women in war
it also promotes those rules of international humanitarian law which provide specific protection for women in war .
‘women of the empire in wartime’ (1916) looks at how women took over the roles of men in industry and agriculture in canada .
professor jo fox considers the use of women as symbols, victims and homemakers in world war one propaganda .
women who worked with lumberjacks and loggers during the war were called
lumberjills .
many canadian women wanted to play an active role in the war and lobbied the government to form military organizations for women. in 1941 - 42, the military was forever changed as it created its own women' s forces. women were now able, for the first time in our history, to serve canada in uniform. more than 50, 000 women served in the armed forces during the second world war .
historian matthew pinsker presents a quick rundown of women' s involvement in the u. s. civil war .
more than 400 women disguised themselves as men and fought in the union and confederate armies during the civil war .
in many ways, the coming of the civil war challenged the ideology of victorian domesticity that had defined the lives of men and women in the antebellum era. in the north and in the south, the war forced women into public life in ways they could scarcely have imagined a generation before .
three young women join the newly - formed women' s army corps (wacs) for varied reasons and make contributions to the war effort .
women and war: the making of a family affair by heather e. cunningham december 3, 2014
during the civil war, however, american women turned their attention to the world outside the home. thousands of women in the north and south joined volunteer brigades and signed up to work as nurses. it was the first time in american history that women played a significant role in a war effort. by the end of the war, these experiences had expanded many americans’ definitions of “true womanhood. ”
4, 480 nursing sisters (as canadian military nurses were known) served in the war - 3, 656 in the canadian women' s army corps, 481 in the women' s division of the royal canadian air force and 343 in the women' s royal canadian naval service. many of these women found themselves within range of enemy guns and some lost their lives .
at the peak of wartime employment in 1943 - 44, 439, 000 women worked in the service sector, 373, 000 in manufacturing and 4, 000 in construction .
during the second world war, the role of women in canadian society changed dramatically. canada needed women to pitch in and support the war effort from their homes, to work at jobs that were traditionally held by men, and to serve in the military. canadian women enthusiastically embraced their new roles and responsibilities and helped contribute to the success of canada' s victory campaign .
a short selection of fictional stories based on historical fact, told by generations of americans impacted by conflict from the great war to the war in afghanistan .
set in the waning days of the u. s. civil war, the keeping room sets men upon women and soldiers upon civilians in a remote area of rural south carolina .
mma watson, keira knightley, diane kruger and lupita nyong’o are just some of the big names who have de - cluttered their wardrobes to help raise money for women for women international. the charity helps women in war - torn countries rebuild their lives, and the wardrobes for women christmas sale, which is hosted by luxury resale site
gail braybon, ‘winners and losers: women’s symbolic role in the war story’, in gail braybon (ed .), evidence, history and the great war: historians and the impact of 1914 - 18 (oxford: berghahn, 2003), 86 - 112
' women of britain say - “go !
', a propaganda poster appealing to britain’s women to ensure their men enlist .
out of a total canadian population of 11 million people, only about 600, 000 canadian women held permanent jobs when the war started. during the war, their numbers doubled to 1, 200, 000 .
poster commissioned by the british parliamentary recruiting committee, and designed by savile lumley. it was published in 1915, by which time the war was already being referred to as ‘the great war’ .
the first movie will be simply avengers: infinity war, and will be released worldwide on in the uk on april 26 and in the us on april 27 .
women and war was first produced by retro productions at the spoon theater in may of 2010. the performance was directed by peter zinn. the full - length as well as the one - act, continues to be produced in high schools across the country as well in canadsa .
awe inspiring. playwright cunningham is a magician delivering the internal voices of multiple generations of women who' ve served as wives, nurses, sweethearts and officers spanning from wwi to afghanistan. women and war is essential theater. a moving and poignant scrapbook of the american war experience .
