new_contents: #!/usr/bin/env python
  #
  # Copyright 2013 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
  # file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
  # http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
  #
  # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
  # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
  # <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
  # option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
  # except according to those terms.
  
  # This creates the tables used for distributions implemented using the
  # ziggurat algorithm in `rand::distributions;`. They are
  # (basically) the tables as used in the ZIGNOR variant (Doornik 2005).
  # They are changed rarely, so the generated file should be checked in
  # to git.
  #
  # It creates 3 tables: X as in the paper, F which is f(x_i), and
  # F_DIFF which is f(x_i) - f(x_{i-1}). The latter two are just cached
  # values which is not done in that paper (but is done in other
  # variants). Note that the adZigR table is unnecessary because of
  # algebra.
  #
  # It is designed to be compatible with Python 2 and 3.
  
  from math import exp, sqrt, log, floor
  import random
  
  # The order should match the return value of `tables`
  TABLE_NAMES = ['X', 'F']
  
  # The actual length of the table is 1 more, to stop
  # index-out-of-bounds errors. This should match the bitwise operation
  # to find `i` in `zigurrat` in `libstd/rand/mod.rs`. Also the *_R and
  # *_V constants below depend on this value.
  TABLE_LEN = 256
  
  # equivalent to `zigNorInit` in Doornik2005, but generalised to any
  # distribution. r = dR, v = dV, f = probability density function,
  # f_inv = inverse of f
  def tables(r, v, f, f_inv):
      # compute the x_i
      xvec = [0]*(TABLE_LEN+1)
  
      xvec[0] = v / f(r)
      xvec[1] = r
  
      for i in range(2, TABLE_LEN):
          last = xvec[i-1]
          xvec[i] = f_inv(v / last + f(last))
  
      # cache the f's
      fvec = [0]*(TABLE_LEN+1)
      for i in range(TABLE_LEN+1):
          fvec[i] = f(xvec[i])
  
      return xvec, fvec
  
  # Distributions
  # N(0, 1)
  def norm_f(x):
      return exp(-x*x/2.0)
  def norm_f_inv(y):
      return sqrt(-2.0*log(y))
  
  NORM_R = 3.6541528853610088
  NORM_V = 0.00492867323399
  
  NORM = tables(NORM_R, NORM_V,
                norm_f, norm_f_inv)
  
  # Exp(1)
  def exp_f(x):
      return exp(-x)
  def exp_f_inv(y):
      return -log(y)
  
  EXP_R = 7.69711747013104972
  EXP_V = 0.0039496598225815571993
  
  EXP = tables(EXP_R, EXP_V,
               exp_f, exp_f_inv)
  
  
  # Output the tables/constants/types
  
  def render_static(name, type, value):
      # no space or
      return 'pub static %s: %s =%s;\n' % (name, type, value)
  
  # static `name`: [`type`, .. `len(values)`] =
  #     [values[0], ..., values[3],
  #      values[4], ..., values[7],
  #      ... ];
  def render_table(name, values):
      rows = []
      # 4 values on each row
      for i in range(0, len(values), 4):
          row = values[i:i+4]
          rows.append(', '.join('%.18f' % f for f in row))
  
      rendered = '\n    [%s]' % ',\n     '.join(rows)
      return render_static(name, '[f64, .. %d]' % len(values), rendered)
  
  
  with open('ziggurat_tables.rs', 'w') as f:
      f.write('''// Copyright 2013 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
  // file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
  // http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
  //
  // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
  // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
  // <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
  // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
  // except according to those terms.
  
  // Tables for distributions which are sampled using the ziggurat
  // algorithm. Autogenerated by `ziggurat_tables.py`.
  
  pub type ZigTable = &\'static [f64, .. %d];
  '''  % (TABLE_LEN + 1))
      for name, tables, r in [('NORM', NORM, NORM_R),
                              ('EXP', EXP, EXP_R)]:
          f.write(render_static('ZIG_%s_R' % name, 'f64', ' %.18f' % r))
          for (tabname, table) in zip(TABLE_NAMES, tables):
              f.write(render_table('ZIG_%s_%s' % (name, tabname), table))
  
subject: Include ziggurat_tables.py