ward body works
d. h .
dave
ward founded ward body works in conway, arkansas in 1933 .
david henry
dave
ward was a blacksmith and founder of the ward body works in conway, arkansas .
ward body works (also known as ward industries and ward school bus manufacturing) was a school bus manufacturer based in conway, arkansas .
“companies comprising the charter membership in addition to superior and blue bird are: carpenter body works, inc. , hackney brothers body co. , hicks body co. , inc. , oneida products corp. , p. a. thomas car works, inc. and ward body works, inc .
clara mae carter et al. , appellants, v. ward body works, inc. , appellee .
ward body works, inc. - ward, the champion of transportation: designed for the safety of your children, pub. 1954
ward body works, ward school bus mfg. , ic bus, ward school bus history, david h. ward, dave ward, amtran, navistar, ic corp. , conway, arkansas - urltoken
carter v. ward body works | 439 s. w. 2d 286 (1969) | sw2d2861717 | urltoken
ward body works, ward school bus mfg. , ic bus, ward school bus history, david h. ward, dave ward, amtran, navistar, ic corp. , conway, arkansas - urltoken
ward body works, ward school bus mfg. , ic bus, ward school bus history, david h. ward, dave ward, amtran, navistar, ic corp. , conway, arkansas - co… | pinteres…
“the firms merged were the ward body works and ward school furniture inc. , both owned by d. h. ward of conway, his wife and their children .
ward body works went bankrupt in 1980 and was reorganized as american transportation corporation (amtran). amtran continued to to the ward brand name until 1992 .
“ward body works of texas will manufacture and sell school buses, using all standard chassis. it also will manufacture transit buses .
joe mcgee ,
ward body works: conway' s first big industry ,
log cabin democrat, june 21, 1955 .
a. * * * we were to get them signed and bring one of them back to the ward body works in conway .
ward body works, ward school bus mfg. , american transportation corp. (aka amtran), amtran div. of navistar, ic corp. div of navistar
“ward body works and texacoach are alleged to have violated the anti - trust statutes since jan. 1, 1959; the blue bird and austin sales since dec. 7, 1960; thomas car works and hurst bus sales since august 1, 1959; and carpenter body works and commercial body corps. since jan. 1, 1961. ”
ward body works, inc. , ward, the champion of transportation: designed for the safety of your children (conway, ar: the company, 1954) .
“david h. ward, president of ward body works, friday visited the site here on which grading has been started for erection of his texas bus body plant, and announcing plans to begin operation jan. 1 .
the volunteer was an all - new body redesign introduced by ward for 1973 .
1961 patent: bus body window - us patent no. 3, 174, 194 - filed jan. 12, 1961 issued mar. 23, 1965 to d. h. ward assigned to ward body works inc .
that mr. sallis and mr. carter were employees of ward body works at the time of their deaths, and not independent contractors .
“the industrialist announced that a texas ward body works corporation will be formed. he will be president and j. roy jones of austin will be vice president and general manager. jones, an austin business man, has for several years been texas sales representative of the ward body works of arkansas .
“the nlrb said it agreed with a trial examiner' s decision that ward body works, inc. , had engaged in some unfair labor practices .
“little rock, ark. (ap) – the ward body works of conway yesterday was sued for $ 885, 600 in federal court here .
the governing body consists of the mayor and 20 governing body members - ward councillors elected by voters from the 13 auckland wards they represent .
“safety test – a speeding car hits the side of school bus in test of a 1964 ward body works bus on a dragstrip at little rock, ark .
“faulkner circuit clerk wendell bryant reported that ward body works submitted the highest bid of $ 30, 000 and the equipment was sold on that basis, an attorney for the wards said this meant that the books of the body works would reflect a loss of $ 148, 000 in completing the merger. ”
“election of w. r. smith jr. , austin, as vice president of ward body works of texas also was announced. smith is general counsel of the corporation .
“pulaski chancellor guy e. williams had order the sale of some of the furniture company’s equipment to satisfy a $ 178, 170 debt for which ward body works had sued .
“washington, july 19 - (ap) – the reconstruction finance corporation has approved a $ 300, 000 loan for the ward body works, inc. of conway ark. ”
“the election of ray cowan of austin as secretary - treasurer of ward body works of texas, and his appointment as general manager of the new austin bus manufacturing firm, was announced monday .
“little rock, (ap) - u. s. district court judge gordon young awarded hicks body co. inc. , of lebanon, ind. , an $ 80, 150 judgment against the ward body works of conway, ark. , tuesday .
“conway – (ap) – ward body works, inc. , manufacturers of bus bodies here, has announced the formation of two new conway concerns that will create more than 100 new jobs .
