cassini grid
how to convert the coordinate in cassini grid system (currently the standard use by jupem) to mapsource system (i presumed wgs84) .
keong8260 wrote: how to convert the coordinate in cassini grid system (currently the standard use by jupem) to mapsource system (i presumed wgs84) .
cassini: [ ne / e10 ] can you tell by looking at cassini that it was created on the imbrium floor before the lavas started to flow? the floor of cassini appears to be at sea level with the rest of imbrium (this would not be possible if cassini were created after the lava flows), and aside from a few obvious disturbances, much of it is quite smooth. cassini’s size (35 mi .) and the width and complexity of its ramparts suggest that its basin should have substantial depth and central mountain peaks, but it is quite shallow .
notice how cassini’s glacis, a wreathlike outer rim that would normally extend out farther, has been partially covered by the flow of imbrium lavas. cassini and archimedes (to its sw at grid # g9) share a similar history. compare them closely to see what characteristics they share in common .
i use this site to convert cassini refs. it' s pretty accurate, usually within 50m or so. urltoken
origin is bukit panau. replaced by gdm2000 kelantan grid (code 19885) .
origin is gunung blumut. replaced by gdm2000 johor grid (code 19893) .
, (encl 2 to the above study) gives examples of grid references. it is noted that the 100, 000 - meter grid square letters, an integral part of the mgrs, are not here used in the grid references. the
this is one of the early documents articulating the desire for a world - wide grid system .
the floor of cassini is covered with features, some of which can be easily seen with a small telescope, but others are quite delicate and require larger apertures and good seeing. make a rough sketch of what you see and come back in two weeks, when the sun will be coming from the opposite direction, to fill in more details. you will have no trouble with the two larger internal craters, cassini a (9 mi .) and cassini b (6 mi .). can you see how cassini a is shaped like a teardrop pointing toward the northeast? the teardrop shape was the result either of a closely spaced double impact or of an oblique impact .
hi all, it is possible to get the military grid maps. i have a full set of england, wales and scotland military grid maps, can copy areas for anyone if it helps. johng
defense mapping agency technical manual 8358. 1, datums, ellipsoids, grids, and grid referencing systems
both definitions yield exactly the same projection and grid system if you know what you' re doing .
london - listed national grid runs electricity and gas networks in the uk and the northeastern united states .
the os grid became metric as a result of the davidson report in 1938. nato was formed in april 1949 .
in response, the gmb union called national grid
naively complacent
. justin bowden, its national secretary, said :
avoiding winter blackouts with a' smart energy' revolution is fanciful nonsense. the smart grid is years away .
energy experts say that in future consumers will be able to ask for their appliances to be connected online to the grid .
cassini grid was in use by the military until after ww2, ngr was introduced pre war so you can get crossovers. the conversions are iffy and can be a fair way out. os at southampton kindly converted some for me and as one came up in the middle of a river was about 100m out, the other a little less .
take a close look at cassini under high magnification. the two tiny bumps (you might see three) just to the southwest of the largest internal crater give you a clue about the timing of the impact. cassini was at one time quite deep with central mountains appropriate to its size. the post - imbrium lavas that flooded the crater rose so high that all that is left of the once impressive central mountain peaks are these little bumps .
proposed a grid referencing system containing all the specifications of the mgrs as it is currently used. the joint intelligence committee (jic) of the joint chiefs of staff issued jic papers 410 / 1 and 410 / 2, approved 14 november 1949, prescribing the use of the universal transverse mercator grid, the universal polar stereographic grid and the military grid reference system by all branches of the armed forced for joint operations use. agao - s 061. 3 (28 dec. 49) csgid - m, issued 29 december 1949 by the office of the adjutant general, department of the army, prescribed the use of those grids and grid reference system for the department of army. army map service technical manual no. 36, grids and grid references, january 1950, elaborated the details of the military grids and grid reference system. this was subsequently replaced by department of the
the big questions are how far smart technology can ease the burden on the grid and how quickly it can make its mark .
it began life in the summer of 2004 as a very simple piece of software - written in visual basic - allowing three - way conversion between os latitude / longitude, gb national grid and cassini (delamere) co - ordinates. from there the software grew to include support for conversions to / from other projected co - ordinate systems commonly in use in great britain and ireland .
example 6 - 3 configures a transformation between geoidal and ellipsoidal height, using a hawaii offset grid. note that without the initial creation of a rule (using the sdo _ cs. create _ pref _ concatenated _ op procedure), the grid would not be used .
quote that 1960' s map that i linked to is quite unusual in using a scale of 1: 63360 (1 inch to the mile) but the the grid overlay is in 1km squares. nothing unusual about that, as any of us agéd ex - rallymen know! the ordnance survey used 1
: 1mile until the change to the 1: 50, 000 scale in 1976 (i think). military users needed a way to define a position on the map and at some stage the wo cassini grid was introduced, which was a grid of kilometres. that was still in use when some maps i have were printed in 1942. that seems to have been refined into the national grid by the time my 1947 maps were printed and of course it' s still in use
a
smart energy
revolution could help ensure that the uk does not suffer blackouts, according to national grid' s new uk chief .
