the confusion of tongues
on the foreground: the people of the world, punished by the confusion of the tongues for their disobedience to god .
the confusion of tongues is 90 minute comedy film that will be shot and edited in 72 hours
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confusion of tongues tips us into the middle of a nightmare. is the only way out of the trauma to re - experience it ?
strickling, j. e. 1974 legendary evidence for the confusion of tongues, creation research society quarterly 11: 97–101 .
' give it to me!' - a limited edition dvd of the' confusion of tongues', with handwritten letter from one of the directors .
{ * * yonge' s title, a treatise on the confusion of languages. }
to trace the perception of tongues in the church from inception until modern times .
the following are the results of a detailed study of the doctrine of tongues from inception until 1922. the results are drawn from the gift of tongues project which had a fourfold purpose to :
stephen finlay, confusion of tongues: a theory of normative language, oxford university press, 2014, 278pp. , $ 65. 00 (hbk), isbn 9780199347490 .
orr, james, m. a. , d. d. general editor .
entry for' confusion of tongues'
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international standard bible encyclopedia
. 1915 .
ferenczi, s. ([ 1933 ] 1994). confusion of tongues between adults and the child. in final contributions to the problems and methods of psychoanalysis (pp. 156–167). london: karnac books .
the confusion of tongues is a movie starring gemma atkinson, ewen macintosh, and kate o' toole. a polyphonic story following a day in the life of a group of birmingham residents before they compete for the prize money at their local pub quiz .
my conservative estimate tallies about 150 million people consistently practising the christian rite of speaking in tongues throughout the world .
to add to this confusion, there was my experience on radio the other week. take a listen to this short clip :
one of the most misunderstood passages in the old testament is the genesis account of the confusion of tongues at the tower of babel. this is typically viewed as an effort to explain the origin of earth’s many diverse languages, their having arisen from a single primal tongue. we read in genesis 11: 1 - 9 that
it is my opinion that this observed “inappropriate or garbled speech” is a contemporary example of what the book of genesis calls “confounded speech. ” the confusion of tongues at the tower of babel can thus be demystified. it was a rather widespread natural disturbance that had nothing to do with the creation of new languages .
in comparison to the detailed articles posted within the gift of tongues project, few footnotes will be given here, and some ancient authors and minor movements will be ignored. one can find substantiation at the gift of tongues project webpage. links to the gift of tongues project pages will be highlighted throughout. the results are subject to change as new information comes forward .
this changes things considerably, instead of acts 2: 4 reading as other tongues the proper reading is other languages. the other tongues creates ambiguities that never existed in the greek. other languages immediately starts to clarify a difficult subject .
these are the sons of shem, after their families, after their tongues, in their lands, after their nations .
these are the sons of ham, after their families, after their tongues, in their countries, and in their nations .
it would not be fair to translate the church fathers on the subject using tongues instead of languages. it significantly changes the nuance of the text when it is done .
a crew of 44 students and recent graduates will be aiming to shoot, edit and screen a 90 - minute feature film titled, ‘the confusion of tongues’ in just 72 hours which will feature a high - profile cast, including gemma atkinson, sadie frost, kate o’toole and ewen macintosh .
“the confusion of tongues” doesn’t end with just end with a collaborative effort on the filmmaking. we have found (and are still seeking) any artists who wish to be a part of the film. we are working with local artists for them to contribute any work and perhaps write original pieces for the film itself .
the confusion of tongues is a farcical comedy set over one day in birmingham, intertwining the stories of various characters linked by their desire to win the jackpot at a local pub quiz. the cast will comprise emerging and established actors, who will be revealed at the official launch event at the spotted dog at 7pm on friday 30th may .
after an exhaustive approach of locating, digitizing, translating and analyzing two - thousand years worth of texts, the results of the gift of tongues project has found one of the main challenges to solving this debate is overcoming the embedded ignorance of history .
speaking in tongues is an inherent part of the present pentecostal and charismatic identities. this practice is one of the key features that distinguish them apart from other christian movements .
the actual results can be found at the gift of tongues project. most readers have found the actual project source texts, principally in greek and latin, along with the analysis too complex and desire to read a shortened version. this series of summaries is concerned with the big picture on how the doctrine of tongues was transmitted through the centuries, not the details .
