zero cot
the house of representatives has mandated the central bank to immediately ensure full implementation of zero cot by commercial banks .
), the resolution of cot analysis (and subsequently cot - based cloning) could be increased .
banks’ revenues will drop by about n100 bilion this year, with the implementation of the zero commission on transactions (cot) policy .
banks’ revenues will drop by about n100 billion this year, with the implementation of the zero commission on transactions (cot) policy .
the lawmakers further told his colleagues that the cbn zero cot policy, which according to him, is in tandem with international best practices, is not being implemented by commercial banks because the apex bank has not issued any formal circular directing implementation of the zero cot .
nigerian banks may lose up to n100 billion in revenue following the introduction of the zero commission on transactions (cot) policy in 2016 .
access bank has a gold current account with zero cot, have been running it for more than a year and have not had any regrets .
house of representatives which urged compliance within 30 days, further tasked the financial regulator to ensure full implementation of the zero cot by commercial banks .
“a number of banks have been using cot to drive patronage. what the banks will lose through implementing the zero cot, they will always find a way of getting it elsewhere, ’’ ekundayo said .
by odunewu segun commercial banks in the country are said to be bracing up for the effect of the full implementation of the zero cot ...
it was gathered that the order is a consequence of the alleged failure of banks to comply with the cbn’s directive on zero cot. apparently dismayed by the development, the house, which urged compliance within 30 days, further directed the cbn to ensure full implementation of the zero cot by commercial banks .
some banks had continued to charge above the n1 per n1, 000 turnover that was effective from january this year, while some others already have accounts with zero cot. revenue from cot will now be shut down from january 2016 .
in all cot analyses, a certain fraction of the dna forms duplexes even at cot values approaching zero. such early renaturation is thought to be due to base pairing between complementary sequences on the same dna molecule (i. e. ,
the cbn had last year revealed plans to start a gradual phasing out of cot in the country in the revised guideline which introduced a gradual reduction of cot from n5 per mille in early 2013 to n3 per mille, n2 per mille in 2014, n1 per mile in 2015 and zero cot in 2016 .
he acknowledged that zero cot would exert some pressure on dmbs at the level of implementation, but stated that the money banks knew how to make it up from other sources .
deposit money banks (dmbs) operating in the country are to face revenue challenges as central bank of nigeria begins zero commission on turnover (cot) as from january 2016 .
the “guide to bank charges” implementation, which started in march 2013, has seen the cot gradually drop to n3 per mille in 2013; n2 per mille in 2014; and n1 per mille in 2015 to zero cot per mille started on january 1 .
recall that the “guide to bank charges” implementation started in march 2013 and the cot gradually dropped to n3 per mille in 2013; n2 per mille in 2014; and n1 per mille in 2015 to zero cot per mille started on january 1, 2016 .
it finally dropped from n1 per n1, 000 in 2015 to zero cost on jan. 1, 2016 .
according to him, available records show that more than 60 per cent of the money in the economy is outside the banking network, a development which can be addressed by the zero cot policy .
there is uneasy calm in nigeria' s banking industry as the implementation of the zero commission on transactions (cot) policy by the central bank of nigeria (cbn) will commence this year .
he said the zero cot policy, which is meant to alleviate the suffering of citizens, boost the economy by encouraging transactions through the banks, is not being implemented to the detriment of the economy .
mr. awolowo said the zero oil plan proposes quantum increments to production outputs for 11 products cutting across solid ...
according nigerian newsdirect investigation, some financial institutions in the country have failed to abide with the cot instruction issued by cbn guide on bank charges issued last year. some dmbs are still charging n3 per mille, while some others have begun the phase two of the road to zero cot .
the central bank of nigeria (cbn) has indirectly reintroduced commission on turnover (cot) fee as current account maintenance (cam) fee. recall that the cbn in 2013 commenced phased reduction of cot which terminated with zero cot charge this year. but in a circular to banks last week signed by director, financial policy & regulation department, mr. kevin amugo, the cbn replaced the cot with cat but subject to maximum of n1 per n1000 (mille) .
lagos – a former president of chartered institute of bankers of nigeria (cibn), mr femi ekundayo, has lauded the central bank of nigeria (cbn) for the zero commission on turnover (cot) policy .
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. the sections of the cot curve used for cloning (i. e. , roughly the two cot decade regions flanking the cot½ value of each component) are shown in figure
leading debate on the motion, pwajok, quoting from the “guide to bank charges”, said “cot was reduced to n3 per n1, 000 in 2013, n2 per n1, 000 in 2014 and n1 per n1, 000 in 2015 while it will be phased out in 2016. ” the lawmaker told the house that the zero cot policy, which is meant to alleviate the suffering of citizens and boost the economy by encouraging transactions through the banks, is not being implemented to the detriment of the economy. he further told his colleagues that the cbn zero cot policy which, according to him, is in tandem with international best practices, is not being implemented by commercial banks allegedly because the cbn has not issued any formal circular directing implementation of the zero cot .
we propose “cot - based cloning and sequencing” (cbcs) as a means to capture the sequence complexity of a genome in a manner independent of methylation. in cbcs, isolated kinetic components are cloned to produce cot libraries, and clones from each library are sequenced using high - throughput methods. to obtain comparable sequence complexity coverage for different cot components, cot clones from each cot library are sequenced in proportion to the kinetic complexity of the component from which they were derived .
