polaroid eyewear
plr ecommerce, llc. all rights reserved. polaroid, polaroid & pixel, polaroid classic border logo and polaroid color spectrum are trademarks of plr ip holdings, llc .
, owner of a sight for sport eyes specializing in sports eyewear and sunglasses. urltoken
34. an optical filter according to claim 28, wherein the optical filter is one of a lens, a pair of sunglasses, corrective eyewear, protective eyewear, or a visor .
less well known is polaroid eyewear, the original focus of the business founded by polaroid inventor edwin land in 1937. the firm initially produced polaroid day glasses – the first sunglasses with a polarizing filter. the eyewear part of the business was spunoff and sold to stylemark in 2007, before being snapped up by italian - based specialist safilo in 2011 .
46. a method according to claim 43, wherein the eyewear is a wavelength selective polarizing filter .
in 2007 camera manufacture ceased and polaroid was bought over by the stylemark corporation. all that is now left on the strathleven site is the sunglasses lens manufacturing business now known as polaroid eyewear. currently there are about 100 employees .
time will tell if polaroid eyewear' s investment in influencer marketing pays off, but it is clear that the brand has been looking to polaroid' s camera marketing for inspiration by positioning itself products as stylish and classic lifestyle buys .
polaroid eyewear is a world leader in polarized lens technology and one of the world' s best known and most trusted eyewear brands. with its unique history of innovation, the polaroid brand remains at the forefront of technological and design excellence. offering a superb range of eyewear collections, polaroid stands for perfect vision, full protection and wearable design at a great price / performance ratio. the polaroid core, trend, premium and rx sunglass collections unite function with fashion. every pair of sunglasses in these collections features premium polaroid ultrasight™ polarized lenses to ensure perfect vision and protection at its best. these collections showcase the polaroid brand’s ability to anticipate upcoming trends with flattering new sunglass styles to suit every look. designs range from classic and elegant to urban and contemporary .
polaroid eyewear uses press - polishing to manufacture their polarized lenses. press - polishing preserves polarizing capability. it also allows polaroid eyewear to produce lenses that are thicker at the center and tapered towards the edges. greater degrees of curvature in polarized lenses for 2 -, 6 -, and 8 - base frames and 6 - base masks, plus toric lenses, are possible .
polaroid’s color film debuted in 1963. sales of polaroid film, already rapidly increasing, expanded six - fold in the following decade. for polaroid, color instant photography represented an enormous commercial and technical success .
, 3 years working for eyewear websites urltoken and glassesnow. co. uk. involvement in all aspects of th ...
polaroid eyewear may not be as embedded in culture as its former parent company, but the brand is looking to appeal to a fresh generation of consumers with investment in 250 - strong cross - country influencer campaign .
fig. 3 illustrates transmission spectrum that shows both notching and green suppression in eyewear with a design similar to that of fig. 2 .
milan and new york—safilo group (sflg. mi) has launched urltoken, the newest digital museum in the world dedicated entirely to eyewear .
one of the company’s most successful products is the polaroid pic - 300, a modern twist on the classic polaroid camera that instantly prints wallet size photographs. the camera was designed to appeal to the younger generation who view polaroid as retro and fun .
national historic chemical landmark plaque on the former polaroid corporation laboratory in cambridge, massachusetts .
a project that highlights the role of safilo group as the historical leader and founder of the italian eyewear manufacturing tradition as well as the company that owns one of the most important private collections dedicated to eyewear in the world, collected over many years in the memory of its historical owner guglielmo tabacchi .
edwin land, inventor of instant photography, holds a polaroid sx - 70 camera and photograph .
september 13, 2017 marks the 80th anniversary of the founding of polaroid by edwin land in 1937 .
the one - millionth polaroid land camera, a model 95a, comes off the assembly line on september 27 .
beat the heat in pure polaroid style with 3 new limited edition film packs for 600 and onestep 2 cameras .
instantly recognizable. instantly reassuring. the polaroid classic border and polaroid color spectrum logos let you know you' ve purchased a product that exemplifies the best qualities of our brand and that contribute to our rich heritage of quality and innovation .
