PL9fwy3NUQKwYBFfMQ7WkgiguUA_8aXeXd/Ev3PGmWnexI.srt

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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم السلام عليكم ورحمة الله 

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وبركاته الجزء الثاني من محاضرة الأسبوع الخامس رح 

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تكون على ventricles of the brain and CSF 

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circulation. The brain and spinal cord float within

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a protective bath of cerebrospinal fluid. الدماغ و

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الحبل الشوكي بيسبحوا في حوض من السائل الدماغي 

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الشوكي. CSF is produced by the choroidal plexus 

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واحنا عارفين في ال ventricular system في ال

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choroidal plexus أصلها جاية من invagination of the

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pia mater و ال choroidal plexus contains ependymal

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cells و ال ependymal cells تقوم بـ production لـ ال

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CSF. Each part of the central nervous system contains

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a component of the ventricular system. يعني لو 

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اتكلمنا على ال cerebral hemisphere في lateral

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ventricle، diencephalon في third ventricle، في

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الcerebellum و المَـدُلة و ال pons في fourth

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ventricle، في ال midbrain في silvius aqueduct أو

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بنسميها cerebral aqueduct. الـ ventricles contain

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about 35 milliliter of cerebrospinal fluid. The 

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ventricles of the brain there 

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are four interconnected ventricles of the brain.

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في عندنا four ventricles. lateral ventricles البطين 

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الجانبي right and left lateral ventricle. third

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ventricle. البطين الثالث and fourth ventricle

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البطين الرابع. يبقى عندنا four interconnected

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ventricles. two lateral ventricles and one third

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ventricle and a fourth ventricle. اللحظة هنا عندي 

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lateral ventricle.

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left and right lateral ventricle. بعدها بيجي third 

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ventricle وفي الآخر في عندي ايه؟ fourth ventricle.

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هنا عندي في الصورة واضح cavity

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of right lateral ventricle. بعدين هنا في بتكون 

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cavity of third ventricle. وهنا فيه اللي هي cavity 

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of a fourth ventricle. و ال connection القناة اللي 

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بتوصل ما بين ال third ventricle و ال fourth 

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ventricle اسمها silvius aqueduct أو cerebral

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aqueduct. اسمها silvius aqueduct أو cerebral

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aqueduct أو بنسميها aqueduct of midbrain. نبدأ 

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بـ lateral ventricle. لدينا two lateral ventricles.

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right and left lateral ventricles side.

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lateral ventricles عبارة عن cavity of cerebral

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hemispheres. يعني انها right cerebral hemisphere و

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left cerebral hemisphere. كل cerebral hemisphere

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اللي لهم cavity اسمه lateral ventricles. يعني انها

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right and left lateral ventricles. لو اتكلمنا عن ال

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origin of lateral

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ventricles بيكون جاي من telencephalon أو 

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prosencephalon. communication 

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no any direct connections between right and left

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lateral ventricles. يعني مافي انها direct

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connection between right and left lateral 

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ventricle. نرسمهم مع بعض الآن. هي ان انا برسم

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أنا رسمت right وهي برسم فيه left lateral 

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ventricle. يعني عندي 

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right lateral ventricle و left lateral ventricle.

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okay. no direct connection between both lateral 

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ventricles. تمام. بعدها بدنا نرسم

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third ventricle.

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بين ال lateral ventricle و ال third ventricle في 

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foramen. left interventricular foramen of Monro و

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هنا في right interventricular foramen of Monro.

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يعني احنا رسلنا left lateral ventricle و right

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lateral ventricle و رسمنا third ventricle. no

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direct connection between both lateral ventricles

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but presented indirect connection. من خلال ايه؟ 

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interventricular foramen of Monro. كم Monro فينا؟

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فينا two foramen of Monro. فينا left foramen of 

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Monro و في right foramen of Monro. يبقى ال

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communication بتاع ال lateral ventricle. H lateral

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ventricle communicates with the third ventricle

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through interventricular foramen of Monro. right 

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and left.

