canadian regional airlines
american airlines, cathay pacific, delta, japan airlines and air france - klm .
a number of canadian carriers entered and exited the market between 2007–2011, with the most notable entry being sky regional airlines and exits including leisure carriers harmony airways in 2007, zoom airlines in 2008 and skyservice airlines 12 in 2010 .
porter airlines, a regional airline headquartered in toronto operating regularly scheduled flights between toronto and 19 19 canadian and american locations. porter flies 26 canadian - built bombardier dash - 8 q400 turboprop aircraft .
the merged company was renamed canadian airlines international (cail). the new company (cail) would soon include wardair, eastern provincial airlines (epa), nordair, transair, and regional carriers air inter (renamed inter - canadian) and timeair .
fly low - cost airlines you can search flights from most of low cost airlines. [ 6 ]
many other canadian airlines also offer passenger and / or cargo services. these include, among others, sunwing, canjet, first air, canadian north, air north, air creebec, air inuit, bearskin airlines, perimeter airlines, air express ontario, air labrador, provincial airlines, air saguenay, flair airlines, kenn borek air and propair .
beth had worked all the difficult years with canadian airlines in passenger service and had made every sacrifice .
at phoenix sky harbor international airport american airlines regional jets sit on the tarmac as american airlines says seven regional flights have been delayed and 43 have been canceled because of a heat wave as temperatures climb to near - record highs tuesday, june 20, 2017, in phoenix .
james richardson was able to tap into that funding and his bush pilot companies he brought together became known as canadian airways limited. in 1941 - 42, the cpr bought his company and ten other small bush airlines to form canadian pacific airlines .
local lodge 764 grew in jurisdiction as a result of the corporate merger or takeovers by canadian pacific airlines (cpa). cpa was bought by pacific western airlines (pwa) in 1987 .
grow the business by leveraging our regional aviation expertise and strong relationships with customers and employees .
according to american airlines, whose regional affiliates skywest and mesa fly the crj, the commuter plane is only certified to fly at temperatures below 48 degrees celsius .
for 31 years, the union and the company (first canadian airways, and later canadian pacific airlines (cpair), had been able to negotiate collective agreements without resorting to industrial action .
the study includes all low cost carriers operating in september 2002 and a close to full sample of regional carriers operating scheduled services at atsc listed airports in september 2002. the sample includes regional carriers serving at least two atsc listed airports based on a preliminary list of routes served by regional carriers. the routes examined were restricted to canadian domestic routes operated by these air carriers .
air transport is an important component of canada' s overall transportation mix, with local, regional, national and international airlines flying passengers and cargo to destinations across the country and around the world .
the two major airlines in canada – canadian pacific and trans - canada airlines – often chose different aircraft to compete. canadian pacific used the douglas dc6 - b to compete against tca’s north star (canada’s version of the dc4) and the lockheed super constellation. the turbine era saw canadian pacific adopt the bristol brittania (called by many the whispering giant) in competition to tca’s vickers viscounts and vanguards .
finally, the canadian air transport security authority (catsa) is responsible for security screening at designated canadian airports and operates under provisions in the aeronautics act. catsa is a canadian crown corporation created in 2002 under the canadian air transport security authority act and reports to the government of canada through the minister of transport .
selection of carriers – low cost and regional air carriers providing scheduled services to at least two atsc listed airports were identified .
canadian air carriers are also subject to regulations governing foreign ownership. to operate air passenger services in canada a company must belong to a canadian citizen or canadian resident or be subject to de facto canadian control, whereby at least 75% of the voting shares must belong to canadians. this restriction ensures that foreign interests cannot gain voting control of a canadian carrier. similar regulations exist in other countries .
statistics canada. catalogue 51 - 206. canadian civil aviation, various years .
the load factors achieved by regional carriers vary considerably and are typically lower than for mainline and low cost carriers. seven regional carriers provided information on average load factors, several by route. average load factors varied from 25% to 63% and averaged 50. 4% . a load factor of 50% was used for regional carriers that did not provide this type of information .
free enterprise capital for air transport was provided by the canadian pacific corporation, who funded their airline acquisition efforts through an arm of the canadian pacific (cpr) railroad .
in the same manner, the government of canada created trans - canada airlines as an arm of the canadian national (cnr) railroad. with the canadian pacific board of directors british - dominated, the government wanted tca to be free of british influence and domination. the canadian government would not allow direct competition on the same route by cpa and tca .
aegean airlines [ 59 ] operates from athens to the greek islands and the biggest cities of europe .
transport canada is also working with the federal aviation administration (faa) to streamline faa validations of canadian design approvals in support of the business needs of the canadian aviation industry .
europe has a number of low cost airlines, some of the largest and most established being easyjet, ryanair norwegian and wizz air. these airlines have stirred up air travel within europe by dramatically cutting fares .
