Black_Diamond
You may find that these resources will help answer your question.

https://www.noaa.gov/maritime-zones-and-boundaries
https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/useez.html

The short answer is that the Exclusive Economic Zone extends out 200 nautical miles from the shore where the US has jurisdiction over both living and nonliving resources. Different federal, state and county laws apply depending on how far you are from the shoreline. The sanctuary limits certain activities to protect those resources.