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What's the part of the lateral ventricle؟ إيش 

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أجزاء ال lateral ventricle؟ ال lateral ventricle 

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contains anterior horn أو frontal horn. located in 

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frontal lobe، posterior horn أو occipital horn

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located in occipital lobe، inferior horn أو

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temporal horn. located in temporal lobe. مين راح 

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يزعل؟ ال parietal lobe ما يزعلش. ال parietal lobe و

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في جزء اسمه body أو central part of the lateral

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ventricle which is located in the parietal lobe. و

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في شيء اسمه trigon أو atrium. دي dilation at the

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meeting of the inferior and posterior horn. وين

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بتقابل ال anterior و ال posterior horn. نشوف مع بعض 

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على الصورة. هنا في الخلف عندي هنا posterior horn

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posterior horn و في الأمام بيكون anterior horn. وهنا 

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إيش ال body أو ال central part. body أو ال central 

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part مش هينبين انها الأجزاء الثانية. يعني يعني عندي

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في posterior horn بتكون في ال occipital lobe. في

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anterior horn بتكون في ال frontal lobe وفي body 

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بتكون في parietal lobe. في parietal lobe. واضح 

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عندي هنا 

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anterior horn, posterior horn، و تحت في ال temporal 

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lobe في inferior horn. يعني frontal horn، occipital 

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horn، temporal horn. أو اسم ثاني: anterior horn،

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posterior horn، inferior horn. طب و المكان تلاقي 

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الـ inferior horn مع الـ posterior horn. هذا المكان 

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بنسميه trigon، بنسميه trigon أو atrium of lateral

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ventricle.

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لاحظوا هنا على شاشة تلفزيون عندي anterior horn,

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posterior horn, inferior horn, body، و هذا المكان 

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بنسميه atrium أو trigon. هو مكان تلاقي ال posterior

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horn مع ال inferior horn، لكن الأصح لو قلنا أصح 

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كمان هو عبارة عن تلاقي ما بين posterior horn مع ال

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inferior horn و ال body. مكان بتلاقى فيه ال body مع 

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ال posterior horn و ال inferior horn. لكن الكتب 

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بيكتبوا هو عبارة عن مكان وين بتلاقى فيه ال

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posterior horn مع ال inferior horn. الأصح تلاقي ما

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بين posterior horn و inferior horn and body of 

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lateral ventricle and body of lateral ventricle.

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لاحظوا هنا في foramen. هنا واحد، اثنين. واحد بيكون مع ال 

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left lateral ventricle و مع ال right lateral

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ventricle. هذول communication مع مين؟ مع ال third 

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ventricle. مع ايه؟ مع ال third ventricle. مع ال

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third ventricle. اسمه Interventricular Foramen of

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Monro. Interventricular Foramen of Monro. هذا 

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واضح على ال axial cut. هذا anterior horn و هذا 

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posterior horn أو هذا posterior horn و هذا trigon 

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أو atrium. تجي هنا trigon أو atrium. ننتقل

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الآن لـ third ventricle. third ventricle عبارة عن cavity. هو

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cavity of diencephalon. it is a narrow cavity situated

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in the midline between the right and left thalamus

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و الهيبوثلامس. بين ال right و ال left. في adhesion 

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بنسميها interthalamic adhesion. هي هذي اللي أنا 

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رسمتها. هي عبارة عن interthalamic adhesion.

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interthalamic ايه؟ adhesion. يعني هذا المكان

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connection between right and left thalami. okay. ال

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origin of third ventricle from diencephalon أو 

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كمان صح prosencephalon.

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هنا عندي ال axial cut. هذا هو ال third ventricle اللي 

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بيجي في النصف من المنتصف و بيحده من الشمال و

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اليمين left thalamus و right thalamus. غير هيك بيمر

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في شيء اسمه interthalamic adhesion. connections

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between left and right ثلامي. يبقى هي عبارة عن 

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connection between left and right ثلامي. كام third 

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ventricle؟ عندنا one third ventricle. عندنا one

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third ventricle. ننتقل لـ communications of third 

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ventricle. أول communication أنا اتكلمت عنها 

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anterior superiorly. من الأمام ومن أعلى the third 

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ventricle communicates with a lateral ventricle.