and it’s all due to one particularly heat - sensitive canadian aircraft: the bombardier crj .
the low - cost airlines guide has useful pages on low cost carriers sorted by country. [ 7 ]
selection of carriers – a list of air carriers certified to provide scheduled services was obtained from transport canada, civil aviation. regional carriers operating commuter sized (10 to 19 seat) aircraft or larger on scheduled services and new entrant low cost airlines which are currently providing scheduled service were identified. from this, a list of low cost and regional airlines to be included in the study was produced. the list of carriers surveyed and summary information on the fleet and points served are presented in appendix a .
a review of trends in air traffic was conducted for low cost carriers, for selected short haul city pair markets, and for other regional markets .
brussels airlines [ 46 ], the successor of sn brussels airlines and virgin express, operates from brussels to destinations in italy, spain, greece, germany, switzerland, the uk and other countries. with b. light, fares start at €99 all inclusive, return. brussels airlines also has an extensive network of destinations in africa .
there are a large number of diverse air carriers providing regional and local services in canada. exhibit iii - 3 provides a summary of the larger regional carriers considered in this study. the largest carrier, air canada jazz, provides almost 60% of the seat kilometers for the group. carriers operating in the north account for about 25% and numerous small carriers in southern canada account for about 14% of the total seat kilometers of the surveyed regional carriers .
it should be noted that the regional carriers surveyed do not represent a complete sample of this type of carrier. regional carriers were selected if they operate at two or more atsc listed airports based on preliminary information and should cover almost all regional carriers serving routes where the atsc applies. however, there are a number of carriers which provide services where the atsc does not apply. a number of the larger carriers excluded from the survey and the asks they provide are given below :
the union said in its application to the board that its members no longer perform maintenance work on 15 embraer aircraft that air canada has transferred to sky regional .
on december 17, 1985 cpair changes its name to canadian pacific airlines and its aircraft colours from orange to pacific blue on the lower portions, sky white on the upper sections, and a separation stripe of corporate red around the middle. in december 1986, canadian pacific ltd. , tired of continuous loses with its airline division, sells cp air to pacific western airlines (pwa) of alberta. the sale is completed in early 1987 .
in 2011 the canadian general standards board (cgsb) amended canadian aviation fuel standards for jet a and jet a - 1 to allow up to a 50% blend of synthetic source material in jet fuel .
as the comparison between canadian and american air carriers suggests, network size is indeed an important efficiency consideration. canadian air carriers are competitive with the major american air carriers only because of the foreign ownership restriction, in the absence of which an independent air canada and canadian would not be possible in a deregulated international market environment .
these notices were published in major canadian newspapers and were part of the union’s efforts to present their side of the dispute to the traveling canadian public. source: vancouver province, production proof dated aug. 15, 1973
the excluded carriers in each region account for 4. 4% and 5. 7% of the ask of regional carriers in the southern and northern regions, respectively .
yusufali, sasha. 2006. air canada. the canadian encyclopedia urltoken (accessed july 9, 2018) .
opt for return tickets, but keep in mind, in most cases airlines will charge extra fees for changes of date or time .
easyjet, ryanair, kibris turkish airlines, norwegian. no, germanwings, atlantic airways, blue1, atlasjet, transavia, fly niki
during the same period, the lethbridge airport also played an important role in the development of canada' s regional air carrier industry. serving as a home base to time air, a small regional carrier set up by stubb ross, a local pilot and businessman, the airport eventually became southern alberta' s regional air service hub. time air initially provided service within southern alberta with beach 18, short 330 and 340 aircraft and eventually expanded its network to cover most of western canada with f - 27 and dash - 8 aircraft .
cityjet, an ireland - based regional carrier that recently signed an order for six new crjs, told the national post that they would never encounter anything as extreme as 48 c .
the return airfare was estimated to be less than $ 200 for 6% of passengers on regional air carriers, and between $ 200 and $ 400 for 37% of passengers .
rev: sasha yusufali. 2006. air canada. the canadian encyclopedia urltoken (accessed july 9, 2018) .
airbaltic, blue wings, brussels airlines, easyjet, flybe, germanwings, hamburg international, intersky, norwegian. no, pegasus, tuifly ,
the machinist union, already present in both railroads, moved quickly to unionize the mechanics and ground workers employed by the two airlines in canada .
the canadian airline industry is unique in that its market environment and cost structures have led to the development of a duopoly in scheduled services, with regional competitors in charter services. these factors have also contributed to the emergence of both a vertically integrated structure, which includes computer reservation and tourist agent services, and a horizontally integrated structure through mergers with regional and specialized local air carriers and strategic alliances with foreign air carriers. finally, fares are a lot more complex, strategic and efficient than they were under regulation .