). regardless, to construct a cot library that is truly representative of a particular cot component, one should use a host strain with a genotype that is insensitive to dna methylation patterns .
the sorghum cot curve consists of a fast, an intermediate, and a slow reassociating component. the complete cot curve, renaturation profiles of the three cot components, and the reassociation rate (k), cot½ value, kinetic complexity, and genome fraction of each component are presented in figure
goldberg rb. from cot curves to genomics. how gene cloning established new concepts in plant biology .
with the advent of molecular cloning techniques, most genome researchers abandoned cot analysis. however, the principles of nucleic acid hybridization developed through cot research form the basis of many molecular biology techniques, and information generated in cot studies remains central to current knowledge of genome structure (for review, see goldberg 2001) .
overview of the steps involved in cloning hr, mr, and sl cot components. dna was denatured by heating samples in boiling water for 5–10 min. for samples in a particular sodium phosphate buffer (spb), renaturation was allowed to occur at the criterion (tm − 25°c) unless noted otherwise (see britten et al. 1974 for details). single - stranded dna (ssdna) and double - stranded (dsdna) were separated using hydroxyapatite (hap) chromatography. to attain the equivalent of a specific cot value when starting with an isolated cot fraction, the desired cot value should be multiplied by the fraction of the genome remaining single - stranded at the cot value of the starting material (see hood et al. 1975). this principle was employed once in the isolation of the mr component (*) and once in the sl component isolation (†): * from the cot curve, 0. 67 of the genome is single - stranded at a cot of 0. 94161. to achieve renaturation equivalent to cot 67. 8 with whole genomic dna, the cot > 0. 94161 dna was renatured to a cot of (67. 8 × 0. 67 =) 45. 4. † from the cot curve, 0. 28 of the genome is single - stranded at a cot of 94. 161. to achieve renaturation equivalent to cot 10, 000 with whole genomic dna, the cot > 94. 161 dna was renatured to a cot of (10, 000 × 0. 28 =) 2800 .
the circular was titled, “introduction of negotiable current account maintenaince fee not exceeding n1 / mille. it stated, “the revised guide to bank charges (rgbc) which came into effect on april 1, 2013 provides for a phased elimination of cot charges in the nigerian banking industry. under the guidelines, a zero cot regime was to come into effect from january 2016 .
by using renaturation kinetics to further purify / characterize isolated cot components into subcomponents (i. e. ,
in our research, only double - stranded dna resulting from reassociation was used in preparing cot libraries. however, hap - fractionated single - stranded dna can be used in cot - based cloning as well. in this regard, we have taken single - stranded cot dna, generated complementary strands via the random primer method (
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investors taking part in the afrinvest equity fund initial public offer (ipo) are to get zero percent cost on transaction (cot). godwin obaseki, chief executive officer / managing director (ceo / md) of afrinvest west africa (afrinvest) made this confirmation to proshare ni today in
it mandated banks that charged excess cot since the effective date to refund same to the affected customers or be sanctioned .
c cot clones categorized as “retroelements, ” “mites, ” and “other dispersed repeats” collectively constitute “dispersed repeat sequences. ”
). however, chloroplast sequences were detected in less than one percent of the slcot clones and none of the hrcot clones. while chloroplast dna was not a desired end product of cot library construction, the observation that chloroplast sequences are almost exclusively limited to mrcot clones neatly illustrates the “two cot decade” principle used in the isolation of individual cot components; that is, 80% of the copies of a given dna sequence are contained within a span of two cot decades (fig .
the circular mandated banks that charged excess cot since the effective date to refund same to the affected customers or be sanctioned .
banks will have to increase efforts to remain profitable and lend more to viable sectors of the economy. this follows the implementation of the treasury single account (tsa) which has taken government funds out of the banks and the implementation of the zero commission on turnover (cot) which will take effect from january 2016 .
the financial expert explained that cot was perceived in the banking industry as a source of income to deposit money banks (dmbs) .
the bank will deduct cot and can also withdraw foreign transfer charges. however, the beneficiaries bank may also deduct inward transfer charges .
foldback sequences could be cloned to produce a “foldback cot” (fbcot) library. although most foldback dna is probably repetitive in nature (
the possibility of affordably automating (and thus standardizing) many of the cot analysis / hap fractionation procedures is well within modern capabilities .
although some banks had stopped charging cot, some others still charge and in some cases above the stipulated n1 per mille which it was last year. also for some banks, the amount charged as cot depends on the customers’ relationship and ability to haggle with the bank .