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يعني ال third ventricle communicates with both

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lateral ventricles. Okay. كمان مرة اللي هو ال third

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ventricle communicates anterior superiorly with 

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both lateral ventricles. من طريق ايه؟ أو عن طريق

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ايه؟ عن طريق interventricular foramen of Monro. كم 

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Monro عندي؟ left and right Monro. يبقى خلصنا من 

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الاعلى. طب من أسفل 

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Posterior inferiorly. Posterior

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inferiorly communicates with fourth ventricle. with 

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ايه؟

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with fourth ventricle. عن طريق ايه؟ هذه fourth

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ventricle.

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عن طريق aqueduct أو بنسميه cerebral... cerebral

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aqueduct أو له اسم ثاني: silvius aqueduct. يعني 

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silvius aqueduct أو cerebral aqueduct تعمل 

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connection ما بين ال third ventricle مع ال fourth

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كمان مرة نعيد. communication of third ventricle.

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anterior superiorly. من الأمام ومن أعلى 

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communicates

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مع both lateral ventricles. عن طريق ايه؟

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Interventricular foramen of Monro. two Monro.

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اثنين. posterior inferiorly. من الخلف ومن تحت 

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communicates with fourth ventricle. عن طريق ايه؟ 

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sylvius أو cerebral aqueduct اللي هو يعتبر cavity

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of midbrain. cavity of midbrain. هاي عندنا

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interthalamic adhesion. هاي Monro foramen. وهي عندي

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ايه؟ cerebral aqueduct اللي بربط ما بين 

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third ventricle مع مين؟ مع fourth ventricle. و 

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anterior superior ليه؟ عندي من عندي 

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في ايه؟

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Monro foramen. Right 

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and left بيعمل connection بين ال lateral ventricle

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مع مين؟ مع ال third ventricle. يعني هي عندي lateral 

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ventricles عن طريق Monro ارتبطوا مع ال third 

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ventricle. ال third ventricle عن طريق cerebral aqueduct

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مع مين؟ مع ال fourth ventricle. هاد ال 

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communication between the ventricular system. واضح 

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ان دي lateral ventricle communicates مع ال third

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ventricle عن طريق interventricular foramen of 

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Monro and right and left Monro. بعدين third 

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ventricle عن طريق cerebral aqueduct أو sylvius 

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aqueduct communicates with ايش؟ with fourth 

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ventricle.

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الآن بنتقل لل fourth ventricle.

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هذا 

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left lateral ventricle.

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okay. fourth

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ventricle. it is cavity of hindbrain و ممكن اقول it

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is cavity of rhombencephalon. وين موجود؟ located

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between cerebellum 

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and pons medulla oblongata. يعني بيحدوا من الخلف 

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ال cerebellum و بيحدوا من الأمام ال pons و ال upper 

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medulla أو open medulla. طيب بكلام ثاني لو بدي أصيغه 

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superior angle و inferior angle و lateral angle

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superior angle بفتح فيه اللي هو the silvius aqueduct

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أو the cerebral aqueduct من أعلى ال superior angle

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inferior angle بيمر في ال central spinal canal

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بيمر في ال closed medulla طيب و ال lateral angle

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right and left lateral angle بيمر فيه foramen اسمه

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right luschka foramen و left luschka foramen كمان

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مرة في عندي superior angle تشوف مع الصورة هيهم هي

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superior angle مين فاتح فيه فاتح اللي هو

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the cerebral aqueduct هذا في ال superior angle طب في

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ال inferior angle هي inferior angle بفتح

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فيه the central

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central

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the Central Spinal Canal اللي بيمر وين؟

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أول شي بيمر في الـ Closed Medulla وبعدين بيمر في

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the Spinal Cord يبقى عندي Inferior Angle فاتح فيه اللي

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هو the Central Spinal Canal وفي Superior Angle فاتح

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the Cerebral أو the Silvius Aqueduct وفي عندي Lateral

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Angle the Lateral Angle Right and Left lateral angle

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بفتح فيهم foramen على ال right اسمه right luschka foramen

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وعلى ال left اسمه left luschka foramen يبقى

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بالطريقة هذه أنا شرحتلكم ال angles of the fourth

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ventricle الآن

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صار الموضوع سهل communications of the fourth

225
00:22:27,480 --> 00:22:32,860
ventricle انا اتكلمت عن communication بين ال fourth

