mainstreaming
european parliament resolution on gender mainstreaming in the european parliament: the parliament adopted its first resolution on gender mainstreaming, which contains a commitment to regularly adopting and implementing a policy plan for gender mainstreaming, and suggests some guidelines for implementing gender mainstreaming in the committees' and delegations' policy work .
swedish government official reports (2007). gender mainstreaming manual – a book of practical methods from the swedish gender mainstreaming support committee (jämstöd) .
proper funding for the mainstreaming of children with behavioural problems was never made available .
”, which is intended to support the implementation of the strategy gender mainstreaming .
advertisements for products targeted specifically at vampires were a common part of the mainstreaming movement .
during 1998, the european commission adopted the council of europe’s definition of gender mainstreaming .
european commission – dg employment and social affairs (2005). equal guide on gender mainstreaming
for more information on the different stages of the gender mainstreaming cycle, click on each phase .
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council of europe (2004). gender mainstreaming: conceptual framework, methodology and presentation of good practices. final report of activities of the group of specialists on mainstreaming (eg - s - ms )
european commission – dg justice (2011). compendium of practice on non - discrimination / equality mainstreaming
in early 1997, the inter - directorate group drafted a strategy paper on the concrete implementation of the strategy gender mainstreaming. as a consequence of this, high - ranking officials were appointed in 29 departments as gender mainstreaming officers to develop specific gender mainstreaming policies. they drew up papers such as the “
a repository of gender mainstreaming policies from organizations across the un system compiles nearly 100 documents developed since 2000 .
european commission – dg human resources and security (n. d .). gender mainstreaming [ 1 ] .
european commission – dg development and cooperation (2004). toolkit on mainstreaming gender equality in ec development cooperation .
mainstreaming is about encouraging and recognising countries that make transparency an integral and routine feature of their governance and management systems .
gender mainstreaming means observing and taking into account the inequalities between women and men at all times and in all areas .
in 1997, the treaty of amsterdam confirmed the importance of promoting gender equality and formalized the commitment to gender mainstreaming .
bear in mind that gender mainstreaming is as much about addressing gender inequalities in society through policies, as it is about the organisation in question. existing working cultures, practices, processes and procedures, need to be critically (re -) considered. internal obstacles for effective gender mainstreaming should be removed, and daily routines adapted to accommodate a gender mainstreaming approach .
the european union recommends the continuation of the dual approach – gender mainstreaming as well as specific actions for men or women .
national commission for the promotion of equality (2012). gender mainstreaming in practice – step - by - step guide for gender impact assessment .
on 1 may 1999, the treaty of amsterdam came into force, establishing a binding legal basis for the strategy gender mainstreaming at eu level. article 2 and article 3 paragraph 2 of this ec treaty commit the member states to an active gender equality policy in the sense of gender mainstreaming .
european commission – dg employment, social affairs and equal opportunities (2008). manual for gender mainstreaming – employment, social inclusion and social protection policies
we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on mainstreaming website. this includes technical and profiling cookies, as well as cookies from third party. if you continue without changing your settings, we' ll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the mainstreaming website .
our goal is to make genetic testing part of routine cancer patient care, by integrating testing into the cancer patient pathway. we call this ‘mainstreaming’ .
preparation: set up a plan for the implementation of gender mainstreaming, define steps and milestones, assign tasks and responsibilities, formalise and communicate the plan .
gender mainstreaming ensures that policy - making and legislative work is of higher quality and has a greater relevance for society, because it makes policies respond more effectively to the needs of all citizens – women and men, girls and boys. gender mainstreaming makes public interventions more effective and ensures that inequalities are not perpetuated .
mainstreaming™ is a global media delivery network designed to provide the highest performance and quality for live and on demand video and audio streaming in real time. integrating all operative phases for the management and distribution of streaming media, mainstreaming’s enterprise full stack technology provides clients the perfect solution to deliver content globally on any connected device .
thesis (m. a .) - - georgetown university, 2009. ; includes bibliographical references. this thesis is composed of three primary components. part i provides a history of how gender mainstreaming emerged as the preferred strategy for pursuing gender equality within the united nations. part ii is intended as a guidebook for practitioners and academics, compiling in one place the concepts associated with the mainstreaming strategy, the tools and resources available for implementation, and outlining commonly cited successes and shortcomings of gender mainstreaming. part iii compares and contrasts the implementation of gender mainstreaming within two united nations funds, in order to highlight possible areas of focus for future research .