“ward body works of conway, ark. , has bought a site here for a school bus plant which will be put in operation in january with a new payroll of $ 350, 000 a year .
northern coach • perley a. thomas car works (1972; became thomas built buses )
“st louis, mo. - (ap) – the u. s. court of appeals has upheld a finding that hicks body co. , lebanon, ind. , is without the right to sue ward body works of conway, ark. , for breach of contract .
ward v western australia [ 2002 ] hca 28, 8 august 2002. [ hereinafter ward ]
“ward body works of texas, inc. , of austin, headed by charles d. ward of 4201 s. congress ave. , austin, and the texacoach co. , of austin, headed by fred stroud. 106 brown bldg. , austin .
“conway, june 11 (ap) – a national labor relations board hearing on union complaints of discrimination in the laying off of employees by the ward body works, inc. , has been postponed until june 24…
ward body works was founded by conway, arkansas, blacksmith david h .
dave
ward in 1933. ward established the company after lowering the wooden roof of a school bus used by the southside school district located several miles north of conway. in 1936 ward began manufacturing all - steel bus bodies, one of the first in the country to do so .
d. h .
dave
ward founded ward body works in conway, arkansas in 1933 when he
lowered the roof of a wooden bus for mr. carl brady of the southside schools
. southside schools were located about 15 miles north of conway. [ 1 ] a blacksmith by trade, ward grew his business primarily on body repair of bus bodies in the area. [ 2 ] in 1936, he built his first complete school bus body. one of the first manufacturers of the time to use all - metal construction, the first school bus made by ward body works featured removable safety - glass windows and perimeter and center - mounted seating. [ 2 ]
“at san antonio, carpenter body works, inc. , of mitchell, ind. , and its texas distributor, commercial body corp. , headed by john t. lawson, 501 eighth st. , san antonio, were named defendants .
the auckland council organisation is led by the chief executive, who works closely with the mayor .
“little rock (ap) — federal judge thomas c. trimble today sustained a motion by ward body works inc. of conway to dismiss a suit brought by hicks body co. inc. , of lebanon, ind. , to gain damages of $ 885, 600 for alleged breach of oral contract .
crystal healing therapy involves placing gemstones on the body to draw out negative energy .
ward strengthened his postion in 1956 by eliminating a number of outside suppliers through the creation of the c. s. sash co. in addition to supplying aluminum bus windows for ward, excess capacity allowed it to supply the same to many of ward' s competitors. ward was responsible for a number of improvements in bus window sashes and in1961 applied for a us patent on a bus body window - us patent no. 3, 174, 194 - filed jan. 12, 1961 issued mar. 23, 1965 to d. h. ward assigned to ward body works inc .
“conway – the national labor relations board has asked 158 employees of the ward body works, inc. , here to hold an immediate election on unionization of the plant or ask the cio to give up attempts to organize the workers. ”
ic corporation was founded in 1933 by blacksmith david h. ward as ward body works, a company that originally made school bus bodies from wood. the name was later changed to ward school bus manufacturing, inc. , a subsidiary of ward industries, inc. , and then to ward bus company. in 1968, the company was handed over to ward’s son charles. by the 1970s, the company was the largest school bus manufacturer in the world, with twenty - five percent of the market share by 1973 .
“there are six major manufacturers of the body - on - frame type of school bus - blue bird body co. of fort valley, ga. ; carpenter body works, mitchell, ind. ; superior coach division, lima, ohio; thomas built buses, high point, n. c. ; ward school bus co. , conway, ark. , and wayne corp. , richmond, ind .
the governing body focuses on the big picture and on region - wide strategic decisions .
“dave h. ward, owner of the body works, said some of the equipment from his original firm will be used in the new industries. the bus window sashes will be constructed of aluminum. the school furniture will be made of steel. ”
during the war ward constructed several orders for military buses and also performed body repairs on army vehicles. for their efforts during the conflict ward received a citation from the ordinance section, u. s. army .
“the suit was brought by hicks body co. , inc. , of lebanon, ind .
“conway, march 7 - (ap) - employees of the ward body works, inc. , here for the second straight time have rejected affiliation with the cio united auto workers. the workers voted 145 - 54 against the union in a national labor relations board election yesterday. ”
“conway, ark, - (ap) – ward body works, inc. of conway has received a $ 1, 836, 780 contract from the us army tank automation center at warren, michigan for 6 buses. the buses will be used on the white sands missile base. ”
“conway — more than 700 workers are affected by layoffs at two industrial plants here. dave h. ward, president of ward body works, inc. , said today his firm had laid off about 150 employees in the past two weeks because the company had caught up on its orders. ward said the fall season normally is an off period but that he was negotiating for a foreign contract for 600 bus bodies. ”
“a 1964 school bus is rolled down a steep embankment at conway, ark. , in a safety test of the bus' durability. the bus contained mannequins in the ward body works test to show the amount of injury to passengers in case of real situation. test was conducted thursday (january 16). ”
“d. h. ward has built up a large bus body works business at conway, ark. , during the last 12 years, reaching a national market. his success was recounted last month in ‘business week, ’ which said he planned to set up a new plant in texas. location was not then indicated .
