pendulum drift ( film )
where l p is the length of the pendulum and β is the deviation angle of the pendulum. we may calculate f d as
part of newt' s justification when he says he wants to drift with a kaiju .
out of focus: hound, crosshairs, and drift don' t get quite as much focus in this film, though they' re far from demoted to extra .
: in order to drift, pilots usually have to know one another quite well. being related helps :
bash brothers: hot rod and bumblebee are frequent combat partners. bee also teams up with cade several times in the film, and drift and crosshairs are usually fighting alongside each other .
figure 6: soap - film experiments of an elastic filament behind a cylinder .
: mako, raileigh, and gipsy danger are held back because mako was not entirely prepared for the drift .
figure 1: soap - film experiments of a rigid plate attached to a cylinder .
pacific rim is a 2013 kaiju / humongous mecha film directed by guillermo del toro .
this movie shows soap - film experiments of a disc and splitter plate suspended to a pendulum as the film velocity is gradually increased. initially, for low velocities, the body is in a symmetric state, but as the velocity is increased, the system becomes unstable. this results in a turn of the body as well as - because the disk splitter hang freely - a drift to the right (in the same direction as the tilt of the splitter) .
: there seems to be multiple antagonists, all with separate agendas, within the film .
next, we show how the turn and drift angles depend on the splitter - plate length for a steady wake (re = 45). in fig. 3b, a distinct bifurcation from a straight position of the plate (θ = 0) to a skewed position (θ ≠0) is observed. figure 3c shows that plates with a non - zero turn angle have an oblique path (α ≠0). the drift angle in fig. 3c displays the same features as the drift angle from our soap - film experiments in fig. 2d, namely, that as l →0 the drift angle tends to zero and that there exists an optimal length for maximum drift. despite that the reynolds number of the computations is several orders of magnitude smaller than the experiments (re = 12, 000), we have a good qualitative agreement between the two for both turn and drift angles .
this was the last alien film produced leaving the once acclaimed series in the gutter of creature features filled with and made by talentless nobodies. the lack of gore in the paul ws anderson original caused the pendulum to swing back violently, the result being that this film is only about the blood and guts. its dingy, nasty, grotty, witless, artless garbage, unfit for the term
film
and the seven assembled reviewers get their critical teeth in with savage acuity .
pastiche: the whole film is one giant love letter to classic kaiju and mecha films and shows .
to show the existence of a drift force f d on the body as a result of the symmetry breaking, we fixed the same object on a ‘loose’ pendulum made of a thin nylon wire (fig. 2a). this wire crosses the film perpendicularly through a small hole drilled in the centre of the cylinder. if the object—which is free to rotate under the imposed conditions—turns, we expect a non - zero drift force on the object that will induce a displacement of the equilibrium position of the pendulum. figure 2b, c shows snapshots of the cylinder with a splitter plate of length l = 2. 1 d for low and high film velocities, respectively. we observe that when the flow velocity is high, the average turn angle θ is non - zero (asymmetric state) and the whole object has drifted sideways, resulting in a new equilibrium position of the pendulum (supplementary movies 1 and 2). moreover, we observe from fig. 2c that the disk drifts in the same direction as the splitter plate is tilted .
the experiment is performed with a gravity - driven soap film in bordeaux. the setup in terms of the typical size of the test section, the fluid velocity and film are the same as in the soap - film experiments of the fixed body, except that for the visualization of the flow a white lamp is used. we use cylinder with diameter d = 7 mm, to which splitter length with length l = 2. 1 d is attached. we fixed it on a ‘loose’ pendulum (see fig. 2a) made of a thin nylon wire. this wire crosses the film perpendicularly through a small hole drilled in the centre of the disk. the system, consisting of a disk and splitter plate, is free to rotate under such conditions. we estimate the drift force f d from a force - balance equation. when the pendulum has reached equilibrium, the following forces act on the cylinder and splitter - plate system (see supplementary fig. 4b): the drift force f d, the drag on the system f drag (we approximate it with the drag of cylinder alone, see supplementary fig. 1), the weight of the disk p and the tension of the wire t. at equilibrium, the torque around the fixation point of the pendulum is zero. neglecting the wire weight (which means underestimating the drift force), this condition leads to ,
jaeger is the german word for hunter (which is pointed out at the start of the film) .
sir vincent, whose pendulum swings at half - speed, will make his debut leader’s speech to the conference in bournemouth this afternoon. will he excite the activists as much as mr farron did yesterday ?
