# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
    pygments.lexers.perl
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    Lexers for Perl, Raku and related languages.

    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2019 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
"""

import re

from pygments.lexer import RegexLexer, ExtendedRegexLexer, include, bygroups, \
    using, this, default, words
from pygments.token import Text, Comment, Operator, Keyword, Name, String, \
    Number, Punctuation
from pygments.util import shebang_matches

__all__ = ['PerlLexer', 'Perl6Lexer']


class PerlLexer(RegexLexer):
    """
    For `Perl <https://www.perl.org>`_ source code.
    """

    name = 'Perl'
    aliases = ['perl', 'pl']
    filenames = ['*.pl', '*.pm', '*.t']
    mimetypes = ['text/x-perl', 'application/x-perl']

    flags = re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE
    # TODO: give this to a perl guy who knows how to parse perl...
    tokens = {
        'balanced-regex': [
            (r'/(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\/])*/[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'!(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\!])*![egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'\\(\\\\|[^\\])*\\[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'\{(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\}])*\}[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'<(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\>])*>[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'\[(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\\]])*\][egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'\((\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\)])*\)[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'@(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\@])*@[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'%(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\%])*%[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
            (r'\$(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\$])*\$[egimosx]*', String.Regex, '#pop'),
        ],
        'root': [
            (r'\A\#!.+?$', Comment.Hashbang),
            (r'\#.*?$', Comment.Single),
            (r'^=[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s+.*?\n=cut', Comment.Multiline),
            (words((
                'case', 'continue', 'do', 'else', 'elsif', 'for', 'foreach',
                'if', 'last', 'my', 'next', 'our', 'redo', 'reset', 'then',
                'unless', 'until', 'while', 'print', 'new', 'BEGIN',
                'CHECK', 'INIT', 'END', 'return'), suffix=r'\b'),
             Keyword),
            (r'(format)(\s+)(\w+)(\s*)(=)(\s*\n)',
             bygroups(Keyword, Text, Name, Text, Punctuation, Text), 'format'),
            (r'(eq|lt|gt|le|ge|ne|not|and|or|cmp)\b', Operator.Word),
            # common delimiters
            (r's/(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\/])*/(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\/])*/[egimosx]*',
             String.Regex),
            (r's!(\\\\|\\!|[^!])*!(\\\\|\\!|[^!])*![egimosx]*', String.Regex),
            (r's\\(\\\\|[^\\])*\\(\\\\|[^\\])*\\[egimosx]*', String.Regex),
            (r's@(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\@])*@(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\@])*@[egimosx]*',
             String.Regex),
            (r's%(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\%])*%(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\%])*%[egimosx]*',
             String.Regex),
            # balanced delimiters
            (r's\{(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\}])*\}\s*', String.Regex, 'balanced-regex'),
            (r's<(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\>])*>\s*', String.Regex, 'balanced-regex'),
            (r's\[(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\\]])*\]\s*', String.Regex,
             'balanced-regex'),
            (r's\((\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\)])*\)\s*', String.Regex,
             'balanced-regex'),