this is a slideshow about school buses from what is now called the ic corporation. originally the company was known as ward body works, the company became known as american transportation corporation (amtran) in 1980. pictures thanks to: josh' s school bus gallery urltoken bus urltoken urltoken the school bus yard urltoken and ebay .
the vanguard was the first cutaway - body school bus designed with 5 rows of passenger seating. [ 4 ]
the ccos operate separately but are accountable to the governing body, which sets their direction and monitors their performance .
the arrangements made between ward and the decedents are evidenced by the following testimony. mr. coy mccaskill, transportation manager of ward, testified as follows :
“little rock (ap) – articles of incorporation listing authorized capital of $ 50, 000 were filed yesterday for the eagle printing and lithographing co. of conway, ark. incorporators were listed as david h. ward, owner of ward body works at conway, jimmy foster and b. a. short, former superintendent of conway schools and now employed by ward. although the company is authorized to print either a weekly or daily newspaper, foster said that no newspaper was planned now. ”
in 1976, ward built a prototype derived from body of the president. using a modified ihc chassis, it was the first front - wheel drive school bus; it did not enter production .
western australia v ward (2000) 170 alr 159 at [ 826 ] .
western australia v ward (2000) 170 alr 159 at [ 96 ] .
during the great depression, manufacturing companies, like most of america, took a hit. some companies were able to rebound and become profitable again, while others were not. by the mid - 30' s, the struggle of meeting production deadlines for sold bodies forced myers to look for more body options, and while at a national truck show in chicago, illinois, he met a man by the name of ralph h. carpenter from mitchell, indiana. mr. carpenter was the founder of carpenter body works where the development of an all - steel school bus body was beginning to replace the wood and steel combination body .
although they make different types of decisions, there is an active working relationship between the governing body and the local boards .
d. h .
dave
ward founded ward body works in conway, arkansas in 1933 when he
lowered the roof of a wooden bus for mr. carl brady of the southside schools
. southside schools were located about 15 miles north of conway. [ 1 ]. later in the 1930s, the company produced its first all - metal body bus as steel replaced wood as the predominant body material in the industry. in the 1960s, ward school bus manufacturing, inc. was responsible for many notable innovations including use of computers in manufacturing (using ibm 360s), safety advances, and manufacturing process improvements. in the 1970s, ward opened an assembly facility in beaver falls, pennsylvania, but this plant was closed in 1975. in 1976, ward built a prototype type d transit school and commercial bus on an international harvester chassis with front - wheel drive and tandem rear tag axles; it did not enter production .
in 1963 ward filed for another a patent on a knockdown body - us patent no. 3, 186, 755 - filed aug. 13, 1963, issued june 1, 1965 to david h. ward. in 1964 ward performed the first independent side impact rollover test on a school bus, the caption on the upi wire photo dated january 11, 1964 follows :
ward per gleeson cj, gaudron, gummow and hayne jj at [ 91 ] .
this page uses some content from wikipedia. the original article was at ward body works. the list of authors can be seen in the page history. as with tractor & construction plant wiki, the text of wikipedia is available under the creative commons by attribution license and / or gnu free documentation license. please check page history for when the original article was copied to wikia
at the onset of the war the firm was awarded a number of military contracts. one was for a variety of truck bodies for gmc 2½ - ton, 6×6, cckw military ordnance trucks which was shared with thomas car works of hihg point, north carolina, another school bus body builder .
in august 1980, an investment group assisted by the then - arkansas governor bill clinton purchased the assets of ward industries. while the school buses would still bear the ward name, the only interests that the ward family would keep in the new company would be in vehicle distribution. by 1981, ward was officially known as amtran (american transportation corporation) .
following the dissolution of the ward brand, the volunteer remained in production as an amtran .
ward v western australia (1998) 159 alr 483, per lee j at 639 .
ward, per gleeson cj, gaudron, gummow and hayne jj at [ 80 ] .
in early 1954 ward backed out of its contract to supply school bus bodies to hicks bus body co. , and hicks sued, the thursday, july 22, 1954 edition of the camden (ark .) news reporting :
the conference was attended by representatives of the bus body industry and at the end of the 7 - day event the group released a list of minimum standards and recommendations. among them were specifications for type of construction, body length, ceiling height and aisle width and color .