- united stages
makers follows the profound impact of betty friedan' s
the feminine mystique
on the awakening of the women' s movement in america in the 1950s and' 60s. the idea that women could do anything a man could do began to take hold of american women. women like kathrine switzer, judy blume, gloria steinem and more began to challenge traditional gender roles .
women in the services filled many positions, including mechanics, parachute riggers, wireless operators, clerks, and photographers .
but many women wanted to take a more active role in the war effort. inspired by the work of florence nightingale and her fellow nurses in the crimean war, they tried to find a way to work on the front lines, caring for sick and injured soldiers and keeping the rest of the union troops healthy and safe .
while the demonstrations and sit - ins of the decade before were over, women were not one done in the 1980s and 1990s. women like geraldine ferraro, meg whitman, sally ride and more began to infiltrate male - dominated professions. as women began to gain independence in america, the issues of pay parity, sexual harassment, and violence towards women were brought to the forefront .
three young women arrive at the women' s army corps facility in fort des moines for varied reasons and with different goals. mary savage is a war widow who wants to become an officer, farm girl stormy hart wants to become involved in motor transport, and lorna travis seeks to win the approval of her father, a major general, who has very chauvinist views on the role of women in the military. intensive training and guidance prepares the three to make a contribution to the success of the upcoming war games conducted by general travis and validate the value of the wacs to the war effort. .
scenic elements optional and can suggest war themes as interpreted by the producer / director .
today, i’m writing to the cadets at west point, specifically to the women in uniform. recently my colleague, maj. john spencer, wrote an op - ed for the la times, in which he argued that in order for women to be encouraged to join, and prepared to succeed in, combat arms branches, men in the military need to do more. i would argue that there is also a broader cultural shift necessary. the narrative about women in combat needs to change .
so much of canada' s silk and nylon was required for the war effort that women could not find the seamed stockings that were then in style. some fashion - conscious women resorted to paint, drawing lines up the back of their legs, to simulate the look of stockings .
rcaf women' s division. photo: library and archives canada / pa 133631
ruth harris, ‘the “child of the barbarian”: rape, race and nationalism in france in the first world war’, past & present 141 (1993), pp. 170 - 206
illustration from ‘canada in khaki’, a journal published to celebrate canadians’ actions on the front and raise money for the canadian war memorial fund .
infinity war is confirmed to run for 149 minutes – just under 2. 5 hours .
i tried for years to shop around a screenplay i wrote about the “night witches, ” the all - female squadron of soviet bomber pilots in world war ii, and i can tell you that war movies about women are not seen as money - makers... until they are. all it takes is one hit. maybe that will happen with “ashley’s war, ” the true story of female soldiers who accompanied special operations forces on missions during the war in afghanistan. but there are many more examples throughout history of courageous women in combat. the following list is just a tiny sliver. bringing any of these stories to the silver screen won’t in itself change the cultural narrative. but it will help .
lysistrata has planned a meeting between all of the women of greece to discuss the plan to end the peloponnesian war. as lysistrata waits for the women of sparta, thebes, and other areas to meet her she curses the weakness of women. lysistrata plans to ask the women to refuse sex with their husbands until a treaty for peace has been signed. lysistrata has also made plans with the older women of athens (the chorus of old women) to seize the akropolis later that day. the women from the various regions finally assemble and lysistrata convinces them to swear an oath that they will withhold sex from their husbands until both sides sign a treaty of peace. as the women sacrifice a bottle of wine to the gods in celebration of their oath, they hear the sounds of the older women taking the akropolis, the fortress that houses the treasury of athens .
contemporary commentators recognised that the war had complicated traditional conceptions of gender in the public and private spheres. the editor of women of the empire suggested that women’s contribution to the war effort would ‘mean a totally new world when peace once again holds sway the world over. it means an entire regeneration, not only of womanhood, but of manhood also, for you may be quite assured that the new woman will not rest satisfied with the old man. ’ such pronouncements cast the war as a ‘watershed’ moment in the history of women’s liberation. of course, the reality was different, and new tensions soon emerged .
the canadian women' s army corps (cwacs) had 21, 600 members .
setting: scenic elements optional and can suggest war themes as interpreted by the producer / director .
propaganda tended to depict women as guardians of the home, their gentle nature and vulnerability making them both objects of men’s affections and victims of the enemy’s barbarous acts, and yet also as resilient, active participants in the war effort .
“lysistrata” was first staged in 411 bce, just two years after athens' catastrophic defeat in the sicilian expedition, a turning - point in the long - running peloponnesian war aginst sparta, and, after 21 years of war, there seemed as little prospect of peace as ever. the oligarchic revolution in athens, which proved briefly successful that same year, was more political fall - out from the sicilian disaster was. the name lysistrata can be translated as “releaser of war” or “army disbander” .
during the war, women extended their charitable work to the war effort. they knit socks, scarves, and mitts and prepared parcels for canadians overseas, gathered materials for scrap collection drives, and helped people displaced by the war by providing clothes and setting up refugee centres. to deal with wartime shortages, women became experts at doing more with less. they made their own clothes (sometimes even using an old parachute to make a wedding dress) and planted victory gardens to supply much - needed fruits and vegetables to their families and communities. in short, women - acting in the traditional role of homemakers - gave, saved, and made do .
