exposed ( 1938 film )
‎exposed (1938) directed by harold d. schuster • reviews, film + cast • letterboxd
1. that step in the method of producing. clear rubber hydrochloride film by evaporation of low boiling solvent from film of a rubber hydrochloride cement which comprises supplying suflicient heat to the exposed surface of a freshly cast film of the cement during the rapid evaporation of solvent therefrom and while the film of cement is supported on a film - forming surface, to prevent premature solidification of rubber hydrochloride in the exposed surface of the film which solidification early in the evaporation of solvent therefrom would result in the formation of irregularities in said surface on completion of the evaporation of solvent from the film .
is placed is either made of aluminum or coated on the inside with aluminum and the running water is further agitated by air. this sets up an electrolytic action between the silver on the film and the aluminum and so hardens the exposed emulsion that the exposed spots will stand hot washout water and by washing out the spaces between the exposed dots a relief printing plate is provided .
a scientist becomes murderous after discovering, and being exposed to the radiation of, a powerful new element called radium x .
2. that step in the production of clear rubber hydrochloride film from a cement of rubber hydrochloride in a low boiling solvent which on concentration and cooling causes gelation of the rubber hydrochloride, which step comprises supplying sufficient heat to the exposed surface of a freshly cast film of the cement during the rapid evaporation of solvent therefrom and while the film is supported on a film - forming surface to prevent premature gelation of the rubber hydrochloride at the exposed surface which premature gelation would cause irregularities to form in the surface of the film on evaporation of the cement to dryness .
signor to wingfoot corporation, wilmington, del. , a corporation of delaware application december 23, 1938, serial no. 247, 356
7. the method of producing clear rubber hydrochloride film from a benzene cement of a rubber hydrochloride containing about seven and one - half per cent of rubber hydrochloride which comprises' casting a film of said cement on a filmforming surface and during therapid evaporaill tion of solvent from the freshly cast film, supplying sufiicient heat to the exposed surface of the cement film to prevent premature solidification mature solidification would result in the production of cloudy film on completion of the evaporation of the solvent .
this invention relates to an improved method of making film from cements of rubber hydrochloride and like film - forming materials, including rubber hydrobromide, etc .
images: 1. roll of 8mm film with its original box / karma foley for human studies film archives; 2. from left to right: 35mm, 16mm, 8mm, super 8mm / human studies film archives .
chamber to remove the vapor' sias they evaporate the film of the freshly cast cement will be sufficiently high to prevent premature solidification of the rubber hydrochloride. after a considerable percent of solvent has been removed the entire body of the film, including the exposed surface, will gel or otherwise solidify. if the surface has been allowed to solidify prematurely irregularities will form in the exposed surface as the balance of the solvent is removed from the cement. if the exposed surface is maintained at a sufficiently high temperature so that there is no premature solidification the removal [ of itl' iev balance of the solvent will be effected from the film. the temperature of the. air. en -
a film is then placed in washout water at a temperature of about 90 f. and allowed to remain in this bath from five to ten minutes. this eliminates the gelatin between the dots leaving the exposed portions as a relief printing plate .
9. the methodof forming clear rubber hydrochloride film which comprises casting on a metal surface a cement of a rubber hydrochloride in a low boiling solvent, thereafter evaporating the solvent to produce a film of rubber hydrochloride. supplying sufficient heat to the exposed surface of the freshly cast film to prevent premature solidification of the rubber hydrochloride at the surface of the film, which premature solidification would cause irregularities to be formed in the surface of the film on removal of the balance of the solvent therefrom, and supplying heat for 4 evaporation of solvent to the cement from the metal belt .
10. the method of casting film from a rubber hydrochloride cement on a continuous casting surface, which comprisessupplying suflicient heat to the freshly cast film to maintain its exposed surface. at a sufliciently high temperature to prevent premature solidification of the rubber hydrochloride at its surface, which premature solidification would cause irregularities to be formed in the surface of the film on removal of the balance of the solvent therefrom, and cooling the casting surface just prior to the removal of the film therefrom in order (1) to cause the film to set and thus prevent distortion of the film which would occur if the film were stripped from the surface while still hot and (2) to prevent bubble formation in cement cast on the surface from which the film is removed, which bubble formation would occur if the cement were cast on too' 2 hot a surface .
future learning and skills – giving everyone the opportunity to build a lifelong relationship with film .
