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61101 | ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS IN FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA: CAUSE OR CONSEQUENCE? | The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and importance of anxiety and depression in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD), the relationship between these psychological characteristics, symptom severity and the quality of life. We performed a cross-sectional study. 125 patients with FD according to the Rom... | Biopsychosocial model of FD explained the difficulties of the pathogenesis of this disease. Anxiety and de- pression were frequently observed in FD patients and were related to the severity of their symptoms and the impairment of the patient's HRQOL. Our data suggest that assessing anxiety and depression is important w... | 454 |
61102 | Should we reframe how we think about physical activity and sedentary behaviour measurement? | The measurement of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) is fundamental to health related research, policy, and practice but there are well known challenges to these measurements. Within the academic literature, the terms "validity" and "reliability" are frequently used when discussing PA and SB measureme... | Further work is required to identify all necessary and available solutions and generate consensus in our field to develop the Edinburgh Framework into a useful practical resource. We envisage that ultimately the proposed framework will benefit research, practice, policy, and teaching. We welcome critique, rebuttal, com... | 238 |
61103 | Measuring self-reported quality of life in 8- to 11-year-old children born with gastroschisis: Is the KIDSCREEN questionnaire acceptable? | Children born with gastroschisis have a good prognosis but require surgical correction and long-term follow up. There has been little research on the impact of gastroschisis on the child's health-related quality of life (QoL). The aim was to assess face and content validity of the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire as a measur... | The KIDSCREEN questionnaire has adequate face and content validity as a measure of QoL in children with gastroschisis and is acceptable to both children and parents. | 393 |
61104 | Integrated health service delivery networks and tuberculosis avoidable hospitalizations: is there a relation between them in Brazil? | The early identification of the Breathing Symptoms within the scope of Primary Health Care is recommended, and is also one of the strategies of national sanitary authorities for reaching the elimination of tuberculosis. The purpose of this study is to consider which attributes and which territories have shown the most ... | The results show that progress has been made regarding the coordination of the Health Care Networks, and a positive trend has been shown, even though the levels are not excellent. It was found no relationship between the critical areas of Primary Health Care and tuberculosis avoidable hospitalizations, possibly because... | 378 |
61105 | Is Waist-to-Height Ratio a Better Obesity Risk-Factor Indicator for Puerto Rican Children than is BMI or Waist Circumference? | Puerto Rican children could have a higher prevalence of obesity, compared to US children or even to US Hispanic children. Obese youths are more likely to have risk factors for cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension. Although BMI provides a simple, convenient measurement of obesity, it does not measure body fat... | This study suggests the possibility of higher prevalence of high blood pressure in obese Puerto Rican children. The waist-to height ratio could be the best indicator to measure obesity and potential hypertension in Puerto Rican children. | 401 |
61106 | Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of unknown primary: is early surgical exploration and aggressive debulking justifiable? | Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors that often present with vague symptoms. Identification and localization of the primary NET can be challenging and the true incidence remains unclear. These patients have been thought to have a poor prognosis compared to those patients with a known primary. Therefore, traditi... | Unknown primary NETs are not associated with a poor prognosis as previously reported. Timely surgical exploration and debulking always results in the identification of the primary and a maximum cytoreduction. Early surgical exploration with aggressive debulking is indicated for the treatment of these patients, as for t... | 446 |
61107 | Gender influence on clinical presentation and high-resolution ultrasound findings in primary carpal tunnel syndrome: do women only differ in incidence? | High-resolution ultrasound is increasingly used in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome; yet little is known about gender differences in clinical presentation and ultrasound findings. In this high-resolution ultrasound-based retrospective study in 170 cases, we assessed gender influence in CTS in terms of the severi... | Women differ significantly from men in terms of clinical presentation and ultrasound findings upon first diagnosis of CTS, which should be included in further diagnostic considerations. | 236 |
61108 | Handedness, sexual orientation, and somatic markers for prenatal androgens: Are southpaws really that gay? | Some evidence suggests that prenatal androgens influence both handedness and sexual orientation. This study sought to clarify how androgens, handedness, and sexual orientation are interrelated. Data were obtained from large samples of students enrolled at universities in Malaysia and the US, including self-reported inf... | Ambidextrousness appears to be somewhat more common among females with homosexual tendencies, but left-handedness is nearly as strongly associated with heterosexual preferences, particularly in males, as is right-handedness. Factors indicative of prenatal androgen exposure are associated with sexual orientation in theo... | 287 |
61109 | Sinus Computed Tomography Imaging in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis: Added Value? | To evaluate the prevalence of computed tomography (CT) sinus imaging in a pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) population, determine changes in Lund Mackay (LM) scores over time, and estimate radiation exposure. Case series with chart review. Tertiary care children's hospital. In total, 202 pediatric patients with CF who und... | Based on LM scores, all sinus CT scans in patients with CF reveal moderate to severe sinus disease. Effort should be made to minimize radiation exposure in patients with CF by limiting sinus CT scans to the preoperative context or for evaluation of potential sinusitis complications. | 339 |
61110 | 2D shear-wave ultrasound elastography (SWE) evaluation of ablation zone following radiofrequency ablation of liver lesions: is it more accurate? | To evaluate the usefulness of two-dimensional quantitative ultrasound shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE) [i.e. virtual touch imaging quantification (VTIQ)] in assessing the ablation zone after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for ex vivo swine livers. RFA was performed in 10 pieces of fresh ex vivo swine livers with a T20 e... | The quantitative 2D-SWE of VTIQ is useful for the depiction of the ablation zone after RFA and it facilitates discrimination of different areas in the ablation zone qualitatively and quantitatively. This elastography technique might be useful for the therapeutic response evaluation instantly after RFA. | 653 |
61111 | Does comorbid anxiety counteract emotion recognition deficits in conduct disorder? | Previous research has reported altered emotion recognition in both conduct disorder (CD) and anxiety disorders (ADs) - but these effects appear to be of different kinds. Adolescents with CD often show a generalised pattern of deficits, while those with ADs show hypersensitivity to specific negative emotions. Although t... | Although CD alone was associated with emotion recognition impairments, ADs and comorbid CD+ADs were associated with normal or enhanced emotion recognition performance. The presence of comorbid ADs appeared to counteract the effects of CD, suggesting a potentially protective role, although future research should examine... | 354 |
