<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>S-8</TITLE>
</HEAD>
 <BODY BGCOLOR="WHITE">

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May&nbsp;27</B>, <B>2016</B><B>
</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Registration No.&nbsp;333-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:1.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:3.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:18pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Washington, D.C. 20549 </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center>
<P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:18pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>FORM S-8
</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:18pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>REGISTRATION STATEMENT </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><I>UNDER </I></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><I>THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 </I></B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:24pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ROYAL BANK OF CANADA </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center>
<P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="34%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="32%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="32%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B>Canada</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B>6029</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><B>Not Applicable</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Province or Other Jurisdiction of</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Incorporation or Organization)</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Primary Standard Industrial Classification)</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Code Number (if applicable))</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(if applicable)</B></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>200 Bay Street </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Royal Bank Plaza </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Toronto
Ontario </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>M5J 2J5 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Attention: Aglaya Redekopp, Senior Counsel and Assistant Secretary </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(416) 974-4789 </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Address
and telephone number of Registrant&#146;s principal executive offices) </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ROYAL BANK OF CANADA US WEALTH ACCUMULATION PLAN </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>ROYAL BANK OF CANADA EMPLOYEE DEFERRED ADVANTAGE PLAN </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Full title of the plan) </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Royal Bank of Canada </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>3
World Financial Center </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>200 Vesey Street </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>New York, New York 10281 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Attention: Daniel L. Torbenson </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Chief Counsel, U.S. Regulatory and Corporate Services </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(212) 432-9264 </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>(Name,
address, (including zip code) and telephone number (including area code) of agent for service in the United States) </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center>
<P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><I>Copies to:
</I></B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="50%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="48%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Paul Guthrie</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Assistant General Counsel</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Royal Bank of Canada</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>200
Bay Street</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Toronto, Ontario</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Canada M5J 2J5</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Sandra Cohen</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Cohen &amp; Buckmann pc</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>200 Park Avenue &#150; Suite 1700</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>New York, New York 10166<BR></B></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller
reporting company. See the definitions of &#147;large accelerated filer,&#148; &#147;accelerated filer&#148; and &#147;smaller reporting company&#148; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="16%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="60%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="20%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="1%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Large&nbsp;accelerated&nbsp;filer</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:WINGDINGS">&#120;</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Accelerated&nbsp;filer</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:WINGDINGS">&#168;</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Non-accelerated filer</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:WINGDINGS">&#168;</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Smaller&nbsp;reporting&nbsp;company</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"><FONT STYLE="FONT-FAMILY:WINGDINGS">&#168;</FONT></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;page-break-before:always"></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:4pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="39%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD COLSPAN="9" VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Title of each class of</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>securities to be registered</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Amount<BR></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>to be<BR>registered</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000"><B>Proposed<BR>maximum<BR>offering price<BR>per share</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Proposed<BR>maximum<BR>aggregate</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>offering&nbsp;price</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Amount&nbsp;of</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>registration&nbsp;fee</B></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Deferred Compensation Obligations
(1)</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;U.S.$200,000,000&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">100%</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;U.S.$200,000,000&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;U.S.$20,140(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Common Shares</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">(3)</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&#151;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&#151;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000">None</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD COLSPAN="9" VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD COLSPAN="9" VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">(1)</P></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">The Deferred Compensation Obligations are unsecured obligations of Royal Bank of Canada to pay deferred
compensation in the future, which may in whole or in part consist of its Common Shares (defined below), in accordance with the terms of the Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada US Wealth Accumulation Plan, effective from and after
January&nbsp;1, 2016 and the Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada Employee Deferred Advantage Plan, effective from and after January&nbsp;1, 2016 (collectively, the &#147;Plans&#148;). </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">(2)</P></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">The amount registered is based upon an estimate of the amount of compensation to be deferred by participants
under the Plans, estimated to be U.S.$100,000,000 for each Plan, and is estimated solely for purposes of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(h) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">(3)</P></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">The indeterminate number of Common Shares that may be delivered to participants in the Plans in the future in
