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   <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March&nbsp;20, 2025 </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Registration <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;333-&#8195;&#8195;&#8195;</FONT> </B></P>
  <P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:1.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
  <P STYLE="line-height:3.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:18pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>UNITED STATES </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:18pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Washington, D.C. 20549 </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center>
  <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:18pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>FORM <FONT
  STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-8</FONT></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:18pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>REGISTRATION STATEMENT </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><I>UNDER </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><I>THE
  SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 </I></B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:24pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Alto Neuroscience, Inc. </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center>
  <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
  <TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt" ALIGN="center">
  
  
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  <TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B>Delaware</B></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B>83-4210124</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(State or other jurisdiction of</B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>incorporation or organization)</B></P></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(I.R.S. Employer</B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Identification No.)</B></P></TD></TR>
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  <TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>650 Castro Street, Suite 450</B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Mountain View, CA</B></P></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><B>94041</B></TD></TR>
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  <TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B>(Address of Principal Executive Offices)</B></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B>(Zip Code)</B></TD></TR>
  </TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Alto Neuroscience, Inc. 2024 Equity Incentive Plan </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Alto Neuroscience, Inc. 2024 Employee Stock Purchase Plan </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Alto Neuroscience, Inc. 2025 Inducement Plan </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Full titles of the plans) </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Amit Etkin, M.D., Ph.D. </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>President and Chief Executive Officer </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Alto Neuroscience, Inc. </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>650 Castro Street, Suite 450 </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Mountain View, CA 94041 </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Tel: (650) <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">200-0412</FONT></B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service) </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><I>Copies to: </I></B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Divakar Gupta </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Christina
  T. Roupas </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Courtney M.W. Tygesson </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Madison A. Jones </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Cooley
  LLP </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>110 North Wacker Drive </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Suite 4200 </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Chicago, IL
  60606 </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Tel: (312) <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">881-6500</FONT></B></P>
  <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-accelerated</FONT>
  filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#147;large accelerated filer,&#148; &#147;accelerated filer,&#148; &#147;smaller reporting company&#148; and &#147;emerging growth company&#148; in Rule <FONT
  STYLE="white-space:nowrap">12b-2</FONT> of the Exchange Act: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
  <TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">
  