there are two known cuneiform accounts that deal with the confusion of language and undoubtedly derive from the tower of babel episode of genesis 11. the earliest, probably from the early third millennium (kramer 1970: 108), is part of longer epic called “enmerkar and the lord of aratta. ” in it, “the spell of nudimmud” is quoted, which deals with the confusion of language. according to the spell, there once was a “golden age” when everyone spoke one language. the god enki, leader of the gods, put an end to this era by confusing the speech of mankind. the critical passage read ,
a good example of a renewalist speaking in tongues is found in this video clip of the late kenneth hagin. he was a highly respected and influential pentecostal preacher in the mid - 1900s .
kramer, samuel n. 1968 the “babel of tongues”: a sumerian version, journal of the american oriental society 88: 108–11 1970 enki and his inferiority complex, orientalia 39: 103–10 .
the old testament story of the tower of babel tells how nimrod built one of the first cities after the flood (remember noah ?). he built a tower into the sky to get his people closer to god, using all the resources that he had at his disposal. once god saw how people were determined to equate themselves with himself, he destroyed the tower and created a ‘confusion of tongues’, the bible’s explanation for why we all speak different languages today .
what is the tower’s purpose? it’s a “bridge” that would reconnect us back to source. ,. our dna… and through the confusion of language and the distortion of concepts, the “rulers / anchors” control us, humanity, and do actively prevent our true progress…
the christian rite of speaking in tongues has been controversial, especially over the last one - hundred years. speaking in tongues is a practice expressed by renewalists. renewalism is the fastest growing christian faith in the world. many have tried to explain this rite through experiential and psychological terms, but few have attempted an extensive study through historical literature .
we' re making a farcical comedy feature film called' the confusion of tongues' based in birmingham uk. what makes this project special is the fact that it will be filmed and edited in 72 hours, commencing on thursday 17th july at 9am then finishing at 9am on sunday 20th. it will then be screened in the largest cinema screen in birmingham, ‘the giant screen’ on the sunday night .
this work traces the perception of tongues speaking through the centuries. perception is not necessarily reality. on many occasions, the work will reference the perception with no remarks about the integrity of the event or person. this is up to the reader to decide .
the “arrest response” produced by [ electrical ] stimulation in the [ brain’s ] posterior frontal region... consists in the arrest of voluntary movement and may show additional features such as post - stimulation confusion, inappropriate or garbled speech ...
this summary is the result of the gift of tongues project which is designed for the advanced researcher. the gift of tongues project has attempted to identify, collate and digitize the source texts in the original greek, latin, with some syriac, french and a sprinkling of a few other languages. english translations have been provided with almost every text, along with my own analysis. the gift of tongues project differentiates itself from others because the source texts available on the website allow for you to research and draw your own conclusions. all the legwork is already done. all one has to do now is read instead of the time consuming and never ending task of finding the source files. better yet, the majority is digitally searchable .
' the confusion of tongues' characterised the polarised dimensions of the closing ferenczi / freud communication, and extended to problems of psychoanalytic formulation and publication. there were manifest and latent issues which remain of historic importance. ferenczi was dying and assumed freud was dying when he wrote this classic essay, so relevant to contemporary psychoanalytic thought and controversy. denying and sometimes acknowledging his progressive, fatal illness, ferenczi made enduring contributions to the understanding of child abuse and trauma while severely traumatised. concepts of trauma and countertransference were amplified and expanded. freud remained remarkably creative while physically declining with oral cancer; ferenczi manifested progressive and regressive trends, fostering both sublimated innovation and wild analysis. psychoanalysts tended to avoid, for half a century, confronting the problems of the ill, impaired, and dying analyst. the clarification of' the confusion of tongues' continues in contemporary psychoanalytic discussion and debate. the paper presaged a widened interest in the analyst' s analysing functions, unconscious communication, countertransference, and the interplay of reality and fantasy inside and outside the psychoanalytic situation .