classification of cot clones based on sequence analysis. for comparative purposes, each of the sequenced cot clones meeting the minimum sequence quality requirements (see methods section) was assigned to a single descriptive “blast category” based upon its significant database hits according to the classification scheme shown .
it has directed banks that charged excess cot since the effective date to refund same to the affected customers or be sanctioned. (nan )
). additionally, the observed percentage (17 %) of random sorghum bac end sequences recognizing one or more of the 1161 sorghum cot clone sequences was found to be statistically indistinguishable from the percentage expected if the cot libraries are representative of their respective cot components (15 %). because the methods employed do not rely upon differential expression and / or methylation of sequences, cot - based cloning provides a means by which any genomic sequence (including genes expressed at low levels or during short developmental timeframes) can be isolated and cloned based upon its relative iteration .
m•sec) and consequently was not included in the curve. no detectable reassociation was observed until a cot value of about 0. 02 m•sec .
est / cdna and genomic libraries could be screened with isolated cot fractions to identify populations of clones containing probable unique and / or repetitive sequences .
the apex bank is also to see that the banks, within the next thirty days, refund all cot charges so far deducted this year .
four percent of the sorghum dna did not reassociate by the highest cot value (20, 000 m•sec). dna that does not reassociate by such a high cot value is thought to be damaged and incapable of binding to hap (e. g. , kiper and herzfeld 1978) .
the cot clone sequences also were compared to 116 sorghum bac end sequences (h. ma, j. bowers, and a. paterson, unpubl .). none of the bac ends showed significant homology to slcot clones. however, 12 bac ends possessed significant homology to hrcot clones, six recognized mrcot clones, and two recognized both hrcot and mrcot clones. in total, 20 of the 116 bac ends (17 %) exhibited significant homology to at least one of the 1161 sorghum cot clone sequences. assuming that the cot libraries are representative of the sequence complexities of the components from which they were prepared, a 15% probability that any randomly selected sorghum genomic sequence will share significant sequence identity with one or more of the 1161 quality cot clones (see the section probability of significant bac end / cot clone homology in the online supplement) would be predicted. the observed percentage of bac ends with homology to the cot clones (17 %) and predicted percentage (15 %) are not significantly different (see test of significance of a binomial proportion in the online supplement), suggesting that the cot libraries are reflective of their respective cot components .
beginning from january 2016, banks are no longer expected to charge commission on turnover (cot), following a gradual phase that started in 2013 .
while noting that dmbs were expected to operate optimally and attract income, he said that many of them were leveraging the cot to“ drive patronage. ’’
don' t mind them, none of them is cot free. wait till next year as stated by cbn and you would get it free .
categories have been further divided into “subcategories. ” for each cot library, the number (#) and percentage (%) of clones in a
bacs. this basic principle will likely be used to physically map other repeat sequences. cot clone insert sequences with homology to characterized plant genes (see table
while the goals of the present study were to investigate the feasibility / usefulness of cloning isolated cot components and further characterize the sorghum genome, cot clones could be employed in other ways. additionally, many of the experimental parameters utilized in this project could be altered to meet different research needs. for example :
the cbn had in 2013 released the guidelines which gradually phased out cot in the country. according to the guideline, cot was reduced to n3 per n1, 000 in 2013, n2 per n1, 000 in 2014 and n1 per n1, 000 this year, to be finally phased out by next year .
he said that before now, cot varied from one bank to the other, but pointed out that cbn’s financial inclusion policy was geared towards international best practice .
ãƒæ’ã†â€™ãƒâ€ ã¢â‚¬â„¢ãƒæ’ã¢â‚¬å¡ãƒâ€šã‚â¢ãƒæ’ã†â€™ãƒâ€šã‚â¢ãƒæ’ã‚â¢ãƒâ¢ã¢â‚¬å¡ã‚â¬ãƒâ€¦ã‚â¡ãƒæ’ã¢â‚¬å¡ãƒâ€šã‚â¬ãƒæ’ã†â€™ãƒâ¢ã¢â€šâ¬ã‚â¦ãƒæ’ã‚â¢ãƒâ¢ã¢â‚¬å¡ã‚â¬ãƒâ€¦ã¢â‚¬å“when we invest these funds, there would be no cot paid on any transaction we made; which was supposed to charged the investorsãƒæ’ã†â€™ãƒâ€ ã¢â‚¬â„¢ãƒæ’ã¢â‚¬å¡ãƒâ€šã‚â¢ãƒæ’ã†â€™ãƒâ€šã‚â¢ãƒæ’ã‚â¢ãƒâ¢ã¢â‚¬å¡ã‚â¬ãƒâ€¦ã‚â¡ãƒæ’ã¢â‚¬å¡ãƒâ€šã‚â¬ãƒæ’ã†â€™ãƒâ¢ã¢â€šâ¬ã…â¡ãƒæ’ã¢â‚¬å¡ãƒâ€šã‚â he said .