  
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  <TD VALIGN="bottom">Large&nbsp;accelerated&nbsp;filer</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9744;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">Accelerated filer</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9744;</TD></TR>
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  <TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Non-accelerated&nbsp;filer</FONT></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9746;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">Smaller&nbsp;reporting&nbsp;company</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9746;</TD></TR>
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  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
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  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">Emerging growth company</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&#9746;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or
  revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.&#8194;&#9744; </P> <P STYLE="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
  <P STYLE="line-height:1.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:3.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
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   <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>EXPLANATORY NOTE </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This registration statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-8</FONT> (this &#147;Registration Statement&#148;) registers an
  aggregate of 2,119,193 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (&#147;common stock&#148;), of Alto Neuroscience, Inc. (the &#147;Registrant&#148;) consisting of (i) 1,349,328 additional shares issuable under the Registrant&#146;s 2024
  Equity Incentive Plan (the &#147;2024 Plan&#148;) effective January&nbsp;1, 2025, by operation of the 2024 Plan&#146;s &#147;evergreen&#148; provision, (ii) 269,865 additional shares issuable under the Registrant&#146;s 2024 Employee Stock Purchase
  Plan (the &#147;2024 ESPP&#148;) effective January&nbsp;1, 2025, by operation of the 2024 ESPP&#146;s &#147;evergreen&#148; provision, and (iii) 500,000 shares issuable under the Registrant&#146;s 2025 Inducement Plan (the &#147;2025 Inducement
  Plan&#148;) </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to General Instruction E to Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-8,</FONT> and only with respect to the common
  stock being registered under the 2024 Plan and 2024 ESPP, this Registration Statement incorporates by reference the Registrant&#146;s registration statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-8</FONT> filed with the Securities and Exchange
  Commission (the &#147;Commission&#148;) on February&nbsp;6, 2024 (File <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;333-276901)</FONT> as relating to the 2024 Plan and 2024 ESPP, and except to the extent supplemented, amended or superseded by the
  information set forth herein. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>PART I </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE SECTION 10(a) PROSPECTUS </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The information called for by Part I of Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-8</FONT> is omitted from this Registration Statement in
  accordance with Rule 428 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#147;Securities Act&#148;), and the instructions to Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-8.</FONT> In accordance with the rules and regulations of the Commission and the
  instructions to Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-8,</FONT> such documents are not being filed with the Commission either as part of this Registration Statement or as prospectuses or prospectus supplements pursuant to Rule 424 of the
  Securities Act. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>PART II </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Item&#8201;3. Incorporation of Documents by Reference. </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The following documents filed by the Registrant with the Commission are incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement: </P>
  <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
  <TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
  <TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
  <TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(a)</TD>
  <TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">The Registrant&#146;s Annual Report on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1999480/000199948025000025/alto-20241231.htm">Form
   <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT></A> for the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2024, filed with the Commission on March&nbsp;20, 2025; </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
  <TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
  <TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
  <TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(b)</TD>
  <TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">The Registrant&#146;s Current Reports on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> filed with the
  Commission on <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001999480/000119312525007383/d891653d8k.htm">January&nbsp;
  16, 2025</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001999480/000119312525019318/d843857d8k.htm">February&nbsp;
  3, 2025</A>, <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001999480/000119312525024814/d876505d8k.htm">February&nbsp;
  12, 2025</A>, and <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/../../../ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001999480/000199948025000024/alto-20250317.htm">March&nbsp;20, 2025</A>; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
  <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
  <TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
  <TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
  <TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(c)</TD>
  <TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">The description of the Registrant&#146;s common stock contained in&nbsp;
  <A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1999480/000199948025000025/exhibit45-descriptionofsec.htm">Exhibit 4.5</A>&nbsp;in the Registrant&#146;s Annual Report <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">on&nbsp;Form&nbsp;10-K&nbsp;for</FONT> the fiscal
  year ended December&nbsp;31, 2024, filed with the Commission on March&nbsp;20, 2025, including any amendment or report filed with the Commission for the purpose of updating such description. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">All documents subsequently filed by the Registrant pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
  amended (the &#147;Exchange Act&#148;) prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment which indicates that all securities offered have been sold or which deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, shall be deemed to be incorporated by
  reference into this Registration Statement and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents; provided, however, that documents or information, or portions thereof, which are furnished and not filed in accordance with the rules of
  the Commission shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement. Any statement contained herein or in a document, all or a portion of which is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be
  deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Registration Statement to the extent that a statement herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or
  supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not constitute a part of this Registration Statement, except as so modified or superseded. </P>
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   <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Item&#8201;4. Description of Securities. </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Not applicable. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Item&#8201;5. Interests of
  Named Experts and Counsel. </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Entities comprised of partners and associates of Cooley LLP beneficially own an aggregate of 57,569 shares
  of the Registrant&#146;s common stock. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Item&#8201;6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers. </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Section&nbsp;145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law authorizes a court to award, or a corporation&#146;s board of directors to grant,
  indemnity to directors and officers in terms sufficiently broad to permit such indemnification under certain circumstances for liabilities, including reimbursement for expenses incurred, arising under the&nbsp;Securities Act. The Registrant&#146;s
  amended and restated certificate of incorporation permits indemnification of its directors, officers, employees and other agents to the maximum extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, and the Registrant&#146;s amended and restated
  bylaws provide that the Registrant will indemnify its directors and executive officers and permit it to indemnify its other officers, employees, and other agents, in each case to the maximum extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law.
  </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and executive officers, whereby it has agreed to indemnify
  its directors and executive officers to the fullest extent permitted by law, including indemnification against expenses and liabilities incurred in legal proceedings to which the director or executive officer was, or is threatened to be made, a
  party by reason of the fact that such director or executive officer is or was a director, executive officer, employee or agent of the Registrant, provided that such director or executive officer acted in good faith and in a manner that the director
  or executive officer reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interest of the Registrant. At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving a director or executive officer of the Registrant regarding which
  indemnification is sought, nor is the Registrant aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The
  Registrant maintains insurance policies that indemnify its directors and officers against various liabilities arising under the&nbsp;Securities Act&nbsp;and the Exchange Act, that might be incurred by any director or officer in his capacity as such.
  </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Item&#8201;7. Exemption from Registration Claimed. </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Not applicable. </P>
  </DIV></Center>
  
  
  <p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
  <HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
  
  
  <Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
   <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Item&#8201;8. Exhibits. </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
  <TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">
  
