extreme light infrastructure
the extreme light infrastructure (eli) project is dedicated to the investigation of light–matter interactions at high laser intensities and on short timescales .
kansai photon science institute | ”osaka univ. to eli - np” eli - np：extreme light infrastructure - nuclear physics
the laser will be operational at the extreme light infrastructure – nuclear physics’ site, romania, in 2018 .
the extreme light infrastructure attosecond light pulse source (eli - alps) laser research centre is one of the pillars of this infrastructure was built in szeged and is one of the largest scientific investments in europe, with support from the european union amounting to over 70 billion huf .
”osaka univ. to eli - np” eli - np：extreme light infrastructure - nuclear physics kazuo a. tanaka, osaka univ. , osaka japan & eli - np, bucharest romania abstract .
gaining and maintaining a strong foothold in the european and global technology markets is high on the eu agenda. helping meet this goal is the eli (' extreme light infrastructure') project, which clinched eur 6 million under ...
known as
extreme light infrastructure - nuclear physics
( eli - np), it will serve as a pan - european laboratory and host a broad range of scientific disciplines including fundamental physics, new nuclear physics and astrophysics but also life sciences .
as part of his state visit to romania, french president françois hollande accompanied the romanian head of state, klaus w. iohannis, on a visit of the extreme light infrastructure – nuclear physics’ site, where the world’s most powerful laser system will be installed .
the eli – extreme light infrastructure – or as it is commonly referred to: the superlaser will be one of the large research facilities of the european union. through this, the first structure in the world for studying the interaction between light and matter with ultrahigh intensity laser will be created with hungarian cooperation. the most significant centre for attosecond pulse light research will operate in szeged, the administrative centre for the county of csongrád .
a european esfri project for the investigation of light - matter interactions at highest intensities and shortest time scales .
eli is a new research infrastructure (ri) of pan - european interest and part of the european esfri roadmap .
listed on the esfri roadmap as one of the priority research infrastructure projects for europe, the extreme - light - infrastructure (eli) will bring a revolution to laser science by paving the way to new regimes of optics and physics by producing light intensities higher by 3 to 6 orders of magnitude than today’s levels. based on a new generation of laser technologies delivering ultra - short ultra - intense pulses, eli will open exciting research opportunities in a wide range of disciplines, from material sciences, biochemistry, medicine, nanotechnologies, to nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. resulting from a pan - european effort, eli will be the first international laser infrastructure fully dedicated to external users and will provide best conditions of access for world - class experiments .
this is a very interesting project. but eli (extreme light infrastructure) involves not just romania. there are 3 eu countries which will build giant superlaser facilities. eventually a fourth one should be build as well. the very first superlaser is to build near prague with a goal of achieving exawatt class, which would make it at least a hundred times more powerful then anything that exists today .
what is eli? it stands for extreme light infrastructure, which is a new research infrastructure of pan - european interest. it is a laser project that aims to host the most intense beamline system in the world. the eli project will be located in four sites. one will be in dolní břežany, near prague. it will focus on the development of short - pulse secondary sources of radiation and particles. eli - alps (attosecond light pulse source) will be in szeged, which will be “a unique facility which provides light sources within an extremely broad frequency range in the form of ultrashort pulses with high repetition rate. ” in măgurele, romania, the eli - np (nuclear physics) facility will focus on laser - based nuclear physics. the fourth facility’s location is still undecided .
the european research infrastructure consortium (eric) is a legal framework created by the european commission to allow the operation of research infrastructures of pan - european interest .
in the field of science and technology, thales is supporting romania’s contribution to the european laser research project eli - np (extreme light infrastructure - nuclear physics). the company is providing romania’s nuclear physics institute (ifin - hh) with an ultra high - power laser system delivering 2x10 petawatts (20 million billion watts) of power. this is more powerful than any other laser system to date, including the petawatt systems previously installed by thales. a special technical and scientific training programme will also be provided through thales university .
the scientific and technological eli - np development activities are distributed in 5 research activities, each of them aiming to realization of a significant part of the new research infrastructure .
thales has made innovation a core strategic priority and believes that real innovation hinges on the ability to harness creativity to meet actual customer needs and develop disruptive technologies. based on this vision, the company is taking part in the extreme light infrastructure for nuclear physics (eli - np) project to develop the world’s most powerful laser system. this 2x10 petawatt laser will support research in nuclear physics and help advance human understanding of the physics of matter. it will be operational in 2018. thales has operated in romania for 40 years and is now addressing the country’s transport needs while expanding its areas of focus to include defence, security, aerospace and science and technology .