“maintaining a safe and reliable supply of electricity across the grid will become more complicated as renewable energy increases its share of the energy mix. ”
technologically, the self - healing smart grid is no longer a distant dream. finding the money to build it, however, is another matter .
to support the u. s. national grid in spatial, the sdo _ geometry type cannot be used because it is based on numeric coordinates. instead, a point in u. s. national grid format is represented as a single string of type varchar2. to allow conversion between the sdo _ geometry format and the u. s. national grid format, the sdo _ cs package (documented in chapter 21) contains the following functions :
but it is not as simple as just adding more pylons and cables in areas that are currently underserved. iss suggests that all stakeholders must be involved in the planning process, so that grid planners, the system operator, grid operators and municipalities do not have to respond on an ad hoc basis .
edit > preferences > position and change the grid and datum to rso. . and u' ll find your waypoints in mapsource are in rso coordinate system
i thought the kilometre grid idea came from the french army in ww1 as a means to improve artillery results, and was then adopted by all nations .
it is a bit of a catch - 22 situation, as an effective grid can actually reduce the required generating capacity, but iss explains it could have some unintended consequences. “ [ an effective grid ] could also bring down the cost of electricity, leading to more overall energy production and higher carbon emissions. ”
, probably early 1947, contains all the specifications of the universal transverse mercator (utm) grid. this study does not mention the mgrs. a memorandum from the
the u. s. national grid is a point coordinate representation using a single alphanumeric coordinate (for example, 18suj2348316806479498). this approach contrasts with the use of numeric coordinates to represent the location of a point, as is done with oracle spatial and epsg. a good description of the u. s. national grid is available at urltoken .
information on all of the legal grid systems of the united states, its possessions and its territories are available free from the u. s. national geodetic survey. try (
but iss concludes that it is not just about increasing the efficiency of the grid or its technological sophistication, but about the overall planning that needs to go along with that .
the week of dec. 19 - 25 takes us from lunar day 21 to day 26. on monday the moon rises shortly after 11: 00 pm and on christmas day moonrise is nearly 4: 00 am. this time is reserved for highly dedicated moon observers. this week we will highlight the crater cassini .
he said a
tipping point
was arriving where it was becoming cheaper for most people to take charge of their own electricity at home and move way from the shared grid .
with south africa’s main electricity supplier struggling to keep the lights on, questions have been raised by the institute for security studies (iss) about the integrity of the country’s electricity grid .
“electricity generation in south africa is changing, but whether the power grid will be able to adapt to these changes is uncertain, ” it said in an african futures project paper called ‘gridlocked’ .
nothing wrong with the national grid - if you ask you os nicely they will send you a 20 - page document with all the maths you need to convert between ng and wgs84. : o
the datum and grid on curacao was established in 1951 and uses a local transverse mercator. the origin of the datum is
dp 8
(
dienst punt 8
or survey point 8) .
“long - term energy planning is vital to the prosperity of south africa. aligning the integrated resource plan (irp) with the national development plan (ndp) with long - term planning in other sectors is necessary to create cohesive and realistic scenarios for the future. grid planning can no longer take a back seat to energy planning – the strength of the grid is essential for south african growth, ” it said .
the institute argues that eskom is hastily increasing its generating capacity, and renewable energy is becoming more readily available, but that the national grid might not be able to keep up with the steadily - growing influx .
as the giant hazelwood coal plant turns off the last of its units, the national electricity grid manager has sought to reassure the public it is taking steps to ensure the lights stay on when demand soars next summer .
nothing wrong with the national grid - if you ask you os nicely they will send you a 20 - page document with all the maths you need to convert between ng and wgs84. or use this... urltoken
in a projected coordinate system, locations are identified by x, y coordinates on a grid, with the origin at the center of the grid. each position has two values that reference it to that central location. one specifies its horizontal position and the other its vertical position. the two values are called the x - coordinate and y - coordinate. using this notation, the coordinates at the origin are x = 0 and y = 0 .