4. the method of forming a clear rubber hydrochloride film which comprises casting' on a surface a cement of a rubber hydrochloride in a low boiling solvent and thereafter evaporating the solvent to produce a rubber hydrochloride film, and conducting the first stage of the evaporation in an enclosure containing asource ofjradiant energy so located as to radiate heat onto the freshly cast film of cement during the rapid evaporation of solvent therefrom and supplying radiant heat to the freshly cast film from said source in sufiicient amount to maintain the exposed surface of the film at such a high temperature as to prevent premature solidification of rubber hydrochloride at said surface, which premature solidification would cause irregularities to be formed in the surface of the film on removal of the balance of the solvent therefrom .
with - no radiator the film could be stripped off in 150 seconds and was cloudy, with the 500 f. radiator the film could be stripped in 30 - 40 seconds and was quite brilliant .
5. the method of forming clear rubber hydrochloride film which comprises casting on a metal surface a cement of a rubber hydrochloride in a low boiling solvent and thereafter evaporating the solvent to produce a film of the rubber hydrochloride, and supplying heat to said metal surface in such a manner and in an amount sufficient to maintain the exposed surface of the freshly cast film at a sufiiciently high temperature during the rapid evaporation of solvent therefrom to prevent premature solidification of the rubber hydrochloride therein, which premature solidification would cause irregularities to be formed in the surface of the film on removal of the balance of the solvent therefrom .
jezebel (1938) is a romantic melodrama with views of early 1850s new orleans ante - bellum society. it was the first in a cycle of films with dixie backdrops that studied southern chivalry and honor. the role of the title character was offered as compensation to film star bette davis - her first major film role - when she lost the opportunity to play scarlett o' hara in gone with the wind (1939), a characterization with a similar heroine. in fact, the film has been called a black - and - white version of the famous selznick film that was in its pre - production stages .
while several safe, affordable and user - friendly cameras were made in both europe and in the united states, eastman kodak' s 1923 invention of the cine - kodak trumped the competition. the cine - koda used new, 16mm acetate safety film, which underwent a process of direct film reversal. during this process, exposed film is developed to a negative image, after which the image is bleached out, leaving unconverted silver grains. the film is then exposed and developed again, so that the unconverted silver grains reveal a positive image. this method shortens the developing process by one step, ultimately saving the user time and money. it was also discovered that through this process the grain size of a finished positive was finer than that produced from a
conventionally developed
negative, allowing for the overall size of an image to be clearly and accurately reduced. eastman kodak' s final product was a 16mm wide film strip perforated on both sides with a 10mm x 7. 5mm image moving at 40 frames per foot. the film was not only less than half the width of conventional 35mm film, but also 1 / 6th the cost .
j. t. cochran process of molding printing cuts from photographic plates film support filed april 18, 1938 negative fl lm exposed through screen high light and and shadow dots e xposed film surface hardened and heat treated \ forms matrix dots chemically processed to swell and raisei spaces between extending to surface of support extending to slrface of support power applying pressure harining plastic such as type - metal actual printing formed metal surface all in a common plane - g printing shell stripped from - the matrix plate inverted w iq cut formed is type high and applied to. block ready to print jnyentue jusefh t fuehhan patented june 3, 1941 process of molding printing cuts from photographic plates joseph t. cochran, chicago, 111. , assignor to coppertone, inc. , chicago, 111. , a corporation of illinois application april 18, 1938, serial no. 202, 684
in this process the negative is processed in such a way as to become an original matrix exposed in the camera and developed, from which a printing plate is rapidly produced therefrom by one of the methods above described .
so, starting in late 1938, he repeatedly visited the beer hall, taking careful measurements of the columns flanking the speaker’s podium. elser took a job in an armaments factory and smuggled out explosives, dynamite sticks and detonators .
process of making rubber hydrochloride films rum / wm filed dec. 23, 1938 patented oct. 14, 1941 - process of making rubber hydro - chloride films harold j. osterho f, cuyahoga falls, ohio, as -
3. the method of producing metal printing cuts directly from a photographic negative which comprises exposing a light sensitive film backed by a supporting plate to produce a negative halftone dot formation, in chemically processing the film so that the openings between the dots reach the surface of the supporting plate, in hardening the remainder of the film, in depositing a hardening plastic materiallike metal upon the surface of the film, in applying pressure to the material to force it in the openings of the film against the base to produce a common printing surface, and in removing the hardened plastic material from the film to expose the printing surface with a all printing in the same plane .
e. b. neslowe is an independent film analyst and reviewer. he currently lives in olympia, washington .
this documentary film, shot while on holiday on the outer hebrides, is believed to be the first film that they made. note the fishwives bandaging their fingers to protect them for the work of gutting the fish. the strips of linen were used to protect the fingers against cuts from the sharp gutting knives. any cut, however small, would be excruciatingly painful if exposed to the brine in the fish troughs. people on the remote island of harris would not at all have been accustomed to film cameras at this time, and one inhabitant is seen very deliberately turning away from the lens .
but, he added, there are only a few courageous individuals in every society who embody the spirit of freedom. as an american example, the filmmaker cited whistleblower edward snowden, who exposed thousands of secret u. s. government documents .