through correspondence and monologues, in the style of reader’s theater, women and war is a collection of fictional stories based on historical fact, told by generations of americans impacted by conflict from the great war to the war in afghanistan. from housewife to worker, young bride to nurse, mother to widow, and now, young woman to soldier, these are tales of sacrifice, love, determination and hope told by those who bravely persevere on the home front and on the battlefield .
zainab jah, left, plays a prisoner and akosua busia portrays a women’s - council official in danai gurira’s drama “eclipsed” at the public theater .
first three photo' s copyright imperial war museum. neg' s: hu36277; ch7346; hu63750
no imperial war museum photos may be copied without the permission of the museums copy - right dept .
the women' s royal canadian naval service (wrens) had 7, 100 members .
during the war, many women took a wide variety of civilian jobs that had once been filled by men. canada had its own version of
rosie the riveter ,
the symbolic working woman who laboured in factories to help the war effort. women worked shoulder - to - shoulder with men in factories, on airfields, and on farms. they built parts for ships and aircraft and manufactured ammunition. they drove buses, taxis, and streetcars. this level of female participation in the workplace was a first for canada - thousands of canadian women proving they had the skills, strength, and ability to do the work that men did .
eclipsed
is the more ambitious of the plays. heralded last year off - broadway at the public theater and presented at the kirk douglas theatre in a different production in 2009, the drama, set largely in a makeshift shelter at a rebel camp during the 2003 liberian civil war, focuses on a community of women wrestling with disastrous choices of survival .
while women weren’t officially allowed in direct combat roles, anyone wearing a combat action badge will tell you that there is no safe zone in a guerilla war. more than 11, 000 women served in vietnam. some made history, like the us navy’s cdr. elizabeth barrett, who became the first female line officer to hold a command position in a combat zone. some paid the ultimate price, like 1st lt. sharon ann lane, who was killed when her hospital was attacked by the vietcong .
women' s smaller physical size and manual dexterity helped them develop a great reputation for fine precision work in electronics, optics, and instrument assembly .
during the civil war, women especially faced a host of new duties and responsibilities. for the most part, these new roles applied the ideals of victorian domesticity to “useful and patriotic ends. ” however, these wartime contributions did help expand many women’s ideas about what their “proper place” should be .
the revolutionary war saw many women marching off to war alongside their husbands. one of those was margaret corbin. when her artilleryman husband was killed at the battle of fort washington, margaret took his place on the firing line. for the rest of the battle, she “manned” his cannon, firing continuously while being hit in the arm, chest, and face .
right now, half a world away, thousands of women are fighting isis as members of the ypj, the kurdish women’s defense units. they are serving in the kind of sustained land war americans haven’t seen since korea. make no mistake, these are frontline combat units, and they know what will happen if they’re captured. and yet, as one of them told the bbc, “one of our women is worth 100 of their men. ”
a report in the daily record suggests avengers: infinity war could end up being the most expensive movie made so far with a budget of $ 400m, topping the current frontrunner pirates of the caribbean: on stranger tides, which tallied in at $ 378. 5 in 2011 .
by world war ii, women filled every combat assignment in the red army. there were tankers, like mariya oktyabrskaya, who would jump out of her t - 34 to repair it under fire. there were fighter aces like lydia litvyak, the “white lily of stalingrad” who shot down a dozen nazi aircraft. and there were snipers like lyudmila pavlichenko who scored 309 confirmed kills, more than any american sniper in any war !
many women joined war relief clubs which were formed to improve the morale of the troops overseas. these clubs packaged canvas
ditty bags
with items such as chocolate, sewing kits, and razor blades .
lysistrata, a strong athenian woman with a great sense of individual responsibility, reveals her plan to take matters into her own hands and end the interminable peloponnesian war between athens and sparta. she has convened a meeting of women from various city states in greece and, with support from the spartan lampito, she explains to the other women her plan: that they are to withhold sexual privileges from their menfolk as a means of forcing them to bring an end to the war .
