoken by a majority of croats. under the hapsburgs, urban croats spoke german, and latin was the official language of government. a national reawakening in the nineteenth century focused on the establishment of a national language .
i am a curious wanderer, caffeine addict and an (over) enthusiastic photographer. when i' m not busy working on my blog, you can find me browsing second - hand bookshops or eyeing the cakes at one of my local coffee shops .
these four pictures - from slovenia, croatia, serbia, and bosnia - herzegovina - show the situation that prevailed in yugoslavia in september of 1991. the caravan participants met apprehensive stiffness in ljubljana and zagreb; relaxed joy in belgrade, in spite of the low turnout (those who did come out really believed in peace activism); and exceptional enthusiasm in sarajevo. the caravan organizers were fearful, however, because even in sarajevo the turnout of peace activists had dropped so much since july.
in former yugoslavia , coffee drinking is an important cultural practice . coffee culture has a long history , dating back to the ottoman period . the distinct type of coffeehouse in former yugoslavia is the kafana , and the traditional form is " turkish coffee " ( unfiltered ) . 
in former yugoslavia, coffee drinking is an important cultural practice. coffee culture has a long history, dating back to the ottoman period. the distinct type of coffeehouse in former yugoslavia is the kafana, and the traditional form is " turkish coffee " (unfiltered).
in former yugoslavia, coffee drinking is an important cultural practice. coffee culture has a long history, dating back to the ottoman period. the distinct type of coffeehouse in former yugoslavia is the kafana, and the traditional form is " turkish coffee " (unfiltered).