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PMC2546371 | 18761734 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Carcinoid tumours (CTs) are the most common neoplasm of the appendix [##REF##9510314##1##,##REF##10080850##2##]. The overall incidence of carcinoid tumours has been estimated to 1 to 2 cases per 1000 appendectomies in surgical specimens [##REF##1157019##3##]. CTs are discovered us... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Carcinoid tumours of the appendix are relatively uncommon neoplasms. Although are considered rare pathology in children, these are the most frequent tumours of the gastrointestinal tract in childhood and adolescence [##REF##2262861##5##]. They are usually benign neoplasm and the u... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In conclusion, CTs are the most common tumours of the appendix. In children, they occur more commonly in white females with a mean age of 13 years. The clinical presentation of the CT is similar to acute appendicitis, but the CT can be an incidental finding during surgical procedu... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 13-years-old female patient presented complaining for abdominal pain in right lower quadrant (RLQ), nausea and decreased appetite the last two days. Physical examination revealed a healthy looking female with a mildly elevated temperature 38°C, blood pressure 110/80 mmHg ... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Intraoperatively we defined a solid, moderately hard, elastic and yellowish mass on the appendix tip, with diameter 1,0 cm.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>The fatty tissue of the appe... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-136-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-136-2\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Neves", "Chapchap", "Sredni", "Viana", "Mendes"], "given-names": ["GR", "P", "ST", "CR", "WL"], "article-title": ["Childhood carcinoid tumors: description of a case series in a Brazilian cancer center"], "source": ["Sao Paolo Med J"], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["124"], "fpage": ["21"], "lpage": ["25"]}... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 17 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:41 | Cases J. 2008 Sep 1; 1:136 | oa_package/52/b1/PMC2546371.tar.gz |
PMC2546372 | 18761733 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Intussusception of the appendix is a rare type of intussusception with an incidence less than 0.01% [##UREF##0##1##]. It is usually mimicking acute or chronic abdominal entities and is usually presented as cecal mass. The diagnosis is difficult to be achieved preoperatively. Appen... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The most common cause of acute abdomen in children is <italic>acute appendicitis </italic>(AA), which presents diagnostic problems and followed by severe complications. Non-typical symptoms include diarrhoeas similar to those in acute gastroenteritis. Atypical presentation of a pe... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>The role of imaging exams (US and CT) in the diagnosis of AA in children may be crucial especially in complicated and obscure cases. In equivocal cases of right lower quadrant pain, these exams may contribute to an earlier diagnosis of AA reducing the rate of unnecessary appendice... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case Presentation</title>",
"<p>An 11-year-old Greek girl presented in the emergency department complaining for intermittent pain in the lower abdomen, as well as for intermittent fever especially during the nights. The symptoms had been presented 14 days ago. The patient had been examined by a doctor who... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>US of the lower right abdomen suggesting intussusception of the appendix. A small quantity of fluid can be noticed.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>In the CT scan remaining of the cont... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-135-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-135-2\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Collins"], "given-names": ["DC"], "article-title": ["Seventy-one thousand human appendix specimens: a final report summarizing 40-year study"], "source": ["Am J Proctol"], "year": ["1963"], "volume": ["14"], "fpage": ["365"], "lpage": ["81"]}, {"surname": ["Murch"], "given-names": ["SH"], "article-title"... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 14 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:41 | Cases J. 2008 Sep 1; 1:135 | oa_package/29/d6/PMC2546372.tar.gz |
PMC2546373 | 18759981 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Calcification of thoracic aorta is very common in old people, especially ones with hypertension. This can sometime be visible on plain chest radiograph. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) can be used for risk stratification for coronary artery disease, and amount of calcium correla... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The relationship between aortic calcification and coronary atherosclerosis remains contentious. One study has shown a strong relationship between extra-coronary plaque in the aorta and coronary artery disease [##REF##9399716##2##]. <italic>Bogalusa Heart Study </italic>showed that... | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 79 year old male with 60 pack year smoking history, emphysema, and hypertension presented with dyspnea and cough. He denied any history of diagnosed coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease. Chest radiography revealed emphysematous changes (figure ##FIG##0##1#... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank patient for giving us consent for the publication of the case report and accompanying radiologic images. We are thankful to the Radiology team for their willingness to provide input on discussion of case and other related information for the publication of this case... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Chest radiograph displaying extensive calcification of the aorta.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>Computed tomography of the chest showing extensive calcification of ascending an... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-133-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-133-2\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Enos", "Beyer", "Holmes"], "given-names": ["WF", "JC", "RH"], "suffix": ["Jr"], "article-title": ["Pathogenesis of coronary disease in American soldiers killed in Korea"], "source": ["JAMA"], "year": ["1955"], "volume": ["158"], "fpage": ["912"], "lpage": ["914"]}] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 7 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Cases J. 2008 Aug 29; 1:133 | oa_package/93/3c/PMC2546373.tar.gz |
PMC2546374 | 18718001 | [] | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Hydatid cyst disease is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (dog tapeworm), E. multilocularis, or E. vogeli [##REF##15462811##1##]. This disease occurs when humans ingest the hexacanth embryos of the dog tape worm. Infestation by hydatid diseas... | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A forty five year old lady presented with chronic dull aching pain with gradually increasing lump in the epigastric and pelvic region since 3 years. A well defined, firm mass of about 20 × 20 centimeters was palpable in epigastrium extending more on right hypochondrium, pro... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>CT scan showing multiple thin walled cysts.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Peritoneal cavity crammed with cysts.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F3\"><label>Figu... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-118-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-118-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-118-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-118-4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-118-5\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Saidi", "Nyhus LM, Baker RJ, Sabiston DC"], "given-names": ["F"], "article-title": ["Treatment of Echinococcal Cysts"], "source": ["Mastery of Surgery"], "year": ["1992"], "edition": ["2"], "publisher-name": ["London: Little, Brown and Company"], "fpage": ["818"], "lpage": ["37"]}, {"surname": ["Nutman",... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 6 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Cases J. 2008 Aug 21; 1:118 | oa_package/e1/14/PMC2546374.tar.gz |
PMC2546375 | 18783623 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Extra-osseous osteogenic sarcomas have been reported from the thyroid gland, kidney, bladder and soft tissues, but mammary osteogenic sarcomas constitute only a small group [##REF##17290347##1##]. Primary sarcomas of the breast are extremely rare and make up less than 0.1% of al... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Extra-skeletal sarcomas tend to occur in the over 50 year old age group [##REF##14659358##3##], which is in contrast to osteogenic sarcoma arising from bone which mainly occur in children and adolescents. Primary osteosarcomas of the breast are very rare and account for less than ... | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 66-year-old Caucasian lady presented with a painless, enlarging lump in her right breast. There was no history of trauma, skin changes, nipple discharge, or any other breast lumps. She was otherwise asymptomatic with no symptoms of bone pain. There was no family history o... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors thank the patient for allowing this case to be published.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>(a) Osteosarcoma (×4); (b) Giant cells with osteoid formation (×20); (c) Giant cells with osteoid formation (×20); (d) Negative immunohistochemical staining for CAM5.2 (×20); (e) Negative immunohistochemical staining for MNF116 (×20); (f) Positiv... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Learning points from this case report</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"left\"><bold>Learning points</bold></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">1.</td><td align=\"left\">Primary bre... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-148-1\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 10 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Cases J. 2008 Sep 10; 1:148 | oa_package/57/af/PMC2546375.tar.gz |
PMC2546376 | 18778468 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>A 68 year-old woman, with multiple myeloma, was admitted with progressive, exertional dyspnea and dry cough, which started a few days before presentation. With exercise, her oxygen saturation fell to 85% on room air. Two weeks prior, she had developed diffuse erythematous skin les... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Thalidomide, originally a sedative-hypnotic drug, has been shown to have activity in the multimodality treatment of leprosy, hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, including prostate, ovarian, renal cell cancer and Kaposi's sarcoma[##REF##10564693##1##,##REF##15811905##2##], d... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In conclusion, we present a case of eosinophilic pneumonia secondary to thalidomide. The patient's clinical course, radiographic and bronchoscopic findings strongly support a diagnosis of thalidomide-induced eosinophilic pneumonia, in the absence of any other positive historical a... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Abbreviations</title>",
"<p>BAL: Bronchoalveolar lavage; CT: Computed Tomography; Ig G: Immunoglobulin G; MRSA: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus.</p>",
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Thanks to Dr. Jeffrey Kanne for providing the photographs of the radiographs.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>High-resolution transverse CT image shows extensive patchy ground-glass opacity throughout both lungs.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>The lung pathology consists of a mild inter... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-143-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-143-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-143-3\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Baum", "Crapo"], "given-names": ["GL", "JD"], "source": ["Baum's textbook of pulmonary diseases"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["xxii"], "edition": ["7"], "publisher-name": ["Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins"], "fpage": ["1479"]}] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 19 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Cases J. 2008 Sep 8; 1:143 | oa_package/96/40/PMC2546376.tar.gz |
PMC2546377 | 18718016 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease characterized by a progressive rise in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, ultimately resulting in right heart failure and death [##REF##8988890##1##]. Symptoms include breathlessness, fatigue, palpitations, ankle o... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Item selection</title>",
"<p>As the ultimate purpose of the study was to calculate QALYs, it was decided to construct the preference based measure from the 25-item CAMPHOR QoL scale. Fewer items are included in a preference based measure as, otherwise, it would require an unman... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>Table ##TAB##0##1## includes details of items selected. The internal consistency for these six items was 0.72.</p>",
"<title>Derivation of health state classification</title>",
"<p>Four domains were captured using the six selected CAMPHOR items; social activities, travelling, dep... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The results from this study present a method for analysing existing and future data from clinical trials and other evidence sources where the CAMPHOR has been employed. Thus the CAMPHOR is now able to provide data on health state values in addition to PH-specific symptomatology, f... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>This research has demonstrated that it is possible to estimate preference weights for a disease-specific measure relating to pulmonary hypertension. The results can be applied to any data set including the CAMPHOR and hence widen the evidence base for conducting economic evaluatio... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The study was sponsored by Actelion pharmaceuticals. Actelion may use the utility values derived in the study for cost-utility analyses relating to pulmonary hypertension treatments that they produce. Stephen McKenna and David Meads work for Galen Research Ltd who have, i... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to thank Actelion Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd for supporting the present study.</p>"
] | [] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Item selection details</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Item</bold></td><td align=\"left\"><bold>%</bold><break/><bold> affirmation</bold></td><td align=\"left\"><bold>Corrected</bold... | [
"<disp-formula id=\"bmcM1\"><label>(1)</label><italic>Yi </italic>= <italic>f</italic>(<italic>β</italic>'<bold>x</bold><sub><italic>ij</italic></sub>) + <italic>Є</italic><sub><italic>i</italic></sub></disp-formula>",
"<disp-formula id=\"bmcM2\"><label>(2)</label><italic>Yij </italic>= <italic>f</italic>(<italic... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [{"collab": ["Scottish Medicines Consortium"], "article-title": ["Review of Iloprost, November (219/05)"], "year": ["2005"]}, {"article-title": ["Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health"], "source": ["Common drug review submission guidelines for Manufacturers 2007 Ottowa Canada"]}, {"article-title": ["Aust... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 27 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2008 Aug 21; 6:65 | oa_package/78/0d/PMC2546377.tar.gz |
PMC2546378 | 18691426 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Chronic diseases such as infectious disease, cancer, and diabetes are among the most common and costly health problems. The therapy of chronic diseases often lasts for a long time, while the treatment effect may be questionable and yet the side effects may be serious. Hepatitis C ... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Original time-series microarray data applied in our study</title>",
"<p>The original time-series microarray data used in this work is from a study of Milton W. Taylor which was published on Journal of Virology last year[##REF##17267482##4##], and publicly available at GEO <ext-... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Time-dependent diagnostic model</title>",
"<p>The true power of time series microarray analysis does not come from the analysis of single time point, but rather, from the analysis of a series of time points to identify a biomarker chain. The main idea of our model is to fully u... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>It is evident that the prediction accuracy of CA patients is higher than AA patients. Constitutively different responses of black and white hepatitis C patients to pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy had been reported[##REF##15880320##15##] before our study. It shows in our... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Our time-dependent diagnostic model suggests a way of using time series gene expression profiling to predict the treatment effect of pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy on HCV infected patients. Similar experimental and bioinformatics strategies may be used to improve treat... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>TH and KT carried out the study. TH and LX wrote the manuscript. LX and YxL supervised the project. YS provided statistical suggestions, CcW contributed discussions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.</p>",
"<title>Supplementary Material</title>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to thank Editor Francesco Marincola for his responsible attitude and encouraging comments to our manuscript. We also would like to thank Dr. Hongyue Dai for his insightful comment. Funding for this research was provided by Shanghai Pujiang program 06PJ... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>The framework of time-dependent diagnostic model</bold>. \"nontreatable\" means the patient was predicted to have a poor response and should be eliminated from the treatment, \"treatable\" means the patient was predicted to have a good resp... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>The Leave-one-out cross-validation results of all patients, AA patients and CA patients.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"3\">All patients</td><td align=\"center\" colspan=... | [
"<disp-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\" name=\"1479-5876-6-44-i1\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><m... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Processed microarray data, R code and results of time-dependent diagnostic model (part 1). Additional file ##SUPPL##0##1## and file ##SUPPL##1##2## should be downloaded together. R code is for the performance ... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>* Good means good response, poor means poor response.</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>* Good means good response, poor means poor response.</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5876-6-44-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5876-6-44-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5876-6-44-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5876-6-44-4\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"1479-5876-6-44-S1.rar\" mimetype=\"audio\" mime-subtype=\"x-realaudio\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"1479-5876-6-44-S2.rar\" mimetype=\"audio\" mime-subtype=\"x-realaudio\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:... | [{"surname": ["O'Mahony"], "given-names": ["M"], "source": ["Sensory Evaluation of Food: Statistical Methods and Procedures"], "year": ["1986"], "publisher-name": ["CRC Press"], "fpage": ["487"]}, {"surname": ["Conover"], "given-names": ["WJ"], "source": ["Practical Nonparametric Statistics"], "year": ["1998"], "editio... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 17 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | J Transl Med. 2008 Aug 9; 6:44 | oa_package/90/78/PMC2546378.tar.gz |
PMC2546379 | 18684315 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Drug eluting stent (DES) has dramatically reduced restenosis risks compared with bare metal stent (BMS) and conventional balloon angioplasty [##REF##14523139##1##, ####REF##14769686##2##, ##REF##16580520##3####16580520##3##]. Angiographic analysis found that the majority of DES re... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study population</title>",
"<p>Demographic and procedural data were retrieved from a dedicated PCI database between Apr 2004 to Dec 2004 at Fu Wai hospital. Only a simple de novo lesion in single middle and large vessel, stent diameter ≥ 3.0 mm, stent length ≤ 18 mm were includ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>Baseline clinical characteristics were shown in table ##TAB##0##1##. Compared to DES group, the patients in BMS group had lower hypercholesteremia rate (22.0% vs 38.8%, P = 0.006), but age, gender, other risk factors for coronary artery disease and left ventricular function were simi... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>This is the first study to investigate efficacy and safety of single BMS vs. single DES in nondiabetic patients with a simple de novo lesion in the middle and large vessel at 3-year follow-up in real world. The present study found that both DES group and BMS group had similar acut... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>The single BMS has similar efficacy and safety to single DES in non-diabetic patients with a simple de novo lesion in the middle and large vessel at short- and long-term follow-up.</p>"
] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>JLC, SBQ, XWQ, MY, JC, YJW, HBL, JiQY, SJY, JJL, JD and RLG carried out the relevant PCI procedures, BX participated in the design of the study, collected and managed the relevant data, YJY conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination, and revise... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We are very grateful to the staff in the department of cardiology and catheterization laboratory, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, who contributed to complete the present study,</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>The Cardiac death-free cumulative survival between BMS group and DES group at 1-year and 3-year followup.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>TLR-free cumulative survival between BMS group... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Baseline Clinical Characteristics</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">Characteristics</td><td align=\"center\">BMS group<break/> (N = 150 Pts)</td><td align=\"center\">DES group<break/> (N = 8... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Note: Pts, patients; CAD, coronary artery disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Note: Pts, patients; TLR, target lesion revascularization.</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Note: Pts, patients; Re-MI, recurrent myocardial ... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5876-6-42-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5876-6-42-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5876-6-42-3\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Moon", "Chung", "Kim", "Ahn", "Jeong"], "given-names": ["JY", "JW", "JH", "YK", "MH"], "article-title": ["Simultaneous subacute stent thrombosis of two sirolimus-eluting stents in a patient treated by ReoPro, thrombus aspiration and triple anti-platelet agents"], "source": ["Int J Cardiol"], "comment": [... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 42 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | J Transl Med. 2008 Aug 6; 6:42 | oa_package/12/22/PMC2546379.tar.gz |
PMC2546380 | 18775071 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) was first described in the UK in 1985 and became an epidemic that peaked with 37, 280 cases reported in 1992[##REF##14522859##1##]. BSE and other Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) diseases are untreatable, uniformly fatal degenera... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Urine</title>",
"<p>Urine was collected from 4 Simmental cross-breed calves that were orally infected with BSE and 4 age matched controls at 8 month intervals throughout the course of the disease. The calves were infected at 4 months of age. All cattle were scored every second ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Gel image acquisition</title>",
"<p>Urine was collected from 4 Simmental cattle orally infected with BSE and 4 age matched controls at 8 month intervals over the first 40 months of the disease. This generated 4 infected and 4 control biological replicates at each of the 6 time ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Recent advances in 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis technologies, namely the introduction of fluorescent dyes, which allow multiple samples to be co-separated and visualized on one 2-D gel, have increased the utility of this methodology for the discovery of robust protein biomark... | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>JDK, MG, SC, CG have made substantial contributions to conception and design of the experiment. SLRS, LL, MP, JL, UZ, MS performed the acquisition of data. JDK carried out the analysis and interpretation of data. JDK, SLRS, MP, LL, SC have been involved in drafting the... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We would like to thank Michael Carpenter and Julie Boutillier for their advice and many helpful discussions. We would also like to thank Garrett Westmacott and Keding Cheng of the Proteomics Core Facility, Public Health Agency of Canada, for the Mass Spectrometry Analyses. T... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Representative Cy2-labelled internal standard proteome gel image illustrating proteins resolved in the pH4-7 range</bold>. The gel image as loaded into the DIA module prior to spot detection (A). In panel B the 1329 spot features, including... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Sample loading and labelling matrix.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>group</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><bold>cow</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><bold>gel no.</bold></td><td alig... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional File 1</title><p>Results of LC/MS/MS analyses and protein statistics. Thirteen of the 16 spot features included in the class prediction classifier were identified. For each identified protein the mascot score, the number of pe... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>The disease state, cow identity and months post infection (mpi) identify the sample. Dyes and gels were randomly assigned to the 4 biological replicates of infected and control cows to minimize the influence of dye bias and gel to gel variation. The 2 infected samples marked NA were either not ... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-5956-6-23-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-5956-6-23-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-5956-6-23-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-5956-6-23-4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-5956-6-23-5\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"1477-5956-6-23-S1.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"1477-5956-6-23-S2.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlin... | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 34 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Proteome Sci. 2008 Sep 5; 6:23 | oa_package/9b/65/PMC2546380.tar.gz |
PMC2546381 | 18764943 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Diabetic cardiomyopathy is known to develop in humans in the absence of coronary or hypertensive disease [##REF##16159978##1##]. The mechanism by which diabetic cardiomyopathy develops has been studied in literature using in vivo and ex vivo experiments [##REF##15294881##2##,##R... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Animals handling and study protocol</title>",
"<p>A total of 40 adult male Wistar Unilever rats (Harlan, The Netherlands) (10 weeks-old, 328 ± 7 g) were studied.</p>",
"<p>Diabetes mellitus was induced in 20 rats by a single intravenous injection of 45 mg/kg Streptozotocin (S... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Clinical parameters</title>",
"<p>Glucometry and gravimetric parameters are summarized in Table ##TAB##0##1##. After six months, animals treated with STZ had high glucose levels. Other symptoms frequently associated with diabetic state such as lower body weights, polyuria, poly... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The study of cardiomyopathies in small animals may contribute to our understanding of the cardiac pathophysiology and to evaluate experimental treatment strategies. The present study shows that myocardial perfusion imaging with contrast echocardiography can successfully be applied... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Myocardial perfusion imaging with contrast echocardiography can successfully be applied for the non-invasive evaluation of cardiac perfusion at rest and under hyperaemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats. After six months, diabetes induces a functional alteration of the myocardial micr... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Limitations</title>",
"<p>Our STZ model resembled more type 1 diabetes and therefore, our results may not be applied to other forms of diabetes. Using M-Mode, we have only performed radial measurements of diameters and therefore volumes were calculated based on these measurements. However, it has been pre... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Steven Droogmans is Aspirant of the Research Foundation – Flanders (Belgium) (FWO).</p>",
"<p>Tony Lahoutte is a Senior Clinical Investigator of the Research Foundation – Flanders (Belgium) (FWO).</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Example of quantitative perfusion analysis. </bold>The rBV was quantitatively estimated by the division of myocardial plateau video intensity and the adjacent left ventricular intensity in the near wall cavity at rest and during hyperaemia ... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Glucometry and gravimetric data obtained at 6 months of diabetes</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\"><bold>Glycemia (mg/dL)</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><bold>Body mass (g)</bold></t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>*p < 0.05</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Values are mean ± SD. *p = 0.0001; †p = 0.005.</p><p>MBF = myocardial blood flow; rBV = relative blood volume;</p><p>RPP = rate-pressure product; SBP = systolic blood pressure.</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Values are ... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2840-7-26-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2840-7-26-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2840-7-26-3\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Shafrir", "D. Porte RSSAB"], "given-names": ["E"], "article-title": ["Diabetes in animals: Contribution to the understanding of diabetes by study of its etiopathology in animal models in D. Porte, R.S. Sherwin and A. Baron,Diabetes mellitus"], "source": ["Diabetes mellitus"], "year": ["2003"], "publisher... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 46 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2008 Sep 2; 7:26 | oa_package/40/a5/PMC2546381.tar.gz |
PMC2546382 | 18694484 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>The progression of Type 2 diabetes is driven by progressive <italic>β</italic>-cell dysfunction and increased insulin resistance, which results in hypoglycaemia due to difficulty of achieving glycaemic control. Typically, lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise fail to a... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Modelling approach and model</title>",
"<p>This evaluation was undertaken within the context of the UK National Health Service (NHS), and used the NHS as its perspective (payer's perspective). The method used was a cost-utility analysis (CUA) intended to determine the cost per ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Number of end points forecast in each arm</title>",
"<p>The model was designed to output the frequency (per 1,000 patients) in each of a range of pertinent vascular events and mortality that are listed in Table ##TAB##4##5## for the three main scenarios.</p>",
"<title>Ignorin... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>For this analysis, a previously published UK diabetes Type 2 model was used to evaluate the introduction of exenatide in patients with sub-optimally controlled Type 2 diabetes to the UK NHS. As a comparator, insulin glargine, a long-acting once daily human insulin analogue, was ch... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>This study could have a number of implications for policy makers. Given therapeutic equivalence of exenatide and insulin glargine concerning glycaemic control it is likely that a forthcoming NICE appraisal of exenatide possibly would apply the lower £20,000 threshold. This economi... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>PMc conceived the study. AW and TT prepared the model. All authors contributed to the design of the protocol. AW drafted the manuscript. All authors have read... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors acknowledge the assistance of Christopher Morgan and Andrea Longman for help in preparing the manuscript for submission.</p>",