the three cot libraries differ in relative sequence iteration and composition in a manner reflecting the nature of the components from which they were derived; that is, construction of repetition - based dna libraries using cot techniques is effective. when southern blots of sorghum genomic dna were probed with randomly selected, radiolabeled cot clone inserts, those blots hybridized with hrcot sequences exhibited a mean labeling intensity (cpm) > 10 times that of mrcot - probed blots and > 30 times that of slcot - probed blots. detailed sequence analysis of 250–500 cot clone inserts from each of the three cot libraries revealed that the hrcot library is rich in sequences traditionally found in high - copy numbers (e. g. , retrotransposons, rdna, centromeric repeats), the slcot library is enriched in sequences with homology to characterized genes and
our results suggest that cloning of isolated kinetic components is a useful and powerful means to clone genomic sequences based upon their relative iteration and to efficiently discover new dna sequences in a manner independent of expression and / or methylation patterns. the combination of cot - based cloning and high - throughput sequencing of cot libraries [ cot - based cloning and sequencing (cbcs) ] represents a means by which the sequence complexity of large genomes can be “captured” at a fraction of the cost of shotgun sequencing .
according to a former executive director of keystone bank, richard obire, of the annual n550 billion average revenue for the 21 banks, about n100 billion come from cot .
cot clone sequences were compared to roughly 1500 molecular markers (see the section molecular markers in the online supplement for genbank accession numbers) on the sorghum molecular genetic map using standard blast (blastn) procedures (altschul et al. 1997). the chromosomal positions of cot clones containing sequences with high sequence similarity to molecular genetic markers (s' ≥76. 28) are shown in table c of the online supplement. bac end sequences (n = 116) obtained from h. - m. ma were blast ed against the genbank dbgss database (which contains the sorghum cot clone sequences). significant hits to cot clones (s' ≥76. 28) were noted .
central bank of nigeria (cbn) has been mandated to order deposit money banks to refund all commission on turnover (cot) charges this year or face severe penalties .
for example, some banks offer accounts that are supposedly cot - free, but impose a maintenance or similar fee, (which is) not covered by the guide .
a former executive director of keystone bank, richard obire, explained that of the annual n550 billion average revenue for the 21 banks, about n100 billion is raked from cot .
specifically, the central bank said some banks had been overcharging customers on the commission on turnover while some lenders had also imposed illegal maintenance fees on the cot - free accounts .
“in furtherance of the mandate to promote and safeguard a sound financial system in nigeria, banks are by this circular reminded that the 2016 zero cot regime as jointly agreed during the 311th bankers committee meeting of february 12, 2013 has come into effect. in the interest of stability of the banking system, a negotiable current account maintenance fee not exceeding n1 per mille may be charged in respect of all customer induced debit transactions. please ensure strict compliance” .
the “guide to bank charges” implementation, which started in march 2013, has seen the cot drop to n3 per n1, 000 in 2013 and n2 per n2, 000 in 2014 .
hrcot, mrcot, and slcot libraries were generated from isolated cot components (see methods for details on component isolation and cloning). the relative iteration of the insert dna in the three cot libraries was examined by comparing the intensity with which cot clone probes hybridized to replica southern blots of sorghum genomic dna. the average intensity of hybridization to blots incubated with radiolabeled hrcot sequences was 43, 067 cpm (± 6248) while the average values for the mrcot and slcot blots were 3783 cpm (± 1419) and 1377 cpm (± 253), respectively .
when a solution of denatured genomic dna is placed in an environment conducive to renaturation, the rate at which a particular sequence reassociates is proportional to the number of times it is found in the genome. this principle forms the basis of dna renaturation kinetics (also called cot analysis), a technique by which the redundant nature of eukaryotic genomes was first demonstrated (britten and kohne 1968; see fig. a in the online supplement to this article for a review of cot analysis, urltoken). in a typical renaturation kinetics study, samples of sheared genomic dna are heat - denatured and allowed to reassociate to different cot values [ cot value = the product of nucleotide concentration in moles per liter (c 0 or co), reassociation time in seconds (t), and, if applicable, a factor based upon the cation concentration of the buffer; for review, see britten et al. 1974 ]. for each sample, renatured dna is separated from single - stranded dna using hydroxyapatite (hap) chromatography, and the percentage of the sample that has not reassociated (% ssdna) is determined. the logarithm of a sample' s cot value is plotted against its corresponding% ssdna to yield a cot point, and a graph of cot points ranging from little or no reassociation until reassociation approaches completion is called a cot curve (peterson et al. 1998). mathematical analysis of a cot curve permits estimation of genome size, the proportion of the genome contained in the single - copy and repetitive dna components, and the kinetic complexity of each component. interspecific comparison of cot data has provided considerable insight into the structure and evolution of eukaryotic genomes (e. g. , britten and kohne 1968; davidson et al. 1975; goldberg et al. 1975; galau et al. 1976; hake and walbot 1980; geever et al. 1989) .