following the purchase of cpair by pwa in 1987, the ceo of pwa, rhys t. eaton, became the ceo of the renamed company canadian airlines international (cail). rhys and the renaming were but one of many unwanted changes to come in the 1990’s .
under air canada' s control and direction, aircraft and routes are being transferred to air canada rouge and sky regional airlines ,
the union' s district lodge 140 chairman fred hospes said in a statement .
we have filed these applications to allow us to protect work done by our members and their jobs at air canada .
kevin smith, vp of regional aircraft for bombardier commercial aircraft, remarked that the q400 has played an extremely important role for the airport and the business model of porter airlines. with 70 seats on board in a 2 x 2 configuration, porter passengers can expect roomy, comfortable leather seats and a high - frequency schedule from toronto to beyond .
aircraft boneyard at pinal air park, marana arizona. site is currently managed by evergreen international airlines. aircraft are either stored or dismantled on site .
the objective of this study is to enhance the government' s understanding of low cost and regional carriers and to assist in the consideration of the implications of the atsc to those segments of the industry .
in addition to the national services provided by nav canada, approximately 200 other organizations provide air navigation services on a local or regional basis. transport canada regulates and oversees this industry to verify its safety .
those of air canada. in terms of passengers and rtks per destination, canadian trails air canada by 7. 3% and 0. 5% , respectively; but, in terms of rpks per destination, canadian has surpassed air canada by 6% .
yusufali, s. . r. the canadian encyclopedia. (2006). air canada. retrieved july 9, 2018 from urltoken
yusufali, s. . r. the canadian encyclopedia. (2006). air canada. retrieved july 9, 2018 from urltoken
yusufali, sasha .
air canada .
in the canadian encyclopedia. historica canada, 1985—. article published february 7, 2006
bain, donald m. canadian pacific air lines: its history and aircraft. kishornpublications, calgary 1987. paperback, pp. 126
canadian airways based in winnipeg, was unionized in 1941, and a charter granted to local lodge 764 to represent these members. the governmental effort trans - canada airlines was also quickly unionized, and represented in the east by local lodge 1751, and in the west by local lodge 714 .
airtransat [ 69 ] is a canadian airline which operates from several canadian cities (calgary, edmonton, halifax, montreal, ottawa, toronto, vancouver and québec city) to the uk and europe (fares are from $ 99 all inclusive, one - way. )
do check out deals from the traditional carriers as well, especially on return trips they may have offers rivalling those of the discount carriers. following competition from discount airlines, traditional carriers such as ba have also cut their fares on competing routes, and are often only about 20% more expensive than discount airlines, a price worth paying if the journey to the airport is cheaper and faster. sometimes they can even be cheaper than discount airlines, especially during public holidays .
but of all the airlines that fly the crj, those operating out of phoenix might be the only ones in which the crj’s heat sensitivity poses a problem .
yusufali, sasha .
air canada
. the canadian encyclopedia. toronto: historica canada, 2006. web. 7 feb 2006 .
yusufali, sasha .
air canada
. the canadian encyclopedia. toronto: historica canada, 2006. web. 7 feb 2006 .
rev: sasha yusufali, r. the canadian encyclopedia. (2006). air canada. retrieved july 9, 2018, from urltoken
airline transportation remains one of the safest means of travel for canadians. during the last five years, canadian - registered airlines operating under the canadian aviation regulations (car s) have averaged 3. 6 accidents a year for an accident rate of 0. 11 per 100, 000 airline movements. despite these trends, another trend, the rise in airline traffic, continues to spur numerous efforts to make this mode of transport even safer .
discount airlines are often much more strict about their fares. for example, you have to pay an extra fee for your baggage, e. g. 25 € one - way at ryanair. while in traditional airlines they usually allow some baggage over the weight limit, wizzair will charge you €6 for each kg over the limit. also, some airlines have lower limits than the usual 20 kg. a few kilograms of weight can double your ticket price. check your terms carefully and weigh your luggage before a journey. you should weigh and measure your hand luggage too; some discount airlines have lattice boxes at the gate to measure your hand luggage .
the original four were sold to worldways canada of toronto in 1983. the eastern airlines dc8 - 63 was sold to cammacorp in 1982 and converted to a freighter .
the six air canada l1011 - 500 series aircraft (ac551 - 556) sold to delta were operated until consigned to desert storage after 1990. ac551 was scrapped. two saw later use. one was sold (ac554) to congo airlines, which later became hewa bora airlines, and was operated until replaced in 2007 with a b767. the other (ac552) was sold to yes charter airlines of portugal and was operated until january 2007. the aircraft is currently being dismantled at lisbon .
regional air carriers account for approximately 16% of asks on domestic flights in canada. they provide air service between about 850 city pairs (excluding connections), carrying roughly 70, 000 passenger per week in september 2002 .