            (r'm?/(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\/\n])*/[gcimosx]*', String.Regex),
            (r'm(?=[/!\\{<\[(@%$])', String.Regex, 'balanced-regex'),
            (r'((?<==~)|(?<=\())\s*/(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^\\/])*/[gcimosx]*',
             String.Regex),
            (r'\s+', Text),
            (words((
                'abs', 'accept', 'alarm', 'atan2', 'bind', 'binmode', 'bless', 'caller', 'chdir',
                'chmod', 'chomp', 'chop', 'chown', 'chr', 'chroot', 'close', 'closedir', 'connect',
                'continue', 'cos', 'crypt', 'dbmclose', 'dbmopen', 'defined', 'delete', 'die',
                'dump', 'each', 'endgrent', 'endhostent', 'endnetent', 'endprotoent',
                'endpwent', 'endservent', 'eof', 'eval', 'exec', 'exists', 'exit', 'exp', 'fcntl',
                'fileno', 'flock', 'fork', 'format', 'formline', 'getc', 'getgrent', 'getgrgid',
                'getgrnam', 'gethostbyaddr', 'gethostbyname', 'gethostent', 'getlogin',
                'getnetbyaddr', 'getnetbyname', 'getnetent', 'getpeername', 'getpgrp',
                'getppid', 'getpriority', 'getprotobyname', 'getprotobynumber',
                'getprotoent', 'getpwent', 'getpwnam', 'getpwuid', 'getservbyname',
                'getservbyport', 'getservent', 'getsockname', 'getsockopt', 'glob', 'gmtime',
                'goto', 'grep', 'hex', 'import', 'index', 'int', 'ioctl', 'join', 'keys', 'kill', 'last',
                'lc', 'lcfirst', 'length', 'link', 'listen', 'local', 'localtime', 'log', 'lstat',
                'map', 'mkdir', 'msgctl', 'msgget', 'msgrcv', 'msgsnd', 'my', 'next', 'oct', 'open',
                'opendir', 'ord', 'our', 'pack', 'pipe', 'pop', 'pos', 'printf',
                'prototype', 'push', 'quotemeta', 'rand', 'read', 'readdir',
                'readline', 'readlink', 'readpipe', 'recv', 'redo', 'ref', 'rename',
                'reverse', 'rewinddir', 'rindex', 'rmdir', 'scalar', 'seek', 'seekdir',
                'select', 'semctl', 'semget', 'semop', 'send', 'setgrent', 'sethostent', 'setnetent',
                'setpgrp', 'setpriority', 'setprotoent', 'setpwent', 'setservent',
                'setsockopt', 'shift', 'shmctl', 'shmget', 'shmread', 'shmwrite', 'shutdown',
                'sin', 'sleep', 'socket', 'socketpair', 'sort', 'splice', 'split', 'sprintf', 'sqrt',
                'srand', 'stat', 'study', 'substr', 'symlink', 'syscall', 'sysopen', 'sysread',
                'sysseek', 'system', 'syswrite', 'tell', 'telldir', 'tie', 'tied', 'time', 'times', 'tr',
                'truncate', 'uc', 'ucfirst', 'umask', 'undef', 'unlink', 'unpack', 'unshift', 'untie',
                'utime', 'values', 'vec', 'wait', 'waitpid', 'wantarray', 'warn', 'write'), suffix=r'\b'),
             Name.Builtin),
            (r'((__(DATA|DIE|WARN)__)|(STD(IN|OUT|ERR)))\b', Name.Builtin.Pseudo),
            (r'(<<)([\'"]?)([a-zA-Z_]\w*)(\2;?\n.*?\n)(\3)(\n)',
             bygroups(String, String, String.Delimiter, String, String.Delimiter, Text)),
            (r'__END__', Comment.Preproc, 'end-part'),
            (r'\$\^[ADEFHILMOPSTWX]', Name.Variable.Global),
            (r"\$[\\\"\[\]'&`+*.,;=%~?@$!<>(^|/-](?!\w)", Name.Variable.Global),
            (r'[$@%#]+', Name.Variable, 'varname'),
            (r'0_?[0-7]+(_[0-7]+)*', Number.Oct),
            (r'0x[0-9A-Fa-f]+(_[0-9A-Fa-f]+)*', Number.Hex),
            (r'0b[01]+(_[01]+)*', Number.Bin),
            (r'(?i)(\d*(_\d*)*\.\d+(_\d*)*|\d+(_\d*)*\.\d+(_\d*)*)(e[+-]?\d+)?',
             Number.Float),
            (r'(?i)\d+(_\d*)*e[+-]?\d+(_\d*)*', Number.Float),
            (r'\d+(_\d+)*', Number.Integer),
            (r"'(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^'\\])*'", String),
            (r'"(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^"\\])*"', String),
            (r'`(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^`\\])*`', String.Backtick),
            (r'<([^\s>]+)>', String.Regex),
            (r'(q|qq|qw|qr|qx)\{', String.Other, 'cb-string'),
            (r'(q|qq|qw|qr|qx)\(', String.Other, 'rb-string'),
            (r'(q|qq|qw|qr|qx)\[', String.Other, 'sb-string'),
            (r'(q|qq|qw|qr|qx)\<', String.Other, 'lt-string'),
            (r'(q|qq|qw|qr|qx)([\W_])(.|\n)*?\2', String.Other),
            (r'(package)(\s+)([a-zA-Z_]\w*(?:::[a-zA-Z_]\w*)*)',
             bygroups(Keyword, Text, Name.Namespace)),
            (r'(use|require|no)(\s+)([a-zA-Z_]\w*(?:::[a-zA-Z_]\w*)*)',
             bygroups(Keyword, Text, Name.Namespace)),
            (r'(sub)(\s+)', bygroups(Keyword, Text), 'funcname'),
            (words((
                'no', 'package', 'require', 'use'), suffix=r'\b'),
             Keyword),
            (r'(\[\]|\*\*|::|<<|>>|>=|<=>|<=|={3}|!=|=~|'
             r'!~|&&?|\|\||\.{1,3})', Operator),
            (r'[-+/*%=<>&^|!\\~]=?', Operator),
            (r'[()\[\]:;,<>/?{}]', Punctuation),  # yes, there's no shortage
            # of punctuation in Perl!
            (r'(?=\w)', Name, 'name'),
        ],
        'format': [
            (r'\.\n', String.Interpol, '#pop'),
            (r'[^\n]*\n', String.Interpol),
        ],
        'varname': [
            (r'\s+', Text),
            (r'\{', Punctuation, '#pop'),  # hash syntax?
            (r'\)|,', Punctuation, '#pop'),  # argument specifier
            (r'\w+::', Name.Namespace),
            (r'[\w:]+', Name.Variable, '#pop'),
        ],
        'name': [
            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*(::[a-zA-Z_]\w*)*(::)?(?=\s*->)', Name.Namespace, '#pop'),
            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*(::[a-zA-Z_]\w*)*::', Name.Namespace, '#pop'),
            (r'[\w:]+', Name, '#pop'),
            (r'[A-Z_]+(?=\W)', Name.Constant, '#pop'),
            (r'(?=\W)', Text, '#pop'),
        ],
        'funcname': [
            (r'[a-zA-Z_]\w*[!?]?', Name.Function),
            (r'\s+', Text),
            # argument declaration
            (r'(\([$@%]*\))(\s*)', bygroups(Punctuation, Text)),
            (r';', Punctuation, '#pop'),
            (r'.*?\{', Punctuation, '#pop'),
        ],
        'cb-string': [
            (r'\\[{}\\]', String.Other),
            (r'\\', String.Other),
            (r'\{', String.Other, 'cb-string'),
            (r'\}', String.Other, '#pop'),
            (r'[^{}\\]+', String.Other)
        ],
        'rb-string': [
            (r'\\[()\\]', String.Other),
            (r'\\', String.Other),
            (r'\(', String.Other, 'rb-string'),
            (r'\)', String.Other, '#pop'),
            (r'[^()]+', String.Other)
        ],
        'sb-string': [
            (r'\\[\[\]\\]', String.Other),
            (r'\\', String.Other),
            (r'\[', String.Other, 'sb-string'),
            (r'\]', String.Other, '#pop'),
            (r'[^\[\]]+', String.Other)
        ],
        'lt-string': [
            (r'\\[<>\\]', String.Other),
            (r'\\', String.Other),
            (r'\<', String.Other, 'lt-string'),
            (r'\>', String.Other, '#pop'),
            (r'[^<>]+', String.Other)
        ],
        'end-part': [
            (r'.+', Comment.Preproc, '#pop')
        ]
    }

    def analyse_text(text):
        if shebang_matches(text, r'perl'):
            return True
        if re.search(r'(?:my|our)\s+[$@%(]', text):
            return 0.9


class Perl6Lexer(ExtendedRegexLexer):
    """
    For `Raku <https://www.raku.org>`_ (a.k.a. Perl 6) source code.

