mannava ( film )
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gautham mannava on twitter :
akshara a bodapati durga sunil kumar film written by ravi varma pictures ft. pramodh choudary chandni pournami... urltoken
en mannava song from tamil film lingaa. song is sung by srinivas & aditi paul and composed by a r rahman while lyrics are written by vairamuthu .
thaalam is a 1999 tamil musical romantic film directed by subhash ghai. the film features film score and soundtrack album composed by a. r. rahman. - arrahmanian
mannava is surname for some families in andhra pradesh, southern india. it is indian family name and also a small place name near guntur
balasubramanian of the production house avm, and b n reddy award to film personality b narsing rao who had produced by film 'maa bhoomi' .
music for the film has been scored by ar rahman. it is already making waves for the academy - award winning composer’s refreshing, new approach and style. songs like mona gasolina, en mannava and indiane vaa are already becoming anthems across radio and television shows .
sonakshi sinha plays a village girl who helps rajinikanth' s character in the film .
film producer edidha nageshwara rao' s name was announced for the special jury award .
summarizes the effect of unsm on the resistance of the passive film. the unsm - treatment increased the resistances of the passive film of non - or slightly - aged specimens, but the treatment lowered the resistance of the passive film of the heavily sensitized specimen .
hacks like ksr make me appreciate directors like shankar all the more, especially when the picturisation of the “mona gasolina” and “en mannava” songs look like reheated leftovers of: athiradi” and “vaji vaji shivaji” respectively .
just like most of rajinikanth' s film' lingaa' also has a elaborate set and visual effects .
and yeah, i agree with you on “enthiran”… the evil chitti scenes apart, the film was meh .
akshara a bodapati durga sunil kumar film written by ravi varma pictures ft. pramodh choudary chandni pournami ...
it will be the first - ever film in rajinikanth’s career to be releasing on his birthday, december 12 .
for the year 2010. the government on monday also announced the recipients of some other important awards for film personalities .
telugu actor jagapati babu, santhanam, radha ravi, vijayakumar and r sundarrajan were called up to play important roles in the film .
telang a. , gill a. s. , tammana d. , wen x. , kumar m. , teysseyre s. , mannava s. r. , qian d. , vasudevan v. k. surface grain boundary engineering of alloy 600 for improved resistance to stress corrosion cracking .
directed by ks ravi kumar,' lingaa' marks rajinikanth' s third film with the filmmaker after' muthu' and' padayappa' .
i agree the film as a whole is dated, but some parts are still legendary, especially ramya krishnan’s lines. one of my favourites :
en mannava yen mannava ennai vida azhagi undu anaal unnaivida unnaivida thalaivan illai amam unnaivida unnaivida thalaivan illai chinna chinna natchathiram parikka vanthai intha vennilavai vennai pussi vizhungivittai athivira. . uyirai uyiral thoduveera? un kangalo un kangalo poo theduthae un kaigalo un kaigalo ver theduthae nooru aanaigalin thantham kondu oru kavasam marbil aninthai kalasam kondu antha kavasam udaithu un maarbil maiyamittenae thennaattu poove, thenaazhi theevey palannam neenaan pasikaran vaa vaa moga kudame, muthu vadamae unthan kachai mangani panthi va raani veyil paaratha vellam pookkalai kayil tharuvai kannae ezhu dhesangal vendra mannan un kal soondhu viral keatenae sitrinbam thandi perinbam kolvom uyir theendiye nam udal thandi povom giana azhage, mona vadivae ennai kudalkolla vaa, kotravai maindha
sharada, 66, is well - known as' urvasi' sharada and has acted in more than 300 films in telugu and malayalam. hailing from tenali in guntur district, sharada also became popular in malayalam films. she began her acting career in 1955 with telugu film' kanyasulkam'. her film' iddaru mithrulu' with akkineni nageshwara rao later was a major hit that propelled her to stardom. in 1968, she won the best actress award for her performance in' tulabaram', a malayalam film .
neena: i agree with all the problem parts of shankar movies but i have to disagree with “the problem with shankar is that i find his scripts being even worse than the average masala - film in terms of the regressive concepts they put forth. ” what average masala film are we talking about here? let us just a few rajini movies
the first - look posters, trailer and the songs have generated a positive buzz surrounding the project. the film is likely to have big openings upon its release in december .
