patterns of evidence
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on monday evening i went to see the much anticipated documentary film, patterns of evidence: exodus by filmmaker tim mahoney and thinking man films .
but perhaps that was mahoney’s point. we do have evidence for the historical exodus, but there is not a consensus among conservative scholars on the exact nature of that evidence and which evidence is most reliable for defending a historical exodus. christians should consider the evidence for themselves and decide .
there was some great archeological evidence that was presented. much of it was amazing !
filmmaker tim mahoney calls into question hundreds of years of archeological discoveries that suggest there is no evidence of the biblical exodus. the film, patterns of evidence: exodus, was screened in select theaters across the u. s. via fathom events followed by a q & a with an all - star panel .
near the end of the film, mahoney made a statement along the lines of “scholars disagree about the dating and the evidence for the biblical exodus, but we do have evidence for it. ”
there is much evidence that the egypt time lines needs correction. if such corrections are made according to the evidence from new discoveries in archaeological digs in egypt ...
patterns of evidence: exodus is a movie starring charles aling, manfred bietak, and john bimson. what is the validity of history found in the bible? is it fact or fiction? what does the hard evidence really have to say about the foundational story of the old testament: the exodus out... see full summary »
last night i viewed patterns of evidence: exodus. it’s a well done film that goes carefully through the biblical account and shows the archaeological evidence for the exodus. interviews show archaeological and biblical experts on all sides of the issue concerning this critical historical and spiritual event, as told in the book of exodus. i think the evidence presented by filmmaker tim mahoney is fair and leaves you the viewer to decide what you believe .
there is evidence that receipt of sre impacts positively on sexual behaviour and is associated with positive sexual health outcomes .
excellent book. who says there is no evidence for the exodus. really enlightening and interesting .
filmmaker timothy mahoney faces a crisis of faith, “is this foundational event of the bible really just a myth? ” he embarks on a 12 - year journey around the world to search for answers. patterns of evidence: the exodus unlocks the mystery of this ancient saga, combining a scientific investigation with a retelling of the exodus story to reveal an amazing pattern of evidence matching the biblical account that may challenge our understanding of history .
the apparent strong archaeological evidence which appeared as a solid dam of doubt for the exodus now has substantial holes in it. thanks to mr. mahoney’s work the truth is coming to light. mr. mahoney is only showing us scientific archaeological evidence. as more evidence is discovered i predict the dam of doubt will fall .
excellent scholarly expose of the evidence supporting the exodus. does a good job exposing the weaknesses of modern biased views and clarifies the interpretation of the data .
mahoney doesn’t call for a leap of faith, but proposes that the evidence warrants and honest re - evaluaton of the “scientific consensus. ”
overall, great film. tim stated at end of film that there was no evidence of exodus. ron wyatt saw evidence in red sea, chariot wheels, etc. there are markers at each side of sea showing the crossing site. on east side (arabia) there is physical evidence of israel camps, etc. tim needs to check history at the sea area .
after twelve years of work, filmmaker tim mahoney is finally releasing, for one night only (tonight) his documentary, “patterns of evidence, ” about the archaeological and historical evidence for the biblical exodus. i had the opportunity to view a pre - released version of the film back in november and can attest to the production value that twelve years of work creates. the film has already won awards for its craftsmanship .
archeological evidence can support historical events but can’t deny them. in other words, if there is archeological evidence that matches an historical event, it can prove its occurrence, but lacking it can’t prove that it didn’t happen. the written material is the evidence that should lead our ability to decide which events are considered as historical .
i was shocked that at the end of the documentary where he stated there was “no evidence” for the red sea crossing? ? i just recently did an extensive research study on ron wyatt’s findings as well as others who have indeed found numerous evidence as you stated above, so i’m honestly clueless as to how he says there’s no evidence. either he didn’t do enough research, or didn’t want to open that can of worms, but i believe the evidence would make for a great part 2 .
yesterday i posted an article titled navigating “patterns of evidence for the biblical exodus which essentially outlined where the film would focus most of its attention. that focus was on the dating of the exodus or the chronology (or when it happened), and that was correct. more on this in a moment, but first some positive observations of the film .
astrophysicist and author hugh ross, ph. d. offers evidence that the earth is billions of years old, which he believes ...