it is for the first time that structural funds will finance a basic research infrastructure project ,
he added, stressing that the eu earmarked 150 million euros ($ 199. 9 million) for it .
implemented as a distributed infrastructure in the czech republic, hungary and romania, eli will be the first infrastructure identified by the european strategy forum on research infrastructures (esfri) to be located in new member states. with an implementation budget of over €845 million largely co - financed by structural funds, the project represents an unprecedented example of how research infrastructures can bridge the objectives of scientific excellence, regional development and european cohesion .
this infrastructure will create a new european laboratory with a broad range of science covering frontier fundamental physics, new nuclear physics and astrophysics as well as applications in nuclear materials, radioactive waste management, material science and life sciences .
it is a laser facility that aims at hosting some the most intense lasers world - wide, develop new interdisciplinary research opportunities with light from these lasers and secondary radiation derived from them, and make them available to an international scientific user community .
in june' s edition of physics world portugal' s former science and technology minister, josé mariano gago, calls for more investment in, and engagement with, national science budgets in light of the european union' s (eu) stagnated ...
the eli attosecond light pulse source (eli - alps) in szeged, hungary is establishing a unique facility, which provides light sources between thz (10 12 hz) and x - ray (10 18 - 10 19 hz) frequency range in the form of ultrashort pulses with high repetition rate. eli - alps will be dedicated to extremely fast dynamics by taking snap - shots in the attosecond scale (a billionth of a billionth of second) of the electron dynamics in atoms, molecules, plasmas and solids. it will also pursue research with ultrahigh intensity lasers. urltoken
the eli project intends with a trans - european cooperation the construction of a research super - laser with ultra - short pulses, which has considerably higher power density than the largest laser currently in existence and is of extreme scientific importance. it is one of the significant large facilities included in the european strategic forum on research infrastructures (esfri roadmap: urltoken) .
one key milestone of this fast development was the decision of the 13 european funding agencies represented in the project on the location and conditions of implementation of eli. in october 2009, the steering committee of the eli preparatory phase consortium gave the mandate to the czech republic, hungary and romania to implement eli as a distributed infrastructure consisting of three complementary facilities to be implemented by end 2015 respectively in dolní břežany (south of prague), szeged (hungary), and măgurele (south - west of bucharest). the eli facilities plan to form a single research infrastructure operated under the legal umbrella of a european research infrastructure consortium (eric). an interim structure, the eli delivery consortium, will be set up by the host countries to take over the preparatory phase consortium, to coordinate actions at the european level, and to organise negotiations with partner countries on the establishment of the eli - eric .
but canceling the undertaking in szeged would have endangered the eli enterprise in the czech republic and in romania as well. the decision in 2006 to place the eli facilities in former soviet - bloc countries which had joined the union only two years earlier was a sign of trust in these countries’ ability to create and run first - rate research facilities that were important for the european union as a whole. so, finally in december 2012—not in 2011 as orbán claims—the government came to the conclusion that forcing through their original plan and abandoning the project would cast hungary in a very bad light. it would prove that the former communist countries cannot, after all, be trusted with an important pan - european project of extreme scientific importance. so, they reluctantly gave their blessing .
the purpose of eli - alps is to establish a unique, laser - based european user research facility where ultrashort laser pulses and light sources will be accessible for international researchers. eli - alps’ lasers will able to generate the shortest and greatest number of laser pulses per second so far. this allows researchers to examine elementary intramolecular physical processes and also provides unparalleled infrastructure to carry out basic and applied research on an ultrafast timescale for outstanding research results in biology, medicine and material sciences. there is a cooperation agreement between eli - alps and the university resulting in the collaboration in the organisation of research projects and training programmes. the entire complex was opened in may 2017 and the facility will become fully operational in 2019 .
eli - dc coordinates the transition from the implementation to the operation phase, leading to the creation of a european research infrastructure consortium: eli - eric. eli - dc supports the three pillars during the implementation phase, ensures the character of eli as one unified pan - european project, conducts the negotiations towards the eli - eric and prepares the conditions for the establishment of eli’s fourth pillar, planned to push the frontiers of laser power by yet another order of magnitude into the sub - exawatt regime. the scientific profiles of the eli pillars will be complementary, and the operation of the research infrastructure, starting progressively from 2018, will be unified under one single legal umbrella of the eli - eric .