the extension of the suffrage and the growing voice of women’s rights campaigners underscored a perception that ‘women prosper [ ed ] as men suffer [ ed ] ’, another example of how war produced gendered dichotomies. as the historian gail braybon noted, propaganda tended to reinforce such divisions: ‘ [ just ] as mobilisation was polarised by gender, the men marching away, the women staying behind, so too victory and defeat. in victory, the men were to march home and the women were to cheer. in defeat, the men were killed and the women were raped’ (braybon, 2003: 88, 121 - 2). the reality, as braybon suggests, was more complex: relatively few women either experienced or embraced the notion of sexual, social and political liberation promised in the interwar years, epitomised by the weimar republic’s ‘new woman’, but equally the status of women had fundamentally changed and would undergo further upheavals during the second major conflict of the 20th century .
the women' s division, royal canadian air force (wds) had 17, 400 members .
brie larson' s captain marvel was widely expected to make her debut in infinity war ahead of her own 2019 solo movie, but that is not to be. perhaps she will finally join her fellow marvel heroes in avengers 4 .
gurira first came to attention as a writer with
in the continuum ,
a performance piece she co - created with nikkole salter that looks at aids in two far apart yet not all that different communities, one in l. a. , the other in africa. in
the convert ,
gurira explores colliding cultures and values in colonial africa .
an added twist to the gender battle arises from the fact that, although the gender roles were reversed (with the women acting like men, to some extent, in taking the political initiative, and the men behaving more like women), in the greek theatre all the actors were actually male anyway. the male characters in the play would probably have worn large, erect leather phalluses .
in lysistrata there are two choruses—the chorus of old men and the chorus of old women. a koryphaios leads both choruses. the chorus of men is first to appear on stage carrying wood and fire to the gates of the akropolis. the chorus of men is an old and bedraggled bunch of men who have great difficulty with the wood and the great earthen pots of fire they carry. the men plan to smoke the women out of the akropolis. the chorus of old women also approaches the akropolis, carrying jugs of water to put out the men' s fires. the chorus of old women is victorious in the contest between the choruses and triumphantly pours the jugs of water over the heads of the men. the commissioner, an appointed magistrate, comes to the akropolis seeking funds for the naval ships. the commissioner is surprised to find the women at the akropolis and orders his policemen to arrest lysistrata and the other women. in a humorous battle, that involves little physical contact, the policemen are scared off. the commissioner takes the opportunity to tell the men of athens that they have been too generous and allowed too much freedom with the women of the city. as the policemen run off, the commissioner and lysistrata are left to argue about the peloponnesian war. lysistrata argues that the war is a concern for women especially and she adds her two cents as to how the city should be run, drawing an elaborate analogy to show that athens should be structured as a woman would spin wool. lysistrata tells the commissioner that war is a concern of women because women have sacrificed greatly for it—women have given their husbands and their sons to the effort. lysistrata adds that it is now difficult for a woman to find a husband. the women mockingly dress the commissioner as a woman .
infinity war is a story that has been building from very early on in the existence of the mcu as the powerful objects known as the infinity stones have been coming to light .
slave women were, of course, not free to contribute to the union cause. moreover, they had never had the luxury of “true womanhood” to begin with: as one historian pointed out, “being a women never saved a single female slave from hard labor, beatings, rape, family separation, and death. ” the civil war promised freedom, but it also added to these women’s burden. in addition to their own plantation and household labor, many slave women had to do the work of their husbands and partners too: the confederate army frequently impressed male slaves, and slaveowners fleeing from union troops often took their valuable male slaves, but not women and children, with them. (working - class white women had a similar experience: while their husbands, fathers and brothers fought in the army, they were left to provide for their families on their own. )
in october 2000, the united nations security council passed landmark resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security, which linked women’s experiences of conflict to the international peace and security agenda, acknowledging their peacemaking roles as well as the disproportionate impact of violent conflict on women. ten years later, the u. s. institute of peace co - hosted a three - day women and war conference focused on the varied experiences of women during wartime and how to make sustained progress toward international peace and security. the event featured an extraordinary coalition of national and international participants, including u. n. and u. s. government officials, the international diplomatic communities, military personnel, academics, civil society leaders, and practitioners in the fields of security, development, and conflict resolution .
the collective experiences and accomplishments of all canadians, including those of women, during the great struggles of the second world war have provided our country with a proud and lasting legacy that will continue into the country' s future .