2. the method of producing metal printing cuts directly from a photographic negative which comprises exposing a sensitized photographic film through a half - tone screen, in chemically processing the film on its base until the openings between the high - light and shadow dots formed by the screen extend to the surface of the base, in casting or otherwise depositing a film of metal directly upon the film until it reaches the common surface of the base, and in stripping the metal film from the matrix to form a printing cut in which all of the printing surfaces are in a common plane as determined by the base .
according to this invention prematur solidification of the rubber hydrochloride at the surface of film produced from cements containing low boiling solvents is prevented whether the solidification be due to the gelling of cements, such as benzene cements, or the skinning over of other cements, such as chloroform cements. this is o done by maintaining the exposed surface of the film above the temperature at which solidification (either gelling or skinning over) takes place during theinitial stage of evaporation of solvent. raising the temperature of the surface accel - 45 erates the votalization of solvent, which is desirable as it reduces the time required for preparation of the ultimate film .
although safe, easy - to - use cameras became more available, they had not become more affordable. in 1932, kodak' s most basic model, the m 475, cost $ 75 - - an amount equal to two weeks wages for hourly laborers. similarly, the cheapest projector cost $ 60 and a 100 - foot roll of film, $ 6. to address the rising concerns with cost as the great depression loomed, eastman kodak introduced 8mm film in 1932. this film came on 25' spools of 16mm, with two sides of 8mm film, or
double 8 .
after being threaded through the camera and exposed on one half, the film was then turned over and re - threaded to expose the other. during processing, this double width would be split down the middle and spliced together to make a 50 - foot reel of 8mm film perforated only on one side. since the 8mm was a quarter of the size of 16mm, it reduced the amount of film necessary to achieve the same running time as 16mm and the cost of processing by a factor of four. the cine - kodak eight model 20 cost $ 29. 50, the projector, $ 22. 50 and a spool of film, $ 2. 50 .
in preparing films of rubber hydrochloride by casting cements of rubber hydrochloride in low boiling solvent and evaporating the solvents it was observed that the films obtained were somewhat cloudy or opalescent. this cloudiness or opalescence was found to be due to minute irregularities in the exposed surface of the film, i. e. , the surface contiguous to the air space into which the solvent vapors passed on evaporation .
1. the process of molding printing cuts directly upon a negative photographic matrix which comprises, exposing a sensitized film carried upon a supporting base through a half - tone screen, in photographically processing the sensitized film until the openings between the high - light and shadow portions formed by the screen extend to the surface of the film supporting base, in depositing a metal coating which extends to the surface of the plate through the openings in the film, in producing printing surfaces extending through the film to the base which have the same height, and in removing the metal coating in which the dots forming the printing surface are all in the same plane. s
my preferred version of “a christmas carol” is the superb metro - goldwyn - mayer film from 1938, starring actor reginald owen as the crotchety old miser, ebenezer scrooge. did i say “preferred”? sorry, what i actually meant is that this is the only version worth watching. ever. i have never liked the 1951 movie with alastair sim. if it’s your favourite? well… okay. i guess there’s no accounting for some people’s lack of taste. ; p no, but honestly, i don’t like it. i found his over - acting to be terribly obnoxious and i also didn’t enjoy the choice of scenes when compared to the 1938 version. as i said, the original story turned out to be longer than i ever realized from watching the films. there’s much more to “a christmas carol” than can be crammed into a single 90 minutes, so each film has to pick and choose which scenes to include and which to leave out. the 1951 film has the bedroom scene, where everyone is snatching up scrooge’s belongings as he lies stiff and cold in his bed. it’s really rather boring. it’s missing from mgm’s film, where they focused on scenes that give the film a very different, much less dreary feeling .
2) process this negative plate to swell, harden and raise the exposed dots, thus forming a negative mold in which openings extend between the dots to the uniform surface of the backing glass or plate, thus producing a matrix for the formation of the dots for printing .
schwartz, dennis. ozus' world movie reviews, film review, may 24, 2000. last accessed: january 12, 2008 .
as an alternative after the hypo bath the film is placed in wash water but the tank in which it in this systemthere is less .
in my opinion, what makes this film better than any other is the focus on love. when you strip it down to bare bones, dickens’s tale is one of love for your fellow man, forgiveness and redemption. and mgm in 1938, moreso than any other, cherry - picked the best portions of “a christmas carol” to illustrate this message with the greatest impact. and the way they adapted dickens’s words into the script is remarkable .
