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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 11, 2022</p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Registration No.&#160;333-&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;border-top:Double 2.25pt;padding-top:1pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><img src="gl40ig5unobo000001.jpg" title="" alt="" style="width:0px;height:0px;">UNITED STATES</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Washington, D.C. 20549 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">FORM S-8 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">REGISTRATION STATEMENT </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">UNDER </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:24pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ATYR PHARMA, INC. </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) </p>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Delaware</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">20-3435077</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(State or other jurisdiction of</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">incorporation or organization)</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(I.R.S. Employer<br />Identification No.)</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite #250 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">San Diego, CA 92121</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Address of Principal Executive Offices) </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ATYR PHARMA, INC. 2015 STOCK OPTION AND INCENTIVE PLAN, AS AMENDED </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ATYR PHARMA, INC. 2015 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN, AS AMENDED</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ATYR PHARMA, INC. NON-QUALIFIED STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT FOR NON-PLAN INDUCEMENT GRANTS</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ATYR PHARMA, INC. 2022 INDUCEMENT PLAN</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Full title of the plans)</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Sanjay S. Shukla, M.D., M.S.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">President, Chief Executive Officer and Director </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite #250 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">San Diego, CA 92121</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(858) 731-8389</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Name and address of agent for service) (Telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160; </p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer,&nbsp;&nbsp;a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8220;smaller reporting company,&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Large&#160;accelerated&#160;filer</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">&#9744;</font></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Accelerated&#160;filer</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Smaller&#160;reporting&#160;company</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Emerging growth&#160;company</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">&#9744;</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:12pt;border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.&nbsp;&nbsp;<font style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">&#9744;</font></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:12pt;border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_textHF_105_19"></a>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 11, 2022</p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Registration No.&#160;333-&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">PART I</p>
<p style="text-align:center;Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE SECTION 10(a) PROSPECTUS</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The information called for by Part I of Form S-8 is omitted from this Registration Statement in accordance with Rule 428 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Securities Act</font>&#8221;), and the instructions to Form S-8. In accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Commission</font>&#8221;) and the instructions to Form S-8, such documents are not being filed with the Commission either as part of this Registration Statement or as prospectuses or prospectus supplements pursuant to Rule 424 of the Securities Act.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:24pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">PART II</p>
<p style="text-align:center;Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Item 3.<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font>Incorporation of Documents by Reference.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The following documents filed by aTyr Pharma, Inc. (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Registrant</font>&#8221;) with the Commission are incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement:</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(a)</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">the Registrant&#8217;s Annual Report on <a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459022010441/life-10k_20211231.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Form 10-K</font></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the Commission on March 15, 2022;</font></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(b)</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">the Registrant&#8217;s Quarterly Report on <a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459022019293/life-10q_20220331.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Form 10-</font></a><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Q</font> for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 filed with the Commission on May 10, 2022;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(c)</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">the Registrant&#8217;s Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on <a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459022014285/life-8k_20220412.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">April 13, 2022</font></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> (as amended on </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459022014285/life-8k_20220412.htm"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459022014489/life-8ka_20220412.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">April 14, 2022</font></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">), </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459022014285/life-8k_20220412.htm"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459022014489/life-8ka_20220412.htm"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459022015295/life-8k_20220422.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">April 22, 2022</font></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> and </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459022014285/life-8k_20220412.htm"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459022014489/life-8ka_20220412.htm"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459022015295/life-8k_20220422.htm"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459022016548/life-8k_20220426.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">April 29, 2022</font></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">; and</font></p></td>
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<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(d)</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">the description of the Registrant&#8217;s common stock which is contained in a Registration Statement on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000119312515173955/d917258d8a12b.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Form 8-A</font></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> filed on May 6, 2015 (File No. 001-37378) under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Exchange Act</font>&#8221;), including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:justify;Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">All other reports and documents subsequently filed by the Registrant pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act (other than Current Reports furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits furnished on such form that relate to such items) on or after the date of this Registration Statement and prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement which indicates that all securities offered have been sold or which deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference herein and to be a part of this Registration Statement from the date of the filing of such reports and documents. Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Registration Statement to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any subsequently filed document that also is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this Registration Statement.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:18pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Item 4.<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font>Description of Securities.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Not applicable.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:18pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Item 5.<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font>Interests of Named Experts and Counsel.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Not applicable.</p>
<p style="line-height:11pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="line-height:11pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">Item 6.</font><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-left:36pt;"></font><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">Indemnification of Directors and Officers.</font></p>