effect of unsm on the resistance of the passive film of 316l stainless steel at 0 v (sce) in de - aerated 30 °c, 3. 5% nacl solution .
that said, i have to say that rajini does seem to defy his age for most parts of the film. i thought they did a good job of hiding his age .
madan, i saw the equalizer with denzel washington yesterday and it got me thinking, with a few tweaks for indian audiences, this is the type of film rajini should be making .
actress sonakshi sinha, who is making her tamil debut opposite superstar rajinikanth in upcoming tamil actioner' lingaa', says she thoroughly enjoyed working in the film and also learnt from the experience .
veteran actress sharada has bagged the ntr national award instituted by the state government for the year 2010. the government on monday also announced the recipients of some other important awards for film personalities .
they are planning to release the film in more than 200 screens in the us, which will be record for a tamil film, according to indiaglitz. superstar' s last release
kochadaiiyaan
had only half the screen - count of
lingaa
in the country. it is confirmed to hit theatres on 12 december as a birthday treat for the superstar' s fans .
the motorbike - balloon action sequence was a joke. not something a fan like me would pay to watch the superstar do. watching this film felt more like watching a telugu movie starring balakrishna .
effect of aging time on the mott - schottky plot of the passive film formed at 0 v (sce) for 30 min in de - aerated 3. 5% nacl solution at 30 °c .
neena: see, i’m by no means extolling shankar’s virtue as a great film maker per se, merely doing an “apple to apple” comparison between him as a mass masala maker against another like ksr .
directed by ks ravikumar ,
lingaa
is touted as a mass action entertainer with rajinikanth appearing in dual roles. fans are looking forward to see their thalaivar in a live - action film after nearly four years, when his blockbuster
endhiran
hit the screens. superstar' s last release
kochadaiiyaan
was a 3d film and the actor was seen in an animated version using motion - capturing techniques .
mega star chiranjeevi born konidela siva sankara vara prasad is an indian actor, producer and politician. he was the minister of state with independent charge for the ministry of tourism, government of india. prior to politics, chiranjeevi has attended the madras film institute, and had worked primarily in telugu cinema, in addition to tamil, kannada and hindi films. he made his acting debut in 1978, with the film punadhirallu .
] reported that the nano - crystalline surface could increase the density of diffusion paths available for alloying elements to migrate and rapidly form a protective passive film. according to the results by takakuwa, et al. [
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i agree with this, and lingaa isn’t up to mark. the question is, who is the director for the job? i think the only tamil director really capable of doing a satisfying rajnikanth film is shankar .
superstar rajinikanth' s
lingaa
is set for record release in the usa. the film' s us distribution rights have reportedly been acquired by classics entertainments, one of the leading distributing companies in the country .
in addition, the film is being sold overseas for approx 30 crore just for the tamil version. in addition to this all, there are music rights, which are with eros ,
the source stated .
since austenitic stainless steels have good properties of strength and toughness, and high corrosion resistance, they have been widely used in the field of power plants, chemical plants, and other industries [ 1 ]. the high corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel is due to the chemical stability of the passive film formed on the surface, and the properties of the film depends upon the alloying elements of the steels. basically, stainless steel can be defined as having a chromium content of over 12% ; thus the passive film is mainly composed of cr 2 o 3, and the corrosion resistance can be improved by the addition of ni, mo, w, n, etc .
it will be the first ever film in rajinikanth’s career to be releasing on his birthday, december 12. therefore, the annual chaos and celebration are expected to hit a new high this year in theatres and multiplexes across the state. there will be the customary paal abhishekam, where rajinikanth’s king - size cut - outs will be showered with milk and honey before the show is on, with fireworks in different parts of the city. at chennai’s kasi theatre, fans will cut a cake for the superstar, to mark his 65th birthday and watch a special show of the film at 1am. the film will release in more than 2, 500 screens across the country and close to 10, 000 screens worldwide .
lingaa somehow managed to feel rushed and interminable simultaneously. the screenplay felt slapped together, but it also dragged on and on. i can almost forgive misogyny, plot holes, etc. if the film was at least entertaining. but the film committed what, to me, is the worst sin a film like this can commit, which was that it was boring. the flashback dragged on and on and on. i was sick of hearing about that damn dam, and how great lingeswara was, the scene of him calling on everyone to forget caste, him and the british guy verbally sparring, yadda, yadda, yadda. the train fight scene was the one sign of life in the entire movie. i thought that was pretty well done .
