jeol
jeol finetech co. , ltd. and jeol engineering co. , ltd. , merged .
jeol (europe) bv is part of a world wide network of jeol companies, with their head office in akishima, tokyo .
jeol usa headquarters are located in peabody, massachusetts, just north of boston. the jeol campus houses our electron optics and analytical instruments demonstration facilities, the jeol institute, the main parts depot and service center for the western hemisphere. jeol ltd. is iso 9001 and iso 14001 certified .
jeol designs and manufactures scientific instruments for high - level research and development activities .
jeol (italia) s. p. a. , established in italy .
jeol group medium - term management plan ,
focus plan 2006
announced .
here are the developments of
yokogushi
strategies which jeol is pushing forward with .
please direct questions or comments about delta or jeol nmr spectrometers to the discussion boards .
jamp - 3 auger microprobe completed. jeol anstalt, east europe corporation, established .
jeol group medium - term management plan ,
bright plan 1000 ,
announced .
what do you think - will jeol canada, inc. grow fast? are they expanding their staff? how does jeol canada, inc. stack up against the competition ?
product guide (2012) no. 0403c278c printed in japan, jeol co. ltd .
on the 10th october 1963, mr kazato, the founder of jeol ltd japan, opened the first european jeol demonstration centre, at delviljem (london) which housed the jem 6a .
yoshimura n. (2014) history of jeol electron microscopes. in: historical evolution toward achieving ultrahigh vacuum in jeol electron microscopes. springerbriefs in applied sciences and technology. springer, tokyo
from 1954 mr jose delville operated as a representative in europe for various companies including jeol ltd .
surface analysis jeol has long led the way in surface analysis instruments with auger microanalyzers, electron probe microanalyzers (epma), and photoelectron spectrometers. jeol auger microprobes offer the highest resolution available .
jeol present at the 42nd iscc & 15th gcxgc symposium, held in riva del garda, italy .
jeol introduces the it - 500hr for seemless operation between an optical image and a hr sem image .
in 1957 jeol ltd appointed the delvil company as their exclusive representative for france and the united kingdom .
yuichi matsumoto manages jeol brasil instrumentos cientificos ltda. in sao paulo, established in 2010 to provide direct support to our growing customer base. mr. matsumoto was named president in february 2014. he has held several key positions within jeol since joining the company in 1985, including general manager of american and european sales promotion dept. of jeol ltd, general manager of jeol b. v. (benelux), managing director of jeol u. k. he received a bachelor of commerce degree from meiji university .
jeol is a leading global supplier of electron microscopes, ion beam instruments, mass spectrometers and nmr spectrometers .
jeol brasil instrumentos científicos ltda av. jabaquara, 2958 5° andar conjunto 52 04046 - 500 são paulo sp
jeol usa, inc. , a wholly - owned subsidiary of jeol ltd. japan, was incorporated in the united states in 1962. the primary business of jeol usa is sales of new instruments and peripherals and support of a vast installed base of instruments throughout the united states, canada, mexico, and south america .
looking into solar energy? ebsd image of solar thin film. learn more about energy applications for jeol microscopes urltoken
dr. isabell heads the transmission electron microscope product division of jeol usa. since joining jeol in 2003 as assistant product manager, tom has worked closely with the jeol usa tem group, jeol ltd. in japan and with jeol customers to help keep the company at the forefront of tem technology in materials and life sciences research. prior to joining jeol, dr. isabell held positions in business development at emispec in tempe, arizona and applications support at fischione instruments in export, pennsylvania. dr. isabell received a b. s. in materials science and engineering from the university of minnesota and a ph. d. in materials science and engineering from northwestern university .
not all jeol industrial equipment products are available in every country. for specific information and more details about jeol products available in your area, contact the ie international business office at sales - ieg @ urltoken. thank you .
jeol, a world - leading high - end scientific instruments manufacture, provides a wealth of applications and technical information .
gatan xum x - ray image of a mosquito leg shown in today' s workshop at jeol usa in peabody .
following the success of this meeting, the first orders in the uk were recorded for jeol' s jem 6a .
the jeol usa organization is comprised of 300 employees, 180 of whom are field service personnel, for jeol makes customer service and support a top priority. additionally, applications specialists, technical support, sales and marketing, product management, training instructors, and administrative personnel are a committed team of people dedicated to making jeol an outstanding supplier of scientific instruments .
we at jeol usa welcome those interested in the latest news about our electron microscopy, nmr, and m ...
on 1st april 1971, the company' s name was officially changed to the current name jeol (uk) ltd .
mr. arima oversees all jeol usa service operations throughout the americas. service and support is of utmost importance to jeol, and in addition to 12 service offices in the us, the company has service offices in canada, mexico, and brazil .