accordance with the terms of the Plans. No registration fee is required for such Common Shares because they will be delivered for no additional consideration. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:1.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:3.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>

<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>PART I </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE SECTION 10(a</B>) <B>PROSPECTUS</B><B> </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify"><B>Item&nbsp;1. Plan Information </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">The documents containing information specified in Part I of Form S-8 will be sent or given to employees of the Registrant participating under
the Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada US Wealth Accumulation Plan effective from and after January&nbsp;1, 2016 and the Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada Employee Deferred Advantage Plan effective from and after January&nbsp;1, 2016
(collectively, the &#147;Plans&#148;) as specified by Rule 428(b)(1) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#147;Securities Act&#148;). Such documents are not required to be, and are not, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the &#147;Commission&#148;) either as part of this Registration Statement or as prospectuses or prospectus supplements pursuant to Rule 424 of the Securities Act. Those documents and the documents incorporated by reference into this Registration
Statement pursuant to Item&nbsp;3 of Part II of this Registration Statement, taken together, constitute a prospectus that meets the requirements of Section&nbsp;10(a) of the Securities Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify"><B>Item&nbsp;2. Registrant Information and Employee Plan Annual Information </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Upon written or oral request, any of the documents incorporated by reference in Item&nbsp;3 of Part II of this Registration Statement (which
documents are incorporated by reference in the Section&nbsp;10(a) prospectus), other documents required to be delivered to eligible participants pursuant to Rule 428(b) or additional information about the Plans are available without charge. Requests
should be directed to Investor Relations, Royal Bank of Canada at 200 Bay Street, North Tower, Toronto, Ontario Canada M5J 2J5 (telephone: (416)&nbsp;955-7803), or by visiting <U>www.rbc.com/investorrelations</U>. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">-1- </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>PART II </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>INFORMATION REQUIRED IN REGISTRATION STATEMENT </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify"><B>Item&nbsp;3. Incorporation of Documents by Reference </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">The Registrant hereby incorporates by reference into this Registration Statement the following documents previously filed with the Commission
pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#147;Exchange Act&#148;): </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">1.</P></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">The Registrant&#146;s Annual Report on Form 40-F for the fiscal year ended October&nbsp;31, 2015 (the
&#147;Form 40-F&#148;), filed with the Commission on December&nbsp;2, 2015; and </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">2.</P></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">The description of the Registrant&#146;s Common Shares contained under the heading &#147;Description of
Capital Structure&#148; in Exhibit 1 to the Form 40-F (the Royal Bank of Canada Annual Information Form dated December&nbsp;1, 2015), including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">In addition, all documents subsequently filed by the Registrant pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act prior
to the filing of a post-effective amendment which indicates that all securities offered hereby have been sold or which deregisters all securities covered hereby then remaining unsold, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in, and to be
part of, this Registration Statement from the filing date of each such document. Any statement, including financial statements, contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or
superseded for purposes of this Registration Statement to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such
statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this Registration Statement. Unless expressly incorporated into this Registration Statement, a report furnished
on Form 6-K prior or subsequent to the date hereof shall not be incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify"><B>Item&nbsp;4. Description of Securities </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify"><U>Deferred Compensation Obligations </U></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Under the Plans, the Registrant will provide eligible employees with the opportunity to defer a specified percentage or dollar amount of their
compensation earned for calendar years beginning after 2015. This amount, along with any employer contribution provided for under the applicable Plan, will then be deemed to be credited to a notional account which the Registrant will establish on
its books in the name of the eligible employee. Eligible employees may elect to have amounts credited to their account according to the performance of several notional investment options, including, without limitation, an account indexed to the
value of the Registrant&#146;s Common Shares, without par value (the &#147;Common Shares&#148;), accounts that earn a rate of return equal to the rate of return of the Registrant&#146;s long-term borrowing rate, accounts indexed to the value of
mutual funds and accounts indexed to global asset management funds. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">A description of these investment alternatives will be included in
the documents referred to in Part I of this Registration Statement and delivered to participants in the Plans. The obligation ultimately to pay such deferred amounts in accordance with the Plans (the &#147;Deferred Compensation Obligations&#148;)
will be unsecured obligations of the Registrant and will rank pari passu with other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of the Registrant from time to time outstanding. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">The employee&#146;s election, if available under the terms of the applicable Plan, will determine the amount of compensation to be deferred,
subject to maximum deferral limits set under the applicable Plan. At the time the participant makes a deferral election, he or she will specify the date on which payment of the balance of the account will be made or commenced or, depending on the
type of deferred award, a payment date will be established by the Plan terms. For some participants, the terms of the Plans may require the deferral of a specified portion of incentive compensation and such required deferral may be subject to
satisfaction of vesting requirements. Authorized officers of the Registrant or the Plan administrative committee have the power to amend the Plans. Payments in respect to all account balances will be made in cash, less the amount of cash needed to
satisfy tax withholding requirements. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">-2- </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">The rights, benefits and payments under the Plans are not subject to assignment, sale or other
transfer nor are they liable or subject in any manner to attachment, garnishment or execution. Except in the case of termination of a Plan or the separation from employment, death or disability of the participant, the Deferred Compensation
Obligations are not subject to redemption, in whole or in part, prior to the individual payment dates specified by the participants. However, the Registrant reserves the right to amend or terminate any Plan at any time, except that no such amendment
or termination shall, without the consent of the participant, reduce retroactively the right of a participant to the vested balance of his or her deferred accounts as of the date of such amendment or termination or extend the time of distribution of
such participant&#146;s accounts. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">The Deferred Compensation Obligations are not convertible into any other security of the Registrant.