when discussing aerodromes and the safety of canadian airports, runway safety has been a prominent talking point. on march 16, 2010, the transportation safety board of canada (tsb) indicated that further measures were needed to reduce the risk of landing accidents and runway overruns at canadian airports .
rev: sasha yusufali .
air canada
in the canadian encyclopedia. historica canada, 1985–. article published february 6, 2006. urltoken
remote communities, those where there is no reliable year round surface transportation, account for 15% of passengers on the regional carriers surveyed. the atsc applies on only a small portion (about 14 %) of these trips .
pegasus airlines [ 63 ] operates from istanbul to germany, netherlands, switzerland, france, denmark, great britain, austria, greece, ukraine and a domestic network .
local lodge 764 had jurisdiction for line stations in the canadian pacific airlines operation in canada from whitehorse through to halifax. with the explosive growth of the airline in the 1980’s, separate local lodges were created in alberta (ll1681), manitoba (ll2223), ontario (ll2734) and the maritimes (ll1763) .
the second policy is
cabotage ,
whereby a canadian airline could carry canadians from one point to another in the united states and vice versa .
mitchell, d. canadian air transportation services: a quantitative evaluation. report prepared for the ministerial task force on international air policy. july 1991 .
in the mid 1980’s cpair completed the purchase of nordair and eastern provincial airlines (epa). most of the b737’s from these two airlines were integrated into the cpair fleet, and some were sold. nordair and epa employees became members of local lodge 764. cpair also entered into marketing arrangements with airbc, then owned by businessman jim pattison .
fare analysis – analyses were conducted to provide an assessment of how often the atsc is applicable, in terms of numbers of routes, seats and passengers, and the effect of the charge on airfares of low cost and regional carriers .
the airline industry makes a significant contribution to the canadian economy. in 1991, for example, the industry generated $ 7. 6 billion in operating revenues and employed 53, 000 people. moreover, the airlines carried 32 million passengers on domestic and international flights, and almost 640 million kilograms of cargo. (1 )
air canada' s largest union wants the canada industrial relations board to declare that the airline itself is the employer of workers at its rouge and sky regional units, a move that the union hopes will prevent outsourcing of its members jobs .
rev: sasha yusufali
air canada
the canadian encyclopedia. eds. . toronto: historica canada, 2006. web. 9 jul. 2018 .
by 1935, bush pilot companies were opening up the canadian north james richardson, a wealthy grain dealer in winnipeg, began buying up small bush companies .
canadian airways lodge 764 7980 river road, richmond b. c. v6x 1x7 phone: 604 - 273 - 9668 fax: 604 - 273 - 9670
since deregulation, the pricing strategies pursued by an airline have become crucial to success. in this respect, it appears that air canada has outperformed canadian by about 5% over the past five years when evaluated in terms of yield per rpk. operating costs per ask at air canada have, however, been about 25% higher than at canadian. consequently, canadian has significantly outperformed air canada in terms of operating margins over this period (see table 4) .
hamilton kingston kitchener / waterloo regional london north bay ottawa (macdonald - cartier int' l) sarnia (chris hadfield) sault ste. marie sudbury thunder bay timmins toronto / buttonville munic. toronto (city centre) toronto (lbpia) windsor
in the coming years, high fuel costs will continue to challenge the air industry, as will intense competition, while margins will continue to be thin in many markets. some airlines—notably air canada—also face the challenge of negotiating new labour agreements. environmental considerations—for example, emissions trading and noise—will increasingly factor into airlines' operational decisions as they seek ways to mitigate their environmental footprint .
in june 2005, canadian air carriers and transport canada signed the world' s first voluntary agreement to address ghg emissions from both domestic and international aviation operations. this agreement established canada (a tac) and the national airlines council of canada (nacc) report annually on the amount of fuel burned and activity measures such as available - seat kilometres. 25
these programs included parking a dc8 - 43 for a year, selling various aircraft, deferring aircraft purchases and leasing aircraft to other airlines, and employee lay - offs, which effected the members of local lodge 764. four b747 - 217 aircraft were traded to pakistani airlines in exchange for four dc10 - 30’s. maintenance members of local lodge 764 dubbed these four dc10’s the roach coaches .
in contrast, canadian offered scheduled services to 42 destinations in 1991: 17 domestic and 25 foreign. in 1989, when pwa acquired wardair inc. , the number of destinations served by canadian was 78. this rationalization, particularly domestic destinations, has permitted the airline to realize significant economies of traffic density. the numbers of passengers, rpks and rtks per destination have grown by 58% , 60% and 50% , respectively, in just two years. consequently, canadian has realized economies comparable to
in 1984 economic regulatory reform (err) introduced a deregulation program that generated significant changes in the airline industry. air canada and canadian airlines international limited (cai) emerged as the country' s trunk carriers competing on most major domestic routes. the regional airline industry disappeared and commuter airline
families
owned by the major carriers emerged. these airline families were incorporated into a mega - carrier structure, with air canada joining the united / lufthansa - led star alliance and cai joining the american / british airways - led
oneworld
structure. the mega - carrier alliances competed with each other and with other international conglomerations .