jeol challenged developing em, a little bit later. the birth of ad - 1 em, assembled on a wood table, was the debut of our company, jeol. it was september 1947, a few years after the end of the pacific war .
as managing director, katsumoto yaguchi oversees north and south american operations and acts as liaison between jeol ltd. and jeol usa, inc. he manages strategic human resource allocations of japanese company transferees and takes initiatives in financial and other business decisions. he has held several key positions in business planning and finance since joining jeol ltd. in 1982, upon graduation from aoyama gakuin university with a bachelor’s degree in management engineering. before relocating to the u. s. he managed the finance & information technology division at jeol ltd .
gc - tofms application: comprehensive analysis + unknown component analysis of coffee samples using headspace gc - ms | applications | jeol ltd .
the jeol delta / nmr support web site provides support for users interested in the delta nmr software package and jeol' s nmr spectrometers. the web site includes delta nmr software kits for nmr data processing only and kits for jeol nmr spectrometer control with data processing. areas for delta license key generation, discussion forums, faq' s, and documentation downloads are also available on this web site .
industrial equipment jeol’s advanced electron beam and plasma technologies are used to create high - quality, high - performance optical films and plating .
robert santorelli, chairman emeritus, has held the positions of chairman of the board, president, ceo and coo during his 35 - plus years at jeol usa, inc. additionally, he has served as president of jeol' s subsidiary companies in mexico and canada .
jeol mexico sa of c. v. arkansas 11 piso 2 colonia nápoles delegación benito juárez c. p. 03810 mexico d. f .
medical equipment jeol’s innovative, cost - effective systems for medical diagnoses and analyses integrate routine clinical chemistry, hematology, immunodiagnostics, and laboratory automation .
jeol ltd. express ourselves that we as jeol ltd. and any of our affiliates have concluded no agency relationship and no contractual relationship with ervin danesh aryan company in islamic republic of iran on our manufactures and sell, services and any others in all cases in the past and current business .
in 1975, mr. kazato stepped down and mr. tadao kasei took the presidency of jeol. the new president, mr. kasei, took into consideration the valuable role which the kazato research foundation had played in the field of electron microscopy, and also had an idea to preserve the name
kazato
in respect for the founder of jeol. he decided to donate jeol' s funds to support the foundation which was suffering from the shortage of funds. this policy was inherited by jeol' s successive presidents, and jeol has been backing the foundation by donating funds regularly. the sum of jeol group' s donation amounted to 276, 300, 000 yen up to 2015. the number of presentees and the amounts of grants by year are shown in the following table. since 1969, the presentees and grants totaled 611 and 193, 260, 000 yen, respectively .
jeol usa, inc. - scanning electron microscopes, transmission electron microscopes, scanning probe microscopes, mass spectrometers, nmr spectrometers, and semiconductor tools .
jeol (europe) bv - scanning electron microscopes, transmission electron microscopes, scanning probe microscopes, mass spectrometers, nmr spectrometers, and semiconductor tools .
how much do jeol usa employees make? glassdoor has salaries, wages, tips, bonuses, and hourly pay based upon employee reports and estimates .
customers, employees and colleagues have come to know bob' s counsel, dedicated to corporate values of stability, honesty and integrity. along with his new role as chairman emeritus, he will serve as the senior advisor to support both jeol usa and jeol ltd. (tokyo) business activities .
as the biggest global supplier of electron - optical and analytical systems, jeol has been your experienced partner for innovative research and development for over 60 years. jeol’s professional expertise accompanies you from sales, through training and application to service. products and services at the highest level - tailor - made for individual requirements. open up the numerous possibilities and application areas of jeol systems for your company objectives too. a future - oriented investment that is worthwhile .
that is why i left the first company in chiba. we founded the company in tokyo, in 1949. this was the actual start of jeol .
in july 1990 jeol (uk) ltd moved to their current office and demonstration centre in welwyn garden city, hertfordshire with a compliment of 52 staff .
since 1949, the jeol legacy has been one of outstanding innovation in developing instruments used to advance scientific research and technology. jeol has 60 years of expertise in the field of electron microscopy, more than 50 years in mass spectrometry and nmr spectrometry, and more than 40 years of e - beam lithography leadership .
named president of jeol usa in 2009, mr. genovese has held key positions in the jeol sales organization for 25 years. he most recently served as vice president and general manager of the sales and marketing division for electron optics and analytical instrumentation. his responsibilities at jeol have previously included management of the new england regional sales for electron optics, and assistant sales manager of jeol usa' s regional sales offices. mr. genovese received a b. s. in economics from boston college and an executive m. b. a. from suffolk university, and is a member of several microscopy societies throughout the u. s .