45. a method according to claim 43, wherein the eyewear has a light transmittancy at 450 nm, 540 nm and 610 nm that is greater than a light transmittancy at 500 nm or 580 nm .
american chemical society national historic chemical landmarks. edwin land and polaroid photography. urltoken (accessed month day, year) .
rather than betting the company’s future on a new generation product line, polaroid decided to leverage its strong, recognizable brand name and enter into strategic license agreements with companies who manufacture modern product categories that aligned with the values the polaroid brand encapsulated .
blending classic design with contemporary style, the onestep 2 is an instant camera that continues the polaroid legacy for the next generation .
dedicated at the mit museum on august 13, 2015, and installed at the former polaroid corporation laboratory in cambridge, massachusetts .
land, shown here with an early instant photograph, first demonstrated polaroid' s instant photography system to the public in 1947 .
between 2001 and 2009, polaroid filed for bankruptcy twice, and from 2005 to 2009, the company went through six ceos .
in fact, urltoken is intended as a place to enhance and share safilo’s universe of ideas, products, techniques, stories and innovation: a long history that dates back to 1878, when angelo frescura turned a mill in calalzo di cadore into the first italian eyewear manufacturing site, which then became the company that this year at the consumer electronic show (ces) in las vegas launched safilox, the first brain sensing eyewear platform enabling mental focus .
in a recent study, 65% of marketing professionals admitted to working with influencers, but of the 33% of those who said they didn' t conceded it was because it was difficult to
effectively measure
the results of influence campaigns. when pressed on how polaroid eyewear will track its own instagram drive, karjalainen said engagement will be key .
although polaroid was a worldwide household name, the introduction of digital cameras to the masses in the late ’90s caused the company to struggle. between 2001 and 2009, polaroid filed for bankruptcy twice. “from 2005 to 2009, we went through six ceos, ” says current ceo and president scott hardy. polaroid realized they had to make a fundamental change and went on a journey of self - discovery .
while polarization can be tricky to understand, it’s very easy to try on a pair of polaroid sunglasses and see what you’ve been missing .
another exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides wavelength selective polarizing filter for active (sports) eyewear that enhances performance and comfort in applications with more defined input parameters. such applications include fishing, scuba diving, golfing, and skiing and others .
one of polaroid’s fastest growing product categories is tablets. “tablets are about being able to view and share your pictures, passively lean back and enjoy content, ” says hardy of how tablets aligned with the polaroid brand. “instantly sharing with friends and family has always been part of our dna. ” the ability of licensee market maker brand licensing to produce tablets at an affordable price point made this product category a natural fit for polaroid .
in addition to the permanent collection—which will be progressively enriched by showcasing additional items from the collection of 3, 000 pieces—galleriasafilo. com will propose a calendar of events and temporary exhibitions, dedicated to locations, personalities, new or unseen objects particularly significant for the eyewear world .
westclox factory in the late 1950s. (the grassy areas at the bottom of the picture are where the polaroid plant was subsequently built in the early 1960s .
the polaroid corporation is formed on september 13, 1937. it acquires the assets of land - wheelwright laboratories to develop the field of light polarization technically and commercially .
the series of innovations released by polaroid over the next decade reduced the early problems and improved picture quality remarkably. by 1957, the new york times called instant photography “equal in tonal range and brilliance to some of the finest prints made by the usual darkroom routine. ” polaroid corporation grew rapidly as instant photography exploded in popularity .
digital cameras were threatening to kill polaroid, so the 75 - year - old company found a way to use their brand recognition and founding technology to stay relevant .
“it was clear to us that the biggest asset we had was the polaroid brand, ” says hardy. with over 75 years of history, polaroid is one of the few globally recognized brand names. the company had a reputation of being a leader in innovation; after all, this was a company that had grown from a garage startup in 1937 to a billion - dollar pop - culture phenomenon. yet, the digitization of photography caused many to view the old polaroid cameras as obsolete .
from his workplace in this building, edwin h. land (1909–1991) led the polaroid corporation in its development of the first instant photography system. this novel technology, demonstrated in 1947, produced photographs by means of a complex sequence of chemical reactions contained within the film unit. land directed numerous improvements to the original one - step, sepia - toned film until polaroid introduced a truly integral instant color photography system in 1972. the immediacy of the polaroid system revolutionized the industry, and instant photography grew rapidly as a popular and artistic medium. land, an innovative scientist and businessman, earned 535 patents in the course of conducting and directing research at polaroid .
the most obvious sign of polaroid' s arrival at strathleven was that pretty soon everyone in the vale was wearing sunglasses. and that symbolised the position that polaroid quickly established in the vale. it became an integral part of the community in a very positive, modern way - providing support and leadership on a whole raft of projects and activities .
also described is an optical filter for enhancing human or animal vision and / or protecting the eyes from harmful light rays that includes a pair of polarizing elements that sandwich a retarder stack. the optical filter may have a spectral transmission that enhances color vision, corrects for a color vision deficiency and / or protects the eyes from harmful light rays. the optical filter may be a double - notch filter that blocks inter - primary light to maintain a color neutral appearance while enhancing the saturation of colored objects. the optical filter may be a lens, a pair of sunglasses, corrective eyewear, protective eyewear, and visor .