although hicks body co. lost the war with ward, they did win one battle, receiving a judgement of $ 80, 150 - as reported in the october 11, 1961 edition of the hope star (ark .) :
this is a workmen' s compensation case involving two consolidated claims for death benefits brought by the widows of the two decedents. the question before the commission was whether the decedents were in the course of their employment as employees of ward body works at the time of their injuries and resulting death. the question before us on appeal is whether there was any substantial evidence to sustain the findings and orders of the commission .
the organisation as a whole is responsible for our operation and service delivery, advising the governing body and local boards and carrying out their decisions .
ward body works, 1933 - 1970; conway, arkansas; 1951 - 1970, austin, texas; autobus ward, s. a. , 1947 - 1954; mexico city, d. f. , mexico; ward school bus mfg. , 1970 - 1980; conway, arkansas; 1970 - 1975, beaver falls, pennsylvania; american transportation corp. (aka amtran) 1981 - 1995; amtran div. of navistar, 1995 - 2002, conway, arkansas; 1999 - 2002, tulsa, oklahoma; ic corp. div of navistar; 2002 - present, conway, arkansas & tulsa, oklahoma
compare beaumont cj and von doussa j in the full federal court in ward with north j in dissent in the full court (western australia v ward (2000) 99 fcr 316), and lee j at first instance (ward v western australia (1998) 159 alr 483) .
in 1956, ward became both a body manufacturer and an industry supplier, as the company created a subsidiary, c. s. sash company, which became a major aluminum window frame manufacturer for school buses. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
“john h. shields, president of the superior coach corp. , is the first president of the newly - organized school bus body mnnufacturers assn .
western australia v ward (2000) 99 fcr 316, [ 805 ] - [ 820 ] .
western australia v ward (2000) 170 alr 159 at [ 90 ] - [ 91 ] .
carpenter invited myers to mitchell, indiana, to tour his plant and make a deal, and this partnership led to the founding of myers equipment corporation in 1937. over the next 60 years, the all - steel school bus body pushed carpenter to being a corner stone in the bus body industry .
ward relocated the coachette operations into a disused s. c. sash / surelite building in conway and commenced small scale production of the ward coachette using a chevrolet p30 1 - ton motorhome / bus chassis .
in the 1960s, ward school bus manufacturing, inc. began a series of updates that would modernize manufacturing and production. to catalog the various state and local regulations affecting school bus specifications, in 1964, company owner charles ward set up a computer mainframe (using ibm 360s). [ 4 ] in the same year, ward performed the first independent rollover test on a school bus, discovering issues related to structural integrity. [ 5 ] during 1967, the assembly line in the conway facility was upgraded to a moving assembly line, a first in the bus industry. [ 5 ] in 1969, the recommendations from the crash test were published, finding that an inconsistent number of fasteners among manufacturers could lead to poor joint strength. [ 4 ] the findings would be used in part to government recommendations for school bus joint strength. [ 5 ] following the 1968 retirement of dave ward, ward body works remained a family - owned company, with son charles ward handling operations .
“his selection was announced by david h. ward of conway, ark. , president of the new texas corporation, at the close of its first directors’ meeting. ward, operator of the largest bus body factory in the central west, last year selected austin as the site for his new plant to serve the southwest, west coast, and latin - american markets .
“ward said the plant will built and install school bus and transit bus bodies to be supplied throughout texas and western states and for export to mexico. , central and south america. the export business already has been started from the initial ward plant at conway, ark. , but will be centralized here. ward said .
replacing the president, the senator was the ward counterpart of the blue bird tc / 2000 and the wayne lifestar. following the dissolution of the ward brand, the senator underwent minor revisions to become the amtran genesis .
this established performance requirements for school bus rollover protection, to reduce deaths and injuries from failure of a school bus body structure to withstand forces encountered in rollover crashes .
dave ward drive in conway (also known as arkansas highway 286) is named for the bus company founder .
dave ward drive in conway (also known as arkansas highway 286) is named for the bus company founder .
this established requirements for the strength of the body panel joints in school bus bodies, to reduce deaths and injuries resulting from structural collapse of school bus bodies during crashes .
ward' s company grew rapidly as demand for school buses escalated. he sited a new bus - building operation at 805 harkrider avenue in the downtown district. the plant grew from an initial size of 10, 000 square feet to over 100, 000 square feet. expansion of ward industries operations led to the establishment in 1956 of the patented bus window maker c. s. sash company and the ward school furniture company in conway. in 1950 he established a printing plant, entering into a lasting, and bitter struggle with the local log cabin democrat newspaper. he also pursued his business in mexico city, where he opened a bus plant in february 1947. the mexico city plant closed in 1954 as cross - border operations became more difficult. to replace this plant ward built a new ward body works facility in austin, texas. the 71, 600 square foot austin plant opened in march 1951, receiving parts for making buses from the conway plant .
