old_contents: #from django.shortcuts import render
  from django.http import HttpResponse
  from django.template import loader
  from .models import Question
  
  def index(request):
      latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
  
      template = loader.get_template('polls/index.html')
      context = {
          'latest_question_list': latest_question_list,
      }
      return HttpResponse(template.render(context, request))
      output = ', '.join([q.question_text for q in latest_question_list])
      return HttpResponse(output)
  
  def detail(request, question_id):
      return HttpResponse("You're looking at question %s." % question_id)
  
  def results(request, question_id):
      response = "You're looking at the results of question %s."
      return HttpResponse(response % question_id)
  
  def vote(request, question_id):
      return HttpResponse("You're voting on question %s." % question_id)
  
  
  
new_contents: from django.shortcuts import render
  from django.http import HttpResponse
  #from django.template import loader
  from .models import Question
  
  def index(request):
      latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
      context = {
          'latest_question_list': latest_question_list,
      }
      return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context)
  
  def detail(request, question_id):
      return HttpResponse("You're looking at question %s." % question_id)
  
  def results(request, question_id):
      response = "You're looking at the results of question %s."
      return HttpResponse(response % question_id)
  
  def vote(request, question_id):
      return HttpResponse("You're voting on question %s." % question_id)
  
  
  
subject: use render() shortcut in index