import abc
import os


TRUNK_COLOR = '#966F33'
LEAF_COLOR = '#6db33f'
EDGE_COLORS = ["#000000", "#E69F00", "#56B4E9", "#009E73",
               "#F0E442", "#0072B2", "#D55E00", "#CC79A7"]
NODE_COLOR = "#cccccc"


class Namespace(dict):
    """
    Abstract constants class
    Constants can be accessed via .attribute or [key] and can be iterated over.
    """
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        d = {k: k for k in args}
        d.update(dict(kwargs.items()))
        super().__init__(d)

    def __getattr__(self, item):
        return self[item]


OWNER_CONST = Namespace("UNKNOWN_VAR", "UNKNOWN_MODULE")
GROUP_TYPE = Namespace("FILE", "CLASS", "NAMESPACE")


def is_installed(executable_cmd):
    """
    Determine whether a command can be run or not

    :param list[str] individual_files:
    :rtype: str
    """
    for path in os.environ["PATH"].split(os.pathsep):
        path = path.strip('"')
        exe_file = os.path.join(path, executable_cmd)
        if os.path.isfile(exe_file) and os.access(exe_file, os.X_OK):
            return True
    return False


def djoin(*tup):
    """
    Convenience method to join strings with dots
    :rtype: str
    """
    if len(tup) == 1 and isinstance(tup[0], list):
        return '.'.join(tup[0])
    return '.'.join(tup)


def flatten(list_of_lists):
    """
    Return a list from a list of lists
    :param list[list[Value]] list_of_lists:
    :rtype: list[Value]
    """
    return [el for sublist in list_of_lists for el in sublist]


def _resolve_str_variable(variable, file_groups):
    """
    String variables are when variable.points_to is a string
    This happens ONLY when we have imports that we delayed processing for

    This function looks through all files to see if any particular node matches
    the variable.points_to string

    :param Variable variable:
    :param list[Group] file_groups:
    :rtype: Node|Group|str
    """
    for file_group in file_groups:
        for node in file_group.all_nodes():
            if any(ot == variable.points_to for ot in node.import_tokens):
                return node
        for group in file_group.all_groups():
            if any(ot == variable.points_to for ot in group.import_tokens):
                return group
    return OWNER_CONST.UNKNOWN_MODULE


class BaseLanguage(abc.ABC):
    """
    Languages are individual implementations for different dynamic languages.
    This is the superclass of Python, Javascript, PHP, and Ruby.
    Every implementation must implement all of these methods.
    For more detail, see the individual implementations.
    Note that the 'Tree' type is generic and will be a different
    type for different languages. In Python, it is an ast.AST.
    """

    @staticmethod
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def assert_dependencies():
        """
        :rtype: None
        """

    @staticmethod
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def get_tree(filename, lang_params):
        """
        :param filename str:
        :rtype: Tree
        """

    @staticmethod
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def separate_namespaces(tree):
        """
        :param tree Tree:
        :rtype: (list[tree], list[tree], list[tree])
        """

    @staticmethod
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def make_nodes(tree, parent):
        """
        :param tree Tree:
        :param parent Group:
        :rtype: list[Node]
        """

    @staticmethod
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def make_root_node(lines, parent):
        """
        :param lines list[Tree]:
        :param parent Group:
        :rtype: Node
        """

    @staticmethod
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def make_class_group(tree, parent):
        """
        :param tree Tree:
        :param parent Group:
        :rtype: Group
        """


class Variable():
    """
    Variables represent named tokens that are accessible to their scope.
    They may either point to a string or, once resolved, a Group/Node.
    Not all variables can be resolved
    """
    def __init__(self, token, points_to, line_number=None):
        """
        :param str token:
        :param str|Call|Node|Group points_to: (str/Call is eventually resolved to Nodes|Groups)
        :param int|None line_number:
        """
        assert token
        assert points_to
        self.token = token
        self.points_to = points_to
        self.line_number = line_number

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"<Variable token={self.token} points_to={repr(self.points_to)}"

    def to_string(self):
        """
        For logging
        :rtype: str
        """
        if self.points_to and isinstance(self.points_to, (Group, Node)):
            return f'{self.token}->{self.points_to.token}'
        return f'{self.token}->{self.points_to}'


class Call():
    """
    Calls represent function call expressions.
    They can be an attribute call like
        object.do_something()
    Or a "naked" call like
        do_something()