ms shaw agreed that more investment in gas - fired power was needed, but argued that between 30% and 50% of fluctuations on the electricity grid could be smoothed by households and businesses adjusting their demand at peak times .
iss cautioned that if steps aren’t taken as quickly as possible to upgrade the grid infrastructure, south africa could see a situation where wealthy citizens turn to private electricity alternatives while the rest are left with what the state can provide .
proposed federal legislation might encourage more investment, but even if transmission capacity is added, blackouts will still occur. the entire power grid has to be refurbished, because the existing control technology—the key to quickly sensing a small line failure or the possibility of a large instability—is antiquated. to remain reliable, the grid will have to operate more like a fighter plane, flown in large part by autonomous systems that human controllers can take over if needed to avert disaster .
co - ordinate converter grew out of a practical need to convert between the projection co - ordinates used to construct ordnance survey small - scale maps of great britain from the early 20th century and the modern - day gb national grid .
defence mapping agency hydrographic / topographic center scientific data department geopositioning division geopositioning branch v details of the origin of the military grid reference system (mgrs) have become obscure with the passage of time. the earliest information available in this office, the
the challenge for national grid is to attract more companies to adopt what is known as
demand - side response
, or dsr. some firms are nervous, others have not heard of it - and business models are changing at breakneck speed .
the palestine datum of 1928 is referenced to the clarke 1880 ellipsoid (modified). three grids are found on this datum in israel, one is the palestine 1923 civil grid (cassini - soldner projection) another extremely similar is the palestine 1942 belt (gauss - kruger transverse mercator) - the northings are identical, but the eastings change with distance from the central meridian. the levant lambert zone (1920) uses the french army truncated cubic, also on the palestine 1928 datum. there exists some more modern military mapping that is utm, european datum 1950 referenced to the international ellipsoid, but i was under the impression that such 1: 50, 000 scale stuff was quite military - sensitive .
japanese electronics giant sharp is devising controls and software to allow solar storage batteries in homes to sell energy back to the grid when the demand (and price) are high. the firm says it expects the system to pay its way without subsidy by 2018 .
its imprecision, evaluated on the basis of a series of
gauged
points, varies from 5 to 30 arc - seconds, depending on the map projection used (this corresponds to and imprecision varying from 150 to 1000 meters on the field). the mathematic formulas used for the conversions are the
lambert conic near conformal = > latitude / longitude
and
cassini - soldner = > latitude / longitude
described in the guide produced by the epsg .
nope. you have to first go to geodetic cooordinates, perform a datum shift in geocentric coordinates with either a 3 - parameter or a 7 - parameter transformation, then transform back to geodetic coordinates, then to whatever grid system you want on the new datum .
in regard to sunny yemen, there are a number of datums found there. the aden datum of 1925 uses the aden lambert zone (clarke 1880). the sanaa datum uses the yemen azimuthal equidistant grid system (international), and datums with unknown grids exist as :
the puerto rico datum of 1901 is based on its origin at cardona island lighthouse with a defining azimuth to ponce southwest base. the datum is referenced to the same ellipsoid as nad 1927 which is the clarke 1866. the island is now on the nad83, and the grid parameters have changed slightly .
modern warplanes are so packed with sophisticated gear that pilots rely on a network of sensors and automatic controls that quickly gather information and act accordingly. fortunately, the software and hardware innovations required to fly the power grid in a similar fashion and to instantly reroute power flows and shut down generation plants are at hand .
the datum and grid on curacao was established in 1951 and uses a local transverse mercator. the origin of the datum is
dp 8
(
dienst punt 8
or survey point 8). the stuff i have there for wgs84 datum shifts looks really, really good. (sub - centimeter accuracy )
the 1: 50, 000 mapping of your country is on the north american datum of 1927 and the grid is utm. (that' s for nato use and is ignored by the civilians .) isn' t it comforting to know that they' re prepared to
call in
accurate artillery fire? modern civilization ...
deepa venkateswaran, from bernstein energy analysts, said :
the smart grid revolution is going to be exciting. however, there' s a time frame - we need some time to get wired up and respond dynamically, but in the short term we need new gas stations to replace some of our ageing coal stations which are going to close .
a self - healing smart grid can best be built if its architects try to fulfill three primary objectives. the most fundamental is real - time monitoring and reaction. an array of sensors would monitor electrical parameters such as voltage and current, as well as the condition of critical components. these measurements would enable the system to constantly tune itself to an optimal state .