instead they are led by doomful donkey sir vince cable, aged 105. sir vincent, whose pendulum swings at half - speed, will make his debut leader’s speech to the conference in bournemouth this afternoon
from this expression one finds the drift angle is in the same direction as the splitter plate is tilted (supplementary note 2). the direction of drift force can be explained by the fact that the pressure force outside the back - flow region has a larger lever arm than the force inside the region, and thus generates a larger torque t out. to balance t out with the torque on the plate inside the back - flow region, a larger force inside the back - flow region is required to compensate for the smaller lever arm. as such, the force inside the back - flow region is larger than outside and thus determines the drift direction. this is in agreement with our numerical findings; in fig. 3c we compare the drift angle α obtained from (10) with the drift angle from numerical simulations of a freely falling body, where we again observe a good agreement. the drift observed in the soap - film experiments of the hanging body is compared to (10) in fig. 2d .
, and a few other notable anime creators, thought del toro did a damn good job on the film .
: newt and hermann are very antagonistic against each other for most of the film. it isn' t until
. this is the only thing he really does in the film, and it doesn' t even work .
synchronization: part this, part mental fusion is required on the behalf of the pilots to move the jaegars. it' s called
the drift
.
we estimated f drag by fixing the cylinder to the end of a calibrated cantilever perpendicular to the soap - film plane and measuring its deflection (the procedure is depicted in supplementary fig. 1). we estimated the drift force f d from a force - balance equation (see methods: soap film experiments of hanging body). the average drift angle as a function of the splitter - plate length is shown in fig. 2d. we observe that short plates that have a non - zero turn - angle (θ) also have a non - zero drift angle α, confirming the instability - induced forcing. moreover, as we approach short and long appendage limits (l →0 and l → ∞, respectively), the drift angle tends to zero. it is also observed that there exists an optimal value of splitter - plate length for maximum drift force. the existence of an optimal configuration may be an important factor in evolution of tails and appendages of motile animals, because it is often desirable to move in a specific direction as fast as possible .
transformers: the last knight is the fifth entry into the transformers film series and the 2017 sequel to transformers age of extinction. michael bay serves as director once again, and the film was released on june 21, 2017. due to the reveal of plans to reboot the franchise after bumblebee, the last knight is now the final main film of the series .
art evolution: bumblebee, hound, drift, and barricade all take on new alternate modes, while crosshairs has a tweaked alt mode. hound and drift have a few cosmetic differences in their robot modes, with hound having taken on a more olive color scheme and drift becoming predominantly red and black. crosshairs has no discernible differences in his robot mode, while barricade has a completely new robot mode. megatron' s new body has an evolution of his ram horns he had on his head as galvatron .
typeset in the future: the film uses eurostile extended and bold extended for its feature end credit sequence, and bank gothic for its main end credits crawl. it also features a eurostile extended - like font throughout the film' s computer displays .
marketing heavily implies that optimus will be one of the main antagonistic forces of the film, however that comes about. however ,
activation sequence: the first time we see a jaeger in action, it' s shown activating the control area in the head, which is then attached to the main body, culminating in the neural drift that connects the two pilots and allows them to control the enormous robot. a variant is seen later as raleigh and mako are attempting to establish a drift .
the pedestals are rebuilt when they drift with each other to learn of the kaiju' s plans and when both of their theories are proven correct earning them mutual respect for each other .
drift is the first time the two aren' t acting like young brothers or an old married couple. at the end geiszler puts his arm around gottlieb' s shoulders and both smile .
gracefully declining to choose a favourite out of his poe films, corman’s strategy involved touring regionally over a number of months with only three hundred prints, buying television and radio spots from local stations more economically than a national campaign would allow, and the success of film, beyond even house of usher, is testimony to both his foresight and the connection of the film to the audience. “ the pit and the pendulum might lead you to believe beautiful women can drive you to madness, and i think that’s a reasonable assumption. ”
scorn and strafe are absent from the film despite grimlock, slug, and the baby dinobots living at the junkyard with the main autobot unit .
leatherback (and the kaiju designs in general) looks a lot like sammael the hellhound. not surprising since hellboy was also a del toro film .
how to cite this article: lācis, u. et al. passive appendages generate drift through symmetry breaking. nat. commun. 5: 5310 doi: 10. 1038 / ncomms6310 (2014) .