The Deferred Compensation Obligations will not have the benefit of a negative pledge or any other affirmative or negative covenant on the part of the Registrant. No trustee has been appointed having the authority to take action with respect to the
Deferred Compensation Obligations, and each employee participant will be responsible for acting independently with respect to, among other things, the giving of notices, responding to any requests for consents, waivers or amendments pertaining to
the Deferred Compensation Obligations, enforcing covenants and taking action upon a default. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify"><U>Common Shares </U></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">The Common Shares are registered under Section&nbsp;12(b) of the Exchange Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify"><B>Item&nbsp;5. Interests of Named Experts and Counsel </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Certain legal matters relating to the Deferred Compensation Obligations will be passed upon for the Registrant by Daniel Torbenson.
Mr.&nbsp;Torbenson is regularly employed by the Registrant and is eligible to receive awards under the Plans. Mr.&nbsp;Torbenson owns, or has the right to acquire, a number of Common Shares which represents less than 1% of the total outstanding
Common Shares. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify"><B>Item&nbsp;6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">The Registrant has, pursuant to its by-laws, undertaken towards each of its directors and officers, each of its former officers and directors
and each of the persons who acts or who has acted at the Registrant&#146;s request as a director or officer of an entity of which the Registrant is or was a shareholder or creditor, that the Registrant will indemnify him and his heirs and legal
representatives against all costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy any judgment, reasonably incurred by him in respect of any civil, criminal or administrative action or proceeding to which he is made a
party by reason of being or having been a director or officer of the Registrant or such entity and including all taxes, duties, imposts or governmental charges whatsoever (&#147;taxes&#148;) levied on any amount paid to so indemnify him against such
charges, costs, expenses and taxes if (a)&nbsp;he acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Registrant; and (b)&nbsp;in the case of a criminal or administrative action or proceeding that is enforced by a monetary
penalty, he had reasonable grounds for believing that his conduct was lawful; provided that the indemnification will not apply in respect to an action by or on behalf of the Registrant to procure a judgment in its favor unless the approval of a
court is obtained as required by the Bank Act (Canada). Where any such indemnification requires or is subject to or conditional upon the approval or consent of any court or of any governmental body or regulatory authority, the Registrant has
undertaken to exercise all reasonable efforts to obtain, or assist in obtaining, such approval or consent. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Specifically, the relevant
provisions of the Registrant&#146;s by-laws provide as follows. For these purposes, and for the purposes of the by-laws, the term &#147;Bank&#148; below refers to the Registrant. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">-3- </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">5.1 Bank Undertaking </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">The Bank undertakes towards each of its directors and officers, each of its former directors and officers and each of the
persons who acts or who has acted at the Bank&#146;s request as a director or officer of an entity of which the Bank is or was a shareholder or creditor, that the Bank will indemnify him and his heirs and legal representatives against all costs,
charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by him in respect of any civil, criminal or administrative action or proceeding to which he is made a party by reason of being or having
been a director or officer of the Bank or such entity and including all taxes, duties, imposts or governmental charges whatsoever (&#147;taxes&#148;) levied on amounts paid to so indemnify him against such costs, charges, expenses and taxes if,
(a)&nbsp;he acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Bank; and (b)&nbsp;in the case of a criminal or administrative action or proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, he had reasonable grounds for believing
that his conduct was lawful; provided that the foregoing indemnification will not apply in respect of an action by or on behalf of the Bank to procure a judgment in favour unless the approval of a court is obtained as required by the Bank Act
(Canada). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">5.2 Court Approval </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Where any such indemnification requires or is subject to or conditional upon the approval or consent of any court or of any
governmental body or regulatory authority the Bank undertakes to exercise all reasonable efforts to obtain, or assist in obtaining, such approval or consent. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">5.3 Indemnity Agreement </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">The chief executive officer and the chief operating officer, or either of them acting alone, or such other officer or officers
as the chief executive officer or the chief operating officer may appoint in writing, acting alone, is directed and empowered for and on behalf and in the name of the Bank to enter into an indemnity agreement with each of the directors, officers and
persons setting out these undertakings of the Bank towards such directors, officers and persons. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Additionally, the relevant provisions of
the Bank Act (Canada) provide: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">212.(1) Indemnification &#150; A bank may indemnify a director or officer of the bank, a
former director or officer of the bank or another person who acts or acted, at the bank&#146;s request, as a director or officer of or in a similar capacity for another entity against all costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to
settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by them in respect of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding in which they are involved because of that association with the bank or other entity. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(2) Advances &#150; A bank may advance amounts to the director, officer or other person for the costs, charges and expenses of a proceeding
referred to in subsection (1). They shall repay the amounts if they do not fulfil the conditions set out in subsection (3). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(3) No
indemnification &#150; A bank may not indemnify a person under subsection (1)&nbsp;unless: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(a) the person acted honestly
and in good faith with a view to the best interests of, as the case may be, the bank or the other entity for which they acted at the bank&#146;s request as a director or officer or in a similar capacity; and </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(b) in the case of a criminal or administrative action or proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, the person had
reasonable grounds for believing that their conduct was lawful. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(4) Indemnification &#150; derivative actions &#150; A bank may with the
approval of a court indemnify a person referred to in subsection (1)&nbsp;or advance amounts to them under subsection (2)&nbsp;&#151; in respect of an action by or on behalf of the bank or other entity to procure a judgment in its favour to which
the person is made a party because of the association referred to in subsection (1)&nbsp;with the bank or other entity &#151; against all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by them in connection with that action if they fulfil the
conditions set out in subsection (3). </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">-4- </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(5) Right to indemnity &#150; Despite subsection (1), a person referred to in that subsection is
entitled to be indemnified by the bank in respect of all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by them in connection with the defense of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding to which the person is subject
because of the association referred to in subsection (1)&nbsp;with the bank or other entity described in that subsection if the person: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(a) was not judged by the court or other competent authority to have committed any fault or omitted to do anything that they
ought to have done; and </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(b) fulfills the conditions set out in subsection (3). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(6) Heirs and personal representatives &#150; A bank may, to the extent referred to in subsections (1)&nbsp;to (5)&nbsp;in respect of the
person, indemnify the heirs or personal representatives of any person whom the bank may indemnify under those subsections. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify"><B>Item&nbsp;7. Exemption from Registration Claimed </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Not applicable. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify"><B>Item&nbsp;8.