so as i suspected, the use of the word' airfield' have nothing to do with aviation in this case. as an aside, that 1960' s map that i linked to is quite unusual in using a scale of 1: 63360 (1 inch to the mile) but the the grid overlay is in 1km squares. the wonders of creeping decimalisation !
at stake is whether the country’s critical infrastructures can continue to function reliably and securely. at the very least, a self - healing transmission system would minimize the impact of any kind of terrorist attempt to “take out” the power grid. blackouts can be avoided or minimized, sabotage can be contained, outages can be reduced, and electricity can be delivered to everyone more efficiently .
because most non - ellipsoidal height references are irregular and undulating surfaces, transformations between them are more complicated than with ellipsoidal heights. one approach is to use an offset grid file to define the transformation. this approach is implemented in epsg method 9635. the grid file has to be acquired (often available publicly from government web sites). moreover, because most such non - ellipsoidal height datums (including the geoid, sea level, and local terrain) change over time, the timestamp of an offset matrix may matter, even if not by much. (of course, the same principle applies to ellipsoids as well, since they are not static in the long term. after all, they are intended to approximate the changing geoid, msl, or terrain. )
it is highly recommended that you get a copy of sky and telescope’s field map of the moon, the very finest moon map available for use at the telescope. it is available for $ 10. 95 at urltoken and on amazon. all features mentioned in this blog will be keyed to the grid on the field map and will look like this: plato: [ nw / d9 ]
regarding performance and memory usage with epsg method 9635, at run time the grid must be loaded before the transformation of a dataset. this load operation temporarily increases the footprint in main memory and incurs one - time loading overhead. if an entire dataset is transformed, the overhead can be relatively insignificant; however, if frequent transformations are performed on single geometries, the cumulative overhead can become significant .
aggregate industries - which makes road materials - is helping to smooth spikes in the grid even though it generates no power at all. the bitumen in giant containers stored near heathrow airport can be stored at temperatures of between 130 and 185c. if a rise in demand is predicted for later in the day, the company is advised by a computer to heat the bitumen to the maximum temperature, then turn off the power until the demand - and price - subsides. aggregate is also rewarded for gobbling up extra energy when there is a glut of wind power on the grid. head of sustainibility, donna hunt, said :
i think this is a no - brainer for us because we' re saving energy. we' re not generating carbon whilst the power is off, and we' re making an income for allowing our assets to be used flexibly .
all four maps cover exactly the same area. the three historical maps have been enlarged from their original inch - to - the - mile to match the 1: 50, 000 scale of the present - day map and the addition of the familiar national grid on all four maps enables easy comparison across the four time periods. historical notes, details of the original maps used, web - links for local history societies and other sources of information are also provided .
the second goal is anticipation. the system must constantly look for potential problems that could trigger larger disturbances, such as a transformer that is overheating. computers would assess trouble signs and possible consequences. they would then identify corrective actions, simulate the effectiveness of each action, and present the most useful responses to human operators, who could then quickly implement corrective action by dispatching the grid’s many automated control features. the industry calls this capability fast look - ahead simulation .
to transform our current infrastructure into this kind of self - healing smart grid, several technologies must be deployed and integrated. the first step is to build a processor into each switch, circuit breaker, transformer and bus bar—the huge conductors carrying electricity away from generators. each transmission line should then be fitted with a processor that can communicate with the other processors, all of which would track the activity of their particular piece of the puzzle by monitoring sensors built into their systems .
the projection and datum of st. lucia, west indies: the current classical geodetic datum for your country is
dos 3 lighthouse 1955
established by the directorate of overseas surveys. (they are now part of the ordnance survey of great britain .) i do not have the coordinates of the origin or the azimuth of orientation, but the ellipsoid is the
clarke 1880, (modified )
where a = 6, 378, 249. 145 meters, 1 / f = 293. 465. the associated grid is the british west indies
bwi grid
that is based on the gauss - kruger transverse mercator projection with no special truncations. the central meridian is 62w, false easting is 400 km, scale factor at origin is reduced to 1 / 2000. eastings for your country are always greater than 500 km. , the northings are always greater than 1, 500 km. (that' s a lot of digits for your island! ! )
we (the national geodetic survey) do not have 3 - d transformation parameters, per se. transformations are accomplished using software (called nadcon). this software uses a method in which are first and second order geodetic data in the ngs data base is modeled using a minimum curvature algorithm (briggs, 1974) to produce a grid of values. simple interpolation techniques are then used to estimate
corrections between nad 83 (1986) and the' precise' nad83 (19xx) .