“each of the poe pictures got a little bit bigger than the one before, ” corman explains, recounting how haller retained the flats from the sets of house of usher and redressed them for pit and the pendulum along with new pieces built for that film, effectively doubling the size of the set for the same budget, his sentiment echoed by barbara steele when she says “the costumes were just divine, so was the set. ”
due to his vast knowledge of the transformers' history, sir edmund' s main contribution to the film is explaining the plot to cade and viviane .
we show soap - film experiments (film velocity v = 2 m / s) of a silk thread of length l = 6. 6d attached to the rear of a cylinder of diameter d = 6. 88 mm. the time average position of the flapping filament is a straight vertical line, rendering its motion symmetric .
comicbook adaptation: pacific rim: tales from year zero which was written by the film' s screenwriter travis beacham. the comic acts as a prequel to the film covering the events of the first kaiju attack, how the jaegers were created and goes into details about the backstories of characters such as stacker pentecost and mako mori .
dictionary opening: the film showed translations for the japanese word
kaiju
and the german word
jaeger
, the names for the monsters and mechas respectively .
cherno alpha can also vent fuel from its reactor via the ports on its shoulders for a flame attack, though it never gets to use it in the film .
that a cinematic universe was in development and the
final chapter
was actually referring to the film being michael bay' s last directorial work in the franchise .
when leatherback disables striker eureka with its emp, mako has to go into battle, despite having completely failed to drift properly on her first attempt and nearly shooting up the base by subconsciously activating gypsy danger' s plasma cannon .
similar to the film' s premise, the three - part g1 cartoon episode titled
the ultimate doom
involves optimus being pressured to save a ravaged cybertron at earth' s expense by activating a mechanism that will bring it into earth' s orbit. unlike the film, however, he wasn' t brainwashed into it .
finally, to determine the coefficient ã, we calibrate our model with the drift force f d extracted from numerical simulations at re = 45 of the whole body (cylinder and splitter plate) fixed at various turn angles. the numerical force is compared with the drift force (equation (8) ) predicted from our model in supplementary fig. 2b for ã = c d / 4, where c d = 1. 5 is the drag coefficient of the whole body .
opening monologue: the prologue is narrated by the protagonist raleigh beckett, who explains about the war of kaiju and jaegers. he also briefly continues into the first action scene, to explain some key concepts like dual pilots and the drift .
despite the dinobots being allowed to run free on earth at the end of the previous film, they' ve rejoined the main autobot unit at cade' s new junkyard .
darker and edgier: the trailers seem to imply this to be the darkest entry in the film series to date. the finished product isn' t all that dark, though .
stage actor john kerr was corman’s first choice for francis, though he wasn’t expected to accept the role so there were already two other actors in mind for the part; regrettably kerr’s is the weakest performance in the film, and though he does improve as it progresses, there is a stilted feel to him, and it was his last major film role .
released in june 1960, house of usher was aip’s biggest grossing film to that time and a followup was immediately commissioned, corman wishing to develop poe’s masque of the red death next, but with ingmar bergman’s the seventh seal still fresh in the memory it was felt there were too many similarities. instead they moved onto the pit and the pendulum, reassembling many of the creatives who had so successfully collaborated on house of usher including writer richard matheson, actor vincent price, production designer daniel haller and composer les baxter .
enhanced by another beautiful matte shot courtesy of albert whitlock, working anonymously as he was under studio contract, like the castle above the turbulent waves the expansion of the pit may be static but it frames the live action of the swinging blade of the pendulum, the achievement of whitlock and production designer daniel haller showcased in the beautiful print .
chris hemsworth kicks off filming for the star - studded men in black spin - off as he cuts a sharp figure in london... 21 years after the first film hit screens
alien blood: the kaiju have toxic blue acidic blood. the art book man, machines and monsters implies that the color was a deliberate choice to make the film more kid - friendly .
guillermo del toro: it is my duty to commit to film the finest fucking monsters ever committed to screen and it is my duty to create the greatest fucking robots ever committed to screen .
we will use manual labor in the future: granted the film is set twenty minutes into the future but still there is no sign of robots helping the humans to build the coastal wall .
grimlock is more of a jovial naughty dog in this film, bringing to mind his more goofy counterparts in the 2015 robots in disguise cartoon and the third season of the original g1 series .
vocal evolution: barricade is still voiced by jess harnell, though he has a more dignified, quiet voice as opposed to the deeper, more growling voice he used during the original film .
cast by corman without even meeting her on the strength of her performance in mario bava’s black sunday, he says of steele that “she was lovely to work with, ” and having worked in the italian film industry, steele was similarly charmed by her american director. “he was very composed at all times, which was completely unlike everybody else i had met in the film industry. ”
speaking enthusiastically about his appreciation for the work of roger corman and pit and the pendulum in particular which he describes as “an incredibly satisfying horror experience, ” writer / director brian yuzna confirms that the bright colours of the pre - psychedelic titles were an influence upon his own first production re - animator, remembered in the anatomical line drawings of that opening sequence .