<p style="line-height:11pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">DGCL</font>&#8221;) authorizes a corporation to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities arising out of actions, suits and proceedings to which they are made or threatened to be made a party by reason of the fact that they have served or are currently serving as a director or officer to a corporation. The indemnity may cover expenses (including attorneys&#8217; fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with any such action, suit or proceeding. Section 145 permits corporations to pay expenses </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2</a></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(including attorneys&#8217; fees) incurred by directors and officers in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding. In addition, Section 145 provides that a corporation has the power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of its directors and officers against any liability asserted against them and incurred by them in their capacity as a director or officer, or arising out of their status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the director or officer against such liability under Section 145.</font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The Registrant has adopted provisions in the Registrant&#8217;s certificate of incorporation and bylaws that limit or eliminate the personal liability of the Registrant&#8217;s directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as it now exists or may in the future be amended. Consequently, a director or officer will not be personally liable to the Registrant or its stockholders for monetary damages or breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability for:</p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">&#8226;</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;color:#000000;">any breach of the director&#8217;s duty of loyalty to the Registrant or its stockholders;</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">&#8226;</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;color:#000000;">any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">&#8226;</font></p></td>
<td valign="top">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;color:#000000;">any unlawful payments related to dividends or unlawful stock purchases, redemptions or other distributions; or</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;">
<tr>
<td valign="top" style="width:7.69%;white-space:nowrap">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top" style="width:3.85%;white-space:nowrap">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">&#8226;</font></p></td>
<td valign="top">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;color:#000000;">any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">These limitations of liability do not alter director liability under the federal securities laws and do not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as an injunction or rescission.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">In addition, the Registrant&#8217;s bylaws provide that:</p>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;">
<tr>
<td valign="top" style="width:7.69%;white-space:nowrap">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top" style="width:3.85%;white-space:nowrap">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">&#8226;</font></p></td>
<td valign="top">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;color:#000000;">the Registrant will indemnify its directors, officers and, in the discretion of its board of directors, certain employees to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as it now exists or may in the future be amended; and</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;">
<tr>
<td valign="top" style="width:7.69%;white-space:nowrap">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top" style="width:3.85%;white-space:nowrap">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">&#8226;</font></p></td>
<td valign="top">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;color:#000000;">the Registrant will advance reasonable expenses, including attorneys&#8217; fees, to its directors and, in the discretion of its board of directors, to its officers and certain employees, in connection with legal proceedings relating to their service for or on behalf of the Registrant, subject to limited exceptions.</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The Registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and intends to enter into such agreements with certain of its executive officers. These agreements provide that the Registrant will indemnify each of its directors, certain of its executive officers and, at times, their affiliates to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL. The Registrant will advance expenses, including attorneys&#8217; fees (but excluding judgments, fines and settlement amounts), to each indemnified director, executive officer or affiliate in connection with any proceeding in which indemnification is available and the Registrant will indemnify its directors and officers for any action or proceeding arising out of that person&#8217;s services as a director or officer brought on behalf of the Registrant or in furtherance of the Registrant&#8217;s rights. Additionally, certain of the Registrant&#8217;s directors may have certain rights to indemnification, advancement of expenses or insurance provided by their affiliates, which indemnification relates to and might apply to the same proceedings arising out of such director&#8217;s services as a director referenced herein. Nonetheless, the Registrant has agreed in the indemnification agreements that the Registrant&#8217;s obligations to those same directors are primary and any obligation of the affiliates of those directors to advance expenses or to provide indemnification for the expenses or liabilities incurred by those directors are secondary.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The Registrant also maintains general liability insurance which covers certain liabilities of its directors and officers arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or officers, including liabilities under the Securities Act.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:18pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Item 7.<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font>Exemption from Registration Claimed.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Not applicable.</p>
<p style="line-height:11pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3</a></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU1"></a>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Item 8.<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font>Exhibits.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The exhibits to this Registration Statement are listed below:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU6"></a>&nbsp;</p>
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<td colspan="3" valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:65.98%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="width:19.02%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Incorporated by Reference</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_text_1_285"></a><a name="_cp_text_1_285"></a>Exhibit</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Number</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_19_286"></a><a name="_cp_text_1_288"></a>Exhibit Title</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_289"></a>Form</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_290"></a>File No.</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_291"></a>Exhibit</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_292"></a>Filing Date</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_19_294"></a><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000119312515166665/d819057dex32.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_297"></a>S-1/A</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_298"></a>333-203272</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_299"></a>3.2</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_300"></a>May 1, 2015</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.2</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459019024064/life-ex31_7.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-37378</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">June 28, 2019</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.3</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459020024729/life-ex33_130.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10-Q</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-37378</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.3</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 12, 2020</p></td>
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<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.4</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459021023319/life-ex31_14.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant</font></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> </font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-37378</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 4, 2021</p></td>