"<p>This study was funded by Sanofi-Aventis UK, the manufacturer of insulin glargine.</p>"
] | [] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Baseline patient characteristics.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">Variable</td><td align=\"center\">Type 2 diabetes</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">Age (years)<sup>†</sup></... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>†</sup>Data from Heine et al[##REF##16230722##22##], <sup>‡ </sup>data from UKPDS baseline cohort[##REF##15517152##16##], * data from Leese et al[##REF##12663593##6##]</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>† Data from: Clarke P, Gray A, Legood R, Briggs A, Holman R: <bold>The impa... | [] | [] | [{"article-title": ["Levemir (Detemir) & Lantus (Glargine) & basal-bolus regimes"], "comment": ["(Last accessed 27.06.2008)"]}, {"surname": ["Lansang", "Kennedy"], "given-names": ["CM", "L"], "article-title": ["Insulin glargine: A basal insulin for the management of diabetes"], "source": ["Expert Review of Endocrinolog... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 53 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2008 Aug 11; 7:24 | oa_package/88/03/PMC2546382.tar.gz |
PMC2546383 | 18783619 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Metal speciation is a primary control on metal mobility and bioavailability in the environment, and adsorption reactions can play a significant role in this process (e.g., [##UREF##0##1##]). Therefore, many researchers have worked to develop predictive models to describe metal ads... | [
"<title>Experimental methods</title>",
"<title>Materials</title>",
"<p>All reagents used were ACS reagent or trace metal grade. DDI water was purified using a Barnstead E-pure (Model D4641) water system. Powdered kaolinite from Edgar, Florida was purchased from Ward's Scientific. X-ray diffraction indicates tha... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<title>Cu adsorption on hydrous ferric oxide (HFO)</title>",
"<p>Cu adsorption on HFO was measured as a function of pH, ionic strength and sorbate/sorbent ratio (Fig. ##FIG##0##1##). For a given sorbate/sorbent ratio, there is little dependence of adsorption on ionic st... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<title>Cu adsorption on hydrous ferric oxide (HFO)</title>",
"<p>Cu adsorption on HFO was measured as a function of pH, ionic strength and sorbate/sorbent ratio (Fig. ##FIG##0##1##). For a given sorbate/sorbent ratio, there is little dependence of adsorption on ionic st... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>This study demonstrates that a simple diffuse layer surface complexation model produces reasonable descriptions of Cu adsorption on HFO and kaolinite over a range of pH, ionic strength, and sorbate/sorbent ratios. In particular, Cu adsorption on kaolinite can be adequately modeled... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>All authors contributed to the design of the experiments and the modeling approach. TJL and MSS carried out all experiments. CMK conceived the study, particip... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>This study was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation CAREER program (NSF-EAR 0348435). Dr. Ray Ferrell at Louisiana State University kindly provided XRD analyses for the kaolinite purchased from Ward's Scientific. Johnson Haas provided helpful comments on... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Cu adsorption as a function of pH on HFO</bold>. Solid concentration is 2 g/L. Lines indicate fits for (A) Dzombak and Morel [##UREF##3##4##] 2-site HFO model and (B) Sverjensky and Sahai [##UREF##30##38##] 1-site HFO model calculated using... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Surface areas, surface site types and site densities used in DLM calculations.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Solid</bold></td><td align=\"left\"><bold>Surface Area (m<sup>2</sup>/g... | [
"<disp-formula id=\"bmcM1\"><label>(1)</label><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\" name=\"1467-4866-9-9-i1\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>Y</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><m... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>a. From CEC (3.0 meq/100 g) measured by Bordon and Giese [##UREF##33##41##] for kaolinite KGA-1b</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Average goodness-of-fit parameters (V(Y)) and 95% confidence intervals of V(Y) are for the fit of each model to all of the Cu on HFO adsorption edge da... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1467-4866-9-9-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1467-4866-9-9-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1467-4866-9-9-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1467-4866-9-9-4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1467-4866-9-9-5\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1467-4866-9-9-6\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1467-4866-9... | [] | [{"surname": ["Stumm", "Morgan"], "given-names": ["W", "JJ"], "source": ["Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters"], "year": ["1996"], "edition": ["3"], "publisher-name": ["New York: Wiley"]}, {"surname": ["Bethke", "Brady"], "given-names": ["CM", "PV"], "article-title": ["How the K"], "sub":... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 43 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Geochem Trans. 2008 Sep 10; 9:9 | oa_package/1c/8d/PMC2546383.tar.gz |
PMC2546384 | 18783600 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>The International Conference of Population and Development (ICPD) held in Cairo in 1994, presented a Program of Action (PoA) which had pledges to achieve the goal of universal access to reproductive health (RH) services for every one in all countries till 2015 [##UREF##0##1##,##... | [
"<title>Methodology</title>",
"<p>Literature review was carried out for the period of 1994–2001, thus selecting the published literature on either ICPD or MDGs using Google, Medline and websites of various organizations. Key words used for the search included Millennium Development Goals; ICPD; Reproductive healt... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>International response to reproductive health</title>",
"<p>For addressing the pace of population growth and related issues in developing countries, United Nations held a conference at Cairo in 1994. One of the outcomes of this conference was the call of new paradigm in reprodu... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The ICPD agenda has been declared as the most comprehensive programme including the goals and targets, which has actually broadened the spectrum of reproductive health. It was a complete paradigm shift for those, who always limited RH to family planning. While the MDGs introduced ... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Besides continuous efforts of the international RH community, the donor preference for investing in RH programs did not change much particularly for developing countries like Pakistan. Now after years of inception of MDGs, many countries are still not on track to progress to achie... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>FGA made substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data. BTS supervised the concept and design, ... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Expected outcomes of working on common grounds between ICPD and MDGs.</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Global stance on reproductive health in international treaties</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>ICPD 1994 PoA</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><bold>ICPD+5 1999</bold></td><td align=\"... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Table 2. National policies showing the position of various reproductive health components.</p></caption></supplementary-material>"
] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1742-4755-5-4-1\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"1742-4755-5-4-S1.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"collab": ["United Nations"], "source": ["Key conference outcomes on population"]}, {"collab": ["United Nations"], "source": ["Report of International Conference of Population and Development Report no: A/CONF171/13 Cairo"], "year": ["1994"]}, {"surname": ["Campbell-White", "Merrick", "Yazbeck"], "given-names": ["A",... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 41 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Reprod Health. 2008 Sep 10; 5:4 | oa_package/5d/99/PMC2546384.tar.gz |
PMC2546385 | 18680604 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Worldwide, around 13 million people inject drugs [##UREF##0##1##]. The first cases of HIV related to injecting drug use were reported in the United States of America in 1982 in the <italic>MMWR </italic>bulletin from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta [#... | [] | [] | [] | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Injecting drug use is driving HIV epidemics in many countries and accounts for almost a third of new infections outside sub-Saharan Africa [##UREF##1##3##]. Across the estimated 13 million PWID globally, drug use patterns, behaviours and contexts vary widely [##REF##17506148##78##... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>DJ and MF were responsible for the Vietnam piece of the paper. DR developed the Lao PDR piece of the manuscript. GS was the main contributor for the Cambodian... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to express their gratitude to the following persons: Dr Pengfei Zhao, Technical Advisor, HIV/AIDS and STI, WHO Viet Nam; Ms Thien Nga Nguyen, National Programme Officer, Targeted HIV Prevention, Viet Nam; Ms Lisa Ng Bow, STP of the HIV team in China; M... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [{"collab": ["UNODC"], "article-title": ["World drug report"], "year": ["2004"]}, {"collab": ["Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)"], "article-title": ["2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic"], "source": ["Geneva, Switzerland"], "year": ["2006"]}, {"collab": ["International Harm Reduction Association"... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 78 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Harm Reduct J. 2008 Aug 5; 5:26 | oa_package/f1/7d/PMC2546385.tar.gz |
PMC2546386 | 18783602 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Offspring vary in their need and condition and parents must assess these parameters to provide optimal care. Therefore, offspring should communicate their needs to the parents and parents should act upon these signals. Studies on altricial animals show that offspring induce and ma... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p>We conducted two playback experiments on outbred domestic guinea pigs at the University of Bielefeld, Germany. All subjects were kept indoors on a 14:10 (L:D) photoperiod at 20–23°C. Laboratory guinea pig chow (Höveler, Langenfeld, Germany) and water were provided <italic>ad libitum<... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>Mothers of four-pup litters abandoned their pups significantly more often and significantly earlier than mothers of two-pup litters (Figs. ##FIG##2##3a, b##; Mann-Whitney <italic>U</italic>-tests; abandoned: <italic>U </italic>= 47; N<sub>1 </sub>= 13, N<sub>2 </sub>= 15; p = 0.014; ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Mothers of large experimental litters abandoned their suckling pups more often than mothers of small experimental litters when separation calls of another pup were broadcast. Moreover, mothers of small litters decreased their responsiveness to pup calls from day 8 to day 20, where... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Our findings demonstrate that guinea pig mothers adjust maternal responsiveness to increased litter size through an increased response to pup calls and an increase in time to weaning. This contradicts earlier findings which seemed to indicate that maternal responsiveness was deter... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>MK, FT and MN designed the experiments and wrote the manuscript. MK conducted the experiments and analyzed the data.</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank the animal care takers and specifically Ursula Rennemann for taking care of the animals during the experimental periods. We thank Karen Fey for helpful suggestions on designing the experiment. We also thank Sandra Düpjan for helpful discussions and comments on earli... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Sound spectrogram of a series of pup separation calls. Calls shown were recorded from an eight days old individual.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Experimental setup for experiment 1:... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1742-9994-5-13-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1742-9994-5-13-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1742-9994-5-13-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1742-9994-5-13-4\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Kilner"], "given-names": ["R"], "article-title": ["Mouth colour is a reliable signal of need in begging canary nestlings"], "source": ["Proc Roy Soc Lond B"], "year": ["1997"], "volume": ["264"], "fpage": ["963"], "lpage": ["968"]}, {"surname": ["Noirot"], "given-names": ["E"], "article-title": ["The ons... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 39 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Front Zool. 2008 Sep 10; 5:13 | oa_package/ec/1b/PMC2546386.tar.gz |
PMC2546387 | 18786245 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) is the most widely utilized functional status measure in paediatric rheumatology today. The CHAQ consists of a disability index (30 items; 8 domains), and a discomfort scale (two visual analogue scales) and can be completed by... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Questionnaires</title>",
"<p>The revised CHAQ with the categorical response option was translated and adapted following the absolutist approach with forward translations, consensus meetings, panel review, back translation, and, finally, authorisation by the developers [##REF##8... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Participants</title>",
"<p>The 59 children from sample A had a mean age of 14.85 (8–25) years and a mean duration of joint complaints of 8.30 (0–20) years. They scored a median of .25 on the original CHAQ with a score range of 0 to 2.86. The 31 patients from sample B had a mean... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>We have shown that the revised version of the Dutch CHAQ<sub>Cat </sub>shows a significantly normal distribution statistically compared to the original Dutch CHAQ. However, opposed to our hypothesis, a less complex score calculation method of the original CHAQ did not improve the ... | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>JWO summarized the existing literature, prepared and analyzed data of samples A and B and prepared the draft of the manuscript. PhP offered the data set of sa... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to thank Dr. Brian M. Feldman, from the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology of SickKids, Toronto, Canada, for his contribution to this study.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Score calculation methods of the seven different versions of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ).</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Box-and-whisker plots of the seven di... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Participant characteristics of sample A and B.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\">Sample A (n = 59; 18 ♂)</td><td align=\"center\">Sample B (n = 31; 16 ♀)</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Sample A = patients from the transition of care study in patients with JIA; Sample B = patients who attended the outpatient physical therapy department of the Wilhelmina's Children Hospital and Medical Center Utrecht, for a regular check-up between May 2005 and December 2005. *) p < .0000</p... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1546-0096-6-14-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1546-0096-6-14-2\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 9 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2008 Sep 11; 6:14 | oa_package/02/ac/PMC2546387.tar.gz |
PMC2546388 | 18717990 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Stress has become frequent in developed countries, as terrorist threats, actions and their aftermaths are experienced in otherwise stable populations. Concern about consequences for offspring whose mothers were stressed during pregnancy derives from strong evidence, from experimen... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p>This study relies on the Jerusalem Perinatal Study, a population-based research cohort derived from all births from 1964–76 in Western (Israeli) Jerusalem. The cohort includes data from the birth certificate and additional information from interviews with mothers, depending on the ye... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>Of the 91,451 live born subjects, 88,829 (97.2%) were traced; linkage with the Psychiatric Registry identified 637 with schizophrenia-related diagnoses and 676 with other psychiatric disorders. As we previously reported [##REF##11296097##25##] the cumulative incidence was estimated a... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>This pilot study shows that a time-limited threat likely to have caused severe anxiety in pregnant women was associated with an altered incidence of schizophrenia in the offspring. Although based on small numbers, our results are consistent with the studies from Finland [##REF##72... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>This study confirms previous reports of an excess incidence of schizophrenia in offspring born to mothers who experienced stress in early pregnancy. It suggests both sex specificity and a relatively narrow window of vulnerability, in the second month of pregnancy.</p>"
] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>DM conceived and coordinated the studies of schizophrenia and participated in drafting the manuscript. CC, KRK and MCP reviewed literature and participated in... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health: 1R01 MH059114 (DM); 2 K24 MH001699 (DM); 1R01 CA080197 (SH); 5K23MH066279-02 (CC) and from the National Alliance for Research of Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD) (DM, SH). The authors thank Ezra Susser and Cait... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Relative risks of schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions in offspring born to mothers pregnant during war of June 1967.</bold> Sub-cohort of 9,519 offspring with information on gestational age.</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Numbers of offspring born (N), cases of schizophrenia (Schiz) and other psychiatric disorders (Other psych) in the months surrounding June 1967, by month of birth and estimated stage of life during the war.</p></caption><table frame=\"hside... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>1. Adjusted for paternal age (continuous), maternal age (30–34, 35+ versus all others), low social class (father's occupation group 5,6 versus 1–4), years married and month of birth. 2. Additionally adjusted for sex. <bold>** p < .03; *** p < .003</bold>.</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-244X-8-71-1\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Parker"], "given-names": ["RB"], "source": ["Israel-Arab War, 1967"], "year": ["1996"], "publisher-name": ["Miami: University Press of Florida"]}, {"article-title": ["\"Six-Day War\""]}, {"surname": ["Cox", "Oakes"], "given-names": ["DR", "D"], "source": ["Analysis of Survival Data"], "year": ["1984"], "... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 48 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | BMC Psychiatry. 2008 Aug 21; 8:71 | oa_package/85/bc/PMC2546388.tar.gz |
PMC2546389 | 18759968 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Several studies note that International Medical Graduates (IMGs) experience additional problems relative to their Canadian counterparts such as loneliness, social isolation, concerns related to family members left behind in home countries, a decrease in social status with an accom... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Survey Instrument</title>",
"<p>Separate surveys were created for IMGs and Program Directors using iterative input from an expert panel of three faculty members. These individuals have worked with IMGs over the past four years with particular emphasis on mentoring, teaching and... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>The response rate for IMGs was 74% (87 out of 118) and the response rate for Program Directors was 62% (45 out of 73). Mean scores for all ten topics and corresponding standard deviations are presented in Table ##TAB##0##1##.</p>",
"<p>Among the IMGs surveyed, Knowledge of the Cana... | [
"<title>Conclusions and discussion</title>",
"<p>Among the IMGs and Program Directors surveyed at our medical school, the majority agreed that an orientation program for all IMGs is required before starting a residency program. Such a program is currently provided for IMGs in the Faculty of Medicine and is report... | [
"<title>Conclusions and discussion</title>",
"<p>Among the IMGs and Program Directors surveyed at our medical school, the majority agreed that an orientation program for all IMGs is required before starting a residency program. Such a program is currently provided for IMGs in the Faculty of Medicine and is report... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>Funds have been received from the Ontario Ministry of Health by the Postgraduate Medical Education Office to design an Orientation Program for incoming IMGs. Results from this study were strictly used as one component to assist the Director of Education and Research in de... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to acknowledge the participation of all the IMGs and Program Directors that completed the surveys. We also wish to thank Loreta Muharuma, Director of Operations, for helping to compile the list of residents and Program Directors. We would also like to ... | [] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Mean scores of challenges faced by IMGs from the perspective of IMGs and their program directors</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\"><bold>IMGs</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><bold>PRO... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>M = mean score</p><p>SD = standard deviation</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 12 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | BMC Med Educ. 2008 Aug 29; 8:42 | oa_package/44/cd/PMC2546389.tar.gz |
PMC2546390 | 18718018 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Prion diseases, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that occur when the normal, cellular prion protein (PrP<sup>C</sup>) is converted into a conformationally altered isoform (PrP<sup>Sc</sup>) that is self-propagating and ... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Cell lines</title>",
"<p>MCF-7 and HpL cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM glutamine, and penicillin/streptomycin, and were maintained in a humidified incubator at 37°C in 5% CO<sub>2</sub>.</p>",
"<p>MCF-7 cells were transfected with a pcDNA3 plasmid ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Expression of PrP in MCF-7 cells weakly suppresses death induced by TNF-α</title>",
"<p>To test the observation that PrP<sup>C </sup>rescues MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells from TNF-α-mediated cell death [##REF##14744790##31##], we first determined the sensitivity of MCF-7 c... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>In this study, we tested the ability of PrP to protect cultured cells from several kinds of cytotoxic insults using assays similar to those that have previously been published by other investigators. We examined the effect of PrP expression on the viability of MCF-7 breast carcino... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective activity of PrP<sup>C </sup>in several mammalian cell culture systems. In each system tested, expression of wild-type PrP elicited a modest protective effect, although less than in previously published studies. We conclude that the... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Abbreviations</title>",
"<p>CGN: cerebellar granule neuron; Dpl: Doppel; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFAP: glial fibrillary acid protein; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; NF-L: ... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We gratefully thank Cheryl Adles and Su Deng for mouse maintenance and genotyping. We also acknowledge Leanne Stewart for primer design and quantitative RT-PCR assistance. <italic>Prn-p</italic><sup><italic>0/0 </italic></sup>mice were obtained from Charles Weissmann. Helen ... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Untransfected MCF-7 cells undergo cell death following treatment with recombinant TNF-α</bold>. (A) MCF-7 cells were treated with 100 ng/ml TNF-α, and cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Absorbance values are expressed as a per... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Analysis of marker proteins in HpL3-2 and HpL3-4 cells by immunofluorescence and quantitative RT-PCR.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>SAMPLE</bold></td><td align=\"center\" colspan=\... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>* Immunofluorescence detection of NeuN, MAP2, and GFAP in brain sections was performed previously [##REF##15262264##36##].</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1750-1326-3-11-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1750-1326-3-11-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1750-1326-3-11-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1750-1326-3-11-4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1750-1326-3-11-5\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Prusiner"], "given-names": ["SB"], "collab": ["(Ed)"], "source": ["Prion Biology and Diseases"], "year": ["2004"], "edition": ["Second"], "publisher-name": ["Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"]}] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 66 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Mol Neurodegener. 2008 Aug 21; 3:11 | oa_package/0b/ff/PMC2546390.tar.gz |
PMC2546391 | 18702817 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Norovirus is one of the four genera currently accepted into the family <italic>Caliciviridae</italic>. Other genera in this family include Sapovirus, which causes gastroenteritis in humans, as well as Lagovirus and Vesivirus, neither of which are pathogenic for humans. Noroviruses... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Human and animal stool specimens</title>",
"<p>Fifty seven human and 29 bovine stool samples were tested. Human samples were selected from faeces collected over a 2-year period (2000–2002) by the Medical Microbiological and Virological Laboratory of the University hospital of L... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Validation of the SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR assay – control of inhibition</title>",
"<p>The set up of the internal RNA control had been previously described [##REF##18424068##21##] and the primers used in the SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR had been validated for their specificit... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>In this study we developed a sensitive and broadly reactive real-time SYBR Green RT-PCR assay that interestingly detects human genogroups I and II and bovine genogroup III noroviruses in a single tube, including an internal control. This assay takes into account that samples may c... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In conclusion, the real-time assay described in this study is an accurate, sensitive, specific and quick method for the detection of a wide range of noroviruses belonging to genogroups I, II and III. At the same time it offers a method to detect samples containing inhibitors, avoi... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>AS designed the internal control and the SYBR Green assay and did the real-time analyses. She drafted the manuscript. DZ carried out the conventional RT-PCR a... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>This work was supported in part by SPF \"Santé publique, Sécurité de la Chaîne alimentaire et Environnement\" (RF6185), by Belgian Science Policy – Science for a Sustainable Development (SSD) (SD/AF/01), by the \"Région Wallonne\" (415701) and the University of Liège.</p>",
... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Distinction between norovirus amplicons and internal control amplicon allowed by the melt curve analysis</bold>. The internal control has a melting temperature around 81.5°C, human norovirus amplicons, around 85.5°C and bovine norovirus amp... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Comparison of the detection of human and bovine noroviruses by the conventional RT-PCR assay and the SYBR Green assay</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td/><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"6\">SYBR Green R... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Normal font: SYBR Green assay on RNA directly; <bold>bold font</bold>: SYBR Green assay modified to remove inhibition using 10-fold dilution of extracted RNA.</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-422X-5-94-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-422X-5-94-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-422X-5-94-3\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Green", "Chanock", "Kapikian", "Knipe DM, Howley PM"], "given-names": ["KY", "RM", "AZ"], "article-title": ["Human caliciviruses"], "source": ["Fields Virology"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["1"], "edition": ["4"], "publisher-name": ["Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins"], "fpage": ["841"], "l... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 41 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Virol J. 2008 Aug 14; 5:94 | oa_package/eb/6c/PMC2546391.tar.gz |
PMC2546392 | 18671869 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is considered by many to be the greatest threat to aviculture of psittacine birds (parrots). This disease has been documented in multiple continents in over 50 different species of psittacines as well as captive and free-ranging species in a... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>PDD case and control definitions, specimen collection, and RNA extraction for pan-viral microarray screening</title>",
"<p>Two independent sets of PDD case and control specimens collected from two distinct geographic locations were independently prepared for pan-viral microarra... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Microarray-based detection of a Bornaviridae signature in PDD cases</title>",
"<p>To identify a possible viral cause of PDD, we applied the Virus chip, a DNA microarray containing 70 mer oligonucleotide probes representing all known viral sequences conserved at multiple nodes o... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>It has been almost 40 years since the first description of PDD. Although a viral etiology has long been suspected, a convincing lead for a responsible viral pathogen has been lacking. By combining veterinary clinical investigation with genomics and molecular biology, we have ident... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>By combining clinical veterinary medical investigation with comprehensive pan-viral microarray and high throughput sequence analyses, we have identified a highly diverged set of avian bornaviruses directly from tissues of PDD cases, but not controls. These results are significant ... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>List of abbreviations</title>",
"<p>ABV: Avian bornavirus; BDV: Borna diseae virus; PDD: Proventricular dilatation disease.</p>",