@ brangan: good 🙂 since i don’t really know much about cinematographic or the technical aspects of film making, i didn’t comment on them. but, now, i can argue that it is not only shankar’s plot and writing that are crass but also his craft…
ever before it hits the screens ,
lingaa
has made huge pre - release business. the film' s rights have reportedly been bagged by eros international for a whopping amount. according to reports, it could fetch ₹200 crore for eros prior to release .
b compares the relationship between the polarization and pitting potential. the figures show that increasing the polarization resistance of stainless steels increases the pitting potential. that is, it should be noted that the properties of a passive film are important for enhancing the resistance to pitting corrosion .
shows the results for the ac impedance measurement on 316l stainless steel at 0 v (sce) in de - aerated 30 °c, 3. 5% nacl solution. the passive film was formed at 0 v (sce) for 30 min and the ac impedance was measured .
shows the effect of aging time on the mott - schottky plot of the passive film formed at 0 v (sce) for 30 min in de - aerated 3. 5% nacl solution at 30 °c. through the mott - schottky plot, we can find the bipolarity [
i am glad there are people who think not so highly of padayappa. the movie hasn’t aged well at all and that’s why really shankar is the man’s man for you. rajini taking on rajini is really the ultimate concept and endhiran for me is the best rajini film since baasha .
baddy, agree with a lot of what you say. the film was a lot longer than necessary. also, the lack of good villains was spot on. the whole brit crew was laughable. where is tom alter when you need him? 🙂 i agree, the lack of an equal opposite brings the movie down a lot. besides, the songs didn’t hit home either and that becomes problematic in a movie that has such huge expectations. my biggest point is that this what you get when you have a project manager helming the film…. never been a fan of that guy .
]. in this mott - schottky plot, a positive slope means n - type semiconductive properties, while a negative slope implies p - type semiconductive properties. therefore, the passive film formed on 316l stainless steel in sodium chloride solution reveals p - n type semiconductive properties, i. e. , the bipolar film. increasing the aging time still did not change the n - type properties, but did gradually reduce the slope of the p - type properties. in other words, the aging treatment to stainless steel deteriorated the bipolar properties, especially the p - type property and therefore reduced the pitting corrosion resistance .
lingaa is, as many industry insiders say, rajinikanth’s response to naysayers after his previous film kochadaiiyaan failed at the box - office. it is also his quickest project since he earned the title of superstar. within a month of kochadaiiyaan ’s release, after a leading tamil daily named vijay as the next superstar, the cast and crew of lingaa are said to have geared up, all guns blazing, to reiterate who the real superstar is and worked extra hard to finish the film in less than six months, making it his second release of the year. the shooting was completed in less than 100 days, with reportedly few or no breaks .
the seasonal favourite haricharan ’s singing is exceptionally soulful in unmai orunaal vellum, but the song as such works only intermittently. barring a few moments of brilliance in the arrangement, particularly around the interludes, the song is a rather tedious listen. the other melody fares better in comparison; en mannava has a more appealing tune that is delivered neatly by aditi paul and srinivas. the arrangement once again soars during the interludes, especially for the way a r rahman overlays the chorus and asad khan ’s sitar phrases. the anthemic sound and a r rahman ’s voice would invariably mean that indiane vaa evokes memories of older songs of the same kind. it is an engaging listen nevertheless; i found the use of percussion particularly interesting .
at one point i couldn’t help laughing at how awful the british actors were. just dreadful. the sets were awful, the acting was awful, the dialogue was awful, the hair and costumes were awful. alagappan nailed it when he said this felt like a balakrishna film. but without the fun of some of balakrishna’s more insane fight scenes .
anuja / rakesh – good you pointed out arr’s music specifically in your posts. in all the ruckus about the movie review itself, arr seems to be getting less of the brickbats than he rightly deserves. even an average rating for this album is too much in my opinion, but background score in the film itself was mediocre too, no great shakes .
so, all i see in shankar films again is all the terribly tiring tropes of tamil cinema, global masala - dom and some more appalling stuff wrapped in a supposedly fresh or modern package. the movies are badly written, unbelievably long and the dialogues are unexceptional. so, i can’t really place shankar a notch above ksr or other mass film makers .