226
00:22:32,860 --> 00:22:40,720
ventricle ها هي و ال third ventricle اسمها the silvius

227
00:22:40,720 --> 00:22:44,140
أو the cerebral aqueduct بتكون فاتحة في ال superior

228
00:22:44,140 --> 00:22:49,560
angle طب في ال inferior angle في communications

229
00:22:49,560 --> 00:22:57,400
اسمها the central

230
00:23:01,100 --> 00:23:09,160
spinal canal طيب

231
00:23:09,160 --> 00:23:16,420
في ال lateral angle على ال right و على ال left في

232
00:23:16,420 --> 00:23:24,340
right and left foramina

233
00:23:24,340 --> 00:23:27,720
luschka

234
00:23:30,810 --> 00:23:34,810
طيب في ال media .. بصير ال media في ال .. في ال

235
00:23:34,810 --> 00:23:40,490
report فيها foramen

236
00:23:40,490 --> 00:23:44,670
مجندي

237
00:23:44,670 --> 00:23:50,970
.. foramen مجندي أو مجندي يقول عندي كام صاروا ..

238
00:23:50,970 --> 00:23:54,970
صاروا أربعة صاروا كام foramen أو communication أربعة

239
00:23:55,910 --> 00:24:00,810
the Cerebral Aqueduct أو the Central أو the Sylvius Aqueduct

240
00:24:00,810 --> 00:24:04,690
هو عبارة عن connection between the fourth and the third

241
00:24:04,690 --> 00:24:10,390
ventricle the Central Spinal Canal بيصرف جزء من ال CSF

242
00:24:10,390 --> 00:24:16,800
على ال central spinal canal لمين؟ لل spinal cord و

243
00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:21,160
ثلاثة foramina .. يعني ثلاثة foramina لوشكا foramina

244
00:24:21,160 --> 00:24:24,340
بيكون ال lateral أو ماجيندي foramen بيكون

245
00:24:24,340 --> 00:24:30,450
posterior هدول بيصرفوا ال CSF من ال fourth

246
00:24:30,450 --> 00:24:36,530
ventricle لل subarachnoid space and the subarachnoid

247
00:24:36,530 --> 00:24:40,210
cistern the subarachnoid space and the subarachnoid

248
00:24:40,210 --> 00:24:45,970
cistern واحنا اتفجنا أن ال cistern هي عبارة عن

249
00:24:45,970 --> 00:24:54,690
widening place of the subarachnoid space هاي

250
00:24:54,690 --> 00:24:58,630
ممكن مرة نشرحهم هنا communications أو نشوف صورة

251
00:24:58,630 --> 00:24:58,950
ثانية

252
00:25:02,160 --> 00:25:05,680
هنا واضح هي ال communication بتاعة ال fourth

253
00:25:05,680 --> 00:25:10,960
ventricle نرسم ال fourth ventricle هذا هو ال ايه

254
00:25:10,960 --> 00:25:18,400
fourth ventricle أول

255
00:25:18,400 --> 00:25:22,500
communication مع ال superior angle عن طريق

256
00:25:22,500 --> 00:25:29,040
the cerebral aqueduct أو the sylvius aqueduct هي أول واحد

257
00:25:30,920 --> 00:25:35,680
the Central Spinal Canal في الـ Closed Medulla وبعدين

258
00:25:35,680 --> 00:25:41,900
في the Spinal Cord ثلاثة وأربعة في الـ Lateral بيكون

259
00:25:41,900 --> 00:25:47,740
عندي فرع من the Luschka Right and Left و posteriorly

260
00:25:47,740 --> 00:25:53,070
بيكون فرع من the Magendie السيلفياس اكويداكت أو

261
00:25:53,070 --> 00:25:56,470
the cerebral aqueduct بربط ال third ventricle مع ال

262
00:25:56,470 --> 00:26:03,670
fourth ventricle the Central spinal canal بعمل

263
00:26:03,670 --> 00:26:06,970
connection ما بين ال fourth ventricle مع ال

264
00:26:06,970 --> 00:26:11,090
the central spinal canal بتاعة ال spinal cordفورا من