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<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.4</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459021023319/life-ex31_14.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant</font></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> </font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-37378</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">April 29, 2022</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.5</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_19_302"></a><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000119312515148013/d819057dex34.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_305"></a>S-1/A</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_306"></a>333-203272</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_307"></a>3.4</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_308"></a>April 27, 2015</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.6</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459017018196/life-ex31_6.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Class X Convertible Preferred Stock</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-37378</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">August 31, 2017</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.1</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000119312515148013/d819057dex41.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Specimen</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;"> </font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Common</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;"> </font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Stock</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;"> </font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">S-1/A</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">333-203272</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.1</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">April 27, 2015</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.2</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000119312515120170/d819057dex44.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Warrant to Purchase Stock issued to Silicon Valley Bank on July 24, 2013</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">S-1</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">333-203272</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.4</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">April 6, 2015</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.3</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459017004631/life-ex45_669.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Warrant to Purchase Stock issued to Silicon Valley Bank on November 18, 2016</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#252525;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">10-K</font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#252525;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">001-37378</font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#252525;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">4.5</font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 16, 2017</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.4</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459017004631/life-ex46_668.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Warrant to Purchase Stock issued to Solar Capital Ltd on November 18, 2016</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#252525;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">10-K</font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#252525;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">001-37378</font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#252525;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">4.6</font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 16, 2017</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.5</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459017017690/life-ex47_235.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Warrant to Purchase Stock issued to Silicon Valley Bank on June 30, 2017</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10-Q</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-37378</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.7</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">August 14, 2017</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.6</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459017017690/life-ex48_234.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Warrant to Purchase Stock issued to Solar Capital Ltd on June 30, 2017</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10-Q</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-37378</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.8</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">August 14, 2017</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.7</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459018006333/life-ex48_470.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Warrant to Purchase Stock issued to Silicon Valley Bank on December 22, 2017</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10-K</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-37378</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#252525;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">4.8</font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 20, 2018</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.8</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459018006333/life-ex49_469.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Warrant to Purchase Stock issued to Solar Capital Ltd on December 22, 2017</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10-K</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-37378</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#252525;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">4.9</font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 20, 2018</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.9</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001339970/000156459020043349/life-ex41_8.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Registration Rights Agreement, by and between the Registrant and Aspire Capital Fund, LLC, dated September 11, 2020</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-37378</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.1</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">September 14, 2020</p></td>
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<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.1 </p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="life-ex51_30.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Opinion of Cooley LLP</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Filed herewith</p></td>
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<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">23.1</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="life-ex51_30.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Consent of Cooley LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Filed herewith</p></td>
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<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">23.2</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="life-ex232_29.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Filed herewith</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">24.1</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="#POWEROFATTORNEY"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Power of Attorney (included on the signature page hereto)</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_531"></a>&#8212;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_532"></a>&#8212;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_533"></a>&#8212;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_534"></a>Filed herewith</p></td>
</tr></table></div>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<div align="left";>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;">
<tr>
<td colspan="3" valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:65.98%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="width:19.02%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Incorporated by Reference</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_text_1_285"></a><a name="_cp_text_1_285"></a>Exhibit</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Number</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_19_286"></a><a name="_cp_text_1_288"></a>Exhibit Title</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_289"></a>Form</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_290"></a>File No.</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_291"></a>Exhibit</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_18_292"></a>Filing Date</p></td>
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<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">99.1</font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_cp_table_19_529"></a><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459021023319/life-ex101_152.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">aTyr Pharma Inc. 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-37378</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10.1</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">April 29, 2022</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">99.2</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000119312515148013/d819057dex102.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Forms of agreement under 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">S-1/A</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">333-203272</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10.2</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">April 27, 2015</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:8.2%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">99.3</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;width:50.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459022016548/life-ex101_7.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">aTyr Pharma, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-37378</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10.2</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:15%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">April 29, 2022</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">99.4</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001339970/000156459016029228/life-ex101_362.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">aTyr Pharma, Inc. Non-Qualified Option Agreement for Non-Plan Inducement Grant</font></a></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10-Q</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-37378</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10.1</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">November 14, 2016</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">99.5</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459022019293/life-ex103_191.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">aTyr Pharma, Inc. 2022 Inducement Plan</font></a></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10-Q</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-37378</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:7.94%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10.3</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 10, 2022</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">99.6</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1339970/000156459022019293/life-ex104_190.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Form of Grant Notice and Stock Option Agreement under aTyr Pharma, Inc. 2022 Inducement Plan</font></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> </font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10-Q</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:11.08%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">001-37378</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10.4</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 10, 2022</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="life-exfilingfees_6.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Filing Fee Table</font></a></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Filed herewith</p></td>