polaroid continued to perform strongly under mclean' s successors such as tom tait and derek taylor. its pioneering work in employee relations continued apace. in particular polaroid was very strong on health and fitness. it opened a gym in part of the old strathleven canteen. it promoted a number of programs in the community on that theme. a double decker bus was bought and staffed to carry the health message to the public. polaroid is the major sponsor of a series of 10k road races, which take place each june over various courses in west dunbartonshire .
the american chemical society dedicated edwin land and polaroid instant photography as a national historic chemical landmark in a ceremony at the mit museum in cambridge, massachusetts, on august 13, 2015 .
polarisers, i. e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e. g. polaroid
in the instant film camera market, polaroid partnered with a licensee c & a marketing, an expert in the photo industry, owner of ritz camera stores and calumet photography, to manufacture polaroid - branded cameras and accessories. “it’s a tremendous partnership, ” says hardy. “they have our core category and are thriving and growing and both companies are winning through this model. ”
z2300 instant digital camera becomes the newest addition to the polaroid camera line. the innovative digital camera uses zink® zero ink® printing technology to print to print 2x3
sticky - back photos instantly .
in 2001 polaroid filed for bankruptcy in the us, and the directors did it in a way that caused uproar. they were paid millions in severance, while shareholders got nothing. years later the discontent rumbles on, and it' s likely that the polaroid bankruptcy, as it' s now referred to in investor and legal circles, will be a reference point for years to come .
it was not quite the end of it for the top management in boston, however. polaroid lost a lot of money on the project, the shares collapsed in value, and this was the beginning of the end of the stock market' s love affair with polaroid. it has been estimated that edwin land himself lost $ 660 million in the value of his shares. the question investors wanted answered was “why did you not see the reusable cassette camera coming? better still, why didn' t you make one? ” investors' faith in polaroid' s product innovation was badly shaken .
it was supported by market - leading management and manufacturing processes. polaroid was rightly regarded as a good place to work, people were invariably well treated and very well paid. for many years, it was a spectacular success as evidenced by the range of products, which polaroid introduced into strathleven: sunglasses, cameras and film. the standards and style were set from early on by the site directors. rob mclean was the site director during the formative years at strathleven, when it had explosive growth and was establishing the polaroid way of doing things, which stood them in good stead for 30 years .
the selective filtering of light by polarization interference may be used to enhance vision and / or protect eyes from harmful light rays. for example, such filtering may be used in sunglasses, color corrective eyewear or protective eyewear. the selective filtering of incident light may provide any desired spectral transmission (including visible light and light not visible to the eye) and is performed by a pair of polarizing elements that sandwich a retarder stack. the filtering structure may be formed by multi - layer polarizing structures and may be formed by fabricating sheet laminates that are die cut to form inexpensive laminates. the laminates may be flat or curved in one (e. g. , wrap - around) or more dimensions .
a patents victory over kodak, which saw kodak leave the instant camera market, gave polaroid' s management some temporary respite. it' s fair to say that none of this had an impact on strathleven, which continued to work flat out. however, by the 1990' s like every other manufacturer, polaroid had begun to transfer some manufacturing to cheaper labour areas in south america and the far east .
update 2: in 2016 the polaroid lens manufacturing unit announced that it was to close ending a 50 year association with the vale of leven. it is understood that the closure will take place in 2017 .
the last major arrival at strathleven, and indeed the last major arrival in the vale, was probably the biggest and the best. edwin land had started polaroid as far back as 1937 in boston. before he devised the instant camera in 1947, he had already devised, for wartime pilot use, what became polaroid sunglasses. by 1950 instant cameras were on sale in the us, and polaroid was well on its way to becoming a major star of the post - war international corporate scene. it incorporated in the uk in 1962, and opened its doors, on a very modest scale, shortly thereafter at strathleven .
polarized technology, which was invented by polaroid founder edwin h. land was first used in goggles supplied to world war ii pilots and has since been used in nearly every aspect of visualization, including the polarized sunglasses we wear today. the instant cameras i loved as a child conveyed the concept of sharing. polaroid cameras were always priced within reach of the average consumer, making affordability one of the brand’s key attributes .
the polaroid approach was aspirational - they helped people to make things happen, that otherwise wouldn' t have happened, rather than taking over and doing it for them. this was the approach which polaroid management took in running its business. employees were team - based and were involved in setting goals. they therefore felt ownership in achievement of the goals, and this led to a successful manufacturing operation virtually from the outset .
we' ve worked with influencers before, but not on this global scale ,
he admitted, saying that because social is
crowded
by luxury brands, polaroid has to cut through the noise .