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>Sequence information obtained here has been disclosed for patenting purposes. ALK, AG, SC, PS-C, KF, KS, CYC, AL, AG, SKB, DG, and... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Jenny Shock (DeRisi lab, UCSF) for providing RNA oligos for 3' RACE experiments; Prof. Shmuel Perl, head of the Division of Pathology (KVI), for allowing us access to the KVI histopathology specimen collection; Dr. Asaf Berkovich (KVI) for assistance with specimen preparatio... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Clinical presentation of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) cases and controls</bold>. A. Necropsy view of control (left panel) African gray parrot (<italic>Psittacus erithacus</italic>) that died of other causes. The normal-sized prov... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>ABV detection in PDD</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\">cases<sup>a</sup></td><td align=\"center\">controls<sup>b</sup></td><td align=\"center\">totals</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td ... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p><bold>Alignment of bornavirus genomes 5' and 3' termini</bold>. Bornavirus genome organization overview diagrammed as in Figure ##FIG##1##2##. Sequences in alignments shown are complementary to vRNA sequence, ... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>a</sup>3 crop biopsies from US source and 5 brain and proventriculus/ventriculus biopsies from Israel source were examined, with ABV detected in 2 of crop specimens and 3 brain specimens. <sup>b</sup>5 crop biopsies from US source and 3 brain and proventriculus/ventriculus biopsies from Is... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-422X-5-88-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-422X-5-88-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-422X-5-88-3\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"1743-422X-5-88-S1.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"1743-422X-5-88-S2.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href... | [{"surname": ["Gregory", "Latimer", "Niagro", "Ritchie", "Campagnoli", "Norton", "Greenacre"], "given-names": ["C", "KS", "F", "BW", "RP", "TM", "CB"], "article-title": ["A review of proventricular dilatation syndrome"], "source": ["J Assoc Avian Vet"], "year": ["1994"], "volume": ["8"], "fpage": ["69"], "lpage": ["75"... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 32 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Virol J. 2008 Jul 31; 5:88 | oa_package/0a/98/PMC2546392.tar.gz |
PMC2546393 | 18786254 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Multi modal postoperative pain management has become standard of care especially in day case surgery [##REF##17350437##1##]. Local anaesthesia applied prior to incision has been shown to have positive effects not only on the postoperative course but also to reduce the needs for ma... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p>After informed consent 44 healthy American Society of Anesthesiology physiological status 1–2 patients; healthy patients aged 18 to 70 years scheduled for elective ankle surgery in general anaesthesia, as day cases, were eligible for inclusion. Patients with history of any previous r... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>The groups were fully comparative; there was no significant difference in patient demographics Table ##TAB##0##1##. Time from etoricoxib premedication to start of anaesthesia was 25 (SD 4) minutes.</p>",
"<p>All surgery and anaesthesia was uneventful and no complications or adverse... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Our study is positive; we found a statistical significant difference between the pre- and post-operative administration of etoricoxib with regard to our primary study endpoint; mean end-tidal sevoflurane concentration needed to maintain a Cerebral State Index of 40–50 during elect... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>There is today a huge and most reassuring clinical experience in that NSAIDs/Coxibs have profound effects in reducing pain, need for opioid rescue analgesia and improving patients satisfaction when used for postoperative pain management in day surgery. When added to a multi-modal ... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>JJ has had the main responsibility for the study and manuscript preparation. All other authors have contributed equally.</p>"
] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Patient's demographics</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\"><bold>Pre-treatment </bold>(n = 22)</td><td align=\"center\"><bold>Post-treatment </bold>(n = 22)</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr>... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>** p < 0.0001 ANOVA</p><p>Et Sevo; end tidal concentration of sevoflurane</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 20 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | J Orthop Surg. 2008 Sep 11; 3:40 | oa_package/13/90/PMC2546393.tar.gz |
PMC2546394 | 18783605 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Elbow Stiffness with loss of function is a common disabling problem that usually arises as a complication of trauma [##REF##7962149##1##, ####REF##6736093##2##, ##REF##3343270##3##, ##UREF##0##4##, ##REF##624574##5####624574##5##], but may also occur following burns[##REF##10404... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p>Between 1998 and 2004, 23 patients referred to our unit were treated surgically for a post traumatic flexion contracture of the elbow. The indication for surgery in all was an established functionally significant extension deficit that had failed non-operative treatment with at least... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>In the study group there were 15 males and 8 females. The median age was 35 yrs (range 16 – 52 yrs). The contracture was post-traumatic in all cases (fracture with dislocation n = 9; fracture n = 9; dislocation n = 3; and soft-tissue injury n = 2). Sixteen patients had an extrinsic c... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Historically, open release was performed via extensive surgical approaches such as the anterior approach that also included a biceps tenotomy [##REF##1277677##28##,##UREF##5##31##]. Urbaniak used the anterior approach to perform a capsulectomy [##REF##4055840##40##], but this does... | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>MDB collected data, analysed results and aided manuscript writing. AJC collected data and aided manuscript writing. JLR wrote the paper. All authors read and ... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>A clinical photograph showing the anterior capsule of the elbow through the lateral approach.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>A clinical photograph showing the excised anterior capsule... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Demographics of patients who underwent surgical correction of post-traumatic flexion contracture of the elbow</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"4\">Defor... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Key: AC = Anterior Capsulectomy; ZLCL = Z-lengthening Lateral Collateral Ligament; ERH = Excision of Radial Head; EOO = Excision of OlecranonOsteophyte; ROM = Removal of Metalwork; UNT = Ulna Nerve Transposition.</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-799X-3-39-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-799X-3-39-2\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Wheeler", "Linscheid"], "given-names": ["DK", "RL"], "article-title": ["Fracture-dislocations of the elbow"], "source": ["Clin Orthop"], "year": ["1967"], "volume": ["50"], "fpage": ["95"]}, {"surname": ["Amadio", "Dobyns", "Morrey BF"], "given-names": ["PC", "JH"], "article-title": ["Congenital Abnormal... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 45 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | J Orthop Surg. 2008 Sep 10; 3:39 | oa_package/58/48/PMC2546394.tar.gz |
PMC2546395 | 18786259 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>One of the major problems in aquaculture of salmonids such as Atlantic salmon (<italic>Salmo salar L</italic>.) and rainbow trout (<italic>Oncorhynchus mykiss</italic>) is production loss due to ectoparasites like sea lice [##UREF##0##1##], which are easily spread between individu... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Experimental fish</title>",
"<p>Juvenile Atlantic salmon (<italic>Salmo salar L</italic>.) were obtained from the Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway and maintained in flow-through seawater tanks (32‰ salinity, mean temperature 9.1°C). Prior to challenge, fish were ran... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Pharmacokinetics</title>",
"<p>The concentrations of EB in liver, muscle and skin at days 7, 14 and 35 after the initiation of emamectin benzoate medication are shown in Fig. ##FIG##1##2##. At day 7 the mean concentration of EB in samples of liver was 33 ng/g, whereas the mean ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Very few genes were significantly differentially regulated in liver (the major detoxifying organ) of EB-medicated fish compared to the control fish at the end of the medication period (day 7), seven days after the end of medication (day 14) and 28 days after the end of the medicat... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In conclusion, this study has shown that a standard seven-day EB treatment has only modest effects on the transcription of genes in liver of Atlantic salmon. Based on GSEA, the medication seems to have produced a temporary oxidative stress response that appeared to affect protein ... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>PAO and BTL planned and designed the experiment. PAO carried out the transcriptional analysis and drafted the manuscript. KKL and EM were involved in qPCR and microarray work. BTL and OBS made the pharmacokinetic study. KP and AKS were involved in experimental design a... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to thank Rolf Hetlelid Olsen for help with fish handling and medication. Atle van Beelen Granlund, the Norwegian Microarray Consortium, Trondheim, is thanked for doing the microarray hybridizations. The authors also would like to thank Audun Høylandskj... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Experimental design. Treatment, sampling and number of fish used for gene transcription analysis. Total number of individuals sampled, number of samples used for microarray analysis (MA) and qPCR (PCR) are given for each sampling time. A total of... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>PCR primers and TaqMan MGB probes, Genbank accession numbers, amplicon sizes and fold changes (microarray and qPCR verification) for the studied genes.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bol... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>* = up-regulated genes</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) with a false discovery rate (FDR) cut-off of approximately 10%. Nominal P values are also shown, as well as gene set sizes (number of genes in each gene set). No gene sets were significantl... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2210-8-16-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2210-8-16-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2210-8-16-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2210-8-16-4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2210-8-16-5\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["MacKinnon"], "given-names": ["BM"], "article-title": ["Sea lice: A review"], "source": ["World Aquaculture"], "year": ["1997"], "volume": ["28"], "fpage": ["5"], "lpage": ["10"]}, {"surname": ["Johannessen"], "given-names": ["A"], "article-title": ["Early stages of "], "italic": ["Lepeophtheirus salmonis... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 38 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | BMC Pharmacol. 2008 Sep 11; 8:16 | oa_package/e0/de/PMC2546395.tar.gz |
PMC2546396 | 18662392 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>The penetration of biomass-derived ethanol (bioethanol) into the road transport fuels market has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, improve fuel security, stimulate the agricultural sector and provide new markets for technology development and application. The... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p>The LC-bioethanol supply chain system is assessed through the development of a spatially explicit model that combines production and logistics. This is based on the modelling approaches commonly applied in the optimisation of multi-site supply chain systems design [##UREF##11##15##,#... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>Cost-optimal configurations illustrating optimal plant location and biomass sourcing at the 50 km<sup>2 </sup>scale are presented and compared in Figure ##FIG##3##4##. Ethanol distribution logistics do not represent a significant driver of the spatial system owing to a comparatively ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The model results presented provide insight into the optimal system configurations for a range of potential scenarios in response to economies of scale and logistical factors. However, the model neglects the impacts of the system dynamics on system performance. The conceptual mode... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>A spatially explicit whole-systems assessment of current and possible future LC-bioethanol infrastructures has been completed. Hypothetical future development scenarios (within the bounds of scientific and engineering postulates) for agricultural, processing and logistical (pipeli... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>List of abbreviations</title>",
"<p>CBP: Consolidated bio-processing; CHP: Combined heat and power; DM: Dry matter; EoSR: Economies of scale ratio; F: Feedstock; GHG: Greenhouse gas; HHV: Higher heating value; LC: Lignocellulosic biomass; LR: Logistics ratio; MILP: Mixed Integer Linear Programming; ODT (o... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to thank the TSEC-BIOSYS consortium, co-ordinated through the Centre for Environment Policy and Technology (ICEPT) at Imperial College London, who provided the funding to complete this research (grant number NERC/NE/C516279/1).</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Global bioethanol market trends 1996–2005</bold>.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>Spatial distribution scenarios</bold>. (a) Centralised. (b) Corner-Point. The size of the ... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Performance metric comparison for starch- and LC-bioethanol life-cycles</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"4\">Metrics</td></tr><tr><td/><td colspan=\"4\"><hr/></td></tr><tr>... | [
"<disp-formula id=\"bmcM1\"><label>(1)</label><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\" name=\"1754-6834-1-13-i1\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mfrac><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mro... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Details of the mathematical model formulation.</p></caption></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>* Percentage dry matter content determined on a wet basis</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>*Assumes equal conversion of both cellulose and hemicellulose fractions</p><p>**Pure ethanol product</p><p>***Distillation includes both <italic>Stripping </italic>and <italic>Rectification ... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1754-6834-1-13-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1754-6834-1-13-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1754-6834-1-13-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1754-6834-1-13-4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1754-6834-1-13-5\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1754-6834-1-13-6\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"1754-6834-1-13-S1.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"collab": ["BP Group"], "article-title": ["Ethanol production table"]}, {"collab": ["Eurostat"], "article-title": ["Energy Monthly statistics \u2013 Issue number 4/2007: 2007 edition"]}, {"surname": ["Perlack", "Wright", "Turhollow", "Graham"], "given-names": ["RD", "LL", "AF", "RL"], "source": ["Biomass as feedstock... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 30 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Biotechnol Biofuels. 2008 Jul 28; 1:13 | oa_package/d1/4b/PMC2546396.tar.gz |
PMC2546397 | 18786248 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>It is established that most of the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) express only one type of odorant receptor (OR) among a thousand gene choices [##REF##10089886##1##,##REF##10862701##2##]. Each OSN functions as a specialized sensor for the detection of diverse odorants in the env... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Animals</title>",
"<p>C57/BL6 mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA). Embryonic day 0 (E0) was defined by the day when the copulation plug was detected in the morning. The day of birth was defined as P0. All experimental procedures we... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Primary olfactory sensory neurons express olfactory specific markers <italic>in vitro</italic></title>",
"<p>To establish an <italic>in vitro </italic>system to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of odorant receptor expression and function, we first extensively validated our... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>In this study we report that cultured primary OSNs express endogenous ORs along with other characteristic odorant signaling molecules. Lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer allows efficient and successful ectopic expression of functional ORs in culture. The mouse OSN culture sy... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In this study, we report an efficient technique for ectopic expression of ORs in OSNs. Using lentiviral vectors, we report close to 100% infection of the cultured OSNs. This high infection efficiency allows not only easy access to the OR-expressing cells but also monitoring of cha... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Abbreviations</title>",
"<p>AC: adenylyl cyclase; CNGA2: cyclic nucleotide gated channel A2 subunit; DIV: days <italic>in vitro</italic>; E: embryonic day; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; NCAM: neuronal cell adhesion molecule; OE: olfactory neuroepithelia; OMP: olfactory marker protein; OR: odor... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank Richard Tucker and the members of the Gong lab for helpful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. This investigation was conducted in a facility constructed with support from Research Facilities Improvement Program Grant Number C06 RR12088-01 from the N... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Primary olfactory sensory neuron culture</bold>. A) Olfactory sensory neurons were identified by β-tubulin III expression and were bipolar with a short dendrite-like and a long axon-like process, resembling their <italic>in vivo </italic>mo... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Primer sequences for this study</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">Primer name</td><td align=\"left\">Sequence</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">Eco OMP</td><td align=\"left\">GA... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>In the RT-PCR experiments, olfactory marker protein transcripts were amplified by primers Eco OMP and OMP Xho, Adenylyl cyclase 3 by AC3F and AC3R, G<sub>αolf </sub>by GolfF2 and GolfR2, cyclic nucleotide gated channel A2 subunit by CNGF2 and CNGR, NeuroD by NeuroD-F and NeuroD-R, Mash1 by Mash... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-22-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-22-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-22-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-22-4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-22-5\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8104-3-22-6\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Weinstein", "Taylor GP"], "given-names": ["DE"], "article-title": ["Isolation and purification of primary rodent astrocytes"], "source": ["Curr Protoc Neurosci"], "year": ["2001"], "edition": ["1"], "publisher-name": ["John Wiley & Sons, Inc"], "fpage": ["3.5.1"]}] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 39 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Neural Develop. 2008 Sep 11; 3:22 | oa_package/16/62/PMC2546397.tar.gz |
PMC2546398 | 18803855 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Memory can be divided into declarative and non-declarative processes. Declarative or explicit memory is the conscious recall of knowledge about facts and events and is particularly well developed in the vertebrate brain. Non-declarative or implicit memory is the non-conscious re... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>A model system for examining the molecular biology of long-term memory – the <italic>Aplysia</italic> sensory to motor neuron synapse</title>",
"<p>In sensory-motor neuron cultures, STF and LTF can be induced by applying 5-HT. One pulse of 5-HT activates PKA and PKC, probably via the activation of differe... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Our special thanks go to Hyoung Kim for the graphic work of the figure. This work was supported by the Creative Research Initiative Program of the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology (to B.-K.K.).</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Schematic model of signaling pathways underlying long-term facilitation in <italic>Aplysia </italic>sensory neuron</bold>. The repeated treatments with neurotransmitter 5-HT activate a G-protein coupled receptor that stimulates adenylyl cyc... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-6606-1-3-1\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Kandel"], "given-names": ["ER"], "source": ["Behavioral biology of Aplysia : a contribution to the comparative study of opisthobranch molluscs /Eric R. Kandel"], "year": ["1979"], "publisher-name": ["San Francisco , W. H. Freeman"], "fpage": ["xiii, 463 p."]}, {"surname": ["Kandel"], "given-names": ["ER"... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 73 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Mol Brain. 2008 Jun 17; 1:3 | oa_package/fe/38/PMC2546398.tar.gz |
PMC2546399 | 18803856 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Although morphine is the most widely used analgesic to treat moderate to severe pain its use is hindered by the development of physical dependence and tolerance to its analgesic effects. The utility of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists in both potentiating and prol... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Animals</title>",
"<p>Adult male (8–10 weeks old) C57Bl/6 mice from Charles River were used in all experiments. At the conclusion of experiments, animals were humanely killed by an overdose of inhaled anesthetic (isoflurane). The animals were housed on a 12 h: 12 h light: dark ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>NR2B plays a role in acute morphine-induced analgesia</title>",
"<p>NMDA receptor antagonists are reported to potentiate, inhibit, or not to alter morphine antinociception with variable results arising from the use of different doses of antagonist and morphine, as well as exper... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>In this study we demonstrate a role for the NMDA NR2B subunit in the expression and acquisition of analgesic tolerance and in responses to acute morphine analgesia. Additionally, we show that inhibiting NR2B receptors in the ACC can inhibit analgesic tolerance. Changes in synaptic... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In summary, we present evidence for a role of the NMDA subunit NR2B in morphine analgesia and opioid tolerance. We also show that inhibiting NR2B receptors in the ACC can inhibit behavioral responses in tolerant animals, suggesting for the first time that this prefrontal region pl... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>SK, FS and JQ performed the behavioral experiments, LJW carried out the electrophysiological experiments, SK and WLJ performed the statistical analysis, SK, LJW and MZ designed the study and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.</p>"... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR66975, CIHR81086), the EJLB-CIHR Michael Smith Chair in Neurosciences and Mental Health, and the Canada Research Chair to M. Z. L.-J.W. is supported by postdoctoral fellowships from the Canadian Institu... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>The role of NR2B receptors in acute morphine-induced analgesia and analgesic tolerance</bold>. (A) Morphine analgesia was greater in mice pretreated with Ro25-6981 (5 mg/kg, i.p., n = 5) compared to mice pretreated with saline (n = 4) begin... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-6606-1-2-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-6606-1-2-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-6606-1-2-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-6606-1-2-4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-6606-1-2-5\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 59 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Mol Brain. 2008 Jun 17; 1:2 | oa_package/16/63/PMC2546399.tar.gz |
PMC2546400 | 18803857 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Cortisol levels are maximal in the early morning and minimal in the late evening in humans [##REF##11324714##1##, ####REF##11403981##2##, ##REF##15204030##3####15204030##3##]. Dysregulation in the diurnal cortisol rhythm has been associated with depression and pathological aging [... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Subjects</title>",
"<p>The subjects volunteered to participate in this study and had no medication history. Each subject filled in a questionnaire that provided information on health and lifestyle. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.</p>",
... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>Subjects were 22- to 66-year-old women (Mean age = 40 yrs, age deviation = 12 yrs, n = 44 subjects) who had no neurological or psychiatric illness. Firstly, the present study analysed salivary-cortisol levels at three different time-points during the day (8 am, 2 pm and 10 pm), colle... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The present study demonstrates a significant correlation between normalized cortisol<sub>10 pm </sub>level and novel object discrimination and recognition. However, there was no significant relationship between cortisol<sub>10 pm </sub>level and either attention or language. These... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Taken together, salivary cortisol level at the evening phase of the diurnal rhythm may have an important role in early deterioration of visual recognition memory in healthy female subjects. The loss of recognition memory, which is vital for everyday life, is a major symptom of the... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>HG carried out all of the experiments. DW confirmed statistics and coordinated the manuscript. KC conceived the study, supervised all experiments and coordinated the manuscript. All authors assisted with writing the manuscript.</p>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>This work was supported by the Royal Society (KC), and UK Alzheimer's Research Trust (KC). DW is a recipient of UK Alzheimer's Research Trust PhD scholarship.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Salivary cortisol level was analysed by means of a cortisol salivary immunoassay kit (for more details, see method)</bold>. (A) Salivary cortisol samples were collected at three particular time points (8 am, 2 pm and 10 pm). Most subjects s... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-6606-1-4-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-6606-1-4-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-6606-1-4-3\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Putman", "Van Honk", "Kessels", "Mulder", "Koppeschaar"], "given-names": ["P", "J", "RP", "M", "HP"], "article-title": ["Salivary cortisol and short and long-term memory for emotional faces in healthy young women"], "source": ["Psychoneuroendocrinol"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["29"], "fpage": ["953"]... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 37 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Mol Brain. 2008 Aug 21; 1:4 | oa_package/10/86/PMC2546400.tar.gz |
PMC2546401 | 18803858 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Editorial</title>",
"<p>Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating form of mental illness, affecting more than 1% of the adult population [##REF##17015232##1##]. Current treatments are palliative at best – reducing the severity of symptoms rather than providing a cure – in part, because of the paucity of ou... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>PWF is supported by a CIHR Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Neurobiology. MS. and MA-C are supported by Restracomp awards from The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute. MA-C is additionally supported by an Ontario Graduate Scholarship award.</p>"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 16 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Mol Brain. 2008 Sep 10; 1:5 | oa_package/a0/7e/PMC2546401.tar.gz |
PMC2546402 | 18761750 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Herbal extracts from traditional Chinese medicine can be formulated to develop novel herbal medicines as potent as synthetic medicines [##REF##15953563##1##, ####REF##15315266##2##, ##REF##12709543##3####12709543##3##]. We investigated <italic>in vitro </italic>anti-inflammatory p... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Materials</title>",
"<p>Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), dexamethasone, olive oil, 4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyloxazolone, acetone, carrageenan, croton oil, Evans blue, and Griess regent (1% sulfanilamide and 0.1% N- [napthyl] ethylenediamine dihydrochloride in 2.5% H<sub>3</sub>PO<... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<title>Selection of three herbal extracts from 20 herbs</title>",
"<p>To develop potent multiple herbal extracts with anti-inflammatory effects, we evaluated the <italic>in vitro </italic>anti-inflammatory effects of each herbal extract in terms of the production of NO ... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<title>Selection of three herbal extracts from 20 herbs</title>",
"<p>To develop potent multiple herbal extracts with anti-inflammatory effects, we evaluated the <italic>in vitro </italic>anti-inflammatory effects of each herbal extract in terms of the production of NO ... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>The present study suggests that KHU14 exerts anti-inflammatory effects as it inhibits the production of NO and PGE<sub>2 </sub>in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated peritoneal macrophages and reduces edema and the amount of infiltrated cells in animal models.</p>"
] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Abbreviations</title>",
"<p>CMC: carboxymethyl cellulose; DMEM: Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DTH: delayed type hypersensitivity; IFN-γ: interferon-gamma; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; NO: nitric oxide; OD: optical density; PGE<sub>2</sub... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>This work was supported by a research grant (03-PJ9-PG6-SO01-002) from the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Effects of KHU14 on cell viability and iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW264.7 cells</bold>. (A) Cell viability. (B) Western blot. RAW264.7 cells were treated with 0, 1, 10, 100, 200 μg/ml of KHU14 dissolved in DMSO one hour before stimulated... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Effects of 20 single herbal extracts (100 μg/ml) on nitrite in mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated by LPS and IFN-γ</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"left\">1</td><td align=\"left\">2</td>... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>1 <italic>Sophora subprostrata</italic>; 2 <italic>Siegesbeckia pubescens</italic>; 3 <italic>Angelica acutiloba</italic>; 4 <italic>Vitex rotundifolia</italic>; 5 Anemarrhena asphodelodies; *6 <italic>Gentiana macrophylla; </italic>7 <italic>Poria cocos</italic>; *8 <italic>Citrus unshiu</ital... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8546-3-10-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8546-3-10-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8546-3-10-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1749-8546-3-10-4\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Tubaro", "Dri", "Delbello", "Zilli", "Logia"], "given-names": ["A", "P", "G", "C", "RD"], "article-title": ["The croton oil ear test revisited"], "source": ["Agents Actions"], "year": ["1985"], "volume": ["17"], "fpage": ["47"], "lpage": ["49"]}, {"surname": ["Tubaro", "Dri", "Delbello", "Zilli", "Logia"... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 23 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Chin Med. 2008 Sep 2; 3:10 | oa_package/35/6f/PMC2546402.tar.gz |
PMC2546403 | 18721476 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Up to 15% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients present with obstructive or perforated tumors and require emergency surgery. In this setting, colonic resections carry 10–20% mortality and 30–50 morbidity rates, due to the patients' poor condition [##UREF##0##1##,##REF##17880381##2##... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p>This is a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent emergency Hartmann's procedure for CRC in our institution between 1995 and 2006. The University Hospital of Geneva is the only public medical institution in a mainly urban area, and thus provides primary care for 75–80% o... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>Median age of patients was 75 (range 22–95) years and the indications for HP were obstruction (32) and perforation (18 patients). The median follow-up was 22 (range 5–111) months. All fifty patients were available for complete follow up, except one who left our country. 29 patients d... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The data presented here indicate that 70% of patients who underwent emergency surgery for obstructive/perforated left-sided CRC had a curative resection. In this group, 5-year survival rate was 40%. The prognosis was similar to elective procedures, and strongly related to tumour s... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Hartmann's operation is effective in palliating symptoms in 30% of patients with obstructive/perforated stage IV left-sided CRC. For those who are candidates to a curative resection, this approach minimizes surgical mortality/morbidity and is associated with stage-dependent surviv... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>PC and PG conceived of the study and wrote the manuscript. AA performed the statistical analysis. FG and BK coordinated the study and helped to draft the manu... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Overall survival.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Survival according to type of resection.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F3\"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Patients' and Tumour Characteristics (N = 50)</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Parameter</bold></td><td/></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Gender</bold></td><td/></tr><... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-90-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-90-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-90-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-90-4\"/>"