61112 | Pitfalls and Key Features of a Case of Sclerosing Pneumocytoma: A Cytological Challenge? | The aim of the current case report is to re-evaluate the key features and pitfalls of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of sclerosing pneumocytoma (previously named sclerosing hemangioma) and to establish the importance of FNAC in addressing a proper surgical strategy. Herein we documented a case ... | FNAC is a fundamental tool for distinguishing sclerosing pneumocytoma from a malignant lung tumour and together with clinical, radiological and pathological multidisciplinary assessment is indispensable in planning appropriate surgical management. Cytopathologists should be aware of the pitfalls and key features of the... | 271 |
61113 | Can Pacing Be Regulated by Post-Activation Potentiation? | Given the co-existence of post-activation potentiation (PAP) and fatigue within muscle, it is not known whether PAP could influence performance and pacing during distance running by moderating fatigue. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of PAP on pacing, jumping and other physiological measures during a ... | Our results indicates that fatigue and potentiation co-exist during long lasting endurance events, and that the observed increase in jump performance towards the end of the trial could be reflecting a greater potentiation potentially perhaps counteracting the effects of fatigue and preventing further reductions in spee... | 428 |
61114 | First trimester cystic hygroma: does early detection matter? | To describe the association of abnormal outcomes with fetal cystic hygroma detected when crown-rump length measures less than 45 mm, and to compare them to outcomes among fetuses with cystic hygroma detected when crown-rump length measures 45-84 mm. We performed a retrospective cohort study of fetuses with first trimes... | Cystic hygroma detected when crown-rump length measures below 45 mm have lower rates of chromosomal abnormalities and a higher proportion of normal birth outcomes when compared to those detected later in the first trimester. © 2016 John Wiley&Sons, Ltd. | 408 |
61115 | Does Real-Time Monitoring of Patient Dose With Dose Management Software Increase CT Technologists' Radiation Awareness? | Dose management software can be used to increase patient safety. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether real-time monitoring of patient dose in CT examinations increases CT technologists' dose awareness. Dose data of two scanners (clinical routine CT scanner, mainly outpatients; emergency CT scanner, ... | Real-time monitoring of patient dose with dose management software increases CT technologists' dose awareness and leads to a reduced number of dose notifications due to human error. | 468 |
61116 | Are medical students satisfied with rural community posting? | The aim of the study was to determine whether final year medical students in medical schools of south-east Nigeria were satisfied with rural community posting. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. All final year medical students in the six medical schools in south-east Nigeria who had completed their ru... | Most students were dissatisfied with rural community postings and the major reason for dissatisfaction was lack of interest in rural communities. A properly organized rural community posting is capable of changing the negative attitude of the students towards life and medical practice in the rural area. Adequate orient... | 407 |
61117 | Do Long-Term Survivor Primary Glioblastoma Patients Harbor IDH1 Mutations? | Approximately 3 to 16% of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients are considered long-term survivors (LTS: 3+ years). Given the improved survival conferred by IDH1 mutations and the fact that these mutations are detected in 12% of newly diagnosed GBM cases, could long-term survivorship be explained by IDH1 mutation stat... | Less than a quarter of our patients' long-term survivorship was associated with favorable IDH1 status. Therefore, IDH1 status does not explain most of the long-term survivorship in the temozolomide era. | 459 |
61118 | Does the choice of suture material matter in anterior and posterior colporrhaphy? | The optimal suture material in traditional prolapse surgery is still controversial. Our aim was to investigate the effect of using sutures with rapid (RA) or slow (SA) absorption, on symptomatic recurrence after anterior and posterior colporrhaphy. A population-based longitudinal cohort study with data from the Swedish... | This study indicates that the use of slowly absorbable sutures decreases the odds of having a symptomatic recurrence after an anterior colporrhaphy compared with the use of rapidly absorbable sutures. However, the use of RA sutures may result in less urgency 1 year postoperatively. In posterior colporrhaphy the choice ... | 442 |
61119 | Is There an Increased Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome? | Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a common chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the salivary and lacrimal glands. Arterial stiffness is one of the earliest detectable manifestations of adverse structural and functional changes within the vessel wall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship... | Although patients with pSS appear to have increased arterial stiffness, risk factors associated with arterial stiffness in these patients are similar to the general population. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that a higher PWV in pSS patients is caused, not by pSS itself, but by the use of steroids, hyperten... | 390 |
61120 | Ultrasound Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules: Does Radiologist Assistance Decrease the Rate of Unsatisfactory Biopsies? | Ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (UG-FNAB) is the main presurgical, minimally invasive, accurate and generally safe procedure for the diagnosis of thyroid pathology. At present it is recommended as a valuable diagnostic tool for the management of thyroid nodules. This study aimed to evaluate if a radiolo... | UG-FNAB of the thyroid nodules performed with a radiologist's assistance makes it possible to obtain more valuable specimens, which may improve diagnostic accuracy in the preoperative management of thyroid pathology. | 403 |
61121 | Are homografts superior to conventional prosthetic valves in the setting of infective endocarditis involving the aortic valve? | Surgical dogma suggests that homografts should be used preferentially, compared with conventional xenograft or mechanical prostheses, in the setting of infective endocarditis (IE), because they have greater resistance to infection. However, comparative data that support this notion are limited. From the prospective dat... | No significant benefit to use of homografts was demonstrable with regard to resistance to reinfection in the setting of IE. The choice among prosthetic options should be based on technical and patient-specific factors. Lack of availability of homografts should not impede appropriate surgical intervention. | 610 |
61122 | A contemporary analysis of pulmonary hypertension in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery: Is this a risk factor? | Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) has been considered a risk factor for mortality in cardiac surgery. Among mitral valve surgery (MVS) patients, we sought to determine if severe PHT increases mortality risk and if patients who undergo concomitant tricuspid valve surgery (TVS) incur additional risk. Preoperative PHT was asse... | Mortality in MVS is unaffected by severe PHT or the addition of TVS, yet extreme PHT remains a risk factor. Severe PHT (50-79 mm Hg) should not preclude surgery; concomitant TVS does not increase mortality. | 493 |
61123 | The recommended treatment algorithms of the BCLC and HKLC staging systems: does following these always improve survival rates for HCC patients? | Several staging systems have been proposed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among them, only the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) and Hong Kong Liver Cancer (HKLC) staging systems also recommend treatment modality. This study was designed to see whether BCLC and HKLC staging can guide treatment strategy, so anal... | Both the BCLC and HKLC staging systems effectively stratified patient prognosis, but neither could direct therapy for a large proportion of patients; for some stages, recommended therapy was associated with worse prognosis. | 428 |
61124 | Does Immunosuppressive Therapy Affect Markers of Kidney Damage? | Markers currently used to detect kidney damage are effective in both early (KIM-1, NGAL) and late (MCP-1, MMP, TIMP) stages of renal tubular damage, indicating the progression of chronic kidney disease. Immunosuppressive drugs may damage the transplanted organ through their direct toxic effects and by contributing to t... | Commonly used immunosuppressive drugs influence the concentration of blood markers of kidney damage. This fact should be taken into account when analyzing the association between the concentration of these markers and pathological processes occurring in the transplanted kidney. | 396 |