Exhibits </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">The following exhibits have been filed as part of this Registration Statement. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="5%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="92%"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:28.45pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify"><B>Exhibit<BR>Number</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:39.50pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Description</B></P></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Royal Bank of Canada By-Laws adopted January 8, 1981, with revisions to April 6, 2016</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;4.2</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada US Wealth Accumulation Plan effective from and after January 1,
2016</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;4.3</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada Employee Deferred Advantage Plan effective from and after January 1,
2016</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;5.1</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Opinion of Daniel Torbenson</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;5.2</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Opinion of Osler, Hoskin &amp; Harcourt LLP</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">23.1</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Consent of Deloitte LLP</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">24.1</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Power of attorney (included on signature page hereto)</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify"><B>Item&nbsp;9. Undertakings </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration
Statement: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(i) To include any prospectus required by Section&nbsp;10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the
most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of
the securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed
with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &#147;Calculation of Registration Fee&#148; table
in the effective Registration Statement; and </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">-5- </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:8%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of
distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a
post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the Registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective
amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial <I>bona fide </I>offering thereof. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain
unsold at the termination of the offering. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(b) The Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act, each filing of the Registrant&#146;s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial <I>bona fide</I> offering thereof. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling
persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore,
unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of
any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling
precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">-6- </P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SIGNATURES </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets
all of the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Toronto, Canada, on this 27&nbsp;day of May, 2016. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><DIV ALIGN="right">
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="92%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt"><B>ROYAL BANK OF CANADA</B></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">By:</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">/s/ David I. McKay</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">David I. McKay</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">President and Chief Executive Officer</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE></DIV>

<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 as amended, this registration
statement has been signed below by the following persons in Toronto, Canada, in the capacities and on the dates indicated. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">In addition,
each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints each of and any of David I. McKay, Janice R. Fukakusa and Rod Bolger, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each with full power of substitution and
resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the execute and file, or cause to be filed, with all exhibits thereto and other documents required in connection therewith, with the United
States Securities and Exchange Commission, one or more registration statements on Form S-8 and any amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments) for purposes of registering both securities and deferred compensation obligations, as
applicable, of<B> Royal Bank of Canada</B> to be offered to employees pursuant to the Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada US Wealth Accumulation Plan effective from and after January&nbsp;1, 2016 and the Amended and Restated Royal Bank of
Canada Employee Deferred Advantage Plan effective from and after January&nbsp;1, 2016, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary
to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents or their substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="26%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="52%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="16%"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SIGNATURE</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>TITLE</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>DATE</B></P></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Kathleen P. Taylor</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Chair and Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Kathleen P. Taylor</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ David I.
McKay</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">President and Chief Executive Officer</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">(principal executive officer)</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">David I. McKay</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Janice R.