the eli will be the first facility in the world to enable the investigation of the interaction between light and matter with the highest intensity, in the so called ultra - relativistic range. it will open a doorway into new territories within physics as well as establishing such new technical developments as relativistic microelectronics and small laser particle accelerators. the eli will have a considerable impact on numerous fields of material sciences, medicine and environment protection .
in magurele, romania, the eli nuclear physics (eli - np) facility focuses on laser - based nuclear physics. it will host two machines, a very high intensity laser, where beams from two 10 pw lasers are coherently added to get intensities of the order of 10 23 - 10 24 w / cm 2, and a very intense, brilliant gamma beam, which is obtained by incoherent compton back scattering of a laser light off a brilliant electron beam from a conventional linear accelerator. applications include nuclear physics experiments to characterize laser – target interaction, photonuclear reactions, and exotic nuclear physics and astrophysics. urltoken
with the three site solution, the scientific programme of eli has widened. each research centre site is planned to be built with approximately 250 - 280 m€ investment costs. in each laser centre, probably approximately 200 - 300 local and foreign specialists will work. according to the plans the activities of the sites will be coordinated by the european research infrastructure consortium (eric), an international consortium based on the new legal framework of the european union. the members shall include in addition to the three site - countries (the czech republic, hungary and romania), member states with a strong background in laser technology (primarily france, great - britain, germany). the consortium will be open to other eli - pp project partners, and later also to third countries .
european commission president jose manuel barroso (r) and eu commissioner for regional policy johannes hahn talk at the european parliament in strasbourg on january 15, 2013. the european union and romania laid friday the cornerstone of a research hub due to host the world' s most powerful laser .
the european union and romania laid friday the cornerstone of a research hub due to host the world' s most powerful laser .
the project is of particular importance not only for romania and also for europe as a whole. ,
european commissioner for regional policy johannes hahn told a press conference alongside romania' s prime minister victor ponta .
its cutting - edge technology will be used by researchers all over the world ,
he added .
eli - np, the most important research project in the newer eu member states, will create jobs and
turn brain - drain into brain circulation
in the region, hahn stressed .
from 13 eu countries are involved in the programme which includes two other pillars, in the czech republic and hungary .
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the facility will be based on four sites. three of them are presently being implemented in the czech republic, hungary and romania, with an investment volume exceeding 850 mio. euro, mostly stemming from the european regional development funds (erdf) .
after a 3 - year preparatory phase (2008 - 2010) of the eli project, the eli consortium was set up, and on 11 april 2013 became the eli delivery consortium international association (eli - dc aisbl). the association was established in order to promote sustainable development of the project, establishing partnerships and collaborations with national, european and international structures and organizations .
the goal of the elitrans project is to complement the final implementation stage of eli - parallel to the completion of the three construction sites - by preparing and undertaking the back - transformation from three legally independent construction projects towards the governance, operation and financing under a single international legal entity, the eli - eric .
the unique l3 - hapls laser system, developed by the lawrence livermore national laboratory (llnl) for eli beamlines, was ceremonially launched on july 2, 2018 .
information notice about the company' s public procedures planned can be found on eli - alps’ website .
while the implementation of the eli projects is nearing completion in the three host countries, much effort is put into creating the necessary conditions for the future operation as a single, multi - site international laser user facility of european and global dimension .
read about proton acceleration at eli - alps, proton - boron nuclear fusion inside cancer cells at eli beamlines and the upcoming field of nuclear photonics at eli - np .
the coming months, several large conferences, workshops and meet - ups are organized by or with the aid of eli .
nuclear photonics 2018 aims to bring together leading scientists, researchers and research scholars from around the world .
the subject of the next training course organized in the framework of it - elli is optical thin film coatings .