    """
    def __init__(self, token, line_number=None, owner_token=None, definite_constructor=False):
        self.token = token
        self.owner_token = owner_token
        self.line_number = line_number
        self.definite_constructor = definite_constructor

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"<Call owner_token={self.owner_token} token={self.token}>"

    def to_string(self):
        """
        Returns a representation of this call to be printed by the engine
        in logging.
        :rtype: str
        """
        if self.owner_token:
            return f"{self.owner_token}.{self.token}()"
        return f"{self.token}()"

    def is_attr(self):
        """
        Attribute calls are like `a.do_something()` rather than `do_something()`
        :rtype: bool
        """
        return self.owner_token is not None

    def matches_variable(self, variable):
        """
        Check whether this variable is what the call is acting on.
        For example, if we had 'obj' from
            obj = Obj()
        as a variable and a call of
            obj.do_something()
        Those would match and we would return the "do_something" node from obj.

        :param variable Variable:
        :rtype: Node
        """

        if self.is_attr():
            if self.owner_token == variable.token:
                for node in getattr(variable.points_to, 'nodes', []):
                    if self.token == node.token:
                        return node
                for inherit_nodes in getattr(variable.points_to, 'inherits', []):
                    for node in inherit_nodes:
                        if self.token == node.token:
                            return node
                if variable.points_to in OWNER_CONST:
                    return variable.points_to

            # This section is specifically for resolving namespace variables
            if isinstance(variable.points_to, Group) \
               and variable.points_to.group_type == GROUP_TYPE.NAMESPACE:
                parts = self.owner_token.split('.')
                if len(parts) != 2:
                    return None
                if parts[0] != variable.token:
                    return None
                for node in variable.points_to.all_nodes():
                    if parts[1] == node.namespace_ownership() \
                       and self.token == node.token:
                        return node

            return None
        if self.token == variable.token:
            if isinstance(variable.points_to, Node):
                return variable.points_to
            if isinstance(variable.points_to, Group) \
               and variable.points_to.group_type == GROUP_TYPE.CLASS \
               and variable.points_to.get_constructor():
                return variable.points_to.get_constructor()
        return None


class Node():
    def __init__(self, token, calls, variables, parent, import_tokens=None,
                 line_number=None, is_constructor=False):
        self.token = token
        self.line_number = line_number
        self.calls = calls
        self.variables = variables
        self.import_tokens = import_tokens or []
        self.parent = parent
        self.is_constructor = is_constructor

        self.uid = "node_" + os.urandom(4).hex()

        # Assume it is a leaf and a trunk. These are modified later
        self.is_leaf = True  # it calls nothing else
        self.is_trunk = True  # nothing calls it

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"<Node token={self.token} parent={self.parent}>"

    def __lt__(self, other):
            return self.name() < other.name()

    def name(self):
        """
        Names exist largely for unit tests and deterministic node sorting
        :rtype: str
        """
        return f"{self.first_group().filename()}::{self.token_with_ownership()}"

    def first_group(self):
        """
        The first group that contains this node.
        :rtype: Group
        """
        parent = self.parent
        while not isinstance(parent, Group):
            parent = parent.parent
        return parent

    def file_group(self):
        """
        Get the file group that this node is in.
        :rtype: Group
        """
        parent = self.parent
        while parent.parent:
            parent = parent.parent
        return parent

    def is_attr(self):
        """
        Whether this node is attached to something besides the file
        :rtype: bool
        """
        return (self.parent
                and isinstance(self.parent, Group)
                and self.parent.group_type in (GROUP_TYPE.CLASS, GROUP_TYPE.NAMESPACE))

    def token_with_ownership(self):
        """
        Token which includes what group this is a part of
        :rtype: str
        """
        if self.is_attr():
            return djoin(self.parent.token, self.token)
        return self.token

    def namespace_ownership(self):
        """
        Get the ownership excluding namespace
        :rtype: str
        """
        parent = self.parent
        ret = []
        while parent and parent.group_type == GROUP_TYPE.CLASS:
            ret = [parent.token] + ret
            parent = parent.parent
        return djoin(ret)