the selective filtering of light by polarization interference may be used to enhance human or animal vision and / or protect the eyes from harmful light rays. for example, such filtering may be used in sunglasses, color corrective eyewear or protective eyewear. the selective filtering of incident light may provide any desired spectral transmission (including visible light and light not visible to the human or animal eye) and is performed by a pair of polarizing elements that sandwich a retarder stack. the filtering structure may be formed by multi - layer polarizing structures and may be formed by fabricating sheet laminates that are die cut to form inexpensive laminates. the laminates may be flat or curved in one (e. g. , wrap - around) or more dimensions .
designed for global smart - visitors, as well as for scholars, researchers and for those who are curious about the history of costume and the eyewear industry, urltoken is a cloud - based digital project that allows visitors to discover, experience and share the wonder of a museum visit from their preferred device, making the most of social networks with intuitive features and language .
polaroid delivered anti - glare goggles for soldiers and pilots, as well as gun sights, viewfinders, cameras, and numerous other optical devices with polarizing lenses. the vectograph, previously a novelty, became a tool for the u. s. military to visualize geographic features of battlegrounds and aerial maps in three dimensions. polaroid earned a reputation among the many companies working toward national goals for delivering optical technologies in short time frames .
safilo' s porfolio of owned brands, which includes carrerra and oxydo, is facing increasingly stiff competition in the $ 90bn global eyewear market from the likes of luxottica - owned ray ban and oakley, as well as johnson & johnson' s acuvue. as such, the company has enlisted the help of 250 instagram influencers from around the globe to ensure it stands out .
the first reductions were made to the strathleven workforce by natural wastage and very generous voluntary redundancy schemes. at the same time, digital cameras made their first appearance on the market. you might have thought, that having been caught cold with polavision, polaroid product developers would never be caught out at the very core of their business again. even 15 or so years later it still seems amazing that polaroid management did not foresee the impact of digital photography on their business. it was well enough known that digital photography was on its way. you' d have though that polaroid could have been in at the beginning with its own digital camera program .
karjalainen was careful to note that while his brand shares a history with its
well known and well loved ,
former parent company, it is seeking a balance that heritage with distinction :
sometimes being part of the heritage of the camera side of the brand helps us but at the same time we want to emphasis that we are a separate eyewear brand ,
he said .
with these three traits in mind: visualization, sharing and affordability, polaroid went out on a venture to find new product categories that would embody the essence of the brand. “we apply those filters to specific categories of products when we make a decision to enter into an adjacent category and building around our core, ” says hardy. while the company’s core business was instant photography, polaroid has expanded beyond photography; into tablets, televisions and other digital media .
by the 1960s, traditional photography offered color films to the amateur photographer, and thus the next challenge for polaroid was to develop instant color film. the project required a tremendous series of chemical breakthroughs, which were accomplished over a span of 15 years. polaroid scientists had to perfect each component of their version of color photographic film—inventing new dyes, negative films, positive sheets, and developers—and give precise timing to the series of chemical reactions involved in taking and developing a photograph .
further embodiments provide a method of filtering light in eyewear for color vision enhancement, color vision deficiency compensation, or attenuation of harmful light rays including polarizing input light to form polarized light, rotating the polarization of the polarized light to form rotated light, and analyzing the rotated light. the rotation of light is determined in accordance with one or both of predetermined lighting conditions of an environment and a person' s vision .
polarisers, i. e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e. g. polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e. g. multilayer stacks
“every lcd flat - screen television has a polarizer on it. it’s a core component of the technology that allows you to view the picture on a flat - screen tv, ” says hardy. fulfilling the visualization component of the polaroid brand as well as the concept of sharing and affordability (by making the televisions at a price point that would appeal to the masses), flat - screen televisions hit on all of the brand attributes polaroid identified, making this product category a natural fit .
the crowning chapter of the polaroid system was the development of the sx - 70 camera and film. the project represented ultimate simplicity and reward for photographers—all they had to do was press the camera button and watch as the image developed before their eyes .
fig. 3 illustrates transmission spectrum that shows both notching and green suppression in eyewear filter with a design similar to that of fig. 2, which may be used to compensate for color vision deficiency. in fig. 3, the green passband is fairly flat, but the peak transmission is selected to be 50% . arbitrary suppression of a particular primary is achieved by designing a stack that projects prescribed amplitude onto the analyzing polarizer transmission axis .
in 1937, land - wheelwright became a public company named polaroid corporation after the trade name for the firm’s polarizing films. while land’s dream of anti - glare vehicle systems was never implemented by automakers, the company was making a good business on polarizing films .