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<p style="margin-top:6pt;line-height:11pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">Item 9. </font><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-left:36pt;"></font><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">Undertakings.</font></p>
<p style="line-height:11pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:6.85%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:13.7%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(i) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:13.7%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &#8220;Calculation of Registration Fee&#8221; table in the effective registration statement;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:13.7%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-style:italic;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Provided, however<font style="font-style:normal;">, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) of this section shall not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement.</font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:6.85%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the&#160;Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:6.85%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:6.85%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:6.85%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the&#160;Securities Act&#160;to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5</a></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:6.85%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:</font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:13.7%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(i)&#160;Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:13.7%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(ii)&#160;Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:13.7%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(iii)&#160;The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:13.7%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(iv)&#160;Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the&#160;Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant&#8217;s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&#8217;s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.&#160;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the&#160;Securities Act&#160;of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act&#160;and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses&#160;incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the&#160;registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</p><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU2"></a>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">6</a></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">SIGNATURES</font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:4pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Diego, State of California, this 11th day of May, 2022. </p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Sanjay S. Shukla</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Sanjay S. Shukla, M.D., M.S.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-style:italic;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">President and Chief Executive Officer</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="POWEROFATTORNEY"></a>POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:8pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We, the undersigned officers and directors of aTyr Pharma, Inc., hereby severally constitute and appoint Sanjay S. Shukla, M.D., M.S. and Jill M. Broadfoot, and each of them singly (with full power to each of them to act alone), our true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution in each of them for him and in his name, place and stead, and in any and all capacities, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement on Form S-8, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in and about the premises, as full to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. </p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:8pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated below. </p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Signature</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Title</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Date</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Sanjay S. Shukla</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:10pt;;text-indent:-10pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">President, Chief Executive Officer and Director</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 11, 2022</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Sanjay S. Shukla, M.D., M.S.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:10pt;;text-indent:-10pt;;font-style:italic;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Principal Executive Officer)</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Jill M. Broadfoot </p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:10pt;;text-indent:-10pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Chief Financial Officer</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 11, 2022</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Jill M. Broadfoot</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:10pt;;text-indent:-10pt;;font-style:italic;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ John K. Clarke</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:10pt;;text-indent:-10pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Chairman of the Board and Director</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 11, 2022</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">John K. Clarke</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Jane A. Gross</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:10pt;;text-indent:-10pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 11, 2022</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Jane A. Gross, Ph.D.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Timothy P. Couglin</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:10pt;;text-indent:-10pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 11, 2022</p></td>
</tr>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Timothy P. Coughlin</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:10pt;;text-indent:-10pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Svetlana Lucas</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:10pt;;text-indent:-10pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 11, 2022</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Svetlana Lucas, Ph.D.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:10pt;;text-indent:-10pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Paul Schimmel</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:10pt;;text-indent:-10pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 11, 2022</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Paul Schimmel, Ph.D.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Sara L. Zaknoen</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:10pt;;text-indent:-10pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 11, 2022</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0pt;padding-Right:0pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Sara L. Zaknoen, M.D.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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life-s8.htm
As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 11, 2022
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-8
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
ATYR PHARMA, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
20-3435077
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite #250
San Diego, CA 92121
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
ATYR PHARMA, INC. 2015 STOCK OPTION AND INCENTIVE PLAN, AS AMENDED
ATYR PHARMA, INC. 2015 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN, AS AMENDED
ATYR PHARMA, INC. NON-QUALIFIED STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT FOR NON-PLAN INDUCEMENT GRANTS
ATYR PHARMA, INC. 2022 INDUCEMENT PLAN
(Full title of the plans)
Sanjay S. Shukla, M.D., M.S.
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite #250
San Diego, CA 92121
(858) 731-8389
(Name and address of agent for service) (Telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer,  a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer,"  "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☐
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☒
Smaller reporting company
☒
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.