3. that step in the formation of clear rubber hydrochloride film from a gel - forming cement of a rubber hydrochloride in a low boiling solvent, which step comprises supplying to a freshly cast film of the cement during the rapid evaporation of solvent therefrom and while the cement is supported on a film - forming surface, heat in an amount sufficient to prevent premature gelation of rubber hydrochloride at or near the surfaceof the film from which the solvent is being evaporated, which premature gelation would result in the formation of minute irregularities in' said surface on subsequent evaporation to dryness .
( geologist and amateur filmmaker william wrather used 16mm film to record this footage of the gallup ceremonial in new mexico circa 1926 - 1932. )
the influential magazine der spiegel noted that because of the film, elser became recognized as “a true german hero” after having been largely ignored by historians .
after the hypo bath this film is placed in wash water until the hypo has been completely washed out. the film is then placed in a hardening bath consisting of copper sulphite
oz... 12 potassium bromide oz 2 water gal 2 where it is allowed to remain for ten minutes .
the evaporation of solvent may advantageously take place in two stages, a first stage 5 in which the cement is supported by some suitable surface such as a belt, and a second stage after sufficient solvent has been evaporated to form a film which will support its own weight. inthis second stage the film is removed from 55 the support which carries it through the first will cool the surface of the cement film to the temperature at which solidification occurs unless the surface of the film is heated to a temperature suffioient to prevent such solidification. any: suitable means for maintaining the required temperature may be employed. 4
an intelligent, beautiful film. a gift. thank you alanis. i wish i could say
thank you
to gene boy. peace. sue
4. the method of making positive printing cuts directly from a negative photographic plate which comprises exposing a photographic film mounted on a supporting base in a camera through a half - tone screen, in chemically developing the negative until the spaces between the high - light and shadow dots extend to the surface of the supporting base, in processing the exposed surface of the remaining negative to form a hard tough surface, in applying a thin metal coating in plastic form to the negative matrix, in applying pressure to the coating to force it through the matrix openings to contact with the surface produced by the film, base, and in applying this metal film to a printing block to form a. printing cut in which all of the printing surfaces are in a 10 common plane .
each of the crises over austria and czechoslovakia had a crucial effect on nazi anti - jewish policy and paved the way for the third major crisis of 1938 :
crystal night
. though foreign policy and the persecution of the jews are usually treated separately in the literature - hermann graml' s antisemitism in the third reich (1992) and saul friedländer' s nazi germany and the jews: the years of persecution (phoenix, 1997) have to stand proxy for a vast literature on the latter - it is important to recognise the connections. these emerge plainly in the events surrounding the nationwide pogrom of the night of november 9 - 10 1938 .
two years earlier. his character should have been the focal point of the screenplay but he’s little more than a supporting player in the first half of the film. the one part of the story that is clever is the way that the mystery actually becomes two simultaneous mysteries in the second half of the film .
one didn' t have to pay the admission price to this film in 1938 to know all about the plot, and if all of the posters were read before entering, there wasn' t much chance of getting surprised i. e, ; sensational expose of
miracle racket .
thrilling drama of show girl who turned
revivalist
for money gives inside stuff on phoneys. fake evangelism exposed in a sensational story of crime and faith. she lived a scarlet lie! broadway show girl becomes revivalist. . in a drama of night clubs and camp meetings that packs a mighty heart wallop. (and for those who couldn' t guess the ending); she laughed at
suckers
who fell for her
line
... and fell herself for the oldest
line
of all. monogram and prc had better ideas regarding taglines on their posters; write something enticing that had nothing at all to do with the film being shown .
charles dickens’s holiday masterpiece was first published on december 19, 1843. it’s a beautiful tale of love, kindness and redemption. i’ll admit, it took me a long time to finally read this book. in fact, i picked it up for the very first time only about 5 years ago. like most people, i’ve seen a number of film incarnations, and i was surprised by the length of the original story. not long by dickens’s standards, to be sure! still, a 90 - minute film can’t illustrate the entire book. but it’s a beautiful narration on life, no matter how you’re exposed to it .