61125 | Is the HAS-BLED score useful in predicting post-extraction bleeding in patients taking warfarin? | Unexpected post-extraction bleeding is often experienced in clinical practice. Therefore, determining the risk of post-extraction bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy prior to surgery is beneficial. This study aimed to verify whether the HAS-BLED score was useful in predicting post-extraction bleeding i... | The HAS-BLED score alone could not predict post-extraction bleeding. The concomitant use of oral antiplatelet agents was a risk factor for post-extraction bleeding. No episodes of post-extraction bleeding required more than local measures for haemostasis. However, because this was a retrospective study conducted at a s... | 438 |
61126 | Survival From Childhood Hematological Malignancies in Denmark: Is Survival Related to Family Characteristics? | Due to diverse findings as to the role of family factors for childhood cancer survival even within Europe, we explored a nationwide, register-based cohort of Danish children with hematological malignancies. All children born between 1973 and 2006 and diagnosed with a hematological malignancy before the age of 20 years ... | Further research is warranted to gain further knowledge on the impact of family factors on childhood cancer survival in other populations and to elaborate potential underlying mechanisms and pathways of those survival inequalities. | 354 |
61127 | Beneficial Effects of Early Enteral Nutrition After Major Rectal Surgery: A Possible Role for Conditionally Essential Amino Acids? | To investigate direct postoperative outcome and plasma amino acid concentrations in a study comparing early enteral nutrition versus early parenteral nutrition after major rectal surgery. Previously, it was shown that a low plasma glutamine concentration represents poor prognosis in ICU patients. A preplanned substudy ... | Lower plasma glutamine and arginine concentrations were measured in the enteral group, whereas a better clinical outcome was observed. We conclude that plasma amino acids do not provide a causal explanation for the observed beneficial effects of early enteral feeding after major rectal surgery. | 476 |
61128 | Do the Threshold Limit Values for Work in Hot Conditions Adequately Protect Workers? | We evaluated core temperature responses and the change in body heat content (ΔHb) during work performed according to the ACGIH threshold limit values (TLV) for heat stress, which are designed to ensure a stable core temperature that does not exceed 38.0°C. Nine young males performed a 120-min work protocol consisting o... | The current study demonstrated that heat balance was not achieved and ΔTb and ΔHb were inconsistent, suggesting that the TLV may not adequately protect workers during work in hot conditions. | 584 |
61129 | Preoperative experience for public hospital patients with gynecologic cancer: Do structural barriers widen the gap? | Widespread disparities in care have been documented in women with gynecologic cancer in the United States. This study was designed to determine whether structural barriers to optimal care were present during the preoperative period for patients with gynecologic cancer. A retrospective review was conducted for patients ... | Patients at the public hospital were subject to a greater number of preoperative visits and had to wait longer for surgery than patients at the private hospital. Attempts to reduce health care disparities should focus on improving efficiency in health care delivery systems once contact has been established. | 352 |
61130 | Corneal Transplantation in Disease Affecting Only One Eye: Does It Make a Difference to Habitual Binocular Viewing? | Clarity of the transplanted tissue and restoration of visual acuity are the two primary metrics for evaluating the success of corneal transplantation. Participation of the transplanted eye in habitual binocular viewing is seldom evaluated post-operatively. In unilateral corneal disease, the transplanted eye may remain ... | In unilateral corneal disease, the transplanted eye does participate in gross binocular viewing but offers limited support to fine levels of binocularity. Improvement in the transplanted eye's optics enhances its participation in binocular viewing. Current metrics of this treatment success can expand to include measure... | 676 |
61131 | Mechanic valve prosthesis and pregnancy: Is Phenprocoumon replaceable? | We report the case of a 30-year-old pregnant patient with mechanical valve replacement in mitral and aortic position. She had discontinued Phenprocoumon-treatment in the 5+4 week of pregnancy by herself. Because of rheumatic fever she had undergone a mechanical aortic and mitral valve replacement 12 years ago. Due to a... | The use of coumarins in pregnancy carries a fetal risk. But it is the most secure anticoagulation after a mechanical valve replacement, especially in high-risk patients. Alternatives are heparins. They don't cross the placenta but are associated with a slightly elevated risk of thromboembolism. | 396 |
61132 | Does OCT morphology provide indications for prognosis of visual acuity after venous occlusion? | Even though macular edema (ME) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is resolved after intravitreal treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), impairment of visual acuity (VA) often persists. A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) i... | In patients with poor VA despite resolved ME the inner retinal layers up to the ELM were significantly thinner, which could be a sign of atrophy. Qualitative differences were seen at the photoreceptor level, which could be explained by ischemia or an involvement of the outer retina during initial ME that leads to perma... | 395 |
61133 | Do artisanal fishers perceive declining migratory shorebird populations? | This paper discusses the results of ethno-ornithological research conducted on the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of artisanal fishers in northeast Brazil between August 2013 and October 2014. The present study analyzed the LEK of 240 artisanal fishermen in relation to Nearctic shorebirds and the factors that may be ... | Changes in the local landscape related to urbanization and tourism are most likely the primary causes underlying the reduced migratory shorebird populations as reported by local inhabitants. Thus, managing and monitoring urbanization and tourism are fundamental to increasing the success of the migration process and imp... | 307 |
61134 | The orientation of transcription factor binding site motifs in gene promoter regions: does it matter? | Gene expression is to large degree regulated by the specific binding of protein transcription factors to cis-regulatory transcription factor binding sites in gene promoter regions. Despite the identification of hundreds of binding site sequence motifs, the question as to whether motif orientation matters with regard to... | Our results suggest that for the motifs considered here, either no specific orientation rendering them functional across all their instances exists with orientational requirements instead depending on gene-locus specific additional factors, or that the binding orientation of transcription factors may generally not be r... | 338 |
61135 | Cardiomyopathy in children: Can we rely on echocardiographic tricuspid regurgitation gradient estimates of right ventricular and pulmonary arterial pressure? | Introduction Agreement between echocardiography and right heart catheterisation-derived right ventricular systolic pressure is modest in the adult heart failure population, but is unknown in the paediatric cardiomyopathy population. All patients at a single centre from 2001 to 2012 with a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy wh... | Transthoracic echocardiography estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure shows modest correlation with right heart pressures, but has limited agreement and may underestimate the degree of pulmonary hypertension in paediatric cardiomyopathy patients. | 442 |
61136 | Implementation of tuberculosis infection control measures in designated hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China: are we doing enough to prevent nosocomial tuberculosis infections? | Tuberculosis (TB) infection control measures are very important to prevent nosocomial transmission and protect healthcare workers (HCWs) in hospitals. The TB infection control situation in TB treatment institutions in southeastern China has not been studied previously. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigat... | TB infection control measures were generally implemented by the TB-designated hospitals. Measures including separation of suspected patients, regular monitoring of infection control practices, and regular fit testing of respirators should be strengthened. Infection measures for sputum collection and respirator fit test... | 430 |