265
00:26:11,090 --> 00:26:15,370
اللوشكا أو ماجيندي بيصرفوا ال CSF من ال fourth

266
00:26:15,370 --> 00:26:20,010
ventricle لال the subarachnoid space وال the subarachnoid

267
00:26:20,010 --> 00:26:24,190
cistern وقولنا ال cistern هي عبارة عن the widening

268
00:26:24,190 --> 00:26:32,310
place of the subarachnoid space هيك بيكون أنا شرحتلكم

269
00:26:32,310 --> 00:26:39,700
ال ventricular system هاي واضح the sylvius aqueduct أو

270
00:26:39,700 --> 00:26:43,140
the cerebroacviduct واضح عندي the central spinal canal

271
00:26:43,140 --> 00:26:47,720
واضح عن اللوشكا ماجيندي foramen وفي ال lateral

272
00:26:47,720 --> 00:26:54,080
بيكون two luschka foramina the cerebrospinal fluid أخر

273
00:26:54,080 --> 00:26:58,340
جزئية في المحاضرة the cerebrospinal fluid هي عبارة عن

274
00:26:58,340 --> 00:27:04,040
fluid which circulates in the ventricles and the

275
00:27:04,040 --> 00:27:11,200
central canal of the CNS وأيضًا تدفع إلى الـ

276
00:27:11,200 --> 00:27:18,340
the Subarachnoid space الـ production of the CSF بتتم من

277
00:27:18,340 --> 00:27:23,220
ال ependymal cells موجودة في the choroid plexuses of

278
00:27:23,220 --> 00:27:27,560
the lateral third and fourth ventricle لكن أكتر شيء

279
00:27:27,560 --> 00:27:33,410
بيكون في ال lateral ventricle بين دايما بتعمل

280
00:27:33,410 --> 00:27:40,610
extraction أو production لل CSF من ال capillaries

281
00:27:40,610 --> 00:27:45,630
بتاعة ال arteries وبتعمل عملية فلترة وبتخرج ال CSF من

282
00:27:45,630 --> 00:27:48,210
ال blood من ال arterial blood في ال ventricular

283
00:27:48,210 --> 00:27:53,910
system the circulation of the CSF سيبونا من ال slide هذا

284
00:27:53,910 --> 00:27:58,410
نتبع مع بعض على the slide هنا أو بتقول على ال slide

285
00:27:58,410 --> 00:28:01,730
اللي أنا رسمته نفس الشيء على الصورة اللي رسمتها الـ

286
00:28:01,730 --> 00:28:07,190
CSF اللي تم اله production من الـ third ventricle

287
00:28:07,190 --> 00:28:11,910
بعبر عن طريق الـ interventricular foramen of Monro

288
00:28:11,910 --> 00:28:16,690
right and left و بيروح لوين؟ لل third ventricle ها

289
00:28:16,690 --> 00:28:25,090
ايه دخل و راحوا لوين؟ ل .. نرسم بلون ثاني و راحوا

290
00:28:25,090 --> 00:28:29,350
ل .. لل third ventricle

291
00:28:35,420 --> 00:28:39,120
هيو بيسلموا على ال third ventricle و بياخدوا ال

292
00:28:39,120 --> 00:28:43,660
CSF من ال third ventricle و بيدخلوا لوين؟

293
00:28:43,660 --> 00:28:48,640
ل the cerebral aqueduct و

294
00:28:48,640 --> 00:28:53,320
بيروحوا لوين؟ لال third من ال third ventricle

295
00:28:53,320 --> 00:28:57,980
بيروحوا لال fourth ventricle جزء بسيط من ال CSF

296
00:28:58,630 --> 00:29:03,510
بيروح ل the central spinal canal ل the central spinal

297
00:29:03,510 --> 00:29:08,730
canal الجزء الأكبر بيغادر ال ventricles عن طريق

298
00:29:08,730 --> 00:29:12,570
ماجيندي foramina و لوشكا foramina right and left

299
00:29:12,570 --> 00:29:17,710
بيغادروا من لوشكا و من ماجيندي foramina و أين

300
00:29:17,710 --> 00:29:25,070
بيطلعوا؟ ال the subarachnoid space of the brain and the

301
00:29:25,070 --> 00:29:30,710
subarachnoid space of the spinal cord هيك بالطريقة هذه