the european institute for gender equality created this platform on gender mainstreaming to support the eu institutions and governmental bodies with the integration of a gender perspective in their work .
gender mainstreaming requires both integrating a gender perspective to the content of the different policies, and addressing the issue of representation of women and men in the given policy area .
an effective implementation of gender mainstreaming requires preparation and organisation. people in decision - making positions can make a particular difference here, as they have more power to introduce changes .
the inter - directorate group is responsible for communicating gender mainstreaming in the directorate general. it develops training programmes and community strategies of relevance for gender equality. the inter - directorate group is also responsible for the exchange of model examples and information. at the end of 1995, the president of the european commission initiated a “group of specialists on mainstreaming” .
“gender mainstreaming is the (re) organisation, improvement, development and evaluation of policy processes, so that a gender equality perspective is incorporated in all policies, at all levels and at all stages, by the actors normally involved in policy - making. ”´ (council of europe. gender mainstreaming: conceptual framework, methodology and presentation of good practices. strasbourg, 1998 )
webtv platforms such as mainstreaming, therefore allow brands to create a webtv portal that is professional, proprietary and personalized. a nice example is the autodromo di monza through mo nzarace tv: urltoken
mückenberger, ulrich / tondorf, karin / krell, gertraude: gender mainstreaming. - informationen und impulse -, herausgegeben vom niedersächsischen ministerium für frauen, arbeit und soziales; 2. auflage 2001
gender mainstreaming recognizes that existing structures are not gender - neutral. the result of this is that apparently gender - neutral policies can in fact reinforce gendered divisions and inequality between women and men .
eige’s collection of good practices should also be consulted as it contains examples of proven approaches, policies and practices that have been effective in the implementation of gender mainstreaming strategies in the eu member states .
following the death of roman zimojic in november, 2009, the mainstreaming movement was abandoned by the sanguinistas who had taken over the vampire authority. the authority was destroyed shortly after and the movement continued .
but the strategy is not explicitly referred to as “gender mainstreaming” in this document either. what it does include, however, is a description of the concept: “governments and other actors should promote and active and visible policy of mainstreaming a gender perspective in all policies and programmes so that before decisions are taken, an analysis is made of the effects on women and men, respectively. ” (un 1996 )
this report has been compiled by ey company which was selected to act as the consultant with regards to the pilot study (feasibility study) on mainstreaming eiti in kazakhstan. the study comprised the following objectives :
a un system repository of resources and tools for capacity development on gender mainstreaming, which aims to enhance the capacities of un staff in relation to gender - responsive planning, implementation, monitoring and improved accountability .
the european commission defines gender mainstreaming in the following way: “gender mainstreaming is the integration of the gender perspective into every stage of policy processes – design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation – with a view to promoting equality between women and men. it means assessing how policies impact on the life and position of both women and men – and taking responsibility to re - address them if necessary. ” (european commission )
according to this formulation of the objectives, equal opportunities is seen as a cross - sectional task and the area of action and influence of the strategy gender mainstreaming is extended to national, regional and local levels .
at european level, the eu institutions are in charge of implementing gender mainstreaming, whereas at national level, it is up to the governments of member states. however, it is not only the responsibility of specific individuals working in certain areas or units. while specific structures should be established and persons responsible appointed, the responsibility for implementing gender mainstreaming should be with the entire staff of public institutions, under the leadership of the management .
this toolkit includes an introductory document which explains what mainstreaming means in practice; it includesa tool for assessing which disclosures are made systematically, and provides some examples of how countries have mainstreamed some aspects of the eiti standard .
mainstreaming refers to a social movement within the vampire race, in which vampires attempt to integrate themselves into everyday human society. on the hbo original series true blood, the mainstreaming movement was made possible by the invention of synthetic blood, which prompted vampires to reveal their existence to humanity, in an event known as the great revelation. the great revelation was informally known as
coming out of the coffin ,
and was orchestrated by roman, the guardian of the vampire authority. attitudes towards mainstreaming within the vampire community were mixed, with some, particularly older vampires, regarding
mainstreamers
as traitors, who have lost all sense of their priorities .