: r' egardless - of the means employed for supplying the heat, the temperature' at' the surface of whn heating by radiant. hea t the heatwithoutv any distortion of the surface of the film' and a ifilm having a perfectly smooth surface will be formed. this film will be clear and brilliant .
in apparatus ofboth figs. 1 and 2 the cylindrical shell or pulley 1', la. which is nearest to the spreading blade is internally cooled with cold water so as to cool down the belt in order (1) to prevent bubble formation which results when cement is spread upon too hot a belt surface, and (2) to cool and set the film before the stripoff to prevent the distortion of the film which would occur if it were stripped when too hot. a stream of cold air impinging upon the film for a few feet before the strip - off may be desirable to aid in cooling down the film .
6. the method of producing clear rubber hydrochloride film from a cement of rubber - hydrochloride in a low boiling solvent, which comprises supplying sufficient heat to the surface of the freshly cast film of cement during the rapid evaporation of solvent therefrom to prevent pre -' mature solidification of the rubber hydrochloride at said surface .
there has been endless debate about the crises of 1938 - germany' s move on austria, the carve - up of czechoslovakia, and the violence against jews on kristallnacht. what were hitler' s aims? did neville chamberlain have any choice at munich? seventy years later, scholars have finally agreed on some conclusions. by ian kershaw
was chamberlain merely buying time, as he still claimed in 1940, when he remained adamant he had done the right thing? what would have happened had britain gone to war over czechoslovakia in the autumn of 1938? no military aid from britain or france would have been forthcoming for czechoslovakia. probably hitler' s forces would have quickly vanquished the czechs (as war games predicted). internal opposition in germany would have come to nothing. a phoney war somewhat similar to 1938 - 39 would have set in a year earlier. true, german forces and defences in autumn 1938 were nowhere near as strong as they were by spring 1940. but britain' s forces were at that time proportionally still weaker. given the pressure to act, the weakness of his adversaries, and his own temperament, hitler would probably have invaded france in 1939, which would have necessitated some (temporary) deal in the east with the poles or the russians. the french may well have caved in as they did in 1940 .
, a screwball mystery featuring glenda farrell and otto kruger as the detective couple. unfortunately, the screenplay gives the couple’s relationship no time to develop, and the mystery gets short shrift until the very last part of the film. based on an unpublished story by george l. bilson called “candid camera girl, ” it’s an odd little film that doesn’t seem to have a narrative center. ostensibly the film is built around farrell’s character, a wisecracking magazine photographer reminiscent of the reporter she played in
an interesting period picec showing us what was amazing in 1938. gosh, ma, a fake accident ring suing for $ 25, 000! !! i guess projected into the 21st century it would amount to a lot of money. the acting would amount to pure 21st century ham. nice to see the president as a hard - working newcomer .
' jvarious means for casting the film' on the belt are knowniin the: art. the rubber hydrochloride may be supplied to the casting surface through any such means symbolized: by the spreading knifei l the temperature required to prevent premature' solidification of the exposed surface of the film will depend upon the solvent used, the solids content 0f the cement, etc. the exact temperature at the surface
of the cement cannot be accurately - measured this is best described by referring to the temperature the cement under the surface which was measured byia thermocouple. the following data is illustrative of the results obtained with radiant heat. using a benzene ce' ment of rubber hydrochloride (about 30% chlorine content), operating the beltat about 65 - 70. feetip' er minute, if the cement under the film surfaceis kept around i30 i. in traveling the first thirty inches: from the knife: there will' not flue sufiicient
- solidification at the surface to appreciably affect the clarity of the film produced. t i
the invention and development of motion pictures in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was rapidly followed by considerations of its potential as a consumer product in home entertainment. however, problems with size, price and safety meant that in order for movies to be a marketable commodity, certain adjustments needed to be made. at the time, standard film was 35mm wide and nitrate - based, requiring large equipment and expensive processing. it was also highly flammable. because of this, efforts were focused on reducing the size of both film and film equipment, as well as on developing a non - nitrate
safety
film which would eliminate the possible risk of fire in the home .
film critic dennis schwartz explains why the film is considered a film noir :
the poignancy of the story is in how an innocent, hard - working person like mike, could have his whole life turned upside - down over an incident where he makes an error in judgment. when he tells his boss (lummis) about it, he has no explanation why he didn' t report it immediately except he couldn' t understand how so much money was missing. this slip - up is why mike becomes a
i’m not familiar with the george c. scott film, but i’ll certainly have to check it out this year as you’ve recommended it to me a number of times before .
in 1965, eastman kodak released its new line of super 8 film and kodak instamatic movie cameras. the cameras featured 50 - feet of drop - load kodachrome ii super 8 film housed in a black plastic cartridge known as a
kodapack .