jeol instrumentation can be found in many laboratories, including diagnostic pathology research laboratories. our customers also include numerous medical centers, hospitals and institutes located in mexico .
ch - nmr - np (13 c and 1 h nmr database of natural products) the ch - nmr - np system is powered by jeol ltd .
promoted in 2006 to the board of directors, mr. pohorenec is general manager of operations at jeol usa. he oversees management of jeol usa inventory, procurement, logistics, accounting, information technology and related operational functions as well as two engineering groups. he has held several positions at jeol since joining the company in 1984 as a service engineer in the dallas, texas office. throughout the 1990s and until recently, he held management positions in jeol' s u. s. products manufacturing division. he is a graduate of northeastern university with a b. s. in operations technology, and received electronic engineering technical training at devry institute .
jeol (europe) bv offers sales, service, support and applications training for a wide range of jeol of scanning electron microscopes (sem), scanning probe microscopes (spm), transmission electron microscopes (tem), nmr spectrometers, esr spectrometers, mass spectrometers, amino acid analyzers and semiconductor process equipment. as one of the worlds leading suppliers of scientific equipment, we are proud to offer our customers the highest level of sales and technical support maximizing their investment in jeol products .
lithography jeol has produced lithography tools for more than 40 years, and offers semiconductor manufacturers a comprehensive line of e - beam systems for photomask and direct write, as well as a lineup of wafer inspection tools. jeol semiconductor equipment is backed by award - winning 24 / 7 service support and long - term commitment to our customers .
early in his career, after graduating from the institute of vocational training in electronic engineering in 1984, mr. arima developed epma and fe - sem instruments at jeol. he became a senior engineer in development of sem and tem products at jeol usa in 1996, and returned to japan in 2005. in 2012 he was promoted to assistant general manager in the electron microscopy business unit at jeol global headquarters. we are pleased to have mr. arima back in the usa working closely with us again .
every business has its own style. what is the office environment and culture like at jeol canada, inc. ? are people dressed in business casual, ...
what are the average starting salaries, bonuses, benefits and travel requirements like at jeol canada, inc. ? what do you like best about working at ...
kazato and ito are the founders of jeol, a firm specializing in the design and manufacture of electron microscopes. after studying electrical engineering in the navy kazato became interested in electron microscopes, which were then little known in japan. after the war, he formed jeol with ito and struggled to manufacture the company' s first products. eventually, jeol became a highly respected firm in the field. the two discuss both engineering and management issues and focus on the problems of international business in the electron microscope field .
the jeol arm300cf is an atomic resolution electron microscope, with both stem and tem cs correctors providing a stem - haadf resolution of 47 pm and a tem resolution of 50pm .
the jsm - it500hr, based on the highly successful and award winning jeol intouchscopetm series, is equipped with a high - brightness electron gun and fully integrating jeol’s energy dispersive x - ray spectrometer (eds). this revolutionizing jsm - it500hr is a superb high throughput sem, delivering a dramatically improved work efficiency (40% or higher than conventional models) .
census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your jeol ancestors, such as occupation. occupation can tell you about your ancestor' s social and economic status .
do you work at jeol canada, inc. ? how did you find the job? how did you get that first interview? any advice for someone trying to get in ?
ch jeol (germany) gmbh tödistrasse 60 8002 zürich switzerland phone: + 41 4428 36124 fax: + 41 4428 36123 e - mail: info @ urltoken internet: www. urltoken
jeol’s technology, experience, collaborating business philosophy and service expertise has made us the preferred corporate supplier for domestic industry. our teams are used widely and successfully in market areas such as :
the jsm - it500hr, based on the highly successful and award winning jeol intouchscope ™ series, is equipped with a high - brightness electron gun and fully integrating jeol' s energy dispersive x - ray spectrometer (eds). this revolutionizing jsm - it500hr is a superb high throughput sem, delivering a drmatically improved work efficiency (40% or higher than conventional models) .
the jsm - it500hr, based on the highly successful and award winning jeol intouchscope ™ series, is equipped with a high - brightness electron gun and fully integrating jeol' s energy dispersive x - ray spectrometer (eds). this revolutionizing jsm - it500hr is a superb high throughput sem, delivering a dramatically improved work efficiency (40% or higher than conventional models) .
in 1968, mr. kenji kazato, the founder and the first president of jeol, had an idea to return to society the benefits he had received since his founding jeol for manufacturing electron microscopes. he donated 100, 000 shares of jeol' s stock in his possession, in commemoration of jeol' s 20th anniversary. in response, some of the leading members of the japanese society of electron microscopy consulted with their close friends on how to make the most of his donation. they decided to establish a foundation to promote the research in electron microscopy. in september 1968, the organizing committee for the establishment of the kazato research foundation was formed and the committee adopted the prospectus of the foundation. the members of the organizing committee were as follows :
jeol - - a world leader in electron microscopes (sems and tems), electron beam lithography, defect review and inspection tools) and analytical instruments including mass spectrometers, nmrs and esrs .