302
00:29:30,710 --> 00:29:35,570
أنا شرحتلكوا كله على ال slide واضح و سلس و سهل و

303
00:29:35,570 --> 00:29:42,250
مش صعب نتبع

304
00:29:42,250 --> 00:29:46,850
مع بعض السلس اللي جابنا نشوفه The CSF in each

305
00:29:46,850 --> 00:29:49,490
lateral ventricle بيمورف الـ the Interventricular

306
00:29:49,490 --> 00:29:54,010
Foramen of Monroe بعد ذلك للثيرد Ventricle عن طريق

307
00:29:54,010 --> 00:29:58,090
the Aqueduct of Silvius أو the Silvius Aqueduct بيمورفيه

308
00:29:58,090 --> 00:30:02,110
وبعدها بنتجل لل fourth ventricle جزء من ال CSF

309
00:30:02,110 --> 00:30:06,090
بيروح لل the Central Spinal Canal والجزء الأكبر بيروح

310
00:30:06,090 --> 00:30:10,230
عن طريق ثلاثة foramina ماجيندي و لوشكا foramina

311
00:30:10,230 --> 00:30:14,930
بيروح لها ال the subarachnoid space و ال the subarachnoid

312
00:30:14,930 --> 00:30:19,150
cistern من ضمنهم the cerebellum medullary cistern و

313
00:30:19,150 --> 00:30:23,590
pontine cistern كمان هدول موجودين في ال the subarachnoid

314
00:30:23,590 --> 00:30:28,740
space منهم بيروح لل the subarachnoid space بتاعة ال

315
00:30:28,740 --> 00:30:32,500
brain وال the spinal cord هيك بيكون عاملنا واتكلمنا

316
00:30:32,500 --> 00:30:38,570
على ال circulation of the CSF طب absorption of the CSF؟ ال

317
00:30:38,570 --> 00:30:43,390
absorption of the CSF بتتم عن طريق اللي هي the arachnoid

318
00:30:43,390 --> 00:30:47,370
villi and the arachnoid granulation شرحت لكم بيام في

319
00:30:47,370 --> 00:30:51,350
the arachnoid مطر و بيتم absorption و reabsorption

320
00:30:51,350 --> 00:30:56,050
بتاعة ال CSF لل the dural venous sinuses و من ال

321
00:30:56,050 --> 00:30:58,910
the dural venous sinuses بتروح على ال the jugular vein و

322
00:30:58,910 --> 00:31:02,430
منهم بتروح على ال the venous blood و ال the venous blood

323
00:31:02,430 --> 00:31:10,100
stream لل the right atrium of the heart هذا واضح

324
00:31:10,100 --> 00:31:13,560
عندي اللي هم the arachnoid granulation الـ the arachnoid

325
00:31:13,560 --> 00:31:16,300
villi بيكونوا microscopic بياخدوا ال CSF من ال the sub

326
00:31:16,300 --> 00:31:19,660
the arachnoid space و بيسلموه لل the dural venous sinuses

327
00:31:19,660 --> 00:31:23,700
what's the function of the CSF؟ ايش ال functions تبع

328
00:31:23,700 --> 00:31:29,120
ال CSF؟ أول شي support and protect the CNS against

329
00:31:29,120 --> 00:31:34,420
trauma بيعملوا عملية امتصاص للصدماتTake place of

330
00:31:34,420 --> 00:31:38,620
the lymph بعملوا protection لل CNNS من ال micro

331
00:31:38,620 --> 00:31:44,700
organism the Regulation of the intracranial pressure

332
00:31:46,010 --> 00:31:49,250
لأنه احنا أول شي برجع لرقم اتنين قلنا بيعملوا

333
00:31:49,250 --> 00:31:52,590
عملية protection against microorganism لإنه ال CNS

334
00:31:52,590 --> 00:31:56,810
مافيش في ال CNS the lymph أو the lymph nodes أو the lymphatic

335
00:31:56,810 --> 00:32:01,730
vessels مين بيقوم في الحاجة هذه اللي هو ال CSF زاد

336
00:32:01,730 --> 00:32:06,670
اللي هو the microglial cells the regulation of the