Fukakusa</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Chief Administrative Officer and Chief Financial Officer</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">(principal financial officer)</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Janice R. Fukakusa</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Rod Bolger</P></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">EVP, Finance &amp; Controller<BR>(controller)</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Rod Bolger</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ W. Geoffrey Beattie</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">W. Geoffrey Beattie</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Jacynthe Cot&eacute;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Jacynthe Cot&eacute;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Toos N. Daruvala</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Toos N. Daruvala</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ David F. Denison</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">David F. Denison</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR></TABLE>

<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="26%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="52%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="16%"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Richard L. George</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Richard L. George</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Alice D. Laberge</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Michael H. McCain</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Michael H. McCain</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Heather Munroe-Blum</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Heather Munroe-Blum</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Thomas A. Renyi</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Thomas A. Renyi</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Edward Sonshine</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Edward Sonshine</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Bridget A. van Kralingen</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Bridget A. van Kralingen</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">/s/ Thierry Vandal</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Director</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">May&nbsp;27, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Thierry Vandal</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">Pursuant to the requirements of Section&nbsp;6(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, the undersigned has signed this Registration Statement on
Form S-8, solely in the capacity of the duly authorized representative of the Registrant in the United States, in the city of Minneapolis, Minnesota, on this 27 day of May, 2016. </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><DIV ALIGN="right">
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="100%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">/s/ Daniel L. Torbenson</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Daniel L. Torbenson</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Chief Counsel, U.S. Regulatory and Corporate Services</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Royal Bank of Canada</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE></DIV>

<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>EXHIBIT INDEX </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="5%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="92%"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:28.45pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Exhibit<BR>Number</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; width:39.50pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Description</B></P></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Royal Bank of Canada By-Laws adopted January 8, 1981, with revisions to April 6, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada US Wealth Accumulation Plan effective from and after January 1, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.3</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada Employee Deferred Advantage Plan effective from and after January 1, 2016</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;5.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Opinion of Daniel Torbenson</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>&nbsp;&nbsp;5.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Opinion of Osler, Hoskin &amp; Harcourt LLP</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>23.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Consent of Deloitte LLP</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" NOWRAP>24.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Power of attorney (included on signature page hereto)</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</BODY></HTML>
[{"type": "S-8", "sequence": "1", "filename": "d38226ds8.htm", "description": "S-8", "secsgml_size_bytes": 79385}]
{"company-data": {"conformed-name": "ROYAL BANK OF CANADA", "cik": "0001000275", "assigned-sic": "6029", "irs-number": "000000000", "state-of-incorporation": "A6", "fiscal-year-end": "1031"}, "filing-values": {"form-type": "S-8", "act": "33", "file-number": "333-211680", "film-number": "161682108"}, "business-address": {"street1": "ROYAL BANK PLAZA", "street2": "200 BAY STREET", "city": "TORONTO", "state": "A6", "zip": "M5J2J5", "phone": "2128587116"}, "mail-address": {"street1": "ROYAL BANK PLAZA", "street2": "200 BAY STREET", "city": "TORONTO", "state": "A6", "zip": "M5J2J5"}, "former-company": {"former-conformed-name": "ROYAL BANK OF CANADA \\", "date-changed": "19950908"}}
S-8
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 27
,
2016
Registration No. 333-
U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-8
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
ROYAL BANK OF CANADA
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Canada
6029
Not Applicable
(Province or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification)
Code Number (if applicable))
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number
(if applicable)
200 Bay Street
Royal Bank Plaza
Toronto
Ontario
M5J 2J5
Attention: Aglaya Redekopp, Senior Counsel and Assistant Secretary
(416) 974-4789
(Address
and telephone number of Registrant's principal executive offices)
ROYAL BANK OF CANADA US WEALTH ACCUMULATION PLAN
ROYAL BANK OF CANADA EMPLOYEE DEFERRED ADVANTAGE PLAN
(Full title of the plan)
Royal Bank of Canada
3
World Financial Center
200 Vesey Street
New York, New York 10281
Attention: Daniel L. Torbenson
Chief Counsel, U.S. Regulatory and Corporate Services
(212) 432-9264
(Name,
address, (including zip code) and telephone number (including area code) of agent for service in the United States)
Copies to:
Paul Guthrie
Assistant General Counsel
Royal Bank of Canada
200
Bay Street
Toronto, Ontario
Canada M5J 2J5
Sandra Cohen
Cohen & Buckmann pc
200 Park Avenue – Suite 1700
New York, New York 10166
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller
reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
x
Accelerated filer
¨
Non-accelerated filer
¨
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
¨
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of each class of
securities to be registered
Amount
to be
registered
Proposed
maximum
offering price
per share
Proposed
maximum
aggregate
offering price
Amount of
registration fee
Deferred Compensation Obligations
(1)
U.S.$200,000,000
100%
U.S.$200,000,000
U.S.$20,140(2)
Common Shares
(3)
—
—
None
(1)
The Deferred Compensation Obligations are unsecured obligations of Royal Bank of Canada to pay deferred
compensation in the future, which may in whole or in part consist of its Common Shares (defined below), in accordance with the terms of the Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada US Wealth Accumulation Plan, effective from and after
January 1, 2016 and the Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada Employee Deferred Advantage Plan, effective from and after January 1, 2016 (collectively, the "Plans").
(2)
The amount registered is based upon an estimate of the amount of compensation to be deferred by participants
under the Plans, estimated to be U.S.$100,000,000 for each Plan, and is estimated solely for purposes of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(h) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(3)
The indeterminate number of Common Shares that may be delivered to participants in the Plans in the future in
accordance with the terms of the Plans. No registration fee is required for such Common Shares because they will be delivered for no additional consideration.