). self - organized, regular vegetation patterns have been studied extensively in the past decade in water - limited systems (e. g. , refs .
a film cannot function like a term paper and can only serve to be an introduction to these important issues. more depth will be found in the upcoming book. patterns of evidence: the exodus presents one intriguing explanation for the pattern of evidence that exists earlier than expected. in my opinion this is an underreported proposal that deserves much stronger attention and research, especially by supporters of the bible. hopefully, many will be as open to considering these ideas as the reviewer in this article .
patterns begins with a straightforward enough concept: the bible describes an exodus event for which, according to many scholars, there is little to no extra - biblical corroborating archaeological or historical evidence. taking seriously the record of the biblical text, mahoney, a self - described “reluctant participant, ” engages in what he calls a “scientific method” of identifying the exodus in the historical record. this method attempts to match the chronological “pattern” of the exodus described in the biblical text to evidence of that same chronological pattern in the archaeological and historical record .
but if the arrival of the hebrews was 1500 it would mean that the moses hebrews pre - dated the philistines by couple of hundred year. however, i don’t think the evidence supports this .
don’t expect mahoney or patterns to get accolades from scientists or fellow documentarians as the film turns the “accepted facts” on their head and challenge conventional dates and theories surrounding the biblical event .
this illustration used in patterns of evidence: the exodus (also in the book, see below) shows the upper wall of time as the traditional view of egyptian chronology and the “late exodus” view, which places the exodus at about 1250 bc, during the reign of ramses the great. the colored blocks indicate events analyzed in the film as archaeological evidence for these events has “not found, ” but if the timeframe is shifted backward (white arrow) about two centuries toward egypt’s middle kingdom, and the exodus is placed around 1450 bc, archaeology tells another story – the biblical story .
ultimately, “patterns of evidence” will leave viewers with the erroneous impression that the bible can be proven true by archaeology, but the historicity of the biblical text is not dependent upon the vicissitudes of historical preservation. archaeology will not prove the veracity of the bible. archaeology informs our understanding of the biblical text and the biblical text informs our understanding of the archaeological record. while we cannot fully understand one without the other, neither “proves” nor negates the other. and really, we shouldn’t ask them to .
i found it fascinating that the interviews of most of the detracting expert archeologist showed their incredible arrogant nonbelief of the biblical exodus. as more evidence comes to light i think many of these doubters will look back with embarrassment at the strong stand they took against the truth .
the patterns film crew is in israel now! they are filming numerous biblical sites and also conducting various interviews and re - creations. the most recent visit was with scott stripling at shiloh .
please do research and put out a documentary regarding all this evidence that supports the bible as not only god’s word and absolute truth – but a historical document .
). here, using recent advances in time - series methods applied to a desert stream, we identified the spatial scales of drivers underlying observed patterns of solute concentrations, partitioned the relative influences of physical drivers and biological processes, quantified internal spatial feedbacks, and compared inferences over short - term succession and a long - term ecosystem regime shift. the observation that internal spatial feedbacks contribute to regulating biogeochemical patterns in rivers and streams is novel and could influence how stream ecosystems respond to environmental perturbations (
i like that mr. mahoney did not say we have proof that the biblical exodus occurred, but just presented a bunch of the evidence, and let the viewing audience draw their own conclusion .
rivers and streams are open, heterogeneous ecosystems. stream water chemistry is influenced by organisms and the physical environment, resulting in longitudinal (upstream - downstream) heterogeneity that can be analyzed with time - series methods. applying statistical techniques to longitudinal nutrient concentration data in a desert stream, we found evidence of substantial internal regulation of surface - water nutrient patterns, realized via spatial feedbacks. the strength of these feedbacks increased over succession. although inputs from subsurface zones (a feature associated with the physical template) remained a major factor in explaining nutrient patterns, by late succession, the effect size of internal feedbacks was equal to the effect size of major upwelling zones. our study demonstrates that multiple processes interact in a dynamic way to create ecosystem spatial heterogeneity .
thank you for your thoughtful review of the patterns of evidence: the exodus. i wanted to respond to a couple of the points you brought up. first, i believe the film firmly landed on an exodus date around 1450 bc as opposed to an approximately 1250 bc ramesses exodus date. this was the first of the two big wall shifts featured, when mahoney decided to leave the ramesses exodus theory behind and search earlier. after seeing more evidence against ramesses and the reviewing 1 kings 6: 1, the biblical date shifted back to 1450 bc and never moved again. many people who argue against david rohl’s ideas do not realize that he uses a rather orthodox exodus date .
mahoney wrote, directed and produced “patterns of evidence: the exodus”, his first feature length documentary film, an investigation that lasted twelve years. he has also authored the new book by the same title. after 25 years of experience in media production, mahoney created thinking man films, a production / distribution company that explores the world we live in and encourages people to question what they have been told about culture, science, history and religion .
