short - range agent communications
an object of embodiments herein is to provide improved short range communications between wireless devices in a wireless communications system .
hence, there is still a need for an improved short range communications between wireless devices in a wireless communications system .
fig. 6 depicts another exemplary use of short - range wireless context - determining communications system .
short - range agent communications short range agent communications (srac) are one - way or two - way short - range wireless communications used for intelligence purposes. this communications technology became possible with the arrival of the transistor and small scale integrated circuits. - video is targeted to blind users attribution: article text available under cc - by - sa image source in video urltoken
fig. 7 depicts yet another use of short range wireless signals to detect context .
fig. 7 depicts a block diagram of another exemplary use of short - range wireless context - determining communications system .
communications link for establishing the short range connection with the second wireless device based on at least one of the conditions .
when the short range connection has been successfully set up, the first communications link may be terminated. thus, in a step s8, the first communications link may be terminated upon having established the short range connection. however, according to an embodiment the first
according to embodiments the second communications link is a short range communications link. for example, the second communications link may be a wireless local area network, wlan, link, a bluetooth link, and an
communications link may or may not be terminated, thereby leaving only the short range second communications link present for communications between the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b. hence, whether to maintain or to terminate the first communications link may depend on what triggered setting up the second communications link .
communications link for establishing the short range connection with the second wireless device based on at least one of the conditions. advantageously this provides an efficient means for a wireless device to decide on whether to operate in a short range communications mode for communications with a peer wireless device. advantageously this allows existing network infrastructure and communications protocols to be used for evaluating and setting up the short range communications link. according to a second aspect there is presented a computer program for short range communications in a wireless communications system between a first wireless device and a second wireless device. the computer program comprises computer program code which, when run on the first wireless device, causes the first wireless device to perform a method according to the first aspect .
fig. 5 depicts an exemplary use of a short - range wireless context - determining communications system used to detect the presence and operation of imaging equipment .
( interface converters, short - range modems, multiplexers, surge protectors). 2008 is patton’s 25th year in business .
fig. 1 depicts a simplified schematic representation of a communication system for determining contextual surroundings using short - range wireless signals .
the unified communications agent is available for all digital and analog models of smartnode™ gateway - routers .
12. the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising terminating (s8) the first communications link upon having established the short range connection .
27 of messages with the second wireless device on the second communications link for establishing the short range connection with the second wireless device based on at least one of the conditions .
fig. 4 depicts a simplified block diagram of the functional elements of a short range wireless subscriber unit capable of both transmission and reception .
short - range agent communications - wanted item the cds - 501 was a spy radio set with built - in data encryption, developed in the us in the late 1970s. it was used by the cia for short - range agent communications (srac) in clandestine operations during the cold war. the device was captured in cuba in 1983 and is believed to have been used in central and eastern europe as well [ 1 ]. the satellite variant is known as rs - 804 .
if the communications system includes the optional communications gateway device, also powered from the power grid, that globally communicates to a worldwide communications network external to the local area of radio communication, then this gateway device may be functionally separate from all the plurality of communications agents, in which case it locally wirelessly radio - communicates with at least one agent. alternatively, this communications device may be integrated with a communications agent, in which case it is powered from the power grid identically as is the communications agent .
usually an agent who has worked for some years with the gru will have as a minimum the following elements of communication: the secret rendezvous, long - range one - way radio link, short - range radio line or special link and a system of dead - letter boxes and signals. an agent group in addition is obliged in every case to have a long - range two - way radio link .
exchanging (s6) a third set of messages with the second wireless device on the second communications link for establishing the short range connection with the second wireless device based on at least one of the conditions .
exchange (s6) a third set of messages with the second wireless device on the second communications link for establishing the short range connection with the second wireless device based on at least one of the conditions .
a complete and operational cds - 501 set was compromised by cuban security services in 1983 1 and was subsequently put under scrutiny. they concluded that the set was used for short - range agent communications (srac) by the american cia and its operatives and agents in cuba .
there were a few possible advantages to these early short - range agent communications devices (srac). srac systems could eliminate detection risks associated with face - to - face meetings. messages could be sent directly to sources, rather than left in vulnerable
dead drops
or conveyed through risky
brush passes
in public. agents could transmit instructions in text - form over short distances, using radio frequencies that were far more difficult to intercept than those used for long - range or telephonic communications .
