class ExampleClass:
    # initializing the variable inside the class but outside any of its methods makes the variable a class variable;
    counter = 0
    def __init__(self, val = 1):
        self.__first = val
        ExampleClass.counter += 1


example_object_1 = ExampleClass()
example_object_2 = ExampleClass(2)
example_object_3 = ExampleClass(4)
ExampleClass(5)

print(example_object_1.__dict__, example_object_1.counter)
print(example_object_2.__dict__, example_object_2.counter)
print(example_object_3.__dict__, example_object_3.counter)