this cartridge was extremely easy to load, as the film no longer had to be threaded in the camera or flipped. each super 8 camera also had a built - in filter allowing
type - a
( tungsten) film to be used in different kinds of light, eliminating the need for both
daylight
and
type - a
film forms. notches on the front edge of the film cartridge would automatically indicate whether the filter was needed. these notches also indicated the speed of the film. the cameras themselves had a die - cast metal body and were operated by a battery - powered motor, which replaced the need for a hand - crank. kodak' s different models - - the m2, m4 and m6 - - had different lenses, with the top - of - the - line model including a 12 to 36mm zoom lens and reflex through - the - lens viewing. the models were priced at $ 46. 50, $ 69. 50 and $ 174. 50, respectively. while bell & howell offered competing super 8 models, kodaks were unquestionably the most popular .
but there are many other newspapers covering the story, and with kruger is back in the district attorney’s office the truth is bound to come out. what farrell doesn’t put together is the fact that, if the wrong man was executed for murder, then the real murderer must still be out there and could also have something to do with the daughter’s death as well. director harold schuster began his career in the sound era as a film editor, and this was only his sixth film and his second for universal. frankly, his style is not very good. he uses very few close ups, but almost all of the film is two shots and full frame exteriors that are reminiscent of poverty row productions. glenda farrell and otto kruger are tremendous actors and if there is any value in the film at all in this film it is because of them. herbert mundin does fine for what he’s given, but it’s nothing that any good character actor could have done. the rest of the cast is decidedly sub - par, and the screenplay doesn’t help. the mystery and the romance should both have been amped up and made the driving force of the film. as it is ,
if you’ve never seen this film, please, please find a copy and watch it this year. i promise you won’t be disappointed. and the dvd is only $ 5 from amazon! it’s even available on blu - ray now. it’s an old film, but the quality is amazing and the content is superb. even the special effects with bob marley’s ghost are nothing to sneeze at !
the ease, accessibility and affordability of super 8 made it an ideal technology for home movie makers. but super 8 would also become indispensable for scientists and anthropologists. the addition of magnetic sound stripping to super 8 film stock in 1973 would help solidify its role as an easily transportable and complete tool for use in capturing a
permanent
film record of the world' s many different cultures .
in fig. 1, electrically heated units, 6, are shown for supplying the required heat by radiation. units with a blackened surface are suitable for the purpose. they are preferably located as close to the surface of the film as possible, in order to take. advantage of heat conduction as well as radiation. the units nearest the knife 4, which are the units above the freshly cast film are hotter than the rest of the units. the temperature to which the surface of these units is to be heated will depend upon their area, their distance from the film, etc .
nat and nettie mcgavin were from glasgow and were keen amateur filmmakers. they were founder members of the scottish association of amateur cinematographers, and won prizes on many occasions at the scottish amateur film festival .
is the latest edition of the nfb' s indigenous short film inititiative. this edition helped four inuit youth hone the creative skills and tell their stories, offering viewers insightful perspectives on life in nunavut .
the temperatures given are as accurate as the measuring means permitted. the above temperatures at least approximate those to be maintained whether radiant heat alone is employed or whether all of the heat is supplied through the belt. the minimum permissible temperature may vary somewhat depending upon the concentration of the cement, degree of reaction of the rubber hydrochloride, the temperature of the inlet and exit gas and vapors, the solvent employed, etc. the proper temperature for any particular set of conditions is readily obtainable by experimentation, once it is appreciated that clear film may be produced if premature solidification of the exposed surface is prevented .
kodak' s prime competitor, bell & howell, released their own 8mm camera in 1935, the filmo straight eight, which sold for $ 69. unlike kodak' s model, bell & howell used pre - split 8mm film to produce an even more compact, lightweight camera. in 1938, the universal camera corporation put out an incredibly inexpensive single 8mm camera for only $ 9. 95, with a companion projector for $ 14. 95. the overall reduction of size and cost, and increased accessibility made 8mm the favorite format for hobby amateur filmmaking, a format that would remain essentially untouched for nearly 30 years .
potassium iodide oz 3 resublimed iodine oz. 1 water oz 64 the film is allowed to remain in this solution for five minutes or more after which it is washed and dried and is ready for use .
before 1938 there was no incompatibility between hitler' s long - term goals and the interests of the military (and other sections of the power elite) in the build - up of german armed force, renewed national strength and standing, and the profits to be made from an expanding armaments industry. but, as would become ever more apparent from 1938 onwards, hitler was not just following traditional lines of german policy. taylor' s characteristic throwaway line that
in international affairs there was nothing wrong with hitler except that he was a german
( leaving aside the fact that he was actually austrian) is misleading. hitler could indeed build on expansionist traditions in the german power elite. but his increasingly unassailable leadership position and his racial obsessions distorted those traditions, then took policy into uncharted territory as the war progressed - producing ultimately the moral and physical ruination of his country .