    .. versionadded:: 2.0
    """

    name = 'Perl6'
    aliases = ['perl6', 'pl6', 'raku']
    filenames = ['*.pl', '*.pm', '*.nqp', '*.p6', '*.6pl', '*.p6l', '*.pl6',
                 '*.6pm', '*.p6m', '*.pm6', '*.t', '*.raku', '*.rakumod',
                 '*.rakutest', '*.rakudoc']
    mimetypes = ['text/x-perl6', 'application/x-perl6']
    flags = re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL | re.UNICODE

    PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE = r"['\w:-]"

    PERL6_KEYWORDS = (
        # Phasers
        'BEGIN', 'CATCH', 'CHECK', 'CLOSE', 'CONTROL', 'DOC', 'END', 'ENTER', 'FIRST',
        'INIT', 'KEEP', 'LAST', 'LEAVE', 'NEXT', 'POST', 'PRE', 'QUIT', 'UNDO',
        # Keywords
        'anon', 'augment', 'but', 'class', 'constant', 'default', 'does', 'else',
        'elsif', 'enum', 'for', 'gather', 'given', 'grammar', 'has', 'if', 'import',
        'is', 'let', 'loop', 'made', 'make', 'method', 'module', 'multi', 'my', 'need',
        'orwith', 'our', 'proceed', 'proto', 'repeat', 'require', 'return',
        'return-rw', 'returns', 'role', 'rule', 'state', 'sub', 'submethod', 'subset',
        'succeed', 'supersede', 'token', 'try', 'unit', 'unless', 'until', 'use',
        'when', 'while', 'with', 'without',
        # Traits
        'export', 'native', 'repr', 'required', 'rw', 'symbol',
    )