however, pranam khareedu was released earlier at the box office. chiru known for his break dancing skills, chiranjeevi acted sofar in 149 films and his 150th film is on its way. in 2006, chiranjeevi was honoured with the padma bhushan, india’s third highest civilian award, for his contributions to indian cinema, and was presented with an honorary doctorate from andhra university .
wrt shankar, he uses high - concept (for indian films) plot ideas with above - average action scenes and concepts (the ending of enthiran was truly amazing), and, of course, he and arr are one of the best current director - composer teams. otherwise his films have the same undercooked female characters and regressive values as any other tamil film .
effect of unsm on the mott - schottky plot of the passive film formed at 0 v (sce) for 30 min. in de - aerated 30 °c, 3. 5% nacl solution: (a) non - aged specimen; (b) 1 h - aged specimen; (c) 5 h - aged specimen, and (d) 48 h - aged specimen .
unsm - treatment of the slightly sensitized 316l stainless steel increased the pitting potential, decreased the passive current density, and increased the resistance of the passive film. however, in the case of the heavily sensitized 316l stainless steel, the unsm - treatment decreased the pitting potential, increased the passive current density, and decreased the resistance of the passive film. this behavior is due to the dual effects by unsm - treatment. that is, unsm - treatment reduced the carbon segregation regardless of whether the stainless steel 316l was slightly or heavily sensitized. however, since this treatment created mechanical flaws in the outer surface, in the case of the heavily sensitized stainless steel, the unsm - treatment may eliminate chromium carbide, and this flaw can be a potential pitting initiation site, and therefore decrease the pitting corrosion resistance .
the mott - schottky plot was prepared to determine the semiconductive properties of the passive film. the specimen preparation was the same as that for the ac impedance measurement and the dc amplitude was 10 mv (peak - to - peak) at 1580 hz of the ac frequency [ 37 ]. the capacitance was measured at the scan rate of 50 mv / s from + 0. 5 v (sce) to −1 v (sce) .
on ksr — why is he a celebrated film maker still? i don’t get that. he seems so out of tune (thanks lingu !) with times. even back in his heydays apart from his kamal associations which i am sure has a lot of the latter’s influence, i don’t recall anything worth mentioning except for – muthu which was fun. padayappa was so - so! padayappa infact became tolerable for me after repeat tv viewings .
shows the effect of unsm on the nyquist plot of 316l stainless steel at 0 v (sce) in de - aerated 30 °c, 3. 5% nacl solution. except for the 48 h - aged specimen, the nyquist plots of non - or slightly - aged specimens were improved. a randles model was used to calculate the resistances of the passive film of 316l stainless steel at 0 v (sce) in de - aerated 30 °c, 3. 5% nacl .
shows the effect of unsm on the mott - schottky plot of the passive film formed at 0 v (sce) for 30 min in de - aerated 30 °c, 3. 5% nacl solution. regardless of the unsm treatment, all of the specimens revealed p - n type semiconductive properties. the n - type properties (positive slope) of the non - or slightly sensitized specimens were relatively strong, but the n - type properties of the heavily sensitized specimen were relatively weak .
oh, there was one other scene that ushered in much excitement. it’s when we learn it’s the birthday of the rajinikanth character in the flashback. a cake is wheeled out. people sing the birthday song. fans watching lingaa on its day of release, december 12 (rajinikanth’s birthday), will enjoy being in the superstar’s vicinity as he cuts his birthday cake. but that’s just a temporary high. next time, how about a film that leaves us with happy memories on other days as well ?
in the case of slightly sensitized 316l stainless steel, the aging time drastically decreased the pitting potential, increased the passive current density, and lowered the resistance of the passive film, even though chromium carbide and the chromium depletion zone were not formed by aging. this behavior is due to the micro - galvanic corrosion between the matrix and the carbon segregated area, and shows the importance of carbon segregation in grain boundaries to the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steel, in addition to the formation of the chromium depletion zone .