) is the pivotal key word for the doctrine of tongues in the original greek text. this word is the central theme found in paul’s address to the corinthians and luke’s description of the first pentecost. this noun is further used by later greek ecclesiasts and authors on the subject .
boscawen, w. st. chad 1876 the legend of the tower of babel. records of the past 7: 129–32. 1877 the legend of the tower of babel, transactions of the society of biblical archaeology 5: 303–12 .
in those days... the people entrusted [ to him ] could address enlil, verily, in but a single tongue. in those days... did enki... estrange the tongues in their mouths as many as were put there. the tongues of men which were one (jacobsen 1997; cf. kramer 1968, 1970; cohen 1973) .
although the longest shoot i’ve worked on was 15 hours, and i was in a coma for three days afterwards but it was amazing! so expectations for this shoot are high! sorry, got carried away and i didn’t introduce myself! i’m amy! one of the production assistant on the 72 hour project’s new film ‘confusion of tongues’. i’ll be posting on here, twitter and facebook during the shoot, i’ll be bring you all the news from the shoot plus interviews from the cast !
at the end of the 72 hours we will take a few hours to get some sleep and encode the film ready for uploading for downloads. we' ll watch the film in the giant screen at 6pm on sunday 20th july and once it is finished, the link for the download will be available for our audience. the film will then be taken away to be tidied up outside of the 72 hours and prepared for life upon the festival circuit much the same as any other film.' the ballad of des & mo' had a successful 18 months touring the world, we hope the same will be true of' the confusion of tongues'
stephen finlay' s confusion of tongues (cot) is an ambitious book. its first half advances a unifying semantics for normative words, including' good',' ought', and' reason'. in the second half, he argues that this semantics, combined with a single pragmatic principle, can explain the uses of such expressions of special interest to ethicists. cot' s engagement with these topics is rich and complex .
- - mind
the gift of tongues project and this summary believe that pentecostals and charismatics have brought positive contributions to the greater society, and have made the world a better place. the purpose of this examination is not to attack or denigrate their character. the goal is simply to find the truth of the matter. nothing more .
it is thought that on the site of the tower of babel the kingdom of babylon had its beginning. the babylonian meaning of babel is “gate of god“; but, the meaning in the hebrew is “confusion“ - - and it was called that after god scattered the people by confusing their languages. it is significant that babylon, that great empire so renowned for its great wealth, pride, pomp, and all that is the opposite of the kingdom of god, should have had its beginning in the evil heart of nimrod. “an evil man out of the evil treasure [ of the heart ] bringeth forth evil things“ [
thankfully the internet age came along. museums and other institutions have posted many manuscripts online. better manuscripts are now available than the ones found in mpg. the ability to do digital searches with google’s search engine reveals even more texts. the gift of tongues project is one of the direct benefactors of the digitization of libraries, museums, and institutions .
base of the ziggurat at babylon, thought to be the location of the tower of babel described in genesis 11 .
– a term given for those who emphasize miracles, supernatural occurrences, and oftentimes speaking in tongues within the christian’s everyday life. really, it is an umbrella term for pentecostals, charismatics ,
the renewalist faith, with its emphasis on holiness, mysticism, independence, and easy adaptability to different cultures, is the fastest growing segment of christianity in the world. their christian mystic framework along with its distinctive theology of speaking in tongues makes a historical study imperative .
and with every living creature that is with you, of the fowl, of the cattle, and of every beast of the earth with you; from all that go out of the ark, to every beast of the earth .
bonnke’s demonstration is not as obvious as hagin’s. he mixes regular language and charismatic, excitable speech between short outbursts of tongues - speech. the audience is energized but not surprised by this presentation. this is quite common in renewalist circles .
unto shem also, the father of all the children of eber, the brother of japheth the elder, even to him were children born .
this is a typical example, though speaking in tongues is not always done in a sunday service. it is practised more frequently in weekday services, prayer sessions, pastoral settings, and special events .
this work is broken up into a three part series. part 1 traces the evolution of pentecost from the first to seventeenth - centuries which is inclusive of catholic perceptions. part 2 focuses on the protestant perceptions which has three distinct doctrinal frameworks. part 3 is an in - depth look into the corinthian tongues saga .
what do renewalists presently believe speaking in tongues to be? there is a general agreement that speaking in tongues is a supernatural phenomenon — one that cannot be measured or defined by science. some renewalists call it a heavenly language that only the individual, god, and a special interpreter understands. others say it is a private prayer language or a form of exalted worship. there are those who just shrug their shoulders and say it is simply a god thing that defies explanation. a handful may say speaking in tongues is the spontaneous ability to speak a foreign language. most renewalists believe that speaking in tongues is a deliberate outcome of a controlled mind – in other words, they are not crazies or kooks whose erratic behavior is in an uncontrolled hallucinatory state. they are regular people like the helpful neighbor across the street, the taxi driver, teacher, dentist, nurse, plumber, politician, lawyer or construction worker. renewalists are found in all walks of life .