i agree that mgm mounted an amazingly good adaptation in 1938. the only other version that i’m truly fond of, in fact, is the 1984 one with george c. scott. it’s very faithful to the book, and scott did an impressive job bringing scrooge to life without overplaying him (as many less talented actors are apt to do). the ’38 one is a nice, economical version of the tale, but it feels rich. it hits all the most important aspects of the story, and as you point out, it’s so perfectly cast. with so many legendary actors, and such marvelous photography and direction, this film is the golden age of hollywood in a nutshell .
solidification should preferably commence about ten' feet from the knife 4 and at this point the temperature of the cement under the surface of the film may preferably be about 120 f.' according to a preferred procedure the evaporation of solvent is so controlled that the film 1eaving the first drying chamber contains no more than about 2 to 6% of benzene. thefilm is then removed from the belt and the balance of the solvent evaporated in the second drying chamber .
looking back at 1938, we see
old europe
approaching its end, before war enveloped it and before the entry on to the scene of the superpowers that would determine the ruined continent' s postwar destiny. it is not a pretty sight - a europe of bitterly competing nations, riven by the age - old clashes for dominance, now taking place in an era of hyper - nationalism with its attendant imperialist ambitions, buttressed by the technologies of total war and mass death .
even though i can be found blubbering before the opening credits have even finished, it’s this church scene that is truly the most magical part of the film. the shot shifts from fred and bess to bob cratchit and tiny tim .
the german takeover in austria left czechoslovakia completely exposed. and it was even more important than austria as far as german expansionist aims were concerned. but german aggression was fraught with danger. since france was treaty - bound to back czechoslovakia in the event of aggression, and britain was allied with france, a german attack ran the high risk of european war. the soviet union, too, had treaty obligations with the czechs and had indicated its willingness to help the french .
thanks so much, boss! your initial reaction to the post (and subsequent reaction to the final draft) was priceless. made it all worthwhile. you of all people know how much i love this film, not just for christmas, but as a film in general. it’s not as well known as i’d like it to be (and as it should be) so i felt like it was high time that i gave it the ol’ seeker of truth treatment .
for many people, i think the christmas spirits are the heart and soul of “a christmas carol”. but not for me. my favourite thing about this film is how much time they devote to the very much in love couple, fred and bess .
tering the chamber may be the same as
that of the air and vapors leaving the chamber, in which caseall the heat will be supplied from som other source. or the air. may enter the chamber at a higher temperature than that at which the gases and vapors leave. the heat in the air may supplement heat supplied from some other source. radiant heat may be satisfactorily employed to supply all or part of the heat required in the first drying chamber. electrically or steam heated platesmaybe used for this purpose and the individual units may be heated to different temperatures soas to vary the temperature to which the film is subjected as theevaporation of solvent progresses. the unit or units located above the freshly cast cement must be maintained at a higher surfacetemperature inorder to furnish heat sufficient to prevent premature solidification. use of radiant heat differs from the use of heated gas to evaporate solvent because in the latter case there is a. thin film of gas adjacent the' surface of the film of cement which is more or less stagnant and the transfer of heat from the gas to the film is hindered by this layer of gas. - passe' sthrough the overlying
gas and through the surface of the film and heats the may of the film of cement directly. the film may be cast on a meta' l belt or cylindlib' a' l shell, and all or part of the heat required for evaporation' oft' he solvent may. be conveyed to. the cement film from the metal belt. the heat may be supplied
to the belt by any suitable means. electric, steam, or hot water
heaters, located adjacent the surface of the belt opposite that on which the film is carriedma' y be used for this purpose or the metal' belt may be heated by electric induction methods. the
belt may be heated from theseheaters by radiant heat or by direct contact. the heaters may extend the whole length of the belt or they may be' loc' ated' at intervals. it is preferable to supply the heat to the metal belt from' different units, heatedtodifierent temperatures; so that the temperaturec' f - the belt atvarious stages of the drying -; operation can be carefully - controlled the temperature of heaters located under that portion of the belt which supports - the freshly cast cement, or adjacent that portion of the belt which ismoving in' to position to receivethe freshly cast cement, will be so adjusted that the surface of the freshly cast film will not solidify prematurely. v
the studio had sunk a significant amount of money into the film and the sets had already been built, so they asked barrymore’s advice on who he thought should replace him. he picked reginald owen, and the rest, as they say, is history .