shout out: this film has enough to warrant their own separate page. del toro says that he wanted to keep these subtle — more a sense of familiarity than a flat - out reference .
canon foreigner: along with the human cast, sqweeks, dragonstorm, steelbane, cogman, the infernocons (and by extension infernocus), and quintessa are all original characters created for the film .
thereafter the future director of the fabulous film amelie, jean - pierre jeunet, along with scripting duties from the man behind firefly brought us the disgusting fruits of the lowest points in their careers .
prolonged prologue: there are no opening credits, with the exception of the movie' s title, which doesn' t appear until seventeen minutes into the film, right after the first kaiju fight .
in a huge example of writers cannot do math, the beginning of the film establishes that the king arthur section was set in the year 484 a. d. then it also establishes that this happened 1600 years before the events of the film, making it set in the year 2084, indicating that the entire series has been set in the near future. this is despite the very fact that the first film was definitely set in 2007 and that there aren' t huge gaps in years between films, with the largest being the 5 year gap between dark of the moon and age of extinction .
the film stars charlie hunnam, rinko kikuchi, idris elba, charlie day, ron perlman, burn gorman, ellen mc lain (as the voice of the jaeger ai), and clifton collins jr .
raleigh does this after yancy' s death against knifehead five years prior to the film' s main storyline. however, based on film and supplemental data, it' s revealed that raleigh is the only pilot to flat - out quit the jaeger program. all other pilots have either been killed or reassigned (like pentecost). it' s the main reason why chuck is so disgusted and hostile towards him .
the creators were an entire race of organic aliens, whereas in this film, only quintessa, who is very obviously a mechanoid, appears. further complicating the issue is quintessa calling herself the prime of life, implying she' s a cybertronian, and the fact that the previous film impied that the crators wanted to wipe out and rebuild transformers, yet quintessa is actively trying to get rid of the obvious solution .
informed flaw: according to the ppdc analysis, aleksis is supposed to have issues with aggression, making him unpredictable and a concern in battle, yet we don' t see anything of that in the film .
: by the time the film starts, the jaeger pilots have grown complacent with how decisively they win battles. then, the kaiju start adapting and manage to destroy or heavily damage them in return, starting with
otachi junior gave newt and hermann a chance to drift and learn how to pass the breach. in the novel, the precursors knew they were being spied on again, but didn' t care due to thinking the
insects
would soon be extinct, new piece of intel or not .
33 years after the original film, the director that started off the series returns to the same universe to start a new one. ridley scott' s prometheus is arguably the most anticipated prequel to be released since the phantom menace, but is that word even an apt description of this film, considering what happens and what doesn' t? you could make a case that it serves as a remake as well. what' s certain is that after only a few days of release and before it' s even out in the usa, this film has caused a storm of negative and lukewarm responses, and a backlash of equally vociferous defense .
this was the film that made british - born scott a key player in hollywood, introduced the world to sigourney weaver, created one of the most iconic females in cinema history and one of the most terrifying monsters .
our model also predicts the drift angle for a falling body. due to the asymmetric pressure field at skewed equilibrium turn angles, a non - zero net force, f d, in the transverse direction to the free stream acts on the object. we may decompose this drift force into a part acting on the cylinder body f cylinder, d and a part acting on the splitter plate f plate, d. the latter contribution can be obtained by projecting forces (equations 2 and 3) on the direction orthogonal to the free stream. the former contribution can be taken into account by assuming f cylinder, d = a c f plate, d, because for any angle θ, the cylinder and the plate experience the same pressure field (validation of this assumption based on numerical computations is reported in supplementary fig. 2a). thus, the total drift force on the object can be written as
praising the screenplay that grew out of the meagre acorn of poe‘s short story, yuzna says “the adaptation that matheson did was brilliant, ” and certainly the tapestry of the film is woven from material exhumed from poe’s body of work, the fear of hereditary illness, the gnawing descent into madness, the obsession with premature burial, the noises within the walls, the young bride who dies of unexplained causes, the vengeful bricking up of those who have wronged the protagonist, all leading to the astonishing dungeon set of the finale, the pendulum so terrifying that john kerr demanded corman lie underneath it himself to prove it was safe .
action girl: vivian isn' t one when we first meet her, but she certainly is by the end of the film. izabella counts too, taking care of herself and her robot buddies in a war zone .