] | [] | [{"article-title": ["The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. Guidelines for the management of colorectal cancer"], "year": ["2001"], "fpage": ["32"]}, {"surname": ["Hartmann"], "given-names": ["H"], "article-title": ["Note sur un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 nouveau d'extirpation des cancers de la partie t... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 26 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | World J Surg Oncol. 2008 Aug 23; 6:90 | oa_package/81/fd/PMC2546403.tar.gz |
PMC2546404 | 18783595 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumour of bone, with the exception of multiple myeloma. It represents approximately 15% of all biopsy-analyzed primary bone tumours [##UREF##0##1##,##REF##9389923##2##]. It is most common in males and occurs primarily in the second... | [
"<title>Patients and methods</title>",
"<p>Twenty-nine patients with primary osteosarcoma who were treated at the authors' institution between 1997 and 2006 were included in this study. Fourteen patients were female and fifteen were male. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 27.03 years (range 16–49 years... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>Somatostatin receptors were expressed in four osteosarcoma's that exhibited aggressive features (figure ##FIG##0##1## and ##FIG##1##2##). These four tumours appeared in young patients (table ##TAB##2##3##) with an aggressive biologic behaviour having an event-free rate of 0% and an o... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment protocol of osteosarcoma in the late 70's improved disease-free survival, giving a cure rate of 60%–70% for patients with nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities at presentation [##REF##11118462##23##, ####REF##9789613##24... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In this study we detected somatostatin receptors in human osteosarcomas. This finding seems to have a prognostic value, predicating a severe aggressive biologic behaviour of the tumour as well as possible therapeutic implications.</p>"
] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>MI drafted the manuscript and carried out the design of the study and performed. II carried out the immunohistochemical studies. PJP, IP and SK participated i... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to thank Panou Christina for text editing (email:<email>christinepanou@yahoo.com</email>)</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Osteosarcoma somatostatin negative. Magnification ×400</bold>. This case of an osteosarcoma had no somatostatin receptors. Immunohistochemistry staining with somatostatin did not produce any reaction.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Sex, Age, Location, Surgical Treatment, Outcome and GH receptor status of 29 patients with osteosarcoma.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\"><bold>Sex</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><b... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-99-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1477-7819-6-99-2\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Campanacci"], "given-names": ["M"], "source": ["Bone and soft tissue tumors: clinical features, imaging, pathology and treatment"], "year": ["1999"], "edition": ["2"], "publisher-name": ["Padova: Wein: Springer-Verlag"]}, {"surname": ["Huvos"], "given-names": ["AG"], "source": ["Bone tumors: diagnosis, t... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 30 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | World J Surg Oncol. 2008 Sep 10; 6:99 | oa_package/6e/40/PMC2546404.tar.gz |
PMC2546405 | 18786250 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>The prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a measure of disease burden which is important in evaluating HIV prevention programmes and in designing new preventive strategies. Most estimates of HIV prevalence in developing countries have been based on sentinel surveilla... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Design</title>",
"<p>This study is a cross-sectional, population-based survey that uses data from the 2004 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) [##UREF##3##22##]. Women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) were interviewed about their past and current reproductive histo... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Characteristics of the study population</title>",
"<p>Overall, 4493 sexually active women participated in the survey, giving a response rate of 92.1%. Of this number, 336 (7.5%) were HIV positive. Table ##TAB##0##1## presents the characteristics of the study population by HIV s... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>This study compared fertility rates in HIV-infected and uninfected women of reproductive age using population-based data. Our findings indicate that fertility rates are lower in HIV infected women compared to uninfected women in Cameroon.</p>",
"<p>Our finding of low fertility i... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In conclusion, fertility rates are lower in HIV infected women compared to uninfected sexually active women in Cameroon. The findings of this study support the use of summary RIR for the adjustment of HIV prevalence (among adult female population) obtained from sentinel surveillan... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Conflict of interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>EJ Kongnyuy conceived the study, and analyzed the data, and had primary responsibility for writing this paper. CS Wiysonge assisted in the critical revision... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors are grateful to Measure DHS for providing them with the 2004 Cameroon DHS data.</p>"
] | [] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Distribution of socio-demographic characteristics of Cameroonian women of reproductive age by HIV status</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold><italic>Characteristic</italic></bold></td><t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>CI = confidence interval; RIR = relative inclusion ratio; HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>CI = confidence interval; RIR = relative inclusion ratio; HIV = Human Imm... | [] | [] | [{"collab": ["World Health Organisation"], "source": ["HIV/AIDS Epidemiological surveillance for the WHO African Region 2002"], "year": ["2003"], "publisher-name": ["Harare Zimbabwe, WHO Regional Office for Africa"]}, {"surname": ["Grassly", "Morgan", "Walker", "Garnett", "Stanectki", "Stover"], "given-names": ["NC", "... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 31 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | BMC Public Health. 2008 Sep 11; 8:309 | oa_package/06/7d/PMC2546405.tar.gz |
PMC2546406 | 18786242 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Myocardial damage can be caused by multiple conditions including ischemia, trauma, toxins or inflammation. Cardiac-specific Troponin I (cTnI) is currently the most sensitive and specific marker of myocardial cell damage in the dog [##REF##9704624##1##,##REF##16594583##2##]. Cardia... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<p>This study was approved by the Uppsala County local ethical committee.</p>",
"<title>Dogs</title>",
"<p>Forty-six female dogs diagnosed with pyometra were recruited to the study at the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Dogs with pyometra</title>",
"<p>The median age of the 46 dogs with pyometra at presentation was 8.5 years (IQR 7.5–10) and median body weight 29 kg (IQR 9–32). The group comprised 8 mongrel dogs and 38 dogs of 22 different breeds.</p>",
"<title>Control dogs</title>",
"<p>T... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>In total, 20 out of 46 dogs (43%) with pyometra had increased concentrations of cTnI at some time during the study, which indicates that increased cTnI concentrations are common during the perioperative period in dogs with pyometra. This finding is supported by the results of our ... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Mild to moderate increases in cTnI appears to be common in dogs with pyometra before and after surgery, but the clinical importance of this finding is uncertain. None of the studied clinical variables (including SIRS) were found to reliably predict increased preoperative cTnI conc... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>LP participated in the design of the study and carried out the practical recruitment of cases. She also drafted the manuscript. RH participated in the design ... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors wish to thank the Thure F and Karin Forsberg Foundation for funding our study, the technical staff at the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences for help with the collection of blood samples and Åsa Karlsson at the Section for Clinical Chemistry for help wi... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Scatterplot of postsurgical concentrations of cTnI by percentage band neutrophils in peripheral blood at presentation in 38 dogs (values missing in 8 dogs).</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Median and interquartile ranges (IQR) of preoperative plasma biochemical variables (ALT, ALP, creatinine and glucose concentrations) in the study population of dogs with pyometra.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>The last column indicates if the dog was classified as SIRS-positive (+) or not (-) using the chosen SIRS criteria. Where values for HR and RR are missing they were not noted in the records. Values for Neutrophils and PBN are missing in 8 dogs.</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1751-0147-50-35-1\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Fransson"], "given-names": ["B"], "article-title": ["Systemic Inflammatory Response in Canine Pyometra \u2013 the response to bacterial uterine infection"], "source": ["PhD thesis"], "year": ["2003"], "publisher-name": ["Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Departement of Small Animal Clinical Sc... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 31 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Acta Vet Scand. 2008 Sep 11; 50(1):35 | oa_package/c7/14/PMC2546406.tar.gz |
PMC2546407 | 18718021 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Conjugated linoleic acid isomers are a group of zoochemicals that have a variety of physiological actions and potential health benefits, <italic>e.g</italic>., modulation of inflammation, lean body mass, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Most of the health effects of CLA isomers are ba... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Conjugated linoleic acid</title>",
"<p>A group of <italic>trans</italic>-fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been purported to have diverse physiological functions and potential health benefits [##REF##10683436##1##, ####UREF##0##2##, ##UREF##1##3##, ##UREF##2##4##, ##REF##12468364##5##, ##REF... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>This work was supported in part by USDA/ARS, USDA-IFAFS #52100-9638 and the Nevada Experimental Station, University of Nevada, Reno.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Chemical structures of linoleic acid and isomers of conjugated acid (CLA).</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>Vascular events leading to the development of atherosclerotic lesions. ... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-7075-5-22-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-7075-5-22-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-7075-5-22-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-7075-5-22-4\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Chen", "Tai", "Chen", "Chen"], "given-names": ["JF", "CY", "YC", "BH"], "article-title": ["Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on the degradation and oxidation stability of model lipids during heating and illumination"], "source": ["Food Chemistry"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["72"], "fpage": ["199"], ... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 166 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:42 | Nutr Metab (Lond). 2008 Aug 21; 5:22 | oa_package/82/fe/PMC2546407.tar.gz |
PMC2546409 | 18764948 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Bacterial endosymbionts currently attain a lot of interest, because of their widespread occurrence in arthropod hosts in which they often manipulate reproduction [##REF##16448417##1##,##REF##10547686##2##]. They are predominantly vertically transmitted from mother to offspring, al... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>The model</title>",
"<title>The landscape</title>",
"<p>For our simulation experiments we used an extended version of an individual-based model of insect dispersal in patchy landscapes of 100 habitat patches (<italic>n</italic>) with carrying capacities <italic>K </italic>[##... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>The evolving mean population dispersal probabilities approached equilibrium after less than 2000 generations in all simulation experiments. Similarly, sex ratio, the proportion of infected individuals, and the number of infected populations stabilized after this number of simulation ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Our simulations show that the invasion of male-killing endosymbionts in a host metapopulation affects the evolution of host dispersal rates. The overall infection rates will depend on the prevailing environmental stochasticity and dispersal mortality. Under conditions supportive f... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>The invasion of male killer endosymbionts is responsible for the evolution towards higher dispersal rates in their host. The resulting sex-specific dispersal rates in host metapopulations that are invaded by male-killing endosymbionts strongly determine the level of infection rate... | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Male killing endosymbionts manipulate their arthropod host reproduction by only allowing female embryos to develop into infected females and killing all male offspring. Because of the reproductive manipulation, we expect them to have an effect on the evolution of host dispersal ra... | [
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>The work presented here was carried out in collaboration between all authors. DB conceptualized the research questions, implemented the model, analyzed the data, interpreted the results and wrote the paper. TH and HJP designed an earlier version of the model, discussed... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>DB is a postdoctoral fellow at the Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders (FWO), from which he received a mobility grant for a long-term stay at Würzburg University. HJP and TH are partially supported by a grant from the \"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft\" (DFG PO233/3) and... | [
"<fig id=\"F1\" position=\"float\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Dispersal rates of males and females</bold>. Contour plot of average host emigration probability (males, A; females, B) in the metapopulation under infected (no extinction of host and/or endosymbiont) and uninfected conditions(males, C; fem... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"T1\" position=\"float\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Parameters of the model</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><th align=\"left\">Parameter</th><th align=\"left\">Description</th><th align=\"left\">Ranges tested</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\" col... | [
"<disp-formula id=\"bmcM1\"><label>(1)</label><mml:math id=\"M1\" name=\"1471-2148-8-243-i1\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:semantics><mml:mtable columnalign=\"left\"><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:m... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-243-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-243-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-243-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-243-4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2148-8-243-5\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Perlman", "Hunter", "Zchori-Fein"], "given-names": ["SJ", "MS", "E"], "article-title": ["The emerging diversity of "], "italic": ["Rickettsia"], "source": ["Proc R Soc B"], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["273"], "fpage": ["2097"], "lpage": ["2106"], "pub-id": ["10.1098/rspb.2006.3541"]}, {"surname": ["Hurs... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 54 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 17:11:36 | BMC Evol Biol. 2008 Sep 2; 8:243 | oa_package/27/39/PMC2546409.tar.gz |
PMC2546410 | 18713454 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Mitochondria long have been recognized for their role as powerhouse of the cell. Interest in mitochondria was greatly rekindled upon recognition of their central role in regulation of cell death. Many death stimuli converge on these organelles to cause release of apoptogenic facto... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Review</title>",
"<p>During times of peace cells are dependent on a balanced crosstalk with their surrounding environment. Survival and proper functioning not only require physical contact with their neighbors, but also depend on a plethora of soluble factors such as hormones or growth factors. The full s... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors acknowledge the excellent secretarial assistance provided by Ruth Baldauf in the preparation of the manuscript. Financial support for this work has been provided over the last years by DFG, FWF, MFF (Medizinischer Forschungsfonds Tirol), the TWF (Tiroler Wissensc... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Mitochondrial rheostat of cell survival control</bold>. Key players in the regulation of mitochondrial function are depicted under four different states. Intracellular signaling is represented by bold arrows, filled light grey for survival ... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1478-811X-6-4-1\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 92 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | Cell Commun Signal. 2008 Aug 19; 6:4 | oa_package/cd/01/PMC2546410.tar.gz |
PMC2546411 | 18759985 | [
"<title>1. Background</title>",
"<p>The basic mechanism underlying the functioning of DNA microarrays is that of hybridization. Hybridization is defined as the binding between complementary single-stranded nucleic acids. In the case of microarrays one strand is anchored at the surface and the second one is dissol... | [] | [] | [] | [
"<title>4. Summary and Conclusion</title>",
"<p>The improvement of microarray calibration methods in combination with the development of meaningful quality standards is an essential prerequisite for obtaining absolute expression estimates which in turn are required for the quantitative analysis of transcriptional... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>2. Calibration model for microarray data</title>",
"<title>The competitive two-species Langmuir model of microarray hybridization</title>",
"<p>We emphasize on Affymetrix GeneChip microarray data obtained after the chips have been hybridized, scanned and the images have been summarized into hundred-thou... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>HB thanks Conrad Burden from Australian National University in Canberra for useful discussions and advice. The work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under grant no. BIZ 6/4. SP thanks the International Max Planck Research School for Molecular Cell Biology... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>PM- and MM-probe intensities (part a), their log-difference (part b) and -sum (part c) as a function of the specific target concentration (S/N-ratio). The curves are calculated using the Langmuir-model (Eq. (1)). The difference-plot reveals the h... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Notations</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Superscripts</bold></td><td align=\"left\">Assigns main symbols to...</td></tr><tr><td align=\"left\">P = PM, MM</td><td align=\"left\">Prob... | [
"<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\" name=\"1748-7188-3-12-i1\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>I</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>p</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>P</mml:mtext></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:semantics></mml:math></inline-formula>",
... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1748-7188-3-12-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1748-7188-3-12-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1748-7188-3-12-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1748-7188-3-12-4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1748-7188-3-12-5\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1748-7188-3-12-6\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1748-... | [] | [{"surname": ["Binder"], "given-names": ["H"], "article-title": ["Thermodynamics of competitive surface adsorption on DNA microarrays \u2013 theoretical aspects"], "source": ["J Phys Cond Mat"], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["18"], "fpage": ["S491"], "lpage": ["S523"]}, {"collab": ["Affymetrix"], "article-title": ["Affy... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 35 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | Algorithms Mol Biol. 2008 Aug 29; 3:12 | oa_package/05/66/PMC2546411.tar.gz |
PMC2546412 | 18681970 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>There is currently a severe shortage of experienced nurses in Australia, as in many other developed countries. This is considered to be the result of both decreasing enrolments in nursing education, and poor retention rates of those in the nursing workforce. Retention rates are ge... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Data</title>",
"<p>All working nurses in NSW must be registered with the NSW Nurses Registration Board. We begin by using aggregate figures based on this information and published by NSW Health. These data allow us to construct a consistent data series on the size of the nursin... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>General trends in the nursing workforce</title>",
"<p>Figure ##FIG##0##1## presents trends in the employment of nurses in total and RNs only in NSW from 1986 to 2000. For comparison, the trend in total female employment in the State is also plotted. Figure ##FIG##0##1## shows t... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The profile of the NSW nursing workforce shows a substantial increase during the late 80s followed by a small trend upward in the 90s. The slow growth in the overall nursing workforce over the 90s can originate from a reduction in entry into nursing, a reduction in retention of nu... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In this article, we investigate trends in the NSW nursing workforce over the the period 1993–2000 using administrative data collected by the NSW Nursing Registration Board and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The dataset is longitudinal in that nurses can be linked ... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>DD and GJ designed the study and carried out the analyses. JH contributed to the conceptualisation and study design. All authors contributed to the developmen... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>This research was supported by NHMRC Program Grant 245202 and the NSW Department of Health. The project was made possible by the NSW Nurses Registration Board and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare who provided us with the data. We are especially indebted to Kath... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Trends in Total Female Employment and Nursing, NSW(1990 = 100)</bold>. Source: Profile of the Nursing Workforce, NSW Department of Health, various issues.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><ca... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Average age and proportion of nurses in young age groups</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"4\"><bold>Total working nurses</bold></td><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"4\"><bold... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Notes: The samples exclude nurses who do not report their age; this group forms less than 5% of the sample.</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Notes: Observations with missing premises are excluded. RNs working as enrolled nurses are included in the enrolled. Nursing homes include h... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-8462-5-19-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-8462-5-19-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-8462-5-19-3\"/>"
] | [] | [{"collab": ["Senate Community Affairs References Committee"], "source": ["The patient profession, time for action report on the inquiry into nursing"], "year": ["2006"], "publisher-name": ["Canberra, Aust"]}, {"collab": ["Australian Institute of Health and Welfare"], "source": ["Nursing labour force 2002 National heal... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 21 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | Aust New Zealand Health Policy. 2008 Aug 5; 5:19 | oa_package/de/4d/PMC2546412.tar.gz |
PMC2546413 | 18783609 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Metformin-induced hemolytic anemia has been reported in three patients, all of whom recovered when metformin was discontinued [##REF##9725923##1##, ####REF##10644400##2##, ##REF##12610074##3####12610074##3##]. We report the case of a patient with fulminant and fatal hemolysis th... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The temporal relationship with metformin ingestion is strong in this case, with the patient noting symptoms within hours of the initiation of metformin. The 4-day course was rapid and fatal, characterized by massive hemolysis and shock. In the three previously reported cases of me... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>This patient developed fulminant and fatal Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia that was temporally related to the initiation of metformin treatment, in the absence of any other likely cause. The Naranjo probability score is 3 ('possible') for a metformin drug reaction, but in view of... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 56-year-old Caucasian man with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura status post splenectomy in 1979, and remote testicular cancer status post orchiectomy and radiation therapy in the 1970s was admitted with 2 days of progressive fa... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors wish to thank Dr Suja Subramanyan for her help in procuring and interpreting the blood bank serology data of this patient.</p>"
] | [] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Laboratory test results</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">Variable</td><td align=\"left\">11/21/2006</td><td align=\"left\">11/20/2006</td><td align=\"left\">11/16/2006</td><td align=\"left\... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [{"surname": ["Kaplan", "Garratty"], "given-names": ["HS", "G"], "article-title": ["The predictive value of the direct antiglobulin test"], "source": ["Diagnostic Medicine"], "year": ["1985"], "volume": ["8"], "fpage": ["29"], "lpage": ["33"]}, {"surname": ["Quinley"], "given-names": ["ED"], "article-title": ["Mechanis... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 12 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | J Med Case Reports. 2008 Sep 10; 2:300 | oa_package/d5/f2/PMC2546413.tar.gz |
PMC2546414 | 18782436 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Testicular germ cell tumor metastasis to the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract is uncommon (<5%), and its likelihood is related to the histologic type of the primary neoplasm [##REF##11824886##1##]. Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors are much more likely to spread to the gastr... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Involvement of the GI tract by metastatic seminoma is rare. When metastatic, only 5% of testicular germ cell tumors involve the bowel, and seminoma is the least commonly reported type of testicular neoplasm to do so [##REF##11824886##1##]. In an autopsy study by Johnson <italic>et... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Although modern chemotherapeutic regimens have high success rates in the treatment of metastatic seminoma, some authors have proposed that patients with intestinal metastasis belong to a high-risk group [##UREF##0##3##,##REF##16184443##7##]. Early intervention with surgical resect... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 45-year-old man presented with acute respiratory failure, hypotension, rigid abdomen, and a hard, erythematous, and tender 14 cm right inguinoscrotal mass. Initial differential diagnoses included incarcerated hernia and testicular cancer. Further information regarding the... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Hematoxylin and eosin stain of retroperitoneal mass biopsy consistent with classic seminoma. Magnification ×40.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Computed tomography scan demonstrating e... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-294-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-294-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-294-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-294-4\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Chait", "Kurtz", "Hajdu"], "given-names": ["M", "RC", "SI"], "article-title": ["Gastrointestinal tract metastases in patients with germ cell tumor of the testis"], "source": ["Dig Dis"], "year": ["1978"], "volume": ["23"], "fpage": ["925"], "lpage": ["928"], "pub-id": ["10.1007/BF01072468"]}] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 7 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | J Med Case Reports. 2008 Sep 9; 2:294 | oa_package/78/59/PMC2546414.tar.gz |
PMC2546415 | 18782435 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Small round or oval objects that enter the stomach nearly always pass uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract without requiring intervention. The retention of foreign objects within the duodenum is suggestive of partial obstruction, usually of congenital origin [##REF##1... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Retention of elongated or pointed objects in the duodenum is a frequent problem. Long, sharp objects may perforate the duodenum and have been known to migrate widely in the abdomen. Early removal of such objects has been advised [##REF##11132474##4##,##REF##12024131##5##]. In addi... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>The present case is reported to highlight the fact that retention or non-passage of a radio-opaque foreign body in a child should alert the treating doctors to the possibility of an obstructive congenital anomaly.</p>"
] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 32-month-old boy presented with a history of intermittent vomiting over the previous 15 months. The vomitus was generally non-bilious but occasionally bilious. The parents also noticed intermittent distension of his abdomen which subsided after vomiting. The symptoms seem... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Plain radiograph of the abdomen showing the metallic foreign body in the right lower quadrant, the presence of a 'double bubble sign', and a few dilated loops of small bowel in the left upper quadrant.</p></caption></fig>"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-293-1\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 14 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | J Med Case Reports. 2008 Sep 9; 2:293 | oa_package/b0/f6/PMC2546415.tar.gz |