attached to each device 102, 104, 106 and 108, is an associated, short - range wireless signal transceiver 110, 112, 114, 116 that is compatible with at least one communications standard by which the transceivers can readily communicate with each other so that the various transceivers can at least establish the presence of each other within the coverage area of the short range signals .
only one transmitter is shown in fig. 4 and depicted as simply the functionality of a modulator 412 and a modulated signal amplifier 414 as radio transmitter architecture is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. for claim construction purpose, a transmitter of short range wireless signals can be considered to be embodied as the functionality of a modulator 412 and amplifier 414. in embodiments where a subscriber unit 101 or a device 102, 104, 106 and 108 or a base station 118 and 120 can transmit both short range and long range signals, two transmitters can be provided such that each transmitter is separately coupled to the cpu. a first transmitter can transmit short range signals whereas a second transmitter transmits the longer - range signals. still other and equivalent embodiments include using a single transmitter which adjusts is output power level to one level (including also output frequency, modulation and / or information encoding) for short range communications and to another level (frequency, modulation and encoding) for long range communications .
1. 3 a two - tier wireless communications network the agents and clients of the present invention implement a
two - tier
wireless communications system. the invention may thus be thought of as a
two - tier
wireless communications system, and / or to be embodied in a
two - tier
wireless communications system. the
two tiers
are tiers of a communications hierarchy: in a first communications tier the agents communicate with other agents; in a second communications tier the local clients of each agent communicate with that agent .
summarizes the main features of the agent platforms (first column) that are usually used for developing multi - agent systems for ami environments. the set of agent platforms includes both general - purpose agent toolkits for lightweight devices (such as jade - leap or andromeda) and different agent platforms specific to an application domain or to a specific device (such as agilla [
for example, whenever agent a3 sends, agents a2, a5 and a6 are capable of receiving that signal. there is no client - - or at least no remote radio - communicating client, being that a client may be integrated with and agent - - associated with agent a3. an agent communicating with a client is, for example, agent a2 that is associated with, and that communicates with, client c2. a pair of agents associated with, and communicating with, a single client are agents a5 and a4 that communicate with client c3: agent a5 sending communications to the client c3 while agent a4 accepts communications from the client a3 .
20. the method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the short range connection is established only in case said first cqi is above a first predetermined quality threshold .
17. the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, further comprising acquiring (s14) at least one first channel quality indication, cqi, of the second communications link prior to establishing the short range connection with the second wireless device .
the embodiments presented herein disclose mechanisms for wireless devices to initiate direct - mode or device - to - device communications by exploiting the availability of the existing network coverage. based on the communications conditions between them, the wireless devices could potentially communicate more efficiently directly using alternative technologies instead of the cellular link via the central control node. a particular object is therefore to utilize an existing cellular communications link for evaluating conditions for setting up a short range connection between a first wireless device and a second wireless device on an alternative communications link. according to a first aspect there is presented a method for short range communications in a wireless communications system between a first wireless device and a second wireless device. the method is performed in the first wireless device. the method comprises exchanging a first set of messages with the second wireless device via a network node in the wireless communications system for establishing a first communications link with the second wireless device via the network node. the method comprises exchanging a second set of messages with the second wireless device via the network node for evaluating conditions for setting up a short range
forwarding said derived contextual information to a remote data collector using a long range wireless transmitter .
there is provided mechanisms for wireless devices to initiate direct - mode or device - to - device communications by exploiting the availability of the existing network coverage. short range communications in a wireless communications system between a first wireless device and a second wireless device involves exchanging messages between the first wireless device and the second wireless device, first on a first communications link via a network node and then on a second communications link. a corresponding method is provided. also a computer program, a computer program product and a wireless device are provided .
fig. 2 depicts a simplified block diagram of a short - range wireless transceiver for use with, and in, the system shown in fig. 1 and which is capable of transmission and reception .
overview of the multi - agent system (mas) architecture of the intelligent museum .
a: the main problem is likely to be the battery life for the device beneath the rock that stores the data. sending data via short - range radio is a notorious gobbler of battery power. if lots of data were being passed back and forth the useful life of the rock could be very short .
a long range wireless transmitter configured to transmit said derived contextual information to a remote data collector .