    PERL6_BUILTINS = (
        'ACCEPTS', 'abs', 'abs2rel', 'absolute', 'accept', 'accessed', 'acos',
        'acosec', 'acosech', 'acosh', 'acotan', 'acotanh', 'acquire', 'act', 'action',
        'actions', 'add', 'add_attribute', 'add_enum_value', 'add_fallback',
        'add_method', 'add_parent', 'add_private_method', 'add_role', 'add_trustee',
        'adverb', 'after', 'all', 'allocate', 'allof', 'allowed', 'alternative-names',
        'annotations', 'antipair', 'antipairs', 'any', 'anyof', 'app_lifetime',
        'append', 'arch', 'archname', 'args', 'arity', 'Array', 'asec', 'asech', 'asin',
        'asinh', 'ASSIGN-KEY', 'ASSIGN-POS', 'assuming', 'ast', 'at', 'atan', 'atan2',
        'atanh', 'AT-KEY', 'atomic-assign', 'atomic-dec-fetch', 'atomic-fetch',
        'atomic-fetch-add', 'atomic-fetch-dec', 'atomic-fetch-inc',
        'atomic-fetch-sub', 'atomic-inc-fetch', 'AT-POS', 'attributes', 'auth',
        'await', 'backtrace', 'Bag', 'BagHash', 'bail-out', 'base', 'basename',
        'base-repeating', 'batch', 'BIND-KEY', 'BIND-POS', 'bind-stderr',
        'bind-stdin', 'bind-stdout', 'bind-udp', 'bits', 'bless', 'block', 'Bool',
        'bool-only', 'bounds', 'break', 'Bridge', 'broken', 'BUILD', 'build-date',
        'bytes', 'cache', 'callframe', 'calling-package', 'CALL-ME', 'callsame',
        'callwith', 'can', 'cancel', 'candidates', 'cando', 'can-ok', 'canonpath',
        'caps', 'caption', 'Capture', 'cas', 'catdir', 'categorize', 'categorize-list',
        'catfile', 'catpath', 'cause', 'ceiling', 'cglobal', 'changed', 'Channel',
        'chars', 'chdir', 'child', 'child-name', 'child-typename', 'chmod', 'chomp',
        'chop', 'chr', 'chrs', 'chunks', 'cis', 'classify', 'classify-list', 'cleanup',
        'clone', 'close', 'closed', 'close-stdin', 'cmp-ok', 'code', 'codes', 'collate',
        'column', 'comb', 'combinations', 'command', 'comment', 'compiler', 'Complex',
        'compose', 'compose_type', 'composer', 'condition', 'config',
        'configure_destroy', 'configure_type_checking', 'conj', 'connect',
        'constraints', 'construct', 'contains', 'contents', 'copy', 'cos', 'cosec',
        'cosech', 'cosh', 'cotan', 'cotanh', 'count', 'count-only', 'cpu-cores',
        'cpu-usage', 'CREATE', 'create_type', 'cross', 'cue', 'curdir', 'curupdir', 'd',
        'Date', 'DateTime', 'day', 'daycount', 'day-of-month', 'day-of-week',
        'day-of-year', 'days-in-month', 'declaration', 'decode', 'decoder', 'deepmap',
        'default', 'defined', 'DEFINITE', 'delayed', 'DELETE-KEY', 'DELETE-POS',
        'denominator', 'desc', 'DESTROY', 'destroyers', 'devnull', 'diag',
        'did-you-mean', 'die', 'dies-ok', 'dir', 'dirname', 'dir-sep', 'DISTROnames',
        'do', 'does', 'does-ok', 'done', 'done-testing', 'duckmap', 'dynamic', 'e',
        'eager', 'earlier', 'elems', 'emit', 'enclosing', 'encode', 'encoder',
        'encoding', 'end', 'ends-with', 'enum_from_value', 'enum_value_list',
        'enum_values', 'enums', 'eof', 'EVAL', 'eval-dies-ok', 'EVALFILE',
        'eval-lives-ok', 'exception', 'excludes-max', 'excludes-min', 'EXISTS-KEY',
        'EXISTS-POS', 'exit', 'exitcode', 'exp', 'expected', 'explicitly-manage',
        'expmod', 'extension', 'f', 'fail', 'fails-like', 'fc', 'feature', 'file',
        'filename', 'find_method', 'find_method_qualified', 'finish', 'first', 'flat',
        'flatmap', 'flip', 'floor', 'flunk', 'flush', 'fmt', 'format', 'formatter',
        'freeze', 'from', 'from-list', 'from-loop', 'from-posix', 'full',
        'full-barrier', 'get', 'get_value', 'getc', 'gist', 'got', 'grab', 'grabpairs',
        'grep', 'handle', 'handled', 'handles', 'hardware', 'has_accessor', 'Hash',
        'head', 'headers', 'hh-mm-ss', 'hidden', 'hides', 'hour', 'how', 'hyper', 'id',
        'illegal', 'im', 'in', 'indent', 'index', 'indices', 'indir', 'infinite',
        'infix', 'infix:<+>', 'infix:<->', 'install_method_cache', 'Instant',
        'instead', 'Int', 'int-bounds', 'interval', 'in-timezone', 'invalid-str',
        'invert', 'invocant', 'IO', 'IO::Notification.watch-path', 'is_trusted',
        'is_type', 'isa', 'is-absolute', 'isa-ok', 'is-approx', 'is-deeply',
        'is-hidden', 'is-initial-thread', 'is-int', 'is-lazy', 'is-leap-year',
        'isNaN', 'isnt', 'is-prime', 'is-relative', 'is-routine', 'is-setting',
        'is-win', 'item', 'iterator', 'join', 'keep', 'kept', 'KERNELnames', 'key',
        'keyof', 'keys', 'kill', 'kv', 'kxxv', 'l', 'lang', 'last', 'lastcall', 'later',
        'lazy', 'lc', 'leading', 'level', 'like', 'line', 'lines', 'link', 'List',
        'listen', 'live', 'lives-ok', 'local', 'lock', 'log', 'log10', 'lookup', 'lsb',
        'made', 'MAIN', 'make', 'Map', 'match', 'max', 'maxpairs', 'merge', 'message',
        'method', 'method_table', 'methods', 'migrate', 'min', 'minmax', 'minpairs',
        'minute', 'misplaced', 'Mix', 'MixHash', 'mkdir', 'mode', 'modified', 'month',
        'move', 'mro', 'msb', 'multi', 'multiness', 'my', 'name', 'named', 'named_names',
        'narrow', 'nativecast', 'native-descriptor', 'nativesizeof', 'new', 'new_type',
        'new-from-daycount', 'new-from-pairs', 'next', 'nextcallee', 'next-handle',
        'nextsame', 'nextwith', 'NFC', 'NFD', 'NFKC', 'NFKD', 'nl-in', 'nl-out',
        'nodemap', 'nok', 'none', 'norm', 'not', 'note', 'now', 'nude', 'Num',
        'numerator', 'Numeric', 'of', 'offset', 'offset-in-hours', 'offset-in-minutes',
        'ok', 'old', 'on-close', 'one', 'on-switch', 'open', 'opened', 'operation',
        'optional', 'ord', 'ords', 'orig', 'os-error', 'osname', 'out-buffer', 'pack',
        'package', 'package-kind', 'package-name', 'packages', 'pair', 'pairs',
        'pairup', 'parameter', 'params', 'parent', 'parent-name', 'parents', 'parse',
        'parse-base', 'parsefile', 'parse-names', 'parts', 'pass', 'path', 'path-sep',
        'payload', 'peer-host', 'peer-port', 'periods', 'perl', 'permutations', 'phaser',
        'pick', 'pickpairs', 'pid', 'placeholder', 'plan', 'plus', 'polar', 'poll',
        'polymod', 'pop', 'pos', 'positional', 'posix', 'postfix', 'postmatch',
        'precomp-ext', 'precomp-target', 'pred', 'prefix', 'prematch', 'prepend',
        'print', 'printf', 'print-nl', 'print-to', 'private', 'private_method_table',
        'proc', 'produce', 'Promise', 'prompt', 'protect', 'pull-one', 'push',
        'push-all', 'push-at-least', 'push-exactly', 'push-until-lazy', 'put',
        'qualifier-type', 'quit', 'r', 'race', 'radix', 'rand', 'range', 'Rat', 'raw',
        're', 'read', 'readchars', 'readonly', 'ready', 'Real', 'reallocate', 'reals',
        'reason', 'rebless', 'receive', 'recv', 'redispatcher', 'redo', 'reduce',
        'rel2abs', 'relative', 'release', 'rename', 'repeated', 'replacement',
        'report', 'reserved', 'resolve', 'restore', 'result', 'resume', 'rethrow',
        'reverse', 'right', 'rindex', 'rmdir', 'role', 'roles_to_compose', 'rolish',
        'roll', 'rootdir', 'roots', 'rotate', 'rotor', 'round', 'roundrobin',
        'routine-type', 'run', 'rwx', 's', 'samecase', 'samemark', 'samewith', 'say',
        'schedule-on', 'scheduler', 'scope', 'sec', 'sech', 'second', 'seek', 'self',
        'send', 'Set', 'set_hidden', 'set_name', 'set_package', 'set_rw', 'set_value',
        'SetHash', 'set-instruments', 'setup_finalization', 'shape', 'share', 'shell',
        'shift', 'sibling', 'sigil', 'sign', 'signal', 'signals', 'signature', 'sin',
        'sinh', 'sink', 'sink-all', 'skip', 'skip-at-least', 'skip-at-least-pull-one',
        'skip-one', 'skip-rest', 'sleep', 'sleep-timer', 'sleep-until', 'Slip', 'slurp',
        'slurp-rest', 'slurpy', 'snap', 'snapper', 'so', 'socket-host', 'socket-port',
        'sort', 'source', 'source-package', 'spawn', 'SPEC', 'splice', 'split',
        'splitdir', 'splitpath', 'sprintf', 'spurt', 'sqrt', 'squish', 'srand', 'stable',
        'start', 'started', 'starts-with', 'status', 'stderr', 'stdout', 'Str',
        'sub_signature', 'subbuf', 'subbuf-rw', 'subname', 'subparse', 'subst',
        'subst-mutate', 'substr', 'substr-eq', 'substr-rw', 'subtest', 'succ', 'sum',
        'Supply', 'symlink', 't', 'tail', 'take', 'take-rw', 'tan', 'tanh', 'tap',
        'target', 'target-name', 'tc', 'tclc', 'tell', 'then', 'throttle', 'throw',
        'throws-like', 'timezone', 'tmpdir', 'to', 'today', 'todo', 'toggle', 'to-posix',
        'total', 'trailing', 'trans', 'tree', 'trim', 'trim-leading', 'trim-trailing',
        'truncate', 'truncated-to', 'trusts', 'try_acquire', 'trying', 'twigil', 'type',
        'type_captures', 'typename', 'uc', 'udp', 'uncaught_handler', 'unimatch',
        'uniname', 'uninames', 'uniparse', 'uniprop', 'uniprops', 'unique', 'unival',
        'univals', 'unlike', 'unlink', 'unlock', 'unpack', 'unpolar', 'unshift',
        'unwrap', 'updir', 'USAGE', 'use-ok', 'utc', 'val', 'value', 'values', 'VAR',
        'variable', 'verbose-config', 'version', 'VMnames', 'volume', 'vow', 'w', 'wait',
        'warn', 'watch', 'watch-path', 'week', 'weekday-of-month', 'week-number',
        'week-year', 'WHAT', 'when', 'WHERE', 'WHEREFORE', 'WHICH', 'WHO',
        'whole-second', 'WHY', 'wordcase', 'words', 'workaround', 'wrap', 'write',
        'write-to', 'x', 'yada', 'year', 'yield', 'yyyy-mm-dd', 'z', 'zip', 'zip-latest',