although they were no longer invovled on the manufacturing end, david h. ward’s son, stephen a. ward, remained in the business as ward transportation service inc. , the regional distributors for ward and later international / ic corp school buses. another spin - off, demographics, was founded by dave' s son charles to handle mass mailings for the democratic party. it was later reroganized as the conway communications exchange and today does business as acxiom .
crystal healing also involves the use of crystals and stones worn on the body or placed under pillows to ward off sickness, shed negative energy or absorb positive energy, according to crystal vaults, a company that sells such crystals, which it refers to as
talismans
or
amulets .
“perley a. thomas car works inc. , of high point. n. c. , and its texas distributor. hurst bus sales co. , headed by j. k. hurst, 3913 balcones drive, austin .
ward also established the ward school furniture company to build steel and wood chairs, desks and tables for schools and institutions, the january 20, 1956 edition of the hope star (ark .) reporting on his two new business ventures :
upon the occasion of the new equipment display at the 1950 american association of school administrators' convention, executives of the nation' s largest school bus body builders formed their own trade group: the school bus body manufacturers association, the february 27, 1950 edition of the lima news (o .) reporting the election of the group' s first president :
the limit to possible development of the common law was that it must not
fracture the skeleton of principle which gives the body of our law its shape and internal consistency
.
the september 10, 1952 edition of the camden news (ark .) revealed ward was getting into the publishing business :
western australia v ward (2000) 99 fcr 316, per beaumont cj and von doussa j at [ 93 ] .
during the 1970s, ward would become one of the largest school bus body manufacturers in the united states, with the company holding a 25% market share in 1973. [ 6 ] in 1970, the austin plant was replaced by an all - new facility in beaver falls, pennsylvania. to expand into small buses, ward purchased texas - based manufacturer coachette in 1973, moving their production into a separate facility in conway. [ 3 ] additionally, the assembly line at the main conway facility was upgraded and connected to an ibm 370 mainframe, as the company explored computer - based manufacturing. [ 5 ] coinciding with the new assembly line was the redesigned full - size conventional bus body, dubbed the ward volunteer. aside from a redesigned windshield and the change in chassis suppliers, the ward volunteer shares many components with that of the ic bus ce - series produced today .
fay williams ,
are you crazy as dave ward ?
arkansas democrat (sunday magazine), october 21, 1951 .
the 71, 600 sq. ft. austin factory, whose 1, 600 foot bus body assembly line could turn out a new bus body every 15 minutes, opened for business in march 1951. midway through the year ward received the news that they had qualified for a $ 300, 000 loan from the reconstruction finance corporation (a short - lived - 1933 to 1957 - federal agency that supplied loans to municipal governments and small businesses), thejuly 19, 1951 edition of the northwest arkansas times reporting :
ward was born to gaylord oscar ward and lottie p. ward on september 1, 1904, in wolfe city, texas, the fourth child of nine, including seven brothers and a sister. his father was a blacksmith, a sawmill operator, and a nazarene preacher. all of the children of the household were schooled on the importance of independent entrepreneurship, and all started their own businesses .
the information technology company acxiom owes its origins to ward bus company owner charles ward. ward founded demographics inc. with his brother stephen ward in 1969 to meet the needs of the young leadership council for the democratic party, of which he was a member, which wanted to create political mailing lists that were competitive with a data processing system set up by winthrop rockefeller and the arkansas republican party. in 1970 the system was used in the successful gubernatorial election campaign of dale bumpers. ward' s leadership as arkansas' democratic national committeeman, also helped in the failed draft movement to elect wilbur d. mills to the presidency of the united states in 1972 .
ward v western australia [ 2002 ] hca 28, per gleeson cj, gaudron, gummow and hayne jj at [ 234 ] .
listed below are the cases that are cited in this featured case. click the citation to see the full text of the cited case. citations are also linked in the body of the featured case .
the decedents, richard sallis and milton carter, along with two vacationing arkansas state policemen, entered into verbal arrangements with ward body works at conway, arkansas, to deliver four new buses to purchasers in and near los angeles, california. each individual was to drive a bus and the drivers were paid in advance 14 cents per mile for driving the buses to california. they were to be reimbursed the actual cost of gas and oil and any other actual expenses on the buses in transporting them to california. upon delivery of the buses to the consignees in california, they were to obtain receipts which were to be returned to ward along with their receipts for gas and oil and any breakdown repairs, or other bus expenses incurred on the trip. after delivery of the buses in california, the drivers were on their own and under no direction or control whatever by ward .
along with other school bus manufacturers, the late 1970s would prove to be a rough time for ward, which had been renamed ward school bus manufacturing, inc. in 1975, the pennsylvania plant was forced to close. a year later, ward would produce a prototype for the first front - wheel drive full - size school bus, but the company was forced to abandon the project before it reached production. as ward faced declining demand for school buses, the company was over $ 20 million in debt; in july 1980, the company filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy .
“blue bird body co. , of fort valley, georgia, and its texas distributor. austin sales co. , inc. , headed by jack g. fisk, 8419 n. lamar blvd. , austin .
by 1973 ward controlled 25% of the us school bus market, quite an accomplishment for a firm that had only been making buses for a quarter century. in order to keep their postion further expansion was required and the firm was recapitlized and reorganized as ward school bus manufacturing, inc .
with the retirement of paul e. myers in 1968, richard and david took over the company, and continued to expand both mec and mbh. as myers equipment grew, richard and david decided to open up the product lines to more than just school buses. mec began offering commercial buses, handicap accessible buses and vans, and got back into the truck body market, this time as a body dealer and not a chassis dealer .
“the ward operation is to fabricate all - metal school bus bodies at its plant and install them on the chassis of all makes of motor vehicles .
the july 20, 1963 edition of the northwest arkansas times mentioned that ward had recived a $ 1. 8 million contract from the us army :
the patriot was the first semi - forward control conventional, combining the sloped nose of a type b bus with a full - size body. it was based on a modified version of the gm conventional chassis. [ 4 ]
barry beck ,
ward industries, inc. : a historical study ,
faulkner facts and fiddlings 16 (winter 1974): 67 - 83 .
“ward announced that cowan, as general manager of the plant, will be in charge of all personnel, operating and purchasing of the new texas corporation .
“mr. and mrs. ward, who reached austin saturday, returned to conway following the close of the organizational meeting of the new texas corporation. ”
1963 patent: us patent no. 3, 186, 755 filed aug. 13, 1963, issued june 1, 1965 to david h ward .
barry beck - ward industries, inc. : a historical study, faulkner facts and fiddlings, vol. 16, no. 4, winter 1974 issue
“ (the) proceedings established that the ward family members had sold assets or borrowed heavily to keep the company operating. as a result, he said, the evidence was that the wards had no money and' the personal guarantees of the ward family are barely worth the paper they are written on. ”
in 1953 ward' s school bus sales totalled 2, 000 units, producing a record $ 5 million in revenue. during the year the hicks bus body co. of lebanon, indiana entered into an 8 - 10 year agreement with ward whereby ward would construct as many as 12, 000 hicks school bus bodies over the course of the contract, using dies, tools and other equipment supplied by hicks. although they would be built in conway, the resulting buses would be badged as hicks' bodies and sold through hicks' network of established dealers. consequently hicks manufacturing operations in lebanon were shuttered and the plant put up for sale, the firm becoming solely a distributor of school bus bodies .
harold b. johnson - a history of dave ward and his company, arkansas state teachers college m. s. e. thesis, pub. 1960 .
barry beck ,
ward industries, inc. : a historical study ,
faulkner facts and fiddlings 16. 4 (winter 1974): 67 - 83 .
harold b. johnson ,
a history of dave ward and his company ,
m. s. e. thesis, arkansas state teachers college, 1960 .
in 1976, ward built a president - based front - wheel - drive prototype school bus using a modified international bus chassis that filed to make it to production .
for additional information: beck, barry. “ward industries, inc. : a historical study. ” faulkner facts and fiddlings 16 (winter 1974): 67–83 .
ward per gleeson cj, gaudron, gummow and hayne jj at [ 91 ]; mchugh j at [ 561 ]; per callinan j at [ 969 ] .
ward, per callinan j at [ 626 ]. see also, gleeson cj, gaudron, gummow and hayne jj at [ 74 ] - [ 80 ] .
urltoken' +' auto' + plant + still + going + strong + after + 75 + years. - a0181301714 - article with facts related to ward bankruptcy filing
in considering the possibility of the suspension of native title rights, justice north in the full court in ward discussed the potential for change in the doctrine of tenure itself .
julia ward came of a well - to - do family and was educated privately. in 1843 she married educator samuel gridley howe and took up residence in boston. always of a literary bent, she published her first volume of poetry, passion flowers, in 1854; this and subsequent works—including a poetry collection, words for the hour (1857), a play, leonora; or, the world’s own, produced in 1857, and a trip to cuba (1860) —had little success .
ward' s daughter wanda jean stephens is a 1958 graduate of the arkansas school of medicine. she was employed thereafter by the arkansas children' s colony in conway. the wards also had a son stephen austin. ward was conway school board member from 1946 to 1958, and a longtime trustee of the local first church of the nazarene. he considered a run for arkansas governor in 1946, but dropped out lacking sufficient backing. he remained involved in local and state democratic politics. the ward family mansion is located at 1912 caldwell street in conway. the brick - and - steel mansion, dating to 1951, is now under commercial operation as the ward mansion bed & breakfast .
word got around and ward quickly developed a reputation as the go - to - guy for truck and bus body repair and fabrication. his first all - metal coaches were constructed in 1936 for the nearby hermitage and greenbriar school districts. they featured bi - lateral inward - facing bench seats and included removable wire glass side windows. his bodies developed a following and by 1939 devoted all of his efforts on building school bus bodies .