nearly 20, 000 women worked more directly for the union war effort. working - class white women and free and enslaved african - american women worked as laundresses, cooks and “matrons, ” and some 3, 000 middle - class white women worked as nurses. the activist dorothea dix, the superintendent of army nurses, put out a call for responsible, maternal volunteers who would not distract the troops or behave in unseemly or unfeminine ways: dix insisted that her nurses be “past 30 years of age, healthy, plain almost to repulsion in dress and devoid of personal attractions. ” (one of the most famous of these union nurses was the writer louisa may alcott. )
with all that, it will be no surprise that infinity war is on track to be the longest mcu movie yet .
the kurdish fighters facing off against isis clearly recognize the valuable contributions women among their ranks have to make. it’s time to make sure the american cultural narrative about women in direct combat roles reflects these contributions, too—both current and historical. seeing depictions of women in combat action is an important step toward encouraging more women to join newly opened combat arms branches. as maj. gen. tammy smith recently reminded her followers on twitter, “if i can see it i can be it. ” hollywood isn’t the solution. but it can and should be part of it .
“lysistrata” is a bawdy anti - war comedy by the ancient greek playwright aristophanes, first staged in 411 bce. it is the comic account of one woman' s extraordinary mission to end the peloponnesian war, as lysistrata convinces the women of greece to withhold sexual privileges from their husbands as a means of forcing the men to negotiate a peace. some consider it his greatest work, and it is probably the most anthologized .
in the years before the civil war, the lives of american women were shaped by a set of ideals that historians call “the cult of true womanhood. ” as men’s work moved away from the home and into shops, offices and factories, the household became a new kind of place: a private, feminized domestic sphere, a “haven in a heartless world. ” “true women” devoted their lives to creating a clean, comfortable, nurturing home for their husbands and children .
first billed as a two - part movie, with avengers: infinity war – part 1 being followed a year later by avengers: infinity war – part 2, the latest seems to be that marvel is drawing a more rigid line between them .
i have to agree with james b. the marine corps did an extensive study of this issue as part of the dod examination of placing women in front line combat roles in 2015. their recommendations were discounted and ultimately ignored by the administration .
a chorus of bumbling old men arrives, intent on burning down the gate of the acropolis if the women do not open up. however, before the men can make their preparations, a second chorus of old women arrives bearing pitchers of water. an argument ensues and threats are exchanged, but the old women successfully defend their younger comrades and the old men receive a good soaking in the process .
“war paint” instead takes a more considered approach to its subjects, aiming to embrace the complexities of its protagonists and subject matter .
buzzing comedies such as the spy who dumped me await you in our summer movie guide. check in for all the info you need .
women and war was first produced as a full - length play by retro productions at the spoon theater in may of 2010. the performance was directed by peter zinn. this one - act was developed with the theater department at owensboro high school, owensboro, kentucky headed by carolyn greer and the rose curtain players .
thanos wants unite them in the infinity gauntlet in order to
rebalance the universe
– which involved erasing half of all life in existence. these plans also involve the invasion of black panther' s home, wakanda, in order to get his hands on the remaining stones .
jack hilton cunningham is a playwright and an mfa graduate in theatre design from brooklyn college in 1968. he has designed scenery and costumes for opera and theatre in educational, regional, and off - as well as off - off broadway in new york city. his first play ,
the enormous cast will apparently allow for a set piece that will dwarf even captain america: civil war' s iconic airport battle .
in women and war, correspondence and monologues are used intermittently. the correspondence between characters places the audience in specific time frames and allows the audience a real sense of the relationships between characters. the characters are portrayed in their isolation, seeking an outlet for the expressions of their love and concern for their loved ones. monologues are utilized to reveal what is truly going on in the mind of a character regarding the story they have to share. correspondences and monologues are interwoven to create “through lines” of conflict, dramatic and situational irony .
the biggest challenge in telling any version of arden and rubinstein’s true - life story, sensationalized or not, was the fact that by all accounts, the two women were never in the same room together. “there was no suggestion of a dramatic story that you could put on the stage, ” korie recalled. “how do you write a musical about two women who never met? how do you write duets for people who are in different locations? “
in world war i, when the russian army was crumbling, women stepped forward to fill the growing void. one of the new all - female units was known as the “battalion of death, ” the members of which not only stood their ground under fire, but shamed their male comrades by charging past them into battle .
canada' s elsie gregory macgill was the first woman in the world to graduate as an aeronautical engineer. she worked for fairchild aircraft limited during the war. in 1940, her team' s design and production methods were turning out more than 100 hurricane combat aircraft per month .
this publication looks at the ways in which women can be affected by conflict and the actions taken by the international committee of the red cross (icrc) to take their specific needs into account .