61137 | Does the duration of symptoms influence outcome in patients with sciatica undergoing micro-discectomy and decompressions? | Early surgical treatment for back and leg pain secondary to disc herniation has been associated with very good outcomes. However, there are conflicting data on the role of surgical treatment in case of prolonged radicular symptomatology. We aimed to evaluate whether the duration of symptoms at presentation affects the ... | Our study showed significant improvement in patients with symptoms beyond 1 as well as 2 years since onset, and surgery is a viable option in selected patients. | 612 |
61138 | Is There a Consensus when Physicians Evaluate the Relevance of Retrieved Systematic Reviews? | A significant challenge associated with practicing evidence-based medicine is to provide physicians with relevant clinical information when it is needed. At the same time it appears that the notion of relevance is subjective and its perception is affected by a number of contextual factors. To assess to what extent phys... | There is no consensus among physicians with regards to what constitutes relevant clinical evidence for a given patient case. Subsequently, this finding suggests that evidence retrieval systems should allow for deep customization with regards to physician's preferences and contextual factors, including differences in th... | 349 |
61139 | Are current case-finding methods under-diagnosing tuberculosis among women in Myanmar? | Although there is a large increase in investment for tuberculosis control in Myanmar, there are few operational analyses to inform policies. Only 34% of nationally reported cases are from women. In this study, we investigate sex differences in tuberculosis diagnoses in Myanmar in order to identify potential health syst... | Our study, which is the first to systematically compile and analyse routine operational data from tuberculosis diagnostic centres in Myanmar, found that substantially fewer women than men were diagnosed in all study townships. The sex ratio of newly diagnosed cases varied by age group, month of diagnosis and township o... | 461 |
61140 | Can the follow-up of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma of low and intermediate risk and excellent response to initial therapy be simplified using second-generation thyroglobulin assays? | In view of the low probability of recurrence, the cost-effective follow-up of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) of low or intermediate risk and excellent response to initial therapy represents a challenge. This study evaluated the cases of structural recurrence among these patients. The sample comprised 5... | Our results confirm that in patients with PTC of low or intermediate risk an excellent response to initial therapy can be defined based on nonstimulated Tg ≤ 0·2 ng/ml. Follow-up consisting only of clinical examination and periodic measurement of Tg with a second-generation assay may be sufficient. | 376 |
61141 | Abdominal compartment syndrome in traumatic hemorrhagic shock: is there a fluid resuscitation inflection point associated with increased risk? | The volume of fluid administered during trauma resuscitation correlates with the risk of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). The exact volume at which this risk rises is uncertain. We established the inflection point for ACS risk during shock resuscitation. Using the Glue Grant database, patients aged ≥16 years with ... | There is a dramatic rise in ACS risk after 1,302 mL/kg of fluid is administered. This plot could serve as a guide in limiting the ACS risk during resuscitation. | 400 |
61142 | Could transesophageal echocardiography be useful in selected cases during liver surgery resection? | Although only limited scientific evidence exists promoting the use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in non cardiac surgery, several recent studies have documented its usefulness during liver surgery. In the present case study, through the use of color Doppler TEE, compression of the inferior vena cava and the ... | TEE should be encouraged in patients undergoing liver resection, not only for hemodynamic monitoring, but also for its ability to provide information about the anatomy of the liver, its vessels, and inferior vena cava patency. | 143 |
61143 | Is 3-hour cyclosporine blood level superior to trough level in early post-renal transplantation period? | Cyclosporine dose is traditionally based on trough blood levels. Cyclosporine trough blood level correlates poorly with acute rejection and cyclosporine nephrotoxicity after renal transplantation. We determined whether cyclosporine blood level at any other time point is superior to cyclosporine trough blood level as a ... | Cyclosporine blood level after 3 hours in the early post-transplantation period is associated with acute rejection and cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. A cyclosporine blood level range after 3 hours of 1,100 to 1,500 microg./l. is associated with an optimal outcome. Our data suggest that cyclosporine blood level after 3 ho... | 710 |
61144 | Lack of diagnostic tools to prove erectile dysfunction: consequences for reimbursement? | Oral medications for treatment of erectile dysfunction may drastically increase health care expenses. Therefore, reimbursement for treatment will be limited in many countries. Proof of erectile dysfunction on an individual basis may be required. We determine whether erectile dysfunction can be proved by pharmacostimula... | Erectile dysfunction could not be defined by pharmacostimulated erections but relevant erectile dysfunction was honestly reported. New and reliable tests for clinical assessment are required to support the application for reimbursement of treatment expenses for erectile dysfunction. | 372 |
61145 | Should vasectomy reversal be performed in men with older female partners? | An assumption exists that men with older female partners who seek treatment of post-vasectomy infertility should undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) rather than vasectomy reversal. Although several studies have reviewed ICSI success rates with advancing maternal age, to our... | Vasectomy reversal appears to be cost-effective to achieve fertility in men with ovulating partners older than 37 years. | 397 |
61146 | Should the age specific prostate specific antigen cutoff for prostate biopsy be higher for black than for white men older than 50 years? | Investigators who have examined age specific reference ranges recommend a higher prostate specific antigen (PSA) cutoff for biopsy for black than for white men older than 50 years. We controlled for PSA to determine whether age specific reference range cutoffs for diagnosis defined by the Walter Reed Army Medical Cente... | Black men have similar or worse prostate cancer severity and outcome than white men with similar PSA ranges. Using age specific reference ranges for the PSA test defined by the Walter Reed group, black men have worse outcome than white men after radical prostatectomy. Therefore, we recommend that the PSA cutoff for bio... | 329 |
61147 | Is surgery for large hepatocellular carcinoma justified? | Most hepatocellular carcinomas are still discovered at an advanced stage and are left untreated as large hepatocellular carcinomas are contraindications to liver transplantation and percutaneous ethanol injection and are usually considered as poor indications for liver resection. The aim of this study was to reassess t... | Patients with large hepatocellular carcinomas should not be abandoned and should be considered for liver resection as this treatment may be associated with an in-hospital mortality rate and a long-term survival comparable to that observed after resection of small hepatocellular carcinomas. | 394 |
61148 | DSM-IV substance abuse and dependence: are there really two dimensions of substance use disorders in adolescents? | Data were collected using the 1995 Minnesota Student Survey. Survey items were designed to correspond to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for substance abuse and dependence. Public schools, alternative schools and area learning centers. Of the 78,800 students between the ages of 14 and 18 years who completed the survey, 18,8... | The study findings indicate that DSM-IV substance abuse and dependence criteria may be more optimally structured as a unidimensional construct rather than as bidimensional constructs for adolescents. | 273 |