nan reports that cot is a charge levied on customers’ withdrawals by their banks. before now, most banks charged n1 for every n1, 000 withdrawn from by a customer from his account .
what about a situation where a costumer o a bank instruct the bank to make some transfer to another person not base in the country where the bank is found. will the widrawer pay cot ?
sequence composition of different cot libraries. black bars represent hrcot clones, white bars represent mrcot clones, and diagonally striped bars represent slcot clones. the blast group “dispersed repeat sequences” is composed of the
of the 1161 cot clone sequences used in sequence analysis, only one clone showed a significant primary hit to a mitochondrial dna sequence. this clone (slcot4g05) appears to contain a portion of the
giving his opinion on the issue, a former executive director of keystone bank, richard obire, said the annual n550 billion average revenue for the 21 banks, about n100 billion is raked from cot .
). in preparing the sorghum cot libraries, we used the promega pgem - t easy cloning kit and the accompanying host strain jm109. while jm109 lacks functional mcra and mrr restriction systems (it is
banks can be flexible with c. o. t charges depending on the turnover of your account. if your account regularly sees withdrawals of say n100m monthly there is every likelihood the bank can reduce its c. o. t charges to as low as 0. 1% or in some cases zero .
the house of representatives has mandated the central bank of nigeria (cbn) to order deposit money banks (dmbs) to refund all commission on turnover (cot) charges this year or face severe penalties .
. in diploid organisms, the slowest reassociating component of a cot curve generally represents single - copy dna sequences. in such cases, genome size can be estimated by comparing the k value of the slow reassociating component to
according to him, “banks operation this year might be facing huge challenges as cbn policy on general provision on loan exposure from one per cent to two per cent and the policy on cot removal might effect profitability. ”
the circular reminded all banks that the maximum cot for 2014 as contained in the guide jointly agreed between the cbn and the bankers committee (comprising chief executives of all banks, among others) remains n2 per mile .
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). consequently, it is possible that certain methylated (presumably highly repetitive) sequences from sorghum are underrepresented in one or more of the cot libraries due to preferential restriction by the mcrbc system. however, it is likely that the relatively small size of the cot clone inserts (∼100–400 bp) and the relatively large size of mcrbc recognition sites (≥44 bp) substantially decreased possible effects of mcrbc during cloning. the limited effect of the mcrbc genotype on sorghum cot library construction is suggested by the observation that the highest proportion of hrcot clones showing significant hits to the genbank nr database contain sequences that are frequently methylated in plants, that is, retrotransposons (
although renaturation kinetics has long been used to characterize genomes (britten and kohne 1968), to our knowledge the present study is the first report in which cot components isolated from genomic dna have been cloned and sequenced. our results indicate that (1) the cot libraries differ with regard to sequence iteration and composition in a predictable manner, (2) most of the highly repetitive dna in the sorghum genome is found within the sequenced hrcot quality clones, (3) a previously unnamed sorghum retroelement is a major component (and perhaps the most abundant sequence) in both the s. bicolor and s. propinquum genomes, (4) cot clones can be used to augment the information content of both molecular and physical maps, and (5) sequencing of clones from cot libraries may represent a means by which the diversity of sequences found in a genome can be efficiently “captured” .
effective from last week friday, january 1, 2016, nigerian banks are expected to charge nothing as commission on turnover (cot) according to the gradual phase out plan of the central bank of nigeria (cbn) .
dna isolation, preparation, and melting analyses were performed as described (peterson et al. 1997, 1998). cot analysis was performed according to peterson et al. (1998) except that 0. 5 m spb was used to elute double - stranded dna from hap columns rather than 0. 48 m spb. a least squares analysis of the cot data was performed using the computer program of pearson et al. (1977) .
the managing director of apt securities and funds limited, mallam garba kurfi, explained to our correspondent that the cbn policy on cot removal would have negative effect on dmbs revenue which might erode profitability and dividend payout to shareholders .
detected in the cot libraries, 25% were found in the mrcot library (the remaining 75% were in the slcot library). although the hrcot library had the greatest fraction of clones with homology to known repeats (table
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he also said lenders should be creative and think of how to support activities that generate foreign exchange from local industries, adding that apart from the cot - free banking, the lenders will face pressure arising from interest revenues on loans .
it, therefore, directed all banks that have charged customers in excess of the agreed cot since march 27, 2013 “to refund same to the affected customers, not later than 30 days from (june 11, 2014). ”
the cbn noted that the guide was part of efforts to standardise charges for various products and services offered by banks in the country, lamenting a situation where the banks have continued to abuse the portion that says that cot is negotiable .
