The major Climate-Related Challenges in Tigray in relation to climate change include:

1. Irregular and Insufficient Rainfall: Tigray is experiencing highly variable rainfall during this rainy season, with many parts of Tigray not receiving adequate precipitation.

2. Desert Locust Swarm: A widespread desert locust swarm has been reported in many districts of Eastern Tigray, suspected to have originated from the neighboring Afar region. Crops have been highly affected by the infestation in addition to the the water stress. This poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity and food security.

3. Beetle Infestation: Beetles attacking Celtis Africana, locally known as Qawa, trees have been observed in various forest patches, leading to tree damage and potential ecosystem disruption.

4. Pests: Pests and disease have become rampant in most parts of Tigray in a magnitude never seen before. The Cactus Opuntia, locally named as Beles, known for its delicious fruit and as livestock feed, has been severely impacted by the Cochineal insect (Dactylopius coccus). A number of other pests have been reported to have caused devastation to the already moisture and nutrient deprived crops in many parts of Tigray.

5. Armed Conflict Amplified by Climate Change: The devastating armed conflict in the region, coupled with the effects of climate change, has exacerbated environmental and socioeconomic problems, requiring global attention and potential research intervention.

These climate-related challenges highlight the area as a hot spot for climate and environmental research to bring about sustainable solutions.