stainless steels have good corrosion resistance in many environments but welding or aging can decrease their resistance. this work focused on the effect of aging time and ultrasonic nano - crystal surface modification on the passivation behavior of 316l stainless steel. in the case of slightly sensitized 316l stainless steel, increasing the aging time drastically decreased the pitting potential, increased the passive current density, and decreased the resistance of the passive film, even though aging did not form chromium carbide and a chromium depletion zone. this behavior is due to the micro - galvanic corrosion between the matrix and carbon segregated area, and this shows the importance of carbon segregation in grain boundaries to the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steel, in addition to the formation of the chromium depletion zone. unsm (ultrasonic nano crystal surface modification) - treatment to the slightly sensitized 316l stainless steel increased the pitting potential, decreased the passive current density, and increased the resistance of the passive film. however, in the case of heavily sensitized 316l stainless steel, unsm - treatment decreased the pitting potential, increased the passive current density, and decreased the resistance of the passive film. this behavior is due to the dual effects of the unsm - treatment. that is, the unsm - treatment reduced the carbon segregation, regardless of whether the stainless steel 316l was slightly or heavily sensitized. however, since this treatment made mechanical flaws in the outer surface in the case of the heavily sensitized stainless steel, unsm - treatment may eliminate chromium carbide, and this flaw can be a pitting initiation site, and therefore decrease the pitting corrosion resistance .
a point i’d like to re - iterate, is that my comparison is with shankar and other tamil film makers. when you open it up to include hollywood films, then quite naturally, the flaws in indian movies become magnified severalfold. of course multiple / split personalities have been handled far more frequently and better in movies like psycho & primal fear in the psychological thriller genre, given a comedic twist in jim carrey’s me, myself and irene and even addressed in gollum’s conversations with himself in the rings trilogy, to name just a few examples .
@ kothavaranga: i am one such binge watcher. even i find lingaa difficult to defend. i can accept anything, except for this ‘let - us - make - any - nonsense - the - people - will - be - ok’ attitude. the film was clearly half done in many parts, and any competent director would’ve cut out some of the flashback portions. i liked parts of it (unlike many people here), but the flashback portions were really really boring. and after kaaviyathalaivan and i, this was the law - of - averages album for rahman, i guess .
my most favorite part of the film was. . the character of the flashback - villain’s wife was the. . don’t know what to say. we know characters are written for a purpose after all but we still look for some kind of an arc or a ‘travel’ as kollywood likes to call it or some substance – but from the minute she got introduced and in every shot you could see it’s written all over the script in caps she will reveal the truth. you wait to see how bad it could get and when that scene unfolded it was so bad that it was * so * good !
crime and punishment cast list, listed alphabetically with photos when available. this list of crime and punishment actors includes any crime and punishment actresses and all other actors from the film. you can view additional information about each crime and punishment actor on this list, such as when and where they were born. to find out more about a particular actor or actress, click on their name and you' ll be taken to page with even more details about their acting career. the cast members of crime and punishment have been in many other movies, so use this list as a starting point to find actors or actresses that you may not be familiar with .
with indian, by the time, the father - son face - off comes about, i had had enough and just wanted the film to be over! but, right from first, i thought it was clearly set up what senapathy’s standing was and he wasn’t one to compromise on his principles because of paternal love (which was proved with his daughter’s case as well). there never was going to be a moral question for him, never really any occasion for internal conflict or turmoil. so, it wasn’t really intriguing to me. there was potential for some subversion with the manisha koirala character (“vaayilla praanikku ethaavathu onnunnale thaanga maatta nee”). well, to expect complexity in the female lead is just too much, i guess !
vip was definitely one of my favorite ‘star’ movies this year as well. but, think about it this way. dhanush is a ‘star’ no question, but he’s no ‘superstar’ yet. for a dhanush film to work, you kind of need all the things you mentioned, and it all came together in vip. but do you remember the debacle that was naiyaandi…? even take suriya for instance. he is a big ‘star’ as well, but what was the faith of anjaan…? the likes of dhanush and suriya et. al, aren’t in the same league of ‘super’ stardom as those i mentioned earlier, hence a good script, story, technicians, music, are all crucial elements for their respective movies to succeed. they can’t just show up on screen and expect to ring in the cash registers unlike our ‘superstars’ – .