the jeol resonance inc. nor dr. hayamizu assume no responsibility whatsoever for any direct or indirect damage, loss, prejudice or emotional distress caused by use of' ch - nmr - np' .
census records can give you a fascinating window into the day - to - day lives of your jeol ancestors - like hours worked per week, level of education, veteran status, employers, and more .
analytical instruments jeol is renowned for innovations in mass spectrometry. we introduced the direct analysis in real time (dart) open air ion source as well as the first maldi - tof / tof of its kind. we offer exact mass, high resolution lc / ms and gc / ms. jeol has a long history in the field of nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and electron spin resonance (esr) .
collette joined jeol usa’s management team in 2009 and skillfully navigated us through a variety of complex employee relations initiatives. her innovative approach to human resources management contributed to the enhancement of our employee programs and communication channels .
i never went to the usa before the war. however, i understand more or less what the u. s. culture is. i think this is very important for jeol start - up and the development .
mr jose delville established a company - delviljem (london) at fir tree house, headstone drive, wealdstone, middlesex which became the official jeol distributor for the uk. dr kay was appointed managing director of delviljem .
stephane jeol has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. this listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the united states patent and trademark office (uspto) .
jeol bv is the distributor in the benelux countries for nanalysis benchtop nmr. clicking on the above link will bring you to the nanalysis website. for more information contact us, or download the brochures from our download section .
on the basis of creativity, and research and development, jeol [ the name of the company ] positively challenges the world’s highest technology thus forever contributing to the progress in both science and human society through its products .
jeol designs and manufactures scientific instruments for high - level research and development activities. our customers include scientists and engineers working in leading - edge academic and industrial laboratories around the world. jeol products and services enable them to pursue a variety of r & d applications that require high resolution imaging and analytical capabilities such as: basic observation and analysis, environmental science, information technology, semiconductor production, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and a broad range of industrial endeavors .
there' s a scanning electron microscope. in the united states, there is no manufacturer of the transmission electron microscope, so the transmission electron microscopes are imported from japan and the netherlands. the scanning microscope, the us has a supplier. it' s called amray. internationally, for the transmission electron microscope, there are only three suppliers. jeol, hitachi and philips. the scanning microscope has a few more. in the united states, it is amray. for the scanning microscope, the other big players are jeol, hitachi and toshiba subsidiary. in europe there are cambridge zeiss and leica. this kind of company. but the big players are, jeol, hitachi, and philips .
fi, gl, is, no, se jeol (nordic) ab hammarbacken 6a se - 19127 sollentuna sweden phone: + 46 828 2800 fax: + 49 829 1647 e - mail: info @ urltoken internet: www. urltoken
mr. arima returned to jeol usa headquarters in 2017 to ensure continued quality of service and support for our microscopy and analytical instruments and to help strategically enhance our products and service as a liaison to the company' s global headquarters in japan .
scanning electron microscopy jeol scanning electron microscopes offer the ultrahigh resolution and versatility that empower today' s microscopist to image and characterize a new generation of nanomaterials, capture biological details, analyze forensic evidence, create nanopatterns, and pinpoint problems in manufacturing processes .
from our office in welwyn garden city, hertfordshire, jeol (uk) ltd offer sales, support and applications training for a wide variety of scanning electron microscopes (sem), scanning probe microscopes, transmission electron microscopes (tem), nmr spectrometers, esr spectrometers, mass spectrometers, amino acid analysers and semiconductor process equipment. as one of the worlds leading suppliers of scientific equipment, we are proud to offer our customers the highest level of sales and technical support maximising their investment in jeol products .
jeol (uk) ltd continues to market a wide variety of scanning electron microscopes, scanning probe microscopes, transmission electron microscopes, nmr spectrometers, esr spectrometers, mass spectrometers, amino acid analysers and semiconductor process equipment in the uk, irish republic and uk territories .
jeol bv is the representative of spi supplies for the benelux. above link will bring you to the home page of spi supplies. please select the products you need and contact us, mentioning the spi product number. we will come back to you asap with a quotation .
chris rood joins the management team after nearly 15 very successful years as the sales manager of the southwestern united states for jeol usa. chris has a background in electron microscopy and ran the sem lab at sandia national labs before coming to work for jeol usa as an application engineer. chris has a degree in geophysics from uc riverside and an mba from santa clara university. as the national sales manager, chris will oversea sales activities for all products in north america. with his positive attitude and easy demeanor, chris is a welcome addition to the usa management team .