this does not mean all those defined as renewalists emphasize this doctrine and practice it. the same pew study further demonstrates that no more than 53% of renewalists speak in tongues in any country they examined. in most instances, it is less .
in utopia (1516), thomas more imagines an apparently perfect island society in which citizens share a common language and way of life. it is a text riddled with ambiguities, paradoxes and verbal games: ‘utopia’ itself translates as both ‘no - place’ and ‘good - place’. the book has repeatedly frustrated readers’ attempts to decipher its message. confusion of tongues: art and the limits of language brings into dialogue artists who – in ways similar to more – explore the power of language to complicate and withhold meaning. as viewers, we are invited to imagine through and beyond the spoken and written word, to think and re - think, to look and look again .
and the fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast of the earth, and upon every fowl of the air, upon all that moveth upon the earth, and upon all the fishes of the sea; into your hand are they delivered .
therefore is the name of it called babel; because the lord did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did the lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth .
]). it is on the basis of this text that the reasonable premise is given that nimrod was the guiding personality in uniting the people into the work of building the tower of babel. he perhaps was one of the first dictators in the world .
for it is written, i will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and will bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent .
people will always be inspired by the pentecostal narrative described in the book of acts and the mysterious tongues found later on in the new testament epistle called i corinthians. those accounts have propelled many ardent students of the bible and the christian faith to reproduce this phenomenon in their lives. the passion for a new pentecost has cycled for twenty - one - centuries. how communities and persons perceived, practised and passed - on the right throughout these centuries is the goal of this study .
and god saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually .
a good man out of the good treasure of the heart bringeth forth good things: and an evil man out of the evil treasure bringeth forth evil things .
no fear of god an unbiased study of the book of genesis should convince anyone of the depravity of the unregenerate heart, and the desperate sinfulness of men when they are left to their own devices, without interference by god. the sin principle came into the soul of man as a result of the fall in the garden of eden. no good works that man can do will remove it. the threatenings of neither god nor man will turn a sinner into a righteous man. no amount of good resolutions will avail to remove sin from the human soul. only through the blood of jesus christ as it is applied to the soul will sin be removed from the souls of men .
this finding was not anticipated at the start. the project assumed at the beginning there was little christian literature throughout the centuries to build a case. rather, there is a substantial corpus of ancient christian literature on the subject. the discovery about the abundance on the subject has created two rival stories. the first allows the building of a compelling narrative on the doctrine of tongues throughout the centuries. the second is the narrative about the ignorance of christian literature over the last two centuries and how it has contributed to the modern definition. both play an important story in the modern definition and i am not sure which one is more important. they share a complex interplay that is difficult to untangle .
and the arvadite, and the zemarite, and the hamathite: and afterward were the families of the canaanites spread abroad .
close up of the baked bricks and bitumen mortar of the ziggurat at ur. “they used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar” for the tower of bible (gn 11: 3) .
and the lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men builded .
perkins, ann l. 1949 the comparative archaeology of early mesopotamia, chicago: the university of chicago press .
luke is vague on the actual mechanics and certainly short on details. this leaves his pentecost and subsequent tongues narratives with many unanswered questions; did every inspired person speak in a single different language and together they were speaking the languages of all the nations? was it one sound emanating and changed during transmission so that the hearers heard their own language? if it was a miracle of hearing, what was that sound? were the people conscious of what they were saying or were they completely overtaken by a divine power and had no comprehension about what they were speaking? was it a heavenly, non - human or prayer language? did this miracle continue after the first - century? how did this tongues - event get passed down to the next generation? did it become part of the church liturgy ?
as a person who attends a charismatic church and involved in these type of communities for decades, i wanted the results to parallel their experiences. unfortunately, the findings did not allow for this. everyone who approaches the 2000 year narrative on speaking in tongues has to allow history to speak for itself – not to rewrite history to justify contemporary experience .
a more contemporary example is reinhard bonnke. bonnke is a german - born evangelist whose work in africa, especially nigeria has earned him the rank of one the top preachers of all time in respect to audience reach. the example here is his public speaking in tongues at a large indoor gathering somewhere in asia. his christ for the nations website claims over 55 million documented decisions for christ under his ministry .
these are the families of the sons of noah, after their generations, in their nations: and by these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood .
doré based his tower of babel on the minaret of the great mosque of samarra, in present day iraq. the minaret is 52 m high and has a spiralling cone .