with all this, it’s a small miracle that the person summoned to make a “rajini movie” doesn’t turn chalk - white with fear and flee to a foreign country under an assumed name. but that cannot excuse the films. lingaa is talky and overlong (nearly three hours), plagued with pacing issues, and – worse – it tells a story that lays no claims to our emotions. rajinikanth plays two roles. in the present - day portions, he’s a thief, and a lot of time is wasted on this character’s doings (one of them a heist involving a tennis ball, balloons, and sticker pottu) till we get to a british - era flashback that’s this film’s reason for being. here, rajinikanth plays a munificent king who’s also a cambridge - educated civil engineer (weren’t they all ?) – he decides to build that dam .
kanmani | full tamil movie | prashanth | mohini | r. k. selvamani | ilaiyaraaja
star tamil movie | prashanth | jyothika | a. r. rahman | praveen gandhi
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' lingaa' will be released in tamil, telugu and hindi. music has been composed by ar rahman .
directed by ks ravi kumar,' lingaa' is set to hit the theatres this december .
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the c - curves of the time - temperature - sensitization (tts) diagram of aisi 316 stainless steel are displaced towards lesser time by increasing the cold work, and sensitization of the aisi 316 stainless steel accelerated the precipitation of the cr 23 c 6 carbide [ 35 ]. remarkable improvements in the degree of sensitization (dos) and the intergranular corrosion (igc) of type 304 (uns s 30400) and type 316l (uns s 31603) stainless steels were achieved through extreme grain boundary randomization [ 36 ]. recently, our group reported that even though chromium carbide was not precipitated, aging time drastically increased the intergranular corrosion rate of 316l stainless steel, and we confirmed that the increased intergranular corrosion rate of slightly sensitized (not carbide formed) 316l stainless steel was due to the carbon segregation along the grain boundaries. unsm treatment improved the intergranular corrosion resistance of aged stainless steels, and the improvement was due to the reduction of carbon segregation and the grain refinement of the outer surface, including the introduction of compressive residual stress [ 5 ] .
as discussed above, the unsm treatment improves the mechanical properties and induces the nano - crystallization of the outer surface, but there has been little research on the effects of unsm on the anodic polarization behavior of stainless steel. this work, therefore, focused on the effect of unsm treatment on the anodic polarization behavior of aged 316l stainless steel and proposed its mechanism .
shows the chemical composition of the aisi 316l austenitic stainless steel used in this work. aging treatments were performed at 650 °c for 1, 5, and 48 h in n
protective atmosphere, and then the steel was water quenched. unsm treatment was applied to the surface using unsm equipment (design mecha - lm20 unsm system, asan, korea) .
conditions of unsm (ultrasonic nano crystal surface modification) treatment on 316l stainless steel .
shows the shape and dimensions of the specimen for the electrochemical test (anodic polarization, ac - impedance, and mott - schottky tests) .
specimens were cut to a size of 1. 5 × 1. 5 mm, and after electrical connection, they were epoxy - mounted, and the surface was ground using # 600 sic paper and coated with epoxy resin, except for an area of 1 cm 2. the anodic polarization test was performed in 3. 5% nacl solution using a potentiostat (gamry dc 105, warminster, va, usa) and the reference electrode was a saturated calomel electrode (sce), and the counter electrode was high - density graphite rods. the test solution was de - aerated using nitrogen gas at the rate of 100 ml / min for 30 min and the scanning rate was 0. 33 mv / s. the pitting potential that is the least positive potential at which pits can form was determined from the anodic polarization curve .
in order to measure the ac impedance, the specimens were ground using # 2000 sic paper, and then polished using a diamond paste (3 μm). the test solution was the same as that of the polarization test. the ac impedance measurement was performed using an electrochemical analyzer (gamry eis 300, warminster, va, usa). before measuring, passivation was treated at + 0 mv (sce) for 30 min. ac impedance was measured at a passivation potential from 10 khz to 0. 01 hz and the ac voltage amplitude was 10 mv .
the specimen was cut to a size of 20 × 20 × 5 mm and then ground with # 2000 sic paper and polished with a 3 µm diamond paste. finally, the specimen was cleaned with ethyl alcohol, using an ultrasonic cleaner. the microstructure was observed by optical microscopy (axiotech 100hd, zeiss, oberkochen, germany) and sem - eds (vega ii lmu, tescan, brno, czech republic), after etching by aqua regia (70 ml hno 3 + 30 ml hcl). also, an electron probe micro analyzer (epma - 1600 15 kv, shimadzu, kyoto, japan) was used to identify the elemental distribution of the passivated surface .
