text=" this is a string. "

print(text)
print(text.lstrip())

print(text.rstrip())

print(text.strip())

print(text)

s1="Bangladesh"

s_up=s1.upper()

print(s1)


s="hello"

s_cap=s.capitalize()

print(s_cap)

str="I am a prorgrammer"


words=str.split()

print(words)



for word in words:
    print(word)

s="Bangladesh"

print(s.startswith("Ban"))

print(s.endswith("desh"))


str="i am happy"

for c in "dcdsvdvdsvds":
    
    print(c,str.count(c))