we also learnt how to use srac (short range agent communication). the agent writes a message on a laptop computer, then downloads it into the srac transmitter, the size of a cigarette packet. a receiver, usually in the british embassy, sends out a low - power interrogation signal that triggers the transmitter when the agent is close enough. for many years
garfield the cat
toys were popular with agents as their sucker feet allowed an agent to stick the transmitter on the side window of a car, giving a clear signal driving past the embassy .
each agent first locally wirelessly radio - communicates with other agents in a local wireless radio communications network, second locally wirelessly radio - communicating with local clients. the agents collectively (1) register clients to the communications mesh, (2) maintain a link to external networks, and (3) self - organizing the communications mesh. the collective agents preferably further (4) adapt wireless communications upon the mesh to any of the numbers, powers and instantaneous communications requirements of the clients then connected on and by the communications mesh .
11. the wireless communications management system according to claim 10 further characterized in that the collective agents a1 - a10 are further adapting wireless communications upon the mesh, to any of the numbers, powers and instantaneous communications requirements of the clients c1 - c4 then connected on and by the communications mesh .
according to a third aspect there is presented a computer program product. the computer program product comprises a computer program according to the second aspect and a non - volatile computer readable means on which the computer program is stored. according to a fourth aspect there is presented a first wireless device for short range communications in a wireless communications system between the first wireless device and a second wireless device. the first wireless device comprises a first communications interface arranged to exchange a first set of messages with the second wireless device via a network node in the wireless communications system for establishing a first communications link with the second wireless device via the network node. the first communications interface is further arranged to exchange a second set of messages with the second wireless device via the network node for evaluating conditions for setting up a short range connection between the first wireless device and the second wireless device on a second communications link. the first wireless device comprises a second communications interface arranged to exchange a third set of messages with the second wireless device on the second
upon completion of step s4 (i. e. when the conditions for setting up the short range connection have been evaluated) the first wd2a and the second wd 2b thus initiate communications interfaces so that messages can be exchanged on the second communications link. thus, a second communications interface 11 of the first wd 2a is arranged to, in a step s6, exchange a third set of messages with the second wd 2b on the second communications link. by exchanging the third set of messages on the second communications link the first wd 2a is able to, based on at least one of the conditions, set up the short range connection with the second wd 2b. upon completion of step s6 the second communications link has thus been established between the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b, thereby enabling wd 2a and wd 2b to exchange data via a short range connection. the process to switch over from the first communications link to the second communications link may thus generally involve messages to be exchanged in a three - phase operation; in a first phase the type of second communications link is determined and a second communications link of the determined type is set up; in a second phase the communications channel of the set up second communications link is estimated; and in a third phase (at least part of) the data payload traffic between the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b is switched over to the second communications link. the three phases will be disclosed in more detail below with references to the sequence diagrams of figs 6, 7 and 8, respectively as well as the flowchart of fig 5 .
according to one embodiment, once the new direct link has been configured, its channel quality is estimated. in a step s14 at least one first channel quality indication (cqi) of the second communications link may be acquired. the cqi may be acquired prior to establishing the short range connection .
the diagram above illustrates how the messages were sent. at the right is the agent who delivers his message to the edlb at the embassy. the embassy relays the message to headquarters (hq) via a secure satellite link. new instruction for the agent are sent by hq directly via the short - wave
on multi agent based modeling and control in large scale wireless communication systems for improved ...
7. the method according to claim 6, wherein the at least one set of priority levels relate to one of more of a geographical distance between the first wireless device and the second wireless device, a desired transmission rate for communications over the second communications link, a desired power of the transmission over the second communications link, or a desired encryption for communications over the second communications link .
an efficient scheduling mechanism for simulating concurrent events in wireless communications based ...
currently, there exist different agent platforms, which are suitable for programming and executing ami applications as multi - agent systems. in recent years, the demand for ami systems has increased enormously, and many of these systems have been effectively developed with agent technology [ 13, 20, 21 ] .
the system has a number of communication agents that first locally wirelessly radio - communicating between themselves (to such extent as wireless connectivity in a local wireless radio communications network permits). this first locally wirelessly radio - communicating is in a first communications tier separate from any other communications tier. each agent further second wirelessly radio - communicates with one or more uniquely associated clients (again to such extent as wireless connectivity in a local wireless radio communications network permits). this second wirelessly radio - communicating is in a second communications tier separate from the first and from any other communications tier .