i will ascend above the heights of the clouds; i will be like the most high .
the word tongues, which is seldom used in our modern language to specifically mean a modern, regular or contemporary language, is usually understood to be something out - of - this - world, unusual or even weird. sometimes it is used a synonym to language, but rarely in contemporary literature is it a predominant descriptor .
may the men of this twenty - first century consider that the day is fast approaching when the world is again going to be joined in a common cause, under the leadership of the evil genius of satan. the antichrist, the false prophet, and the beast will rule the world in a trinity of evil. the world will bow to their will, and god will be defied by this government of tyranny. but god shall again confound the peoples of the world as effectually as he did when he confounded the builders of the tower of babel when he confused their speech .
nimrod and great babylon the tenth chapter of genesis, often called the table of nations, lists the generations of noah. here is chronicled the names of the tribes from which sprang all the nations of the earth. god recorded these in his word in evidence that he had not yet finished dealing with them. his plan of salvation was eventually revealed to include them all .
this of course begs the question, “what could have been the natural source of such provocative stimuli in the distant past? ” check out the reference below .
1. were the people righteous or unrighteous after the flood? 2. how do we know that the descendants of noah were familiar with the event of the flood? 3. what common purpose did the people of the earth have? what united them in this purpose? 4. who was nimrod? and where was his kingdom, babel, founded? 5. what does babel mean? 6. why were not the people who built the tower of babel afraid of god? 7. why did the lord confuse the speech of the people? 8. why did god stop the building of the tower of babel? 9. does god intervene in the affairs of men today? why? 10. why did not god destroy the builders of the tower of babel as he did the antediluvians
it is not unreasonable to suppose that noah told the story of the flood many times to his grandchildren, and their children and that the story of the flood was well known to the generations of noah. also the earth for many generations bore fresh and vivid evidence of the deluge that had swept the earth of all its wicked inhabitants. how great a warning this must have spoken to the descendants of noah of the folly of forsaking god! but the bible records that it was not long before they, too, had forsaken and refused the ways of righteousness and turned to their own self - sufficiency .
he taketh the wise in their own craftiness: and the counsel of the froward is carried headlong .
this exhibition is a response to utopia 2016: a year of imagination and possibility, a year - long programme of events and exhibitions at somerset house celebrating the 500th anniversary of the publication of thomas more’s utopia .
an objective reading of the biblical account reveals only that the tower - builders’ speech was “confounded. ” the passage in the eleventh chapter of genesis reads in part :
oxford university press is a department of the university of oxford. it furthers the university' s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide .
and the beginning of his kingdom was babel, and erech, and accad, and calneh, in the land of shinar .
perhaps one could argue 800 words when you throw in the defense of the experience by peter in acts chapter 2 and the three other instances throughout the book of acts. perhaps paul could be credited with writing about pentecost if his coverage in his first letter to the corinthians contains a parallel, though part iii will show these are not connected. why all the fuss over 206 words? if it was so important, why didn’t luke go into much greater detail? this would have spared the modern day reader such a confusion. the clarification is going to take over 10, 000 words and the parsing through a magnitude of documents found throughout the centuries to explain those few written words two thousand years ago .
now these are the generations of the sons of noah, shem, ham, and japheth: and unto them were sons born after the flood .
cohen, sol 1973 emmerkar and the lord of aratta, ph. d. dissertation, university of pennsylvania .
seely, paul h. 2001 the date of the tower of babel and some theological implications, westminster theological journal 63: 15–38 .
i. (1) as to the preceding topics, what has been already said will be sufficient. we might next proceed to consider, and that in no slight or cursory manner, the philosophical account which moses gives us of the confusion of languages; for he speaks in the following manner :
and all the earth had one pronunciation, and there was one language among all men. and it came to pass, as they were moving from the east, that they found a plain in the land of shinar, and dwelt there. and one man said to his neighbour, come, let us make bricks, and let us burn them with fire; and they had bricks for stone, and asphalt for mortar. and they said, come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower whose head shall reach to heaven; and let us make for ourselves a name, before we are scattered over the face of all the earth. and the lord came down to see the city, and the tower, which the sons of men had builded. and the lord said, behold, all mankind is one race, and there is but one language among them all; and they have begun to do this thing, and now there will not fail unto them anything of all the things which they desire to do. come, let us go down and confuse their language there, so that each may not understand the voice of his neighbour. and the lord scattered them from thence over the face of all the earth, and they desisted from building the city, and the tower. on this account, the name of it was called confusion, because there the lord confused the languages of all the earth, and from thence the lord scattered them over the face of all the earth .