sorghum cot analysis. (a) complete cot curve, data analysis, and component isolation. a least - squares curve (thick black line) was fitted through the data points (open circles) using the computer program of pearson et al. (1977). the curve consists of highly repetitive (hr), moderately repetitive (mr), and single / low - copy (sl) components characterized by fast, intermediate, and slow reassociation, respectively. for each component, the following values have been placed to the right of the component' s general location: fraction = the proportion of the genome found in that component, kinet. comp. (kinetic complexity) = the length in nucleotide pairs of the longest nonrepeating sequence calculated from the cot data, k = the observed reassociation rate in m −1 •s −1, and cot½ = the value on the abscissa of the complete cot curve at which half the dna in the component has reassociated. black diamonds mark the positions on the complete cot curve of the cot½ values for hr, mr, and sl components. for a cot component, 80% of the sequences in that component will renature in the “two cot decade region” (tcdr) flanking the component' s cot½ value (brackets centered at cot½ markers; britten and davidson 1985). we utilized this principle in isolating hr, mr, and sl cot components for cot library construction. in brief, all double - stranded dna within a component' s tcdr was isolated except for areas that overlap the tcdrs of other components (regions marked by upward vertical dashes, diagonal stripes, and crosshatching delimit areas of the curve used in hrcot, mrcot, and slcot library construction, respectively). note that the area isolated for use in constructing the slcot library extends a short way past the right end of the tcdr for the sl component; this is presumably not a problem as any double - stranded dna in the region to the right of the sl component tcdr is likely to be single - copy. (b) the predicted individual renaturation profiles of the hr component, mr component, and sl component are shown .
sorghum bicolor (l .) moench (breeding line btx623) dna was used for cot analysis, cot library construction, and as a source of dna in blotting experiments. for comparative purposes, southern blots and colony blots containing dna from sorghum propinquum kunth, a noncultivated sorghum species crossed with btx623 to make a detailed genetic map (bowers et al. 2000; a. paterson and j. bowers, in prep .) were probed with btx623 dna probes (see below) .
). based on the cot curve, the mr component constitutes 41% of the genome, but if a tenth of this component is actually chloroplast dna, the percentage of the genome found in the mr component may be closer to 37% .
among the three cot libraries, the slcot library showed the highest percentage of hits to characterized gene sequences and unique ests. no centromeric sequences were detected, and only 6. 2% of the slcot clones fell into any of the repeat sequence categories .
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cot clones were blast ed against approximately 1500 molecular markers (see the section molecular markers in the online supplement to this article, urltoken) from a high - density sorghum molecular map based on rflp segregation in the progeny of a cross between s. bicolor and s. propinquum (chittenden et al. 1994; draye et al. 2001). fourteen cot clones contained inserts with significant homology (s' ≥76. 28) to a total of nine markers on the molecular map (see table c in the online supplement) .
the resolution followed the adoption of a motion brought to the floor yesterday by hon. edward gyang pwajok (pdp - plateau) who noted cbn buildingthat the cbn, in 2013, released the guidelines tagged “guide to bank charges” which gradually phased out cot in nigeria. leading the debate on the motion, pwajok said, according to the guidelines, “cot was reduced to n3 per n1, 000 in 2013, n2 per n1, 000 in 2014 and n1 per n1, 000 in 2015 while it will be phased out in 2016. ”
the resolution followed the members’ adoption of the prayers of a motion introduced on the floor of the house yesterday by edward gyang pwajok (pdp - plateau) who noted that the cbn in 2013 released the guidelines tagged “guide to bank charges” which gradually phased out cot in nigeria .
the revised guideline had introduced a gradual reduction of cot from n5 per mile (per n1000) in early 2013 to n3 per mille or n1000, n2 per n1000 in 2014 and is to be n1 per n1000 in 2015 and finally phased out effective january 1, 2016 .
cot - based sequence discovery represents a powerful means by which both low - copy and repetitive sequences can be selectively and efficiently fractionated, cloned, and characterized. based upon the results of a cot analysis, hydroxyapatite chromatography was used to fractionate sorghum (sorghum bicolor) genomic dna into highly repetitive (hr), moderately repetitive (mr), and single / low - copy (sl) sequence components that were consequently cloned to produce hrcot, mrcot, and slcot genomic libraries. filter hybridization (blotting) and sequence analysis both show that the hrcot library is enriched in sequences traditionally found in high - copy number (e. g. , retroelements, rdna, centromeric repeats), the slcot library is enriched in low - copy sequences (e. g. , genes and “nonrepetitive ests”), and the mrcot library contains sequences of moderate redundancy. the cot analysis suggests that the sorghum genome is approximately 700 mb (in agreement with previous estimates) and that hr, mr, and sl components comprise 15% , 41% , and 24% of sorghum dna, respectively. unlike previously described techniques to sequence the low - copy components of genomes, sequencing of cot components is independent of expression and methylation patterns that vary widely among dna elements, developmental stages, and taxa. high - throughput sequencing of cot clones may be a means of “capturing” the sequence complexity of eukaryotic genomes at unprecedented efficiency .
heritage bank is the best bet for you. all their current account products are cot free... . the only bank in nigeria doing that for now. you can use references from heritage bank or other banks plus they' ve excellent service culture. you will be treated like a king
obire explained that bank’s revenues are made up of interests on loans, which constitute 70 per cent of the total revenue. fees and commission make up the remaining 30 per cent. fees and commission covers 30 per cent of the total revenues. cot constituting 60 per cent of income within the segment .