polaroid’s incredible resurgence and growth is a result of staying true to the company’s heritage when embracing new technology. “you’ve got to figure out where your brand translates to, what adjacent categories fit and leverage it accordingly by finding the right partners, ” says hardy .
land worked closely with arts professionals throughout his career. he hired several art historians to work for the company, believing that the team’s aesthetic abilities were equal in importance to their scientific knowledge. land also challenged his staff to build films and cameras to the exacting demands of professional artists—ansel adams (1902–1984), the legendary landscape photographer, and marie cosindas (1925–), a noted color still life and portrait photographer, consulted on the development of new polaroid films. under land’s leadership, polaroid successfully bridged ideals in both scientific research and the arts .
the development of the sx - 70 and its film required a complete reformulation of the polaroid system. above all, the film was integral, meaning that the negative, positive, and developers were all contained within a film unit and would remain there after developing. to accomplish this, the positive layers had to be transparent to allow light to penetrate them and expose the negative, below. polaroid’s solution was to develop a chemical opacifier—a chemical screen that was clear when undeveloped but opaque immediately when ejected from the camera and able to become clear again to reveal the developed image .
there is no brand more synonymous with instant cameras than polaroid. in recent years the company has leveraged its iconic status to stage a comeback as a lifestyle brand – it' s become the camera de jour for many bloggers, its familiar white border - adorned pictures cluttering instagram feeds everywhere .
edwin h. land (1909–1991) was the innovative inventor responsible for conceiving of and perfecting instant photography. known simply as polaroid, the system revolutionized traditional photography by compressing darkroom processes into an integrated film unit and producing a final photograph in the seconds following the click of a camera shutter .
as the vale textile factories are finally cleared and turned into houses, and the buildings at strathleven become indoor football pitches we should ask, is the polaroid factory in ireland still lying empty? no surprises, it isn' t. the irish development agency got a replacement tenant for polaroid. so why are there no replacement tenants in the vale, and why do we persist in saying that the future lies in the service industries? no doubt, the service industries may have a part to play, but so too does manufacturing. problem is, nobody seems to be trying to find out what it is .
update 1: in 2007 the dumbarton based diamond power manufacturing operation moved from their glasgow road premises to the site of the old polaroid camera manufacturing division. while this did not bring any new manufacturing jobs to the area it did consolidate the existing jobs and reinforced diamond power' s commitment to this area .
but in order to license a brand with an incredibly rich history, polaroid had to tread carefully so as not to weaken the brand. before entering into licensing agreements, it went through a process of dissecting the brand’s dna to understand the attributes the brand embodied and how it was perceived by the customer .
by 1962, polaroid had solved several problems, such as brightening the color dyes and preparing factories for commercial production; however image permanence remained an issue. the alkaline developer molecules, necessary for dissolving the dye developers, transferred with the dyes to the positive layer where they would immediately begin to destroy the final image .
at the loch lomond rowing regatta, which they sponsored for many years, polaroid employees pioneered corporate rowing, which involved them having a crash course in learning to row, forming themselves into crews and then racing each other. this idea caught on elsewhere in the uk, and is now an established feature of many regattas .
disclosed embodiments provide an optical filter including an input polarizing element, an output polarizing element, and a retarder stack between the input polarizing element and the output polarizing element. the input polarizing element, the output polarizing element, and the retarder stack, filter at least one inter - primary band of light. alternatively, at least two inter - primary bands of light are filtered and the input polarizing element, the output polarizing element, and the retarder stack, filter light so as to maintain a color neutral appearance. the eyewear may be a pair of sunglasses or a visor .
in addition to leading polaroid research for military projects, land also served as a consultant to the national research defense committee, a body that emerged at the onset of wwii to direct non - governmental scientific research for war purposes. in time, land would continue his government service, working on cold war technologies and advising presidents on scientific matters .
as wwii drew to a close and the company neared the end of its military service, land faced a new challenge: what would polaroid do after the war? now leading a much larger company with more employees and greater research expertise than a few years earlier, land was determined to put his company and its people to work during peacetime .
“analog photography is unique and special” says hardy. products like the z2300, bridge the gap between analog instant photography and digital photography, allowing the user to instantly print the photograph as well as save the image as a digital file to post on social media or save to a computer. these products have allowed polaroid to stay relevant in today’s marketplace .
the push has been crafted to help celebrate the brand' s 80th birthday – which it shares with polaroid. krister karjalainen, safilo' s global, creative and digital media director explained that it decided to tap wa range of influencers big and small, saying they were selected for their affinity with the brand and ability to engage with their audience rather than reach .
years later, he recalled, “within an hour, the camera, the film, and the physical chemistry became so clear” that he immediately set off to speak with his patent attorney. polaroid’s work with crystals, dyes, and polymers in the development of polarized products provided the company the expertise it needed to begin working on the project before the war was over .