    def label(self):
        """
        Labels are what you see on the graph
        :rtype: str
        """
        if self.line_number is not None:
            return f"{self.line_number}: {self.token}()"
        return f"{self.token}()"

    def remove_from_parent(self):
        """
        Remove this node from it's parent. This effectively deletes the node.
        :rtype: None
        """
        self.first_group().nodes = [n for n in self.first_group().nodes if n != self]

    def get_variables(self, line_number=None):
        """
        Get variables in-scope on the line number.
        This includes all local variables as-well-as outer-scope variables
        :rtype: list[Variable]
        """
        if line_number is None:
            ret = list(self.variables)
        else:
            # TODO variables should be sorted by scope before line_number
            ret = list([v for v in self.variables if v.line_number <= line_number])
        if any(v.line_number for v in ret):
            ret.sort(key=lambda v: v.line_number, reverse=True)

        parent = self.parent
        while parent:
            ret += parent.get_variables()
            parent = parent.parent
        return ret

    def resolve_variables(self, file_groups):
        """
        For all variables, attempt to resolve the Node/Group on points_to.
        There is a good chance this will be unsuccessful.

        :param list[Group] file_groups:
        :rtype: None
        """
        for variable in self.variables:
            if isinstance(variable.points_to, str):
                variable.points_to = _resolve_str_variable(variable, file_groups)
            elif isinstance(variable.points_to, Call):
                # else, this is a call variable
                call = variable.points_to
                # Only process Class(); Not a.Class()
                if call.is_attr() and not call.definite_constructor:
                    continue
                # Else, assume the call is a constructor.
                # iterate through to find the right group
                for file_group in file_groups:
                    for group in file_group.all_groups():
                        if group.token == call.token:
                            variable.points_to = group
            else:
                assert isinstance(variable.points_to, (Node, Group))

    def to_dot(self):
        """
        Output for graphviz (.dot) files
        :rtype: str
        """
        attributes = {
            'label': self.label(),
            'name': self.name(),
            'shape': "rect",
            'style': 'rounded,filled',
            'fillcolor': NODE_COLOR,
        }
        if self.is_trunk:
            attributes['fillcolor'] = TRUNK_COLOR
        elif self.is_leaf:
            attributes['fillcolor'] = LEAF_COLOR

        ret = self.uid + ' ['
        for k, v in attributes.items():
            ret += f'{k}="{v}" '
        ret += ']'
        return ret

    def to_dict(self):
        """
        Output for json files (json graph specification)
        :rtype: dict
        """
        return {
            'uid': self.uid,
            'label': self.label(),
            'name': self.name(),
        }


def _wrap_as_variables(sequence):
    """
    Given a list of either Nodes or Groups, wrap them in variables.
    This is used in the get_variables method to allow all defined
    functions and classes to be defined as variables
    :param list[Group|Node] sequence:
    :rtype: list[Variable]
    """
    return [Variable(el.token, el, el.line_number) for el in sequence]


class Edge():
    def __init__(self, node0, node1):
        self.node0 = node0
        self.node1 = node1

        # When we draw the edge, we know the calling function is definitely not a leaf...
        # and the called function is definitely not a trunk
        node0.is_leaf = False
        node1.is_trunk = False

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"<Edge {self.node0} -> {self.node1}"

    def __lt__(self, other):
        if self.node0 == other.node0:
            return self.node1 < other.node1
        return self.node0 < other.node0

    def to_dot(self):
        '''
        Returns string format for embedding in a dotfile. Example output:
        node_uid_a -> node_uid_b [color='#aaa' penwidth='2']
        :rtype: str
        '''
        ret = self.node0.uid + ' -> ' + self.node1.uid
        source_color = int(self.node0.uid.split("_")[-1], 16) % len(EDGE_COLORS)
        ret += f' [color="{EDGE_COLORS[source_color]}" penwidth="2"]'
        return ret

    def to_dict(self):
        """
        :rtype: dict
        """
        return {
            'source': self.node0.uid,
            'target': self.node1.uid,
            'directed': True,
        }


class Group():
    """
    Groups represent namespaces (classes and modules/files)
    """
    def __init__(self, token, group_type, display_type, import_tokens=None,
                 line_number=None, parent=None, inherits=None):
        self.token = token
        self.line_number = line_number
        self.nodes = []
        self.root_node = None
        self.subgroups = []
        self.parent = parent
        self.group_type = group_type
        self.display_type = display_type
        self.import_tokens = import_tokens or []
        self.inherits = inherits or []
        assert group_type in GROUP_TYPE

        self.uid = "cluster_" + os.urandom(4).hex()  # group doesn't work by syntax rules