“hicks had asked for a judgment of $ 150, 000. the firm said ward filed to live up to a contract to furnish bus bodies for sale by hicks. ”
“the order said that the money would compensate the hicks firm for dies, tools and other equipment it furnished ward in 1953 in connection with a contract for manufacture of bus bodies .
ward also introduced computer - aided manufacturing to the school bus business, installing an early ibm system / 360 main - frame computer in the conway plant in the mid - 1960s .
many parents also use baltic amber necklaces for teething infants and toddlers, believing that the amber itself will help to take the teething pain away, similarly to the use of other gemstones to cure other ailments. according to healthy children, there is no scientific evidence that the amber works to subside teething pain. there are two theories that explain how the amber supposedly works: one is that a pain - relieving substance (succinic acid) is released from the amber by the heat of the baby' s skin and is absorbed through the skin into the blood stream, and two, the amber stimulates the thyroid gland to increase drooling and reduce inflammation in the ears, throat, stomach and respiratory system .
“it has been indicated that an austin business man, who has been the texas sales representative of the ward conway factory, will be an active figure in the new austin industry. ”
“the case involves the laying off of employees and other alleged unfair labor practices. about 90 workers were released from work two months ago by ward upon completion of a navy contract. ”
although the c. s. sash company was successful, the ward school furniture co. was not, the january 7, 1958 edition of the hope star (arkansas) reporting :
the question before us on appeal is whether there was any substantial evidence to sustain the commission and the circuit court in holding that the decedents were independent contractors and not employees of ward .
“the site, purchased from can smith and associates, is in the new industrial area created when the missouri pacific acquired most of the bergstrom spur. representatives of ward were discussing a site at the time and as soon as the rail connections were assured, the ward plant became the first to be located in the new industrial area just outside the city and served by city utilities .
following dave ward' s 1968 retirement, his eldest son charles - who had worked at the plant since 1959 - took over as president, although his father remained chairman of the board .
there is no evidence that crystal healing works over and above a placebo effect ,
french told live science .
that is the appropriate standard to judge any form of treatment. but whether or not you judge crystal healing, or any other form of [ complementary and alternative medicine ], to be totally worthless depends upon your attitude to placebo effects .
ward' s business increased to the point where he was forced to locate to a new 10, 000 sq ft. facility located a 805 harkrider street, near the intersection of oak street .
in ward, the majority joint judgment made several comments that indicated the extent to which it relied on the act in contrast to the common law. at paragraph [ 16 ], it stated :
justice lee in ward stated that' native title at common law is a communal' right to land' arising from the significant connection of indigenous society with land under its customs and culture' .
by that time the conway assembly line had been substantially upgraded and connected to a next generation ibm system / 370 main - frame computer. also introduced in 1973 was the all - new type c (conventional) ward volunteer school bus. the coach featured an all - new body that featured safety advances made possible by the firm' s pioneering work in school bus crash - testing. ward’s most popular school bus line, it could be used with chassis from any major manufacturer and was updated in 1980, 1986, and 1988. aside from safety upgrades and a redesigned windshield, the modern - day ce - series ic type c school bus shares numerous components found a 1988 volunteer .
however, she also recognised that if the movement toward a bundle of rights approach continued, as it has in ward, it may be necessary to pursue other ways of protecting native title along the lines of the canadian approach. given the potential of the concept of possession to strengthen the concept of native title, and the established jurisprudence in canada following this approach, the high court' s failure to even consider the body of jurisprudence supporting this and other bases for aboriginal title is disappointing .
crystal healing is an alternative medical technique in which crystals and other stones are used to cure ailments and protect against disease. proponents of this technique believe that crystals act as conduits for healing — allowing positive, healing energy to flow into the body as negative, disease - causing energy flows out .
in 1985 amtran introduced 2 new coaches to supplement ward' s existing product line; the vanguard, a type - a cutway van built on a choice of gm or ford 1 - ton chassis; and the patriot, a full - size semi - forward control type c coach equipped with a sloped nose of the type normally found on type b mid - sized coaches. ward' s standard type c coach, the volunteer, remained basically unchanged as did the president, ward' s type d transit - style front - engined coach which was offered on international, gm and asia - smith chassis .