in 1940, as the united states anticipated its entry into world war ii, land proposed a new task for the young company—to focus its scientific research and manufacturing on technologies that would help to win the impending war. the u. s. entered the war in december of the following year, and polaroid became one of many companies to contribute to the wartime effort .
one exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides an optical filter for eyewear with a laminated polarizing filter having a spectral transmission that enhances color vision via polarization interference. for example, single or double - notch filters block inter - primary light (580 nm yellow and / or 500 nm cyan) to maintain a color neutral appearance (e. g. , white objects appear white) while enhancing the saturation of colored objects. this selective filtration reduces the overall transmission while maintaining a neutral appearance. additionally, glare may be filtered by vertically aligning the initial polarizer. thus, this exemplary embodiment acts just like common sunglasses while enhancing the appearance and contrast of colored objects .
my first camera was a polaroid. like many in my generation, i vividly recall the excitement of waiting for a colorful image to crystalize on the black square film that flew out of the camera. the instant gratification was far superior to the three - to - five - day wait time i had to endure when taking a roll of film to the photo shop to be developed .
the polarized sunglasses used by fishermen have polarized filters with the transmission axis oriented vertically to block the light reflected by the water surface. note that if the fisherman moves his head up or down (nodding) the line joining the temples remains horizontal and the sunglasses continue to block the glare (of course, if he leans his head to one side the filters start to point in the wrong direction). by the way, they are not only used by fishermen but in all other water - sports. they are also becoming popular with truck drivers and for general outdoor activities. the last five years have seen a jump in their sales and are the fastest growing segment in eyewear .
land founded the rowland institute for science (now the rowland institute at harvard) to continue his research, primarily on a theory of color vision perception he proposed known as the retinex theory. he retired from polaroid in 1982, 50 years after founding its predecessor company. over the course of his career, land earned 535 patents. he died on march 1, 1991, in cambridge, massachusetts .
until this point, polaroid films required a step that interfered with land’s vision of absolute one - step photography: after being ejected from the camera, the user had to peel back the negative sheet to reveal the final photograph. some early films required additional steps by the user, such as swabbing the developed image with a coating to stabilize it or adhering the image to a hard backing to prevent curling .
another exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides wavelength selective polarizing filters in eyewear for eye protection that enhances performance and comfort in applications with more defined input parameters. such applications include laser laboratory goggles, laser blocking visors or canopies for helmet and others. other environments and uses are also possible. to provide such eye protection that enhances performance and comfort, an initial spectral profile and a desired spectral profile for eyes are determined. then, an appropriate filter can be designed to compensate for the difference between the initial spectral profile and the desired spectral profile. an exemplary method of generating desired filtering spectrum can be found in u. s. patent application ser. no. 09 / 754, 091 which is hereby incorporated by reference herein .
it clutched at that straw after the event, by which time its fate was sealed. by the late 1990' s, polaroid was in deep trouble. demand for instant cameras and their films was in free fall, with only industrial film putting up some resistance for a short time. major lay - offs were taking place regularly at strathleven, and each time the severance package was noticeably less generous than the last .
not only did polaroid chemists test thousands of new molecules to give adequate colors to their new film, they also orchestrated the series of chemical reactions taking place within the film unit. each color followed a separate path of development from its negative layer to the positive photographic print. timing of these molecular movements was crucial for proper color formation. land maintained his goals of 60 - second development with shelf - and temperature - stability and permanence .
the work force grew throughout the late 1960' s, the 1970' s and 1980' s to a peak of about 2, 000. sister plants were opened in enschede in holland and in ireland, to which strathleven employees were periodically seconded. as the hectic period of growth levelled out, and strathleven became a more mature plant, rob mclean went off to head - up polaroid' s entry into the potentially huge chinese market .
a true (non - sepia) black and white version followed in 1950. meroë morse (1924–1969), an art history major from smith college, worked closely with land to oversee the development of this version of polaroid films. moving to black and white involved a separate set of challenges, primarily in stabilizing the developed image. these films required the additional step of manually swabbing the developed image with a polymer coating to prevent darkening of the photograph .
in fewer than five years, polaroid had invented and mastered all of the necessary new technologies to demonstrate land’s instant photography system. land made the first public demonstration of instant photography on february 21, 1947, during a meeting of the optical society of america in new york city. newspapers covering the event called the invention “revolutionary. ” the following year was dominated by resolving challenges the company faced in bringing the system from the laboratory to commercial - scale manufacturing .