world war ii brought a lot of suffering and hardship to thousands of people. families were broken up as men were sent to the front lines to fight, some never to return. children were sent out of the cities to stay with strangers, away from the bombing. the peaceful routine of everyday life was shattered. but out of the terrors and hardship of war, a new role for women began to emerge which was to change their position in society forever .
the women are dubious and reluctant at first, but the deal is sealed with a long and solemn oath around a wine bowl, and the women agree to abjure all sexual pleasures, including various specifically mentioned sexual positions. at the same time, another part of lysistrata' s plan (a precautionary measure) comes to fruition as the old women of athens seize control of the nearby acropolis, which holds the state treasury, without which the men cannot long continue to fund their war. the word of revolt is spread and the other women retreat behind the barred gates of the acropolis to await the men' s response .
jo fox (frsa, frhists) is professor of modern history at durham university. she is a specialist on the history of propaganda and war. her publications include film propaganda in britain and nazi germany: world war ii cinema (berg, 2007) and (with david welch) justifying war: politics, propaganda and the modern age (palgrave, 2013). she is a national teaching fellow (2007) and the director of communications for the royal historical society. jo fox is currently researching the history of rumour in the first and second world wars .
hundreds of women fought in this conflict, most of them disguised as men. one of them was mary galloway who, at sixteen years old, took a bullet in the neck at antietam. she lay in a ditch for a day and half, refused treatment from male surgeons, and was finally saved by another pioneering woman, clara barton .
a magistrate reflects on the hysterical nature of women and their devotion to wine, promiscuous sex and exotic cults, but above all he blames the men for the poor supervision of their womenfolk. he needs silver from the treasury for the war effort, and he and his constables try to break into the acropolis, but are quickly overwhelmed by groups of unruly women with long, strange names .
suffragettes seized upon the mobilisation of women to argue that active female participants in the war effort were more worthy of citizenship than were male pacifists or conscientious objectors. but the image of such women was far from clear - cut. female nurses, who risked their lives to care for the troops at the front, were still described in gendered terms (as carers, sisters or ‘angels’), while munitions workers were simultaneously depicted as capable of demanding physical labour and as compromising their maternal instincts. how to reconcile the paradox that the same women who made the bullets and shells, responsible for the deaths of so many, would also be the mothers of the next generation ?
modern adaptations of the play are often femininist and / or pacifist in their aim, but the original play was neither particularly feminist nor unreservedly pacifist. even while apparently demonstrating empathy with the female condition, aristophanes still tended to reinforce sexual stereotyping of women as irrational creatures in need of protection from themselves and from others. certainly, it seems clear that aristophanes was not actually advocating real political power for women .
from a purely cosmetic standpoint, the broadway musical “ war paint ” seems to have all the makings of an over - the - top season of the fx series “ feud ”: two powerful, successful, ferociously competitive women, locked in an unrelenting rivalry and played by actresses who are storied broadway performers with a high quotient of gay fandom .
girl, whose name seems to be a casualty of war, has the advantage of some education. she reads to the women a book about bill clinton' s presidency, a melodrama that captivates them, especially when
monica, his no. 2
enters the story .
from a purely cosmetic standpoint, the broadway musical “war paint” seems to have all the makings of an over - the - top season of the fx series “feud”: two powerful, successful, ferociously competitive women, locked in an unrelenting rivalry and played by actresses who are storied broadway performers with a high quotient of gay fandom. but audiences at [ … ]
dark though its subject matter is, “eclipsed” has moments of warmth and even humor, as the women try to buoy one another’s spirits and maintain some modicum of civilization. a running gag — though the term seems frivolous in this context — finds the new arrival reading from a biography of bill clinton. the women become engrossed in the scandal surrounding monica lewinsky, and naturally refer to her as “wife no. 2. ”
with the outbreak of war in 1861, women and men alike eagerly volunteered to fight for the cause. in the northern states, women organized ladies’ aid societies to supply the union troops with everything they needed, from food (they baked and canned and planted fruit and vegetable gardens for the soldiers) to clothing (they sewed and laundered uniforms, knitted socks and gloves, mended blankets and embroidered quilts and pillowcases) to cash (they organized door - to - door fundraising campaigns, county fairs and performances of all kinds to raise money for medical supplies and other necessities) .