    )

    PERL6_BUILTIN_CLASSES = (
        # Booleans
        'False', 'True',
        # Classes
        'Any', 'Array', 'Associative', 'AST', 'atomicint', 'Attribute', 'Backtrace',
        'Backtrace::Frame', 'Bag', 'Baggy', 'BagHash', 'Blob', 'Block', 'Bool', 'Buf',
        'Callable', 'CallFrame', 'Cancellation', 'Capture', 'CArray', 'Channel', 'Code',
        'compiler', 'Complex', 'ComplexStr', 'Cool', 'CurrentThreadScheduler',
        'Cursor', 'Date', 'Dateish', 'DateTime', 'Distro', 'Duration', 'Encoding',
        'Exception', 'Failure', 'FatRat', 'Grammar', 'Hash', 'HyperWhatever', 'Instant',
        'Int', 'int16', 'int32', 'int64', 'int8', 'IntStr', 'IO', 'IO::ArgFiles',
        'IO::CatHandle', 'IO::Handle', 'IO::Notification', 'IO::Path',
        'IO::Path::Cygwin', 'IO::Path::QNX', 'IO::Path::Unix', 'IO::Path::Win32',
        'IO::Pipe', 'IO::Socket', 'IO::Socket::Async', 'IO::Socket::INET', 'IO::Spec',
        'IO::Spec::Cygwin', 'IO::Spec::QNX', 'IO::Spec::Unix', 'IO::Spec::Win32',
        'IO::Special', 'Iterable', 'Iterator', 'Junction', 'Kernel', 'Label', 'List',
        'Lock', 'Lock::Async', 'long', 'longlong', 'Macro', 'Map', 'Match',
        'Metamodel::AttributeContainer', 'Metamodel::C3MRO', 'Metamodel::ClassHOW',
        'Metamodel::EnumHOW', 'Metamodel::Finalization', 'Metamodel::MethodContainer',
        'Metamodel::MROBasedMethodDispatch', 'Metamodel::MultipleInheritance',
        'Metamodel::Naming', 'Metamodel::Primitives', 'Metamodel::PrivateMethodContainer',
        'Metamodel::RoleContainer', 'Metamodel::Trusting', 'Method', 'Mix', 'MixHash',
        'Mixy', 'Mu', 'NFC', 'NFD', 'NFKC', 'NFKD', 'Nil', 'Num', 'num32', 'num64',
        'Numeric', 'NumStr', 'ObjAt', 'Order', 'Pair', 'Parameter', 'Perl', 'Pod::Block',
        'Pod::Block::Code', 'Pod::Block::Comment', 'Pod::Block::Declarator',
        'Pod::Block::Named', 'Pod::Block::Para', 'Pod::Block::Table', 'Pod::Heading',
        'Pod::Item', 'Pointer', 'Positional', 'PositionalBindFailover', 'Proc',
        'Proc::Async', 'Promise', 'Proxy', 'PseudoStash', 'QuantHash', 'Range', 'Rat',
        'Rational', 'RatStr', 'Real', 'Regex', 'Routine', 'Scalar', 'Scheduler',
        'Semaphore', 'Seq', 'Set', 'SetHash', 'Setty', 'Signature', 'size_t', 'Slip',
        'Stash', 'Str', 'StrDistance', 'Stringy', 'Sub', 'Submethod', 'Supplier',
        'Supplier::Preserving', 'Supply', 'Systemic', 'Tap', 'Telemetry',
        'Telemetry::Instrument::Thread', 'Telemetry::Instrument::Usage',
        'Telemetry::Period', 'Telemetry::Sampler', 'Thread', 'ThreadPoolScheduler',
        'UInt', 'uint16', 'uint32', 'uint64', 'uint8', 'Uni', 'utf8', 'Variable',
        'Version', 'VM', 'Whatever', 'WhateverCode', 'WrapHandle'
    )

    PERL6_OPERATORS = (
        'X', 'Z', 'after', 'also', 'and', 'andthen', 'before', 'cmp', 'div',
        'eq', 'eqv', 'extra', 'ff', 'fff', 'ge', 'gt', 'le', 'leg', 'lt', 'm',
        'mm', 'mod', 'ne', 'or', 'orelse', 'rx', 's', 'tr', 'x', 'xor', 'xx',
        '++', '--', '**', '!', '+', '-', '~', '?', '|', '||', '+^', '~^', '?^',
        '^', '*', '/', '%', '%%', '+&', '+<', '+>', '~&', '~<', '~>', '?&',
        'gcd', 'lcm', '+', '-', '+|', '+^', '~|', '~^', '?|', '?^',
        '~', '&', '^', 'but', 'does', '<=>', '..', '..^', '^..', '^..^',
        '!=', '==', '<', '<=', '>', '>=', '~~', '===', '!eqv',
        '&&', '||', '^^', '//', 'min', 'max', '??', '!!', 'ff', 'fff', 'so',
        'not', '<==', '==>', '<<==', '==>>', 'unicmp',
    )