united nations development programme (2007). gender mainstreaming in practice: a toolkit. edited by nadja dolata and prepared by astrida niemanis, dono abdurazakova, shannon brooker, anneli gustafsson, mamura nasirova, jafar javan and louise sperl
at the 4th world conference on women in beijing in 1995, gender mainstreaming was at last introduced as a strategy in international gender equality policy, given force as a cross - sectional topic and established in the 4th working platform of the world conference on women. the consequence of this was that all member states are obliged to develop a concept for the implementation of gender mainstreaming as part of their national strategies for the implementation of the 4th world conference on women .
resources: sufficient resources need to be made available; effective gender mainstreaming requires budget and time. think about resources for awareness - raising and capacity - building initiatives. the use of special (external) expertise might also be considered .
a list of official documentation on un system - wide policy and strategy, with links to resolutions and reports on gender mainstreaming by ecosoc and the general assembly, as well as the policy of the united nations chief executives board for coordination .
knowledge generation: building up knowledge on gender equality and good practices in gender mainstreaming contributes to making the approach more effective. you can contribute to the institutional learning by collecting data and information on indicators, reporting on progress and facilitating experience exchange .
gender mainstreaming is as much about addressing gender inequalities in society through policies, as it is about the organisations’ own ways of working. addressing the issue of representation within institutions also involves addressing the gender dimension of the organisational structures and the working procedures .
a political commitment for gender equality and a compatible legal framework are the basic conditions for the development of a successful gender mainstreaming strategy. in addition to concrete objectives and targets in the strategy, gender mainstreaming requires a clear action plan. such plan should take into account the context, satisfy the necessary conditions, cover all the relevant dimensions, foresee the use of concrete methods and tools, set out the responsibilities and make sure that the necessary competences exist to achieve the anticipated results within a planned time frame .
, in which gender mainstreaming is defined as “the (re) organisation, improvement, development and evaluation of policy processes, so that a gender equality perspective is incorporated at all levels and at all stages, by the actors normally involved in policy - making” .
gender mainstreaming does not replace specific actions i. e. measures targeted at a particular group and intended to eliminate and prevent discrimination or to offset disadvantages arising from existing attitudes, behaviours and structures sometimes referred to as positive discrimination (european commission, 1998) .
as such, gender equality is the overarching and long - term development goal, while gender mainstreaming is a set of specific, strategic approaches as well as technical and institutional processes adopted to achieve that goal. gender mainstreaming integrates gender equality in national public and private organizations, in central or local policies, and in services and sectoral programmes. in the long run, it aims to transform discriminatory social institutions, laws, cultural norms and community practices, such as those limiting women’s access to property rights or restricting their access to public space
consider conducting a gender - specific evaluation, focussing on the approach towards realising gender equality that has been followed. such evaluation will significantly contribute to understanding what works well and where the difficulties are, allowing for the gender mainstreaming approach to be fine - tuned in future actions .
this led to a new strategy – gender mainstreaming – which shifted the focus to systems and structures themselves, to the relationship between women and men, and to their individual needs. this approach gained worldwide acceptance at the un’s fourth world conference on women in beijing, 1995 .
the eiti international secretariat has undertaken an assessment of routine online disclosures in the extractive sector of the kyrgyz republic to examine the country’s readiness to mainstream eiti implementation. in accordance with the terms of reference for a mainstreaming feasibility study, the assessment reviews the extent to which there is :
not all vampires approved of mainstreaming, however. some believed it placed vampires as a whole in unnecessary danger by exposing them to humanity. others believed that vampires were naturally superior to humans, and that vampires should be subjugating them, not trying to co - exist with them .
since 1996, the commission committed itself to a ‘dual approach’ towards realising gender equality. this approach involves mainstreaming a gender perspective in all policies, while also implementing specific measures to eliminate, prevent or remedy gender inequalities. both approaches go hand in hand, and one cannot replace the other .
in the communication from the european commission dated 21 february 1996, “incorporating equal opportunities for women and men into all community policies and activities”, the eu committed itself to the strategy gender mainstreaming. according to the european commission, gender mainstreaming means “that in all phases of the political process – planning implementation, monitoring and evaluation – account is taken of the gender perspective. the goal is the promotion of gender equality between women and men. under the gender mainstreaming concept, all policy measures must constantly be monitored for their effects on the life situation of women and men and, if necessary, revised. only in this way can equality of the sexes become a reality in the lives of women and men. all people – within organisations and communities – must be given the opportunity to make their contribution to the development of a communal vision of sustained human development and to the realisation of this vision. ”
gender mainstreaming has been embraced internationally as a strategy towards realising gender equality. it involves the integration of a gender perspective into the preparation, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies, regulatory measures and spending programmes, with a view to promoting equality between women and men, and combating discrimination .