61149 | Complications in the first year of laparoscopic gastric banding: is it acceptable? | From December 1997 to December 1998, 25 laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding (LASGB) procedures were done without previous experience in bariatric surgery. Body mass index (BMI) ranged from 37 to 57 kg/m2 (average 45.5 kg/m2). Retrospective analysis of the 1-year experience was done. Operating time was meas... | Despite lack of experience in bariatric surgery in these laparoscopic surgeons, the complications with LASGB appear to be acceptable. Although prior bariatric surgical experience is preferable. | 255 |
61150 | Fingerstick Helicobacter pylori antibody test: better than laboratory serological testing? | Antibody testing is the recommended method to screen for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Whole-blood fingerstick antibody tests are simple, in-office tests providing rapid results, but the accuracy of first-generation tests was lower than other diagnostic tests. We assessed a new whole-blood antibody test, u... | New generation in-office, whole-blood antibody tests that can achieve a sensitivity and specificity similar to or better than those of widely used quantitative laboratory serological tests may be used as the initial screening tests of choice for H. pylori. | 411 |
61151 | Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: have we made an impact in 4 decades? | To evaluate trends in survival among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over the past 4 decades. Three population based prevalence cohorts of all Rochester, Minnesota, residents age>or =35 years with RA (1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria) on January 1, 1965, January 1, 1975, and January 1, 1985; and a... | The excess mortality associated with RA has not changed in 4 decades. Moreover, people with RA have not enjoyed the same improvements in survival experienced by their non-RA peers. More attention should be paid to mortality as an outcome measure in RA. | 391 |
61152 | Does social integration confound the relation between alcohol consumption and mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT)? | It has been proposed that social integration would act as a confounder in the relationship between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality. This study tested the assumption that the J-shaped relationship between drinking and all-cause mortality may partly reflect a protective effect of social integration, to the ex... | The MRFIT data fail to confirm a confounding effect of social integration. | 256 |
61153 | Prostaglandin E1: a new agent for the prevention of renal dysfunction in high risk patients caused by radiocontrast media? | Acute renal failure following the administration of radiocontrast media (RCM) is a complication found especially in patients with impaired renal function. Within the limits of a pilot study, the objective was to (a) show the effectiveness and compatibility of prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)=Alprostadil) in preventing acute ... | Results from this pilot-study suggest that intravenous PGE(1) may be used efficaciously and safely to prevent RCM-induced renal dysfunction in patients with pre-existing impaired renal function. | 445 |
61154 | Can nurses screen all outpatients? | This paper outlines and evaluates a nurse based model for screening outpatients that is utilized in our free standing Surgical Day Care Centre (SDCC). For 668 outpatients presenting at our SDCC, the attending anesthesiologist completed a study survey that was designed to identify: completeness of history; important con... | The use of the nurse based model allowed for the efficient use of anesthesia and surgical day care centre resources. The model was better at 'ruling out' patients who do not need to be seen by anesthesiology ahead of the day of surgery rather than 'ruling in' patients who need to be seen by anesthesiology. | 346 |
61155 | Surgical management of renal trauma: is vascular control necessary? | To assess in a randomized prospective manner nephrectomy rate, transfusion rate, blood loss, and time of operation in penetrating renal trauma patients randomized to vascular control or no vascular control before opening Gerota's fascia. During a 53-month period from January of 1994 to May of 1998, 56 patients with pen... | Vascular control of the renal hilum before opening Gerota's fascia has no impact on nephrectomy rate, transfusion requirements, or blood loss. Operative time may be increased with the vascular control technique. | 585 |
61156 | A preliminary investigation into the use of virtual environments in memory retraining after vascular brain injury: indications for future strategy? | In a preliminary investigation of the use of Virtual Environments (VEs) in neurorehabilitation, this study compares the effects of active and passive experience of a VE on two types of memory in vascular brain injury patients and controls. Forty-eight patients with vascular brain injury and 48 non-impaired control part... | The findings are discussed in relation to their implications for memory rehabilitation strategies. | 214 |
61157 | Should the patient with an interatrial defect recognized in adulthood always be operated on? | Atrial septal defect (ASD) can be recognized in adult age, mostly in asymptomatic or scarcely symptomatic patients. These patients differ from patients in "historical" clinical series, in whom diagnosis was done on the basis of clinical evidence, and their natural history is probably different. Our aim was to verify re... | In an adult population affected with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic ASD and age at first diagnosis>or = 30 years, surgical closure of the defect did not modify morbidity and mortality at a mid-term follow-up. We suggest that, mostly in older asymptomatic patients, surgery should not be a routine choice and clinical... | 483 |
61158 | Parathyroid adenomas: is bilateral neck exploration necessary? | The traditional surgical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism is bilateral neck exploration with identification of all parathyroid glands. Multiple investigators who recommend initial unilateral neck exploration based on more advanced localization studies have recently challenged this approach. We reviewed our exp... | Unilateral neck exploration based on the results of a T99mS scan can be used as an initial approach for primary hyperparathyroidism if the scan identifies a solitary lesion. The second gland on the same side of the lesion should be biopsied, and if it is normal, the opposite side of the neck may be left undisturbed. If... | 324 |
61159 | Does axillary dissection affect prognosis in T1 breast tumors? | The treatment of patients with breast cancer has undergone many revisions over recent decades. The current trend is toward limited resections and breast conservation. Some authors advocate the abandonment of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for small tumors. While it is accepted that ALND has no therapeutic effect... | ALND did not influence the ten-year survival or the recurrence rate. Tumor size was the only statistically significant and independent prognostic factor for T1 breast cancer patients. | 310 |
61160 | Pure stress leakage symptomatology: is it safe to discount detrusor instability? | To determine whether the combination of a urological history and urinary diary, with rigorous selection criteria, can be used to define a group of women on whom urodynamic assessment is unnecessary prior to offering surgery for urinary stress incontinence. Retrospective review of the urodynamic records of women attendi... | Genuine stress incontinence cannot be diagnosed reliably from a urological history, even when rigorous selection criteria are used in combination with a normal urinary diary. Without cystometry, incontinence secondary to detrusor instability will be missed. | 358 |
61161 | Is an ultrasound assessment of gestational age at the first antenatal visit of value? | To assess the efficacy of an ultrasound scan at the first antenatal visit. Randomised clinical trial. Women's and Children's tertiary level hospital, Adelaide, Australia. Six hundred and forty-eight women attending for their first antenatal visit at less than 17 weeks of gestation who had no previous ultrasound scan in... | A routine ultrasound assessment for dating offered to women at the first antenatal visit provides more precise estimates of gestational age and reduces the need to adjust the estimate of the date of delivery in mid-gestation. Women who had an ultrasound at the first visit reported more positive feelings about their pre... | 613 |