all the' old series', ‘revised new series’ and' popular series' maps have been carefully scanned, digitally re - projected and enlarged to match the present - day ordnance survey landranger ® series. each map is directly comparable with the corresponding ordnance survey landranger ® and uses the same sheet number and grid references, so enabling the past and the present to be compared with ease and accuracy. all the maps of england & wales in each series (123 in all) have now been published and can be ordered .
don' t get started on the national grid - it was an abor * * * * thought up by one guy... .... . but the 1: 50, 000 was known as the
one inch
( to the mile) for years... ...... ... the 1: 25000 was originally 2 and half (none of this metric rubbish with decimal points) inches to the mile i think they switched as they moved to computer databases and drawing
there is a site in geneva for the european petroleum studies group (epsg) that gives free data out on many grid systems in europe. note that switzerland does not use a transverse mercator; it uses a rosenmund oblique cyllindrical that just by chance is already programmed in proj4. european use of the transverse mercator has been 100% gauss - kruger (u with an umlaut on kruger) since the second world war. prior to wwii, there' s some pretty weird stuff (in europe) that is currently found only in the various colonies settled by the european nations .
the result is that no single operator or utility can stabilize or isolate a transmission failure. managing a modern grid in real time requires much more automatic monitoring and far greater interaction among human operators, computer systems, communications networks and data - gathering sensors that need to be deployed everywhere in power plants and substations. reliable operation also requires multiple, high - data - rate, two - way communications links among all these nodes, which do not exist today, plus powerful computing facilities at the control center. and intelligent processors—able to automatically reconfigure power flows when precursors to blackouts are sensed—must be distributed across the network .
scada technology goes back 40 years, however. much of it is too slow for today’s challenges and does not sense or control nearly enough of the components around the grid. and although it enables some coordination of transmission among utilities, that process is extremely sluggish, much of it still based on telephone calls between human operators at the utility control centers, especially during emergencies. what is more, most programmable logic controllers and remote terminal units were developed before industry - wide standards for interoperability were established; hence, neighboring utilities often use incompatible control protocols. utilities are operating ever closer to the edge of the stability envelope using 1960s - era controls .
government may be recognizing the need for action. the white house office of science and technology policy and the u. s. department of homeland security recently declared a “self - healing infrastructure” as one of three strategic thrusts in their national plan for r & d in support of critical infrastructure protection. national oversight may well be needed, because the current absence of coordinated decision making is a major obstacle. states’ rights and state - level public utility commission regulations essentially kill the motivation of any utility or utility group to lead a nationwide effort. unless collaboration can be created across all states, the forced nationalization of the industry is the only way to achieve a smart grid .
the third objective is isolation. if failures were to occur, the whole network would break into isolated “islands, ” each of which must fend for itself. each island would reorganize its power plants and transmission flows as best it could. although this might cause voltage fluctuations or even small outages, it would prevent the cascades that cause major blackouts. as line crews repaired the failures, human controllers would prepare each island to smoothly rejoin the larger grid. the controllers and their computers would function as a distributed network, communicating via microwaves, optical fibers or the power lines themselves. as soon as power flows were restored, the system would again start to self - optimize .
the grid would be costly, though not prohibitively so given historic investments. epri estimates that testing and installation across the entire u. s. transmission and distribution system could run $ 13 billion a year for 10 years—65 percent more than the industry is currently investing annually. other studies predict $ 10 billion a year for a decade or more. money will also have to be spent to train human operators. the costs sound high, but estimates peg the economic loss from all u. s. outages at $ 70 to $ 120 billion a year. although a big blackout occurs about once a decade, on any given day 500, 000 u. s. customers are without power for two hours or more .
for projected coordinate system trinidad 1903 / trinidad grid parameters: ellipsoid clarke 1858 a = 20926348 ft = 31706587. 88 links b = 20855233 ft then 1 / f = 294. 97870 and e ^ 2 = 0. 00676866 latitude natural origin 10°26' 30
n = 0. 182241463 rad longitude natural origin 61°20' 00
w = - 1. 07046861 rad false eastings fe 430000. 00 links false northings fn 325000. 00 links forward calculation for: latitude 10°00' 00. 00
n = 0. 17453293 rad longitude 62°00' 00. 00
w = - 1. 08210414 rad a = - 0. 01145876 c = 0. 00662550 t = 0. 03109120 m = 5496860. 24 nu = 31709831. 92 m0 = 5739691. 12 then easting e = 66644. 94 links northing n = 82536. 22 links reverse calculation for same easting and northing first gives: e1 = 0. 00170207 d = - 0. 01145875 t1 = 0. 03109544 m1 = 5497227. 34 nu1 = 31709832. 34 mu1 = 0. 17367306 phi1 = 0. 17454458 rho1 = 31501122. 40 then latitude = 10°00' 00. 000
n longitude = 62°00' 00. 000
w
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urn: x - ogp: spec: schema - xsd: epsg: 1. 0: dataset
urn: ogc: def: change - request: epsg: : 2009. 041
find a coordinate system and get position on a map. powered by epsg database 9. 4
the nature of the
modified british system
, built on the basis of perfectly - defined map projections, allows the development of data - processing software intended to (re) localize points or targets whose coordinates were established in this system .