in june 1861, they succeeded: the federal government agreed to create “a preventive hygienic and sanitary service for the benefit of the army” called the united states sanitary commission. the sanitary commission’s primary objective was to combat preventable diseases and infections by improving conditions (particularly “bad cookery” and bad hygiene) in army camps and hospitals. it also worked to provide relief to sick and wounded soldiers. by war’s end, the sanitary commission had provided almost $ 15 million in supplies–the vast majority of which had been collected by women–to the union army .
this is an ensemble piece, not a star vehicle, but nyong' o can' t help standing out even as the girl becomes a fully fledged member of this unenviable community of war - ravaged women. her plight is terrifying, and nyong' o makes the tragedy achingly personal .
eclipsed ,
by the u. s. - born, zimbabwean - raised danai gurira, represents the first time a broadway play has been written and directed by and cast entirely with women. that these are black women makes this milestone only that much more remarkable .
white women in the south threw themselves into the war effort with the same zeal as their northern counterparts. the confederacy had less money and fewer resources than did the union, however, so they did much of their work on their own or through local auxiliaries and relief societies. they, too, cooked and sewed for their boys. they provided uniforms, blankets, sandbags and other supplies for entire regiments. they wrote letters to soldiers and worked as untrained nurses in makeshift hospitals. they even cared for wounded soldiers in their homes .
the antagonist of
eclipsed
is the hell that liberia has become for women. but unlike
ruined ,
lynn nottage' s more brechtian - inspired drama about congolese sex workers whose lives have been similarly warped by war, gurira' s drama occasionally meanders, losing momentum and character sharpness .
lysistrata restores some order after the fracas, and allows the magistrate to question her about her scheme and the war. she explains to him the frustrations that women feel at a time of war, when the men make stupid decisions that affect everyone and their wive' s opinions are not listened to. she expresses pity for the young, childless women, left to grow old at home during the best years of their lives, while the men are away on endless military campaigns, and she constructs an elaborate analogy in which she shows that athens should be structured as a woman would spin wool. to illustrate her points, lysistrata and the women dress the magistrate up, first as a woman and then as a corpse. eventually, he storms off to report the incident to his colleagues, and lysistrata returns to the acropolis .
enjoy a night in with these popular movies available to stream now with prime video .
“these women were captains of industry, ” frankel said. “if we were writing about henry ford and the head of chrysler, you wouldn’t be looking for cutting, campy, wink - wink scenes in a cigar lounge. ”
but according to stone, if audiences go in expecting to see a catfight, that’s fine — up to a point. “if that intrigues people, okay, ” he said. “but then what we also must do is deal with other more serious issues: what these women sacrificed in order to succeed, how they created an industry, and became the first women in this country running multinational corporations named for them, all by creating a movement that both empowers and enslaves other women, ” he added. “the shows that really work are the ones that give audiences what they want, and then give them what they don’t even know they want, what they don’t expect. ”
the modern war institute does not screen articles to fit a particular editorial agenda, nor endorse or advocate material that is published. rather, the modern war institute provides a forum for professionals to share opinions and cultivate ideas. comments will be moderated before posting to ensure logical, professional, and courteous application to article content .
is a short selection of fictional stories based on historical fact, told by generations of americans impacted by conflict from the great war to the war in afghanistan. from housewife to worker, young bride to nurse, mother to widow, and now, young woman to soldier, these are tales of sacrifice, love, determination and hope told by those who bravely persevere on the home front and on the battlefield .
the reward of a more diverse range of storytellers is a richer variety of stories, and
eclipsed ,
which stars oscar winner lupita nyong' o (
12 years a slave
), tells a harrowing tale of women and war in africa that brings a new globalism to the comfortably parochial great white way. (and, yes, it' s about time to retire that old moniker. )
in the play’s most searing scene, she admits to maima with confusion and horror the role she played in the violent serial rape of a young woman after a battle. ms. nyong’o delivers this harrowing monologue with a disoriented sense of helplessness and shame that cuts to the bone. and with maima’s violent, contemptuous reaction to her confession, “eclipsed” reaches even deeper into the unrelenting darkness in which the women are forced to exist .
by the 1970s, feminism had taken root in all aspects of american life from politics, pop culture, and the economy. women like marlo thomas and billie jean king were changing the world. young women no longer wanted to follow the footsteps of their mothers— they wanted a career, sexual liberation and more. amid the sexual revolution the issue of legal abortion became hotly contested through roe v. wade .