in dolni brezany, near prague, czech republic, the eli - beamlines facility mainly will focus on the development of short - pulse secondary sources of radiation and particles, and on their multidisciplinary applications in molecular, biomedical and material sciences, physics of dense plasmas, warm dense matter, laboratory astrophysics. in addition, the pillar will uitilze its high - power, high - repetition - rate lasers for high - field physics experiments with focused intensities of about 10 23 w / cm 2, investigating exotic plasma physics, and non - linear qed effects. urltoken
unikátní laserový systém l3 - hapls, který pro eli beamlines vyvinula americká národní laboratoř lawrence livermore national laboratory (llnl), byl dnes 2. července 2018 slavnostně spuštěn. na základě evaluce mezinárodní vědeckou kontrolní…
v česku jsou vědci, kteří jsou skutečně jedni z nejlepších na světě, říká carlos moedas. eurokomisař pro výzkum, vědu a inovace přijel minulý týden do česka na pozvání ministra školství…
po evaluaci mezinárodní vědeckou kontrolní skupinou byl pokročilý laserový systém l3 - hapls shledán jako plně funkční a integrovatelný ve výzkumném centru eli beamlines v dolních břežanech. v rámci hodnocení se vědci…
dolní břežany, 18. 4. 2018 - laserová centra eli beamlines a hilase v dolních břežanech již podruhé nabízí středoškolským studentům možnost přihlásit se do talentové akademie. umožní tak dvanácti vybraným…
eli beamlines je evropské výzkumné centrum, v rámci kterého vyvíjí mezinárodní tým vědců nej‎intenzivnější laserový systém na světě. po jeho instalaci a spuštění budeme mít k dispozici unikátní nástroj umožňující průkopnický výzkum nejen v oblasti fyziky a materiálových věd, ale také v biomedicíně a laboratorní astrofyzice .
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eli - np is going to be the most advanced research facility in the world focusing on the study of photonuclear physics and its applications, comprising a very high intensity laser of two 10pw ultra - short pulse lasers and the most brilliant tunable gamma - ray beam .
this unique experimental combination will enable eli - np to tackle a wide range of research topics in fundamental physics, nuclear physics and astrophysics, and also applied research in materials science, management of nuclear materials and life sciences .
γ / s), brilliant γ beam, ~ 0. 1% bandwidth, with e
during the first phase of implementation (2013 - 2015), there were accomplished: recruitment of specialized staff, the components of the first 10pw laser in the world, the first part of gamma beam system and civil constructions .
at eli - np, two well - established scientific communities, high - power lasers and nuclear physics, have joined their efforts to build a new interdisciplinary facility and to define its research program. the scientific case for eli - np, based on the unique features of the high - power laser and gamma beams, was elaborated by an international collaboration of more than 100 scientists from 30 countries and published as the eli - np white book .
1. investigation of the high - power laser - matter interactions using nuclear physics methods in order to study the possibilities of obtaining high quality proton and heavy ion accelerated beams using lasers. 2. the extremely high intensity of the laser beam will allow the study of fundamental physics phenomena anticipated by theory, such as vacuum birefringence and pair creation in intense electric fields. 3. investigation of nuclear structure and cross sections of interest for astrophysics using photonuclear reactions. 4. new methods of identification and remote characterisation of nuclear materials will be investigated with application for homeland security (remote automatic scanning of transport containers) and nuclear material management. 5. new ways of producing more efficiently radioisotopes currently used in medicine and the producing of newly proposed ones. 6. simultaneous use of the high intensity gamma and laser beams will enable fundamental physics studies as pair production in vacuum .
- research activity 2, both with specifications well beyond existing facilities and offering, through their combination, unique features among all the other world - wide planned facilities .
the directions of research to be studied at the new facility, mainly in the field of nuclear physics and related areas, are grouped in three other research activities. strong local teams, continuously growing during implementation phase, will develop state - of - the - art instrumentation for experiments in the emerging field of laser - driven nuclear physics .
the five research activities (high - power laser system, high - brilliance gamma beam, nuclear physics with high - power lasers, nuclear physics and applications with high - brilliance gamma - beams and fundamental physics with combined laser and gamma beams) emerged naturally, as a logical division between the r & d; related to the experimental systems and the research pursued employing them, during the debates within the scientific community. more at :
situated in magurele, only 12 km away from downtown bucharest, the users of the eli - np facility benefit from all of the infrastructures and services provided within the metropolitan area .
concentrating 8 research infrastructures of national interest, magurele has the highest scientific visibility in romania, with five national r & d; institutes (nuclear, laser, plasma & space sciences, material physics, optoelectronics, seismology), one faculty of physics and two engineering companies (optoelectronics & design of nuclear facilities) .
the eli - np facility covers an area of approx. 33, 000 m
of high quality, energy efficient buildings, mostly dedicated to the high - power laser system, gamma - beam production system and instrumentation for experiments .
eli - np will be an open access facility. the civil construction comprises an office building, a guest house and a canteen .
eli - np is overseen by the horia hulubei national institute of physics and nuclear engineering (ifin - hh), dedicated to the research and development in nuclear physics & nuclear engineering and in related areas including astrophysics and particle physic, field theory, mathematical and computational physics, atomic physics, life & environmental physics .
the content of this document does not necessarily represent the official position of the european union or of the government of romania .