61162 | Does an inflatable obstetric belt facilitate spontaneous vaginal delivery in nulliparae with epidural analgesia? | To assess whether an inflatable obstetric belt, synchronised to apply uniform fundal pressure during a uterine contraction, reduces operative delivery rates when used in the second stage of labour. Randomised controlled trial. Five hundred nulliparae with a singleton cephalic pregnancy at term and with an epidural in l... | The inflatable obstetric belt did not significantly reduce operative delivery rates when used in this clinical setting in the second stage of labour. | 429 |
61163 | Isolated fetal echogenic intracardiac foci or golf balls: is karyotyping for Down's syndrome indicated? | To determine the prevalence of isolated echogenic intracardiac foci and the subsequent risk for Down's syndrome at 18-23 weeks in an unselected obstetric population. Prospective study. A district general hospital serving a routine obstetric population. 16,917 pregnant women who underwent a routine ultrasound screening ... | The significance of the association between isolated echogenic intracardiac foci and Down's syndrome is a matter of ongoing debate. The data of this study suggest that in an unselected obstetric population with prior, effective, routine Down's syndrome screening, the association between isolated echogenic intracardiac ... | 369 |
61164 | Preparation of the internal thoracic artery by vasodilator drugs: is it really necessary? | The internal thoracic artery has become the conduit of choice for coronary artery bypass grafting. To avoid spasm of the artery, and increases in its diameter and flow, various vasodilators have been used either intraluminally or by topical application by different surgeons. In order to define the best vasodilating age... | Within the limits of our study design, we suggest that preparation of the LITA by topical vasodilator drugs using a special applicator tube does not result in a significantly superior free flow than placebo. | 433 |
61165 | The medical review article revisited: has the science improved? | The validity of a review depends on its methodologic quality. To determine the methodologic quality of recently published review articles. Critical appraisal. All reviews of clinical topics published in six general medical journals in 1996. Explicit criteria that have been published and validated were used. Of 158 revi... | The methodologic quality of clinical review articles is highly variable, and many of these articles do not specify systematic methods. | 224 |
61166 | Does a glass of red wine improve endothelial function? | To examine the acute effect of red wine and de-alcoholized red wine on endothelial function. High frequency ultrasound was used to measure blood flow and percentage brachial artery dilatation after reactive hyperaemia induced by forearm cuff occlusion in 12 healthy subjects, less than 40 years of age, without known car... | After ingestion of red wine with alcohol the brachial artery dilated and the blood flow increased. These changes were not observed following the de-alcoholized red wine and were thus attributable to ethanol. These haemodynamic changes may have concealed an effect on flow-mediated brachial artery dilatation which did no... | 381 |
61167 | Does a completely accomplished duplex-based surveillance prevent vein-graft failure? | to assess the benefits of duplex-based vein-graft surveillance over clinical surveillance with distal pressure measurements. prospective randomised comparative trial. three hundred and forty-four patients with 362 consecutive infrainguinal vein bypasses were prospectively randomised to a follow-up regime with or withou... | intensive surveillance with duplex scanning did not improve the results of any outcome criteria examined. To demonstrate any potential benefit of duplex scanning for vein-graft surveillance a multicentre study with a large number of patients to ensure sufficient power is needed. | 298 |
61168 | Do prostaglandins have a salutary role in skeletal muscle ischaemia-reperfusion injury? | the effects of prostaglandins (PG) E1, E2, and the prostacyclin analogue iloprost with and without the addition of free-radical scavengers catalase and superoxide dismutase on gastrocnemius blood flow and oedema were studied in a rodent model of hindlimb ischaemia-reperfusion. male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 6-h hin... | PGE1 and iloprost enhance muscle blood flow at 4-h reperfusion, though neither abolishes low reflow; PGE2 improved flow at 10 and 120 min but not after 240 min. This study demonstrates a potentially beneficial role for prostaglandins in improving muscle blood flow in skeletal muscle ischaemia-reperfusion injury. | 362 |
61169 | Occurrence of hippocampal sclerosis: is one hemisphere or gender more vulnerable? | We analyzed a large group of patients investigated for suspected seizures to test whether gender or side are important factors in the origins of hippocampal sclerosis (HS). We studied 996 consecutive patients (48% men, 52% women) by using standard hippocampal T2-relaxometry methods. HS was associated with a highly abno... | In patients with seizure disorders, hippocampal T2 relaxometry is not different in adult men and women and in the right and left hemispheres. | 273 |
61170 | Can interpectoral nodes be sentinel nodes? | This study was designed to determine if interpectoral nodes could be sentinel nodes for some breast cancers. Thirty-five consecutive breast cancer patients undergoing axillary node dissection had a dissection of the interpectoral nodes. These were sent to pathology as a separate specimen. Three patients were identified... | In upper quadrants or deep breast cancers the interpectoral nodes may be the earliest site of nodal metastasis. This may lead to false negative results in some sentinel node biopsies. | 115 |
61171 | Do subjects with asthma have greater perception of acute bronchoconstriction than smokers with airflow limitation? | Smokers who develop chronic airflow limitation (CAL) do not usually present for medical attention until their lung disease is well advanced. In contrast, asthmatic subjects experience acute symptoms and present for care early in the course of their disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether subjects with a... | In asthmatic subjects, symptoms are closely related to change in FEV1. In smokers with CAL, symptoms change little during bronchial challenge despite large changes in FEV1. The differences in perception between the two subject groups are not due to differences in acute hyperinflation during challenge. We propose that h... | 381 |
61172 | Is there a relationship between serum S-100beta protein and neuropsychologic dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass? | Over the past decade, the glial protein S-100beta has been used to detect cerebral injury in a number of clinical settings including cardiac surgery. Previous investigations suggest that S-100beta is capable of identifying patients with cerebral dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass. Whether detection of elevated le... | Despite using a sensitive immunoluminometric assay of S-100beta, we found no evidence to support the suggestion that early release of S-100beta may reflect long-term neurologic injury capable of producing cognitive impairment. | 337 |
61173 | Is herniography an effective and safe investigation? | The records of all patients undergoing herniography within one unit over a 1 year period were studied retrospectively. A follow-up postal questionnaire was sent out to all patients enquiring about outcome and any complications of herniography. From a total of 64 patients undergoing a herniogram, 36% were found to have ... | Herniography is a useful diagnostic tool for identification of clinically occult hernias, with good rates of sensitivity and specificity. In most cases it is a safe investigation but it is not without a significant complication rate. | 191 |
61174 | Does exchanging comments of Indian and non-Indian reviewers improve the quality of manuscript reviews? | The quality of peer reviewing in developing countries is thought to be poor. To examine whether this was so, we compared the performance of Indian and non-Indian reviewers who were sent original and review articles submitted to The National Medical Journal of India. We also tested whether informing reviewers that their... | We found that non-Indian peer reviewers were better than Indians and informing them that their views would be exchanged did not seem to affect the quality of their reviews. We suggest that Indian editors should also use non-Indian reviewers and start training programmes to improve the quality of peer reviews in India. | 470 |