gender mainstreaming does not only aim to avoid the creation or reinforcement of inequalities, which can have adverse effects on both women and men. it also implies analysing the existing situation, with the purpose of identifying inequalities, and developing policies which aim to redress these inequalities and undo the mechanisms that caused them .
gender mainstreaming is not a policy goal in itself, but a means to achieve gender equality. equality between women and men is recognised by the eu as a fundamental right, a common value of the eu, and a necessary condition for the achievement of the eu objectives of growth, employment and social cohesion .
the defining characteristic of vampires who seek to mainstream is subsidence on tru blood. while some mainstreamers may have a monogamous human lover whom they feed on, most mainstreamers eschew human blood entirely. another common trait of mainstreaming vampires is the desire to live apart from other vampires. either alone, or with humans .
in 1994, the council of europe set up a steering committee for equality between women and men (cdeg), which took up the concept of gender mainstreaming at the level of the council of europe for the first time. this committee reports directly to the council of ministers and is responsible for measures to promote equality .
in march 1998, the european commission published the “progress report of the commission on follow - up measures to the communication “incorporating equal opportunities for women and men into all community policies and activities”. in this report, initial experiences with the implementation of the strategy gender mainstreaming and criteria for the future of the process were described .
we' re excited to introduce mainstreaming - urltoken - as our newest baia silver corporate supporter. we sat down with antonio corrado, ceo and founder, for an interview on his video streaming cloud platform, and had a conversation on the future of video content and on his visit to silicon valley this past august. enjoy !
i’m the ceo and founder of mainstreaming, an italian company operating in the ict sector (i. e. in information and communications technology) and experts in video streaming. i work 12 - hour days and never stop dreaming. the little time i have available, i dedicate to personal growth training, reading and sports .
since then, the european commission has been publishing annual reports on “equality for women and men in the european union”. it is aimed at the council, the european parliament, the economic and social committee and the committees of the regions, and sets out the current state of implementation of and specific measures for the strategy gender mainstreaming .
the main goal was – and still is ­– to implement the isp for the mainstreaming service, which is able to solve the problem that most online video platform operators have: to distribute and deliver video in a technologically advanced way based on a full service model. mainstreaming is able to deliver high performance video at a very low cost per terabyte. it’s a system for managing your online presence through streaming: both live and on - demand, all via a multimedia cdn. the platform we have designed allows rapid distribution of multimedia content on various devices: pc, smartphone, tablet, connected tv and wearable technology, providing a truly scalable and innovative video hosting service .
treaty of amsterdam. the treaty substantially strengthened the legal basis for community action in favour of equality between women and men. articles 2 and 3 of the treaty formalise the community commitment to gender mainstreaming by establishing equality between women and men as a specific task of the community as well as a horizontal objective affecting all community policies and programmes .
in the fourth medium - term programme for action on equal opportunities for women and men, gender mainstreaming is the central theme. the aim of the programme is “to promote the integration of equal opportunities for women and men into the preparation, implementation and monitoring of all policies and activities of the union and member states, while respecting their specific responsibilities” .
the gender mainstreaming cycle presented here can be adjusted to different public policy / programming processes. the chart below refers to the specific stages of the cycle and the necessary elements that need to be given attention within each stage. specific gender mainstreaming methods and tools that should be used within each of the cycle stages are also included. some methods and tools, such as consulting with stakeholders or providing gender equality training to the actors involved, can be useful in more than one stage. moreover, it is important to remember that when dealing with data they should be sex - disaggregated. eige’s gender statistics database is a useful tool that can be used to find reliable, comparable and up - to - date information on equality between women and men .
the 2030 agenda for sustainable development speaks to the core mandate and values of the un system, including promoting and encouraging respect for human rights for all. un agencies, funds and programmes can broker relevant knowledge and technical assistance on sustainable development challenges, opportunities and solutions. the un development group’s joint mainstreaming, acceleration and policy support approach provides the umbrella framework for such support (with data, accountability and partnerships as supporting pillars) .
in its resolution of september 1997, the european parliament recommended the continuation of the double strategy (gender mainstreaming plus special promotion measures) as further step towards achieving equality between women and men. furthermore, the creation of suitable coordination structures, the drawing up of evaluation criteria, monitoring of all proposed legislation for its impact on gender equality (gender equality test) and the gathering of data and statistics that are differentiated by gender are also proposed .