  
  <TR>
  
  <TD></TD>
  
  <TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="5%"></TD>
  <TD WIDTH="92%"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
  <TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Exhibit</B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Number</B></P></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><B>Description</B></TD></TR>
  
  
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;4.1</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1999480/000119312524025266/d736911dex31.htm">Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant&#146;s Current
   Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> filed on February&nbsp;6, 2024). </A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;4.2</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1999480/000119312524025266/d736911dex32.htm">Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant&#146;s Current Report on Form <FONT
  STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> filed on February&nbsp;6, 2024). </A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;4.3</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1999480/000119312524017403/d204454dex41.htm">Form of Common Stock Certificate of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant&#146;s Registration Statement on
   Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-1/A</FONT> (File <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;333-276495),</FONT> originally filed on January&nbsp;29, 2024). </A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&#8199;5.1*</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="d809572dex51.htm">Opinion of Cooley LLP. </A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>23.1*</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="d809572dex231.htm">Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. </A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>23.2*</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="d809572dex51.htm">Consent of Cooley LLP. Reference is made to Exhibit 5.1. </A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>24.1*</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="d809572ds8.htm#sig">Power of Attorney. Reference is made to the signature page hereto. </A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>99.1</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1999480/000119312524025355/d707576dex993.htm">2024 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 of the Registrant&#146;s Registration Statement on Form <FONT
  STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-8</FONT> (File <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;333-276901)</FONT> filed on February&nbsp;6, 2024). </A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>99.2</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1999480/000119312524017403/d204454dex104.htm">Form of Option Grant Notice and Agreement, and Exercise Notice under the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4
   to the Registrant&#146;s Registration Statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-1/A</FONT> (File <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;333-276495),</FONT> filed with the Commission on January&nbsp;29, 2024). </A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>99.3</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1999480/000119312524017403/d204454dex105.htm">Form of RSU Award Grant Notice and Agreement under the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant&#146;s
   Registration Statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-1/A</FONT> (File <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;333-276495),</FONT> filed with the Commission on January&nbsp;29, 2024). </A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>99.4</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1999480/000119312524025355/d707576dex996.htm">2024 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.6 of the Registrant&#146;s Registration Statement on Form <FONT
  STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-8</FONT> (File <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;333-276901)</FONT> filed on February&nbsp;6, 2024). </A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>99.5*</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="d809572dex995.htm">2025 Inducement Plan. </A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>99.6*</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="d809572dex996.htm">Form of Stock Option Grant Notice, Option Agreement, and Notice of Exercise under the 2025 Inducement Plan. </A></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>107*</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top"><A HREF="d809572dexfilingfees.htm">Filing Fee Table. </A></TD></TR>
  </TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
  <TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
  <TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
  <TD WIDTH="2%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">*</TD>
  <TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Filed herewith. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Item&#8201;9. Undertakings. </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) The undersigned
  Registrant hereby undertakes: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this
  Registration Statement: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) To include any prospectus required by Section&nbsp;10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; </P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent
  post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities
  offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed </P>
  </DIV></Center>
  
  
  <p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
  <HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
  
  
  <Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
   <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
  that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule
  424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &#147;Calculation of Registration Fee&#148; table in the effective Registration Statement; and
  </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement
  or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>Provided, however</I>, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) do not apply
  if the Registration Statement is on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-8,</FONT> and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by
  the Registrant pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or Section&nbsp;15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement. </P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a
  new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. </P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the
  termination of the offering. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act,
  each filing of the Registrant&#146;s annual report pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a) or Section&nbsp;15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&#146;s annual report pursuant to Section&nbsp;15(d) of the
  Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered herein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the
  initial bona fide offering thereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors,
  officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities
  Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the
  successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been
  settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
  </P>
  </DIV></Center>
  
  
  <p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
  <HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
  
  
  <Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
   <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><A NAME="sig"></A>SIGNATURES </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the
  requirements for filing on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-8</FONT> and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Mountain View, State of California,
  on this 20th day of March, 2025. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
  <TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  
  
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  <TD WIDTH="7%"></TD>
  
  <TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
  <TD WIDTH="92%"></TD></TR>
  