both cpa and tca experienced tremendous growth in the 1960’s, and also had to deal with huge technological change. the piston driven and turbine aircraft gave way to the jet turbine, and both airlines invested heavily in mcdonnell - douglas and boeing products. both airlines had dc8’s in various models for long haul flights. for short haul work, cpa chose the b737 while tca chose the dc9 .
as if the faltering canadian economy was not enough to challenge the embattled cail, the mulroney federal government made the situation worse by initiating the open skies policy in 1996 .
the term low cost carrier refers to airlines that have specialized in providing low priced travel, as distinct from mainline carriers who cater to a wide range of travellers and markets. not only do low cost carriers focus on specific markets, their businesses are organized to provide the low operating cost structure that allows them to remain profitable in a highly competitive regime. some of the characteristics of these airlines include :
very few low - cost carriers offer connecting tickets with different airlines. one such low - cost carrier is air berlin which has code - shares and is part of the one world global airline alliance .
transport canada repatriated full responsibility for certification and oversight of business aviation operating under a private operator passenger transportation certificate. 11 this was previously delegated to the canadian business aviation association .
canada has adopted these icao standards for aircraft and engine emissions and references them in its airworthiness manual chapter 516, made pursuant to the canadian aviation regulations and under the aeronautics act .
render, shirley. the inside story of double cross: james a. richardson and canadian airways. douglas & mcintyre ltd. , vancouver, 1999. hardcover, pp. 334
in response to new terrorist tactics, transport canada introduced millimetre - wave full - body screening technology at major canadian airports in 2010. by the end of 2011, 53 such scanners had been deployed at 23 airports. transport canada is also exploring the benefits of advanced auto - detection software for this equipment, and will consider deployment of the software at canadian airports .
recently a number of industry analysts have asked whether the limit on foreign ownership should be raised. it is thought that this would give canadian carriers greater flexibility in reaching agreements with foreign carriers and provide for more efficient global air networks. most experts feel, however, that, for security reasons, effective control of canadian carriers must continue to be exercised by canadians .
in terms of carrier - specific performance, air canada and its regional affiliates transported almost 34 million passengers and posted a load factor 5 of 81. 6% , while westjet carried more than 16 million passengers and posted a load factor of 79. 7% . porter airlines carried 2. 1 million passengers and posted a load factor of 61. 7% . major scheduled carriers and charters reported an overall load factor of about 73% in 2011 compared to 74. 1% in 2010 .
more specifically, canadian' s workers are more than 30% more productive than air canada' s workers when measured in terms of physical output variables such as rtks and asks per employee. in terms of operating revenue per employee, however, canadian' s workers are only about 4% more productive than air canada' s workers (this discrepancy is attributable to air canada' s better yield per rpk). furthermore, canadian employees receive less pay than air canada employees, by about 6% on average. as labour costs account for about 30% of an airline' s overall operating expenses, canadian' s tighter control of labour costs largely explains its lower operating cost per ask and greater operating margin relative to air canada .
the comparison reveals that network size is an important determinant of firm efficiency. those ranked the highest in terms of rtks performed, by and large, were those ranked the highest in terms of return on capital. in fact, three of the four smaller major american airlines (america west, twa and continental) filed for bankruptcy protection in the subsequent year. canadian, the smaller of canada' s two national airlines, required a merger and government assistance to remain solvent in 1992. the recession' s next victim might be usair, unless drastic corrective actions are taken, for example a merger with british airways .
as part of the government' s commitment to review the atsc, the department of finance engaged the firm of sypher: mueller international to collect data from low cost and regional air carriers to enhance the government' s understanding of these carriers and to assist the government in considering the application of the atsc to these segments of the air transportation industry. the primary focus was on the collection of data on the routes and fares offered by low cost and regional air carriers and determining the proportion of routes where the charge applies and the effect of the charge on representative airfares for those routes .
the name of the airline was changed by an act of parliament from trans - canada airlines to air canada in 1964. under the air canada act of 1977, the airline' s charter was brought up to date .
air canada, on the other hand, appears to have outperformed canadian in terms of its capital and fuel costs. air canada is somewhere between 5% and 12% more efficient in terms of its capital costs when measured by passenger load factors and fixed asset turnover rates, respectively. air canada has also managed to buy its jet fuel at a 3% lower price than canadian; and its fuel consumption per rtm is about 3% less, thereby making air canada' s fleet about 6% more fuel efficient than canadian' s fleet (see table 5) .