edwin herbert land was born in connecticut on may 7, 1909. beginning in his teenage years, land was fascinated by science, taking a particular interest in the properties of light. his interests led him to study physics at harvard university, conduct independent research, and eventually to found his own company, land - wheelwright laboratories, in 1932. reorganized as polaroid corporation in 1937, land served as its president, chairman, and director of research for several decades .
none of that helped anyone at strathleven of course. by the early 2000' s, numbers were down to about 750 and voluntary redundancies had been replaced by compulsory redundancies on meagre packages. in 2006, current employment levels at strathleven were down to about 350, and that figure included staff at a multi - lingual call centre that were moved down from glasgow a few years ago. in 2005 flextronics of the us acquired polaroid' s manufacturing operations, so strathleven' s fate lies with them .
the first polaroid camera, called the model 95, and its associated film went on sale in 1948 at a department store in boston. the cameras sold out in minutes. the model 95 produced only sepia - toned images, and after the film emerged from the camera, photographers had to wait exactly 60 seconds before peeling off the negative backing of the image. although it required precise operation by photographers and did not exceed the quality of traditional films, customers loved the system’s promise of nearly instant results .
the first task was quickly completed, and woodward then developed a plan for synthesizing quinine. land was convinced of the importance of the project and the merits of woodward’s proposal. with the help of polaroid and harvard, woodward and his colleague william von eggers doering (1917–2011) successfully synthesized quinine in 1944. although it did not lead to a practical method of production, the synthesis was a milestone in the field of organic chemistry and was among the achievements that earned woodward the nobel prize in chemistry in 1965 .
the unions have traditionally carried the can for the closure of strathleven, and in the sense that they allowed themselves to be put in the position where they could be blamed; they deserve to carry the can. unfortunately, they also created an impression that the vale was a difficult place in which to do business, which was quoted for years by potential employers as a reason for not coming to the vale. it was so strong a perception that it even resisted the reality of the overwhelming success of polaroid in the vale .
polaroid corporation' s first major hiccup was in 1977 when it introduced polavision, an instant movie camera and its japanese camera rivals were announcing film systems, on virtually the same day as the videocassette movie camera. the cassette based systems used renewable cassettes with a tried and proven recording system. they were cheaper and produced better quality pictures. they won hands down. polavision never left the starting blocks. all of the manufactured stock of both films and cameras were sold as one job lot, and that was that for the product .
more complex than either sepia or black and white photography, color photography used three separate negative layers to record colors. the infinite number of color nuances captured by the human eye can be reproduced by appropriate intensities of three colors—red, green, and blue. they are developed in a photograph using the complementary dyes cyan, magenta, and yellow. starting in the late 1940s, land and his team worked with traditional methods for producing color photographs, but they quickly learned to adapt to the thin confines and short timeframes required of polaroid color photography .
from 1943 through 1946, the instant camera was kept secret at polaroid’s laboratories as multiple challenges were resolved. the entire process required suitable color intensity and sharpness. the film unit had to be shelf - stable from the time it left the factory to when consumers clicked their camera buttons, and it had to work at a wide variety of temperatures, from desert heat to winter cold. finally, after development, the unit had to stop all the reactions to create long - lasting photographs. each problem was solved with precise control of the film’s chemistry .
every guest visiting the urltoken will have the opportunity to register and create a personal gallery, selecting and downloading their favorite pieces from the 300 unique pieces of safilo’s permanent collection on display. this includes glasses that belonged to elvis presley, madonna and elton john, ancient and contemporary artworks—all classified by genre (ancient, modern, active, celebrities, lifestyle, art, science), historical period (from the 17th to the 21st century), brand (safilo, polaroid, carrera, smith) —that can be shared on social networks, tagging friends and involving them in the discovery .
a hit during the 1980s – a decade characterized by a pop aesthetic and flashy colors – cosmetic lenses are now back with a bang! and, with it, comes the latest sunglass trend: glasses with lively sorbet - colored lenses. lightweight metal frames and polarized cosmetic lenses in pastel hues define the season’s coolest styles. these models come with an array of semi - transparent polarized lenses in pastel hues of yellow, pink, green and blue. all polaroid sunglasses come with ultrasight™ lenses, for a perfect, distortion - free vision, enhanced contrast, and reduction of eye fatigue. show less
around this time, land played an important role in the synthesis of quinine, the most effective antimalarial medicine then known. quinine was produced from cinchona, a tropical plant grown primarily in indonesia. like other strategic materials that were produced abroad, the u. s. sought methods to synthesize quinine domestically. in 1942, land hired robert burns woodward (1917–1979) of harvard university as a polaroid consultant to find an alternative to the use of quinine in the production of polarizers (quinine - based crystals were used to manufacture polarizers at the time) and also to explore alternative methods for producing quinine .
congratulations to guy satat of the massachusetts institute of technology, $ 15, 000 graduate winner for developing imaging solutions for seeing through obstructions using time - resolved imaging and compressive imaging .
developed a polymer additive that can be mixed with pesticides and other agricultural sprays to help them adhere to plants more effectively .