shows the effect of aging time at 650 °c on the polarization behavior of the 316l stainless steel in de - aerated 3. 5% nacl at 30 °c. in the case of the annealed specimen (316l - 0 h), the corrosion potential and pitting potential were high, but the aging treatment degraded the anodic polarization behavior of the 316l stainless steel. increasing the aging time lowered the pitting potential and also increased the passive current density at 0 v (sce). generally, the aging treatment formed chromium carbides in the grain boundary and grain, and then generated a chromium - depleted zone near the carbide. therefore, pitting corrosion was easily initiated at this chromium - depleted zone, and the pitting resistance was reduced. however, it is interesting to note that the pitting potential of even the 1 or 5 h - aged specimen decreased drastically, and their passive current densities greatly increased. from a thermodynamical aspect [
], short aging times such as 1 or 5 h could not form chromium carbides, but did degrade their passivation behavior. a similar pattern of corrosion by aging time was already observed in the intergranular corrosion behavior [
effect of aging time at 650 °c on the polarization behavior of 316l stainless steel (de - aerated 30 °c, 3. 5% nacl): (a) anodic polarization curves; (b) pitting potential with aging time; and (c) passive current density with aging time .
a shows that increasing the aging time depressed the nyquist plots and their impedance circles. the polarization resistance was calculated using a randles model .
ac impedance measurement on 316l stainless steel at 0 v (sce) in de - aerated 30 °c, 3. 5% nacl: (a) nyquist plot; and (b) r p vs. pitting potential .
shows the effect of unsm on the polarization behavior of 316l stainless steel aged at 650 °c in de - aerated 3. 5% nacl solution at 30 °c. in the case of the non - aged specimen, unsm - treatment (316l - 0hu) improved the anodic polarization behavior. in contrast, the unsm - treatment increased the anodic polarization behavior of 1 h and 5 h - aged specimens, but the treatment degraded the behavior of the 48 h - aged specimen .
reveals the effect of unsm on the passive current density and pitting potential obtained in de - aerated 3. 5% nacl solution at 30 °c. in summary, the unsm - treatment on the slightly sensitized specimen reduced the passive current density and increased the pitting potential, while the treatment on the heavily sensitized specimen increased the passive current density and lowered the pitting potential. it is interesting that the unsm - treatment enhanced the intergranular corrosion in even the heavily sensitized specimen, in addition to the slightly sensitized specimen [
effect of unsm on the polarization behavior of 316l stainless steel aged at 650 °c in de - aerated 30 °c, 3. 5% nacl solution; (a) non - aged specimen; (b) 1 h - aged specimen; (c) 5 h - aged specimen; and (d) 48 h - aged specimen .
effect of unsm on (a) passive current density; and (b) pitting potential obtained in de - aerated 3. 5% nacl solution at 30 °c .
effect of unsm on the nyquist plot of 316l stainless steel at 0 v (sce) in de - aerated 30 °c, 3. 5% nacl solution: (a) non - aged specimen; (b) 1 h - aged specimen; (c) 5 h - aged specimen; and (d) 48 h - aged specimen .
pitting corrosion initiates by nonmetallic inclusions or second - phase intermetallics in the stainless steel surface microstructure [ 44 ]. stainless steel can be sensitized by aging treatment, and thus chromium carbides and a chromium - depleted zone can be formed near the grain boundaries [ 45 ]; and in addition, it was recently reported that carbon segregated areas near grain boundaries of even slightly sensitized stainless steel were formed, and this carbon segregation facilitated the intergranular corrosion [ 4 ] .
shows that the pitting potential was greatly reduced in even the slightly sensitized specimen .
shows the results of observation of the surface after the anodic polarization test in order to elucidate this corrosion behavior .
c shows that in the 48 h - aged specimen, the corroded area finally looks like the appearance corroded along grain boundaries .
sem image after the polarization test in de - aerated 30 °c, 3. 5% nacl: (a) 1 h - aged; (b) 5 h - aged; and (c) 48 h - aged .
shows the epma analysis that was therefore performed in order to compare the corroded appearance to elemental correlation .