competition for aer lingus regional services currently operated by stobart air routes is set to increase once the current contract expires in the next few years. according to the irish independent, both cityjet (wx, dublin int' l) and air nostrum' s nascent hibernian airlines (dublin int' l) unit are looking to submit bids. according to the ch - aviation capacity module, stobart air currently operates services out of dublin int' l, cork, and shannon mostly to the united kingdom under the aer ...
the canada - european union bilateral aviation safety agreement came into force in 2011. under this agreement, the european aviation safety agency (e asa) will recognize certification of canadian aviation products and services and vice versa, allowing the canadian aviation industry to be more competitive in the european market. e asa and transport canada will also work together to enhance civil aviation safety by resolving safety issues .
the various 737s, 747s and 777s made by boeing can stay in operation until temperatures hit 52 c, an american airlines spokesman told the national post. french - made airbus products, meanwhile, can operate until 53 c .
economies of traffic density and passenger load factors, although they appear to be correlated, also shed light on the relative performances of the airlines. northwest surpasses american, even though it has a smaller network, because it outperforms american in terms of passenger load factors. air canada and canadian outperform their larger counterparts because they are ranked number one and two, respectively, in terms of rtks per point served and passenger load factors .
blue1 [ 66 ], a scandinavian airlines subsidiary and a star alliance member, operate routes within europe (mainly from helsinki) and eight different cities in finland. not really low - cost, but often offers very competitive prices .
the aeronautics act, administered by transport canada, provides broad regulation - making authority over airlines, airports, airspace and aircraft through certification and regulation. the certification process is regulated by the canadian aviation regulations made pursuant to the aeronautics act, and is applicable to aircraft both manufactured and registered in canada. under the 1944 chicago convention, the same rules—including those related to environmental protection—must be applicable to both the domestic and international aspects of aviation .
while economies of scale in the industry are negligible, the main advantages stemming from size come from the demand side. consumers, for previously stated reasons, prefer large airlines and are willing to pay a premium for their services. therefore the size of the airline is an important competitiveness consideration. from table 3, depending on the indicator, canadian is somewhere between 80% and 95% of the size of air canada. canadian is: 81% of the size of air canada in terms of passengers carried; 93% of the size of air canada in terms of rpks; and 87% of the size of air canada in terms of rtks .
the first was a douglas dc8 - 51, leased from trans - international airlines of atlanta, georgia in 1966 and returned a year later. a dc8 - 53 was bought in 1966 and sold to aerovias columbianas in 1982. a dc8 - 55f was bought from braniff airlines in 1967 and used in passenger service until 1977, then leased to flying tigers inc. as a freighter for six months. it was sold in 1978 to an aircraft broker in the u. k .
the operations of some of the larger air carriers in the north (first air, canadian north and air north) include the use of b727 and b737 jet aircraft over very long stage lengths, much longer than the stage lengths of regional carriers operating in the south. due to the heavy movement of air cargo in the north, these aircraft are typically configured as combination aircraft, carrying both passengers and freight on the main deck. the long distances in the north result in the large seat kilometers presented in exhibit iii - 3 .
the year 2011 witnessed a few changes on the aviation landscape (see addendum table a11). most importantly, in may, sky regional, a division of skyservice business aviation, launched its operations under the air canada express banner, offering 93 flights per week (up to 15 flights per day) between montreal and toronto island (billy bishop airport) with a fleet of five canadian - built bombardier q - 400. this marked a return of the air canada brand to the toronto island airport after a five - year hiatus .
but do not overlook other european airlines; for example, depending on the destination, dates and time, the usually expensive swiss airline can be cheaper than a so - called discount airline when all costs and times are included from source to destination .
this building later became the main base for pacific western airlines (pwa), and the hangar doors were modified to accept larger aircraft in the hangar, but with the tail sections protruding outside. note the middle section hangar doors with the modification .
canadian aviation fuel standards for jet a and jet a - 1 fuels 9 were amended in 2011 to allow up to a 50% blend of synthetic source material in jet fuel, which could reduce net ghg emissions .
what air canada obtains from sky regional is neither seat capacity, nor routes, nor aircraft, nor access to a pre - existing infrastructure, but rather, the opportunity to have operations carried out outside the scope of its own bargaining certifications by lower - cost, non - union labour ,
the union' s application said .
toronto — on october 24, 2016, porter airlines celebrated its 10 th birthday with media presentations and cake cutting in the stunning atrium at billy bishop toronto city airport (bbtca), porter’s primary base located on the west end of the toronto islands .
the cpair dc10 program included a four year exchange with united airlines. cpair operated three united dc10 - 10 aircraft domestically and on short - haul atlantic and hawaii routes, while united operated three cpair dc10 - 30er’s on its seattle - hong kong route .
in 2011, canada recorded the lowest total number of accidents (211) for canadian registered aircraft excluding ultralights since 1976 when the transportation safety board of canada began recording such data (see addendum tables s18 to s21) .