he explained that bank’s revenues are made up of interests on loans, which constitute 70 per cent of the total revenue, fees and commission make up the remaining 30 per cent, fees and commission covers 30 per cent of the total revenues. cot constituting 60 per cent of income within the segment .
after sequence analysis, one of the s. bicolor / s. propinquum southern blots was probed with radiolabeled insert from a cot clone with substantial sequence identity to retrosor - 6 (hrcot3e04). hybridization conditions were identical to those described above. an autoradiogram of the blot was obtained using standard protocols .
you' ll see a child lying on a cot staring at the ceiling, obviously in terrible need of lovei have heard the staff say in all innocence to me ,
we told the mother don' t bother to come to visit.  the child doesn' t understand anyway.  117
), genbank nr database hits were given priority in the classification scheme with est hits used only to categorize clones without significant nr hits or with nr hits to genomic sequences of unknown character. results of category assignment and a list of characterized gene and repeat sequences recognized by various cot clones are given in table
my family and i had a great week in melbourne at two five zero. it' s a great property and we were really impressed with how well decorated and equipped it was. we' ve done a lot of hotels, villa rentals, home exchanges and air bnb and two five zero has been a great experience. the location was brilliant to soak up melbourne life, tons of cafes, restaurants, shops and pubs all within the neighbourhood and easy parking if you' re driving. we loved being able to walk the local area and even walked into the cbd a couple of times which was a pleasant 45 mins. our highlights have included a great dinner at romulus and remus urltoken and brekkie at touchwood just at the top of the road urltoken for visitors with kids, it' s worth noting that there is an amazing climbing place less than 10 mins walk away urltoken which we all did and had a great time at .
patricia palmer worked as a researcher and project manager on innovating with intelligence, the project that launched the visible thinking approach to developing thinking dispositions. with shari tishman she is the co - developer of artful thinking, a program that integrates arts into the curriculum in order to strengthen student thinking and learning. the program is part of the visible thinking initiative at project zero – a research - based approach to teaching thinking that links an international network of schools and other learning organizations .
obire said banks should be moving towards income diversification to shore up their revenue base. he said lenders should be creative and think of how to diversify to support activities that generate foreign exchange from local industries. he said aside the cot - free banking, the lenders will face pressure arising from interest revenues on loans .
), there is only a 7. 5% –17% difference between the cot - based genome size and these previous estimates. consequently, it is likely that the slow reassociating component is primarily single - copy dna, and thus we refer to it as the single / low - copy (sl) component .
ford rp, schluter pj, mitchell ea, taylor bj, scragg r, stewart aw. heavy caffeine intake in pregnancy and sudden infant death syndrome. new zealand cot death study group. arch dis child. 1998 jan. 78 (1): 9 - 13. [ medline ]. [ full text ] .
where z = mean insert size in bp and g = 1c genome size in bp (paterson 1996). for a standard sorghum (1c = 760 mb) genomic library containing 600 bp inserts, 99% confidence can be obtained by sequencing 5. 8 × 10 6 randomly selected genomic clones. in cot library construction, genomic dna is separated into kinetic / sequence complexity - based components prior to cloning and sequencing. consequently, for a cot library the probability of sequencing 99% of the dna elements in the component used to construct that library is a function of the component' s kinetic complexity (γ) rather than genome size :
the results of a cot analysis provide the information needed to isolate the major kinetic components of a genome in a manner independent of sequence expression (britten and kohne 1968) and / or methylation (burtseva et al. 1979). however, to our knowledge dna fractionated via cot / hap techniques has not previously been used in the construction of genomic libraries. here we describe the production and characterization of genomic libraries derived from the three major kinetic components of sorghum (sorghum bicolor) dna. sorghum was chosen for this study because (to our knowledge) it has not been the subject of a cot analysis, it has a 4000–6000 year history of cultivation (kimber 2000), it is one of the most agronomically important plant species in the world (smith 2000), and its relatively small genome is a valuable “window” into the low - copy sequence diversity of closely related, large - genome crops such as maize and sugarcane (see draye et al. 2001) .
“it was learnt that in some banks, the amount charged as cot depends on the customers’ relationship with the banks, ” he said. he further lamented that the laudable policy by the cbn, which was wellreceived by the public, is being flagrantly ignored and undermined by commercial banks with attendant costs on ordinary citizens who are bank customers .
comparison of bac ends with sorghum cot clone sequences provides a means to identify bac ends that contain repetitive dna sequences. as described in the results, 17% of sorghum bac ends (n = 116) show homology to hrcot / mrcot sequences. these bac ends likely contain repetitive elements and thus may be of limited use in contig assembly .
in a circular dated june 11, 2014 entitled: ‘implementation of the revised guideline to bank charges - commissions on turnover’, referenced fpr / dir / gen / cir / 01 / 008, the cbn said information at its disposal indicates that some banks continue to charge cot at the rate of n3 per mile, which was the agreed rate for 2013 .
a cot curve for sorghum bicolor was prepared according to peterson et al. (1998) and analyzed using the computer program of pearson et al. (1977). the analysis providing the lowest rms (root mean square deviation) and goodness of fit values (0. 02554 and 0. 02712, respectively) is a three - component fit with no constrained variables .
the cbn noted that while the gradual phase out was being observed, some banks continued to charge account maintenance fees in addition to the reduced cot rate, which in effect amounted to double coincidence of charges the cbn is not oblivious of the impact of declining crude oil prices; operation of treasury single account; and other market turbulences on the viability and stability of the banking system .