sample preparation jeol leads the way in cross section preparation solutions for difficult materials, including composites, oil shale, coatings, paper, and solar panels. our sample preparation tools include fib for micro milling and imaging for semiconductor and composite materials, and a vacuum evaporator for carbon coating .
jeol, ltd. , based in japan, is a global supplier, researcher and developer of scientific instrumentation and industrial equipment used in the fields of optical communication, nanotechnology, life sciences, forensics and biotechnology. the firm offers products in three primary categories: scientific... . .
an unusually short lifespan might indicate that your jeol ancestors lived in harsh conditions. a short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. the ssdi is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. you can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and more .
jeol, ltd. , based in japan, is a global supplier, researcher and developer of scientific instrumentation and industrial equipment used in the fields of optical communication, nanotechnology, life sciences, forensics and biotechnology. the firm offers products in three primary categories: scientific... .. see more
collette’s credentials bridge over 20 years as a senior manager with responsibilities in all functional disciplines of human resources. promoted to jeol’s board of directors in april 2014, the addition of collette’s expertise, insight and judgment will provide an important dimension to the board of directors and a new perspective to its deliberations .
in december 1968, the establishment of the kazato research foundation was approved by the ministry of education, science and culture. then, in january 1969, the registration of the foundation was completed. when the foundation was established, it was administered by four trustees and two auditors, all of who were the members of the organizing committee. among 100, 000 shares of jeol' s stock donated by mr. kazato, 50, 000 shares were sold in the market for 22, 984, 500 yen during the formal process of establishing the foundation. among 22, 984, 500 yen, 20, 000, 000 yen was used for the endowment of the foundation, together with the remaining 50, 000 shares of his donation. later, the endowment from jeol' s stock was increased by 29, 200 shares due to the capital increase of jeol, amounting to 79, 200 shares at present .
transmission electron microscopy jeol innovations in transmission electron microscopy are legion, ranging from ultrahigh resolution optics with spherical aberration cs correction for atom - to - atom characterization, to advanced 3d tomography for the life sciences. our tems enable researchers to investigate samples using cryotomography, stem, mds, eds, edxa and eels .
coffee - complex and aromatic (thanks to pyridine, just one of the components). jeol examined coffees from 4 regions using the accutof - gcx for a new technique: non - targeted analysis combining comprehensive analysis (using high resolution gc - ms) and unknown component analysis (using soft ionization and ei). urltoken
jeol ltd japan established jeolco (uk) ltd. incorporated on 26th september 1968, with dr k ito appointed as managing director of jeolco (uk) ltd at the first b. o. d meeting held on the 3rd october 1968. the company initially operated from the same office at 4 shakespeare rd, finchley .
our customers include scientists and engineers working in leading - edge academic and industrial laboratories around the world. jeol products and services enable them to pursue a variety of r & d applications that require high resolution imaging and analytical capabilities such as: basic observation and analysis, environmental science, information technology, semiconductor production, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and a broad range of industrial endeavors .
which do you prefer - touch screen or traditional controls? when jeol introduced the intouchscope sem 2 years ago with a touch screen, we still offered keyboard, mouse, and knobset. the benchtop sem neoscope now offers touchscreen, and so will our newest model sem coming soon! here' s an article from r & d about the growth of touch screen control. urltoken
as one of the leading manufacturers of scientific instruments, jeol supplies a broad spectrum of electron - optical systems and components. electron microscopy, the company' s core competency, has been making key contributions to the continuous development of scientific and industrial research for more than 60 years. the analysis of biological and material samples thus now enables high - quality resolutions into the atomic range, as well as the most accurate and realistic images of microscopic details to magnifications up to hundreds of thousands of times. jeol microscopes are easy to operate, flexible to use and extremely high quality. they therefore play a significant role worldwide in the development of new products and materials, quality assurance, forensic examinations, biology, material characterisation and many other fields of application .
thank you for your interest in jeol (uk) ltd. we are a leading supplier of scanning electron microscopes (sems), transmission electron microscopes (tems), scanning probe microscopes (spms), mass spectrometers, nmr spectrometers, and semiconductor tools for scientific and industrial purposes. we provide applications - specific solutions that advance our customers' diverse objectives — from routine analysis of organic and inorganic specimens to breakthroughs in nanotechnological development .
thank you for your interest in jeol (europe) bv. we are a leading supplier of scanning electron microscopes (sems), transmission electron microscopes (tems), surface analysis equipment (aes, xps), mass spectrometers, nmr spectrometers, and semiconductor tools for scientific and industrial purposes. we provide applications - specific solutions that advance our customers' diverse objectives — from routine analysis of organic and inorganic specimens to breakthroughs in nanotechnological development .