the
coordinates translator
which you can discover here allows the conversion from
british modified system
coordinates, for example lz1 / vx962494, towards more
conventional
geographical coordinates (latitude / longitude) quite easy to use in digital atlases, as for the mapquest web site .
this translator works on the basis of complete
modified british system
coordinates (please have a look to the system overview and to the grids for more details) .
please note that the coordinates to be decoded must imperatively be
complete
here, i. e. include the exact reference of the square used for the determination of the position (this reference includes systematically two letters, for example: vx) as well as the numerical data corresponding to the localization of the point inside this square (four or six digits according to the precision of the localization) .
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i have the converter (cass to rso). . then u have to convert from rso to wg84 using mapsource. . email to me and i' ll send the converter (
alyem wrote: thanks bro nik for your help. will shout if i need help .
- by june 2008 - seated rae (9w2ody); by oct. 2009 - seated cw test (9m2ody) -
rudyna wrote: then, how to convert from rso to wgs using mapsourse. . ?
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news: over the graves of the druids and under the wreck of rome, rudely but surely they bedded the plinth of the days to come. behind the feet of the legions and before the norsemans ire rudely but greatly begat they the framing of state and shire rudely but deeply they laboured, and their labour stand till now. if we trace on ancient headlands the twist of their eight - ox plough.  - rudyard kipling
now and again i used to find military maps lying in the fields and ditches around dover where they' d been discarded by the troops who were training in the area. i wouldn' t know anything about the grids used but they were often coloured to show different categories of military land. i found one once drawn on a sort of waterproof material which tore easily. as they were all damaged i must have got rid of them .
i' ve just checked one for the cinque ports training area against the current os explorer map for dover, folkestone & hythe (sheet 138) .
the military maps for the uk are simply the standard os series, overprinted with additional data. for example, as already stated training areas are marked in colour, but overhead power lines are clearly indicated as are masts with their heights .
there is also an explanation on the defence of east sussex project website. urltoken susan _ f
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co - ordinate converter a web - based tool for conversions between projected co - ordinate systems commonly in use in great britain and ireland .
if you find co - ordinate converter useful and would like to make a donation for the work that has gone into making it - or for the upkeep of this website - please use the paypal link to the left. please note that this is not compulsory - co - ordinate converter is free for non - commercial use .
co - ordinate converter is written in javascript and as such could be the ideal tool for your web - based application. fully - comprehensive api documentation is available as a pdf file :
please note that use of the co - ordinate converter api is free for non - commercial purposes only. if you wish to use it for a commercial application please contact me for details and pricing. usage of the co - ordinate converter api is monitored .
in november 2007 the county series sheet references for great britain and the isle of man were incorporated into the software, introducing a new level of versatility to co - ordinate converter .
between december 2008 and april 2009 the software version was ported to the current web - based version, including support for additional co - ordinate systems, and for the first time conversion to / from gps - compatible latitude / longitude for great britain and ireland. details can be found in the co - ordinate converter
please note that the downloadable standalone version of co - ordinate converter is currently not available pending a completely revised version (no release date has yet been set) .
co - ordinate converter is copyright © 2004 - 2009 ed fielden. you may use co - ordinate converter for non - commercial use only, except by prior agreement. while great care has been taken in development and testing, the results of transformations provided by co - ordinate converter should not be relied upon for critical applications. no liability can be accepted for any loss or damage - direct or consequential - arising from the use of co - ordinate converter .
pseudo unit. format: signed degrees - period - minutes (2 digits) - integer seconds (2 digits) - fraction of seconds (any precision). must include leading zero in minutes and seconds and exclude decimal point for seconds. convert to deg using algorithm .