within the framework of the 3rd world conference on women in 1985, criticism of the existing form of development policy and the resulting demand for stronger integration of women into the mainstream was gone into. this is also reflected in the final report from nairobi: “women should be an integral part of the process of defining aims and shaping development... organizational and other means which enable women to contribute their interests and preferences into the evaluation and selection of alternative development goals should be identified. this would include specific measures which are conceived in such a way that the autonomy of women is enhanced so that they bring women into the mainstream of the development process on the same basis as men. ” (un 1986). even though this paper mentions neither gender nor mainstreaming, the 3rd world conference on women can nonetheless be regarded as an important building block in the development of the strategy gender mainstreaming .
incorporating equal opportunities for women and men into all community policies and activities: the commission committed itself to gender mainstreaming as a strategy for the promotion of gender equality in all its policies and activities, alongside the implementation of specific measures. it thus committed itself to a ‘dual approach’ towards realising gender equality that “…involves not restricting efforts to promote equality to the implementation of specific measures to help women, but mobilising all general policies and measures specifically for the purpose of achieving equality”
with the strategy gender mainstreaming established in the eu employment guidelines, measures for promoting equality between women and men can be seen not only in the light of area 4 (strengthening the policies for equal opportunities in the employment market), but is also defined as a cross - sectional task for the other three areas as well. the implementation of these guidelines in the national action plans for employment by the individual member states is monitored and evaluated annually by the commission .
in kazakhstan, the eiti reporting forms are incorporated into an existing online platform under the ministry of investment and development. after undertaking an annual independent audit in the first quarter of a calendar year, subsoil license holders upload the eiti machine readable data together with their audit statements. this system enabled kazakhstan to be a leading country on data timeliness within the eiti. the multi - stakeholder group in kazakhstan launched a feasibility study for mainstreaming and currently is considering options to mainstream the eiti from fiscal year 2017 .
the strategy gender mainstreaming was integrated into the fifth framework programme in the field of research, technological development and demonstration, which ran for five years from 1998. this programme involves, firstly, promotion of dialogue between scholars and political decision - makers on the subject of “women in science” and, secondly, the development of a system for observing the conditions for women in science. studies on gender - specific effects were undertaken during the entire course of the fifth research programme to monitor whether gender - specific interests were being appropriately taken into account .
the 1997 agreed conclusions of ecosoc defined gender mainstreaming as: “the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. it is a strategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. the ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality. ”
gender mainstreaming is “the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in any area and at all levels. it is a strategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic, and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally, and inequality is not perpetuated. the ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality. ” (united nations. ecosoc, 1997 )
the 1995 fourth world conference on women endorsed gender mainstreaming as a critical and strategic approach for achieving gender equality commitments. the resulting beijing declaration and platform for action mandates all stakeholders in development policies and programmes, including un organizations, member states and civil society actors, to take action in this regard. additional commitments are embodied in the outcome of the twenty - third special session of the general assembly, the millennium declaration, and a variety of resolutions and decisions of the un general assembly, the security council, the economic and social council, and the commission on the status of women .
i decided to spend a month travelling around silicon valley with the aim of internationalizing mainstreaming. the first step was to understand well how fundraising works in silicon valley, select the right venture capitalists for my project, adjust the business plan in line with their expectations, and prepare the pitch to be presented in the coming months. during my stay in san francisco i met up with the baia network and attended a very pleasant baia aperitivo in order to network. i found that there are a good number of italian professionals who live and work in silicon valley. those who the italian media have named the
brain drain
, like matteo fabiano who helps businesses enter the american market with his company firematter .
tfeu - treaty on the functioning of the european union. article 19 of the tfeu provides the legal base for eu legislation combatting discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. the treaty also takes gender into account in the following fields: principle of gender mainstreaming: ‘in all its activities, the union shall aim to eliminate inequalities, and to promote equality between women and men’ (article 8); social exclusion and discrimination (article 9); principle of equality between man and woman with regard to labour market opportunities and treatment (article 157); prevention and action against all kinds of trafficking and sexual abuse of women (article 79); the fight against domestic violence (declaration on article 8 of teu) .