communications link is first set up in parallel with the first communications link. as noted above, in a step s6 a third set of messages is exchanged between the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b. the third set of messages, which are exchanged on the second communications link, are exchanged for establishing the short range connection between the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b based on at least one of the conditions. the third set of messages is exchanged by the second communications interface 11 of the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b .
the flowchart of fig 4 illustrates a method for short range communications in a wireless communications system 1 between a first wireless device 2a and a second wireless device 2b according to an embodiment. the method according to the flowchart of fig 4 is performed in the first wd 2a. however, as will be disclosed below, at least some parts of the method may be performed in the second wd 2b .
bickmore t. , vardoulakis l. , schulman d. tinker: a relational agent museum guide .
fans give undrafted free agent nate orf standing ovation for going yard in first hit of his career .
the first text messaging system was developed by the cia in the 1970’s but it was ahead of its time. short - range agent communications (srac), as the sms predecessor was called, required two people be near each other with shoe - box sized devices to send messages. the anachronistic tech would actually have attracted more attention than the brush - pass or dead - drop techniques it was invented to supposedly supplant .
12. the wireless communications management system according to claim 10 further characterized in that the collective agents a1 - a10 are further authenticating visiting clients to the communications mesh .
improved simulation system performance for wireless communications using efficient multi - threading a ...
xiaowei w. (2011) the application of wireless communications and multi - agent system in intelligent transportation systems. in: zhu m. (eds) information and management engineering. iccic 2011. communications in computer and information science, vol 236. springer, berlin, heidelberg
. agents for mobile phones (the first three agent types) are downloaded and executed as mobile apps .
infrared data association, irda, based communications link. further. 5 examples include a near - fields communications (nfc) compliant link. the second communications link could provide a better option according to some criteria. such different criteria will be further disclosed below .
while fig. 2 depicts the functional elements of a “device” that is identified in fig. 1 by reference numerals 102, 104, 106 or 108 and which broadcasts and receives short range wireless signals (and that these signals include information that indicates at least the presence of the device but can also include other information as set forth above), many of the functional elements shown in fig. 2 are also found in a short - range wireless subscriber unit 101 and 103 (shown in fig. 1) .
14. the wireless communications management system according to claim 10 further characterized in that the collective agents a1 - a10 self - organizing the communications mesh are implementing the mac protocol .
15. the wireless communications management system according to claim 10 further characterized in that the collective agents a1 - a10 self - organizing the communications mesh are implementing the llc protocol .
capabilities. for example, the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b may determine their proximity to each other, and subsequently determine which type of second communications link to use. as noted above, in a step s4 a second set of messages is therefore exchanged with the second wd 2b via the network node 3. the second set of messages is exchanged for evaluating conditions for setting up a short range connection between the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b on the second communications link. the second set of messages is exchanged through the first communications interface 10 of the wireless devices 2a, 2b. according to one embodiment the evaluation is performed by the first wd 2a which in turn may initiate setting up the short range connection. according to an alternative embodiment the evaluation is performed by the second wd 2b which in turn may initiate setting up the short range connection. that is, in general terms the evaluation may be performed either by he first wd 2a or the second wd 2b, regardless of which one of th first wd 2a and the second wd 2b that initiated the exchange of the first set of messages in step s2. according to yet another embodiment, the first wd 2a may initiate setting up the short range connection although the second wd 2b performed the evaluation, and vice versa .
communications link. data transmission, which was originally transmitted and received via the first communications interface 10 of the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b and occurring over the first communications link, may thus be re - configured to be transmitted and received via the second communications interface 11 of the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b and hence occur over the second communications link. the exchange of the second set of messages for setting up the short range connection between the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b may be triggered by at least one trigger. one trigger may be a received (by either the first wd 2a or the second wd 2b) indication that the at least one second cqi (i. e. the channel quality of the first communications link) is below a second
although the agents are fully powered to forge such radio links as are necessary, clients are served by best available radio link to an agent, or to two agents (with one agent for incoming, and the other for outgoing, communications). in this case
best means
lowest power .
tradecraft means the practical skills that enable a spy to communicate with an agent without arousing the suspicion of counterintelligence .
illustrates, by means of a state transition diagram, the principal behavior of the agent. in their initialization ,
he, j. l. : development of multi - agent systems. anhui university, hefei (2004 )
2. 4 a two - tier wireless communications system in still yet another of its aspects the present invention may be considered to be embodied in a two - tier wireless communications system .