drylands are important ecosystems with limited water resources, often subject to desertification. their ecological activities depend on spatial patterns formed by local vegetation, but the relation with vegetation growth remains unclear. using satellite images of a typical semiarid shrubland in southern spain, we gather vegetation data and argue that vegetation cover can be interpreted by means of a percolation process. we use a static analysis that compares patch statistics in different spatial scales to study the various patch patterns that occurs in drylands. our results indicate three distinct phases in the overall vegetation cover range. the spatial patterns of vegetation are separated by a first - and a second - order phase transition, in three different spatial scales. we measure the corresponding critical exponents and determine novel relations between scaling exponents. the results reconcile conflicting views about vegetation patterns in drylands and demonstrate that different phase transitions coexist in the phase diagram of dry shrublands in southern spain. in addition, our preliminary test with a distinct dryland supports the hypothesis of universality classes to sort different drylands .
the bible record is true. there is ample evidence to support its claims. it takes a fair and open minded approach to study and prove it to be the inspired word of god. it also takes some courage when you are confronted with the evidence, then make a decision to either accept its claim on our life, or to close the book and walk away unchanged .
). one of the fundamental questions underlying the study of pattern–process relationships is to what extent patterns are determined by local environmental conditions (e. g. , soil and climate in terrestrial ecosystems, salinity and currents in oceans) and to what extent they are self - organized (
i spent 12 years asking the question, “is the bible true? ” if it wasn’t then what should i put my faith in? what i found was an amazing pattern of evidence that matched many of the events recorded in the bible. there was a real history that could be seen. for me that changed everything. i encourage you to join me in the ongoing investigation and see the bible affirming evidence for yourself. –timothy
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). here, we used patterns of nutrient concentration in a desert stream as a model system to disentangle the relative influence of physical template and biological processes, evaluate the role of internal spatial feedbacks emerging from physical and / or biological processes, identify the spatial scales of underlying processes, and compare inferences over short - term succession and long - term ecosystem regime shifts .
two important findings emerge from our results. first, the physical template (here, groundwater upwelling) was a dominant factor influencing nutrient spatial patterns, about one order of magnitude higher than biological effects. the most visually obvious (biological) change in the system over the nearly two decades encompassed by the study, establishment of riverine wetlands, did not have a direct effect on nutrient spatial patterns. second, internal spatial feedbacks, feedbacks that indicate self - organization but have not been considered in stream biogeochemical research, became stronger over succession as a resource becoming increasingly limiting, and were as important as the physical template by late succession. we conclude that research on stream nutrient spatial patterns requires an explicit consideration of the interplay between the physical template and the system’s internal self - organization, as well as how this interplay may change over successional or greater time scales .
a debate rages over the credibility of the bible. most archaeologists today have concluded that there' s no evidence that the exodus of israelite slaves from egypt ever happened. filmmaker timothy mahoney faces a crisis of faith, “is this foundational event of the bible really just a myth? ” he embarks on a 12 - year journey around the world to search for answers .
the problem is that the evidence that was presented as supporting the exodus was conflicting. my concern is that christians may walk away from the film being even more agnostic about the exodus than certain that it happened .
what is the validity of history found in the bible? is it fact or fiction? what does the hard evidence really have to say about the foundational story of the old testament: the exodus out of egypt? an in - depth investigation by documentary filmmaker tim mahoney searches for answers to these questions amid startling new finds that may change traditional views of history and the bible .
follows the book of acts. shows the complete message of christ and the transformation of saul to paul and how the high priest of judea does not believe in what has taken place after the crucifixion of christ .
the physical template can be defined as the relatively stable physical environment in which a pattern of interest develops (3), and is considered an overriding organizer of ecological patterns. at large spatial scales, spatial zonation of vegetation pattern is a classic example of the environmental template determining plant pattern formation in action (6). at smaller scales, microtopography significantly influences plant distribution (7). in streams, the physical template influences stream surface - water nutrient patterns (8). longitudinally, tributary junctions bring water with distinct biogeochemical signatures into a stream. laterally, streams are hydrologically connected to the riparian zone, the floodplain, and the upland portions of catchments (8), with riparian zones acting as “nutrient filters” that remove various chemical constituents as water moves from uplands to the stream (9). vertically, subsurface water from the hyporheic zone can also alter the biogeochemical signature of surface water (10). at broader spatial scales, geomorphic features, such as slope breaks and canyons, determine the locations of upwelling and down - welling zones (11). collectively, such connections among subsystems in the riverine landscape form the physical template that influences patterns of nutrient concentration in stream surface water .