PART I
INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE SECTION 10(a
)
PROSPECTUS
Item 1. Plan Information
The documents containing information specified in Part I of Form S-8 will be sent or given to employees of the Registrant participating under
the Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada US Wealth Accumulation Plan effective from and after January 1, 2016 and the Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada Employee Deferred Advantage Plan effective from and after January 1, 2016
(collectively, the "Plans") as specified by Rule 428(b)(1) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). Such documents are not required to be, and are not, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the "Commission") either as part of this Registration Statement or as prospectuses or prospectus supplements pursuant to Rule 424 of the Securities Act. Those documents and the documents incorporated by reference into this Registration
Statement pursuant to Item 3 of Part II of this Registration Statement, taken together, constitute a prospectus that meets the requirements of Section 10(a) of the Securities Act.
Item 2. Registrant Information and Employee Plan Annual Information
Upon written or oral request, any of the documents incorporated by reference in Item 3 of Part II of this Registration Statement (which
documents are incorporated by reference in the Section 10(a) prospectus), other documents required to be delivered to eligible participants pursuant to Rule 428(b) or additional information about the Plans are available without charge. Requests
should be directed to Investor Relations, Royal Bank of Canada at 200 Bay Street, North Tower, Toronto, Ontario Canada M5J 2J5 (telephone: (416) 955-7803), or by visiting
www.rbc.com/investorrelations
.
-1-
PART II
INFORMATION REQUIRED IN REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Item 3. Incorporation of Documents by Reference
The Registrant hereby incorporates by reference into this Registration Statement the following documents previously filed with the Commission
pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"):
1.
The Registrant's Annual Report on Form 40-F for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2015 (the
"Form 40-F"), filed with the Commission on December 2, 2015; and
2.
The description of the Registrant's Common Shares contained under the heading "Description of
Capital Structure" in Exhibit 1 to the Form 40-F (the Royal Bank of Canada Annual Information Form dated December 1, 2015), including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.
In addition, all documents subsequently filed by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act prior
to the filing of a post-effective amendment which indicates that all securities offered hereby have been sold or which deregisters all securities covered hereby then remaining unsold, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in, and to be
part of, this Registration Statement from the filing date of each such document. Any statement, including financial statements, contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or
superseded for purposes of this Registration Statement to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such
statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this Registration Statement. Unless expressly incorporated into this Registration Statement, a report furnished
on Form 6-K prior or subsequent to the date hereof shall not be incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement.
Item 4. Description of Securities
Deferred Compensation Obligations
Under the Plans, the Registrant will provide eligible employees with the opportunity to defer a specified percentage or dollar amount of their
compensation earned for calendar years beginning after 2015. This amount, along with any employer contribution provided for under the applicable Plan, will then be deemed to be credited to a notional account which the Registrant will establish on
its books in the name of the eligible employee. Eligible employees may elect to have amounts credited to their account according to the performance of several notional investment options, including, without limitation, an account indexed to the
value of the Registrant's Common Shares, without par value (the "Common Shares"), accounts that earn a rate of return equal to the rate of return of the Registrant's long-term borrowing rate, accounts indexed to the value of
mutual funds and accounts indexed to global asset management funds.
A description of these investment alternatives will be included in
the documents referred to in Part I of this Registration Statement and delivered to participants in the Plans. The obligation ultimately to pay such deferred amounts in accordance with the Plans (the "Deferred Compensation Obligations")
will be unsecured obligations of the Registrant and will rank pari passu with other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of the Registrant from time to time outstanding.
The employee's election, if available under the terms of the applicable Plan, will determine the amount of compensation to be deferred,
subject to maximum deferral limits set under the applicable Plan. At the time the participant makes a deferral election, he or she will specify the date on which payment of the balance of the account will be made or commenced or, depending on the
type of deferred award, a payment date will be established by the Plan terms. For some participants, the terms of the Plans may require the deferral of a specified portion of incentive compensation and such required deferral may be subject to
satisfaction of vesting requirements. Authorized officers of the Registrant or the Plan administrative committee have the power to amend the Plans. Payments in respect to all account balances will be made in cash, less the amount of cash needed to
satisfy tax withholding requirements.
-2-
The rights, benefits and payments under the Plans are not subject to assignment, sale or other
transfer nor are they liable or subject in any manner to attachment, garnishment or execution. Except in the case of termination of a Plan or the separation from employment, death or disability of the participant, the Deferred Compensation
Obligations are not subject to redemption, in whole or in part, prior to the individual payment dates specified by the participants. However, the Registrant reserves the right to amend or terminate any Plan at any time, except that no such amendment
or termination shall, without the consent of the participant, reduce retroactively the right of a participant to the vested balance of his or her deferred accounts as of the date of such amendment or termination or extend the time of distribution of
such participant's accounts.
The Deferred Compensation Obligations are not convertible into any other security of the Registrant.
The Deferred Compensation Obligations will not have the benefit of a negative pledge or any other affirmative or negative covenant on the part of the Registrant. No trustee has been appointed having the authority to take action with respect to the
Deferred Compensation Obligations, and each employee participant will be responsible for acting independently with respect to, among other things, the giving of notices, responding to any requests for consents, waivers or amendments pertaining to
the Deferred Compensation Obligations, enforcing covenants and taking action upon a default.
