METHODS : To begin to determine whether mutations in UP genes might play a role in human VUR , we genotyped all four UP genes in 76 patients with radiologically proven primary VUR by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) amplification and sequencing of all their exons plus 50 to 150 bp of flanking intronic sequences .
O O O O O O O O O B-GeneOrGeneProduct O O O O O O B-OrganismTaxon B-DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature O O O O O B-GeneOrGeneProduct O O O B-OrganismTaxon O O O O B-DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O