in 1956 the first jnm - 1 nmr instrument was released by jeol (at that time, japan electron optics laboratory co. ltd .). 1h resonance freuqency of the cw nmr system was abe to choose among 4, 12 and 32 mhz. a spectrum was displayed on an oscilloscope, and a strip chart recorder (recording onto paper tape) was used to print the results. three separated 1h signals of ethyl alcohol were observed at 32 mhz (7, 680 gauss) .
at that time i met professor borries, one of the inventors. unfortunately he died early, so he couldn' t be awarded the nobel prize. his partner ruska received the nobel prize. after the war borries left siemens and created his own research laboratory. i think there was some support from siemens. he wanted to design the electron microscope, make it, and then sell it. he said that the jeol was the ideal of his ambition, because we had a technical group, a factory, and a sales plan. unfortunately he couldn' t do that because he died so early .
jeol is the world leader of electron optical and analytical instrumentation for scientific and industrial r & d. ; we provide a suite of products and innovative solutions used by scientists working in a variety of applications around the globe. our office in mexico has been active with sustained growth since 1973 when the first instrument was installed locally. from that time to the present, we have achieved market preference and are known as the no. 1 supplier of electron microscopy in the region, partnering with customers in academic, industrial, and government laboratories. applications, technical, and service expertise is also available. what can we help you achieve ?
the initial projections that a handful of electron microscopes would saturate the worldwide market proved to be grossly pessimistic, and many companies entered the fray. rca was by far the leader in north america, with its electromagnetic lens technology, technological expertise, and corporate support for electron microscope development. general electric tried to compete for a while with its line of electrostatic electron microscopes. metropolitan vickers in england (later associated electrical industries) produced the e. m. 1 invented by professor l. c. martin at imperial university as early as 1936. philips, siemens, and carl zeiss each tried to grab a share of the european market. starting in 1939, scientists in japan gathered to decide on the best way to build an electron microscope. this group evolved into the japan electron optics laboratory (jeol) that would eventually produce more models and varieties of electron microscopes than any other company. hitachi and toshiba in japan also played a major role in the early development process .
the two interview subjects discuss the founding of the company in post - world war ii japan, the development of new products, and early sales to japanese universities and research institutes. particular emphasis is given to such issues as the difficulties of establishing overseas markets and competition from foreign firms such as siemens, rca, and philips. a second important theme is the nature of small - scale, precision manufacture of electron microscopes customized to meet particular buyer' s needs .
interview # 199 for the center for the history of electrical engineering, the institute of electrical and electronics engineers, inc .
this manuscript is being made available for research purposes only. all literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to the ieee history center. no part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the director of ieee history center .
request for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the ieee history center oral history program, ieee history center at stevens institute of technology, castle point on hudson, hoboken, nj 07030 usa or ieee - history @ ieee. org. it should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user .
kenji kazato and kazuo ito, an oral history conducted in 1994 by william aspray, ieee history center, hoboken, nj, usa .
[ note: ito translates for kazato as well as giving his own answers. yuzo takahashi was also present. ]
can i ask each of you in turn to tell about your early careers up to the time that you started working on the microscope? then i' ll ask you both to comment on questions as we go from there. mr. kazato, would you be willing to go first? would you tell me about your early life and your schooling? what kind of family you came from? did you have a science and engineering background in your family ?
i graduated from the navy' s engine school: there were several navy schools. normal officers school, engine school, and accounting school. i was one of the engineering officers on many battleships. by the way, my mother' s uncle lived in the usa. he emigrated to the usa in the 1870s, and died at the age of one hundred and two around 1950, in the era of president eisenhower .
my elder sister has two nationalities, american and japanese. my father went to the usa around 1899, and he came back here in 1915. i was born in japan .
when i was in the navy, i was a battle officer, but i realized how different the levels of technology were in japan versus the us. we were very inferior, and i believed that without this technology, we would never be able to win. in fact, we couldn' t. anyhow, that was my conviction. so i asked to transfer from the battleship to the laboratories. this was very exceptional because this kind of officer was normally on ships .
research job is for a completely different type of officer. but i wanted to transfer to a laboratory. first i was sent to the fuel depot. there was a special factory, which tried to deal with artificial fuel. i was transferred there. then later, i requested another transfer, so i went to the naval central institute. it was in tokyo. this institute was really the key of the basic naval research centers dealing with torpedoes, sonar, radar, guided missiles and so forth .
i wanted to go back and ask a question about the navy engineering institute. what kind of education, what courses of study did you get, and how good was the education ?
the education was specialized in the engine. certainly we had the best training of engineers. we had other military drills, running, english, and mathematics, etc .
oh no. at the final time before the war, or during the war, kazato was at the naval central institute. i also joined this institute .