  
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><B>ALTO NEUROSCIENCE, INC.</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">By:</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE=" BORDER-BOTTOM:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="BORDER-BOTTOM:1px solid #000000">/s/ Amit Etkin</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">Amit Etkin, M.D., Ph.D.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">President and Chief Executive Officer</TD></TR>
  </TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>POWER OF ATTORNEY </B></P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">KNOW ALL BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Amit Etkin, M.D., Ph.D. and Nicholas Smith
  and each of them, as his or her true and lawful <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">attorney-in-fact</FONT></FONT> and agents, each with the full power of substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place or
  stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this registration statement (including post-effective amendments), and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and
  Exchange Commission, granting unto said <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">attorney-in-fact</FONT></FONT> and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite
  and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said
  <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">attorney-in-fact</FONT></FONT> and agents, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. </P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons
  in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </P>
  </DIV></Center>
  
  
  <p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
  <HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
  
  
  <Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
  
  <TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  
  
  <TR>
  
  <TD WIDTH="38%"></TD>
  
  <TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
  <TD WIDTH="44%"></TD>
  
  <TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
  <TD WIDTH="16%"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
  <TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Signatures</B></P></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Title</B></P></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Date</B></P></TD></TR>
  
  
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Amit Etkin</P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Amit Etkin, M.D., Ph.D.</P></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chair of the Board of Directors</P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><I>(Principal Executive Officer)</I></P></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">March&nbsp;20, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Nicholas Smith</P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Nicholas Smith</P></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Chief Financial Officer and Chief Business Officer</P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><I>(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)</I></P></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">March&nbsp;20, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Po Yu Chen</P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Po Yu (Jeff) Chen, Ph.D.</P></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">March&nbsp;20, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Christopher Nixon Cox</P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Christopher Nixon Cox</P></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">March&nbsp;20, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Andrew Dreyfus</P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Andrew Dreyfus</P></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">March&nbsp;20, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Husseini Manji</P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Husseini Manji, M.D.</P></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">March&nbsp;20, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Maha Radhakrishnan</P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Maha Radhakrishnan, M.D.</P></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">March&nbsp;20, 2025</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
  <TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
  <TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
  <TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Gwill York</P>
  <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Gwill York</P></TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP ALIGN="center">March&nbsp;20, 2025</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
  </DIV></Center>
  