    # Perl 6 has a *lot* of possible bracketing characters
    # this list was lifted from STD.pm6 (https://github.com/perl6/std)
    PERL6_BRACKETS = {
        u'\u0028': u'\u0029', u'\u003c': u'\u003e', u'\u005b': u'\u005d',
        u'\u007b': u'\u007d', u'\u00ab': u'\u00bb', u'\u0f3a': u'\u0f3b',
        u'\u0f3c': u'\u0f3d', u'\u169b': u'\u169c', u'\u2018': u'\u2019',
        u'\u201a': u'\u2019', u'\u201b': u'\u2019', u'\u201c': u'\u201d',
        u'\u201e': u'\u201d', u'\u201f': u'\u201d', u'\u2039': u'\u203a',
        u'\u2045': u'\u2046', u'\u207d': u'\u207e', u'\u208d': u'\u208e',
        u'\u2208': u'\u220b', u'\u2209': u'\u220c', u'\u220a': u'\u220d',
        u'\u2215': u'\u29f5', u'\u223c': u'\u223d', u'\u2243': u'\u22cd',
        u'\u2252': u'\u2253', u'\u2254': u'\u2255', u'\u2264': u'\u2265',
        u'\u2266': u'\u2267', u'\u2268': u'\u2269', u'\u226a': u'\u226b',
        u'\u226e': u'\u226f', u'\u2270': u'\u2271', u'\u2272': u'\u2273',
        u'\u2274': u'\u2275', u'\u2276': u'\u2277', u'\u2278': u'\u2279',
        u'\u227a': u'\u227b', u'\u227c': u'\u227d', u'\u227e': u'\u227f',
        u'\u2280': u'\u2281', u'\u2282': u'\u2283', u'\u2284': u'\u2285',
        u'\u2286': u'\u2287', u'\u2288': u'\u2289', u'\u228a': u'\u228b',
        u'\u228f': u'\u2290', u'\u2291': u'\u2292', u'\u2298': u'\u29b8',
        u'\u22a2': u'\u22a3', u'\u22a6': u'\u2ade', u'\u22a8': u'\u2ae4',
        u'\u22a9': u'\u2ae3', u'\u22ab': u'\u2ae5', u'\u22b0': u'\u22b1',
        u'\u22b2': u'\u22b3', u'\u22b4': u'\u22b5', u'\u22b6': u'\u22b7',
        u'\u22c9': u'\u22ca', u'\u22cb': u'\u22cc', u'\u22d0': u'\u22d1',
        u'\u22d6': u'\u22d7', u'\u22d8': u'\u22d9', u'\u22da': u'\u22db',
        u'\u22dc': u'\u22dd', u'\u22de': u'\u22df', u'\u22e0': u'\u22e1',
        u'\u22e2': u'\u22e3', u'\u22e4': u'\u22e5', u'\u22e6': u'\u22e7',
        u'\u22e8': u'\u22e9', u'\u22ea': u'\u22eb', u'\u22ec': u'\u22ed',
        u'\u22f0': u'\u22f1', u'\u22f2': u'\u22fa', u'\u22f3': u'\u22fb',
        u'\u22f4': u'\u22fc', u'\u22f6': u'\u22fd', u'\u22f7': u'\u22fe',
        u'\u2308': u'\u2309', u'\u230a': u'\u230b', u'\u2329': u'\u232a',
        u'\u23b4': u'\u23b5', u'\u2768': u'\u2769', u'\u276a': u'\u276b',
        u'\u276c': u'\u276d', u'\u276e': u'\u276f', u'\u2770': u'\u2771',
        u'\u2772': u'\u2773', u'\u2774': u'\u2775', u'\u27c3': u'\u27c4',
        u'\u27c5': u'\u27c6', u'\u27d5': u'\u27d6', u'\u27dd': u'\u27de',
        u'\u27e2': u'\u27e3', u'\u27e4': u'\u27e5', u'\u27e6': u'\u27e7',
        u'\u27e8': u'\u27e9', u'\u27ea': u'\u27eb', u'\u2983': u'\u2984',
        u'\u2985': u'\u2986', u'\u2987': u'\u2988', u'\u2989': u'\u298a',
        u'\u298b': u'\u298c', u'\u298d': u'\u298e', u'\u298f': u'\u2990',
        u'\u2991': u'\u2992', u'\u2993': u'\u2994', u'\u2995': u'\u2996',
        u'\u2997': u'\u2998', u'\u29c0': u'\u29c1', u'\u29c4': u'\u29c5',
        u'\u29cf': u'\u29d0', u'\u29d1': u'\u29d2', u'\u29d4': u'\u29d5',
        u'\u29d8': u'\u29d9', u'\u29da': u'\u29db', u'\u29f8': u'\u29f9',
        u'\u29fc': u'\u29fd', u'\u2a2b': u'\u2a2c', u'\u2a2d': u'\u2a2e',
        u'\u2a34': u'\u2a35', u'\u2a3c': u'\u2a3d', u'\u2a64': u'\u2a65',
        u'\u2a79': u'\u2a7a', u'\u2a7d': u'\u2a7e', u'\u2a7f': u'\u2a80',
        u'\u2a81': u'\u2a82', u'\u2a83': u'\u2a84', u'\u2a8b': u'\u2a8c',
        u'\u2a91': u'\u2a92', u'\u2a93': u'\u2a94', u'\u2a95': u'\u2a96',
        u'\u2a97': u'\u2a98', u'\u2a99': u'\u2a9a', u'\u2a9b': u'\u2a9c',
        u'\u2aa1': u'\u2aa2', u'\u2aa6': u'\u2aa7', u'\u2aa8': u'\u2aa9',
        u'\u2aaa': u'\u2aab', u'\u2aac': u'\u2aad', u'\u2aaf': u'\u2ab0',
        u'\u2ab3': u'\u2ab4', u'\u2abb': u'\u2abc', u'\u2abd': u'\u2abe',
        u'\u2abf': u'\u2ac0', u'\u2ac1': u'\u2ac2', u'\u2ac3': u'\u2ac4',
        u'\u2ac5': u'\u2ac6', u'\u2acd': u'\u2ace', u'\u2acf': u'\u2ad0',
        u'\u2ad1': u'\u2ad2', u'\u2ad3': u'\u2ad4', u'\u2ad5': u'\u2ad6',
        u'\u2aec': u'\u2aed', u'\u2af7': u'\u2af8', u'\u2af9': u'\u2afa',
        u'\u2e02': u'\u2e03', u'\u2e04': u'\u2e05', u'\u2e09': u'\u2e0a',
        u'\u2e0c': u'\u2e0d', u'\u2e1c': u'\u2e1d', u'\u2e20': u'\u2e21',
        u'\u3008': u'\u3009', u'\u300a': u'\u300b', u'\u300c': u'\u300d',
        u'\u300e': u'\u300f', u'\u3010': u'\u3011', u'\u3014': u'\u3015',
        u'\u3016': u'\u3017', u'\u3018': u'\u3019', u'\u301a': u'\u301b',
        u'\u301d': u'\u301e', u'\ufd3e': u'\ufd3f', u'\ufe17': u'\ufe18',
        u'\ufe35': u'\ufe36', u'\ufe37': u'\ufe38', u'\ufe39': u'\ufe3a',
        u'\ufe3b': u'\ufe3c', u'\ufe3d': u'\ufe3e', u'\ufe3f': u'\ufe40',
        u'\ufe41': u'\ufe42', u'\ufe43': u'\ufe44', u'\ufe47': u'\ufe48',
        u'\ufe59': u'\ufe5a', u'\ufe5b': u'\ufe5c', u'\ufe5d': u'\ufe5e',
        u'\uff08': u'\uff09', u'\uff1c': u'\uff1e', u'\uff3b': u'\uff3d',
        u'\uff5b': u'\uff5d', u'\uff5f': u'\uff60', u'\uff62': u'\uff63',
    }