includes the features of the sol agent platform and the selfstarmas agents, which are discussed in detail in this section .
many investigation firms use custom - built devices when trying to spot insurance fraud. some have made
smart bricks
with cameras concealed in them which they toss into a suspect' s garden. typically these use short range radio to send images back to a van close by .
for presence / reachability, the smartnode™ uca streamlines deployment of unified communications into existing business networks .
the present invention still more particularly concerns power and bandwidth management for wireless communications systems, especially as are used in the home of office, that is adaptive, and tailored to communications conditions .
the gateway communications device may be of the order of a modem, globally communicating via a physical communication channel of a wire or a fiber type. the communications device may be of the order of a long range radio or optical transceiver, globally communicating via an atmospheric communication channel of the radio of free - space optical types .
communications in each of the two tiers may be, and preferably is, separately conducted from communications in the other tier - - but need not be so separated and divided. for example, in one embodiment of the
two - tier
wireless communications system of the present invention communications between agents in one tier is at a different radio frequency than communication between an agent and its associated clients otherwise transpiring in the other tier. in another embodiment of the
two - tier
wireless communications system of the present invention communications between agents in one tier transpires during a different time slice than does communication between an agent and its associated clients otherwise transpiring in the other tier. in still yet another embodiment of the
two - tier
wireless communications system of the present invention communications between agents in one tier transpires with and at different code divisions than does communication between an agent and its associated clients in the other tier. although the communication in tiers is preferably so separated and divided in any of frequency, time division or code division, the communication need not invariably be so divided. instead, the unique address of each agent and client can be relied upon. consider first the agents. when a group of agents is initially powered on, or a new agent is introduced to an existing group, all the agents will attempt to, and will - - in a manner and procedure quite normal for wireless communications - - form an ad hoc (wireless) communications network. each agent attempts to communicate with every other. some communications links are enabled; others fail. the agents serve to create ad hoc what can ultimately be expressed in a conventional connectivity diagram where, by convention, a line is drawn an the diagram between two devices that are (radio) communicating. where no communication is present, no line is drawn .
forwarding said derived contextual information to at least one of a remote data collector and a remote service provider using a long range wireless transmitter .
( ii) a wireless communications system where power and / or bandwidth is allocated efficiently, (iii) a wireless communications system distributed among and between power - grid - powered intelligent
agents
communicatively servicing battery - powered dumb clients, and (iv) a two - tier wireless communications system .
the first communications interface 10 of the first wd 2a is arranged to, in a step s2, exchange a first set of messages with the second wd 2b via a network node 3 in the wireless communications system 1. the first set of messages is exchanged for establishing a first communications link with the second wd 2b via the network node 3. upon completion of step s2 a first communications link has thus been established between the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b, thereby enabling wd 2a and wd 2b to exchange data via the network node 3. the first communications interface 10 of the first wd 2a is arranged to, in a step s4, exchange a second set of messages with the second wd 2b via the network node 3. the second set of messages is exchanged for evaluating conditions for setting up a short range connection between the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b on a second communications link. by exchanging the second set of messages the first wd 2a (and / or the second wd 2b) may evaluate (in the processing unit 5) whether or not it is possible to set up a short range connection between the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b .
the agents thus form of themselves, and without outside intervention or control, a (radio) communications mesh. this mesh, this ad hoc communications network, is the
backbone
of the two - tier wireless (radio) communications network of the present invention. communication between agents may transpire under the ieee 802. 11 standard, or the bluetooth standard, or any suitable network radio communications standard .
in step 802, the subscriber unit receiver monitors one or more radio frequencies, infrared wavelengths or audio frequencies for the presence or absence of recoverable signals. upon the detection of a carrier in step 804, a decision is made in step 806 as to whether the detected carrier signal strength is usable, i. e. , above an empirically - determined threshold indicative of whether the carrier source is within the aforementioned “short range and which is required to sustain reliable communications. ” in many instances, a marginal carrier level will result in a determination that no short - range wireless signal source is present, as shown by the return of program control to step 802 from both decision steps 804 and 806 .