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the first operational laser, built in 1960 at the hughes research laboratory was only capable of emitting a series of irregular spikes within each pump pulse. lasers have come a long way since then. the method of chirped - pulse amplification (cpa) in the mid - 80s managed to drive lasers from terawatt to petawatt powers (d. strickland & g. mourou opt. commun. 56, 219–221; 1985). a number of facilities around the world are hosting this class of powerful lasers: notably, the petawatt aquitaine laser (petal) at the laser megajoule facility in france (1. 2 pw; urltoken) and the laser for fast ignition experiments (lfex) at osaka university in japan (2 pw peak power with picosecond pulses; urltoken). however, most of the current facilities are at the low multi - petawatts level with repetition rates — with some exceptions — significantly below 1 hz .
the eli project is expected to push those limits even further. considered by many as the most ambitious research effort for laser technology in recent years, the project began in 2005 and was approved by the european strategy forum on scientific research infrastructures (esfri) the following year (urltoken). this pan - european effort will outperform existing laser facilities by at least a factor of ten with regard to laser peak and average powers. according to wolfgang sandner, who served as director general and ceo of the eli delivery consortium international association (urltoken), eli marks the onset of the next generation of high - peak and high - average - power systems, through a combination of new disruptive technologies: high - power optical parametric chirped pulse amplification, all - diode - pumped systems, coherent beam coupling, advanced active materials, optical surfaces and grating technologies .
these ultra - intense lasers will not only provide high electromagnetic fields but will also make possible the generation of ultrashort and ultrahigh energy beams of particles and radiations up to the tev range. as such, they are expected to primarily impact fundamental physics; gérard mourou, initiator of eli and coordinator of the preparatory phase, comments that these facilities will permit studies of cosmos acceleration, vacuum nonlinearities, dark matter and dark energy, nonlinear quantum electrodynamic and chromodynamic fields, and radiation physics in the vicinity of the schwinger field (urltoken). however, eli is expected to affect other disciplines, including materials research (for example, the dynamics of reactions such as protein activity and protein folding, radiolysis, monitoring of chemical bonds and catalysis processes, as well as the investigation of defect creation and materials aging in nuclear reactors) and medical applications (such as, the production of new medical isotopes relevant to cancer chemotherapy) .
eli was the first esfri project funded by european regional structural funds and national contributions from the host countries, with the total cost for the first three sites approaching €1 billion (urltoken). eli constitutes a bold move towards a more balanced distribution of research capacities in the eu, at the same time placing the european research area at the forefront of laser technology worldwide and opening exciting possibilities for fundamental science .
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urltoken
a scientific industrial park is planned in a 80 - hectare area surround the eli - alps facility and is welcoming all start - up and successful businesses that could utilize the laser research centre and are drawn to szeged by the inspirational atmosphere of the city. the hungarian molecular medicine centre of excellence will also operate in the eli science park and will be established as a large scientific investment of the eu. an automotive industry competence centre may also be formed in conjunction with the university of kecskemét. the first facilities are expected to open in 2019 .
my first impression about szeged was, that it is „a standard lovely western city. you can see colourful buildings everywhere; enjoy the sunshine, walk in the nature, study in the bright, high - tech library”. i think this is a perfect place for students where they can experience sparkling culture diversity, enjoy the peacefulness of everyday life, meet a lot of kind and motivating people, enjoy the inspiring academic atmosphere, taste the food not only from hungary but also from the world. i can call szeged my second home .
i came from a city where young women have recently successfully fought against the mentality that had not allowed them to go to study abroad. 5 years ago families were extremely protective over their daughters, but nowadays it has been changed into a new perception which allows girls to have the freedom to choose their way of life: career and personal development .
university of szeged, hungary h - 6720 szeged, dugonics square 13. phone: (+ 36 - 62) 544 - 000 fax: (+ 36 - 62) 546 - 371
university of szeged faculty of science and informatics 6720 szeged, aradi vértanúk tere 1. e - mail: ttkdh @ urltoken
the government is providing support for the innovative project to be implemented in szeged amongst national programmes within the framework of the new széchenyi plan. due to its key significance the implementation will be directly supervised by the ministry of national development. the national programmes of the new széchenyi plan include large projects resulting in considerable benefits to the union and take account of all regions. we backed the eli programme with the hope and the definite idea that it could become the engine for significant regional economic and social developments .