PMC2546416 | 18775083 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia and its prevalence increases with age. It is usually associated with underlying heart disease, of almost any cause, complicated by heart failure and atrial enlargement. Most common underlying disorders are hypertensive heart diseas... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>To our knowledge, AF in association with EC was not reported previously except as a complication of esophagectomy and photodynamic therapy. In our case, direct mechanical compression of the left atrium by EC may have precipitated AF. On the other hand, AF might be related to the p... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Esophageal cancer may precipitate AF by mechanical compression of the left atrium or pulmonary veins, triggering ectopic beats in susceptible patients. The proximity of the esophagus to the heart may be overlooked by physicians, but may have an important role in the pathogenesis o... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 58-year-old black man from the Caribbean was referred by his primary care physician for evaluation of dysphagia and weight loss. He reported a 2-month history of progressively worsening dysphagia with solids only and weight loss of 10 kg over a period of 2 months. He deni... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Electrocardiogram showing atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Computed tomography of the chest demonstrating esophageal thickening (compoun... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-292-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-292-2\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 11 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | J Med Case Reports. 2008 Sep 8; 2:292 | oa_package/7b/37/PMC2546416.tar.gz |
PMC2546417 | 18759973 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>In South Africa, adolescents are extremely vulnerable to HIV infection. Worldwide, about half of all new HIV infections among adults occur in people under the age of 25 [##UREF##0##1##]. Each day, 7000 people between the ages of 15 and 24 are infected with HIV worldwide, resulting... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p>We undertook a study of attitudes to HIV vaccine trial participation among high school students in Soweto from August 2005 to February 2006. This study was approved by the University of the Witwatersrand Human Research Ethics Committee (protocol number MO50101). Approval was also pro... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>277 school-going youth (mean age 16.2 years; range 10 – 25; 53.1% female) provided assent or consent to participate, and if under 18, we also obtained written consent from a parent. The response rate to the survey is not known. Not all data fields were adequately responded to, result... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Sexual debut in Soweto was perceived to be very early, exposing adolescents to HIV. Ten percent of the participants in this study reported having previously testing for HIV. This figure perhaps reflects the difficulties in accessing HIV testing for Soweto youth. Comparative figure... | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>",
"<title>Background</title>",
... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>GdB designed the study, analyzed the data, and drafted the manuscript. NS designed the study, carried out the field work, and helped draft the manuscript. GR ... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors acknowledge the PHRU for funding; the Gauteng Department of Education for providing permission to work with schools; the principals and teachers, parents, and students of participating schools; and our adolescent community advisory board for ongoing informative d... | [] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Questions Exploring Perceptions And Attitudes To Adolescent Sexuality And HIV Testing</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"left\">n (%)</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">I have teste... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional File 1</title><p>Adolescent questionnaire v1 29 Dec 2004.pdf. Self-administered questionnaire utilized in this research.</p></caption></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>*Values may not add up to total number of participants as some fields had missing data.</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-76-S1.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"collab": ["UNAIDS"], "source": ["AIDS epidemic update: December 2005"], "year": ["2005"], "publisher-name": ["Geneva , UNAIDS/WHO"]}, {"surname": ["Jaspan", "Bekker", "Grant", "Slack"], "given-names": ["HB", "LG", "CJ", "C"], "article-title": ["Protecting South Africa's children: giving them our best shot"], "source... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 18 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | BMC Res Notes. 2008 Aug 29; 1:76 | oa_package/5a/6e/PMC2546417.tar.gz |
PMC2546418 | 18721470 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>MIER1 is a newly described transcriptional regulator that functions in anterioposterior patterning in the <italic>Xenopus </italic>embryo [##REF##12927772##1##] and as an inhibitor of anchorage-independent growth of breast carcinoma cells [##REF##18665173##2##]. Two major protein ... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p>The GST fusion and myc-tagged hmi-er1β (GenBank: <ext-link ext-link-type=\"gen\" xlink:href=\"NM_001077701\">NM_001077701</ext-link>) sequences were constructed using pGEX-4T-1 and pCS3+MT plasmids, respectively and their production has been described elsewhere [##REF##15117948##7##,... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<title>The N-terminal half of MIER1 interacts with the C-terminal half of CBP</title>",
"<p>We investigated a possible interaction between MIER1β and CBP, using pull-down assays. <sup>35</sup>S-labelled flag-tagged CBP constructs (Figure ##FIG##0##1A##), synthesized <it... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<title>The N-terminal half of MIER1 interacts with the C-terminal half of CBP</title>",
"<p>We investigated a possible interaction between MIER1β and CBP, using pull-down assays. <sup>35</sup>S-labelled flag-tagged CBP constructs (Figure ##FIG##0##1A##), synthesized <it... | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>",
"<title>Background</title>",
... | [
"<title>Abbreviations</title>",
"<p>CBP: Creb-binding protein; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HAT: histone acetyltransferase; H4: histone 4.</p>",
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>TMB pe... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>This work was supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research to LLG and GDP. The authors thank Krista Butt for her expert technical assistance.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>MIER1 interacts with CBP</bold>. (A) Schematic illustrating the CBP protein sequence and its domains: NR = nuclear receptor interaction domain, C/H1 and C/H3 = cysteine/histidine rich regions, KIX = kinase-induced interacting domain, Br = b... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-68-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-68-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-68-3\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 12 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | BMC Res Notes. 2008 Aug 22; 1:68 | oa_package/ba/49/PMC2546418.tar.gz |
PMC2546419 | 18755033 | [] | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Acquisition of blood samples</title>",
"<p>The study was carried out according to the regulations of the local ethics committee and Austrian Law. After having obtained informed consent, peripheral blood samples were drawn from patients with newly diagnosed, locally advanced rec... | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Recently, CEC and CEP have been suggested as surrogate markers for angiogenesis and response to antiangiogenic therapy in cancer [##REF##16543470##10##]. Flow cytometric rare event analysis, currently the most commonly applied method for CEC/CEP assessment, is technically demandin... | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>",
"<title>Background</title>",
... | [
"<title>Findings</title>",
"<title>CEC a heterogenous and rare cell type of the peripheral blood</title>",
"<p>CEC have been shown to contribute significantly to angiogenesis in ischemia, inflammation, wound healing and tumor progression [##REF##15711737##1##]. In cancer patients CEC measurement in peripheral b... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>This work was supported by the Fellinger Krebsforschungsverein (MS) and the Austrian Science Fund NFN-92 (GU, EG). The funding bodies had no role in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing and submission of the manuscript.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Hypothetical model of the origin and immunophenotypic characteristics of distinct subpopulations of circulating endothelial cells in peripheral blood</bold>. Pluripotent stem cells reside in the stem cell niche of the bone marrow and can gi... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Patient characteristics</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">Parameters</td><td align=\"center\"><bold>No. of patients</bold></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">Rectal cancer patien... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-71-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-71-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-71-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-71-4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-71-5\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 15 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | BMC Res Notes. 2008 Aug 28; 1:71 | oa_package/9e/ff/PMC2546419.tar.gz |
PMC2546420 | 18755043 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Transient Ischemic attacks (TIA) represent an opportunity to prevent strokes. Although the risk factors, evaluation and secondary prevention of TIA and stroke are comparable, TIA is conventionally considered a less urgent manifestation and therefore receives leisurely intervention... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study Design</title>",
"<p>A retrospective chart review was conducted for inpatients who were admitted and diagnosed with TIA between January 2003 and December 2005 at the Aga Khan University (AKU), a teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Patients who were admitted and diagno... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>Among 158 patients, 57.6% were male and 41.1% were female. The mean age of the patients was 60.23 ± 13.14 but the median age was 60, and the mode of the data for age was 58. The most common presenting symptom was motor impairment followed by speech difficulty. Table ##TAB##0##1## dep... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The high risk of stroke after a transient ischemic attack supports an approach involving rapid evaluation and initiation of treatment. Consensus guidelines on the management of TIA have been promulgated by the American Heart Association AHA and the National Stroke Association [##R... | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>",
"<title>Background</title>",
... | [
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>AK conceived, designed the study and monitored its data quality, wrote manuscript and was involved in all stages of the study. FK, RR, SB, SJ collected data, drafted the manuscript and performed analysis. SZ assisted in formulating the final manuscript and performed ex... | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Presenting symptoms of the patient cohort</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Presenting symptoms</bold></td><td align=\"left\"><bold>Frequency(%)</bold></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td ... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [{"collab": ["World Health Organization"], "source": ["Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation"], "year": ["2000"], "volume": ["xii"], "publisher-name": ["Geneva: World Health Organization"], "fpage": ["253"]}, {"collab": ["The SPARCL Investigators"], "article-title": ["Design... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 32 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | BMC Res Notes. 2008 Aug 29; 1:73 | oa_package/3c/b9/PMC2546420.tar.gz |
PMC2546421 | 18710490 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Treatment of chronic sinusitis is a well-established procedure in traditional Chinese acupuncture, and acupuncture is commonly used to relieve sinusitis and nasal symptoms [##REF##10865572##1##, ####REF##11713120##2##, ##REF##16686397##3####16686397##3##]. The symptoms of chronic ... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Subjects, study design and interventions</title>",
"<p>We included patients >17 years of age with sinusitis symptoms for >3 months and sinus swelling, fluid retention, or opacification on CT after screening >500 patients with sinusitis. We excluded patients if they wer... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>The intervention groups were reasonably balanced (Table ##TAB##0##1##). On baseline sinus CT, three patients in the conventional medicine group had opacification, six in the sham group, and eight in the TCA group. Only two patients in the TCA group had baseline fluid retention.</p>",... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>In this study of patients with CT-verified chronic sinusitis, there was a small improvement on the CSS sinusitis symptom scale in all three groups over 12 weeks. The improvement was largest for conventional treatment, however statistically not significantly different from the chan... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>We conclude that in this single blind randomized trial, there was no clear evidence of short-term improvement of one treatment over another. However, there was a non-significant advantage of conventional therapy, but this should be reassessed in a larger trial and with less restri... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>",
"<title>Background</title>",
... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>KS, ER and PGL participated in the study design and prepared the protocol. ER organized the data collection and was one of the acupuncturists. KS and PGL clea... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Thanks to Oddveig Birkeflet and Lars-Erik Søholt for their important contribution to data collection and to Gunvor Ruus and Gaute Mehl for assistance during the study.</p>"
] | [] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Patient baseline characteristics and HRQoL scores according to allocation group, mean (SD)</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\"><bold>Acupuncture</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><bold>Sh... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>1 </sup>0 (maximal) to 100 (minimal symptoms/medication use) scale, <sup>2 </sup>0 (lowest) to-100 (highest level of functioning) scale</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Change = last value-first value; a negative change score represents reductions in symptoms; * omitted becau... | [] | [] | [{"surname": ["Xinnong"], "given-names": ["C"], "source": ["Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion"], "year": ["1987"], "publisher-name": ["Beijing: Foreign Languages Press"]}, {"surname": ["Ware", "Snow", "Gandek"], "given-names": ["JE", "KK", "B"], "suffix": ["Jr"], "source": ["SF-36 health survey Manual and interpretat... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 23 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | BMC Res Notes. 2008 Jun 27; 1:37 | oa_package/c2/2b/PMC2546421.tar.gz |
PMC2546422 | 18710525 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are multi-cellular marine organisms that grow along temperate, tropical and polar coasts. Many of them are subject to frequent changes in their local environment, because they are uncovered at low tide, and are hence exposed to desiccation, and to variat... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Culture conditions and treatments</title>",
"<p><italic>E. siliculosus </italic>(Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) unialgal strain 32 (CCAP accession 1310/4, origin san Juna de Marcona, Peru) was cultivated in 10 L plastic flasks in a culture room at 14°C using filtered and autoclave... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Treatments applied to <italic>E. siliculosus </italic>and choice of housekeeping genes</title>",
"<p>Several different stresses were tested in this study. Chemical agents tested included H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, a reactive oxygen species produced by many organisms, including... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>In this study, the three methods used to identify the best normalisation genes were concordant, as previously reported in other studies [##REF##18226276##10##]. Comparison of the three methods indicates that <italic>EF1a </italic>is the most reliable gene to normalise gene express... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p><italic>E. siliculosus </italic>is recognised as the genomic and genetic model of brown macroalgae [##UREF##0##1##,##REF##18181960##2##]. As the genome sequence is currently in the phase of expert annotation, the community interested in <italic>E. siliculosus </italic>is likely to... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Abbreviations</title>",
"<p>13-HOTrE: 13-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid; 15(S)-HEPE: 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid; ACT: actin; ARP2: actin-related protein 2/3; ASW: artificial sea water; CYC: cyclophilin; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide Dyn: dynein; EF1a: translation elongation factor alpha; G6PD: glucose 6-pho... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank Julia Morales (Station Biologique de Roscoff) for her help concerning the identification of the IF2A and EFI4 genes, and Bernard Billoud (Atelier de Bioinformatique de l'Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris-6) for his assistance with statistical analyses. ALB and ... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Expression level of 13 housekeeping genes</bold>. A: The range of the expression level of the 13 genes over the 21 culture conditions is expressed in Ct values. The black diamond represents the arithmetic mean. B: Variations observed in the... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Culture conditions and duration. </p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">Type of treatment</td><td align=\"left\">Final concentration</td><td align=\"left\">Duration</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>One-way ANOVA test for the significance of the biological triplicate averaging. An ANOVA was performed on the three biological replicates of all the data, with the groups corresponding to the different treatme... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Treatments were applied under light (see Material and Methods for details). ASW: artificial sea water; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; 13-HOTrE: 13-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid; 15(S)-HEPE: 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid.</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>The identity of the sequences (... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2199-9-75-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2199-9-75-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2199-9-75-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2199-9-75-4\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"1471-2199-9-75-S1.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"1471-2199-9-75-S2.xls\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"vnd.ms-excel\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media x... | [{"surname": ["Peters", "Marie", "Scornet", "Kloareg", "Cock"], "given-names": ["AF", "D", "D", "B", "JM"], "article-title": ["Proposal of "], "italic": ["Ectocarpus siliculosus "], "source": ["J Phycol"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["50"], "fpage": ["1079"], "lpage": ["1088"], "pub-id": ["10.1111/j.1529-8817.2004.040... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 34 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | BMC Mol Biol. 2008 Aug 18; 9:75 | oa_package/c6/ab/PMC2546422.tar.gz |
PMC2546423 | 18702834 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Recent statistics by UNAIDS suggest that 2.5 million (Range: 1.8–4.1 million) people were newly infected with HIV in 2007. About 15.4 million (Range: 13.9–16.6 million) women were living with HIV [##UREF##0##1##]. The disproportionately higher number of infections among women requ... | [
"<title>Methodological issues in the design and implementation of clinical trials</title>",
"<p>Doug Taylor gave a very informative talk on statistical power. He expressed the challenges we face in assessing trial outcomes on factors that impact on power. There are several factors that contribute to the power of ... | [
"<title>Managing stakeholder expectations of trial results</title>",
"<p>Presentations in these sessions emphasized the importance of preparing for communications and unexpected results and the need to understand how to frame data to meet the needs of different audiences including advocates, policy makers, provid... | [
"<title>Special cross track sessions: Key-note addresses, symposia and panel discussions</title>",
"<p>Within track B three symposia were organized on \"Rectal Microbicides\", \"Moving Microbicides into susceptible populations\" (discussed under track D) and \"Microbicides and HIV positive women\" (discussed unde... | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Summary</title>",
"<p>The Microbicides 2008 Conference in New Delhi was a resounding success. Despite the recent set backs in the HIV prevention field, with many products showing lack of effectiveness in preventing HIV, the scientists at the conference showed progress in the field of basic science. Valuab... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We would like to acknowledge the enormous time, effort and dedication of the conference chairs Nomita Chandhiok, Badri Saxena and Gita Ramjee for co-chairing this conference, the conference track chairs for track A: Gustavo Doncel, Robin Shattock and CP Puri, track B: Sanjay... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [{"collab": ["UNAIDS Press Release"], "article-title": ["Global HIV prevalence has levelled off; AIDS is among the leading causes of death globally and remains the primary cause of death in Africa"], "source": ["Geneva, Switzerland"], "comment": ["20 November 2007"]}, {"collab": ["FHI"], "article-title": ["Joint statem... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 68 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | AIDS Res Ther. 2008 Aug 15; 5:19 | oa_package/18/c1/PMC2546423.tar.gz |
PMC2546424 | 18783589 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Gastrointestinal cancer, including cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum and liver etc, is a major medical and economic burden worldwide. Although the incidence and mortality of gastrointestinal cancer has been gradually decreasing for decades, some co... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study subjects</title>",
"<p>This population-base case-control study included 296 gastrointestinal cancer patients and 448 healthy controls, and the details of the study population had been described previously[##REF##16724991##12##,##REF##17603900##13##]. In brief, the registr... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>The demographic characteristics and personal habits of the study subjects were summarized in Table ##TAB##0##1##. There was no significant difference in gender, age, family history of cancer, smoking and drinking status among colon cancers, rectal cancers and healthy controls. Otherw... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>A multi-factorial model of human carcinogenesis is currently accepted, according to which different dietary and non-dietary factors, including genetic susceptibility, are involved at different stages in the cancer process[##REF##12589864##15##]. <italic>RAS </italic>gene, serving ... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In summary, this study provides the evidences that the polymorphism of <italic>H-RAS </italic>T81C may be a risk factor for the development of gastric cancer in a Chinese population. Because this is the first study to report the significant association between <italic>H-RAS </ital... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>YZ participated in the design of the study, SNP genotyping, and drafted the manuscript. MJ, BL participated in SNP genotyping and performed the statistical an... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>This study was supported by the grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 30471492) and Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation (ZJNSF R205319).</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Meta-analysis of H-RAS T81C polymorphism for all cancers.</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Distribution of selected characteristics in the study subjects</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"4\"><bold>Cases</bold><break/><bold>No.(%)</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><bold>*</bold>OR adjusted for age, gender, family history, status of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2407-8-256-1\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 31 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | BMC Cancer. 2008 Sep 10; 8:256 | oa_package/fe/cf/PMC2546424.tar.gz |
PMC2546425 | 18673580 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>The functional role of DNA methylation includes maintaining the stability of chromosomes, silencing repetitive sequences, arresting the deleterious effects of integrated foreign DNA and controlling gene expression [##REF##16136652##1##]. Genome-wide loss of the methyl group at 5-m... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Measurement of Global DNA Methylation</title>",
"<p>To quantitate the amount of DNA methylation in any genome 100 ng of a sample was aliquoted nine times into a 96 well white Microfluor 2 plate (Thermo Electron, Waltham, MA). The genomic DNA in the first three wells was digeste... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Design of CpGlobal</title>",
"<p><italic>CpG</italic>lobal was designed to incorporate several key features: easy to use, did not require radioactivity or PCR, functioned in a 96-well microtiter plate and utilized equipment that most laboratories possessed. The design was adapt... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>To actively study the role of global DNA methylation in the context of disease requires complex and expensive equipment and skill sets that compliment the technology. We have designed and developed a technique, <italic>CpG</italic>lobal, which is easy-to-use, cost-effective and us... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p><italic>CpG</italic>lobal is an easy-to-use technique to study the biological role of global DNA methylation in the cell. The technique can be used in almost any practical laboratory without the need for expensive equipment or highly specialized skill sets. In addition, <italic>Cp... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Abbreviations</title>",
"<p>GDMI: global DNA methylation index; HPCE: high performance capillary electrophoresis; NSCLC: Non small cell lung cancer.</p>",
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors AA, HH, HW, SM and RGDM are co-inventors on a patent entitled \"Diagnosing Diseases by Detect... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors dedicate this publication to Dr. Paul B. Wolfe, Program Director for the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, for his support, encouragement and enthusiasm toward the research presented in this paper.</p>",
"<p>All the authors and the research descri... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Schematic showing design of <italic>CpG</italic>lobal.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>Assessment of <italic>CpG</italic>lobal using human genomic DNA isolated from whole blood</... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Linear regression analysis to determine which methyl-sensitive restriction enzymes were effective in <italic>CpG</italic>lobal.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\"><bold>Enzyme</bold></td><t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Theoretical regression formulas were calculated based on the number of recognition sites in lambda DNA for each of the methyl-sensitive restriction enzymes-AciI: 516, BstUI: 157, HinP1I: 215, HpaII and the isoschizomer MspI: 328, and HpyCH4IV: 143. The Actual regression formulae were calculated... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2407-8-222-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2407-8-222-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2407-8-222-3\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 27 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | BMC Cancer. 2008 Aug 3; 8:222 | oa_package/07/dd/PMC2546425.tar.gz |
PMC2546426 | 18721466 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women in developing countries. According to the WHO, the age-adjusted incidence rate of ICC in Brazil is 23.4 per 100,000 women [##UREF##0##1##], making it the second most common cancer in Brazi... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Samples</title>",
"<p>The 107 HPV-16 positive cases and 257 controls included in the present study were selected from an epidemiological study of ICC and HPV infection previously conducted in Brazil, whose details have been presented elsewhere [##REF##7658069##29##,##REF##11097... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>HPV-16 variants from E, AA, Af-1 and Af-2 branches were identified in 107 cases out of 112 HPV-16 positive ICC cases, because five samples were not included in variant analysis due to PCR failure or disagreement between variant identity in E6 and L1 genes. Although we detected 36 HPV... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>In this report we analyzed the interplay between HPV-16 variants and <italic>HLA-DQA1, DQB1 </italic>and <italic>DRB1 </italic>variability on the susceptibility to ICC in Brazilian women. We found similar frequencies of European (prototype) and AA HPV-16 variants in our group of c... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Taken together our data suggest that HPV-16 variability influences the association between HLA polymorphism and ICC risk. Studies to elucidate its influence in immune responses to HPV, and its role in viral clearance or progression of HPV-related diseases are warranted.</p>"
] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Abbreviations</title>",
"<p>CI: confidence intervals; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; HPV: human papillomavirus; OR: odds ratio; ICC: invasive cervical carcinoma; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; E: European variants of HPV-16; AA: Asian-American variants of HPV-16; Af-2: African-2 variants of HPV-16.</p>",
... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank Drs J Simões, M Farias, C Seixas, L Araujo, I Arruda, P Honorato and F Honorato (Hospital Napoleão Laureano, João Pessoa, Brazil) for subject accrual and A Silva for specimens collection of asymptomatic women and conducting the interviews; MC Costa e AV Novello Neto... | [] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Distribution of HPV-16 variants in cervical biopsies from HPV-16 positive ICC cases</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">Branch</td><td align=\"left\">Variants</td><td align=\"center\" colspan=... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>a) -: Residue identical to the E-P;</p><p>b) Percentages are shown only for variant branches and for the most common variant groups;</p><p>c) The total number of HPV-16 variants exceeds 107 because we included cases with infection by more than one variant;</p><p>d) Co-infections with other type... | [] | [] | [{"surname": ["Ferlay", "Bray", "Pisani", "Parkin"], "given-names": ["J", "F", "P", "DM"], "article-title": ["GLOBOCAN 2002: Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide"], "source": ["IARC CancerBase No 5 version 20"], "year": ["2004"], "publisher-name": ["IARC Press, Lyon"]}, {"surname": ["Ting", "Manos", "In... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 53 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | BMC Cancer. 2008 Aug 22; 8:246 | oa_package/55/ab/PMC2546426.tar.gz |
PMC2546427 | 18724871 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p><italic>Anopheles gambiae </italic>sensu stricto (s.s.) is the most important vector of human malaria in Africa, causing 90% of the fatalcases worldwide [##REF##15331814##1##]. It is believed that the differentiation of this very synanthropic and anthropophilic species within the ... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title><italic>Anopheles gambiae </italic>samples</title>",
"<p>The study was carried out on <italic>A. gambiae </italic>s.s. M- and S-form adults collected between 1998 and 2006 in 11 African Countries (Figure ##FIG##0##1##, Table ##TAB##0##1##). Ten specimens of other ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Structural features and chromosomal density of <italic>SINE200 </italic>in the <italic>A. gambiae </italic>genome</title>",