for most who plan on attending showings of j. j. abrams' much anticipated summer monster flick, super 8, the historical and technological importance of super 8 as a revolutionary film innovation will mean next to nothing. similarly, it is unlikely anyone will give a thought to how super 8 is different from any other film stock, other than maybe considering it an archaic design no longer relevant or useful in the digital age. in response, we present an analysis of the history and use of super 8 .
adrianna link is an intern at the human studies film archives, part of the smithsonian institution' s national museum of natural history. she is also a ph. d. student at johns hopkins university in the department of the history of science and technology .
due to thes surface irregularities the film lacked the clarity and brilliance desired in a transparent pellicle designed for packaging and the manufacture of rain - coats, etc. these surface irregularities were found in film cast from different solvents, viz, films cast from chloroform cements' of rubber hydrochloride and films cast from benzene cements of rubber hydrochloride. these two solvents are typical of solvents which have a different action on rubber hydrochloride. chloroform cement do not gel on cooling. other solvents which like chloroform produce cements which do not gel include methylene dichloride ,
in the first drying chamber 1 sufiicient solvent. is evaporated. to produce a film 5 which will support its own weight. ;
1he film is then further dried in the second drying chamber 2 where it is festooned in any suitable manner. heated - air is supplied to both chambers, and air and vapors i are removed from both chambers to a condenser where the solvent is recovered. means for supplying the; gas and removing it through a conde' nseris well known in the art and is therefore hot shown. . t
there was now a stampede to get out of the country, producing a refugee crisis. around 120, 000 escaped over the next few months. but the door to emigration was only partially pushed open. the barriers against acceptance of jewish refugees, recently reinforced at the international conference at evian in france in july 1938, prevented many from getting away. chamberlain agreed to some easing of admission to britain of jewish refugees fleeing germany. but appeasement was only temporarily suspended, not abandoned. he expressed hope that the
moderates
in germany might even now restrain hitler .
this short documentary depicts an aboriginal winnipeg teen’s struggle to stay in school and away from local gangs. filmed over 2 years, the film is a moving portrait of one family trying to break the cycle of addiction, violence and poverty in an environment filled with anger and despair .
' (5) put the matrix plate thus developed in a bath to produce a coating of silver nitrate on the film by soaking it from five to ten minutes, then develop out with an iron sulfate or other developer, after which it is dried and polished with a soft brush .
the shrinkage stresses were (cl. iii - 57) 10 although such films are clear, the heat and time required for the evaporation of such higher boiling solvents makes their use undesirable for commercial film production. the low boiling solvents, i. e. solvents boiling under about 115 0. ,
as with the original, this wonderful film comes to a close in bob cratchit’s house. scrooge, fred and bess have arrived with a feast and gifts. fred’s been made a partner, bob is rehired and gets a raise, and scrooge assures bob’s sons that they all have jobs awaiting them too .
this short film chronicles filmmaker nyla innuksuk' s emotional journey to nunavut to connect with the land of her ancestors and with her inuk father, whom she has not seen in over 20 years. nyla' s return to her igloolik birthplace culminates with a lesson on lighting a qulliq, the traditional inuit oil lamp .
at mme. poulard' s (ann codee), julie is sitting on a stool trapped within a wide, hoop - skirt frame while trying on a white crinoline dress in front of a mirror. exasperated by the uncomfortable, unstylish dress - and to spite preston, she defiantly commands to have the white dress removed. in her underwear, exposed from both sides by the mirror, she insists on wearing and flaunting herself in a
saucy
and
vulgar
red dress, customarily worn by a demi - mondaine - an
infamous vickers woman
- rather than the traditional virginal, pristine white gowns worn by unmarried women:
exposed is a 1938 american drama film starring glenda farrell , otto kruger and herbert mundin . the film was directed by harold d. schuster and is based on george r. bilson 's unpublished story " candid camera girl " . it was released by universal pictures on november 4 , 1938 . a magazine photo-newswoman tried to make amends after exposing a lawyer and complication ensues when they fall in love . 
exposed is a 1938 american drama film starring glenda farrell, otto kruger and herbert mundin. the film was directed by harold d. schuster and is based on george r. bilson's unpublished story " candid camera girl ". it was released by universal pictures on november 4, 1938. a magazine photo-newswoman tried to make amends after exposing a lawyer and complication ensues when they fall in love.
exposed is a 1938 american drama film starring glenda farrell, otto kruger and herbert mundin. the film was directed by harold d. schuster and is based on george r. bilson's unpublished story " candid camera girl ". it was released by universal pictures on november 4, 1938. a magazine photo-newswoman tried to make amends after exposing a lawyer and complication ensues when they fall in love.