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old series 1832 - 1836 - published 2006 britain’s 19th - century landscape re - projected and enlarged to match the present - day ordnance survey landrangers ® these maps are based on britain' s first national mapping project, ordnance survey' s one - inch (‘old series’) maps which were first published between 1805 and 1874 .
revised new series c. 1900 – published november 2007 britain’s late - victorian landscape re - projected and enlarged to match the present - day ordnance survey landrangers® these maps are taken from ordnance survey' s revised new series (in colour) maps which were first published between 1896 and 1904 .
popular series c. 1920 - published 2007 britain’s inter - war landscape re - projected and enlarged to match the present - day ordnance survey landrangers ® these maps, printed in full colour, are taken from ordnance survey' s popular edition maps which were first published between 1919 and 1926 .
the following 4 maps, in each series, which cover the county of shropshire are held in stock .
126 shrewsbury & oswestry (matches o. s. landranger series no. 126): - only popular available including chirk, ellesmere, glyn ceiriog, llansilin, wem, pant, pontesbury, welshpool & cressage
127 stafford & telford (matches o. s. landranger series no. 127): - all 3 available including hodnet, market drayton, newport, shifnal, albrighton, eccleshall, stone, stafford and wolverhampton north
137 ludlow & church stretton (matches o. s. landranger series no. 137): all 3 available including bishop' s castle, clun, craven arms, knighton, montgomery, presteigne and tenbury wells
138 kidderminster & wyre forest (matches o. s. landranger series no. 138): all 3 available including much wenlock, bridgnorth, claverley, ludlow, cleobury mortimer, brimfield, tenbury wells, stourport - on - severn & ombersley
the' old series', ‘new revised series’ and' popular series' maps are priced at £3 each or £7. 50 for three .
each map, centred on dawley, extends from lilleshall in the n. to broseley in the s. , and from leighton in the w. to shifnal in the e. covering an area of 15km x 15km .
u. k. - £1. 50p for up to 2 maps (3 or 4 maps will be sent in 2 packages) europe - £3. 20 for 1 map or £3. 70 for 2maps * world zone 1 - £4. 20 for 1 map or £5. 25 for 2 maps * world zone 2 - £4. 20 for 1 map or £5. 35 for 2 maps *
* if ordering 3 or more maps to be sent overseas please send an e - mail (see below) to enquire about postage costs .
' shropshire family history society'. with your address / tel. no. and membership no. (if applicable) to: -
unfortunately, we do not have facilities for handling credit or debit cards at the moment, but will accept paypal at a charge - please ask when emailing .
overseas members only may pay using a dollar cheque drawn on their own account - please refer to the' shop' tab for dollar conversion rates .
lunar photos: nasa / usgs / bmdo / lroc / asu / dlr / lola / moon globe. used by permission
author and astronomer andrew planck shepherds you to the moon and its mysteries of intrigue and surprise. learn about the moon’s most fascinating objects, understand how the moon was formed and the names of many of the craters … and why they honor individuals who have changed the course of history .
in 1994 a friend of mine made a request to the pentagon for information on the origin of the utm and mgrs coordinate systems. my friend handed off the documents he received to me in 2015. i' ve scanned them into pdf files and had them retyped so they would be both more readable and searchable. i' ve also replaced a missing page and line that' s not in the pdf files .
the documents received date from the 1940' s and clearly show that the requirements of artillery gunners were the driving force in the design of map coordinate systems .
, (encl 3 to the above study) states that the specifications for a six - degree transverse mercator world - wide system were communicated to the british in october 1945. on
study and discussion of military grids by army map service and military intelligence division, office, chief of engineers, u. s. army
pprune forums > misc. forums > aviation history and nostalgia > an airfield that never was ?
whilst looking at an old map the other day i found an' old airfield' marked in an area that i was unaware of there ever having been any flying before. the map can be found at view: os seventh series, sheet 62, edinburgh - ordnance survey one - inch to the mile maps of great britain, seventh series, 1952 - 1961 urltoken and the field can be found marked at nt385682just to the south east of cousland. as well as the old airfield there is another place marked as' airfield' approximately 500m to the south. this is the appropriately named airfield farm. a google search does not bring up any history of this field other than the local community' s opposition to turning it into an opencast coal mine. on the host site for those maps i have checked older editions and it was still marked as' old airfield' in 1926 but was marked as
airfield' in 1904. strangely, it was the same on the 1898 urltoken map and it is even marked on the 1857 map. was this an old ballooning station? perhaps but i think not. if you look closer at the 1898 map you will see marked an' old windmill' adjacent to the word' airfield'. the airfield in this case i think is referring to the building immediately to the east. it seems that over time the farm has been rebuilt further to the south east and the 1904 maps have both farms marked with the same name. on the 1926 map the nw farm was marked as old airfield. so, if there never was an airfield here, how did the farm get its name? ?? ?? ? ?