"<p><italic>SINE200 </italic>is a previously discovered <italic>SINE </italic>family of the <italic>A. gambiae </italic>genome [##REF##12364791##35##]. He... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The analysis of the consensus sequence of <italic>SINE200 </italic>indicates that it is a typical tRNA-related SINE element. In fact, it has a tRNA-related region at the 5' end with the A and B boxes found in polymerase III promoters. It also has a variable number of the AAG tande... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>The approach utilized opens new perspectives in the studies of <italic>A. gambiae </italic>molecular forms. Further analyses on <italic>SINE200 </italic>loci mapping in different areas of <italic>A. gambiae </italic>genome are ongoing based on preliminary selection by a genome-wid... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>FS and EM carried out the molecular processing, participated in the analysis and interpretation of data, and in the drafting of the manuscript; YQ contributed... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We are grateful to all scientists and entomology teams who provided samples utilized in this study; we especially thank K. Adasi, M. Akogbeto, T. Baldet, G. Carrara, C. Costantini, P.J. Cani, C. Curtis, I. Dia, J. Dossou-yovo, N. Elissa, F. Fortes, A. Mendjibe, YT. Touré, W.... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Insertion frequencies at <italic>S200 </italic>2R12D locus in <italic>Anopheles gambiae </italic>M-form and S-form samples</bold>. Numbers below the pie-charts refer to the sampling sites as listed in Table 1.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig ... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Insertion polymorphisms at loci <italic>S200 </italic>X6.1 and <italic>S200 </italic>2R12D in <italic>Anopheles gambiae </italic>molecular forms. </p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"left\"><bol... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Sampling sites, number of specimens of <italic>A. gambiae </italic>molecular form analysed (N), heterozygosity (H) and allele frequency (AF). Sampling sites are listed from west to east and numbered as in Figure 1 (for information on the samples and sampling sites see della Torre <italic>et al ... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-163-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-163-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-163-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-163-4\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Okada"], "given-names": ["N"], "article-title": ["SINEs: short interspersed repeated elements of the eukaryotic genome"], "source": ["Trends Ecol Evol"], "year": ["1991"], "volume": ["6"], "fpage": ["358"], "lpage": ["361"], "pub-id": ["10.1016/0169-5347(91)90226-N"]}, {"surname": ["Goudet"], "given-name... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 46 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | Malar J. 2008 Aug 25; 7:163 | oa_package/8f/e7/PMC2546427.tar.gz |
PMC2546428 | 18783630 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p><italic>Plasmodium vivax </italic>has the widest geographic range of the four parasites responsible for malaria in man. Historically, its range has extended as far north as Finland and northern China, and as far south as northern Australia and South Africa [##REF##12364370##1##]. ... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Blood sample collection and parasite DNA extraction</title>",
"<p>A total of 2,588 blood samples collated from various surveys undertaken in nine African countries (Figure ##FIG##0##1##) between 1998 and 2006 were analysed by PCR for the presence of each of the four human malar... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<title>Prevalence of <italic>P. vivax </italic>in sub-Saharan Africa</title>",
"<p>1,711 samples were positive for <italic>P. falciparum </italic>(1,526 single species infections, 51 with <italic>P. ovale</italic>, 129 with <italic>P. malariae</italic>, one with <italic... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<title>Prevalence of <italic>P. vivax </italic>in sub-Saharan Africa</title>",
"<p>1,711 samples were positive for <italic>P. falciparum </italic>(1,526 single species infections, 51 with <italic>P. ovale</italic>, 129 with <italic>P. malariae</italic>, one with <italic... | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>RCu, RCa and KT conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. RCu wrote the manuscript. MN, FN, HU, RCa, UdA, AK and KT helped to draft... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>This study was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas from The Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (18073013) and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (17–054... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Details of sample collections.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\"><bold>Collection area</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><bold>Number</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><bold>Sampling year</bol... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>1 </sup>Only <italic>P. falciparum </italic>positive samples were available for analysis</p><p><sup>2 </sup>Only <italic>P. falciparum </italic>single species infections (diagnosed by microscopy) were analysed</p><p>*ACD; active case detection, PCD; passive case detection</p></table-wrap-f... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-174-1\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Cavalli-Sforza"], "given-names": ["LL"], "article-title": ["Africa"], "source": ["The History and Geography of Human Genes"], "year": ["1994"], "publisher-name": ["Princeton University Press"], "fpage": ["158"], "lpage": ["194"]}, {"surname": ["Garnham"], "given-names": ["PCC"], "italic": ["Plasmodium vi... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 35 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | Malar J. 2008 Sep 11; 7:174 | oa_package/d2/9a/PMC2546428.tar.gz |
PMC2546429 | 18752675 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Thousands of cases of malaria occur each year in the mountainous and forested provinces of south-central Vietnam [##UREF##0##1##,##UREF##1##2##]. Whilst few of these cases are fatal, the ensuing morbidity may have an economic impact on the population. The burden of malaria can be ... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study area and population</title>",
"<p>The study was carried out in two districts (Bac Ai and Ninh Son) in the northwest of Ninh Thuan Province. The area is inhabited primarily by the Raglay ethnic minority, a largely self-sustaining farming community. Malaria transmission in ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Characteristics of study respondents</title>",
"<p>For the household survey, 251 patients were interviewed, with a sex ratio male to female of 1.67. The median age was 16, ranging from 1 to 68 years old and was similar among men (16.5 [range 1–68] and women (15 [range 1–60]). S... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<title>Impact on the household</title>",
"<p>Direct costs per episode were estimated to be 0.69 USD, and indirect costs 11.10 USD, making a total of 11.79 USD. Thus the impact of malaria on the household was mainly in terms of the indirect costs (measured as an assumed reduction in... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>As in other parts of the world, malaria appears to impose a non-negligible economic burden on the household. Amongst farmers of the Raglay ethnic minority in Ninh Thuan, a south-central Vietnamese province with endemic forest malaria, this burden appears to be borne primarily in t... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>CMM designed the surveys, survey methodology, and helped in the initial training of health workers to conduct the surveys. NDT, NXX, LXH, PVK, AE, AJM and UA ... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to thank the Belgium Cooperation for their support for this project.</p>"
] | [] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Mean direct costs (USD) per malaria episode</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"left\">Travel*</td><td align=\"left\">Treatment*</td><td align=\"left\">Proportion of actual (non-trial) visits**<... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>*Data from survey of patients attending CHC</p><p>** Data from large passive case detection study [8]</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>*Data from survey of patients attending CHC</p><p>** Data from large passive case detection study [8]</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [] | [] | [{"collab": ["NIMPE"], "article-title": ["Annual Report of the National Malaria Control Program in Vietnam"], "source": ["Hanoi"], "year": ["2003"]}, {"collab": ["NIMPE"], "article-title": ["Annual Report of the National Malaria Control Program in Vietnam"], "source": ["Hanoi"], "year": ["2004"]}, {"surname": ["Erhart"... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 18 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | Malar J. 2008 Aug 27; 7:166 | oa_package/f1/f8/PMC2546429.tar.gz |
PMC2546430 | 18789163 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Hepatitis C virus infection is hyper-endemic among injection drug user (IDU) populations [##REF##12558341##1##,##REF##9596383##2##], and evidence also suggests that excess HCV infection occurs in non-injection drug users (NIDUs) who administer heroin, cocaine, or amphetamine by ot... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Search strategy</title>",
"<p>Automated searches of published literature were carried out on electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsychInfo, ERIC, Dissertation Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, and Current Contents) using the following search terms: (hepatitis C OR HCV) AND (intrave... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>Overall, the HCV Synthesis Project has identified 2384 reports through the electronic search terms. Of those, 948 (40%) reports appeared to be eligible for coding. In most cases of ineligible reports, it was immediately apparent that the reports were review articles, were not reporti... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Electronic searches of the published literature retrieved a substantial number of reports on the epidemiology of HCV infection in drug users. The fact that nearly all eligible reports were discovered via Medline searches suggests that study data are relatively accessible for a met... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Overall, we believe it will be essential to use meta-analysis to address outstanding questions regarding HCV prevention. Because individual studies have failed to find evidence of specific protective factors for HCV in drug users (especially IDUs) and the etiology of HCV transmiss... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Abbreviations</title>",
"<p>The following abbreviations are used in the body of the text: HCV: Hepatitis C Virus; IDU: Injection Drug User; NIDU: Non Injection Drug User; MOOSE: Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology study group; PY: Person Years; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; HBV: He... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>This research was funded by NIDA Grant Number R01 DA018609. NIDA had no role in study design; in the collection, analysis or interpretation of the data; nor in the writing or submission of the manuscript. The authors would like to thank colleagues at the Center for Drug Use ... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>HCV Meta-Analysis Project Phases.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Number of reports per year describing HCV prevalence, incidence or genotype distribution in injection drug users in th... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Quality Measure</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Quality/rigor/relevance of IDU data in studies included in HCV meta-analysis</bold></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\"><bo... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>* Since we coded articles in Spanish and Italian, as well as English language articles, reports from Italy and Spain may be over-represented in comparison to reports from other countries outside the US.</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2288-8-62-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2288-8-62-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2288-8-62-3\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Tortu", "Neaigus", "McMahon", "Hagen"], "given-names": ["S", "A", "J", "D"], "article-title": ["Hepatitis C among noninjecting drug users: A report"], "source": ["Subst Use and Misuse"], "year": ["2001"], "volume": ["36"], "fpage": ["523"], "lpage": ["534"], "pub-id": ["10.1081/JA-100102640"]}, {"surname... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 35 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | BMC Med Res Methodol. 2008 Sep 14; 8:62 | oa_package/ff/64/PMC2546430.tar.gz |
PMC2546431 | 18786262 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Data that are highly reliable and complete are essential to unbiased, high-quality research studies [##REF##3201042##1##,##REF##7261636##2##]. While poor statistical analyses can be run again, \"...a badly designed study with inferior data is beyond the redemption of the most soph... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study setting</title>",
"<p>The Missouri Lower Respiratory Infection (LRI) Project was a large prospective cohort study of outcomes (mortality and functional change) of nursing home residents who developed an LRI [##REF##11712938##10##,##REF##11711008##11##]. The protocol was a... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>Facility nurses reported 4,959 illness episodes; after applying evaluation and exclusion criteria (Table ##TAB##0##1##), 2,592 episodes were eligible for evaluation. Physicians excluded 56 individuals from evaluation <italic>a priori</italic>, and residents or family members refused ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Data management should be planned well in advance of data collection and continue throughout a study. We used several methods to maintain data quality for over three years of data collection in the Missouri LRI Study. Regardless of whether data collection involves a small number o... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Ensuring reliable and complete data is essential to the integrity of the study. Regardless of the system used for data collection and management, rigorous application of several key principles will help ensure high quality data and facilitate analysis and interpretation of analyti... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>RK participated in the design of the study, coordinated data collection, conceived of and applied the data management strategy, participated in data analysis ... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The Missouri LRI Project was supported by grant HS08551 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and DR Mehr's Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Generalist Physician Faculty Scholars award. RL Kruse was supported by Institutional National Research Service Award numbe... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Flowchart of organizational tasks (Note: some tasks such as obtaining IRB approval, obtaining facility participation, and interacting with attending physicians are not included).</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>F... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Criteria for evaluating, excluding, and enrolling residents in the Missouri LRI Project.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">Residents eligible for <underline>evaluation</underline> met one or... | [
"<disp-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\" name=\"1471-2288-8-61-i1\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Error rate</mml:mtext><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Number of edits</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p><bold>Prospective data management detailed methods</bold>. An additional file is provided that contains methods in more detail, including examples of SAS code and output.</p></caption></supplementary-material>... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>*Additional regulations that apply to data integrity and security have been enacted since the time of our study. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) [##REF##11343353##25##] addresses the security and privacy of health data, and 21CFR Part 11 [##UREF##5##26##] specifi... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2288-8-61-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2288-8-61-2\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"1471-2288-8-61-S1.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"surname": ["Grady", "Newman", "Vittinghoff", "Hulley SB"], "given-names": ["D", "TB", "E"], "article-title": ["Data management"], "source": ["Designing clinical research: an epidemiologic approach"], "year": ["2001"], "publisher-name": ["Philadelphia, PA: Williams & Wilkins"], "fpage": ["247"], "lpage": ["257"]}, {"... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 26 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | BMC Med Res Methodol. 2008 Sep 11; 8:61 | oa_package/21/9e/PMC2546431.tar.gz |
PMC2546432 | 18702822 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>The <italic>ERBB2 </italic>(<italic>Her-2/neu</italic>) oncogene is amplified and over-expressed in 25% of invasive breast carcinomas [##REF##2470152##1##, ####REF##9797688##2##, ##UREF##0##3##, ##REF##7607564##4####7607564##4##]. In general, <italic>ERBB2 </italic>amplification c... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Hybridization Probes</title>",
"<p>The probes have been described in detail previously [##REF##15034864##30##]. Single clones used for FISH probes were the following: <italic>291U </italic>(RP11 BAC 283i23), <italic>291P </italic>(RP5 PAC 1152A16), <italic>291F </... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Chromosome 17q gene copy abnormality patterns in <italic>ERBB2</italic>-amplified BCs</title>",
"<p>We showed previously that BCs with <italic>ERBB2 </italic>amplification have variable amplification and deletion of genes telomeric to <italic>ERBB2 </italic>[##REF##15034864##30... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>This paper is the first attempt to relate the characteristics of the highly variable <italic>ERBB2-TOP2A </italic>amplicon in BC, categorized into clearly defined Amplicon Classes, to the phenotype of the tumors. The Amplicon Classes were not associated with the commonly used desc... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>The <italic>TOP2A </italic>deletion is associated with increased risk of BC recurrence and death from breast cancer in patient with <italic>ERBB2 </italic>amplified BC. Clarification of the mechanism of this association will require additional study.</p>"
] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>List of Abbreviations</title>",
"<p>BC: Breast carcinoma; TOP2A: Topoisomerase II alpha; FISH: Fluorescence <italic>In-Situ </italic>Hybridization; NED: No evidence of disease; AWD: Alive with recurrent breast cancer; DOD: Died of breast cancer; DNED: Dead with no evidence of disease at least 24 months... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank Susan S. Jewell, PhD for her valuable assistance in preparing the Diagram with the location of FISH probes and selected genes on chromosome 17.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Diagram showing location of FISH probes and selected genes on chromosome 17</bold>. The locations of the 6 mapping probes and LSI<sup>® </sup>Her2 probe pictured in Figure 1 are based on the probe sequences in the May 2006 assembly of the h... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Clinical and pathologic characteristics of breast tumors by Amplicon class</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"><bold>Tumor Properties</bold></td><td align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\">... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><bold>NED</bold>: alive with no evidence of disease. <bold>DNED</bold>: died with no evidence of disease at least 24 months after diagnosis. <bold>AWD</bold>: Alive with breast cancer. <bold>DOD</bold>: died of breast cancer. NED and DNED were categorized as favorable outcome, and DOD and AWD a... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-8722-1-12-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-8722-1-12-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-8722-1-12-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-8722-1-12-4\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Dickson", "Pestell", "Lippman", "DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA"], "given-names": ["RB", "RG", "ME"], "article-title": ["Cancer of the Breast"], "source": ["Cancer Principles & Practice of Oncology"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["I"], "edition": ["7"], "publisher-name": ["Philadelphia: Lippincott, W... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 49 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | J Hematol Oncol. 2008 Aug 14; 1:12 | oa_package/3d/09/PMC2546432.tar.gz |
PMC2546433 | 18715512 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p><italic>Staphylococcus aureus </italic>is one of the most significant human pathogens responsible for nosocomial and community acquired infections. It can cause a range of infectious disease from mild conditions, such as soft tissue infections, to severe life-threatening debiliati... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Preparation of the sulfonamides</title>",
"<p>General procedure for preparation of the sulfonamides is as follows [##UREF##4##8##]. For a typical run; 0.06 mol substituted aniline was dissolved in 30 ml benzene. 0.06 mol <italic>p</italic>-toluenesulfonylchloride in 20 ml benze... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<p>Methicillin-resistant staphylococci are resistant to all other penicillin, carbapenems, cephems and beta-lactam, beta-lactam inhibitor combinations [##UREF##7##11##]. Consequently these antibiotics should not be used for treating of methicillin-resistant staphylococci ... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<p>Methicillin-resistant staphylococci are resistant to all other penicillin, carbapenems, cephems and beta-lactam, beta-lactam inhibitor combinations [##UREF##7##11##]. Consequently these antibiotics should not be used for treating of methicillin-resistant staphylococci ... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Sulfonamides are still an alternative option in order to cure MRSA staphylococci infections. However, increasing resistance against sulfonamides is a serious problem recently that has been taken attention. Therefore, there is need to have new chemicals for treatment of staphylococ... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Abbreviations</title>",
"<p>MRSA: methicillin resistant <italic>S. aureus</italic>; MSSA: methicillin susceptible <italic>S. aureus</italic>; SXT: trimetoprim sulphamethoxazole; DMSO: dimethylsulfoxid</p>",
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing inter... | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>MIC values of sulfonamides derivatives I, II, and III against total 50 <italic>S. aureus </italic>clinical isolates (data given as percentage). </p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\" colspan=\... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Compund IV showed very low activity therefore it was not taken in consideration.</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>MRSA (methicillin-resistance <italic>S. aureus</italic>), MSSA (Methicillin Susceptible <italic>S. aureus</italic>). OX (Oxacillin), SXT (trimetoprim-sulphamethoxazole... | [] | [] | [{"surname": ["Cengiz", "Usta\u00e7elebi \u015e"], "given-names": ["A"], "source": ["Staphylococcus, Temel Mikrobiyoloji"], "year": ["1999"], "publisher-name": ["G\u00fcne\u015f Kitapevi, Ankara"], "fpage": ["339"], "lpage": ["347"]}, {"surname": ["Livermore"], "given-names": ["DM"], "article-title": ["MAntibiotic resi... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 19 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2008 Aug 20; 7:17 | oa_package/8c/ad/PMC2546433.tar.gz |
PMC2546434 | 18652683 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Achalasia is a disorder of esophageal motility which occurs rarely in children [##UREF##0##1##]. Achalasia is caused by loss of inhibitory enervation of lower esophageal sphincter and is characterized by failure of the sphincter to relax. This failure of relaxation causes poor emp... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Achalasia is the most commonly recognized esophageal motor disorder, first described 300 years ago by Sir Thomas Willis[##REF##11319058##4##,##REF##11419820##5##]. It is an idiopathic esophageal motility disorder, characterized by absence of normal peristalsis and failure of relax... | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case 1</title>",
"<p>A 9-your old girl presented for evaluation of 18 month history of nocturnal cough and post-tussive emesis. Cough occurred mainly at nighttime, occasionally triggered by exercise and was almost always followed with non-bilious vomiting of semi-digested food. Several courses of antibiot... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>CT scan of chest showing dilatation of esophagus with air-fluid level.</bold> Dilated esophagus is compressing the trachea anteriorly.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Esophagogra... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1745-9974-4-6-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1745-9974-4-6-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1745-9974-4-6-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1745-9974-4-6-4\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Wong", "Maydonovitch", "Castell DO"], "given-names": ["RK", "CL"], "article-title": ["Achalasia"], "source": ["The esophagus"], "year": ["1992"], "publisher-name": ["Boston. Little Brown and Company"], "fpage": ["233"], "lpage": ["260"]}] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 19 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | Cough. 2008 Jul 24; 4:6 | oa_package/5f/31/PMC2546434.tar.gz |
PMC2546435 | 18775062 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Recent position statements have re-affirmed the benefits of an active lifestyle [##REF##17671237##1##,##REF##17671236##2##]. The current physical activity recommendation for adults, aged between 18–65 years, to promote and maintain health is to accumulate at least 30 minutes of mo... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Recruitment</title>",
"<p>The WWW intervention was set in the surrounding community of a West of Scotland university. Recruitment was targeted specifically at individuals in the lowest socio-economic groups. Recruitment was targeted at data zones within 1.5 km of the university... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Participants</title>",
"<p>From 169 initial enquiries to the study, 91 individuals met the inclusion criteria and provided informed consent at an initial meeting. Seventy-nine participants (63 females, 16 males, age = 49.2 ± 8.9) provided baseline measurements of pedometer step... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>This study is one of the first adequately powered, UK based randomized controlled trials to examine the impact of a pedometer-based walking intervention on step-counts in a community setting. The major finding of this study was that a graduated pedometer-based walking program, in ... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In summary, this study has demonstrated that a 12-week pedometer-based walking program in combination with a physical activity consultation was an effective way to increase walking, reduce sedentary behavior and increase positive affect in a community based sample not meeting curr... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Abbreviations</title>",
"<p>NICE: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; WWW: Walking for Well-being in the West; IPAQ: International Physical Activity Questionnaire; PANAS: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; BMI: Body mass index; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; TTM: Transtheoretical Mo... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to acknowledge the SPARColl advisory group for feedback during the study design and manuscript preparation stage. The authors would like to thank Alex McConnachie and David Rowe for assistance with statistical analysis. The authors would also like to t... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Flow of participants through the study.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Mean steps/day for intervention group (n = 39) and control group (n = 40) at baseline and week 12.</p></caption>... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Key points covered during physical activity consultations</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><td align=\"center\">Key points covered</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">Step 1: Physical Activity... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>a </sup>intervention group (n = 39).</p><p><sup>b </sup>control group (n = 40)</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup>a </sup>not measured at week 12.</p><p><sup>b </sup>anthropometric measures: (n = 37) for intervention group, (n = 39) for control group.</p><p><sup>c </sup>bl... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5868-5-44-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1479-5868-5-44-2\"/>"
] | [] | [{"collab": ["Scottish Executive"], "source": ["The Scottish Health Survey 2003"], "year": ["2005"], "publisher-name": ["Edinburgh: Crown Copyright"]}, {"surname": ["Hillsdon", "Foster", "Cavill", "Crombie", "Naidoo", "Agency HD"], "given-names": ["M", "C", "N", "H", "B"], "article-title": ["The effectiveness of public... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 82 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008 Sep 5; 5:44 | oa_package/bd/b2/PMC2546435.tar.gz |
PMC2546436 | 18778475 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>For decades researchers have tried to determine whether exposure to welding fumes poses an increased risk of lung cancer. Indeed, this health concern is one of the most important questions in welding fume-related toxicological research. The International Agency for Research on Can... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Animals</title>",
"<p>Male C57BL/6J and A/J mice, 4 weeks of age were purchased from Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME) and housed in an AAALAC-accredited, specific pathogen-free, environmentally controlled facility. All mice were free of endogenous viral pathogens, parasite... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings 2 days after exposure: GMA-MS and GMA-SS</title>",
"<p>GMA-MS welding fume caused a similar degree of lung cell death (measured as lactate dehydrogenase activity [LDH]) in both strains and no significant epithelial damage (measured as album... | [
"<title>Discussion and conclusion</title>",
"<p>This study compared the lung response in lung tumor susceptible (A/J) and resistant (C57BL/6J) mice exposed to GMA-MS, GMA-SS, MMA-SS, and S-Cr and found notable strain-dependent differences with regards to the degree and resolution of the inflammatory response. We ... | [
"<title>Discussion and conclusion</title>",
"<p>This study compared the lung response in lung tumor susceptible (A/J) and resistant (C57BL/6J) mice exposed to GMA-MS, GMA-SS, MMA-SS, and S-Cr and found notable strain-dependent differences with regards to the degree and resolution of the inflammatory response. We ... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>PCZE performed the animal exposures, bronchoalveolar lavage, isolated RNA, and drafted the manuscript. MLK conducted the statistical analyses. LAB counted the... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors thank senior staff pathologist, Dr. Meredith A. Simon (Charles River Laboratories) for the interpretation of the histopathology slides. We appreciate Dean Newcomer and Sherri Friend for their excellent technical assistance with the pathology preparation and stain... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Effect of S-Cr or MMA-SS welding fume on lavage protein levels and whole lung gene expression of IFN-γ (A&B) and IL-6 (C&D) at 2 days post-exposure in A/J and C57BL/6J mice.</bold> The dotted line represents the assay sensitivity fo... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Bronchoalveolar lavage parameters 2 days post-exposure</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\">Mouse Strain</td><td align=\"center\"><italic>n</italic></td><td align=\"center\">Exposure</td><td ... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>*Significantly different from corresponding sham; <sup>†</sup>Between exposed groups of the same mouse strain; ‡Between mouse strains of the same exposure group (p < 0.05)</p><p><sup>§</sup>LDH and albumin data are represented as % corresponding sham.</p><p><sup>||</sup>Percentage from a dif... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-8977-5-12-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-8977-5-12-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-8977-5-12-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1743-8977-5-12-4\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Minni", "Gustafsson", "Koponen", "Kalliomaki"], "given-names": ["E", "TE", "M", "P-L"], "article-title": ["A study of the chemical structure of particles in the welding fumes of mild and stainless steel"], "source": ["J Aerosol Sci"], "year": ["1984"], "volume": ["15"], "fpage": ["57"], "lpage": ["68"]}] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 46 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | Part Fibre Toxicol. 2008 Sep 8; 5:12 | oa_package/fe/8e/PMC2546436.tar.gz |
