text_original: In fact, heavy winter pruning leads rather to increased vegetative vigor. Aside from any special system of pruning, therefore, this rule is to be remembered, that summer pruning is desirable, on general principles, for dwarf fruit trees. [Illustration: FIG. 10  BUSH APPLE, THREE YEARS OLD Showing strong leaders formed during the summer] 3. Side shoots usually need pinching during the growing season. Leaders are more frequently allowed to grow unchecked throughout the season, or are stopped only late in their period of development.
text_transcription: IN FACT HEAVY WINTER PRUNING LEADS RATHER TO INCREASED VEGETATIVE VIGOR ASIDE FROM ANY SPECIAL SYSTEM OF PRUNING THEREFORE THIS RULE IS TO BE REMEMBERED THAT SUMMER PRUNING IS DESIRABLE ON GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR DWARF FRUIT TREES THREE SIDE SHOOTS USUALLY NEED PINCHING DURING THE GROWING SEASON LEADERS ARE MORE FREQUENTLY ALLOWED TO GROW UNCHECKED THROUGHOUT THE SEASON OR ARE STOPPED ONLY LATE IN THEIR PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT
phonemes: ɪn fˈækt, hˈɛvi wˈɪntɚ pɹˈuːnɪŋ lˈiːdz ɹˈæðɚ tʊ ɪŋkɹˈiːst vˈɛdʒɪtˌeɪɾɪv vˈɪɡɚ. ɐsˈaɪd fɹʌm ˌɛni spˈɛʃəl sˈɪstəm ʌv pɹˈuːnɪŋ, ðˈɛɹfɔːɹ, ðɪs ɹˈuːl ɪz təbi ɹᵻmˈɛmbɚd, ðæt sˈʌmɚ pɹˈuːnɪŋ ɪz dɪzˈaɪɚɹəbəl, ˌɔn dʒˈɛnɚɹəl pɹˈɪnsɪpəlz, fɔːɹ dwˈɔːɹf fɹˈuːt tɹˈiːz. [ˌɪləstɹˈeɪʃən: fˈɪɡ. tˈɛn bˈʊʃ ˈæpəl, θɹˈiː jˈɪɹz ˌoʊˌɛldˈiː ʃˈoʊɪŋ stɹˈɔŋ lˈiːdɚz fˈɔːɹmd dˈʊɹɹɪŋ ðə sˈʌmɚ] θɹˈiː. sˈaɪd ʃˈuːts jˈuːʒuːəli nˈiːd pˈɪntʃɪŋ dˈʊɹɹɪŋ ðə ɡɹˈoʊɪŋ sˈiːzən. lˈiːdɚz ɑːɹ mˈɔːɹ fɹˈiːkwəntli ɐlˈaʊd tə ɡɹˈoʊ ʌntʃˈɛkt θɹuːˈaʊt ðə sˈiːzən, ɔːɹ ɑːɹ stˈɑːpt ˈoʊnli lˈeɪt ɪn ðɛɹ pˈiəɹɪəd ʌv dɪvˈɛləpmənt.