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urltoken
the business association italy america (baia) is a business network created by and for entrepreneurs, managers, and professionals operating between italy and the usa. baia is a nonprofit collaborative organization open to new members and focused on promoting innovation .
so, let' s begin with your visit. antonio, you visited the bay area this summer and met with the italian community in san francisco, including us from baia. what was your impression ?
i also had a very interesting meeting with fabrizio capobianco, president of funambol, a great italian innovator. i must admit that i was very excited to be able to share ideas and thoughts with him over lunch. his company is active in cloud solutions for telecom operators and he told me about his latest startup, tok. tv, with which he has recently launched the “juventus live” app .
over the past years, video content has been rapidly growing. as an expert in video, what' s your advice to a brand on how to best leverage video: e. g. youtube, webtv, video / live streaming ?
they have always worked to give the public content and constantly updated information on the world of motor racing, with interviews and press conferences. they decided to place their trust in us because they needed a video platform capable of encoding videos in just a few minutes and distribute them on any device, including on mobile, for a great multiscreen experience and social sharing capability on the most popular social media networks such as facebook, twitter, and google + .
i was born in 1972 and fell in love with computing at very early age, beginning, like many of my generation, to program in basic with a commodore 64. i studied computer science and began my career as a programmer in milan, italy .
in 2002, i met my mentor. at confindustria, i learned about a training program called virgilio, founded by rotarian volunteers with excellent business credentials to help young entrepreneurs start off on the
right foot
. i was mentored by a former senior manager of olivetti eng. giuseppe calogero, who is now our honorary chairman, but for me, he is a mentor for life. today, thanks to him, i feel like a child of the adriano olivetti school .
since 2007 i’ve known that things were changing in the internet world, that the main traffic would come from multimedia content (primarily video), but this strong growth was not supported by the architecture of the traditional isps which was old - fashioned and unable to solve my problem. so i invested in becoming an innovative isp, starting from this simple question :
how do the logistics of internet data packets work ?
the concept offered by baia is great for networking, which i believe is an important activity for our video streaming hosting service. networking means organizing a transparent and lasting exchange of information, comparing notes and having daily discussions based on a relationship between professionals. i believe that only through these exchanges, based primarily on intercultural aspects, can solid business relationships be created. the need to study the us market before tackling the investment side is a necessary condition for those of us who see internationalization as a great opportunity to increase our network and explore new markets .
a special thanks to antonio corrado for his time and support for the baia community .
this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial - sharealike 4. 0 international license
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both dimensions – gender representation and gender responsive content - need to be taken into consideration in all phases of the policy - making process .
addressing the issue of representation means looking at the representation of women and men as policy beneficiaries, as well as their representation in the labour force and in the decision making processes .
women are beneficiaries of eu policies to the same extent as men. yet, compared to men, they are significantly underrepresented in decision - making positions. by collecting information on the representation of both sexes as users / beneficiaries, the policy measures can be better targeted and their effects on different groups better estimated .
the representation of women and men working in different policy areas varies across policy sectors and according to the type of work or functions. for instance, women are underrepresented in the renewable energy sector (22. 1% of the workforce). they are generally employed in lower - skilled jobs (primarily in administration and communication), while more skilled and better paid jobs are primarily held by men. in the field of education, women are overrepresented as teachers at the levels of primary and lower secondary education, but their representation within decision - making positions is rather low, especially in tertiary education .
when there is an unbalanced participation of women and men in the planning and decision - making processes on policy actions, this may affect the outcomes that impact both women and men. policies benefit from diverse perspectives: a more balanced representation of both sexes would bring in different experiences that may improve the decision - making process and overall results .
although numbers are important, it is pertinent to also consider how gender relates to the content of policy measures, to gain a better understanding of how women and men would benefit from them. a gender responsive policy ensures that the needs of all citizens, women and men, are equally addressed .
traditionally, government policy and legislation have been viewed as gender - neutral instruments, on the assumption that a public policy benefits all members of the public equally .
however, structural gender inequalities are still embedded in our society. even if the laws treat women and men as equals, women still do not have equal access to and control over resources and assets .
policies focused on the general public often impact women and men differently. if these different gender impacts are not taken into account, the policy will be gender - blind. to avoid this, it is necessary to take into account the different needs and interests of women and men, to identify gender inequalities in access to and control of resources, to consider the impact of gender based stereotypes and traditional gender roles, to anticipate different effects on women and men, and to ensure gender equality .
a gender impact assessment is the first step towards avoiding policies that fail to take into account a gender perspective. such an assessment analyses the impact of a new regulation, policy or programme on the advancement of gender equality and in turn foresees implications it might have on women’s and men’s lives .