PMC2546437 | 0 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>In the August 18th, 2008, <italic>Wall Street Journal</italic>, George Anders wrote a column on the measures being taken by high technology companies in the United States to extend their researchers' age span of productivity. Anders cited an analysis performed by Benjamin Jones, a... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Call for nominations and the selection process</title>",
"<p>As stated previously [##REF##17875209##1##], the Prize alternates yearly between recognizing a non-HIV retrovirologist (2007 and odd years) and an HIV retrovirologist (2008 and even years). There can be some discretion on this guideline, exercis... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>A photograph of the crystal trophy presented to Dr. Karen Beemon, winner of the 2007 M. Jeang <italic>Retrovirology </italic>Prize.</p></caption></fig>"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1742-4690-5-80-1\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 4 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | Retrovirology. 2008 Sep 11; 5:80 | oa_package/16/cb/PMC2546437.tar.gz |
PMC2546438 | 18687142 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>HIV-1 integrase contains 288 amino acids encoded by the 3' end of the HIV-1 <italic>pol </italic>gene. It catalyzes the cleavage of the conserved 3' dinucleotide CA (3' processing) and the ligation of the viral 3'-OH ends to the 5'-DNA of host chromosomal DNA (strand transfer). ... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Sequence retrieval and annotation</title>",
"<p>The HIV-1 subtype B consensus integrase amino acid published by the Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database was used to query the GenBank database V 165.0 (released on 2008-04-15) using the blastp program. Human and primate lentivirus vi... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Published integrase sequences</title>",
"<p>The April 15, 2008 GenBank release contained 2,736 primate lentivirus integrase sequences with 200 or more amino acids. Twenty-nine percent of these sequences (n = 775) were excluded from analysis because they were of poor sequence qu... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The development of clinically active INIs is a remarkable therapeutic success story. Two decades of biochemical and biophysical studies established the fundamental mechanisms of HIV-1 integrase activity [##UREF##0##1##,##REF##15134551##3##], facilitated the development of high-thr... | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Supplementary Material</title>"
] | [] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Distribution of variants among group M HIV-1 integrase sequences.</bold> The consensus subtype B sequence is shown at the top of each 40 amino acid section. Beneath the consensus B sequence is the number of annotated sequences containing an... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Numbers of individuals with primate lentivirus integrase sequences > 200 amino acids by species, HIV-1 group, and subtype</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\"><bold>Species</bold></td><td ... | [
"<disp-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\" name=\"1742-4690-5-74-i1\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Entropy </mml:mtext><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo><mml:mtext>X</mml:mtext><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>−</mm... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional File 1</title><p>Accession IDs</p></caption></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S2\"><caption><title>Additional File 2</title><p>Variation by subtype</p></caption></supplemen... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>*NHPL: non-human primate lentiviruses exclusive of SIV<sub>CPZ </sub>and SIV<sub>STM</sub>/SIV<sub>MAC</sub>. SIV<sub>CPZ </sub>and SIV<sub>STM</sub>/SIV<sub>MAC </sub>are listed with human HIV-1 and HIV-2 isolates, respectively</p><p><sup>†</sup>Others: Subtypes, H, J, K, circulating recombina... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1742-4690-5-74-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1742-4690-5-74-2\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"1742-4690-5-74-S1.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"1742-4690-5-74-S2.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"surname": ["Brown", "Coffin J, Hughes S, Varmus H"], "given-names": ["P"], "article-title": ["Integration"], "source": ["Retroviruses"], "year": ["1997"], "publisher-name": ["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"], "fpage": ["161"], "lpage": ["205"]}, {"surname": ["Leitner", "Korber", "Daniels", "Calef", "Foley"], "g... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 60 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | Retrovirology. 2008 Aug 7; 5:74 | oa_package/5c/28/PMC2546438.tar.gz |
PMC2546439 | 18775073 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>In the 1920's, Hoover described a sign that could be considered a marker of severe airway obstruction. While readily recognizable at the bedside, it may also as easily be missed on physical examination. Hoover's sign refers to the inspiratory retraction of the lower intercostal ... | [] | [] | [] | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Hoover's sign refers to the inspiratory retraction of the lower intercostal spaces. It results from alteration in dynamics of diaphragmatic contraction due to hyperinflation, resulting in traction on the rib margins by the flattened diaphragm. Seen in up to 70% of patients with se... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Consent</title>",
"<p>Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by ... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Hoover's sign refers to the paradoxical inspiratory retraction of the rib cage and lower intercostal interspaces </bold>(<bold>Figure 1 Panels A and B</bold>). This patient had evidence of moderate airway obstruction and elevated residual v... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Suggested Indices Of Severity Of Airway Obstruction</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Physical findings</bold></td><td align=\"left\">Pursed lip breathing</td></tr><tr><td/><td align=\... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1476-7961-6-8-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1476-7961-6-8-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1476-7961-6-8-3\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Hoover"], "given-names": ["CF"], "article-title": ["The diagnostic significance of inspiratory movemens of the rib costal margins"], "source": ["Am J Med Sci"], "year": ["1920"], "volume": ["159"], "fpage": ["633"], "lpage": ["646"], "pub-id": ["10.1097/00000441-192005000-00003"]}] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 9 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | Clin Mol Allergy. 2008 Sep 5; 6:8 | oa_package/ce/c0/PMC2546439.tar.gz |
PMC2546440 | 18789131 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Many human tumor cells are characterized by over-expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a protein that promotes growth and aggressiveness and resistance of cancer cells to chemo- and radiotherapy [##REF##16854613##1##, ####REF##17670948##2##, ##REF##16024124##3##, ... | [
"<title>Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>Cell culture, transfection, irradiation and colony formation assay</title>",
"<p>Experiments were performed with the human bronchial carcinoma cell line, A549 (ATCC) and the human squamous carcinoma cell line FaDu (ATCC, origin head and neck cancer). Cells were ir... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Caveolin-1 associated EGFR internalization following irradiation was triggered by src kinase</title>",
"<p>Ionizing radiation induced protein stabilization of cytoplasmic src in A549 cells within 10 to 20 min (Fig. ##FIG##0##1A##). Stabilization of src was associated with phosp... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>It is generally accepted, that the epidermal growth factor receptor is localized within the cell membrane and will be internalized following activation and dimerization [##REF##16113650##30##]. Indeed, such a scenario can be observed following EGF stimulation [##REF##16113650##30#... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>EGFR internalization by caveolin-1 is a stress specific cellular reaction, which is src kinase activity dependent. Linked with EGFR internalization nuclear transport can be observed following irradiation. Nuclear EGFR transport can be hampered by inhibition of src. Consequently, s... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>KD, CM and RK performed experiments and interpreted data; the authors contribution to this research are reflected in the order shown. HPR supervised all aspec... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>This work was supported by grants from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DI 402/9-1) and Deutsche Krebshilfe (No. 106401).</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Radiation induced caveolin-1 linked EGFR internalization is triggered by src kinase</bold>. Confluent A549 cells were irradiated with 4 Gy (A). At the time points given, src protein was immune-precipitated from cytoplasmic protein fraction.... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1476-4598-7-69-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1476-4598-7-69-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1476-4598-7-69-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1476-4598-7-69-4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1476-4598-7-69-5\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 37 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:43 | Mol Cancer. 2008 Sep 12; 7:69 | oa_package/a9/d9/PMC2546440.tar.gz |
PMC2546444 | 18820728 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Malaria remains one of the world's most deadly diseases. However, efforts to control this disease are hampered by drug resistance in parasites, insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, and the lack of an effective vaccine ##REF##15163175##[1]##. Malaria parasites (<italic>Plasmodiu... | [
"<title>Materials and Methods</title>",
"<title>Peptide synthesis, purification and characterization</title>",
"<p>Angiotensin II (ang II)-related peptides were synthesized by a solid-phase method using the t-Boc strategy on a chloromethylated resin ##UREF##5##[16]##, with substitutions varying from 0.5–0.8 meq... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Ang I, ang II and VC1-VC6 peptides reduce the number of P. gallinaceum sporozoites in salivary glands</title>",
"<p>Injection of ang II (5–60 μM) in the hemolymph of <italic>P.gallinaceum</italic> infected <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> reduces sporozoites accumulation in the sal... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>A recent worldwide trend of attention to malaria control has come with accompanying financial support directed towards the development of new drugs, anti malarial vaccines and alternatives for vector population management ##UREF##2##[10]##. Technical developments such as the seque... | [] | [
"<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: CM VXOJ MAF RNP AM PFP MLC. Performed the experiments: CM VXOJ MAF RNP. Analyzed the data: CM VXOJ MAF RNP AM PFP MLC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AM PFP MLC. Wrote the paper: CM VXOJ MAF RNP AM PFP MLC.</p>",
"<p>\n<italic>Plasmodium</italic> species... | [
"<title>Supporting Information</title>"
] | [
"<p>We thank Dr. Antonio G. de Bianchi, Dr Carlos E. Winter, Dr. Osvaldo Marinotti and Dr Anthony A. James for helpful comments, suggestions and manuscript revision. We also would like to thank Dr. Lincoln Suesdek Rocha, for the statistical analyses.</p>"
] | [
"<fig id=\"pone-0003296-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003296.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Numbers of sporozoites in salivary glands of angiotensin I-, angiotensin II- or synthetic peptide-treated <italic>Ae. aegypti.</italic>\n</title><p>At ... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"pone-0003296-t001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003296.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Infectivity for chicks of <italic>P. gallinaceum</italic> spzs from salivary glands after incubation with 60 μM of VC5.</title></caption><alterna... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pone.0003296.s001\"><label>Figure S1</label><caption><p>Survival of mosquitoes injected with different ang II concentrations. Ae.aegypti mosquitoes (10 females) were injected intrathoracically (0.5 μl) of ang II at 10 μM, 20 μM, 50 μM, 60 μM, 100 μM and 200 ... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"nt101\"><label>a</label><p>The chicks were i.v. inoculated after 1 hour incubation of spzs and VC 5 or PBS.</p></fn><fn id=\"nt102\"><label>b</label><p>Pre-patent period is 6 days.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"nt103\"><label>a</label><p>In convention with IUPA... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003296.g001\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003296.g002\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003296.g003\"/>",
"<graphic id=\"pone-0003296-t001-1\" xlink:href=\"pone.0003296.t001\"/>",
"<graphic id=\"pone-0003296-t002-2\" xlink:href=\"pone.0003296.t002\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003296.s001.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003296.s002.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"label": ["4"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Ghosh", "Shaool", "Guillaud", "Ciceron", "Mazier"], "given-names": ["JK", "D", "P", "L", "D"], "year": ["1997"], "article-title": ["Selective cytotoxicity of dermaseptin S3 toward intraerythrocitic "], "italic": ["Plasmodium falciparum"], "source": ["JBC."], "v... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 25 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-13 07:14:35 | PLoS One. 2008 Sep 29; 3(9):e3296 | oa_package/9e/28/PMC2546444.tar.gz |
PMC2546445 | 18818770 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Investigations on the consequences of endosymbionts on their host's fitness have revealed that some of them exhibit variable effects, blurring the distinction between mutualism and parasitism. It is now admitted that symbionts are deeply involved in the evolutionary process of t... | [
"<title>Materials and Methods</title>",
"<title>\n<italic>A. vulgare</italic> lineages</title>",
"<p>Gravid females (F0) of <italic>A. vulgare</italic> were sampled in the natural park of Chizé (Western France 46°08′05″N-0°24′21″W) and brought back to the laboratory. The infection status of each gravid female (... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Infection status and <italic>Wolbachia</italic> titer</title>",
"<p>All C, injC and M females used in this experiment were controlled positive for <italic>Wolbachia</italic>. The two strains of <italic>Wolbachia</italic> exhibited a similar titer (∼7,640×10<sup>6</sup> bacteria... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Infection dynamics of vertically transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria is highly dependant on their host's reproductive success. However, symbionts such as <italic>Wolbachia</italic> often lead to physiological alterations which can negatively impact host fitness. Among potentially i... | [] | [
"<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: CBV ML YC DB SS. Performed the experiments: CBV ML JH MJ SS. Analyzed the data: CBV ML MJ SS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CBV JH. Wrote the paper: CBV ML MJ DB SS.</p>",
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>After decades during which endosymbionts were ... | [] | [
"<p>We thank Maryline Raimond for technical support.</p>"
] | [
"<fig id=\"pone-0003286-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003286.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Titer of each <italic>Wolbachia</italic> strains in <italic>A. vulgare</italic> ovaries.</title><p>Comparative analysis of the titer of <italic>Wolbach... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn fn-type=\"COI-statement\"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type=\"financial-disclosure\"><p><bold>Funding: </bold>This research was funded by the CNRS, the French Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement supé... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003286.g001\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003286.g002\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003286.g003\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003286.g004\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003286.g005\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["6"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["De Barro", "Hart"], "given-names": ["PJ", "PJ"], "year": ["2001"], "article-title": ["Antibiotic curing of parthenogenesis in Eretmocerus mundus (Australian parthenogenic form)."], "source": ["Entomol Exp Appl"], "volume": ["99"], "fpage": ["225"], "lpage": ["2... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 37 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-13 07:14:35 | PLoS One. 2008 Sep 26; 3(9):e3286 | oa_package/4c/1c/PMC2546445.tar.gz |
PMC2546446 | 18833304 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Precise estimates of molecular rates are fundamental to our understanding of the processes of evolution. In principle, mutation and evolutionary rates for neutral regions of the genome from the same species are expected to be equal ##REF##5767777##[1]##. However, on the basis of... | [
"<title>Materials and Methods</title>",
"<title>Study Site</title>",
"<p>The study was conducted at the Northern Cape Bird Adélie penguin colony, Ross Island, Antarctica (##FIG##3##Figure 4##). All samples were blood collected within an approximately 1000m area within the colony in order to minimise any disturb... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>We compared high quality DNA sequences from a 344bp region of the 5′ terminus of the mitochondrial HVR I region of a large sample of modern Adélie penguins. These comprised the mother and father from each of 508 families and typically two chicks per family. All blood samples were col... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The estimation of rates of molecular change is one of the most important exercises in evolutionary biology. Using a pedigree approach and a recently reported mathematical model, we have estimated the mutation rate for the Adélie penguin hypervariable region of the mitochondrial ge... | [] | [
"<p><bold>¤a:</bold> Current address: School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand</p>",
"<p><bold>¤b:</bold> Current address: Griffith School of Environment and School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia</p>",
"<p>Conceived ... | [
"<title>Supporting Information</title>"
] | [
"<p>We thank the following: D. Ainley, K. Barton, W-H. Chua, W. Cook, E. Esins, B. Hall, R. Heeney, F. Hunter, M. Ives, B. Karl, T. Ohta, T. Parsons, L. Shepherd, H. Spencer, B. Thomas, G. Walter, Y. Wharton, and P. Wilson.</p>"
] | [
"<fig id=\"pgen-1000209-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pgen.1000209.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>A plot of the frequency of the non-majority nucleotide bases across the 344 bp region of the HVR I for all adult penguins examined in this study.</titl... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"pgen-1000209-t001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pgen.1000209.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Details of heteroplasmies recorded from pedigree material of Adélie penguin families.</title></caption><alternatives><table frame=\"hsides\" rule... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pgen.1000209.s001\"><label>Figure S1</label><caption><p>Position dependency of heteroplasmy ratios. Combined plot of expected versus observed heteroplasmy ratios for haplotype mixes, as shown by different colours.</p><p>(25.55 MB EPS)</p></caption></suppleme... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"nt101\"><label>1</label><p>Indicates one chick only in this family.</p></fn><fn id=\"nt102\"><label>2</label><p>Indicates a third heteroplasmic chick (209 T/C 91.5∶8.5) in this family.</p></fn><fn id=\"nt103\"><label/><p>Bold indicates examples of heteroplasmies at two sites in a mother a... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pgen.1000209.g001\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pgen.1000209.g002\"/>",
"<graphic id=\"pgen-1000209-t001-1\" xlink:href=\"pgen.1000209.t001\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pgen.1000209.g003\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pgen.1000209.g004\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"pgen.1000209.s001.eps\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"pgen.1000209.s002.doc\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"pgen.1000209.s003.doc\"><caption><p>Click here for addi... | [{"label": ["14"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Ainley"], "given-names": ["DG"], "year": ["2002"], "article-title": ["\n"], "italic": ["The Ad\u00e9lie penguin: bellwether of climate change."], "comment": ["(Columbia University Press, New York, 2002)"]}, {"label": ["18"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surnam... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 34 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 23:38:08 | PLoS Genet. 2008 Oct 3; 4(10):e1000209 | oa_package/2f/76/PMC2546446.tar.gz |
PMC2546447 | 18820729 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>In the course of embryonic development, cells are initially totipotent but, after a few divisions, begin to lose potency and are transformed into pluripotent cells, finally becoming terminally differentiated somatic cells. The progressive loss of potency during differentiation h... | [
"<title>Materials and Methods</title>",
"<title>Stem cell lines</title>",
"<p>Cell pellets and/or DNA/RNA were obtained from the following laboratories: Shef-1 (Servicio de Inmunologia, HUCA, Oviedo, Spain), Shef-4, Shef-5, Shef-7, H7, H14 (CSCB, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK), H181 (CABIMER, Seville, ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Promoter DNA methylation profiling in hESCs, normal differentiated tissues and cancer samples</title>",
"<p>We used Illumina Goldengate Methylation Arrays© to compare the DNA methylation status of 1,505 sequences (from 807 genes) in eight independently isolated hESCs lines, 21 ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of TSGs and differentiation factors is a central epigenetic alteration in cancer ##REF##14732866##[26]##, ##REF##17320506##[27]##. The genes undergoing such alterations in cancer have been reported to be repressed in hESCs by the establishment of... | [] | [
"<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: MFF. Performed the experiments: VC AH AH BS AFF EL SC CB RR LB ST NJH. Analyzed the data: VC AH AFF MA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AH AH BS PM JGC PL LB NJH HM OB CLL PA BS. Wrote the paper: PA BS ME MFF.</p>",
"<p>Developmental genes are silenced in... | [
"<title>Supporting Information</title>"
] | [
"<p>We gratefully acknowledge the Genotyping Unit at the CNIO for their assistance with the methylation arrays technology. The I3 cell line was originally derived by Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor.</p>"
] | [
"<fig id=\"pone-0003294-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003294.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>DNA methylation profiling in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), normal primary tissues, and cancer cell lines.</title><p>(A) Methylation profiles of C... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"pone-0003294-t001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003294.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Classification of genes according to their promoter methylation status in hESCs, normal tissues, and CCLs, and proposed biological role for each ... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pone.0003294.s001\"><label>Figure S1</label><caption><p>Unsupervised cluster analysis of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), human cancer cell lines (CCLs), and normal primary tissues based on correlation of methylation profiles of 1,421 sequences. The methy... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"nt101\"><label/><p>The classification criteria are described in the <xref ref-type=\"sec\" rid=\"s4\">Methods</xref> section.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot>",
"<fn-group><fn fn-type=\"COI-statement\"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests ... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003294.g001\"/>",
"<graphic id=\"pone-0003294-t001-1\" xlink:href=\"pone.0003294.t001\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003294.g002\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003294.g003\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003294.g004\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003294.g005\"/>... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003294.s001.pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003294.s002.pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003294.s003.pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for addi... | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 39 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-13 07:14:35 | PLoS One. 2008 Sep 29; 3(9):e3294 | oa_package/fe/73/PMC2546447.tar.gz |
PMC2546448 | 18820730 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Immunocompetence has reached a central focus in evolutionary and behavioural ecology after the general upsurge of interest in host-parasite interactions, to the point of the emergence of immunoecology as a new scientific discipline ##REF##21237861##[1]##. Birds have been used as... | [
"<title>Materials and Methods</title>",
"<title>Experiment 1: Assessment of the secondary immune response</title>",
"<p>We used 125 birds from 39 parrot species (Order Psittaciformes, see ##TAB##0##Table 1##) varying in body size (range: 20–250 g), ecological, and life history traits ##UREF##23##[41]##. Birds w... | [
"<title>Results and Discussion</title>",
"<p>The PHA-induced tissue swelling was on average 86% larger in the second than in the first immune challenge (time range between PHA challenges: 5–250 days), with only four out of 125 individuals showing small increases (<10%). Changes in body mass, however, were unap... | [
"<title>Results and Discussion</title>",
"<p>The PHA-induced tissue swelling was on average 86% larger in the second than in the first immune challenge (time range between PHA challenges: 5–250 days), with only four out of 125 individuals showing small increases (<10%). Changes in body mass, however, were unap... | [] | [
"<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: JLT JAL GB. Performed the experiments: JLT MC. Analyzed the data: MC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JAL GB. Wrote the paper: JLT GB. Performed laboratory analyses: JAL.</p>",
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>cological immunology requires techniques to... | [] | [
"<p>We thank J.E. Smits, J.A. Donázar, M. Blanco, and an anonymous referee for comments on the manuscript.</p>"
] | [
"<fig id=\"pone-0003295-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003295.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Local tissue swelling (black dots) and body mass (white dots) of 125 birds subjected to two successive PHA-skin tests.</title></caption></fig>",
"<fi... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"pone-0003295-t001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003295.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Species and number of individuals used for assessing two consecutive responses to PHA injection.</title></caption><alternatives><table frame=\"hs... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn fn-type=\"COI-statement\"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type=\"financial-disclosure\"><p><bold>Funding: </bold>The authors have no support or funding to report.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003295.g001\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003295.g002\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003295.g003\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003295.g004\"/>",
"<graphic id=\"pone-0003295-t001-1\" xlink:href=\"pone.0003295.t001\"/>",
"<graphic id=\"pone-0003295-t002-2\" xlink:h... | [] | [{"label": ["2"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Martin", "Han", "Lewittes", "Kuhlman", "Klasing"], "given-names": ["LB", "P", "J", "JR", "KC"], "year": ["2006"], "article-title": ["Phytohemagglutinin-induced skin swelling in birds: histological support for a classic immunoecological technique."], "source": [... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 50 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-13 07:14:35 | PLoS One. 2008 Sep 29; 3(9):e3295 | oa_package/74/42/PMC2546448.tar.gz |
PMC2546449 | 18818771 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Although the use of DNA microarrays and other high throughput (HTP) technologies is increasingly widespread and affordable, identifying the underlying biological themes from HTP data remains a major challenge in the arena of systems biology. Once data from these experiments has ... | [
"<title>Materials and Methods</title>",
"<p>Three public microarray datasets ##REF##12808457##[23]##, ##REF##15075390##[41]##, ##REF##11507037##[42]## were obtained from the original publications and used for purpose of demonstration for SLEPR method. All the described procedures for the SLEPR method are implemen... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Overview: Sample-Level Enrichment-Based Pathway Ranking Method (SLEPR)</title>",
"<p>To overcome the issues and limitations of the gene-level consistency paradigm where data analysis primarily considers the change in gene behavior (e.g., expression) that consistently occurs in ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>More and more evidences have shown that conventional gene-level analysis methods seeking biomarkers or differential genes encountered limitations and difficulties from both statistical and biological sides ##UREF##3##[46]##–##UREF##4##[47]##. As with the analysis approaches discus... | [] | [
"<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: MY RS. Performed the experiments: MY. Analyzed the data: MY. Wrote the paper: MY RS.</p>",
"<p>Analysis of microarray and other high throughput data often involves identification of genes consistently up or down-regulated across samples as the first step in extraction o... | [
"<title>Supporting Information</title>"
] | [
"<p>We thank Jigui Shan, Uma Mudunuri, Anney Che and David Liu for technical assistance. We would like to thank the Editor and two referees for helpful comments that led to improvements in this paper.</p>"
] | [
"<fig id=\"pone-0003288-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003288.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Schematic overview of SLEPR method (see <xref ref-type=\"sec\" rid=\"s4\">Materials And Methods</xref> section for more details).</title><p>The goal of... | [
"<table-wrap id=\"pone-0003288-t001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003288.t001</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Top ranked GSEA annotation terms in SLEPR Analysis Result for Comparison of NGT vs DM2+IGT in human DM2 data.</title></caption><alternatives><tab... | [
"<disp-formula></disp-formula>",
"<disp-formula></disp-formula>",
"<disp-formula></disp-formula>",
"<disp-formula></disp-formula>",
"<inline-formula></inline-formula>",
"<inline-formula></inline-formula>",
"<disp-formula></disp-formula>"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"pone.0003288.s001\"><label>Figure S1</label><caption><p>Sample-wise gene-level variations shown by the heatmap of z-scores for pathway-level differentiated genes, which are associated with one of the top terms (Oxidative Phosphorylation) from the SLEPR resul... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><fn id=\"nt101\"><label/><p>Microarray data for human type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) study ##REF##12808457##[23]## was re-analyzed with SLEPR method to compare either NGT versus IGT+DM2 (IGT+DM2 as Exclusion/Background class in SLEPR). One-side MADe method was used in SLEPR for selection of highly... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003288.g001\"/>",
"<graphic id=\"pone-0003288-t001-1\" xlink:href=\"pone.0003288.t001\"/>",
"<graphic id=\"pone-0003288-t002-2\" xlink:href=\"pone.0003288.t002\"/>",
"<graphic id=\"pone-0003288-t003-3\" xlink:href=\"pone.0003288.t003\"/>",
"<graphic id=\"pone-0003288-t004-4\" xl... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003288.s001.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003288.s002.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for additional data file.</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"pone.0003288.s003.tif\"><caption><p>Click here for addi... | [{"label": ["2"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Hartigan", "Wong"], "given-names": ["JA", "MA"], "year": ["1979"], "article-title": ["A k-means clustering algorithm."], "source": ["Applied Statistics"], "volume": ["28"], "fpage": ["100"], "lpage": ["108"]}, {"label": ["6"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surna... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 58 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-13 07:14:35 | PLoS One. 2008 Sep 26; 3(9):e3288 | oa_package/bb/19/PMC2546449.tar.gz |