1. a wireless communications system characterized in that a plurality of communication agents a1 - a10, each powered from a power grid, form a communications mesh to locally wirelessly radio - communicate between themselves in a local wireless radio communications network, with each communications agent a1 - a10 further locally wirelessly radio - communicating with associated ones of plurality of clients c1 - c4; and a plurality of clients c1 - c4, each performing an additional function other than just radio communication and with at least one of the clients being powered from a portable power source, locally wirelessly communicating by radio with at least one associated communications agent a1 - a10, and with no other client nor any un - associated agent; wherein each of the plurality of agents a1 - a10 is powered from the power grid while at least one of the plurality of clients c1 - c4 is powered from a portable power source .
13. the wireless communications management system according to claim 10 further characterized in that the collective agents a1 - a10 maintaining the link to an external networks are maintaining a link to a worldwide communications network ii .
a long range wireless transmitter configured to transmit said derived contextual information to at least one of a remote data collector and a remote service provider .
an improved multi - agent simulation model is presented in this paper for modeling resource allocation strategies in wireless communications. it is based on a novel agent negotiation methodology based on real time event scheduling extending calendar queue algorithm. the application of the new scheme in modeling gsm cellular networks shows significant enhancements with regards to network modeling performance compared to rival simulation modeling techniques .
providing any - to - any multi - path switching, security, survivability, and presence / reachability, smartnode™ unified communication agent integrates ip - based communications with existing tdm / pstn telephony and sip / h. 323 voip systems .
fig. 8 depicts steps of a method for determining the “context” surrounding a short range wireless subscriber unit, such as the one depicted in fig. 1 and identified therein by reference numeral 101 - 1, 101 - 2 and 101 - 3, the functional elements of which are depicted in fig. 4 .
the local environment or context in which a wireless subscriber unit is located at any given instant can be determined from information that is broadcast to the subscriber unit from context - determinative devices using short - range wireless signals, such as bluetooth. by using short - range wireless signals, only devices that are in relative close proximity to the subscriber unit affect the determination of the subscriber unit' s context. in one embodiment, information from devices within range of each other is used by the various devices to determine the context in which they each operate. in another embodiment, information from devices is collected by a short - range wireless subscriber unit, which preferably can be carried by a person, such as a personal digital assistant (pda), cellular telephone, pager or the like, is used to determine the context in which the subscriber unit is located. in yet another embodiment, context determinative information (i. e. , information that effects or creates or defines a “context” or from which a “context” can be calculated) is forwarded to a data collector whereat the collected information is processed to identify or calculate (and therefore “determine” context) the context whereat the subscriber unit, and possibly its operator, is located. information about the present location or context can be returned to the subscriber unit. in another embodiment, context is determined by processing information within the short - range wireless subscriber unit .
upon the mri device' s 605 determination that a subscriber unit 601 or 603 was authorized to access the device 605, remote operation of the mri can be established using the subscriber device 601 or 603 as a sort of hand - held remote, albeit via short range wireless signals, such as the bluetooth standard .
in fig. 7, a bluetooth - enabled and compliant mobile phone (cellular phone, pcs phone or smr two - way radio) enters a venue 702 and detects the short - range radio signals being broadcast by a bluetooth - enabled and compliant display kiosk 704 and a bluetooth - enabled and compliant printer kiosk 706 .
if at a later time, the subscriber unit 101 has moved to a different location, identified in fig. 1 by reference numeral 101 - 2, whereat there are no short - range wireless signals recoverable, the service provider can reasonably determine that the subscriber unit 101 has left the context proximate to the first device 102 .
alo communicating upon a worldwide communications network ii external to the home or business; wherein wireless radio communication between the agents al - a10 may be further globally communicated by the gateway device alo to the external worldwide communications network ii .
it should be apparent that from the foregoing, that by periodically broadcasting information from various kinds of equipment and devices via short - range wireless signals using a recognizable protocol such as bluetooth that the detection of such signals inherently provides usable information that is potentially useful. the resources of such equipment and devices can be more readily used and recorded .
aiello f. , fortino g. , gravina r. , guerrieri a. a java - based agent platform for programming wireless sensor networks .
a processing unit configured to recover, from said detected short range wireless signals, information that conveys at least the presence of said at least one device, said processing unit further configured to derive contextual information from said recovered information, wherein said derived contextual information includes at least information relating to one or more service capabilities of said at least one device .