Common Shares
The Common Shares are registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act.
Item 5. Interests of Named Experts and Counsel
Certain legal matters relating to the Deferred Compensation Obligations will be passed upon for the Registrant by Daniel Torbenson.
Mr. Torbenson is regularly employed by the Registrant and is eligible to receive awards under the Plans. Mr. Torbenson owns, or has the right to acquire, a number of Common Shares which represents less than 1% of the total outstanding
Common Shares.
Item 6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
The Registrant has, pursuant to its by-laws, undertaken towards each of its directors and officers, each of its former officers and directors
and each of the persons who acts or who has acted at the Registrant's request as a director or officer of an entity of which the Registrant is or was a shareholder or creditor, that the Registrant will indemnify him and his heirs and legal
representatives against all costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy any judgment, reasonably incurred by him in respect of any civil, criminal or administrative action or proceeding to which he is made a
party by reason of being or having been a director or officer of the Registrant or such entity and including all taxes, duties, imposts or governmental charges whatsoever ("taxes") levied on any amount paid to so indemnify him against such
charges, costs, expenses and taxes if (a) he acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Registrant; and (b) in the case of a criminal or administrative action or proceeding that is enforced by a monetary
penalty, he had reasonable grounds for believing that his conduct was lawful; provided that the indemnification will not apply in respect to an action by or on behalf of the Registrant to procure a judgment in its favor unless the approval of a
court is obtained as required by the Bank Act (Canada). Where any such indemnification requires or is subject to or conditional upon the approval or consent of any court or of any governmental body or regulatory authority, the Registrant has
undertaken to exercise all reasonable efforts to obtain, or assist in obtaining, such approval or consent.
Specifically, the relevant
provisions of the Registrant's by-laws provide as follows. For these purposes, and for the purposes of the by-laws, the term "Bank" below refers to the Registrant.
-3-
5.1 Bank Undertaking
The Bank undertakes towards each of its directors and officers, each of its former directors and officers and each of the
persons who acts or who has acted at the Bank's request as a director or officer of an entity of which the Bank is or was a shareholder or creditor, that the Bank will indemnify him and his heirs and legal representatives against all costs,
charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by him in respect of any civil, criminal or administrative action or proceeding to which he is made a party by reason of being or having
been a director or officer of the Bank or such entity and including all taxes, duties, imposts or governmental charges whatsoever ("taxes") levied on amounts paid to so indemnify him against such costs, charges, expenses and taxes if,
(a) he acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Bank; and (b) in the case of a criminal or administrative action or proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, he had reasonable grounds for believing
that his conduct was lawful; provided that the foregoing indemnification will not apply in respect of an action by or on behalf of the Bank to procure a judgment in favour unless the approval of a court is obtained as required by the Bank Act
(Canada).
5.2 Court Approval
Where any such indemnification requires or is subject to or conditional upon the approval or consent of any court or of any
governmental body or regulatory authority the Bank undertakes to exercise all reasonable efforts to obtain, or assist in obtaining, such approval or consent.
5.3 Indemnity Agreement
The chief executive officer and the chief operating officer, or either of them acting alone, or such other officer or officers
as the chief executive officer or the chief operating officer may appoint in writing, acting alone, is directed and empowered for and on behalf and in the name of the Bank to enter into an indemnity agreement with each of the directors, officers and
persons setting out these undertakings of the Bank towards such directors, officers and persons.
Additionally, the relevant provisions of
the Bank Act (Canada) provide:
212.(1) Indemnification – A bank may indemnify a director or officer of the bank, a
former director or officer of the bank or another person who acts or acted, at the bank's request, as a director or officer of or in a similar capacity for another entity against all costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to
settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by them in respect of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding in which they are involved because of that association with the bank or other entity.
(2) Advances – A bank may advance amounts to the director, officer or other person for the costs, charges and expenses of a proceeding
referred to in subsection (1). They shall repay the amounts if they do not fulfil the conditions set out in subsection (3).
(3) No
indemnification – A bank may not indemnify a person under subsection (1) unless:
(a) the person acted honestly
and in good faith with a view to the best interests of, as the case may be, the bank or the other entity for which they acted at the bank's request as a director or officer or in a similar capacity; and
(b) in the case of a criminal or administrative action or proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, the person had
reasonable grounds for believing that their conduct was lawful.
(4) Indemnification – derivative actions – A bank may with the
approval of a court indemnify a person referred to in subsection (1) or advance amounts to them under subsection (2) — in respect of an action by or on behalf of the bank or other entity to procure a judgment in its favour to which
the person is made a party because of the association referred to in subsection (1) with the bank or other entity — against all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by them in connection with that action if they fulfil the
conditions set out in subsection (3).