{ 1 } { # ge 11: 1. }
so the lord scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city .
if biblical archaeology is defined loosely as “the study of the ancient things related to the bible, ...
he disappointeth the devices of the crafty, so that their hands cannot perform their enterprise .
this event sent by god was the ultimate cause of the early separation of mankind, their dispersal throughout the earth, and their division into races and nations .
one of the primary areas of the near east where civilization began is the tigris - euphrates river valley, comprising portions of modern syria and iraq. this region, the fertile valley between the two rivers, has been known since the times of the ancient greeks as mesopotamia, literally “the land between the rivers. ” this area of course was the home of many peoples familiar to us from general ancient history and the old testament, such as the assyrians and babylonians. before these peoples a group known as the sumerians, the creators of classic mesopotamian culture, inhabited the southern part of the valley. how and when did civilization start in this region? in order to at least partially answer this question, we will need to examine both written and archaeological source material. the earliest of that archaeological material comes from cultures in the valley that did not as yet know the art of writing .
metaethicists have long been interested in the meaning of the words' good',' ought', and' reasons'. many are persuaded that, although we might analyze one or another of these words in terms of the others, there' s no breaking out of the circle of normative concepts when explaining the meaning of such words. this has led to the prominence of three main kinds of metaethical view. nonnaturalists explain the irreducibility of the meaning of normative words by claiming that normative words denote sui generis normative properties, supervenient on but not identical to natural properties. a posteriori reductive naturalists explain this irreducibility by claiming that normative words express different concepts from words characteristic of description of the natural facts, but they propose (or at least hold out hope for) a substantive empirical reduction of the properties denoted by these words to natural properties. expressivists explain the irreducibility by claiming that normative words play a fundamentally different role in expressing our mental states to that played by words expressing representations of pieces of the natural world .
stephen finlay is associate professor of philosophy at the university of southern california. he is the author of a number of articles on metaethics and moral psychology. originally from new zealand, he lives in pomona, california with his wife and three daughters .
a polyphonic story following a day in the life of a group of birmingham residents before they compete for the prize money at their local pub quiz .
next, he argues that other (more robustly) normative uses of' ought' also evaluate the probability of their prejacent proposition given contextually fixed background conditions plus the assumption that some end will be achieved, but the determination of the relevant end is much more complicated. i won' t go into many of the nuances about how finlay thinks this works at the interface of semantics and pragmatics of normative discourse, except to note two things .
mesopotamia, literally “the land between the rivers
was the home of many peoples familiar to us from general ancient history and the old testament, such as the assyrians and babylonians. before these peoples a group known as the sumerians, the creators of classic mesopotamian culture, inhabited the southern part of the valley. how and when did civilization start in this region ?
a christian apologetics ministry dedicated to demonstrating the historical reliability of the bible through archaeological and biblical research .
there is, however, a rich tradition in moral philosophy of insisting that moral ends aren' t like this. aristotle argued that living morally isn' t a state of affairs plausibly conceived as an outcome of actions like telling the truth, paying one' s debts, helping the needy, etc. rather doing these sorts of things is, on the aristotelian view, the immediate actualization of the ongoing activity of living morally. can finlay' s view make sense of that idea ?
the other records, transmitted orally for countless generations, are inconsistent. some speak of “strange speech, ” others of new languages .
this summary fills in the blanks of the historical record that have, up until now, been neglected .
and the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech... . go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech... . therefore is the name of it called babel; because the lord did there confound the language of all the earth. *
the second group of scholars is the professional philologists, the students of the sumerian language. many of these linguistic experts have never excavated, just as the archaeologists are not necessarily readers of sumerian. it must be remembered that these fields are highly specialized. e. a. speiser and b. landsberger, who insisted that many of the words in sumerian documents are not sumerian words at all, led the linguists and philologists in the early days. landsberger pointed out that this is especially true of words pertaining to agriculture, showing that the basic farming vocabulary and common farming techniques used in southern mesopotamia were the invention of non - sumerian people .