communications interface 10. however, once the wireless device 2 has been activated for inter alia wlan, bluetooth or irda transmission, data packets may be forwarded between the application handler 8 and the second communications interface 11 by the interconnection module .
according to one embodiment the predetermined distance is dependent on the available alternative transmission capabilities. for example, wlan transmission may allow for a longer range than bluetooth transmission ;
interconnection module messages, illustrated by double - lined boxes in the sequence diagrams of figs 6, 7 and 8, may thus be generated and / or terminated at the interconnection module, and may hence never reach the application handler 8. when transmitted over the first communications link, the messages associated with the interconnection module may appear as regular data traffic to the network node 3. according to an alternative embodiment the wireless device 2 (and hence also the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b) is arranged to handle the message exchanges relating to establishing the short range communications without a dedicated
volume 3993. springer; berlin / heidelberg, germany: 2006. agent factory micro edition: a framework for ambient applications; pp. 727–734 .
acquiring at least one first cqi may be based on at least one probe signal which is transmitted, on the second communications link, from one of the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b and received by the other of the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b. the at least one probe signal may comprise pilot symbols known to both the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b. that is, a pair of unique probe messages may be used in each direction. the short range connection may be established only in case the first cqi is above a first predetermined quality threshold. additionally or alternatively, also at least one second channel quality indication, cqi, of the first communications link may be acquired, step s16. in fig 7 this is illustrated by the first wd 2a transmitting probes both over the first communications link and the second communications link. the probes are received by the second wd 2b which also may transmit its own probes to the first wd 2a both over the first communications link and the second communications link. thereby the cqi of the second communications link may be compared to the cqi of the first communications link. that is, one set of probe messages (either in one direction or in both directions) may be exchanged via the existing (i. e. , the first communications) path while one set of probe messages (either in one direction or in both directions) may be exchanged via the newly configured (i. e. , the second communications) direct - link. a similar value of the cqi of the first communications link and the cqi of the second communications link may indicate a sufficient quality of the second communications link. that is. the first predetermined quality threshold may be dependent on the at least one second cqi. the embodiment of estimating channel quality is not dependent on whether or not addressing and / or encryption is performed. the embodiment of estimating channel quality may furthermore be readily combined with embodiments relating to priority levels of different types of available second communications links. the result of the channel quality estimation may be used as a parameter when determining which one of the available second communications links to prioritize; the at least one first channel quality indication may thus be acquired for all available second communications links .
in order for the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b to be able to establish the second communications link a number of parameters may be exchanged, | 0 such as which type of second communications link to establish (for example by exchange of wireless capabilities), and if it is even possible to set up the second communications link (for example by exchange of positional information). further information exchange between the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b may therefore take place. different alternative wireless technologies have differing range and
the system further includes a number of communication agents. each agent is powered from a power grid. the agents first locally wirelessly radio - communicate between themselves in a local wireless radio communications network. the agents second locally wirelessly radio - communicating with the plurality of clients .
next, the same re - partitionment simultaneously beneficially conserves local radio frequency bandwidth. a client, especially a battery - powered mobile client, wirelessly communicates only with that agent to which it is electrophysically closest, normally over a distance of but a few meters. very little radio frequency power need be used and, in accordance with the present invention, is used. the communications of other clients with other agents elsewhere in the same home or business is non - interfering (by action of agent - network - controlled agent - client communication, as will be explained) .
the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b may also exchange their alternative wireless transmission capabilities over the first communications link .
an optional communications gateway device, also powered from the power grid, controls local wireless radio communication (i) between the agents upon the network and (ii) an external worldwide communications network (e. g. , the internet) .
in fig. 6, bluetooth enabled subscriber units 601 and 603 are equipped with short - range wireless signal transceivers. the subscriber units not only detect the presence of a bluetooth - enabled and compliant mri device 605 but also send signals to the mri device 605 using the short - range wireless transceiver 210 (as shown in fig. 2) with which the mri device is equipped. in such an application, the mri can determine its context with respect to the subscriber units 601 and 603 but the subscriber units 601 and 603 can also be used to control the mri 605 if the subscriber units 601 and 603 are provided with knowledge of the operation of the mri 605 by way of an equipment or device profile .
to avoid looking suspicious, those involved in the alleged data theft might have turned to a widely available gadget because the basic data transfer capabilities would have been built in and it would need minimal tweaking to get working. many phone and pda users regularly swap data, such as contact details or images, via bluetooth short - range radio or via infra - red .
