Contrary to expectations, the collapse of communism did not bolster international cooperation. On the contrary, all international negotiations – on global warming, financial regulation, and nuclear disarmament (despite the efforts of US President Barack Obama and former Russian President Dmitri Medvedev to conclude a bilateral nuclear-disarmament agreement) – launched since the end of the twentieth century have failed.
Ainsi s'explique aussi la création de la Cour Pénale internationale, décidée par signature à Rome en 1998 et ratifiée par 121 Etats sur 193.