canadian carriers provide almost 50% of scheduled services and 94% of charter services between canada and the rest of the world. (3) the united states is the largest single market for canadian carriers both in scheduled and in charter services, followed by europe, the caribbean and the pacific rim. air transportation to / from and within canada, however, accounts for only slightly more than 2% of global air markets. (4 )
finally, as concerns other regional markets, a comparison of the trend in passengers and asks (2002 compared to 2001, over the four month period april through july) was conducted for city pairs in the north, and for city pairs in the south served by jazz, other than those included in the selected short haul routes, and smaller carriers .
by 1990, rhys eaton had bought out his competitor wardair and bought up two regional carriers, nordair and air inter, (later to become inter - canadi > n). the intent was to establish a feeder network in canada and preserve cail market share. all of this buying activity took place in a global economic environment that was deteriorating rapidly .
transport canada has also taken added measures to increase the safety of runways during canada' s unique winters and issued several advisory circulars to reduce the risk of aircraft colliding with vehicles or other aircraft on the ground at canadian airports .
bob has been called the most successful entrepreneur in canadian aviation industry. extremely friendly and approachable, bob took the podium thanking the many partners and friends who came on - site to bbtca to celebrate ten year of porter’s service .
airbaltic [ 14 ] have a wide variety of cheap fares from riga, which can be used as a transit point. e. g. it is cheaper to travel odessa - riga - kiev with airbaltic than odessa - kiev directly with regular - fare airlines .
in 2011, passenger traffic at canadian airports increased by 2. 5% compared to 2010, to a total of 78. 4 million travellers. year over year, domestic, canada - u. s. and other international traffic increased by 2. 4, 1. 6 and 0. 4% , respectively. overall, canadian airports weathered the economic downturn of 2008–09 successfully and are now positioned for growth. (see addendum tables a19a and a19b )
furthermore, with its soon - to - be 29th q400 built at bombardier’s plant in downsview, ontario, a view kilometers north from bbtca, porter is the only commercial airline in the world that is 100% canadian - manufactured .
in march 2010, transport canada and aviation stakeholders from the aerospace industry—air carriers, airports, the air navigation service provider, and the business aviation sector—formed a working group on aviation emissions. the working group provides a collaborative forum for information sharing and discussion, and is developing an action plan to reduce ghg emissions from the canadian aviation sector between now and 2020. the action plan will form the basis of the canadian government' s response to the icao resolution of 2010 .
air canada' s bid to acquire continental airlines appears to be the first step in recognition of this fact. while continental has a sufficiently large air network that includes badly - needed pacific rim markets, however, air canada would have the onerous task of reorganizing the airline .
flair airlines (f8, kelowna) has announced it will focus on operations to and from edmonton int' l in the future, establishing the city as its main transfer hub and operational headquarters .
flair will continue to expand its network to / from edmonton by growing its frequency and network - both domestic and trans - border; announcing new low - fare routes in the coming weeks. flair will also progressively relocate its operations and executive base in edmonton ,
the canadian lcc has said... .
working in partnership with the canadian airports council (cac), transport canada developed a methodology and tool for conducting ghg emissions inventories at canadian airports. inventories have been completed for 26 nas airports and the airports owned and operated by transport canada. the airports have established baseline inventories that indicate operational opportunities to reduce airport related emissions. this tool is currently being updated for use globally in cooperation with airport council international (aci), and will be available in the spring of 2012 .
the first is an
open skies
policy, whereby a canadian or american carrier could offer services on any transborder route at any time. canadian and american companies would compete freely for flights between the two countries. an open skies policy would also intensify the activities of the north american hub - and - spoke networks. it is generally acknowledged that the principal carriers of the major hub airports would enjoy substantial advantages in cost savings, improved flight frequencies, and thus greater market share .
mr. smith noted that porter’s birthday celebration, in context of the deluce family’s contribution to canadian aviation, felt, “a little older than just ten years, ” given that stan deluce, bob’s father, provided passenger air transport dating back to the early 1950’s when he launched white river air services to fly summer tourists to lake superior. over the years, the deluces have added numerous airlines to family interests, including austin airways, air ontario, air quebec, superior airways, air manitoba and canada 3000, among others .
the ats c applies to flights between the 89 canadian airports 36 where catsa provides air travel security services. the charge does not apply to flights that arrive at or depart from other canadian airports. the ats c also applies to transborder flights to the u. s. and other international locations that depart from canadian airports. upon ticket payment, the air carrier collects the fee, which is paid by those purchasing a passenger ticket. current ats c rates 37 are $ 7. 48 for domestic (one - way), $ 14. 96 for domestic (round - trip), $ 12. 71 for trans - border, and $ 25. 91 for other international flights (see addendum table a30 for more details) .