  </BODY></HTML>
metadata_documents: [{"type": "S-8", "sequence": "1", "filename": "d809572ds8.htm", "description": "S-8", "secsgml_size_bytes": 49561}]
metadata_filer: {"company-data": {"conformed-name": "Alto Neuroscience, Inc.", "cik": "0001999480", "assigned-sic": "2834", "organization-name": "03 Life Sciences", "irs-number": "834210124", "state-of-incorporation": "DE", "fiscal-year-end": "1231"}, "filing-values": {"form-type": "S-8", "act": "33", "file-number": "333-285978", "film-number": "25757771"}, "business-address": {"street1": "650 CASTRO STREET, SUITE 450", "city": "MOUNTAIN VIEW", "state": "CA", "zip": "94041", "phone": "773-255-5012"}, "mail-address": {"street1": "650 CASTRO STREET, SUITE 450", "city": "MOUNTAIN VIEW", "state": "CA", "zip": "94041"}}
text: S-8
  As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 20, 2025
  Registration
  No. 333-
  UNITED STATES
  SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
  Washington, D.C. 20549
  FORM
  S-8
  REGISTRATION STATEMENT
  UNDER
  THE
  SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
  Alto Neuroscience, Inc.
  (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
  Delaware
  83-4210124
  (State or other jurisdiction of
  incorporation or organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
  Identification No.)
  650 Castro Street, Suite 450
  Mountain View, CA
  94041
  (Address of Principal Executive Offices)
  (Zip Code)
  Alto Neuroscience, Inc. 2024 Equity Incentive Plan
  Alto Neuroscience, Inc. 2024 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
  Alto Neuroscience, Inc. 2025 Inducement Plan
  (Full titles of the plans)
  Amit Etkin, M.D., Ph.D.
  President and Chief Executive Officer
  Alto Neuroscience, Inc.
  650 Castro Street, Suite 450
  Mountain View, CA 94041
  Tel: (650)
  200-0412
  (Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
  Copies to:
  Divakar Gupta
  Christina
  T. Roupas
  Courtney M.W. Tygesson
  Madison A. Jones
  Cooley
  LLP
  110 North Wacker Drive
  Suite 4200
  Chicago, IL
  60606
  Tel: (312)
  881-6500
  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
  non-accelerated
  filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule
  12b-2
  of the Exchange Act:
  Large accelerated filer
  ☐
  Accelerated filer
  ☐
  Non-accelerated filer
  ☒
  Smaller reporting company
  ☒
  Emerging growth company
  ☒
  If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or
  revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
  EXPLANATORY NOTE
  This registration statement on Form
  S-8
  (this "Registration Statement") registers an
  aggregate of 2,119,193 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share ("common stock"), of Alto Neuroscience, Inc. (the "Registrant") consisting of (i) 1,349,328 additional shares issuable under the Registrant's 2024
  Equity Incentive Plan (the "2024 Plan") effective January 1, 2025, by operation of the 2024 Plan's "evergreen" provision, (ii) 269,865 additional shares issuable under the Registrant's 2024 Employee Stock Purchase
  Plan (the "2024 ESPP") effective January 1, 2025, by operation of the 2024 ESPP's "evergreen" provision, and (iii) 500,000 shares issuable under the Registrant's 2025 Inducement Plan (the "2025 Inducement
  Plan")
  Pursuant to General Instruction E to Form
  S-8,
  and only with respect to the common
  stock being registered under the 2024 Plan and 2024 ESPP, this Registration Statement incorporates by reference the Registrant's registration statement on Form
  S-8
  filed with the Securities and Exchange
  Commission (the "Commission") on February 6, 2024 (File
  No. 333-276901)
  as relating to the 2024 Plan and 2024 ESPP, and except to the extent supplemented, amended or superseded by the
  information set forth herein.
  PART I
  INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE SECTION 10(a) PROSPECTUS
  The information called for by Part I of Form
  S-8
  is omitted from this Registration Statement in
  accordance with Rule 428 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and the instructions to Form
  S-8.
  In accordance with the rules and regulations of the Commission and the
  instructions to Form
  S-8,
  such documents are not being filed with the Commission either as part of this Registration Statement or as prospectuses or prospectus supplements pursuant to Rule 424 of the
  Securities Act.
  PART II
  INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
  Item 3. Incorporation of Documents by Reference.
  The following documents filed by the Registrant with the Commission are incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement:
  (a)
  The Registrant's Annual Report on
  Form
  10-K
  for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Commission on March 20, 2025;
  (b)
  The Registrant's Current Reports on Form
  8-K
  filed with the
  Commission on
  January 
  16, 2025
  ,
  February 
  3, 2025
  ,
  February 
  12, 2025
  , and
  March 20, 2025
  ; and
  (c)
  The description of the Registrant's common stock contained in
  Exhibit 4.5
  in the Registrant's Annual Report
  on Form 10-K for
  the fiscal
  year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Commission on March 20, 2025, including any amendment or report filed with the Commission for the purpose of updating such description.
  All documents subsequently filed by the Registrant pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
  amended (the "Exchange Act") prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment which indicates that all securities offered have been sold or which deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, shall be deemed to be incorporated by
  reference into this Registration Statement and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents; provided, however, that documents or information, or portions thereof, which are furnished and not filed in accordance with the rules of
  the Commission shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement. Any statement contained herein or in a document, all or a portion of which is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be
  deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Registration Statement to the extent that a statement herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or
  supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not constitute a part of this Registration Statement, except as so modified or superseded.
  Item 4. Description of Securities.
  Not applicable.
  Item 5. Interests of
  Named Experts and Counsel.
  Entities comprised of partners and associates of Cooley LLP beneficially own an aggregate of 57,569 shares
  of the Registrant's common stock.
  Item 6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
  Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law authorizes a court to award, or a corporation's board of directors to grant,
  indemnity to directors and officers in terms sufficiently broad to permit such indemnification under certain circumstances for liabilities, including reimbursement for expenses incurred, arising under the Securities Act. The Registrant's