i am not sure why this review did not address mahoney’s “pattern of evidence” motif because that was integral to his approach and it dominated the narrative. to me, it was a very powerful image – and, as the panel host said, kept you on the edge of your seat as you waited for evidence of each of the 6 phases in the pattern. mahoney also explained at the beginning of the film why he did not address the route of the exodus (he ran into the fact that scholars doubted that israelites were ever in egypt in the first place, and so it was necessary to do that first). to be fair (to this reviewer), i was a little surprised that there wasn’t definitive evidence to lock down the pattern into a specific time – but, after seeing the film, i appreciate the scope of the task. on balance, i would say there is great merit in taking rohl ‘s and mahoney’s hypotheses seriously. at least seriously enough to ask new questions .
wetlands are considered biogeochemical hotspots (40), in the sense that riverine macrophyte patches exhibit significant nutrient retention (41). however, studies quantifying biogeochemical influences of wetlands typically integrate large downstream distances (or areas) to calculate total nutrient uptake; hence, the particular contribution of macrophytes to nutrient spatial patterns remains unresolved. in our study, although wetland plants covered ∼40% of the stream in 2013, we found no evidence of wetland patches affecting spatial patterns of no 3 − or srp concentrations directly. in contrast, algae had a significant negative effect on no 3 − (but not on srp; fig. 4), even though the amount of n stored in algae is only about a third of the amount of n stored in vascular plants (si appendix, si materials and methods). concentration of srp is additionally affected by physical adsorption / desorption and solubility processes, which may explain why srp concentration is not negatively associated with algae in this system. vascular macrophytes do assimilate these nutrients and, in fact, represent a much greater nutrient storage pool than algae. we suggest that local effects of wetlands on surface water nutrients are undetectable compared with local effects of algae because macrophytes obtain their nutrients via root uptake (42), which is not reflected in surface - water concentration .
essentially three main dating options were presented in the film. the reasoning and the evidence for each dating option, however, was not clearly explained. in my view, that was really the crux of the matter. that is what people came to see and wanted to know .
the film focuses on the historical evidence of abraham’s great - grandson joseph’s descent into egypt as a slave, his rise to power as the pharaoh’s key advisor, the shift of wealth that occurred in egypt under joseph’s administration, avoiding the devastating famine, the emigration and establishment of joseph’s extended family in egypt, the enslavement of the hebrew people, the ten plagues and red sea miracle which destroyed egypt’s economy and army making the nation vulnerable to invasion by the hyksos, as well as the subsequent conquest of canaan by the nation of israel under the direction of joshua .
mahoney comes to a crisis when, as noted above, he finds there is little evidence of that “pattern” in the time periods normally associated with the exodus event. stymied by professional archaeologists, even those who are otherwise sympathetic to traditional interpretations of the biblical text, mahoney turns to the theories of david rohl and john bimson who, instead of accepting the normal dates associated with the reigns of egyptian kings, have argued for revising the traditional chronology of egyptian kings by pushing forward and expanding the king list by nearly 200 years .
hoffmeier is professor of old testament and near eastern archaeology at trinity evangelical divinity school (deerfield, il). since 1994 he has been director of the north sinai archaeological project. hoffmeier has appeared in many tv programs and authored two books on evidence related to the exodus: israel in egypt (1999) and ancient israel in sinai (2011) .
q - what if there is an existence in the universe other than ours that we are unaware of? a - we have no scientific evidence of any other universe. you can postulate anything thing you like but that is totally blind faith. what we cannot know does not help us deal with what we do know. we do know that the god of the bible created the universe we are in .
wavelet analysis revealed a strong influence of upwelling zones on no 3 − patterns (fig. 2). the global wavelet spectrum (gws) is the space - integrated version (i. e. , across the entire stream length) of the wavelet power spectrum, and it identifies the dominant scales of spatial variation (by peaks in gws). the gws of no 3 − signals showed two distinct spectrum peaks at spatial scales of ∼1 km and 3 km, except during early succession, when the 1 - km peak was absent (fig. 3 and si appendix, table s1). for srp and conductivity, only one peak, between 1. 5 and 1. 8 km, was observed in the gws over successional time (fig. 3 and si appendix, table s1). wavelet analysis of wetland abundance distribution and its gws showed that the spectrum powers peaked at spatial scales of ∼700 m and ∼2, 500 m at downstream distances of 5–7 km and 7–10 km, respectively (figs. 2 and 3). wavelet analysis for nutrient spatial heterogeneity and wetland distribution showed different patterns (figs. 2 and 3 and si appendix, fig. s2), suggesting different underlying contributing processes. by comparing the mean dissimilarities in the space - spatial scale plane (i. e. , spatial locations on the x axis, spatial scale on the y axis) for different solutes, we found that srp patterns varied most with successional stage, followed by no 3 − and then conductivity (si appendix, fig. s3 a). differences in spatial patterns among solutes increased with successional stage (si appendix, fig. s3 b) .