' end this madness': by taking one third out of the crowd funding total - you' d be welcome to your pick of all the perks, plus invitations to represent the film at film festivals, and an option to have a front slide advert at the beginning of the film .
and the sons of cush; seba, and havilah, and sabtah, and raamah, and sabtechah: and the sons of raamah; sheba, and dedan .
so now we have that out the way, we can show you some of the images from yesterdays rehearsals, where there was a lot of development of characters (even a character name change). a good portion of the discussion was on the comedic elements of the film, where pace and timing of a performance can be the difference between a gag getting a laugh, or it falling like a lead balloon. in a 72, time is restricted so honing in on those comedic performances can be stressful. however, the 72 seems to be benefiting from an extremely talented group of actors and actresses, and everyone seemed happy with their performances and the development of the characters .
therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed and confounded: they were as the grass of the field, and as the green herb, as the grass on the housetops, and as corn blasted before it be grown up .
note: the following article is part of series of articles / excerpts from “man and his planet – an unauthorized history” by james e. strickling. more articles of this series will be posted soon .
i shall employ an analytic method, seeking a metaphysical analysis of normative facts, properties, and relations by means of a conceptual analysis of the meanings of the normative words by which we refer to them. the result will be a form of analytic reductionism (or
analytic naturalism
), an explanatory reduction of normative properties (etc .) into complexes of non - normative properties by reductively defining normative words and concepts in entirely non - normative terms. (p. 4 )
and the sons of javan; elishah, and tarshish, kittim, and dodanim .
but olympus and ossa and pelion are the names of mountains. (5) but instead of these mountains the lawgiver represents a tower as having been built by these men, who, out of ignorance and wicked ambition, were desirous to reach the heaven. every alienation of mind, then, is grievous; for even if every portion of the whole earth could be built over, a slight foundation is being first laid, and then if a superstructure could be raised in the fashion of a single pillar, it would still be an enormous distance removed from the heavenly sphere, and above all would it be so according to the tenets of those curious philosophers who have affirmed that the earth is the centre of the universe .
during the rehearsals james was scribbling notes and annotations on his a3 version of the script. this version of the script will then be photocopied and given to the editing crew to more efficiently translate james’ ideas into the edit. it also makes the editors job a little easier .
although the bible does not mention this issue, it is clear that, although ignored by the secular scholarly community, the bible does provide an answer to the sumerian problem. note some things told to us in the early chapters of genesis. genesis correctly places the seat of early near eastern civilization in southern mesopotamia. after the great flood, when all human life began to develop anew as descendants of shem, ham, and japheth spread from the mountains of ararat (urartu of assyrian records), we find a large number of semitic and hamitic names having connections with place names in mesopotamia. in fact, the tower of babel was obviously built in the babylon region, as is demonstrated by its name and the fact that the bible tells us it was constructed in the plains of shinar (sumer) .
with only a year of experience behind me, working with the 72 hour project is probably the biggest job i’ve ever done. i know with most film positions you expect stress, a mountain of problems and lack of coffee; but the excitement is overwhelming !
mesopotamian cylinder seal, upper left, on display in the british museum. of unknown provenance, it dates to ca. 2200–2100 bc. to the right of the seal is an impression of the scene carved on the seal; below is an enlargement of the scene. the seal depicts a banquet with a sacred tree in the center and a man and woman (?) reaching for fruit. on either side are serpents. bryant g. wood .
the second account conforms more closely to the genesis account (strickling 1974). dated only as “assyrian” (smith 1876: 160), the legend tells of the destruction of a building on a mound in babylon by a god. the god also confounded the speech of the builders (boscawen 1877: 303; smith 1880: 166). the badly damaged tablet has been translated as follows :
nissen, hans j. 1988 the earliest history of the ancient near east, 9000–2000 bc, trans. elizabeth lutzeier with kenneth northcott, chicago: university of chicago press .
the earliest major culture 2 in mesopotamia is called the hassuna culture, named after the place where it was first discovered, the village of hassuna in northern mesopotamia. the hassuna culture dates to the [ conventional ] period 5500–5000 bc, and has been found at a number of places in the northern part of the river valley. it seems to have been mostly confined to the north. the hassuna people were agricultural, and were makers of pottery, even though they did not know the potter’s wheel. their tools were bone and stone; there has not been any trace of metal work found at hassuna sites. reed and clay houses have been found, but only at the type - site of tell hassuna itself. the most common tools of the hassuna culture were wooden sickles with flint teeth for harvesting grain .