61175 | Radiation exposure during fluoroscopy: should we be protecting our thyroids? | Recent reports on thyroid cancer among Australian orthopaedic surgeons prompted the present study which sought to evaluate the effectiveness of lead shielding in reducing radiation exposure (RE) to the thyroid region during endo-urological procedures. Radiation exposure to the thyroid region of the surgeon and scrubbed... | Although RE without thyroid shields did not exceed current standards set by radiation safety authorities, no threshold level has been set below which thyroid carcinogenesis is unlikely to occur. Because lead shields are easy to wear and can effectively reduce RE to the thyroid region to near-background levels, they sho... | 322 |
61176 | Gender differences in musculoskeletal injury rates: a function of symptom reporting? | This study determined gender differences in voluntary reporting of lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries among U.S, Marine Corps (USMC) recruits, and it examined the association between these differences and the higher injury rates typically found among women trainees. Subjects were 176 male and 241 female enlisted ... | Our results indicate that the higher injury rates often found in female military trainees may be explained by gender differences in symptom reporting. | 496 |
61177 | Minimally invasive saphenous vein harvesting: is there an improvement of the results with the endoscopic approach? | In the postoperative course after conventional open removal of the greater saphenous vein, wound healing disturbances are common and often painful. Therefore the primary goal of this investigation was to prove the safety and practicability of this new less invasive technique for saphenous vein harvesting and the effect... | Endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting as part of a less invasive concept in cardiac surgery is a safe and after the learning curve, fast alternative to harvest the saphenous graft. The cosmetic result is excellent and the complication rate seems to be lower. It must be noted however, that the cost effectiveness of the m... | 408 |
61178 | Endogenous mediators in emergency department patients with presumed sepsis: are levels associated with progression to severe sepsis and death? | We sought to determine whether levels of the endogenous mediators tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL) 6, and nitric oxide (NO) measured in patients with presumed sepsis (systemic inflammatory response syndrome [SIRS] and infection) are different than levels in patients with presumed noninfectious SIRS, ... | ED patients admitted with presumed sepsis have elevated cytokine levels compared with patients with sepsis who are discharged and with those patients with presumed noninfectious SIRS. An association appears to exist between cytokines and subsequent septic complications in these patients. The importance of these measure... | 446 |
61179 | Angel trumpet: a poisonous garden plant as a new addictive drug? | Angel's trumpet (Species Brugmansia) is widely used as a garden plant because it is easily kept and the luxuriance of its flowering. Belonging to the Family Solanacea it contains a large amount of alkaloids (parasympatholytics). Because of its hallucinogenic action, its leaves and flowers are increasingly used by young... | The ingestion of even a few flowers of Angel's trumpet can cause symptoms of poisoning. Easy availability of the plant thus presents a danger. Because of the increasing incidence of deliberate ingestion by young people, poisoning by Angel's trumpet should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients with confu... | 427 |
61180 | Malacoplakia: a possible complication of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus? | A 47-year-old woman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (HbA1C 9.2%, fasting blood glucose>200 mg/dl) had complained of moderately severe stabbing pain in the left abdomen. On admission there were no abnormal findings on abdominal palpation. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) revealed a partly solid... | Even extensive malakoplakia can be successfully treated with ciprofloxacin. Poorly controlled diabetes together with a weak immune status (CD4/CD8<or = 1) may have favoured the occurrence of malakoplakia. | 271 |
61181 | Iodine deficiency in ambulatory participants at a Sydney teaching hospital: is Australia truly iodine replete? | To assess iodine status in four separate groups--pregnant women, postpartum women, patients with diabetes mellitus and volunteers. Prospective cross-sectional study at a tertiary referral hospital in Sydney. 81 pregnant women attending a "high risk" obstetric clinic; 26 of these same women who attended three months pos... | The high frequency of iodine deficiency found in our participants suggests that dietary sources of iodine in this country may no longer be sufficient. Further population studies are required. | 383 |
61182 | Co-infection with malaria and HIV in injecting drug users in Brazil: a new challenge to public health? | To describe AIDS and malaria geography in Brazil, highlighting the role of injecting drug users (IDUs) in malaria outbreaks occurring in malaria-free regions, and the potential clinical and public health implications of malaria/HIV co-infection. Review of the available literature and original analyses using geoprocessi... | New outbreaks of cases of HIV and malaria are likely to occur among Brazilian IDUs, and might conceivably contribute to the development of treatment-resistant strains of malaria in this population. Health professionals should be alert to this possibility, which could also eventually occur in IDU networks in developed c... | 333 |
61183 | Does the subspecialty of the surgeon performing primary colonic resection influence the outcome of patients with hepatic metastases referred for resection? | To compare resection rates and outcome of patients subsequently referred with hepatic metastases whose initial colon cancers were resected by surgeons with different specialty interests. Variation in practice among noncolorectal specialist surgeons has led to recommendations that colorectal cancers should be treated by... | Fewer patients referred by general surgeons had resectable liver disease. After surgery, recurrent tumor was more likely to develop in the GS group; their overall outcome was worse than that of the CS group. This observation is partly explained by a lower local recurrence rate in the CS group. | 359 |
61184 | Linked production of antibodies to mammalian DNA and to human polyomavirus large T antigen: footprints of a common molecular and cellular process? | To test whether the presence of antibodies to human polyomavirus large T antigen, a viral DNA-binding protein essential for productive polyomavirus replication, correlates with the presence of antibodies to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), or the autologous TATA-binding protein (TBP). Sera from... | A non-self DNA-binding protein such as human polyomavirus large T antigen may render DNA immunogenic upon binding to nucleosomes when expressed in vivo. This is indicated by the strong correlation between antibodies to T antigen and antibodies to DNA or TBP and is consistent with a hapten-carrier model. This model impl... | 312 |
61185 | Radicular pain caused by synovial cyst: an underdiagnosed entity in the elderly? | Synovial cyst is a recognized but infrequent cause of nerve root or spinal canal compression. The authors undertook a review of 839 decompressive spinal procedures performed over a 5-year period. They found seven cases in which the symptoms were caused by synovial cysts. Six of these cases were in a subgroup of 80 pati... | The authors propose that the incidence of synovial cysts may be more common than recognized in the elderly and suggest that preoperative diagnosis may help limit the extent of the surgical approach. | 186 |
61186 | Risk factors for the acquisition of genital warts: are condoms protective? | To characterise risk factors for the acquisition of genital warts and specifically to determine whether condoms confer protection from infection. A retrospective case-control study comparing demographic, behavioural, and sexual factors in men and women with and without newly diagnosed genital warts, who attended Sydney... | Independent risk factors for genital warts include younger age, greater number of lifetime sexual partners, and smoking. Consistent condom use significantly reduces the risk of acquiring genital warts. | 333 |