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a site had been earmarked at strathleven from early on, with a target availability date of 1947. the aim was to create 2, 000 jobs by 1956. strathleven industrial estate opened early - in december 1946, an early christmas present for many of the people who were first to be employed there. by 1956 there were over 2, 700 people employed there and about 4, 000 at its peaks. it was rightly seen as an early great success .
burroughs adding machines ltd of detroit michigan was the first company to occupy a factory at strathleven. burroughs had been founded in 1886 by william burroughs, who had invented an adding machine - he famously said that he thought that the total market for adding machines in the usa was 3, 000. he was also the grandfather of the author william burroughs, who became a member of the beat generation of writers and produced works such as the naked lunch, which are definitely not a suitable birthday present for a maiden aunt. he claimed that his inherited wealth from burroughs funded his writing - a claim that upset the top management of burroughs in the 1960' s .
although burroughs had had a sales and service presence in the uk from the 1920' s, they had never manufactured outside the us before. similarly, the vale had never had an american company manufacturing here. opening the factory was, therefore, a new experience for both workers, and the management team which burroughs sent across from detroit .
one of the first innovations was that a number of new vale managers were sent to detroit for induction and training. they sailed on one of the queens to new york, and travelled the 600 miles from new york to detroit by train. this made a great impression in the vale - transatlantic business travel by valemen was most definitely new. until then travel to the states was one way - you emigrated, to be seen again, if at all, only years later when you had made enough money to come home on holiday .
burroughs made a whole range of mechanical and then electro - mechanical adding machines and cash registers at strathleven, in a classic light engineering environment. a typical adding machine had well over 1, 000 different parts, most of which were made and then assembled at strathleven. it called not only for a wide range of engineering skills, which were a male preserve, but also assembly skills, which were a female preserve. the employee mix was about 50 - 50 for most of burroughs time at strathleven .
in the 1950' s, burroughs management back in the states correctly forecast the rise of the computer, which was bound to have a major impact in the office and banking equipment market, which were burroughs main markets. in the late 1950' s burroughs acquired what was probably the smartest of the early computer manufacturers in the us, and from then on, top management' s sales and marketing focus was increasingly on computers. this had no immediate impact on the manufacturing operations at strathleven, but from that point on, they were of steadily lesser importance to burroughs .
in the short term, strathleven continued to grow. in the early 1950' s it had about 1, 400 workers, which grew to well over 2, 000 by the early 1960' s. by the mid 1960' s, however, demand for electro - mechanical devices of the type made at strathleven were on the decline. the rise of the mainframe computer, which did away with comptometer departments and automated most financial calculations throughout companies, was one factor .
the other was the emergence of the cheap electronic calculator from japan. between the two of them, there was no long - term future for the products made at strathleven. burroughs was well aware of this, but impending decimalisation in the uk on 15th december 1971 created a short - term rise in demand for new, “decimalised” adding machines and cash registers. immediately after decimalisation, demand, and therefore strathleven' s output, plummeted.
polaroid eyewear manufactures polarized sunglasses and polarized lenses , as well as optical frames , reading glasses , and clip-on lenses . the company also sells eyewear under the polaroid polarized sunglasses , polaroid eyewear , disney , revlon , hello kitty , and sunmate brand names . polaroid eyewear was a part of the stylemark group and sold to the safilo group in november 2011 . they have offices in the united kingdom , switzerland , italy , sweden , the netherlands , russia , hong kong , and the united states . 
polaroid eyewear manufactures polarized sunglasses and polarized lenses, as well as optical frames, reading glasses, and clip-on lenses. the company also sells eyewear under the polaroid polarized sunglasses, polaroid eyewear, disney, revlon, hello kitty, and sunmate brand names. polaroid eyewear was a part of the stylemark group and sold to the safilo group in november 2011. they have offices in the united kingdom, switzerland, italy, sweden, the netherlands, russia, hong kong, and the united states.
polaroid eyewear manufactures polarized sunglasses and polarized lenses, as well as optical frames, reading glasses, and clip-on lenses. the company also sells eyewear under the polaroid polarized sunglasses, polaroid eyewear, disney, revlon, hello kitty, and sunmate brand names. polaroid eyewear was a part of the stylemark group and sold to the safilo group in november 2011. they have offices in the united kingdom, switzerland, italy, sweden, the netherlands, russia, hong kong, and the united states.