). however, this convention does not mean that kinetic complexity values do not accurately reflect sequence complexity—as an analogy, the exact genome size of an organism cannot really be determined except by complete genome sequencing, although genome size can be accurately estimated using feulgen densitometry, flow cytometry, cot analysis, and other methodologies. because each repeat sequence is counted only once in determination of a genome' s sequence complexity, the contribution of repeat sequences to sequence complexity is generally quite small. in contrast, single / low - copy sequences account for the vast majority of a genome' s sequence complexity (e. g. , 98% of the combined kinetic complexity of the sorghum hr, mr, and sl cot components is found in the sl component; fig .
c. o. t is robbery by the banks. how can the banks charge cot on personal funds. because the way our society is, where people don’t like to pay for services received, banks should be made to charge monthly fees for various numbers of withdrawals in current account and no fees for 15 withdrawals a month for savings account. this will encourage more banking amongst the people
i will like to confirm if cot is to be charged also on other bank charges like mgt fees on loans, charges on letter of credits, e. t. c. what if i have more than one account with the bank – related companies, and i transfer money from one account to another of my company account within some bank, am i to pay c0t on the transfer ?
) to produce ssdna - derived cot clones (d. peterson, a. nagel, s. wessler, and a. paterson, unpubl .). the use of ssdna fractions in cloning would be advantageous in instances where the quantity of genomic dna is limited. additionally, fewer base pair mismatches would be expected if primer extension techniques rather than strand renaturation were used to generate duplexes for cloning and sequencing .
visible thinking began as an initiative to develop a research - based approach to teaching thinking dispositions. the approach emphasized three core practices: thinking routines, the documentation of student thinking, and reflective professional practice. it was originally developed at lemshaga akademi in sweden as part of the innovating with intelligence project, and focused on developing students' thinking dispositions in such areas as truth - seeking, understanding, fairness, and imagination. it has since expanded its focus to include an emphasis on thinking through art and the role of cultural forces and has informed the development of other project zero visible thinking initiatives, including artful thinking, and cultures of thinking .
sorghum has a relatively high percentage of foldback dna compared to many species for which cot analyses have been performed. several strategies employed prior to fbcot sequencing (e. g. , screening high - density grids of the fbcot library with randomly selected fbcot clones) could be used to identify highly redundant fbcot sequences and subsequently reduce the number of fbcot clones that would need to be sequenced to attain a desired level of sequence complexity coverage.
zero commission on turnover ( cot ) , according to the central bank of nigeria ( cbn ) , is the removal of commission on all customer-induced debit transactions by deposit money banks ( dmbs ) in the country . the zero cot commenced in nigeria on 1 january 2016 . the cbn through the revised guide to bank charges ( rgbc ) of 1 april 2013 , provides gradual steps towards the application of this policy . the guide stipulated a phase-out plan from = n = 3 ( 2013 ) , to = n = 2 ( 2014 ) , to = n = 1 ( 2015 ) and = n = 0 ( 2016 ) . also , the policy permits customers to negotiable cot in each of the relevant year subject to the maximum stated in the plan . 
zero commission on turnover (cot), according to the central bank of nigeria (cbn), is the removal of commission on all customer-induced debit transactions by deposit money banks (dmbs) in the country. the zero cot commenced in nigeria on 1 january 2016. the cbn through the revised guide to bank charges (rgbc) of 1 april 2013, provides gradual steps towards the application of this policy. the guide stipulated a phase-out plan from = n = 3 (2013), to = n = 2 (2014), to = n = 1 (2015) and = n = 0 (2016). also, the policy permits customers to negotiable cot in each of the relevant year subject to the maximum stated in the plan.
zero commission on turnover (cot), according to the central bank of nigeria (cbn), is the removal of commission on all customer-induced debit transactions by deposit money banks (dmbs) in the country. the zero cot commenced in nigeria on 1 january 2016. the cbn through the revised guide to bank charges (rgbc) of 1 april 2013, provides gradual steps towards the application of this policy. the guide stipulated a phase-out plan from = n = 3 (2013), to = n = 2 (2014), to = n = 1 (2015) and = n = 0 (2016). also, the policy permits customers to negotiable cot in each of the relevant year subject to the maximum stated in the plan.