61187 | Cervical cytology: are national guidelines adequate for women attending genitourinary medicine clinics? | To study whether all women attending a genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic warrant a cervical smear as part of a routine screen for infection, or whether this "at risk" population is adequately covered by the national screening programme. A cervical smear and a screen for sexually transmitted infections (STI) were take... | The national screening programme guidelines for cervical cytology should be followed in the GUM clinic. There is no benefit in performing extra smears outside the programme nor in adopting a policy of universal screening. | 272 |
61188 | Can children with autistic spectrum disorders perceive affect in music? | Children with autistic spectrum disorders typically show impairments in processing affective information within social and interpersonal domains. It has yet to be established whether such difficulties persist in the area of music; a domain which is characteristically rich in emotional content. Fourteen children with au... | In contrast to their performance within social and interpersonal domains, children with autistic disorders showed no deficits in processing affect in musical stimuli. | 159 |
61189 | Is there a role for pneumonectomy in pulmonary metastases? | Although sublobar and lobar resections are accepted operations for pulmonary metastases, pneumonectomy is viewed as a major incursion on Stage IV patients. We considered it important to ascertain the current results of pneumonectomy for pulmonary metastases since little information is available. Of the 5,206 patients w... | Pneumonectomies for pulmonary metastases, albeit infrequently performed, were associated with acceptable operative mortality and long-term survival when performed in selected patients amenable to complete resection. | 462 |
61190 | Cardiac surgery in octogenarians: can elderly patients benefit? | Increasing numbers of the very old are presenting for cardiac surgical procedures. There is little information about quality of life after hospital discharge in this group. From March 1995 to February 1997, 127 patients older than 80 years at operation (mean age, 83+/-2.5 years; range, 80 to 92 years) were entered into... | Octogenarians can undergo cardiac surgical procedures at a reasonable risk and show remarkable improvement in their symptoms. Elderly patients benefit from improved functional status and quality of life. | 536 |
61191 | Are older patients with mechanical heart valves at increased risk? | Controversy exists regarding the use of mechanical valves in older patients. Many authorities believe that the use of anticoagulants in the elderly is associated with an increased risk of warfarin-related complications. Therefore, we compared the results with mechanical valves in older patients to a cohort of younger p... | Mechanical valves perform well in selected older patients with no increased risk of bleeding or thromboembolism. | 528 |
61192 | Myocardial recovery after mechanical support for acute myocarditis: is sustained recovery predictable? | At present, myocardial recovery with mechanical support for acute myocarditis is a more frequently observed issue. However, predictive parameters of a sustained myocardial recovery are still under investigation. Two recent cases of mechanical support for acute lymphocytic myocarditis with two different outcomes are rep... | Long-lasting recovery after mechanical support for acute myocarditis remains unpredictable in our experience. More predictive factors are needed. | 223 |
61193 | Catastrophic hemorrhage on sternal reentry: still a dreaded complication? | To define the incidence of catastrophic hemorrhage (CH) during reoperations, the experience of the University of New Mexico was reviewed and compared with the practice of surgeons contacted by questionnaire. At the University of New Mexico, 610 reoperations were reviewed and 210 deemed high risk because of multiple reo... | The risk of CH could be as high as 1%. The sagittal micro oscillating saw is the safest reported to date. Presence of a conduit increases the risk by 2.5 fold. | 309 |
61194 | Can technetium 99m pyrophosphate be used to quantify myocardial injury in donor hearts? | There are no prospective methods available to quantify the myocyte injury in hearts prior to transplantation. The potential of the isotope labeled infarct marker 99m Technetium pyrophosphate (TcPPT) being used in this role was investigated. Brain death was induced by creating an extradural space occupying lesion in you... | TcPPT has the potential to quantify myocardial injury induced by brain death and its potential utility merits further investigation. | 305 |
61195 | Does sensitization to contact allergens begin in infancy? | Because previous studies have found allergic contact sensitization common in children by 5 years of age, our aim was to determine the prevalence of positive epicutaneous test results in children<5 years of age and to determine whether sensitization to contact allergens was as common in infancy. We recruited 95 asymptom... | Children as young as 6 months of age may be sensitized to contact allergens. Within this pediatric population, the prevalence of sensitization is 24.5%. Sensitization to contact allergens may occur in infants. | 304 |
61196 | Prostate-specific antigen: A surrogate endpoint for screening new agents against prostate cancer? | An endpoint for clinical trials of prostate cancer which simplifies traditional endpoints (response of measurable lesions, progression rates, and death) is urgently needed. This is especially true for hormone-unresponsive disease, for which many new drugs are presently in a development phase. This paper presents a rati... | Relatively small PSA-based trials in patients with hormone-unresponsive prostate cancer are possible if a similar patient population is utilized. As long as surrogacy is not established, such studies cannot be considered conclusive with respect to effectiveness of treatment, but are likely to be useful as a screening t... | 470 |
61197 | Neuroendocrine cells during human prostate development: does neuroendocrine cell density remain constant during fetal as well as postnatal life? | Knowledge concerning differentiation of neuroendocrine (NE) cells during development of the human prostate is rather fragmentary. Using immunohistochemistry combined with a morphometric method, we investigated the distribution and density of NE cells in the developing human prostate, with special emphasis on the topogr... | In the normal prostate, NE cell density probably remains constant in acini/ducts from fetuses to young adulthood. The presence of neuroendocrine cells in well-developed glandular structures at such an early fetal age and their absence in the less differentiated budding tips possibly indicates that differentiation of NE... | 379 |
61198 | Dietary influences on bone mass and bone metabolism: further evidence of a positive link between fruit and vegetable consumption and bone health? | The role of nutritional influences on bone health remains largely undefined because most studies have focused attention on calcium intake. We reported previously that intakes of nutrients found in abundance in fruit and vegetables are positively associated with bone health. We examined this finding further by consideri... | The BMD results confirm our previous work (but at peripheral bone mass sites), and our findings associating bone resorption with dietary factors provide further evidence of a positive link between fruit and vegetable consumption and bone health. | 420 |
61199 | Is there an association between duration of untreated psychosis and 24-month clinical outcome in a first-admission series? | The authors examined the duration of untreated psychosis, defined as the interval from first psychotic symptom to first psychiatric hospitalization, in a county-wide sample of first-admission inpatients who had received no previous antipsychotic medication. Differences between diagnostic groups in 24-month illness cour... | Although these findings require replication in other epidemiologically based first-admission samples, at face value they do not support the suggestion of a psychotoxic effect of prolonged exposure to untreated psychosis. | 325 |
61200 | Is preinfarction angina related to the presence or absence of coronary plaque rupture? | To analyse the prodrome of acute myocardial infarction in relation to the plaque morphology underlying the infarct. A retrospective investigation of the relation between rupture and erosion of coronary atheromatous plaques and the clinical characteristics of acute myocardial infarction. The coronary arteries of 100 pat... | Plaque rupture causes the sudden onset of acute myocardial infarction or unstable preinfarction angina, which may be aggravated by smoking and inflammation. | 336 |
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