long before cell phones, the cia' s office of technical service was developing what it called a short - range agent communications systems or srac. when two officers communicated securely with each other using a srac device, they didn' t need to risk being spotted in the same location, melton and wallace explain in
spycraft .
an early srac device from the 1970s had code names like “discus
and “buster ,
and resembled a large calculator and contained a keyboard with a stylus for punching in 256 characters, wallace said. using “burst transmissions ,
these systems allowed agents to transmit messages across about a quarter - mile range, communicating in bursts through coded messages that were automatically deciphered and displayed. although the signal could potentially be intercepted, this communication technique represented a significant advancement in tradecraft. “this meant that you didn' t have to meet an agent to get information ,
wallace said. “you could actually transmit it in real time .
17. a two - tier wireless communications system characterized in that a plurality of communication agents al - alo first locally wirelessly radio - communicate between themselves to such extent as wireless connectivity in a local wireless radio communications network permits, the first locally wirelessly radio - communicating transpiring in a first communications tier separate from any other communications tier, with each agent al - alo second wirelessly radio - communicating with one or more uniquely associated clients c1 - c4 to such extent as wireless connectivity in a local wireless radio communications network permits, the second wirelessly radio - communicating transpiring in a second communications tier separate from the first and from any other communications tier; and plurality of clients c1 - c4 each locally wirelessly radio - communicate in a local wireless radio communications network to one or more associated agents a1 - a10, only, with no communication transpiring to any un - associated ones of the plurality of agents a1 - a10, this locally wirelessly radio - communicating transpiring in the second communications tier; wherein the plurality of communication agents a1 - a10 are self - organizing to produce a communications mesh while each of the plurality of clients c1 - c4 is capable only of identifying, and communicating to, one or more agents a1 - a10; wherein the plurality of clients c1 - c4 become communicative from one to another only by communication links proceeding through one or more of the plurality of agents a1 - a10 .
fok c. l. , roman g. c. , lu c. agilla: a mobile agent middleware for self - adaptive wireless sensor networks .
with the help of wireless communications each automotive vehicle will be a unique node on the global communications network in the future. this vehicular communications network, in turn, will support interactions within the automobile, with the surrounding environment and directly with nearby vehicles. in summary analysis, using the multi - agent technology in the traffic control and guidance can effectively alleviate the problems which computing collaborative too concentrated and the computational load big. in traffic control and traffic guidance systems, its consultative mechanism can collaborate with multi - objective optimization goal conflicts .
predetermined quality threshold. the second communications link may thus be established to provide an alternative to the first communications link. another trigger may be that the amount of data to be exchanged between the first wd 2a and the second wd 2b is larger than a predetermined threshold. the second communications link may thus be established to add data resources. another trigger may be the availability of the second
short range agent communications ( srac ) are one-way or two-way short-range wireless communications used for intelligence purposes . this communications technology became possible with the arrival of the transistor and small scale integrated circuits . in the late 2000s computer wifi technology and usb flash drives had evolved into technologies that ordinary people can buy -- yet can be used in a similar way to srac systems . srac devices were adopted by western intelligence agencies during the cold war in the 1960s , but eastern block nations possessed and used similar technologies . the devices are miniature to ease concealment , and are capable of transmitting encrypted data . 
short range agent communications (srac) are one-way or two-way short-range wireless communications used for intelligence purposes. this communications technology became possible with the arrival of the transistor and small scale integrated circuits. in the late 2000s computer wifi technology and usb flash drives had evolved into technologies that ordinary people can buy -- yet can be used in a similar way to srac systems. srac devices were adopted by western intelligence agencies during the cold war in the 1960s, but eastern block nations possessed and used similar technologies. the devices are miniature to ease concealment, and are capable of transmitting encrypted data.
short range agent communications (srac) are one-way or two-way short-range wireless communications used for intelligence purposes. this communications technology became possible with the arrival of the transistor and small scale integrated circuits. in the late 2000s computer wifi technology and usb flash drives had evolved into technologies that ordinary people can buy -- yet can be used in a similar way to srac systems. srac devices were adopted by western intelligence agencies during the cold war in the 1960s, but eastern block nations possessed and used similar technologies. the devices are miniature to ease concealment, and are capable of transmitting encrypted data.