women have fought and served with distinction throughout history. but that fact does not mean it is prudent to include them as an integral part of combat units. should not our goal, our standard be to field the most effective and deadly force we can? the historical examples cited are mostly situations of desperation or necessity. i don’t think these citations adequately make the argument for including women in combat roles .
this appeal to the women of britain by the imperial maritime league is redolent of the famous poster convincing potential recruits to enlist: while their loss is keenly felt, mothers, wives, and daughters sanction the departure of their menfolk to the battlefields of flanders in order to defend their honour and way of life. propagandists exerted pressure on prospective volunteers by urging that women and children were under threat and required their protection, as the reports emanating from the occupied territories of rape, torture, and mutilation seemed to confirm. equally, women themselves were called upon to mobilise, to assist in the care of troops at the front, to fill roles on the home front vacated by the nation’s soldiers, and to work in factories producing munitions for them to fire .
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from left, pascale armand, lupita nyong' o and saycon sengbloh in
eclipsed .
feige told vulture that he was most looking forward to seeing doctor strange and iron man meeting on the big screen, before teasing the other meetups to come :
particularly in infinity war and the movie after that, there are... unexpected team - ups .
in october 2000, the united nations security council passed landmark resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security, which linked women’s experiences of conflict to the international peace and security agenda, acknowledging their peacemaking roles as well as the disproportionate impact of violent conflict on women. ten years later the u. s. institute of peace co - hosted a three - day conference celebrating the landmark resolution. with an eye toward translating the promise of resolution 1325 into concrete action, this event focused on the varied experiences of women during wartime and how to make sustained progress toward greater global peace and security. the event featured an extraordinary coalition of national and international participants, including un and us government officials, the international diplomatic communities, military personnel, academics, civil society leaders, and practitioners in the fields of security, development, and conflict resolution .
lupita nyong’o, the oscar winner and radiant darling of red - carpet - watchers, is not really the star of “eclipsed, ” danai gurira’s shattering drama about women’s suffering during the liberian civil wars. although the character played by ms. nyong’o, called only “the girl” in the program, occupies its dramatic center, ms. gurira’s play is not a star vehicle but an ensemble piece, with terrific roles for five women .
steve rogers expected to dump his captain america title after going rogue in civil war, perhaps to become' nomad' instead. and the russos have teased more
radical
changes for thor, too – including a new hammer called stormbreaker and, maybe, a new eye too .
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gurira plunges us into the routines of these women. when they' re not submitting to the general' s lust, they cook, clean, gossip and bicker .
the canada remembers program of veterans affairs canada encourages all canadians to learn about the sacrifices and achievements made by those who have served–and continue to serve–during times of war and peace. as well, it invites canadians to become involved in remembrance activities that will help preserve their legacy for future generations .
but what can we expect when the mad titan thanos comes out swinging for the double movie? here' s everything you need to know to prepare for the all - out avengers war .
it should be remembered that this was a time when women did not have the vote, and when men had ample opportunities to whet their sexual appetites elsewhere. indeed, the very idea that a woman could have enough influence to end a war would have been considered quite ridiculous to the greek audience members. interestingly, when establishing the rules of the sex ban, lysistrata also makes allowance for cases where the woman is forced to yield, in which case they should do so with an ill grace and in such a way as to afford the minimum of gratification to their partner, remaining passive and taking no more part in the amorous game than they are absolutely obliged to .
the twentieth century saw us stepping onto the world stage, but we did so from behind the safety of two oceans. that safety allowed the luxury of sexism. we didn’t deploy women in direct combat roles because we didn’t have to. other countries didn’t have a choice. the most notable example in those two global conflicts was mother russia, who called on her daughters to save her.
women in war is a 1940 american war film about the nurses of the british voluntary aid detachment ( vad ) during the battle of france . directed by john h. auer and starring wendy barrie , elsie janis and patric knowles , it was nominated for an academy award for best visual effects ( howard lydecker , william bradford , ellis j. thackery , herbert norsch ) . 
women in war is a 1940 american war film about the nurses of the british voluntary aid detachment (vad) during the battle of france. directed by john h. auer and starring wendy barrie, elsie janis and patric knowles, it was nominated for an academy award for best visual effects (howard lydecker, william bradford, ellis j. thackery, herbert norsch).
women in war is a 1940 american war film about the nurses of the british voluntary aid detachment (vad) during the battle of france. directed by john h. auer and starring wendy barrie, elsie janis and patric knowles, it was nominated for an academy award for best visual effects (howard lydecker, william bradford, ellis j. thackery, herbert norsch).