“other first officers of the group are a. l. luce, general manager, blue bird body co. , ft. valley, ga. , vice president, and herbert s. blake, jr. , president of the organization service corp. , new york city law firm, managing director .
“ward, a native texan, said he and his family will visit austin as soon as school is out, and already he is looking forward to the entry of his children in the university of texas .
“ward has been marketing since 1971 a safety bus containing more than twice as many rivets than in pre - 1971 buses. other manufacturers are using better fasteners and more rivets than they did nine years ago .
david henry ward was born to gaylord oscar (aka george, b. 1876 in arkansas) and lottie p. (orrick, b. 1876 in arkansas) ward on september 1, 1904, in wolfe city, texas. his father was a blacksmith, sawmill operator, and nazarene preacher. all of the children of the household were schooled on the importance of independent entrepreneurship, and all started their own businesses .
furthermore, ward extended the principle of extinguishment on reserve lands. the high court overturned the trial judge and the full court of the federal court on the rules for the extinguishment of native title on reserve land .
but the philosophy of modern crystal healing is based on traditional concepts borrowed from asian cultures, most notably the chinese concept of life - energy (chi or qi) and the hindu or buddhist concept of chakras, which are vortices of this life - energy, said to connect the physical and supernatural elements of the body .
although it was established prior to ward that native title was vulnerable to extinguishment by the exercise of sovereign authority, the rhetoric of fragility seems to have increased the extent of this vulnerability. prior to ward, an exclusive possession grant extinguished native title, but there could be co - existent rights on a non - exclusive possession grant. in ward, it would seem that the rights that can co - exist are only rights that in no way overlap with the rights of the holder of the grant. so if a pastoral lease confers on the pastoral lessees the right to exclude others (besides native title holders) from the land, any equivalent native title right to do so is extinguished, or if a reserve is vested in a statutory body, only that body can control and confer rights on land. strictly, this allows for no co - existence of rights at all. whenever a right exists in both grant holder and native title claimants, the latter is extinguished, reinforcing the extreme vulnerability of native title. in relation to reserves, the trial judge and the full federal court emphasised that the vesting of reserve land only gave to the authority' rights necessary for the control and management of the reserve', and that this right was not sufficient to extinguish native title until exercised .
“ward will continue the operation of the plant in his home town. a separate corporation is being formed for the austin industry. the plant here will be of approximately the same size as the one already in operation .
in her reminiscences (1899), julia ward howe told the story of how she came to write “the battle hymn of the republic. ” returning from a visit to an army camp near washington in the company of…
the 90' s were tough on the school bus market and that forced manufacturing companies to merge together or go bankrupt. the 70' s & 80' s
big six
manufactures (blue bird, carpenter, superior, thomas, ward, and wayne), was down to the
big four
with blue bird, carpenter, thomas, and international remaining. ic was the mother company of amtran, which bought out ward during bankruptcy in the 80' s, which is how ic became a school bus staple. carpenter would ultimately suffer the same fate as ward and wayne, even after an attempt to restructure and refinance .
other lesser rights may, however, have survived. the result of ward would appear to be, therefore, that native title can only span the whole range of potential rights associated with land on vacant crown land .
it is true that the decedents were required to return to ward, the receipted copy of invoices for the buses delivered, but this was permitted to be done by mail and personal delivery was not required. we conclude that there was substantial evidence that the decedents were independent contractors and not employees of ward at the time of their injuries and resulting deaths. even if the decedents had been employees of ward within the meaning of the workmen' s compensation law, they had gone to san francisco on personal missions of their own and had not returned within the course of their employment when the accident occurred. the judgment of the circuit court must be affirmed.
ward body works ( also known as ward industries and ward school bus manufacturing , inc. ) was a manufacturer specializing in school buses based in conway , arkansas . ward filed for bankruptcy in 1980 , and its successor , amtran , continued the use of the ward brand on its school buses until 1992 . in 1991 , amtran was also acquired by navistar international . 
ward body works (also known as ward industries and ward school bus manufacturing, inc.) was a manufacturer specializing in school buses based in conway, arkansas. ward filed for bankruptcy in 1980, and its successor, amtran, continued the use of the ward brand on its school buses until 1992. in 1991, amtran was also acquired by navistar international.
ward body works (also known as ward industries and ward school bus manufacturing, inc.) was a manufacturer specializing in school buses based in conway, arkansas. ward filed for bankruptcy in 1980, and its successor, amtran, continued the use of the ward brand on its school buses until 1992. in 1991, amtran was also acquired by navistar international.