spatial patterns of nutrient concentration in sycamore creek over 10 km across four stages of postflood succession and two ecosystem states (early succession in march 1997, midsuccession in may 1995, late succession in december 1995, and mid - to late succession with wetlands present in may 2013). in 2013, we measured cl − concentration instead of conductivity. small and large red dots denote minor and major upwelling locations, respectively. data from dent et al. (10) .
in u. s. premiere of yiddish version, ‘the words have a lot of weight. ’
bimson’s special interests include the historical and archaeological background of the old testament and he has taken part in excavations in israel. he did doctoral research on the historicity and setting of the exodus and conquest. his book, redating the exodus (1978), proposed that the end of the middle bronze age provides the best matching evidence for the biblical conquest and that the dates assigned to this period should be substantially revised .
another area that needs to be addressed is the biblical chronology itself. the work of edwin thiele, which is the accepted chronology of the kings of judah and israel, is 45 years shorter than the biblical chronology. also, most commentators assume that the 479 years between the israelites leaving the land of egypt and the laying of the foundation of solomon’s temple, as mentioned in 1 kings 6: 1, is marking the span from the exodus. my research shows that this marks the span from the end of the 40 years wandering and not the beginning. all of the evidence points to a date for the exodus of 1532 bc (not the 1446 bc suggested in the film). the work of gerard gertoux, a scientific approach to biblical chronology, is a must read .
we observed no direct effect of wetlands on surface - water spatial patterns of nutrients, but wetlands indirectly affected nutrient spatial patterns through their influence on surface–subsurface hydrological exchange. after wetland establishment, the effect size of upwelling on no 3 − in 2013 was significantly lower than predicted by the amount of surface water (fig. 6) and its effect on srp was no longer significant (fig. 7). this shift in the importance of upwelling is likely a result of biogeomorphic changes that occurred during wetland development. upwelling zones feature a high abundance of vascular plants (33), which trap and accumulate fine sediments, leading to a reduced vertical hydrological gradient, and thus to a lower hydrological exchange than would otherwise occur (18). in addition, wetlands may create a hypoxic hyporheic environment, which favors denitrification in hyporheic sediments, leading to low no 3 − (18). reduced exchange and enhanced denitrification are consistent with the observed reduced effect of upwelling zones on no 3 −. as a consequence of reduced upwelling, nutrient dynamics associated with the plant rooting zone would be reflected in surface water concentrations even less, if at all .
the influence of upwelling (physical template) on no 3 − concentration was approximately one order of magnitude greater than the influence of upwelling of biological processes [ i. e. , the value of the coefficient for upwelling was at 10° (fig. 5), and it was at 10 −1 for biological processes (fig. 4) ]. the upwelling effect on no 3 − and srp was significantly positive in three successional stages before wetland establishment, and its effect size increased from early to late succession (fig. 5). for no 3 −, before wetland establishment, the upwelling effect was negatively correlated with the amount of surface water in the stream (fig. 6). however, following wetland establishment, this effect size decreased, showing significantly lower values than predicted by the amount of surface water at the time the survey was conducted (fig. 6 b). similarly, for srp patterns, after wetland establishment, the effect of upwelling zones became nonsignificant (fig. 5). other physical drivers, including water permanence and reach type, influenced nutrient spatial patterns in some surveys, but none of these physical drivers had an explanatory power as strong as the explanatory power of upwelling (si appendix, tables s2 and s3) .
up - to - date evidence is needed about the range and relative importance of different information sources for young people, how well these sources meet their information needs, as well as their preferred sources and knowledge deficits, to ensure that young people are equipped with the knowledge they need to experience a happy and healthy sex life. this paper seeks to address this evidence gap using data reported by young people (16–24 years), in the third british national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles (natsal - 3), a probability sample survey conducted in 2010–2012, as well as data from the previous two decennial natsal surveys to examine how learning about sex has changed over the past 20 years .
main outcome measures reported source of information about sexual matters, unmet information needs and preferred source of additional information .
i’m a scientist by training, although my field is biology, not archaeology. my take - aways were: the accepted chronology of egypt has a flimsy basis and there are scholars with a vested interest in this not being challenged; furthermore, like the theory of evolution and the earlier epicycle theory of planetary motion, it requires a lot of propping up and exceptions to sustain it. by contrast, if you start with the bible and the pattern of events recorded there, it is possible to fit the evidence together in a way that coheres better than the existing schema .