☐
As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 11, 2022
Registration No. 333-
PART I
INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE SECTION 10(a) PROSPECTUS
The information called for by Part I of Form S-8 is omitted from this Registration Statement in accordance with Rule 428 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "
Securities Act
"), and the instructions to Form S-8. In accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "
Commission
") and the instructions to Form S-8, such documents are not being filed with the Commission either as part of this Registration Statement or as prospectuses or prospectus supplements pursuant to Rule 424 of the Securities Act.
PART II
INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Item 3.
Incorporation of Documents by Reference.
The following documents filed by aTyr Pharma, Inc. (the "
Registrant
") with the Commission are incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement:
(a)
the Registrant's Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the Commission on March 15, 2022;
(b)
the Registrant's Quarterly Report on
Form 10-
Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 filed with the Commission on May 10, 2022;
(c)
the Registrant's Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on
April 13, 2022
(as amended on
April 14, 2022
),
April 22, 2022
and
April 29, 2022
; and
(d)
the description of the Registrant's common stock which is contained in a Registration Statement on
Form 8-A
filed on May 6, 2015 (File No. 001-37378) under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "
Exchange Act
"), including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.
All other reports and documents subsequently filed by the Registrant pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act (other than Current Reports furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits furnished on such form that relate to such items) on or after the date of this Registration Statement and prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement which indicates that all securities offered have been sold or which deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference herein and to be a part of this Registration Statement from the date of the filing of such reports and documents. Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Registration Statement to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any subsequently filed document that also is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this Registration Statement.
Item 4.
Description of Securities.
Not applicable.
Item 5.
Interests of Named Experts and Counsel.
Not applicable.
Item 6.
Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "
DGCL
") authorizes a corporation to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities arising out of actions, suits and proceedings to which they are made or threatened to be made a party by reason of the fact that they have served or are currently serving as a director or officer to a corporation. The indemnity may cover expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the director or officer in connection with any such action, suit or proceeding. Section 145 permits corporations to pay expenses
2
(including attorneys' fees) incurred by directors and officers in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding. In addition, Section 145 provides that a corporation has the power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of its directors and officers against any liability asserted against them and incurred by them in their capacity as a director or officer, or arising out of their status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the director or officer against such liability under Section 145.
The Registrant has adopted provisions in the Registrant's certificate of incorporation and bylaws that limit or eliminate the personal liability of the Registrant's directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as it now exists or may in the future be amended. Consequently, a director or officer will not be personally liable to the Registrant or its stockholders for monetary damages or breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability for:
•
any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the Registrant or its stockholders;
•
any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
•
any unlawful payments related to dividends or unlawful stock purchases, redemptions or other distributions; or
•
any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
These limitations of liability do not alter director liability under the federal securities laws and do not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as an injunction or rescission.
In addition, the Registrant's bylaws provide that:
•
the Registrant will indemnify its directors, officers and, in the discretion of its board of directors, certain employees to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as it now exists or may in the future be amended; and
•
the Registrant will advance reasonable expenses, including attorneys' fees, to its directors and, in the discretion of its board of directors, to its officers and certain employees, in connection with legal proceedings relating to their service for or on behalf of the Registrant, subject to limited exceptions.
The Registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and intends to enter into such agreements with certain of its executive officers. These agreements provide that the Registrant will indemnify each of its directors, certain of its executive officers and, at times, their affiliates to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL. The Registrant will advance expenses, including attorneys' fees (but excluding judgments, fines and settlement amounts), to each indemnified director, executive officer or affiliate in connection with any proceeding in which indemnification is available and the Registrant will indemnify its directors and officers for any action or proceeding arising out of that person's services as a director or officer brought on behalf of the Registrant or in furtherance of the Registrant's rights. Additionally, certain of the Registrant's directors may have certain rights to indemnification, advancement of expenses or insurance provided by their affiliates, which indemnification relates to and might apply to the same proceedings arising out of such director's services as a director referenced herein. Nonetheless, the Registrant has agreed in the indemnification agreements that the Registrant's obligations to those same directors are primary and any obligation of the affiliates of those directors to advance expenses or to provide indemnification for the expenses or liabilities incurred by those directors are secondary.
The Registrant also maintains general liability insurance which covers certain liabilities of its directors and officers arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or officers, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
Item 7.
Exemption from Registration Claimed.
Not applicable.
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Item 8.
Exhibits.
The exhibits to this Registration Statement are listed below:
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit Title
Form
File No.