next sunday a. d. : up to eleven: the film itself is set twenty minutes into the future, but the early timeline information indicates that the kaiju first attacked in 2013. the tales from year zero graphic novel specifically places this as august 11th, just over a month from the film' s premiere. likely a deliberately playful gesture, in the same spirit as destroy all monsters' depiction of the futuristic world that is 1999 .
same numerical experiment as in supplementary movie 6, but now with an elliptic - shaped sheet of length l = 0. 8d attached to the sphere. a clear drift to the left (order 1 degree) is observed. the appendage points to the left, as expected when bodies experience an ipl instability .
psychic glimpse of death: the film opens with raleigh piloting gypsy danger with yancy when yancy is torn out of the jaeger while they are still drifting, giving raleigh a brief flash of his brother' s moment of death .
at re = ud / ν = 200 a steady axisymmetric wake 23 forms behind the sphere alone (no sheet attached). due to symmetry, the sphere neither rotates nor drifts (fig. 7d, e). according to the ipl model and our two - dimensional investigations, we expect that by adding an appropriate protrusion to the sphere, the object will rotate and experience a non - zero transverse force. indeed, in the presence of the elliptic sheet, we observe that after a transient time, the sphere stabilizes at a turn angle of θ = −8. 5 degrees (fig. 7d) and drifts with a constant velocity in the zx - plane with an angle of α = 4. 5 degrees (fig. 7e). we observe a zero drift in the xy - plane, that is, γ = 0. 0 degrees (fig. 7e). the drift is a consequence of the ipl instability: any small perturbation causes the sheet to move away from the straight unstable position (θ = 0) and to settle on a skewed stable angle θ s. the new equilibrium breaks the symmetry of the wake (fig. 7b) in the zx - plane, which in turn induces a side force on the body in the z - direction, making it drift. note that the trait of the ipl - induced movement—the direction of drift and the direction that the appendage is titled in are the same—is present. although the chosen three - dimensional appendage triggers the ipl instability, its size and shape have not been optimized to yield maximum drift .
animesque: the film takes a great deal of cues from super robot genre anime, as well as toho kaiju films. this was probably the idea behind the over - the - top characterization, including a hot - blooded rival .
bumblebee speaking is what snaps optimus out of quintessa' s mind control. prime remarks he had not heard bumblebee' s voice since the fall of cybertron, despite the fact that bumblebee was speaking at the end of the first film
: the film has roughly nine major characters, only one of which — mako — is female. she' s more assertive and plot - relevant than most examples, has her own story arc, and isn' t presented as a
michael mirasol of roger ebert' s far flung correspondents characterizes the film as the antithesis of michael bay' s transformers, with the absence of vulgar humor and greater respect for the mechas, portraying them as elegant rather than merely awesome .
having established that symmetry breaking is prevalent in the presence of rigid plates for fixed / falling bluff bodies with steady / unsteady wakes (re = 45–12, 000), we now develop a model that uncovers the underlying instability mechanism. consider an inverted pendulum system as shown in fig. 4a that is confined between two walls and free to rotate. due to the offset between centre - of - mass and fixation point (centre of cylinder), the symmetric straight configuration is unstable and it relaxes to either side of the supporting walls in the presence of any small perturbation. we claim that the physical mechanism for the instability of the symmetric straight configuration of a bluff body with a compact appendage placed in a free stream is similar to the inverted pendulum. the pressure (instead of gravity) in the recirculation zone behind the bluff body acts as the destabilizing force (fig. 4b) .
tessa and shane do not appear in the film; tessa is away at college, but shane goes unmentioned and it' s implied they broke up, since cade tells izabella he' d tell her to stay away from any drummer boys .
: quintessa claims to have created the transformers, yet seems to be one herself, and the previous film showed something organic gathering the materials to build transformers. her design also doesn' t match the primes shown in rotf, and her plan
plants and animals use plumes, barbs, tails, feathers, hairs and fins to aid locomotion. many of these appendages are not actively controlled, instead they have to interact passively with the surrounding fluid to generate motion. here, we use theory, experiments and numerical simulations to show that an object with a protrusion in a separated flow drifts sideways by exploiting a symmetry - breaking instability similar to the instability of an inverted pendulum. our model explains why the straight position of an appendage in a fluid flow is unstable and how it stabilizes either to the left or right of the incoming flow direction. it is plausible that organisms with appendages in a separated flow use this newly discovered mechanism for locomotion; examples include the drift of plumed seeds without wind and the passive reorientation of motile animals .