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"<Group token={self.token} type={self.display_type}>"

    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.label() < other.label()

    def label(self):
        """
        Labels are what you see on the graph
        :rtype: str
        """
        return f"{self.display_type}: {self.token}"

    def filename(self):
        """
        The ultimate filename of this group.
        :rtype: str
        """
        if self.group_type == GROUP_TYPE.FILE:
            return self.token
        return self.parent.filename()

    def add_subgroup(self, sg):
        """
        Subgroups are found after initialization. This is how they are added.
        :param sg Group:
        """
        self.subgroups.append(sg)

    def add_node(self, node, is_root=False):
        """
        Nodes are found after initialization. This is how they are added.
        :param node Node:
        :param is_root bool:
        """
        self.nodes.append(node)
        if is_root:
            self.root_node = node

    def all_nodes(self):
        """
        List of nodes that are part of this group + all subgroups
        :rtype: list[Node]
        """
        ret = list(self.nodes)
        for subgroup in self.subgroups:
            ret += subgroup.all_nodes()
        return ret

    def get_constructor(self):
        """
        Return the first constructor for this group - if any
        TODO, this excludes the possibility of multiple constructors like
        __init__ vs __new__
        :rtype: Node|None
        """
        assert self.group_type == GROUP_TYPE.CLASS
        constructors = [n for n in self.nodes if n.is_constructor]
        if constructors:
            return constructors[0]

    def all_groups(self):
        """
        List of groups that are part of this group + all subgroups
        :rtype: list[Group]
        """
        ret = [self]
        for subgroup in self.subgroups:
            ret += subgroup.all_groups()
        return ret

    def get_variables(self, line_number=None):
        """
        Get in-scope variables from this group.
        This assumes every variable will be in-scope in nested functions
        line_number is included for compatibility with Node.get_variables but is not used

        :param int line_number:
        :rtype: list[Variable]
        """

        if self.root_node:
            variables = (self.root_node.variables
                         + _wrap_as_variables(self.subgroups)
                         + _wrap_as_variables(n for n in self.nodes if n != self.root_node))
            if any(v.line_number for v in variables):
                return sorted(variables, key=lambda v: v.line_number, reverse=True)
            return variables
        else:
            return []

    def remove_from_parent(self):
        """
        Remove this group from it's parent. This is effectively a deletion
        :rtype: None
        """
        if self.parent:
            self.parent.subgroups = [g for g in self.parent.subgroups if g != self]

    def all_parents(self):
        """
        Recursively get the entire inheritance tree of this group
        :rtype: list[Group]
        """
        if self.parent:
            return [self.parent] + self.parent.all_parents()
        return []

    def to_dot(self):
        """
        Returns string format for embedding in a dotfile. Example output:
        subgraph group_uid_a {
            node_uid_b node_uid_c;
            label='class_name';
            ...
            subgraph group_uid_z {
                ...
            }
            ...
        }
        :rtype: str
        """

        ret = 'subgraph ' + self.uid + ' {\n'
        if self.nodes:
            ret += '    '
            ret += ' '.join(node.uid for node in self.nodes)
            ret += ';\n'
        attributes = {
            'label': self.label(),
            'name': self.token,
            'style': 'filled',
        }
        for k, v in attributes.items():
            ret += f'    {k}="{v}";\n'
        ret += '    graph[style=dotted];\n'
        for subgroup in self.subgroups:
            ret += '    ' + ('\n'.join('    ' + ln for ln in
                                       subgroup.to_dot().split('\n'))).strip() + '\n'
        ret += '};\n'
        return ret