    def _build_word_match(words, boundary_regex_fragment=None, prefix='', suffix=''):
        if boundary_regex_fragment is None:
            return r'\b(' + prefix + r'|'.join(re.escape(x) for x in words) + \
                   suffix + r')\b'
        else:
            return r'(?<!' + boundary_regex_fragment + r')' + prefix + r'(' + \
                   r'|'.join(re.escape(x) for x in words) + r')' + suffix + r'(?!' + \
                   boundary_regex_fragment + r')'

    def brackets_callback(token_class):
        def callback(lexer, match, context):
            groups = match.groupdict()
            opening_chars = groups['delimiter']
            n_chars = len(opening_chars)
            adverbs = groups.get('adverbs')

            closer = Perl6Lexer.PERL6_BRACKETS.get(opening_chars[0])
            text = context.text

            if closer is None:  # it's not a mirrored character, which means we
                # just need to look for the next occurrence

                end_pos = text.find(opening_chars, match.start('delimiter') + n_chars)
            else:  # we need to look for the corresponding closing character,
                # keep nesting in mind
                closing_chars = closer * n_chars
                nesting_level = 1

                search_pos = match.start('delimiter')

                while nesting_level > 0:
                    next_open_pos = text.find(opening_chars, search_pos + n_chars)
                    next_close_pos = text.find(closing_chars, search_pos + n_chars)

                    if next_close_pos == -1:
                        next_close_pos = len(text)
                        nesting_level = 0
                    elif next_open_pos != -1 and next_open_pos < next_close_pos:
                        nesting_level += 1
                        search_pos = next_open_pos
                    else:  # next_close_pos < next_open_pos
                        nesting_level -= 1
                        search_pos = next_close_pos

                end_pos = next_close_pos

            if end_pos < 0:  # if we didn't find a closer, just highlight the
                # rest of the text in this class
                end_pos = len(text)

            if adverbs is not None and re.search(r':to\b', adverbs):
                heredoc_terminator = text[match.start('delimiter') + n_chars:end_pos]
                end_heredoc = re.search(r'^\s*' + re.escape(heredoc_terminator) +
                                        r'\s*$', text[end_pos:], re.MULTILINE)

                if end_heredoc:
                    end_pos += end_heredoc.end()
                else:
                    end_pos = len(text)

            yield match.start(), token_class, text[match.start():end_pos + n_chars]
            context.pos = end_pos + n_chars

        return callback

    def opening_brace_callback(lexer, match, context):
        stack = context.stack

        yield match.start(), Text, context.text[match.start():match.end()]
        context.pos = match.end()

        # if we encounter an opening brace and we're one level
        # below a token state, it means we need to increment
        # the nesting level for braces so we know later when
        # we should return to the token rules.
        if len(stack) > 2 and stack[-2] == 'token':
            context.perl6_token_nesting_level += 1

    def closing_brace_callback(lexer, match, context):
        stack = context.stack

        yield match.start(), Text, context.text[match.start():match.end()]
        context.pos = match.end()

        # if we encounter a free closing brace and we're one level
        # below a token state, it means we need to check the nesting
        # level to see if we need to return to the token state.
        if len(stack) > 2 and stack[-2] == 'token':
            context.perl6_token_nesting_level -= 1
            if context.perl6_token_nesting_level == 0:
                stack.pop()

    def embedded_perl6_callback(lexer, match, context):
        context.perl6_token_nesting_level = 1
        yield match.start(), Text, context.text[match.start():match.end()]
        context.pos = match.end()
        context.stack.append('root')