failsafe failure: there are multiple occurrences, and the most prominent, mako' s first drift, where she gets lost in a memory and nearly blows a hole in the facility, is actually a subversion — a lot of failsafes fail, but tendo and herc do eventually manage to unplug the right socket and power the weapon down .
astronomic zoom: it looks like the start of one at the very beginning of the film... and then it' s subverted because the
stars
are actually underwater particules around the opening rift at the floor of the pacific ocean .
empathic environment: the weather is grey and nasty through the entire film and gets worse as things look worse for mankind, but once the good guys score a decisive victory, the next time we get a look up, the sky is blue .
handily provided by gipsy danger in the posters and the film itself, with the orange of her head and chest reactor (and occasionally sparks / fire or similar caused by combat) contrasting with the saturated blue of the environment, such as the ocean .
scrapbook story: the novelization combines prose with news articles, memos, blog posts, jaeger / ranger stat sheets, and other
non - fiction
snippets that add flavor to the story and expand a bit on the world outside the film proper .
the trailer has ron perlman delivering the exposition in voiceover. much of this same material is in the film, but it' s delivered by charlie hunnam. it' s just that ron perlman has a really good voice for monologues about war in trailers .
detachment combat: bumblebee now has the ability to separate his major components and control them remotely. he uses this to pull a playing possum gambit at the start of the film, and it lets him reattach his door wings when they' re ripped off .
pensieve flashback: during their first test drive together of gipsy danger, mako has a flashback and raleigh is present in it thanks to the drift allowing pilots to share memories. mako relives onibaba' s attack on tokyo that she experienced as a little girl and raleigh is standing next to her while witnessing everything, and trying to convince her to come back .
ragtag bunch of misfits: the main autobot unit is this even moreso than in the previous film. you' ve got cade as the de facto team leader and benefactor of the group. then there' s bumblebee who is trying and failing to be leader. you' ve got the quiet samurai and ex - decepticon drift still working on controlling his violent impulses, the sarcastic and confrontational sharpshooter crosshairs who wants to take over, and the fat, borderline psychotic vet hound who presumably serves as the new medic. then you' ve got a bunch of gigantic dinobots hanging around, including three baby dinobots. there' s also an autobot with an excavator vehicle mode living with them, and then there' s diminuitive former decepticon wheelie. they' re joined by izabella, sqweeks, viviane, hot rod, cogman, and the knights of iacon by the film' s end. weirdest group ever .
newton drifts with a partial kaiju brain, and learns that the kaiju operate on a hive mind and are being engineered. unfortunately, due to his rivalry with hermann and his dismay at his project being denied, he forgot that the drift works both ways, meaning the kaiju hive mind now know at least some of what he knows. such as exactly where he is .
he called this drift in lib dem thinking ‘nonsense... laughable... simplistic and utterly naive... a calumny on the staff at gchq’. when it came to a vote, he was roundly ignored. they paid more attention to their former leader mr farron. his pre - lunch speech was the best of a (so far) lacklustre gathering .
we complement our experiments with two - dimensional numerical simulations of a free - falling cylinder with a splitter plate clamped to its rear end. this allows us to investigate two orders of magnitude lower reynolds numbers re = ud / ν (u being the descent speed of the body, and ν the kinematic viscosity of the fluid) as well as to demonstrate how the instability generates a lateral motion. we found that when the body with a splitter plate shorter than a critical length is released, the body rotates an angle θ towards a new equilibrium, and drifts at a constant angle α with respect to the straight vertical path. whereas θ is due to the symmetry - breaking - induced torque, the drift angle α is a manifestation of the induced transverse force. figure 3a shows an instantaneous snapshot of the unsteady vorticity field forming behind a falling body (re = 156) during steady drift. a constant drift angle in an unsteady wake could not have been anticipated from fixed - body experiments, as it is well - known that freely falling bodies may have highly non - trivial descent paths due to wake - induced oscillations 17 .
it' s very likely that several other jaeger pilots were reared from adolescence to fight the kaiju as well. sadly, if there were any other teenage or young pilots during the golden age of the jaegers, they were almost certainly killed prior to the film in kaiju battles .
( a) schematic of an inverted pendulum consisting of a plate on top of a cylinder, which is free to rotate. due to gravity, the symmetric configuration is unstable and the plate will settle on one of the walls. (b) schematic of a free - to - rotate cylinder with a splitter plate placed in a free stream. the grey region marks the back - flow region. inside this region the flow (u r = | u r |) is constant and in reverse direction to the free stream (u = | u |). it is postulated that the back flow exerts a similar destabilizing force as the gravity does for the inverted pendulum in a. (c) the proposed model requires a region of back flow. for a cylinder, we define this region as a half ellipse (see methods: back - flow region) with parameters θ 0, and b max = b (0). also shown is the normal force on the plate inside and outside the back - flow region .