the eli - programme reflects the spirit expressed in the new széchenyi plan: the cooperation of the hungarian scientific and economic sphere is essential for the successful operation of the research base. the key return of the project is the knowledge transfer, which could develop the region into an economic, innovative and scientific centre .
the programme that will be implemented in a european cooperation will not end with the completion of the facility and the international research centre: the eli represents a huge opportunity for the hungarian and international scientific world, potentially influencing higher education in hungary and having a beneficial effect on the economy in the szeged region – including cross - border areas with serbia and romania .
besides hungary, the czech republic, france, great britain and romania also applied to build the facility. after careful consideration, the management of the preparatory project made the final decision on 1 october 2010 to have the eli built on three sites focusing on slightly differing but complementing scientific programmes :
the completion of the laser centre in szeged will act as a magnet (stimulating force) for the technical - scientific development of hungary and the competitiveness of the background industries, as well as strengthen the economy of the region. by becoming one of the regional centres of international scientific life it will be a contributory factor in attracting foreign experts and in the resettlement of hungarian researchers .
© national research, development and innovation office h - 1077 bp, kéthly anna tér 1. , phone: (+ 361) 795 9500
funded by directorate - general for research & innovation of the european commission and involving more than 40 european academic and research institutions, the preparatory phase of eli (€6 million: 2007 - 2010) proved successful in gaining growing interest and support from the international scientific community and in bringing the project to a level of scientific, technical, legal and financial maturity enabling its implementation .
eli’s novelty goes beyond science. funded by means of structural funds, the project represents a remarkable example of how the instruments of the eu’s regional policy can be used to serve both the objective of economic cohesion and the development of the european research area. the three eli facilities will be co - funded by structural funds from the european regional development fund (erdf). the eli beamlines facility, located in the czech republic, was approved for funding by the european commission on 20 april 2011 (€ 236 million, out of the total € 278 million budget, being funded by structural funds). the eli nuclear physics facility is granted € 180 million funding by the european commission for its first phase until 2015 (ec decision on 18 september 2012). it is located in măgurele (south of bucharest) in romania and is expected to be operational in 2015. the total budget of eli - np amounts to € 356. 2 million. the eli attosecond facility, with a total budget of about € 245 million, in szeged, hungary, will submit a grant application to the european commission in autumn 2012 .
resulting from a truly pan - european effort, the project is expected to deliver high scientific and economic impact at both european and regional levels: the development of the local scientific communities of course, but also numerous opportunities of technological collaboration and knowledge transfer between the research community and the industry, with huge potential economic impact for the hosting regions, but also for society at large, in particular in the field of material sciences and medicine. collaboration with the local authorities and the actors of the research and innovation system will be a key success factor in the three countries to develop an environment enabling the diffusion of eli’s benefits and their sustainable appropriation by the region. at the level of the european research area, eli will represent a significant and long - term contribution for the integration of europe’s research system, for a more balanced distribution of research capacities in the eu and, eventually, an opportunity for more and better mobility of researchers and knowledge throughout the continent .
contact persons: eli beamlines facility: vlastimil růžička (ruzickav @ fzu. cz) eli nuclear physics facility: nicolae - victor zamfir (dirgen @ nipne. ro) eli attosecond laser pulse source facility: lorant lehrner (lorant. lehrner @ eli - hu. hu) eli delivery consortium: florian gliksohn (florian. gliksohn @ eli - laser. eu )
save the date: launch of the esfri roadmap 2018 event | 11. 09. 2018 | aula der wissenschaften, vienna
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talking about viktor orbán’s stamina. after the grueling five - day trip to beijing and a busy last week and weekend, today orbán went to the city of szeged to open the eli laser center .
it was on october 1, 2009 that the eu decided to give these three former communist countries a mandate to proceed with the construction of eli facilities. being a pan - european project, 85% of all costs would be covered from the european regional development fund. there was only one caveat: these governments didn’t receive extra resources from the european union for these facilities. they had to use a small portion of their seven - year budget that came from the european union. it was gordon bajnai’s government that signed the agreement, but the whole project, including the decision to construct the center in szeged, began in 2006 during the second gyurcsány government .
