TNF-alpha or conditioned media ( CM ) of TNF-alpha-stimulated C4-2B cells upregulated BMP-2 and BMP-dependent Smad transcripts and inhibited receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand transcripts in RAW 264.7 preosteoclast cells , respectively , implying that this factor may contribute to suppression of osteoclastogenesis via direct and paracrine mechanisms .
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