337
00:32:06,670 --> 00:32:10,330
intracranial pressure remove metabolites and

338
00:32:10,330 --> 00:32:13,810
toxics from the central nervous system and

339
00:32:13,810 --> 00:32:18,970
the nourishment function of the CNS بيعملوا عملية تغذية لل

340
00:32:18,970 --> 00:32:23,290
the CNS هنا بزيلوا المواد والفضلات اللي بتخرج من

341
00:32:23,290 --> 00:32:27,310
الميتابوليزم والمواد السامة من ال brain الـ

342
00:32:27,310 --> 00:32:32,430
Characters of the normal CSF the Appearance بيكون

343
00:32:32,430 --> 00:32:35,970
Clear Water Fluid the Isotonic بيكون لون لون الماء ال

344
00:32:35,970 --> 00:32:39,510
the amount حوالي 100 ل 150 ملي لتر ال the replacement

345
00:32:39,510 --> 00:32:45,150
بتغير تلات مرات هذا ال CSF بيحدث the production تقريبا

346
00:32:45,150 --> 00:32:48,590
تلاتة من عشرة لاربع من عشرة ملي لتر بالدقيقة

347
00:32:48,590 --> 00:32:53,770
الواحدة في اليوم بيصنع جسمنا من أربع مية لخمس مائة

348
00:32:53,770 --> 00:32:59,380
ملي لتر the CSF ال pressure بتاعه 100 ل 180 millimeter

349
00:32:59,380 --> 00:33:02,720
of water ال the blood pressure بيكون of mercury هنا

350
00:33:02,720 --> 00:33:06,960
of water ال the rate of the production قلناه the cells بيكونوا

351
00:33:06,960 --> 00:33:10,100
ال cells ال the white blood cells بيكونوا من 0 ل 5 و

352
00:33:10,100 --> 00:33:13,580
بيكونوا كلهم the lymphocytes بيكونوا كلهم the lymphocytes

353
00:33:13,580 --> 00:33:17,440
ولا واحدة neutrophils ال the RBCs كلوات الدم الحمراء

354
00:33:17,440 --> 00:33:19,900
لازم تكون zero مش موجودة كلوات الدم الحمراء

355
00:33:20,390 --> 00:33:25,450
the glucose 60 ميلي جرام لديسلتر و أصحى نقول 70% من

356
00:33:25,450 --> 00:33:27,530
the Ceramic Glucose لأنه ممكن المريض يكون مريض

357
00:33:27,530 --> 00:33:30,770
سكر، سكره عالي أو العكس، سكره محروق يبقى بتتم

358
00:33:30,770 --> 00:33:33,830
المقارنة مع الـ the Ceramic Glucose و الـ the Total

359
00:33:33,830 --> 00:33:39,090
the Protein من 15 ل 50 ميلي جرام لديسلتر، أنا بدي أشرح

360
00:33:39,090 --> 00:33:43,600
بس لو .. لو حدث the tumor هنالو اجت the tumor في ال

361
00:33:43,600 --> 00:33:49,120
the midbrain أو في ال the cerebellum وضغط على ايه؟ على اللي

362
00:33:49,120 --> 00:33:52,220
هو ال the Sylvius aqueduct، the cerebral aqueduct في

363
00:33:52,220 --> 00:33:56,940
الحالة هذه بيحدث عندنا حاجة اسمها the hydrocephalus،

364
00:33:56,940 --> 00:34:00,450
بيصير انتفاخ في البطين في الحالة هاد راح يصير

365
00:34:00,450 --> 00:34:04,130
the dilatation في ال third ventricle و ال both

366
00:34:04,130 --> 00:34:09,150
ventricles لكن لو حدث the exclusion في one monroe يصير

367
00:34:09,150 --> 00:34:12,910
the dilatation في one lateral ventricle two monroe في

368
00:34:12,910 --> 00:34:15,770
ال two lateral ventricles و هكذا

369
00:34:18,850 --> 00:34:21,890
بهيك بنكون إن شاء الله وصلنا لنهاية المحاضرة بتاعة

370
00:34:21,890 --> 00:34:25,070
ال mini G و هي ال the ventricular system of the brain

371
00:34:25,070 --> 00:34:27,870
and the cerebrospinal fluid circulation