probably my all - time favorite book. as a christian, this book blew me away. despite the claims of contemporary archeology, there is overwhelming evidence for the existence of a semitic people in egypt, living in slavery, then suddenly leaving - as well as compelling evidence for things like 1. the conquest of jericho, 2. biblical - type plagues on egypt, 3. joseph (i won' t list anymore - i don' t want to give away the whole book !). the author, tim mahoney, spent over a decade researching, and he interviewed the experts. the amount of research and time devoted to this book (and movie) is exceptional. i don' t think anything compares. my faith was increased ten - fold and plan to read this book again and again .
as i’ve admitted in my previous article, i believe that the evidence and arguments put forth for the early date (1446 b. c .), as articulated by dr. bryant wood make the most sense and solve the most problems for reconciling the biblical exodus and the archaeological and historical record .
it was very good to see such conservative christian scholars, such as james k. hoffmeier, charles ailing, bryant wood & john bimson given some air time to make the case for a historical exodus. rarely does the general public hear a conservative give a scholarly response on a historical documentary, and some of the evidence they presented was formidable and compelling .
jewish leaders such as rabbi david wolpe (a jewish week columnist) question the historical veracity of the passover story. are a growing number of jews skeptical of the story ?
franklin is a professor at the university of haifa, zinman institute of archaeology and co - director of the jezreel expedition at tel jezreel. franklin was formerly at tel aviv university, where she was the coordinator of the megiddo expedition .
to quantify the relationships between the putative drivers and nutrient heterogeneity, we used marss models. we fitted marss models using the “marss” r - package (62), which provides support for fitting marss models to multivariate data via maximum likelihood, using an expectation - maximization algorithm. we constructed two different marss model structures: model i quantified the relative influences of biological processes and the physical template on nutrient spatial patterns, and model ii was used to quantify effects of the relative contribution by physical template and by internal spatial feedbacks .
correct. on the issue of the philistines of david’s time as an earlier migration and also the reference in genesis see the work of john j. bimson in “files” link at urltoken chronology
a study of cognitive ability in norwegian males born from 1962 to 1991 suggests that environmental factors rather than changing genetic composition of families likely account for most of the change in norwegian population iq .
this film comes as a refreshing antidote to the distorted story told by ridley scott in his recently released movie, exodus: gods and kings. mahoney doesn’t just refute that movie, but also shows the historical problems in cecil b. demille’s retelling of the exodus in the film classic the ten commandments. the evidence told in this new documentary will cause everyone familiar with the biblical account to reassess their understanding .
the life and toils of jesus christ, depicted as written in the gospel of john. narrated in english, following the new international version of the scripture, while the actors speak in aramaic .
it’s no surprise that the film is billed as “provocative” and “game - changing, ”mahoney opts to change everything we think we know about egyptian history in order to get it to match more closely with the biblical chronology. but, contrary to what the filmmakers would have you believe, there is nothing new here, just a dejected theory. indeed, most of the scholars interviewed in the film, even those who believe in a traditional biblical dating of the exodus, reject this revised chronology and opt for less - sensational, less provocative, less game changing, more accurate and more nuanced descriptions of the archaeological evidence of the exodus .
a larger proportion of young people in our study reported school as their primary information source than reported school as one of their three main sources in an internet - based survey of young people in the uk .
this is the problem with the documentary format. it is not the best format to put forth and test supposed “new” ideas and solutions no matter how much they are qualified by “perhaps’s” and “could’s. ” time constraints mean that creditable opposition is never addressed. in “patterns, ” all scholarship becomes flattened in a “them” vs. the revised chronology paradigm. the film lumps together traditional biblical maximilists and secular minimalists in a gang of “archaeological giants” that the revised chronology will take down with nothing but a sling and a prayer .
source for only a small proportion of young men and a very small proportion of women, and, despite the availability of the internet, young people still most frequently report more traditional sources of information about sex (school, friends and parents). the increase in reporting of school as the principal source of information about sex is encouraging as school - based sex education has the potential to reduce inequalities in the provision of information. respondents reporting school as their main source were less likely to report wanting further information. in other analysis we found that reporting school as a main source of information about sex was associated with lower reporting of a broad range of sexual health outcomes, particularly among women .
recommending that teaching should also include the impact of pornography, safe use of technology, sexual consent, exploitation and abuse and violence in relationships .