a large proportion of aircraft in canada is used for general aviation (ga), often the only service provided in many canadian airports, particularly in northern canada as well as the first rung in the career ascension of aspiring pilots and aircraft mechanics .
nav canada, a privately run, not - for - profit corporation that owns and operates canada' s civil air navigation system, oversees the safe and orderly flow of air traffic in canadian airspace, in compliance with provisions in the aeronautics act .
it’s amazing that porter’s made it to 10, considering the difficulties of the canadian aviation market. they would have joined canada 3000 with many others in the discard pile if they didn’t play their cards right, but play their cards right they did .
cargolux subsequently sold the aircraft to andes airlines of ecuador in 1988, and fin 812 was operated by this carrier, and another from south america (zuliana), before ending up in miami in 1992 for dismantling. the aircraft was destroyed by hurricane andrew in that year while being scrapped .
this inquiry first provides a broad outline of the current structure of the airline industry in canada, including the most recent trends for merging with regional affiliates, forging alliances with international carriers, and vertically integrating into computer reservation services. fare determination, airline cost structures, and air networks are also reviewed. secondly, this inquiry reviews the performance of the major canadian airline companies since 1987, and comments on their priorities and corporate strategies. thirdly, a detailed comparison of competitiveness is made: first between both of canada' s national air carriers, and then between them and their american counterparts. finally, conclusions with respect to their prospects are drawn .
porter’s success stories have benefitted bbtca and its aircraft manufacturer, bombardier, inc. it has helped portstoronto (the owner and operator of billy bishop airport) receive several accolades from various organizations. from an aircraft perspective, porter has helped montreal - based bombardier achieve success with its dash - 8 q400 fleet program, of which porter operates 26 regional turboprop jets (with 3 more on delivery) .
local lodge 2324 (iamaw air canada b. c. and alberta) is disbanded by the iamaw canadian office. the b. c. membership joins ll764 in march 2002. the alberta membership of ll2324 is merged into ll1681 (iamaw cail alberta) .
zip airlines is another new operating subsidiary of air canada, based in calgary and designed to compete with westjet in western canada. jetsgo and canjet are new, independent entrants offering services over a wide range of short, medium and long haul markets, based largely on point - to - point operations .
in canada, nav canada—a not - for - profit private company—provides national civil air navigation services, such as air traffic control, flight information and weather briefings, and oversees more than 12 million air traffic movements a year, including global air carriers entering canadian airspace .
gillen, d. w. , w. t. stanbury and m. w. tretheway .
duopoly in canada' s airline industry: consequences and policy issues .
canadian public policy, vol. xiv, 1988, p. 15 - 31 .
“when bob approached us at bombardier to discuss the q400 aircraft, we knew we were dealing with a very experienced and very savvy airline man, ” said smith. “we had a mutual interest: porter wanted to establish a regional airline based at toronto billy bishop airport, the island, and we wanted to showcase the low - noise, low - emissions q400 model at the city centre airport. voila! ”
the european open - skies treaty of 1992 blew the lid off the system in place before, where national government would restrict access to their airspace to expensive' flag - carriers', such as british airways or lufthansa. this enabled airlines to fly anywhere they wished in the european union without government approval .
tthe rapid growth in air travel prompts the two airlines to order wide - bodied aircrtaft for delivery in the 1970’s. cpa orders the b747 and the dc10. tca orders the b747 and the lockheed l1011. local lodge 764 membership ranks mushroom as these larger aircraft require more ground personnel, equipment and maintenance .
the government privatized the company in 1989 but its financial losses continued. in summer 1992 air canada and canadian airlines began negotiating a merger that was ultimately unsuccessful. air canada entered into an agreement with continental in december 1992. in 1995 the open skies agreement signed by jean chrétien and bill clinton gave carriers on both sides of the canada - us border access to trans - border markets. in 1997 air canada operated a fleet of 219 aircraft, with more than 1200 scheduled daily flights to 120 destinations in canada, the us, the caribbean, the middle east and asia .
earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and rent. it is the airline equivalent of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (ebitda), but rent is added to adjust for the fact that some airlines rely more on leasing aircraft than owning them, which would create distortions with ebitda .
later that year, bbtca constructed a 6 - minute pedestrian tunnel, built 100 feet beneath the surface of lake ontario, linking the island to toronto’s downtown waterfront. gradual improvements to the airport’s infrastructure, including an ongoing, 3 - year airfield rehabilitation initiative, continues to draw more passengers to billy bishop and porter airlines.
canadian regional airlines was an airline headquartered in calgary international airport in calgary , alberta , canada . it is now part of air canada jazz . 
canadian regional airlines was an airline headquartered in calgary international airport in calgary, alberta, canada. it is now part of air canada jazz.
canadian regional airlines was an airline headquartered in calgary international airport in calgary, alberta, canada. it is now part of air canada jazz.