there are two key ideas at the heart of the project. first, alongside moral uses of' good',' ought', and' reason', there are familiar nonmoral (though perhaps weakly
normative
) instrumental uses and also recognizably nonnormative uses; yet these words do not seem to be ambiguous between moral, instrumental, and nonnormative meanings. because of this, we should hold out hope for reductive analyses based on conservative extensions of the correct analysis of instrumental and nonnormative uses of these words. second, instrumental uses of these words are reductively analyzable in terms of how they are explicitly or implicitly related to ends via probabilities. so - - finlay hypothesizes - - we might unify the reductive analysis of these words by also viewing moral uses of these words as probabilistically related to ends, where because of the pragmatics of normative discourse it is often advantageous to leave the relevant end implicit .
and the sons of ham; cush, and mizraim, and phut, and canaan .
and the children of aram; uz, and hul, and gether, and mash .
and ophir, and havilah, and jobab: all these were the sons of joktan .
]). this is exactly what happened when the tower of babel was being built .
mellaart, james 1965 earliest civilizations of the near east, london: thames & hudson .
the light of day – 11pm, 10th july, town hall theatre. tickets: urltoken
drawing from elisabeth young - bruehl' s psychological and psychodynamic study of prejudice as a starting point, this paper explores the phenomenon of childism—namely, the prejudice again children—from a rankian psychodynamic perspective. young - bruehl argues that childism is comparable to prejudices such as anti - semitism, sexism, and racism, and serves such purposes as the elimination of an individual' s personhood, sexual exploitation, and the erasure of identity. adding to young - bruehl' s analysis of the social and psychological causes and effects of prejudice against children, this paper will examine the nature and dangers of childism explicit and implicit in the writings of otto rank. we will examine the development of creative will in child maturation—a development that childist forms of prejudice may obstruct, inhibit, and compromise. we will see that young - bruehl' s foundational writing on childism echoes many of the observations and writings of otto rank in regard to the prejudice against children, and how such prejudice deeply diminishes, undermines, and fractures our unfolding lives and creative will in a shared world .
walton, john 1995 the mesopotamian background of the tower of babel. bulletin for biblical research 5: 155–75. reprinted in bible and spade 9 (1996): 77 - 96 .
xxi. (98) but he says that the world perceptible to the outward senses is, as it were, the footstool of god on this account: first of all, that he may show that there is no efficient cause in the creatures; secondly, for the purpose of displaying that even the whole world has not a free and unrestrained spontaneous motion of its own, but god, the ruler of the universe, takes his stand upon it, regulating it and directing everything in a saving manner by the helm of his wisdom, using, in truth, neither hands nor feet, nor any other part whatever such as belongs to created objects; for god is not as man, but the reason why we at times represent him as such, for the sake of instruction, is because we are unable to advance out of ourselves, but derive our apprehension of the uncreate god from the circumstances with which we ourselves are surrounded. (99) and it is very beautifully said by moses, in the form of a parable, when he speaks of the world as if it resembled a brick; for the world appears to stand and to be firmly fixed like a brick in a house, as far as the vision of the sight of the outward senses can inform us, but it has a very swift motion, and one which is able to outstrip all particular motions. (100) for the eyes of our body look upon the appearance of the sun by day and of the moon by night as standing still, and yet who is there who does not know that the rapidity of movements of these two bodies is incomparable, since they go round the whole heaven in one day? thus, indeed, the universal heaven itself also, while appearing to stand still, revolves in a circle; its movements being detected and comprehended by the invisible and more divine eye which is placed in our mind.
the confusion of tongues is a 2014 multi-narrative comedy film written and directed by james fair . the film stars an ensemble cast , which includes sadie frost , gemma atkinson , ewen macintosh , kate o'toole , paul henshall and katie sheridan . the story follows a group of birmingham residents who descend upon a local pub in order to win a lucrative pub quiz . 
the confusion of tongues is a 2014 multi-narrative comedy film written and directed by james fair. the film stars an ensemble cast, which includes sadie frost, gemma atkinson, ewen macintosh, kate o'toole, paul henshall and katie sheridan. the story follows a group of birmingham residents who descend upon a local pub in order to win a lucrative pub quiz.
the confusion of tongues is a 2014 multi-narrative comedy film written and directed by james fair. the film stars an ensemble cast, which includes sadie frost, gemma atkinson, ewen macintosh, kate o'toole, paul henshall and katie sheridan. the story follows a group of birmingham residents who descend upon a local pub in order to win a lucrative pub quiz.