with this timetable in mind, let’s turn to viktor orbán’s speech at the ribbon cutting. first, he made sure that his audience understands that “this facility is not a gift” from the european union. it was paid partly from the country’s own resources and partly from monies hungary received from the european union. and since, in his opinion, hungary is entitled to the money it receives from the european union, orbán considers the money coming from brussels to be part of the country’s own resources, which could be used in any way he wants. it was a hard decision, he said, because 70 - 80 billion forints for a single project is a lot. yet “in 2011 we decided, i believe correctly, to build the largest scientific institution in hungary’s modern history. ” (the ferenc puskás stadium will cost hungarian taxpayers 200 billion forints, and the cost of the world aquatic games has reached 100 billion and counting. )
what happened between october 1, 2009, when the bajnai government gave its blessing to the project, and 2012, when the orbán government decided to build the facility? well, one obvious event was the may 2010 national election when viktor orbán again became prime minister of hungary. without dwelling on this three - year gap, orbán said that “today at the time of success, it is unnecessary to recall disputes at the time, but it was seriously debated whether to concentrate on one large investment or not. ” the truth is that the orbán government refused to honor the bajnai government’s offer of 200 million euros for its construction. shortly after the election, it withheld one billion forints promised earlier for the planning stage of the project .
before the municipal elections in october 2010, lajos kósa, vice chairman of fidesz, and the fidesz candidate for the mayoralty in szeged held a joint press conference during which they accused the socialist mayor, lászló botka, of misleading the people of szeged. they claimed that no money whatsoever will be coming from the european union. but, they added, the orbán government is all in favor of the project and is trying to find the necessary funds, which is not easy under the present financial circumstances .
of course, all this was just a charade to mislead the people of szeged, who were naturally keen to have this prestigious project built in their city. the government wanted to use the eu monies for something else, and behind the scenes they were trying to convince the european union to allow them to abandon the project. as late as august 2012 there was still no decision. lászló botka, in an interview at the time, expressed his fear that the project would be cancelled. “some people are convinced that orbán is reluctant to spend 10 billion forints on szeged. apparently he is thinking of spending this amount of money on fidesz - led cities. for example, he could divide the amount among 3, 000 bakers, ” he said sarcastically, since apparently the government was thinking of subsidizing small - and medium - size businesses from the money .
orbán now talks about the laser center as being of “tremendous value” and proudly claimed in his speech that the very existence of the eli center is proof of fidesz’s even - handedness. too bad that some people have a good memory .
angela merkel antal rogán anti - semitism attila mesterházy bernadett szél budapest corruption demokratikus koalíció dk donald trump education european commission european parliament european union ferenc gyurcsány fidesz george soros gordon bajnai györgy matolcsy gábor vona holocaust jean - claude juncker jobbik jános lázár lajos simicska lmp lászló botka lászló kövér magyar nemzet media mszp mária schmidt orbán government politics péter szijjártó refugee crisis refugees russia u. s. - hungarian relations ukraine united states viktor orbán vladimir putin zoltán balog zsolt bayer
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since dana strickland and gerard mourou have invented the cpa scheme [ 1 ], ultra - intense laser systems have been developed and have been deployed all over the world covering many physics applications such as particle acceleration, laser fusion, eos etc. fast ignition in laser fusion involves a short laser pulse within 1 - 10 pico seconds in the experiments at laser intensities at 10 18 w / cm 2 or high above and has been my major research subject for more than 15 years [ 2 ] .
how high can we reach in the laser systems? what kind of physics can be tested? to answer these questions 10 23 w / cm 2 intensity has been recently claimed to be built as an experimental platform at eli - np [ 3 ] where i am going to be deeply involved as the science director as of sept 2016 .
the eli - np will be introduced after my brief review of laser plasma physics history .
1. d. strickland and g. mourou: opt. commun. 56 (1985) 219 .
2. m tabak, d hinkel, s atzeni, em campbell, and ka tanaka, fus. sci. tech. , 49, 254 (2006 )
on the eli - np project, thales is not only responsible for the turnkey development and supply of a complex scientific instrument delivering unprecedented levels of power, but will train romanian engineers and technicians to install and operate the system for european research programmes .
the field of the uncharted territory of high - intensity laser interaction with matter is confronted with new exotic phenomena and, consequently, opens new research perspectives. the intense laser beams interacting with a gas or solid target generate beams of electrons, protons and ions. these beams can induce nuclear reactions. electrons also generate ions high - energy photons via bremsstrahlung processes which can also induce nuclear reactions. in this context a new research domain began to form in the last decade or so, namely nuclear physics with high power lasers. the observation of high brilliance proton beams of tens of mev energy from solid targets has stimulated an intense research activity. the laser - driven particle beams have to compete with conventional nuclear accelerator - generated beams. the ultimate goal is aiming at applications of the laser produced beams in research, technology and medicine. the mechanism responsible for ion acceleration are currently subject of intensive research in many laboratories in the world. the existing results, experimental and theoretical, and their perspectives are reviewed in this article in the context of izest and the scientific program of eli - np .