“when we were making the first edgar allan poe film, house of usher … i had no idea that i would be making a series of them, ” recalls roger corman, the legendary producer (385 titles directly credited) and director (55 titles), when discussing the sequence of films which established him as more than a b - movie producer. having grown tired of black and white double features for the drive - in market, corman had petitioned american international pictures to fund him to produce a single colour film; they agreed, and cinematic history was made .
though justifiably regarded as a classic, with yuzna stating of the premature burial scene that “in that era it was shocking, ” other aspects of the film have not dated so well. the portrait of elizabeth, like those of father sebastian and uncle bartolome, are not so much in keeping with the 1500s as the period the film was made, and the plot is stretched and underdeveloped, in particular the scene where nicholas is lured through the catacombs is overlong and tedious. fundamentally there is one mystery to be solved and to hold the attention of a modern audience requires more .
( a) schematic of the soap - film apparatus and the hanging mechanism for the cylinder with a splitter plate. the object is attached to a nylon wire at the cylinder centre. the nylon wire is then connected on both sides to a fixed rod. if the cylinder with a splitter plate experiences a drift force f d, the object drifts away from the centre position until it reaches equilibrium with gravitational force (see methods: soap - film experiments of a hanging body). (b) for a low flow velocity we observe a straight, symmetric position of the plate (depicted with red line). (c) for a high flow velocity, the object turns and drifts to the right. (d) experimental observation of the force angle versus the length of the splitter for a velocity υ = 2. 0 m s −1 (red dots). model predictions in blue with parameters b max = 2. 6 d and k = 1. 0 .
( a) schematic of the soap - film apparatus. wires wl and wr are thin nylon wires (diameter = 1 mm). the film hangs from the wires. the bottom reservoir contains a soapy solution made with water and 2% of dishwashing detergent. a gear pump pumps the solution to the injection nozzle; after which it forms a flowing thin film between the wires before it returns to the reservoir (for details see methods: soap - film experiments of a fixed body). in b and c red colour depicts the body, which is free to rotate around the centre of cylinder. grey contours are visualizations of the vortical structures in the flow provided by interference fringes in yellow light (wavelength≈589 nm). whereas the vertical position is stable for the long plate (c), it is unstable for the short plate (b), which stabilizes at an skewed angle of 16 degrees. (d) keeping the film velocity fixed at υ = 1. 87±0. 05 m s −1, the average turn angle (in degrees) of a cylinder with a splitter plate of different lengths indicates a bifurcation at l c = (4. 0±0. 2) d. the s. d. of the splitter - plate position is close to one degree for all lengths. the prediction of the analytical model (b max = 2. 6 d, k = 1. 0) is shown with a blue solid line .
there exist many motile animals with splitter - plate - shaped appendages 2, 10, 11, 12, 13. while the presence of a splitter plate has for a long time been associated to a ‘trick’ to reduce drag on bodies 2, it has not until the present work been associated to the generation of rotation and drift. we can postulate two requirements that need to be fulfilled for an organism to make use of the ipl instability for locomotion. first, when the organism moves in the fluid, a separated region has to be formed around its body. this requirement excludes very small organisms, where fluid inertia is negligible, that is, the stokes flow regime. second, the passive appendage needs to be sufficiently short, such that a significant portion of its area is exposed to a reversed flow. we have shown that the instability is a two - dimensional mechanism, but that the induced drift is equally significant in three dimensions as in two. we expect that the consequences for locomotion can be even more significant if the three - dimensional shape of an appendage is optimized to yield maximum drift. in particular, it would be interesting to investigate whether these optimized shapes resemble appendages that have evolved naturally .
in the previous film, lockdown states that their creators (plural) want optimus brought to them so they could
wipe the chessboard clean
after their creations started meddling with other races, implying their plan was some sort of genocide and starting from stratch. here, the one creator we see
when sold to television, the film was too short even with commercial interruptions to fill a two hour slot so an additional scene of an introductory framing story of catherine in an insane asylum was shot in the same style and tone, matching the body of the film. included as a special feature, it offers little more than another stroll through corridors echoing with screams, but of more interest is a 1970 television special of a solo performance by vincent price of four of poe’s tales of mystery and imagination, though unfortunately due to the video source it cannot be upgraded to match the main feature .
gipsy' s elbow rocket and the typhoon' s thundercloud formation. the former is justified as raleigh telling mako to activate it; the latter is more of an example of the triplets' coordination. mostly it' s just rule of cool and a shout out to the film' s inspirations .
ironically, by the end of the film, the released decepticons and quintessa' s cybertron based forces have all been wiped out, leaving megatron and barricade right back where they started. even more ironically, the decepticons that megatron had released are all easily dispatched in the first skirmish with the autobots .
