#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

1、执行SQL
复制代码
# !/usr/bin/env pytho
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pymysql

# 创建连接
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1', charset='utf8')
# 创建游标
cursor = conn.cursor()

# 执行SQL，并返回收影响行数
effect_row = cursor.execute("select * from tb7")

# 执行SQL，并返回受影响行数
# effect_row = cursor.execute("update tb7 set pass = '123' where nid = %s", (11,))

# 执行SQL，并返回受影响行数,执行多次
# effect_row = cursor.executemany("insert into tb7(user,pass,licnese)values(%s,%s,%s)", [("u1","u1pass","11111"),("u2","u2pass","22222")])


# 提交，不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据
conn.commit()

# 关闭游标
cursor.close()
# 关闭连接
conn.close()
复制代码
注意：存在中文的时候，连接需要添加charset = 'utf8'，否则中文显示乱码。

2、获取查询数据
复制代码
# ! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("select * from tb7")

# 获取剩余结果的第一行数据
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print
row_1
# 获取剩余结果前n行数据
# row_2 = cursor.fetchmany(3)

# 获取剩余结果所有数据
# row_3 = cursor.fetchall()

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
复制代码
3、获取新创建数据自增ID
可以获取到最新自增的ID，也就是最后插入的一条数据ID

复制代码
# ! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
effect_row = cursor.executemany("insert into tb7(user,pass,licnese)values(%s,%s,%s)",
                                [("u3", "u3pass", "11113"), ("u4", "u4pass", "22224")])
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
# 获取自增id
new_id = cursor.lastrowid
print
new_id
复制代码

4、移动游标
操作都是靠游标，那对游标的控制也是必须的

注：在fetch数据时按照顺序进行，可以使用cursor.scroll(num, mode)
来移动游标位置，如：

cursor.scroll(1, mode='relative')  # 相对当前位置移动
cursor.scroll(2, mode='absolute')  # 相对绝对位置移动

5、fetch数据类型
　　关于默认获取的数据是元祖类型，如果想要或者字典类型的数据，即：

复制代码
# ! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
# 游标设置为字典类型
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
cursor.execute("select * from tb7")

row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print
row_1　　  # {u'licnese': 213, u'user': '123', u'nid': 10, u'pass': '213'}

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
复制代码

6、调用存储过程
a、调用无参存储过程

复制代码
# ! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"

import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
# 游标设置为字典类型
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
# 无参数存储过程
cursor.callproc('p2')  # 等价于cursor.execute("call p2()")

row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print
row_1

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
复制代码
b、调用有参存储过程

复制代码
# ! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"

import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)

cursor.callproc('p1', args=(1, 22, 3, 4))
# 获取执行完存储的参数,参数@开头
cursor.execute("select @p1,@_p1_1,@_p1_2,@_p1_3")  # {u'@_p1_1': 22, u'@p1': None, u'@_p1_2': 103, u'@_p1_3': 24}
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print
row_1

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
复制代码

三、关于pymysql防注入
1、字符串拼接查询，造成注入
正常查询语句：

复制代码
# ! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
user = "u1"
passwd = "u1pass"
# 正常构造语句的情况
sql = "select user,pass from tb7 where user='%s' and pass='%s'" % (user, passwd)
# sql=select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1' and pass='u1pass'
row_count = cursor.execute(sql)
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print
row_count, row_1

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
复制代码

构造注入语句：

复制代码
# ! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()

user = "u1' or '1'-- "
passwd = "u1pass"
sql = "select user,pass from tb7 where user='%s' and pass='%s'" % (user, passwd)

# 拼接语句被构造成下面这样，永真条件，此时就注入成功了。因此要避免这种情况需使用pymysql提供的参数化查询。
# select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1' or '1'-- ' and pass='u1pass'

row_count = cursor.execute(sql)
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print
row_count, row_1

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
复制代码

2、避免注入，使用pymysql提供的参数化语句
正常参数化查询

复制代码
# ! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"

import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
user = "u1"
passwd = "u1pass"
# 执行参数化查询
row_count = cursor.execute("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s", (user, passwd))
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print
row_count, row_1

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
复制代码
构造注入，参数化查询注入失败。

复制代码
# ! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()

user = "u1' or '1'-- "
passwd = "u1pass"
# 执行参数化查询
row_count = cursor.execute("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s", (user, passwd))
# 内部执行参数化生成的SQL语句，对特殊字符进行了加\转义，避免注入语句生成。
# sql=cursor.mogrify("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s",(user,passwd))
# print sql
# select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1\' or \'1\'-- ' and pass='u1pass'被转义的语句。

row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print
row_count, row_1

conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
复制代码

结论：excute执行SQL语句的时候，必须使用参数化的方式，否则必然产生SQL注入漏洞。

3、使用存mysql储过程动态执行SQL防注入
使用MYSQL存储过程自动提供防注入，动态传入SQL到存储过程执行语句。


复制代码
delimiter \ \
    DROP
PROCEDURE
IF
EXISTS
proc_sql \ \
    CREATE
PROCEDURE
proc_sql(
in nid1
INT,
in nid2
INT,
in callsql
VARCHAR(255)
)
BEGIN
set @ nid1 = nid1;
set @ nid2 = nid2;
set @ callsql = callsql;
PREPARE
myprod
FROM @ callsql;
--     PREPARE
prod
FROM
'select * from tb2 where nid>? and  nid<?';
传入的值为字符串，？为占位符
--     用 @ p1，和 @ p2填充占位符
EXECUTE
myprod
USING @ nid1,


@nid2

;
DEALLOCATE
prepare
myprod;

END\ \
    delimiter;
复制代码

set @ nid1 = 12;
set @ nid2 = 15;
set @ callsql = 'select * from tb7 where nid>? and nid<?';
CALL
proc_sql( @ nid1,


@nid2

,

@callsql

)


pymsql中调用

复制代码
# ! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
mysql = "select * from tb7 where nid>? and nid<?"
cursor.callproc('proc_sql', args=(11, 15, mysql))

rows = cursor.fetchall()
print
rows  # ((12, 'u1', 'u1pass', 11111), (13, 'u2', 'u2pass', 22222), (14, 'u3', 'u3pass', 11113))
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
复制代码

四、使用with简化连接过程
每次都连接关闭很麻烦，使用上下文管理，简化连接过程

复制代码
# ! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"

import pymysql
import contextlib


# 定义上下文管理器，连接后自动关闭连接
@contextlib.contextmanager
def mysql(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1', charset='utf8'):
    conn = pymysql.connect(host=host, port=port, user=user, passwd=passwd, db=db, charset=charset)
    cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
    try:
        yield cursor
    finally:
        conn.commit()
        cursor.close()
        conn.close()


# 执行sql
with mysql() as cursor:
    print(cursor)
    row_count = cursor.execute("select * from tb7")
    row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
    print
    row_count, row_1