these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .
see the review article by g. mourou, t. tajima, s. bulanov, rev. mod. phys .
k. w. d. ledingham, w. galster, new j. phys .
d. habs, t. tajima, v. zamfir, nuclear phys. news
( eds .), d. habs et al. (2010) ,
e. l. clark, et al. , phys. rev. lett .
r. a. snavely, et al. , phys. rev. lett .
a. p. l. robinson, et al. , new j. phys .
b. m. hegelich, et al. , new j. phys .
l. o. silva, et al. , phys. rev. lett .
see for ex. s. s. bulanov, et al. , phys. rev. e
the extreme light infrastructure ( eli ) is a new research infrastructure ( ri ) of pan-european interest and part of the european esfri roadmap . it is a laser facility that aims to host the most intense beamline system worldwide , develop new interdisciplinary research opportunities with light from these lasers and secondary radiation derived from them , and make them available to an international scientific user community . it will be the world 's biggest and first international user facility in beamline and laser research . the facility will be based on four sites . three of them are presently being implemented in the czech republic , hungary and romania , with an investment volume exceeding € 850 million , mostly stemming from the european regional development fund ( erdf ) . in dolní břežany , near prague , czech republic , the eli-beamlines facility will mainly focus on the development of short-pulse secondary sources of radiation and particles . the eli attosecond light pulse source ( eli-alps ) in szeged , hungary is establishing a unique facility which provides light sources within an extremely broad frequency range in the form of ultrashort pulses with high repetition rate . in măgurele , romania , the eli nuclear physics ( eli-np ) facility will focus on laser-based nuclear physics . the location of eli 's fourth pillar , the highest-intensity pillar , is still to be decided . its laser power is expected to exceed that of the current eli pillars by about one order of magnitude . 
the extreme light infrastructure (eli) is a new research infrastructure (ri) of pan-european interest and part of the european esfri roadmap. it is a laser facility that aims to host the most intense beamline system worldwide, develop new interdisciplinary research opportunities with light from these lasers and secondary radiation derived from them, and make them available to an international scientific user community. it will be the world's biggest and first international user facility in beamline and laser research. the facility will be based on four sites. three of them are presently being implemented in the czech republic, hungary and romania, with an investment volume exceeding € 850 million, mostly stemming from the european regional development fund (erdf). in dolní břežany, near prague, czech republic, the eli-beamlines facility will mainly focus on the development of short-pulse secondary sources of radiation and particles. the eli attosecond light pulse source (eli-alps) in szeged, hungary is establishing a unique facility which provides light sources within an extremely broad frequency range in the form of ultrashort pulses with high repetition rate. in măgurele, romania, the eli nuclear physics (eli-np) facility will focus on laser-based nuclear physics. the location of eli's fourth pillar, the highest-intensity pillar, is still to be decided. its laser power is expected to exceed that of the current eli pillars by about one order of magnitude.
the extreme light infrastructure (eli) is a new research infrastructure (ri) of pan-european interest and part of the european esfri roadmap. it is a laser facility that aims to host the most intense beamline system worldwide, develop new interdisciplinary research opportunities with light from these lasers and secondary radiation derived from them, and make them available to an international scientific user community. it will be the world's biggest and first international user facility in beamline and laser research. the facility will be based on four sites. three of them are presently being implemented in the czech republic, hungary and romania, with an investment volume exceeding € 850 million, mostly stemming from the european regional development fund (erdf). in dolní břežany, near prague, czech republic, the eli-beamlines facility will mainly focus on the development of short-pulse secondary sources of radiation and particles. the eli attosecond light pulse source (eli-alps) in szeged, hungary is establishing a unique facility which provides light sources within an extremely broad frequency range in the form of ultrashort pulses with high repetition rate. in măgurele, romania, the eli nuclear physics (eli-np) facility will focus on laser-based nuclear physics. the location of eli's fourth pillar, the highest-intensity pillar, is still to be decided. its laser power is expected to exceed that of the current eli pillars by about one order of magnitude.