( a) schematics of a freely falling cylinder with a splitter plate. there is a balance between the force from fluid f and the gravitational force m g. the drift and turn angles are denoted by α and θ s, respectively. (b) schematics of a fixed cylinder with a splitter plate subject to a free stream; the force and turn angles are denoted by α and θ s, respectively .
in this movie we show a contour plot of the vorticity field (levels from - 3. 0 to 3. 0) obtained from numerical simulations of a freely falling body (main paper fig. 3a) at re = 156, l = 1. 0 and ρ = 1. 01. to demonstrate the drift of the body, the initial position is marked with red dot and the trajectory with a red line .
it is not only price who receives praise; yuzna states “barbara steele was great in anything, ” while film historian david del valle feels that she was the only woman included the pantheon of horror stars at that time. luana anders’ involvement with the project came about from her long friendship with corman which sprang from his roundabout progression into the film industry. a trained engineer who became a writer then a producer, and as he moved into directing corman felt he should know more about the acting process, so he attended jeff corey’s acting class where he met anders and jack nicholson among others, casting them in his early films .
here, we propose to determine parameters b max, k and θ 0 from measurements of the wake behind the body without an appendage and to calibrate the coefficient ã with measurement of the drift force on the body. let us start with b max by considering the azimuthal velocity of the unperturbed wake, which is zero along the centre line. for a two - dimensional flow the derivative of the azimuthal velocity on centre line is given by
wants optimus to help her to destroy unicron, even though logically unicron would be the best way to wipe everything out. she also identifies as a prime, and is cybertronian, yet the previous film shows a brief glimpse of an organic hand collecting materials to build transformers. her existence also contradicts the lore introduced in revenge of the fallen .
for a freely falling object, the force acting on the body from the fluid must be balanced by the gravitational force (fig. 5a). the turn angle θ s with respect to the direction of movement in the freely falling case is the same as the turn angle θ s with respect to the direction of the free stream in the static case (fig. 5b). the drift angle α in the former case thus corresponds to the force angle in the latter case, given by
s. b. and a. m. conceived the original idea. s. b. initiated and supervised the research. n. b. performed the soap - film experiments of the fixed cylinder with feedback from f. l. f. i. and h. k. performed the soap - film experiments of the free - hanging cylinder. u. l. performed the numerical simulations of the two - dimensional free - falling cylinder. a. m. supervised the numerical simulations of the three - dimensional sphere. u. l. created the theoretical model, which he further developed with feedback from all authors. all authors analysed data. s. b. and u. l. wrote the paper.
pendulum drift is the debut art house drama feature film directed by edinburgh international film festival & skillset 2009 trailblazer award winner , shehzad afzal . shehzad afzal applied and experimented with a multitude of methods and techniques , developed over the course of his ma dissertation research at screen academy scotland during 2009 , to the candidate and host feature film project , pendulum drift . the pendulum drift film soundtrack theme is composed by musician shaahan afzal . envisaged to include both established and up-and-coming scottish bands and artists . the film , pendulum drift , is currently in post-production and expected for film festival release in 2016/17 . 
pendulum drift is the debut art house drama feature film directed by edinburgh international film festival & skillset 2009 trailblazer award winner, shehzad afzal. shehzad afzal applied and experimented with a multitude of methods and techniques, developed over the course of his ma dissertation research at screen academy scotland during 2009, to the candidate and host feature film project, pendulum drift. the pendulum drift film soundtrack theme is composed by musician shaahan afzal. envisaged to include both established and up-and-coming scottish bands and artists. the film, pendulum drift, is currently in post-production and expected for film festival release in 2016/17.
pendulum drift is the debut art house drama feature film directed by edinburgh international film festival & skillset 2009 trailblazer award winner, shehzad afzal. shehzad afzal applied and experimented with a multitude of methods and techniques, developed over the course of his ma dissertation research at screen academy scotland during 2009, to the candidate and host feature film project, pendulum drift. the pendulum drift film soundtrack theme is composed by musician shaahan afzal. envisaged to include both established and up-and-coming scottish bands and artists. the film, pendulum drift, is currently in post-production and expected for film festival release in 2016/17.