stakeholder involvement: close liaison with all policy stakeholders is essential throughout the policy cycle to take on board the concerns, expectations, and views of the target groups. it is recommended to cement opportunities and structures for stakeholder involvement and consultations into the policy process .
monitoring and evaluation: set in place accountability mechanisms to ensure an adequate follow - up of implementation and progress. foresee regular reporting and share results .
gender expertise: this expertise should be internal, but the use of special external expertise might be considered as well .
integrating the gender perspective in a policy means that equality between women and men, as the overarching principle, should be taken into consideration in all decisions, in each phase of the policy - making process, by all the actors involved .
the policy process is understood as a multi - stage cycle, including defining, planning, implementing and checking (monitoring and evaluating). in many cases, these stages are turned into a cycle, with each step being repeated as changes occur. for example, when a policy is evaluated, it may reveal new problems that need to be addressed for re - programming .
this is the starting point when you define the precise policy needs to be addressed by the public intervention in a specific policy field. you have to assess in which way and to what extent the policy is gender relevant and needs specific interventions to address gender gaps and differences. the first step is to gather any sex - disaggregated data and information that are useful to analyse the situation of women and men in the respective policy domain. then, try to answer the following questions :
specific methods that can be used in this phase are gender analysis and gender impact assessment. it might be pertinent to provide training to the staff who will conduct the analysis .
do not forget to check whether knowledge has already been generated in this area (e. g. studies, programme or project reports, evaluations from previous policies). data and information will contribute to a robust understanding about the reality, help to design a better policy or programme, avoid negative effects on women or men, and address existing gender inequalities .
for inspiration on how to conduct a proper literature review, to critically examine concepts and theories, taking into consideration underlying assumptions that may be gender - biased .
consider consulting stakeholders (e. g. gender experts, women’s organisations, other civil society organisations) on the topic at hand to share and validate your findings and improve your policy or programme proposal. this will enhance the learning process on the subject for all those involved and will improve the quality of the work done at the eu and member states level .
consider the governance of an institution through a gender lens, to assess whether selection, appraisal, promotion and evaluation practices may reflect gender stereotypes that disadvantage both women employees and women managers .
gender plan refers to the process of planning the implementation phase of policies or programmes from a gender perspective. it involves identifying gender policy objectives and appropriate approaches and interventions to achieve them .
plan specific actions to be conducted in order to achieve the goals and measures established in your policy or programme .
in this phase, it is relevant to analyse budgets from a gender perspective. gender budgeting is used to identify how budget allocations contribute to the promotion of gender equality. gender budgeting shows how much public money is spent for women and men. it is a technique that can be used in the planning stage, but also to monitor on - going programmes and to review past expenditures. gender budgeting ensures that public funds are fairly distributed between women and men. it also contributes to accountability and transparency about how public funds are being spent. check here to know how to conduct gender budgeting .
when planning, do not forget to establish indicators that will allow for monitoring of equality objectives - measure and compare the effect of the policy or programme on women and men over the timeframe of its implementation .
remember that it is also important to define the appropriate moments to monitor and evaluate your policy .
procedures (notably for contractors to be hired for policy support services), do not forget to formalise gender - related requirements. in practical terms, the following requirements may be included :
a specific section about gender - related concerns in the grant application: mapping of the situation of women and men in the concerned area; elaboration of gender - specific objectives in line with the latest findings and with the objectives of the call; and explanation on how these objectives would be achieved .
the application of user - centred and / or participatory methodologies which take into account a gender dimension by directly involving a fair share of women in the process and by looking at how gender inequalities / differences are structuring the domains and the contexts of a particular policy area .
these aspects are to be included in the evaluation criteria of the proposals or tenders and checked during the implementation of the project .
ensure the participation of gender experts in teams or groups where decisions are taken, especially regarding the definition of work programmes and the attribution of budgets. make sure that all those who are expected to take the gender dimension into consideration are properly briefed. think about members of committees and panels, expert groups, juries, and – very importantly – expert evaluators of proposals .
strive to bring transparency into the whole process. make your plan, monitoring and evaluation reports publicly available. this will build confidence between your institution and the target group (s) of your policy or programme .