the intensification of the internal spatial feedbacks means that the system became more responsive to changes in no 3 − concentration in late succession (i. e. , a small fluctuation in concentration invoked a quick return to an equilibrium concentration). this responsiveness likely results from intensified n limitation in late succession in sycamore creek, as observed in previous empirical research on the system (15). resource limitation increasing the strength of internal feedbacks has been described in arid terrestrial ecosystems, where water constitutes the constraining resource and gives rise to self - organized vegetation patterns (e. g. , refs. 20, 22). sheffer et al. (49) showed that a semiarid shrub - grassland landscape exhibited self - organized vegetation patchiness only when water was limiting; in contrast, the physical template determined vegetation patchiness under sufficiently high precipitation. although these regular patterns are formed via scale - dependent feedbacks, a mechanism different from the feedbacks we describe here, both studies demonstrate the role of broadly defined spatial self - organization (4) in forming spatial heterogeneity and show that the strength of self - organization intensifies with increasing resource limitation. concentration - dependent effects were also observed for srp, which suggests the existence of regulation mechanisms. however, no successional trend was observed for srp, likely because srp is subject to an additional control pathway (50) of sediment adsorption and desorption (51) that masks biological uptake .
billington is a professor of history at the university of northwestern, st. paul, minnesota. he is the past editor of artifax magazine and has over 30 published articles, book reviews, and scholarly presentations. his areas of specialty include ancient history, medieval history, church history and biblical archaeology .
in 2013, the office for standards in education, children' s services and skills (ofsted) were of the view that sre required improvement in over a third of english schools and in almost half of english secondary schools .
simply put, mahoney doesn’t consider a large enough data set. when trying to link the biblical chronology to the archaeological record we can’t just account for the pattern of the exodus: the arrival of the hebrews in egypt, their multiplication and enslavement, the eventual judgment of egypt and subsequent exodus and conquest of canaan. we also have to account for every period thereafter: the arrival of the philistines, and period of the judges, the united monarchy, civil war and shishak’s attack, and the divided kingdoms of israel and judah .
it would be great to see the experts get together and work at setting a new date, that works with this pattern of evidence. i always knew that exodus was a factual account, because i prayed when i read the bible, and interestingly due to god’s answers, i knew that rameses was a common point of recognition for people of the time when i read the bible, and i was excited to see tim mahoney point this out in the film although no historian, it is exciting to see this information, as some people need to have a little proof to bolster their faith. such as thomas, jesus’s disciple .
this film is not likely to change the mind of a skeptic. with the exception of possible changes in chronological dating of the exodus event it will only affirm the traditional judeo - christian account of the israelite sojourn in egypt. i expect most who are interested in this stuff will remain in their positions .
weeks is one of america’s top egyptologists who devised and launched the theban mapping project, which seeks to document every tomb and temple in the theban necropolis (luxor area). in 1995, weeks discovered the expansive kv5, the tomb of the sons of ramesses ii in the valley of the kings. since 1988 he has been a professor of egyptology at the american university in cairo .
the nutrient data used in this study were from two sources: existing data (51) and new data collected on may 31, 2013, all from the same section of sycamore creek. we replicated field techniques of dent and grimm (54), collecting duplicate samples of surface water in 60 - ml tubes from the stream’s thalweg. samples were taken at points 25 m apart, and were collected as simultaneously as possible by 14 people arrayed along the 10 - km stream segment. each person walked upstream as he or she collected samples over ∼700 m. all samples were filtered in the field within 2 h, between 0800 hours and 1000 hours. locations at each 700 - m overlap point were sampled at both the beginning and the end of the collection period to check for diel variation in nutrient concentrations. the magnitude of diel change was < 10% of the range of concentrations observed and 2. 5 - fold the average variation between replicates, so we are confident that the spatial patterns we report were not confounded by temporal variation .
upstream wetland abundance was not a significant factor in explaining the srp, no 3 −, or conductivity [ in 2013, we measured chloride (cl −), also a nonreactive metric ] spatial patterns. we explored wetland abundance across a variety of upstream distances (scales: 25 m, 50 m, 75 m, 100 m, 125 m, and 150 m), but at none of these scales was a wetland effect statistically significant (only results at 100 - m scales are shown in fig. 4). algal communities showed a significant negative effect on no 3 − in 2013 (fig. 4). in late succession, the effect of cyanobacteria on no 3 − was positive and significant (fig. 4) .
at the seder, i always take the role of an ancient egyptian who is invited to a seder and explain to the host his side of the story .
given the rapid evolution of technology, one limitation is that some of the natsal - 3 participants included in this analysis would have been learning about sex around the beginning of the 21st century and their experience will be different from those learning about sex today with respect to internet access, particularly through smart phones. another limitation is that we used a predefined list of topics to determine further information needs, which may not have reflected adequately the range of topics of interest to young people today. we also do not know about the quality of the information that young people received .