flap40, it' s probably not much help, but i had a look at the ukairfields. kmz overlay on google earth and there is no airfield marked at cousland. the closest one is macmerry / penston, about 5 nm ne .
so, if there never was an airfield here, how did the farm get its name? ?? ?? ?? i suspect the reason is lost in the mists of time. but it might be significant that
air
is a word in gaelic, with several meanings but the most appropriate one here might be the preposition meaning
on
or
upon
. so
airfield
might simply be (the farm )
on the field
.
looking at the map, airfield farm appears to be at the bottom of significantly sloping ground, not too good for a runway but it does' level' out at cousland itself. a quick look at the cwgc site for cemeteries in the area does not seem to indicate many aircrew graves either .
airfield no... in the lothians dialect and particularly more and more towards stenton and east lothian there is a remnant of
field
becoming pronounced as
fiedel
. this habit was common in 19th century dialect in other parts of lowland scotland. the local name
fordel
however persists. so the proper name
field
was spoken as
fiedel
in the broad tongue and the locality became anglicised into
fordel
. cheers
but the 1: 50, 000 was known as the
one inch
( to the mile) for years... ...... ... not in my experience; the
1 - inch map
was and remains a 1: 63360 map, and the 1: 50000 map was and is a
fifty - thou
map. but i accept that anyone who is unaware that the two are different might use the wrong name .
found a little bit more about the history of the farm but unfortunately nothing about an airfield. oxenfoord mains house and boundary walls - dalkeith - midlothian - scotland | british listed buildings urltoken cheers from downunder paul
in an 1812 book, published in dalkeith
poems, chiefly in the scots dialect
thomas mannie scott of airfield is mentioned as one of the subscribers so nothing to do with airfield as we know it. you could try contacting dalkeith council for info .
royal college of art student alexandra theunissen' s lifelong efforts to master the piano were stymied by dyslexia so she used her design skills to create a new kind of musical notation to settle the score .
called dyssonance, theunissen' s design turns notes into shapes and tones into colors .
bricks of all sizes and colors are arrayed on a board that represents the musical staff .
rolling the bar over the musical staff completes circuits a circuit with an ototo microprocessor board hidden underneath .
ensuring proper note value was particularly important to theunissen. half notes, or minims, are represented as 2: 1 rectangles. quarter notes, or crochets, are squares. the 1 / 16th note, or quaver, is a triangle .
it was very important to me to visually translate the complementarity of the different rhythms ,
she says .
which, to me, is something missing in the classical score .
the notion of complementarity is perfectly expressed with two triangles forming a cube for example ,
says theunissen .
the use of technology in the design is limited to an ototo single - board microcontroller designed to help musicians develop outré instruments .
theunissen experimented with many approaches, including designs that worked more like musical instruments rather than notation devices .
can make the process feel like a cruel joke. royal college of art student
lifelong efforts to master the piano and guitar were stymied by the condition, so she resolved to use her design skills to settle the score .
armed with ototo, a single - board microcontroller designed to help musicians develop outré instruments, theunissen and collaborator guillaume germain got busy reworking musical notation for visual learners .
called dyssonance, composers array colored blocks representing notes on an oversized staff and roll a metal bar over the arrangement, like a composer waving a baton in front of an orchestra. as the bar progresses, it completes a circuit with the blocks and cues a note from a hidden speaker. geometric gershwins can make up their own tunes or crib from a stylish sheet music book that accompanies the system .
limitations on size mean the aforementioned quasihemidemisemiquaver and oversized maximas aren' t available, and the tinny speakers attached to ototo can' t match the output of a stradivarius, yet dyssonance makes the majority of the musical palette available—and approachable.
the cassini grid was a grid coordinate system used on british military maps during the first half of the twentieth century , particularly during world war ii . the referencing consists of square grids drawn on a cassini projection . for a period after the war , the maps were also used by the general public . the system has been superseded by the ordnance survey national grid . 
the cassini grid was a grid coordinate system used on british military maps during the first half of the twentieth century, particularly during world war ii. the referencing consists of square grids drawn on a cassini projection. for a period after the war, the maps were also used by the general public. the system has been superseded by the ordnance survey national grid.
the cassini grid was a grid coordinate system used on british military maps during the first half of the twentieth century, particularly during world war ii. the referencing consists of square grids drawn on a cassini projection. for a period after the war, the maps were also used by the general public. the system has been superseded by the ordnance survey national grid.