in the implementation phase of a policy or programme, ensure that all who are involved are sufficiently aware about the relevant gender objectives and plans. if this is not the case, set up briefings and capacity building initiatives according to the staff’s needs. gender equality training – as part of capacity building initiatives - to raise capacity on how to integrate a gender equality dimension in the sector will usually be needed for all actors who are expected to contribute: researchers, proposal evaluators, monitoring and evaluation experts, scientific officers, programme committee members, etc. it is also important that support measures are put in place, so that during implementation, difficulties can be overcome and further guidance is available. support can take various forms, such as :
sharing experiences, lessons and good practices about gender in a certain policy area with colleagues. you may want to consider setting up an informal working / support group on the issue of gender equality in the policy sector ;
the promotion of gender competence will greatly contribute to a smooth implementation of your policy or programme .
publications, communications, press releases might be issued during the implementation of your policy or programme. do not forget to give visibility to gender issues and avoid the use of sexist language and stereotypical or discriminatory images. click here to know more on how to communicate in a gender - sensitive way. furthermore, when organising events and conferences, think carefully about the list of speakers: is there a good balance between women and men speakers? are women experts given sufficient attention ?
to follow up progress and remedy possible unforeseen difficulties, it is necessary to monitor on - going work. this is needed at the programme level, but also at the project level. indicators therefore have to be set and specific monitoring activities planned and implemented. you will need to collect data and information based on the indicators you have defined, in order to verify whether your goals and measures are being achieved .
gender - sensitive monitoring allows gaps and difficulties to be identified and redressed as soon as possible, while changes that are necessary to accomplish what has been planned can still be introduced. consider conducting gender - specific monitoring, i. e. monitoring that has the approach towards realising gender equality as its main focus .
according to the monitoring timeline you defined in the planning stage, follow up to ensure everything is taking place as planned. this exercise should take into account the indicators defined in the planning phase. consider corrective actions in case obstacles, that can be immediately redressed, are identified in the process .
ensure that the implementation of activities related to gender is followed up and reported upon. reporting on monitoring results contributes to the learning on what works best, which is of paramount importance .
monitoring of course also promotes accountability: hold those responsible for the implementation of actions accountable. consider sanctions if needed .
in addition to monitoring, an evaluation should take place either on - going or ex post. it should take into account information and data collected and collated in the course of the policy or programme, as well as other knowledge and sources. gender - sensitive evaluation should rely on evaluators with gender expertise, who are able to identify and apply evaluation questions and methods which integrate a gender equality perspective. do not forget to formalise these requirements in the evaluation’s terms of reference .
make your evaluation publicly accessible and strategically disseminate its results to promote its learning potential. keep in mind that this is a learning process. your findings, the lessons learnt and recommendations from the evaluation will be very useful when redesigning the next framework of your policy or programme, and may even feed into the work of other policy areas .
browse through our timeline to discover the milestones of gender equality in the eu .
treaty of rome. the treaty incorporates the principle of equal pay for equal work (art 119) .
eu roadmap for equality between women and men for 2006 - 2010: the roadmap outlines he following priorities: equal economic independence for women and men; reconciliation of private and professional life; equal representation in decision - making; eradication of all forms of gender - based violence; elimination of gender stereotypes; promotion of gender equality in external and development policies .
communication
non - discrimination and equal opportunities: a renewed commitment
. the communication establishes the framework for the commission to carry out different activities aiming to fight against discrimination
treaty of lisbon. the treaty includes enhancements to the social dimension of the european union. it adds the non - discrimination principle and equality between women and men to the values of the european union (article 2 teu) and mandates that the union shall combat discrimination and promote equality between women and men (article 3 teu).
mainstreaming is a live streaming and online video hosting service founded in 2011 and launched in italy in march 2013 . it is a supporter of the business association italy america ( baia ) . the hosting provides live streaming , video hosting service up to 4k , embedding and interaction with social media . founded in milan , italy , in 2015 q1 became independent and started to expand internationally , opening the new headquarters in san francisco and the silicon valley . 
mainstreaming is a live streaming and online video hosting service founded in 2011 and launched in italy in march 2013. it is a supporter of the business association italy america (baia). the hosting provides live streaming, video hosting service up to 4k, embedding and interaction with social media. founded in milan, italy, in 2015 q1 became independent and started to expand internationally, opening the new headquarters in san francisco and the silicon valley.
mainstreaming is a live streaming and online video hosting service founded in 2011 and launched in italy in march 2013. it is a supporter of the business association italy america (baia). the hosting provides live streaming, video hosting service up to 4k, embedding and interaction with social media. founded in milan, italy, in 2015 q1 became independent and started to expand internationally, opening the new headquarters in san francisco and the silicon valley.