shows the elemental distribution analyzed by epma on the surface of the aged 316l stainless steel after the polarization test in de - aerated 3. 5% nacl at 30 °c. in the case of 1 h and 5 h - aged specimens, carbon was relatively more segregated at the corroded area, and carbon segregation can be definitely confirmed along the grain boundaries of the chromium carbide formed specimen (48 h - aged). the passivation behavior of the slightly sensitized stainless steel can be affected by carbon segregation, and the segregated carbon induced micro - galvanic corrosion, which initiated pitting and degraded passivation [
]. after the exposure beyond the critical duration for carbide formation, chromium depletion and carbide formed areas formed, and since these areas are sensitive to pitting initiation, they degraded the passivation .
elemental distribution analyzed by epma (electron probe micro analyzer) on the surface of aged 316l stainless steel after the polarization test in de - aerated 30 °c, 3. 5% nacl: (a) 1 h - aged; (b) 5 h - aged; and (c) 48 h - aged .
on the other hand, the unsm - treatment improved the passivation of 1 h and 5 h - aged specimens, but decreased the pitting resistance of the 48 h - aged specimen. wang, et al. [
], residual stress in the surface layer with different surface finishes affects the critical current density and the current density for passivation, the factors of which are closely related to the formation and retention of the passivation layer. many researchers [
] reported that the high mechanical energy imparted by various methods to the steel surface may also induce the diffusion of the alloying elements and therefore can affect the intergranular corrosion resistance of the stainless steels. we already proposed that the unsm treatment improved the intergranular corrosion resistance of the aged stainless steels, and the improvement was due to the reduction of carbon segregation and the grain refinement of the outer surface, including the introduction of compressive residual stress [
shows the elemental distribution analyzed by epma on the surface of unsm treated 316l stainless steel after the polarization test in de - aerated 3. 5% nacl at 30 °c. it can be confirmed that the unsm - treatment reduced carbon segregation regardless of the aging time. as described above, carbon segregation facilitates micro - galvanic corrosion, and therefore the reduction of carbon segregation by the unsm - treatment should improve the pitting corrosion resistance. in the case of the slightly sensitized specimen, this was true, but the pitting corrosion resistance was decreased in the heavily sensitized specimen in spite of the reduction of carbon segregation by the unsm - treatment. that is, this behavior requires another explanation .
shows sem images of unsm - treated specimens before / after the anodic polarization test in de - aerated 3. 5% nacl at 30 °c. mechanical flaws by the unsm - treatment can be observed even in the specimen before the anodic polarization test. in particular, in the case of the 48 h - aged specimen, several mechanical flaws were observed; and after the anodic polarization test, it was confirmed that the pitting corrosion initiated and propagated at the flaws. in other words, it should be noted that while the unsm - treatment can reduce the carbon segregation by aging, it can increase the irregularity of the surface due to mechanical flaws .
elemental distribution analyzed by epma on the surface of unsm treated 316l stainless steel after the polarization test in de - aerated 30 °c, 3. 5% nacl: (a) 1 h - aged; (b) 5 h - aged; and (c) 48 h - aged .
sem images of unsm - treated specimens before / after the anodic polarization test in de - aerated 30 °c, 3. 5% nacl: (a) 1 h - aged; (b) 5 h - aged; and (c) 48 h - aged .
therefore, we propose the pitting corrosion model of the stainless steel by unsm - treatment .
shows the pitting corrosion model of aged 316l stainless steel by the unsm treatment. in the slightly aged specimen, the unsm - treatment refines the grain of the outer surface [
] and reduces the carbon segregation, and therefore increases the pitting corrosion resistance even though it creates mechanical flaws. on the other hand, in the case of the over - aged specimen, the unsm - treatment refines the grain of the outer surface, and reduces the carbon segregation similar to the slightly aged specimen, but creates mechanical flaws on the surface, and then these flaws act as the initiation sites of pitting corrosion, and finally decrease the pitting corrosion resistance.
mannava is a 1997 tamil language comedy film directed by l. m. balaji and produced by shanthi . the film stars prashanth and sanghavi in the lead roles , while deva composed the film 's music . 
mannava is a 1997 tamil language comedy film directed by l. m. balaji and produced by shanthi. the film stars prashanth and sanghavi in the lead roles, while deva composed the film's music.
mannava is a 1997 tamil language comedy film directed by l. m. balaji and produced by shanthi. the film stars prashanth and sanghavi in the lead roles, while deva composed the film's music.