old_contents: #!/usr/bin/env python
  # cardinal_pythonlib/typetests.py
  
  """
  ===============================================================================
  
      Original code copyright (C) 2009-2021 Rudolf Cardinal (rudolf@pobox.com).
  
      This file is part of cardinal_pythonlib.
  
      Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
      you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
      You may obtain a copy of the License at
  
          https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  
      Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
      distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
      See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
      limitations under the License.
  
  ===============================================================================
  
  **Short functions to test the type/value of an object.**
  
  """
  
  from typing import Any, Iterable
  
  
  # =============================================================================
  # Testers/validators
  # =============================================================================
  
  def is_integer(s: Any) -> bool:
      """
      Is the parameter an integer?
      """
      try:
          int(s)
          return True
      except ValueError:
          return False
  
  
  def raise_if_attr_blank(obj: Any, attrs: Iterable[str]) -> None:
      """
      Raise an :exc:`Exception` if any of the attributes of ``obj`` named in
      ``attrs`` is ``None`` or is ``''``.
      """
      for a in attrs:
          value = getattr(obj, a)
          if value is None or value is "":
              raise Exception(f"Blank attribute: {a}")
  
  
  # =============================================================================
  # bool
  # =============================================================================
  
  def is_false(x: Any) -> bool:
      """
      Positively false? Evaluates: ``not x and x is not None``.
      """
      # beware: "0 is False" evaluates to False -- AVOID "is False"!
      # ... but "0 == False" evaluates to True
      # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3647692/
      # ... but comparisons to booleans with "==" fail PEP8:
      # http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/
      # ... so use e.g. "bool(x)" or "x" or "not x"
      # http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/pyguide.html?showone=True/False_evaluations#True/False_evaluations  # noqa
      return not x and x is not None
  
new_contents: #!/usr/bin/env python
  # cardinal_pythonlib/typetests.py
  
  """
  ===============================================================================
  
      Original code copyright (C) 2009-2021 Rudolf Cardinal (rudolf@pobox.com).
  
      This file is part of cardinal_pythonlib.
  
      Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
      you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
      You may obtain a copy of the License at
  
          https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  
      Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
      distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
      See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
      limitations under the License.
  
  ===============================================================================
  
  **Short functions to test the type/value of an object.**
  
  """
  
  from typing import Any, Iterable
  
  
  # =============================================================================
  # Testers/validators
  # =============================================================================
  
  def is_integer(s: Any) -> bool:
      """
      Is the parameter an integer?
      """
      try:
          int(s)
          return True
      except ValueError:
          return False
  
  
  def raise_if_attr_blank(obj: Any, attrs: Iterable[str]) -> None:
      """
      Raise an :exc:`Exception` if any of the attributes of ``obj`` named in
      ``attrs`` is ``None`` or is ``''``.
      """
      for a in attrs:
          value = getattr(obj, a)
          if value is None or value == "":
              raise Exception(f"Blank attribute: {a}")
  
  
  # =============================================================================
  # bool
  # =============================================================================
  
  def is_false(x: Any) -> bool:
      """
      Positively false? Evaluates: ``not x and x is not None``.
      """
      # beware: "0 is False" evaluates to False -- AVOID "is False"!
      # ... but "0 == False" evaluates to True
      # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3647692/
      # ... but comparisons to booleans with "==" fail PEP8:
      # http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/
      # ... so use e.g. "bool(x)" or "x" or "not x"
      # http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/pyguide.html?showone=True/False_evaluations#True/False_evaluations  # noqa
      return not x and x is not None
  
subject: Fix comparison to blank string via 'is'