  amended and restated certificate of incorporation permits indemnification of its directors, officers, employees and other agents to the maximum extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, and the Registrant's amended and restated
  bylaws provide that the Registrant will indemnify its directors and executive officers and permit it to indemnify its other officers, employees, and other agents, in each case to the maximum extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law.
  The Registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and executive officers, whereby it has agreed to indemnify
  its directors and executive officers to the fullest extent permitted by law, including indemnification against expenses and liabilities incurred in legal proceedings to which the director or executive officer was, or is threatened to be made, a
  party by reason of the fact that such director or executive officer is or was a director, executive officer, employee or agent of the Registrant, provided that such director or executive officer acted in good faith and in a manner that the director
  or executive officer reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interest of the Registrant. At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving a director or executive officer of the Registrant regarding which
  indemnification is sought, nor is the Registrant aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification.
  The
  Registrant maintains insurance policies that indemnify its directors and officers against various liabilities arising under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, that might be incurred by any director or officer in his capacity as such.
  Item 7. Exemption from Registration Claimed.
  Not applicable.
  Item 8. Exhibits.
  Exhibit
  Number
  Description
  4.1
  Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant's Current
   Report on Form
  8-K
  filed on February 6, 2024).
  4.2
  Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form
  8-K
  filed on February 6, 2024).
  4.3
  Form of Common Stock Certificate of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on
   Form
  S-1/A
  (File
  No. 333-276495),
  originally filed on January 29, 2024).
  5.1*
  Opinion of Cooley LLP.
  23.1*
  Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
  23.2*
  Consent of Cooley LLP. Reference is made to Exhibit 5.1.
  24.1*
  Power of Attorney. Reference is made to the signature page hereto.
  99.1
  2024 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
  S-8
  (File
  No. 333-276901)
  filed on February 6, 2024).
  99.2
  Form of Option Grant Notice and Agreement, and Exercise Notice under the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4
   to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
  S-1/A
  (File
  No. 333-276495),
  filed with the Commission on January 29, 2024).
  99.3
  Form of RSU Award Grant Notice and Agreement under the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's
   Registration Statement on Form
  S-1/A
  (File
  No. 333-276495),
  filed with the Commission on January 29, 2024).
  99.4
  2024 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.6 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
  S-8
  (File
  No. 333-276901)
  filed on February 6, 2024).
  99.5*
  2025 Inducement Plan.
  99.6*
  Form of Stock Option Grant Notice, Option Agreement, and Notice of Exercise under the 2025 Inducement Plan.
  107*
  Filing Fee Table.
  *
  Filed herewith.
  Item 9. Undertakings.
  (a) The undersigned
  Registrant hereby undertakes:
  (1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this
  Registration Statement:
  (i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
  (ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent
  post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities
  offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed
  that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule
  424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee" table in the effective Registration Statement; and
  (iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement
  or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement.
  Provided, however
  , that paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) do not apply
  if the Registration Statement is on Form
  S-8,
  and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by
  the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement.
  (2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a
  new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
  (3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the
  termination of the offering.
  (b) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act,
  each filing of the Registrant's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the
  Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered herein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the
  initial bona fide offering thereof.
  (c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors,
  officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities
  Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the
  successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been
  settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
  SIGNATURES
  Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the
  requirements for filing on Form
  S-8
  and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Mountain View, State of California,
  on this 20th day of March, 2025.
  ALTO NEUROSCIENCE, INC.
  By:
  /s/ Amit Etkin
  Amit Etkin, M.D., Ph.D.
  President and Chief Executive Officer
  POWER OF ATTORNEY
  KNOW ALL BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Amit Etkin, M.D., Ph.D. and Nicholas Smith
  and each of them, as his or her true and lawful
  attorney-in-fact
  and agents, each with the full power of substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place or
  stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this registration statement (including post-effective amendments), and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and
  Exchange Commission, granting unto said
  attorney-in-fact
  and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite
  and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said
  attorney-in-fact
  and agents, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
  Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons
  in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
  Signatures
  Title
  Date
  /s/ Amit Etkin
  Amit Etkin, M.D., Ph.D.
  President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chair of the Board of Directors
  (Principal Executive Officer)
  March 20, 2025
  /s/ Nicholas Smith
  Nicholas Smith
  Chief Financial Officer and Chief Business Officer
  (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
  March 20, 2025
  /s/ Po Yu Chen
  Po Yu (Jeff) Chen, Ph.D.
  Director
  March 20, 2025
  /s/ Christopher Nixon Cox
  Christopher Nixon Cox
  Director
  March 20, 2025
  /s/ Andrew Dreyfus
  Andrew Dreyfus
  Director
  March 20, 2025
  /s/ Husseini Manji
  Husseini Manji, M.D.
  Director
  March 20, 2025
  /s/ Maha Radhakrishnan
  Maha Radhakrishnan, M.D.
  Director
  March 20, 2025
  /s/ Gwill York
  Gwill York
  Director
  March 20, 2025