-4-
(5) Right to indemnity – Despite subsection (1), a person referred to in that subsection is
entitled to be indemnified by the bank in respect of all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by them in connection with the defense of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding to which the person is subject
because of the association referred to in subsection (1) with the bank or other entity described in that subsection if the person:
(a) was not judged by the court or other competent authority to have committed any fault or omitted to do anything that they
ought to have done; and
(b) fulfills the conditions set out in subsection (3).
(6) Heirs and personal representatives – A bank may, to the extent referred to in subsections (1) to (5) in respect of the
person, indemnify the heirs or personal representatives of any person whom the bank may indemnify under those subsections.
Item 7. Exemption from Registration Claimed
Not applicable.
Item 8.
Exhibits
The following exhibits have been filed as part of this Registration Statement.
Exhibit
Number
Description
4.1
Royal Bank of Canada By-Laws adopted January 8, 1981, with revisions to April 6, 2016
4.2
Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada US Wealth Accumulation Plan effective from and after January 1,
2016
4.3
Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada Employee Deferred Advantage Plan effective from and after January 1,
2016
5.1
Opinion of Daniel Torbenson
5.2
Opinion of Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP
23.1
Consent of Deloitte LLP
24.1
Power of attorney (included on signature page hereto)
Item 9. Undertakings
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration
Statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the
most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of
the securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed
with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee" table
in the effective Registration Statement; and
-5-
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of
distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a
post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the Registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective
amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
bona fide
offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain
unsold at the termination of the offering.
(b) The Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act, each filing of the Registrant's annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
bona fide
offering thereof.
(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling
persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore,
unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of
any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling
precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
-6-
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets
all of the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Toronto, Canada, on this 27 day of May, 2016.
ROYAL BANK OF CANADA
By:
/s/ David I. McKay
David I. McKay
President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 as amended, this registration
statement has been signed below by the following persons in Toronto, Canada, in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
In addition,
each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints each of and any of David I. McKay, Janice R. Fukakusa and Rod Bolger, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each with full power of substitution and
resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the execute and file, or cause to be filed, with all exhibits thereto and other documents required in connection therewith, with the United
States Securities and Exchange Commission, one or more registration statements on Form S-8 and any amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments) for purposes of registering both securities and deferred compensation obligations, as
applicable, of
Royal Bank of Canada
to be offered to employees pursuant to the Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada US Wealth Accumulation Plan effective from and after January 1, 2016 and the Amended and Restated Royal Bank of
Canada Employee Deferred Advantage Plan effective from and after January 1, 2016, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary
to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents or their substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
SIGNATURE
TITLE
DATE
/s/ Kathleen P. Taylor
Chair and Director
May 27, 2016
Kathleen P. Taylor
/s/ David I.
McKay
President and Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)
May 27, 2016
David I. McKay
/s/ Janice R.
Fukakusa
Chief Administrative Officer and Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial officer)
May 27, 2016
Janice R. Fukakusa
/s/ Rod Bolger
EVP, Finance & Controller
(controller)
May 27, 2016
Rod Bolger
/s/ W. Geoffrey Beattie
Director
May 27, 2016
W. Geoffrey Beattie
/s/ Jacynthe Coté
Director
May 27, 2016
Jacynthe Coté
/s/ Toos N. Daruvala
Director
May 27, 2016
Toos N. Daruvala
/s/ David F. Denison
Director
May 27, 2016
David F. Denison
/s/ Richard L. George
Director
May 27, 2016
Richard L. George
Director
May 27, 2016
Alice D. Laberge
/s/ Michael H. McCain
Director
May 27, 2016
Michael H. McCain
/s/ Heather Munroe-Blum
Director
May 27, 2016
Heather Munroe-Blum
/s/ Thomas A. Renyi
Director
May 27, 2016
Thomas A. Renyi
/s/ Edward Sonshine
Director
May 27, 2016
Edward Sonshine
/s/ Bridget A. van Kralingen
Director
May 27, 2016
Bridget A. van Kralingen
/s/ Thierry Vandal
Director
May 27, 2016
Thierry Vandal
AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 6(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, the undersigned has signed this Registration Statement on
Form S-8, solely in the capacity of the duly authorized representative of the Registrant in the United States, in the city of Minneapolis, Minnesota, on this 27 day of May, 2016.
/s/ Daniel L. Torbenson
Daniel L. Torbenson
Chief Counsel, U.S. Regulatory and Corporate Services
Royal Bank of Canada
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number
Description
4.1
Royal Bank of Canada By-Laws adopted January 8, 1981, with revisions to April 6, 2016
4.2
Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada US Wealth Accumulation Plan effective from and after January 1, 2016
4.3
Amended and Restated Royal Bank of Canada Employee Deferred Advantage Plan effective from and after January 1, 2016
5.1
Opinion of Daniel Torbenson
5.2
Opinion of Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP
23.1
Consent of Deloitte LLP
24.1
Power of attorney (included on signature page hereto)