    # If you're modifying these rules, be careful if you need to process '{' or '}'
    # characters. We have special logic for processing these characters (due to the fact
    # that you can nest Perl 6 code in regex blocks), so if you need to process one of
    # them, make sure you also process the corresponding one!
    tokens = {
        'common': [
            (r'#[`|=](?P<delimiter>(?P<first_char>[' + ''.join(PERL6_BRACKETS) + r'])(?P=first_char)*)',
             brackets_callback(Comment.Multiline)),
            (r'#[^\n]*$', Comment.Single),
            (r'^(\s*)=begin\s+(\w+)\b.*?^\1=end\s+\2', Comment.Multiline),
            (r'^(\s*)=for.*?\n\s*?\n', Comment.Multiline),
            (r'^=.*?\n\s*?\n', Comment.Multiline),
            (r'(regex|token|rule)(\s*' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + '+:sym)',
             bygroups(Keyword, Name), 'token-sym-brackets'),
            (r'(regex|token|rule)(?!' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + r')(\s*' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + '+)?',
             bygroups(Keyword, Name), 'pre-token'),
            # deal with a special case in the Perl 6 grammar (role q { ... })
            (r'(role)(\s+)(q)(\s*)', bygroups(Keyword, Text, Name, Text)),
            (_build_word_match(PERL6_KEYWORDS, PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE), Keyword),
            (_build_word_match(PERL6_BUILTIN_CLASSES, PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE, suffix='(?::[UD])?'),
             Name.Builtin),
            (_build_word_match(PERL6_BUILTINS, PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE), Name.Builtin),
            # copied from PerlLexer
            (r'[$@%&][.^:?=!~]?' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + u'+(?:<<.*?>>|<.*?>|«.*?»)*',
             Name.Variable),
            (r'\$[!/](?:<<.*?>>|<.*?>|«.*?»)*', Name.Variable.Global),
            (r'::\?\w+', Name.Variable.Global),
            (r'[$@%&]\*' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + u'+(?:<<.*?>>|<.*?>|«.*?»)*',
             Name.Variable.Global),
            (r'\$(?:<.*?>)+', Name.Variable),
            (r'(?:q|qq|Q)[a-zA-Z]?\s*(?P<adverbs>:[\w\s:]+)?\s*(?P<delimiter>(?P<first_char>[^0-9a-zA-Z:\s])'
             r'(?P=first_char)*)', brackets_callback(String)),
            # copied from PerlLexer
            (r'0_?[0-7]+(_[0-7]+)*', Number.Oct),
            (r'0x[0-9A-Fa-f]+(_[0-9A-Fa-f]+)*', Number.Hex),
            (r'0b[01]+(_[01]+)*', Number.Bin),
            (r'(?i)(\d*(_\d*)*\.\d+(_\d*)*|\d+(_\d*)*\.\d+(_\d*)*)(e[+-]?\d+)?',
             Number.Float),
            (r'(?i)\d+(_\d*)*e[+-]?\d+(_\d*)*', Number.Float),
            (r'\d+(_\d+)*', Number.Integer),
            (r'(?<=~~)\s*/(?:\\\\|\\/|.)*?/', String.Regex),
            (r'(?<=[=(,])\s*/(?:\\\\|\\/|.)*?/', String.Regex),
            (r'm\w+(?=\()', Name),
            (r'(?:m|ms|rx)\s*(?P<adverbs>:[\w\s:]+)?\s*(?P<delimiter>(?P<first_char>[^\w:\s])'
             r'(?P=first_char)*)', brackets_callback(String.Regex)),
            (r'(?:s|ss|tr)\s*(?::[\w\s:]+)?\s*/(?:\\\\|\\/|.)*?/(?:\\\\|\\/|.)*?/',
             String.Regex),
            (r'<[^\s=].*?\S>', String),
            (_build_word_match(PERL6_OPERATORS), Operator),
            (r'\w' + PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE + '*', Name),
            (r"'(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^'\\])*'", String),
            (r'"(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^"\\])*"', String),
        ],
        'root': [
            include('common'),
            (r'\{', opening_brace_callback),
            (r'\}', closing_brace_callback),
            (r'.+?', Text),
        ],
        'pre-token': [
            include('common'),
            (r'\{', Text, ('#pop', 'token')),
            (r'.+?', Text),
        ],
        'token-sym-brackets': [
            (r'(?P<delimiter>(?P<first_char>[' + ''.join(PERL6_BRACKETS) + '])(?P=first_char)*)',
             brackets_callback(Name), ('#pop', 'pre-token')),
            default(('#pop', 'pre-token')),
        ],
        'token': [
            (r'\}', Text, '#pop'),
            (r'(?<=:)(?:my|our|state|constant|temp|let).*?;', using(this)),
            # make sure that quotes in character classes aren't treated as strings
            (r'<(?:[-!?+.]\s*)?\[.*?\]>', String.Regex),
            # make sure that '#' characters in quotes aren't treated as comments
            (r"(?<!\\)'(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^'\\])*'", String.Regex),
            (r'(?<!\\)"(\\\\|\\[^\\]|[^"\\])*"', String.Regex),
            (r'#.*?$', Comment.Single),
            (r'\{', embedded_perl6_callback),
            ('.+?', String.Regex),
        ],
    }

    def analyse_text(text):
        def strip_pod(lines):
            in_pod = False
            stripped_lines = []

            for line in lines:
                if re.match(r'^=(?:end|cut)', line):
                    in_pod = False
                elif re.match(r'^=\w+', line):
                    in_pod = True
                elif not in_pod:
                    stripped_lines.append(line)

            return stripped_lines

        # XXX handle block comments
        lines = text.splitlines()
        lines = strip_pod(lines)
        text = '\n'.join(lines)

        if shebang_matches(text, r'perl6|rakudo|niecza|pugs'):
            return True

        saw_perl_decl = False
        rating = False

        # check for my/our/has declarations
        if re.search(r"(?:my|our|has)\s+(?:" + Perl6Lexer.PERL6_IDENTIFIER_RANGE +
                     r"+\s+)?[$@%&(]", text):
            rating = 0.8
            saw_perl_decl = True

        for line in lines:
            line = re.sub('#.*', '', line)
            if re.match(r'^\s*$', line):
                continue

            # match v6; use v6; use v6.0; use v6.0.0;
            if re.match(r'^\s*(?:use\s+)?v6(?:\.\d(?:\.\d)?)?;', line):
                return True
            # match class, module, role, enum, grammar declarations
            class_decl = re.match(r'^\s*(?:(?P<scope>my|our)\s+)?(?:module|class|role|enum|grammar)', line)
            if class_decl:
                if saw_perl_decl or class_decl.group('scope') is not None:
                    return True
                rating = 0.05
                continue
            break

        return rating

    def __init__(self, **options):
        super(Perl6Lexer, self).__init__(**options)
        self.encoding = options.get('encoding', 'utf-8')