my case was very simple. i was born in kyoto. i graduated from high school, and then tokyo university — in the science department, in physics. normally, my career would have been in research, just like a professor, or in some research institute. this would have been a normal career. but since this was during the war, i was induced to join the navy institute, and my title was engineering officer. a special title. after two years, i would be a civilian researcher in the navy. kazato was related so much to the us, but in my case, no. i had no such background .
my father and grandfather were medical professors. my grandfather was educated in germany. when he returned from germany, he became the first professor of kyoto university' s surgical department .
it never flew. we had information from germany about their two missiles at the end of the war. we had all the documents about these missiles, so we started to experiment .
both. fire control and also the guided side. he came from the guided side. i am a physicist, but i got into the missile engine side .
there were many people and lots of activity in wireless and electronic engineering at the research institute. these people all joined many places. some to nippon telephone and telegraph corporation, or international telephone and telegraph corporation, but i didn' t follow this kind of course. instead, i wondered what i could do at the time. i wanted to do something for japan’s future. during the war, actually a little bit back, when i was in the navy at kure in hiroshima prefecture, i found a small book on the electron microscope. i didn' t know what the electron microscope was, so i bought the book .
i hoped that it could be suggestions for the improvement of weapons, but it had no relation to weapons. so, i kept just it .
yes, and forgot about it since it did not relate to weapon technology. after the war ended, i had to leave the navy. i found the book again. i read it, god suggested ,
this is the work i should do .
inspiration, that' s the word .
at the time we had all possible problems, including not enough food to eat. we were in the middle of disaster, so the electron microscope, at that time in japan, seemed no help at all. i believed, however, that this kind of instrument would be necessary and useful for the future of japan. japan is certainly a very small island, and a hundred million people lived on this one small island. how could we live, how could we survive? we didn' t have any resources. we could import all the resources, oil and minerals. then we needed to get some materials and work on them with machines and then export. this was the only way. industry was the way of the future for japan. without good materials we could not make good products. i believed the electron microscope would be very important for improving the material .
i see from your personal history that it was very quickly that the business was established. by april of 1946. how did you have the resources to do this ?
until we built the first microscope, it was a very, very hard time because we had nothing to sell. after one instrument was completed, the only way to survive was to sell it .
so we tried and we sold. selling was the only way to keep our living. we didn' t have any big resources or money given from elsewhere. we just earned it and spent it by investing and making more. this had a spiral effect .
it spiraled on, yes. how large was the operation at first. how many people ?
starting from several. kazato had this initiative, and i joined. another two or three people joined together. i am a physicist, and we had electrical engineers, mechanical engineers, and a chemist. the key members were all there at the beginning. i think we had a total of twenty people .
it is kazato’s native place. i joined, after receiving his letter, saying that he wanted to start this company. i was on my way living with my parents. after the war i had nothing to do. i wanted to leave my parent’s home by any means .
if his letter had arrived a little bit later, i' d have joined another research laboratory, the national institute of machining. actually, i had two offers. his offer was first, so i joined him .
a backer for the business. we were living in a building that belonged to the navy. it was a clubhouse for navy sub - officers .
it had big rooms. the ground floor became the factory and the first floor the living quarters .
exactly. the electricity was not dependable. it was down quite often. if it was cut, we slept there. if it came back on at midnight, you came down and worked .
i owned the factory. my family still has a stationery shop in chiba mobara city. i got some support from this, but certainly i also got a backers' money. i had the navy contacts, and in navy circles i could find backers. so money came from that source. however, this money was not free .
right. i didn’t agree with the backers about the operation of the company .
it lasted several years, but it didn' t have any key technical people .
i don' t think he did that. he just tried to survive .
but you said that he brought together some twenty people or so to work in the company, of all kinds of different backgrounds .
we believe that the majority was from the navy, and several navy people played a key role .
we didn' t want to use the other people' s money. so money should come only from our work .
so we got the purchase order of the electron microscope, then got a loan from the bank. you know, with this new company, no one believed we could build a new kind of microscope. several people left the old company, then we were just barehanded, nothing. i concentrated to make the first electron microscope here so that they could understand how i could do that. i got a loan from my mother. this was a race against time, to see how quickly we could make the microscope, and how quickly we could get the purchase order. fortunately we succeeded. the first parts orders came from yamanashi university, and we are very much indebted for this .
they were not at all academic organization. the purchase orders always came with some special requests. we tried our best to satisfy the customers and get the money. i think in some way this is the best kind of achievement we made. we didn' t think we could do anything very remarkable in scientific or other technical achievements. we completed the electron microscope, yes, but this was not only basic research. we were asked, for example, whether the resolution should be thirty angstroms, ten angstroms, five angstroms, three angstroms, or one angstrom. we had to try our best to satisfy the customers .