Exhibit
Filing Date
3.1
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant
S-1/A
333-203272
3.2
May 1, 2015
3.2
Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant
8-K
001-37378
3.1
June 28, 2019
3.3
Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant
10-Q
001-37378
3.3
May 12, 2020
3.4
Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant
8-K
001-37378
3.1
May 4, 2021
3.4
Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant
8-K
001-37378
3.1
April 29, 2022
3.5
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant
S-1/A
333-203272
3.4
April 27, 2015
3.6
Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Class X Convertible Preferred Stock
8-K
001-37378
3.1
August 31, 2017
4.1
Specimen
Common
Stock
Certificate
S-1/A
333-203272
4.1
April 27, 2015
4.2
Warrant to Purchase Stock issued to Silicon Valley Bank on July 24, 2013
S-1
333-203272
4.4
April 6, 2015
4.3
Warrant to Purchase Stock issued to Silicon Valley Bank on November 18, 2016
10-K
001-37378
4.5
March 16, 2017
4.4
Warrant to Purchase Stock issued to Solar Capital Ltd on November 18, 2016
10-K
001-37378
4.6
March 16, 2017
4.5
Warrant to Purchase Stock issued to Silicon Valley Bank on June 30, 2017
10-Q
001-37378
4.7
August 14, 2017
4.6
Warrant to Purchase Stock issued to Solar Capital Ltd on June 30, 2017
10-Q
001-37378
4.8
August 14, 2017
4.7
Warrant to Purchase Stock issued to Silicon Valley Bank on December 22, 2017
10-K
001-37378
4.8
March 20, 2018
4.8
Warrant to Purchase Stock issued to Solar Capital Ltd on December 22, 2017
10-K
001-37378
4.9
March 20, 2018
4.9
Registration Rights Agreement, by and between the Registrant and Aspire Capital Fund, LLC, dated September 11, 2020
8-K
001-37378
4.1
September 14, 2020
5.1
Opinion of Cooley LLP
—
—
—
Filed herewith
23.1
Consent of Cooley LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
—
—
—
Filed herewith
23.2
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
—
—
—
Filed herewith
24.1
Power of Attorney (included on the signature page hereto)
—
—
—
Filed herewith
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Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit Title
Form
File No.
Exhibit
Filing Date
99.1
aTyr Pharma Inc. 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended
8-K
001-37378
10.1
April 29, 2022
99.2
Forms of agreement under 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
S-1/A
333-203272
10.2
April 27, 2015
99.3
aTyr Pharma, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended
8-K
001-37378
10.2
April 29, 2022
99.4
aTyr Pharma, Inc. Non-Qualified Option Agreement for Non-Plan Inducement Grant
10-Q
001-37378
10.1
November 14, 2016
99.5
aTyr Pharma, Inc. 2022 Inducement Plan
10-Q
001-37378
10.3
May 10, 2022
99.6
Form of Grant Notice and Stock Option Agreement under aTyr Pharma, Inc. 2022 Inducement Plan
10-Q
001-37378
10.4
May 10, 2022
107
Filing Fee Table
—
—
—
Filed herewith
Item 9.
Undertakings.
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee" table in the effective registration statement;
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
Provided, however
, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) of this section shall not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the
5
undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant's annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Diego, State of California, this 11th day of May, 2022.
ATYR PHARMA, INC.
By:
/s/ Sanjay S. Shukla
Sanjay S. Shukla, M.D., M.S.
President and Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES
We, the undersigned officers and directors of aTyr Pharma, Inc., hereby severally constitute and appoint Sanjay S. Shukla, M.D., M.S. and Jill M. Broadfoot, and each of them singly (with full power to each of them to act alone), our true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution in each of them for him and in his name, place and stead, and in any and all capacities, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement on Form S-8, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in and about the premises, as full to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated below.
Signature
Title
Date
/s/ Sanjay S. Shukla
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
May 11, 2022
Sanjay S. Shukla, M.D., M.S.
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Jill M. Broadfoot
Chief Financial Officer
May 11, 2022
Jill M. Broadfoot
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ John K. Clarke
Chairman of the Board and Director
May 11, 2022
John K. Clarke
/s/ Jane A. Gross
Director
May 11, 2022
Jane A. Gross, Ph.D.
/s/ Timothy P. Couglin
Director
May 11, 2022
Timothy P. Coughlin
/s/ Svetlana Lucas
Director
May 11, 2022
Svetlana Lucas, Ph.D.
/s/ Paul Schimmel
Director
May 11, 2022
Paul Schimmel, Ph.D.
/s/ Sara L. Zaknoen
Director
May 11, 2022
Sara L. Zaknoen, M.D.
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