in chapter six of the book titled “towards a new chronology” rohl gives his main argument, which stems from a genealogy of egypt’s royal architects discovered in wadi hammamat .
our study demonstrates that over the past 20 years there have been substantial increases in the proportion of young people citing school as their primary source of information about sex .
describes how the concentration of a chemical species upstream influences the rate of concentration change of the same chemical species immediately downstream. this phenomenon is a “concentration - dependent effect” in space, analogous to the long known density - dependent effects over time. whereas
boraik, educated at zagazig university, is the second highest - ranking egyptologist in egypt. he oversees the area of luxor, considered to be the world’s greatest open - air museum. this location was home to the ancient egyptian capital of thebes and is filled with some of egypt’s most important archaeological sites such as the temple complexes of karnak, luxor, and the ramesseum, as well as the valley of the kings .
finkelstein is co - director of excavations at megiddo and professor of archaeology in the department of archaeology and ancient near eastern civilizations at tel aviv university. along with neil asher silberman, he authored the influential book, the bible unearthed (2001), which argued that the early history of israel did not occur as described in the bible .
i encourage you to check it out. it is worth the price of admission .
we compare men who reported pornography as one of their sources of information about sex with those who did not, both in terms of their other and main sources, and their unmet information needs using univariate logistic regression. the number of women reporting pornography as an information source (n = 53) is too small to permit detailed exploration .
and that large proportions of gay / lesbian, bisexual young people report inadequate sre .
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q - why does existence have to have a creator? a – the scientific evidence shows the universe had a beginning, the “big bang” shows we had a starting place. the universe is also winding down, so it could not have existed forever, otherwise it would have already expanded to nothing. the second law of thermodynamics (which implies that the universe has been “wound up” and will eventually die a heat death) — demonstrates that the cosmos has not always been here. it could not have self - created without a cause, because we know that in our universe whatever begins to exist has a cause. a powerful first cause like the god of theism plausibly answers the question of the universe’s origin .
since 1990–1991, there has been a large increase in the proportion of men and women citing school as their main source of information about sex (figure 2 a), from around 30% in 1990–1991 to around 40% in 2010–2012. there has been a corresponding decrease in the proportion of young men reporting friends and in the proportion of young women reporting their first sexual partner as their main source of information. while there has been no change in the proportion of men reporting a parent, there has been a decrease in the proportion of women reporting their mother (but not their father) since 2000 .
haven’t any of you guys read “following moses” by frank de ruyter. gets way on top of this topic, and more or less substantiates what this documentary also stumbles on .
we performed a wavelet analysis to decompose spatial scales of longitudinal variation in nutrient concentration, the results of which were used to infer putative environmental drivers. wavelet analysis does not require the data series to be stationary, and is therefore particularly attractive, given the nonstationary nature of most ecological data (57). a full description of the wavelet technique can be found in an article by torrence and compo (58). wavelet analyses were applied to all 12 nutrient series (i. e. , three nutrient types × four surveys). a global assessment of the scale - specific properties of the decomposed signal was achieved by summing the mean of the squared wavelet coefficients across all locations to produce a scalogram or gws. after obtaining the corresponding wavelet spectra generated from wavelet analysis, we compared them using a multivariate method that defines an orthonormal basis maximizing the mutual covariance for each pair of wavelet spectra (59). comparing the decomposition of the wavelet spectra onto this orthonormal basis enabled us to quantify the dissimilarity of space - and spatial - scale patterns (i. e. , both the spatial scales and the spatial positions) among different nutrient species and among successional stages. we then used the constructed 12 × 12 dissimilarity matrix to calculate the mean dissimilarity exhibited by the main factors [ i. e. , nutrient species (no 3 −, srp, and cl −), successional stages ], which allowed us to evaluate the relative importance of the main factors [ similar to the method of rouyer (59) ]. wavelet analyses were carried out using the “biwavelet” package (60) in r (61).
patterns of evidence : exodus is a 2014 documentary film directed by tim mahoney . the film presents the theory that the biblical story of the exodus of the hebrew slaves from egypt really happened during the middle kingdom of egypt . it was released in theaters by thinking man film on january 19 , 2015 . 
patterns of evidence: exodus is a 2014 documentary film directed by tim mahoney. the film presents the theory that the biblical story of the exodus of the hebrew slaves from egypt really happened during the middle kingdom of egypt. it was released in theaters by thinking man film on january 19, 2015.
patterns of evidence: exodus is a 2014 documentary film directed by tim mahoney. the film presents the theory that the biblical story of the exodus of the hebrew slaves from egypt really happened during the middle kingdom of egypt. it was released in theaters by thinking man film on january 19, 2015.