actually, no. we didn' t have any research contracts. we didn' t have that kind of capability. his conviction to start the electron microscope was difficult to understand for me as a physicist. but i admired his conviction, and through all his career, he kept this conviction. this was not so easy .
after the war, the occupying forces had certain restrictions on the kind of research and development that you could do. were there restrictions on your company ?
besides, the electron microscope was not restricted. i’ll tell you another story. this was not directly related to the success of the company, but indirectly, yes. the interest of the electron microscope could already be seen here during the war. during the war i read a little history. of course, i didn' t know they would start a company. but our scientific community received a report from dr. ruska and borries, the inventor of the electron microscope. they said it had obtained a higher resolution than the optical microscope. this created a lot of enthusiasm in japan. i don' t know how it did, really. then japan created a special task force, but the important thing was the budget. the budget was about eighty thousand yen; it would be about a million dollars today. during the war, money was very scarce, but i appreciate the money that was given to the electron microscope .
the government money was distributed to all the universities, toshiba, hitachi, and all of these companies. surprisingly, when the war ended, it was said that twenty microscopes were working in japan. this is an unbelievable number. this is a very important fact: it was not a very useful microscope, but the basic training, basic understanding, research, and basic physical background, was already done during the war .
no. they were very prestigious people from big institutions. they had no interest in working with us. of course, we didn' t know that and did not know this task force existed .
no. after the war interest in the electron microscope continued, and the educational ministry spent money every year to equip the university. so at least the market was there .
yes. bacteriologists of kyoto university, an electrical engineering professor from osaka university, all the tokyo university physicists, toshiba and hitachi, these companies constructed electron microscopes. this was really a group of all types of people .
you say that you brought together this group of people that had all kinds of different specialties. can you tell me about the different tasks that are involved in getting a good working electron microscope? what different sets of skills do you need ?
well, first we need the physicists to calculate electron optics. this was my area. i designed the focal length, etc. to set the magnification, we also needed those in mechanical design and electrical engineers. it was not so easy at that time. the application was unknown, not only to us, but in general. we didn' t know how to use them. we could see bacteria, viruses, yes. but bacteria just looked like black peas. we could see nothing inside. in the case of metals, we could only see their shadows. the replica technique and the cutting of medical or biological specimens came later. we needed the right people to work on applications for the electron microscope, so we could use higher resolution .
we wanted to target research institutes for the industry. even though they didn' t know exactly what applications were needed, they bought the electron microscope and then tried to find out what applications to use them on .
well, certainly the bacteriology, or virus people needed electron microscopes. i remember the particular application for carbonblack (name of a german company) for the chemical industry. they wanted to see the particle itself .
in these applications we didn' t focus on a particular area of application, but approached the big organizations, anticipating that they would have something for which they needed an electron microscope .
certainly, customer customization was the key to our success. our competitors in japan were, hitachi; and from the beginning toshiba, and then shimudzu, all the big companies. worldwide, there was rca, general electric, and philips, aei, and this type of first - class company. these companies had some interest in the electron microscope. not only how they are used, but also in sales. to compete against all these companies, customization was our concentration, our key. but this came later.
jeol , ltd. ( 日本電子 nihon denshi kabushiki-gaisha , nihon meaning japan and denshi meaning electron ) is a major developer and manufacturer of electron microscopes and other scientific instruments , industrial equipment and medical equipment . its headquarters are in tokyo , japan , with 25 domestic and foreign subsidiaries and associated companies as of 2014 . it is listed in the top ten businesses world-wide for analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing . jeol 's instruments are used by researchers around the world , including the university of cambridge , university of oxford , and mit . it has been included in the activest lux nanotech mutual fund and the westlb nanotech fund . 
jeol, ltd. (日本電子 nihon denshi kabushiki-gaisha, nihon meaning japan and denshi meaning electron) is a major developer and manufacturer of electron microscopes and other scientific instruments, industrial equipment and medical equipment. its headquarters are in tokyo, japan, with 25 domestic and foreign subsidiaries and associated companies as of 2014. it is listed in the top ten businesses world-wide for analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing. jeol's instruments are used by researchers around the world, including the university of cambridge, university of oxford, and mit. it has been included in the activest lux nanotech mutual fund and the westlb nanotech fund.
jeol, ltd. (日本電子 nihon denshi kabushiki-gaisha, nihon meaning japan and denshi meaning electron) is a major developer and manufacturer of electron microscopes and other scientific instruments, industrial equipment and medical equipment. its headquarters are in tokyo, japan, with 25 domestic and foreign subsidiaries and associated companies as of 2014. it is listed in the top ten businesses world-wide for analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing. jeol's instruments are used by researchers around the world, including the university of cambridge, university of oxford, and mit. it has been included in the activest lux nanotech mutual fund and the westlb nanotech fund.