PMC2546450 | 18818772 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>We live in a dynamic environment where object relevancy to the task in hand could be altered through the time making some potentially useful stimuli irrelevant to the task in a later stage. Frontal cortex has been shown to be critical in blocking irrelevant information from ente... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Participants</title>",
"<p>Fourteen healthy male undergraduate students (age range: 20–28 years) were paid to participate in this experiment. None of the participants had any history of neurological or psychiatric disorders. Participants had normal or corrected to normal visual... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Participants Behavior</title>",
"<p>We checked the effect of number of sample objects and trial type on participants' response accuracy and RT by applying two separate two-factor ANOVA (##FIG##1##figure 2a##). Consistent with the previous studies of visual WM ##REF##9384378##[1... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>In brief, here we have found that participants' RT was increased as we eliminated irrelevant objects between sample and test sets indicating that filtering mechanism rather than selection was used for eliminating irrelevant objects from WM. Similar to participants' RT, latency of ... | [] | [
"<p>Analyzed the data: SN HE. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AM. Wrote the paper: SN AM HE.</p>",
"<p>In a dynamic environment stimulus task relevancy could be altered through time and it is not always possible to dissociate relevant and irrelevant objects from the very first moment they come to o... | [] | [] | [
"<fig id=\"pone-0003282-g001\" position=\"float\"><object-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1371/journal.pone.0003282.g001</object-id><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Example of stimuli and experiment procedure.</title><p>(a) <italic>The sequence of cue and sample presentati</italic>on. Participants had to retain the... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn fn-type=\"COI-statement\"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type=\"financial-disclosure\"><p><bold>Funding: </bold>The authors have no support or funding to report.</p></fn></fn-group>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003282.g001\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003282.g002\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003282.g003\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003282.g004\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003282.g005\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"pone.0003282.g006\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\... | [] | [{"label": ["6"], "element-citation": ["\n"], "surname": ["Vogel", "McCollough", "Machizawa"], "given-names": ["EK", "AW", "MG"], "year": ["2005"], "article-title": ["Neural measures reveal individual differences in controlling access to working memory."], "source": ["Nature"], "volume": ["438(24)"], "fpage": ["300"], ... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 31 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-13 07:14:35 | PLoS One. 2008 Sep 26; 3(9):e3282 | oa_package/a4/9b/PMC2546450.tar.gz |
PMC2546511 | 17967465 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<p>G.P.S. and L.D.B.E. contributed equally to this work.</p>",
"<p>Present address: G. P. Stafford, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK.</p>",
"<p>The bacterial flagellum assembles in a strict order, with structural subu... | [
"<p>Bacterial motility is commonly conferred by cell surface flagella, comprising a long helical filament that is connected by a flexible hook to a central rod in the cell envelope basal body that also houses the flagellar motor.<xref rid=\"bib1 bib2 bib3\" ref-type=\"bibr\"><sup>1–3</sup></xref> Flagella substruct... | [
"<title>Supplementary Data</title>",
"<p></p>",
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank Vasillis Koronakis for SptP antisera. This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust Programme grant (C.H.) and a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council studentship (P.D.).</p>"
] | [
"<fig id=\"d32e913\" position=\"anchor\"><label>Supplementary Fig. 1</label><caption><p><italic>In vitro</italic> oligomerisation of FliI<sub>E211A</sub> ATPase (FliI<sup>EA</sup>). Purified variant FliI ATPase (0.5 μM) was incubated in cross-linking buffer (20 mM Hepes pH 8.0, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.1 mM ethylenediaminetet... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<fn-group><fn id=\"d32e931\" fn-type=\"supplementary-material\"><label>Appendix A</label><p>Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at <ext-link ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1016/j.jmb.2007.09.080\">doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.09.080</ext-link></p></fn></fn-group>"
... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"gr5\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"gr1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"gr2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"gr3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"gr4\"/>"
] | [] | [{"label": ["1"], "surname": ["Macnab", "Neidhart"], "given-names": ["R.M.", "F.C."], "chapter-title": ["Flagella and motility"], "italic": ["Escherichia coli", "Salmonella typhimurium"], "year": ["1996"], "publisher-name": ["American Society for Microbiology"], "publisher-loc": ["Washington, DC"], "fpage": ["123"], "l... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 28 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 20:23:45 | J Mol Biol. 2007 Dec 7; 374(4-5):877-882 | oa_package/77/91/PMC2546511.tar.gz |
PMC2547095 | 18662408 | [
"<title>1. Introduction</title>",
"<p>As a developing country, India has witnessed unprecedented socioeconomic growth in the past few decades. However, the Indian healthcare system has struggled to keep up with the increasing demands in an era of rapid medical and technological advancement [##REF##17168107##1##].... | [
"<title>2. Materials and methods</title>",
"<title>2.1 Study Type</title>",
"<p>This is a prospective randomized intervention study designed to evaluate the effect of a video on short term knowledge pertaining to myocardial infarction.</p>",
"<title>2.2. Study site</title>",
"<p>Within India, the risk of co... | [
"<title>3. Results</title>",
"<p>Analysis of demographic data showed no significant differences between control and intervention groups on all measured variables, except \"years of formal education\" (with the intervention group having a higher level of education) and \"history of hypertension\" (with a greater n... | [
"<title>4. Discussion and conclusion</title>",
"<title>4.1. Discussion</title>",
"<p>Dissemination of information to patients in the developing world has been an ongoing public health struggle due to limited health care access and illiteracy. Our study aimed at using a unique form of technology to disseminate i... | [
"<title>4. Discussion and conclusion</title>",
"<title>4.1. Discussion</title>",
"<p>Dissemination of information to patients in the developing world has been an ongoing public health struggle due to limited health care access and illiteracy. Our study aimed at using a unique form of technology to disseminate i... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>ND heads an organization, Healing and Prevention Through Video (HPTV), that plans to produce health educational videos. The authors have no competing financial interests to disclose.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>ND and VG initially conceived the ... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to thank Dr. Chandrahas Agarwal for his participatory role in the video, Dr. Ratan Lal Agarwal (GRMC-GWL) for help with the video script, and Kevin Kurian for assistance in the creation of the video used in this pilot study.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Flow diagram depicting the study design.</bold> Baseline demographic characteristics of participants in control and intervention groups.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>Com... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Baseline demographic characteristics of participants in control and intervention groups.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\">Characteristic</td><td align=\"center\">Control group<break/> n =... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><bold>2a</bold> Comparison of the mean number of Correct responses amongst both groups. <bold>2b</bold> Comparison of the mean number of Incorrect responses amongst both groups. <bold>2c</bold> Comparison of the mean number of \"unsure responses\" amongst both groups.</p></table-wrap-foot>",
... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1755-7682-1-14-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1755-7682-1-14-2\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Deogaonkar"], "given-names": ["M"], "article-title": ["Socio-economic inequality and its effect on healthcare delivery in India: inequality and healthcare"], "source": ["Electronic Journal of Sociology"], "year": ["2004"], "fpage": ["11"]}, {"surname": ["Singh", "Sharma", "Rastogi", "Raghuvanshi", "Moshi... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 24 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | Int Arch Med. 2008 Jul 29; 1:14 | oa_package/e6/4e/PMC2547095.tar.gz |
PMC2547096 | 18783588 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in developed countries. A family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer is the most important risk factor for the development of these cancers [##REF##7260865##1##]. It is estimated that about 5 – 10% of breast cancer cases ... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Patients and families</title>",
"<p>This study was performed with families residing in Slovenia, and more specifically those followed at the Institute of Oncology of Ljubljana; the major centralized cancer centre in the country responsible for the national cancer registry. The ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>Four hundred thirty seven cancer patients received the initial inquiries and 289 returned them of which finally probands from 150 (39%) different families matched the inclusion criteria. Only 5 (3.3%) of these declined further testing. A <italic>BRCA1/2 </italic>mutation screen was p... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Slovenia is a central European area country and despite a complex history of occupation throughout history and the fact that it has been an independent country for only 17 years, the population has preserved its own language and culture for centuries. Currently 83% of the populati... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In summary, <italic>BRCA1/2 </italic>mutation testing and counselling met with a high acceptance rate in Slovenia and with a high interest level in probands.</p>",
"<p>A high mutation detection rate and the frequent occurrence of a limited array of recurring mutations allow a si... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>MK, JDG, ET, JZ, GG, NB, SN and MH designed the study, collected and analyzed the data and wrote the paper.</p>",
"<title>Pre-publication history</title>",
... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank the research nurse Katarina Lokar and all members of Familial cancer counselling team in Ljubljana for their critical contribution to this project. We thank also Goele Van Hassel and Kurt De Neef for technical help. This work was supported by the Belgian Stichting T... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Identified <italic>BRCA1/2 </italic>mutations in Slovenian breast and/or ovarian cancer families.</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Overall frequency of cancer types in 56 <italic>BRCA1/2 </italic>positive families</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>No. of affected family members</bold></td><td align=\"left\"><bold>... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Cancer phenotypes of families with a <italic>BRCA1/2 </italic>mutation: <italic>A. BRCA1 </italic>mutation families phenotypes. <italic>B. BRCA2 </italic>mutation families phenotypes.</p></caption></supplement... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>OC – ovarian cancer, BC – breast cancer (female), bil – bilateral, MBC – male breast cancer, CC – colon cancer, GC – gastric cancer, pan – pancreas, pro – prostate, Ca – cancer, Nr. – number</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2350-9-83-1\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"1471-2350-9-83-S1.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"article-title": ["Breast Cancer Information Core"]}, {"collab": ["Cancer incidence in Slovenia 2004"], "year": ["2007"], "publisher-name": ["Ljubljana: Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Slovenian cancer registries"]}, {"surname": ["Novakovic", "Stegel"], "given-names": ["S", "V"], "article-title": ["Rapid detection o... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 39 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | BMC Med Genet. 2008 Sep 10; 9:83 | oa_package/45/6d/PMC2547096.tar.gz |
PMC2547097 | 18755016 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Gastric polyps include hyperplastic polyps, adenomatous polyps, and inflammatory polyps unlike polyps of the colon are rare and have an incidence of less than 1%. Endoscopic excision of gastric polyps provides a minimally invasive approach to diagnosis and treatment. Hyperplasti... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Gastric polyps are rare as compared to colonic polyps (Scott-Conner 2006) [##UREF##0##1##]. Among the different types of Gastric polyps the hyperplastic polyps are the most common. Although these hyperplastic polyps do not harbor malignancy, there is rare chance of malignancy espe... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Isolated diffuse hyperplasic gastric polyposis with normal gastrin level is a rare entity and can present with severe anemia. Total gastrectomy or near-total gastrectomy to prevent further occult blood loss and regular surveillance with endoscopy is necessary as there is a possibi... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case Report</title>",
"<p>A 26 years old Hispanic female with no significant past medical history came to the emergency room with complaint of weakness and lethargy for 3 weeks. She denied nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, melena, rectal bleed, heavy menstrual periods or loss of weight. Family history was... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>The Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealing numerous diffuse polyps of varying size and shape filling the stomach.</bold> Some of the polyps actively bleeding.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-130-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-130-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-130-3\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Scott-Conner"], "given-names": ["CEH"], "article-title": ["Benign Gastric Tumors"], "source": ["eMedicine"], "year": ["2006"]}] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 10 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | Cases J. 2008 Aug 28; 1:130 | oa_package/ce/37/PMC2547097.tar.gz |
PMC2547098 | 18721475 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressive, life-threatening soft tissue infection. It develops from a bacterial infection, most often with group A Streptococcus (GAS). However, mixed aerobic and anaerobic Gram positive (G+) and Gram negative (G-) flora may also be the ... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>NF is a relatively rare disease, in which infection and necrosis are most often located on the lower legs and perineum. In 1883, Fournier reported a case of fulminant gangrene of the testes in an otherwise healthy man. In 1952, Wilson [##REF##14915014##2##] used the name \"necroti... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Although NF is a rare disease, physicians must be well trained in its diagnosis and treatment, to facilitate prompt interdisciplinary management. Clinicians assessing patients with rapidly progressive skin infections should be aware of the symptoms and have a high index of suspici... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 43-years-old Caucasian male (height 198 cm, weight 115 kg, tobacco smoker – 1 packet of cigarettes/day) was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital from a municipal hospital because of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome associated with infection an... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>Thanks to Prof. Leon Drobnik, Head of the Department, who provided general support.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>43-year-old male.</bold> Preoperative photograph on the day of admission. Extensive erythema and necrosis of the left leg.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>43-year-old male.... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-125-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-125-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-125-3\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 12 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | Cases J. 2008 Aug 23; 1:125 | oa_package/e2/34/PMC2547098.tar.gz |
PMC2547099 | 18782431 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD) is a rarely seen neurodegenerative disease among the infectious spongioform encephalopathies. It has four subtypes as sporadic, familial, iatrogenic and variant forms thought to be transmitted with ingestion of infected meat products [##REF##11357... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>CJD is a fatally progressive prion disease characterized with rapidly deteriorating dementia. Sporadic human prion diseases are seen in 85–90% of the cases. Of the remaining cases, 1–2% is the infectious form acquired from an established source with the prion disease, 5–15% is fam... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>According to diagnostic criteria of World Health Organization (WHO) for the probable diagnosis of CDJ, the presence of at least one criterion among typical EEG findings and 14-3-3 positivity for CSF samples or at least 2 criteria among myoclonus, visual disturbances, cerebellar, p... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>Three months before referral to our clinics, this 70 year-old patient experienced complaints such as difficulty in raising 3rd and 4th digits of his hands, insomnia, irritability, inability to find his way home. In cranial MRI bilateral cerebral cortical atrophy more promin... | [] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>The cortical ribboning sign on diffusion MRI of the patient.</p></caption></fig>"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1757-1626-1-146-1\"/>"
] | [] | [{"collab": ["World Health Organisation"], "article-title": ["Consensus on criteria for diagnosis of sporadic CJD"], "source": ["Weekly Epidemiol Rec"], "year": ["1998"], "volume": ["73"], "fpage": ["361"], "lpage": ["5"]}] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 10 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | Cases J. 2008 Sep 9; 1:146 | oa_package/73/7b/PMC2547099.tar.gz |
PMC2547100 | 18783614 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) is a progressive form of bilateral blindness that shares the end-stage clinical characteristics of retinal gangln cell (RGC) death and optic nerve atrophy with the mitochondrial disease, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) [##REF##174... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Patient Cell Lines</title>",
"<p>All patients in this study were examined by two experienced neuro-ophthalmologists (NJN, VB) and had clinical symptoms, age of onset, and family histories typical for ADOA, as described previously [##REF##16617242##24##]. Informed consent was ob... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>To assess mitochondrial function in ADOA patients, we determined mitochondrial respiratory function and respiratory chain enzyme specific activities in both <italic>OPA1</italic>-positive and <italic>OPA1</italic>-negative ADOA patients. For each patient cohort, both complex I-linked... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>The analysis of six ADOA patient lymphoblastoid cell lines with mutations in the nuclear gene <italic>OPA1 </italic>indicates that <italic>OPA1 </italic>has no direct role in mitochondrial respiratory chain function. These data represent the first report on <italic>in vitro </ital... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>From this study we conclude that <italic>OPA1 </italic>is not directly involved in maintaining electron transport efficiency for OXPHOS. The <italic>OPA1 </italic>mutations causing ADOA most likely result in a cellular haploinsufficiency for OPA1 protein in mitochondrial network f... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>VM isolated mitochondria from patient lymphoblasts, conducted all respiration and enzymology experiments, and performed data analysis. AL isolated DNA and prepared EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid lines from patient blood samples and maintained cell lines for mitochondri... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank the patients and their families for their contributions, the National Eye Institute for support through grant award EY014393 (M.D.B./S.D.C.), and Research to Prevent Blindness (New York, NY) for an unrestricted grant to the Emory University School of Medicine Depart... | [] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p><italic>OPA1 </italic>mutations in <italic>OPA1</italic>-positive ADOA patients</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\"><bold>Patient</bold></td><td align=\"center\"><bold>Gene Mutation</bold></... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><sup><italic>a</italic></sup>Compound heterozygote.</p><p><sup><italic>b</italic></sup>Results in a 3 amino acid C-terminal extension.</p><p><sup><italic>c</italic></sup>Mutations in <italic>OPA1 </italic>result in protein truncation at the amino acid shown.</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wr... | [] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 34 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | BMC Biochem. 2008 Sep 10; 9:22 | oa_package/b4/14/PMC2547100.tar.gz |
PMC2547101 | 18782455 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by histological changes similar to those seen in subjects with alcoholic hepatitis but in whom alcohol intake is absent or poorly significant. Factors promoting NAFLD development include obesity and diabetes. From 69% to 10... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Animals and diets</title>",
"<p>Wistar CRL: Wi (Han) male rats (Charles River) weighing approximately 225 g were used. All experiments were conducted in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the US Public Health Service. Animals were ... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>Rat weight significantly increased in the control group (221 ± 10 g to 355 ± 16 g), remained similar in the group with fatty liver disease (222 ± 12 g to 226 ± 14 g), and decreased in the resveratrol group (218 ± 9 g to 201 ± 11 g). Hepatic index was 4.47 ± 0.63, 4.38 ± 0.34, and 3.9... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>NAFLD represents a wide spectrum of disorders, the hallmark of which is hepatic steatosis. NAFLD was considered a benign condition, but is now increasingly recognized as a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Insulin resistance is the basis for accumulation of fre... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In summary, our study shows that resveratrol decreases liver steatosis in rats and that its effect is mediated, at least partly, by TNF-α and antioxidant activities. In our model, bacterial translocation was not responsible for TNF-α elevation. Further studies are warranted to det... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>LB, EH, MB, PA, and NG–U participated in study conception and design, manuscript preparation, and practical conduct of the study. CS collected and analyzed da... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank Koro Berasarte for her technical assistance.</p>",
"<p>This work was supported by grants from the Plan Nacional I+D, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (FIS: PI04/1730) and the Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005-111096 y 2007-021011). CI... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>NAFLD model used in the study.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>Histological study in the different groups (control, steatosis, and resveratrol).</bold> Thus, the control group is... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Grades of fatty infiltration in rats and groups.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">Group</td><td align=\"center\">Rats (n°)</td><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"4\">Steatosis grades</td></tr><... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p><italic>*P </italic>< 0.05 vs steatosis group</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-230X-8-40-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-230X-8-40-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-230X-8-40-3\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 37 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | BMC Gastroenterol. 2008 Sep 9; 8:40 | oa_package/94/76/PMC2547101.tar.gz |
PMC2547102 | 18710586 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Affymetrix GeneChips are widely used for transcriptome analysis. This microarray platform is based on the concept of a set of 11–22 probes representing each gene. However, the genomic knowledge used by Affymetrix for the original probe-set definitions becomes increasingly outdated... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>",
"<title>Background</title>",
... | [
"<title>Findings</title>",
"<title>Description</title>",
"<p>Hybrid probe-set definitions are generated using Brainarray CDFs [##UREF##0##13##], Affymetrix NetAffx Annotation Files[##UREF##1##14##], and NCBI Entrez Gene Info Files[##UREF##2##15##]. The original procedure to generate custom Brainarray Entrez pro... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We acknowledge Drs R. Monajemi for his contribution to this project. This work was carried out in the context of: the Virtual Laboratory e-Science project <ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://www.vl-e.nl\"/> supported by a BSIK grant from the Dutch Ministry of... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>CDF-Merger Algorithm</bold>. Schema of the CDF-Merger algorithm.</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Percentage of probe usage after re-annotation</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\"><bold>Organism</bold></td><td align=\"left\"><bold>GeneChip</bold></td><td align=\"left\"><bold>Affymetrix</... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Definition origin and probe-set sizes Brainarray version 10.</p></caption></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S2\"><caption><title>Additional file 2</title><... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>* Gene Consistent RefSeq plus GenBank, min. probe-set size = 5.</p><p>** GeneAnnot [##REF##18005434##2##]: 58% probe usage.</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-66-1\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-66-S1.xls\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"vnd.ms-excel\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-66-S2.xls\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"vnd.ms-excel\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"article-title": ["Brainarray CDFs"]}, {"article-title": ["Affymetrix NetAffx Annotation Files"]}, {"article-title": ["NCBI Entrez Gene Info Files"]}] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 15 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | BMC Res Notes. 2008 Aug 19; 1:66 | oa_package/24/2d/PMC2547102.tar.gz |
PMC2547103 | 18717986 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) comprise a diverse range of integral membrane proteins regulating many important physiological functions [##REF##12037145##1##, ####REF##12688373##2##, ##REF##14626443##3####14626443##3##]. Ligand binding to a GPCR on the cell surface initiat... | [] | [] | [] | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>GPCR classification is among the most challenging problems in bioinformatics due to the sequence diversity of the GPCR superfamily and the uneven distribution of its various family subgroups. GPCRTree is the first server to implement an alignment-independent representation of prot... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>",
"<title>Background</title>",
... | [
"<title>Findings</title>",
"<title>Algorithm</title>",
"<p>A previously-constructed comprehensive GPCR sequences dataset was used to train and test the classifier [##REF##17956878##22##]. Proteins shorter than 280 amino acids were removed, eliminating incomplete protein sequences. All identical sequences were r... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors should like to gratefully acknowledge funding under the ESPRC grant EP/D501377/1 and the European Union ImmunoGrid project FP6-2004-IST-4 (contract no. 028069).</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Input page for GPCRTree server.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Results page for the GPCRTree server showing the prediction for the sequence of Chemokine CCR4 receptor.</p></caption></... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-67-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-67-2\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Sgoruakis", "Bagos", "Papasaikas", "Hamodrakas"], "given-names": ["NG", "PG", "PK", "SJ"], "article-title": ["A method for GPCRs coupling specificity to G-proteins using refined profile Hidden Markov Models"], "source": ["BMC Bioinformatics"], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["6"], "fpage": ["104"], "pub-id"... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 29 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | BMC Res Notes. 2008 Aug 21; 1:67 | oa_package/b9/23/PMC2547103.tar.gz |
PMC2547104 | 18755045 | [] | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Bacterial strains</title>",
"<p>Fecal specimens and rectal swabs were inoculated into Cary-Blair transport medium and processed within 2–4 h. Specimens were cultured on <italic>Shigella-Salmonella </italic>(SS), Hektoen-Enteric (HE), Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) and MacConk... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>During the one-year period from December 2002 and November 2003, a total of 302 <italic>Shigella </italic>strains had been isolated from enteritis cases in children at the Children Medial Center and Mofid Children Hospital and three additional large hospitals including Baqiyatallah, ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Of 302 <italic>Shigella </italic>isolates recovered from Iranian pediatric cases in the period December 2002 to November 2003, 10 (3.3%) strains were identified as <italic>S. boydii </italic>and analyzed in this study by different phenotypic and molecular subtyping methods. The pr... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Low endemic circulation of <italic>S. boydii </italic>in Tehran, Iran, may be attributed to a few clones diverging towards heterogeneous drug resistance phenotypes and plasmid profiles.</p>",
"<p>The different methods could provide more or less sensitive interpreting keys suitab... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>",
"<title>Background</title>",
... | [
"<title>Findings</title>",
"<p>Shigellosis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children with diarrhea in developing countries. Worldwide, the disease causes around 1,100,000 deaths per year, and two-thirds of the patients are children under 5 years of age. Shigellosis is caused by four serogr... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors would like to thank for their cooperation Mrs. Mina Abedini from Microbiology laboratory of the Children's Medial Center and Dr. Aurora Aleo from the Centre for Enteric Pathogens of southern Italy, Department of Sciences for Health Promotion \"G. D'Alessandro\", ... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Plasmid profiles of <italic>S. boydii </italic>isolates. P1–P7 are the representative plasmid profiles of the clinical samples. Lane M is molecular size marker.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><ca... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of the <italic>S. boydii </italic>isolates included in the study</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\"><bold>Strain No</bold>.</td><td align=\"center\"><bold>Serotype</bold></t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>*AMP, ampicillin; AMX, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; C, chloramphenicol; NDA, nalidixic acid; STR, streptomycin; TET, tetracycline; SXT, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-74-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-74-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-74-3\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Ranjbar", "Soltan Dallal", "Pourshafie", "Aslani", "Majdzadeh", "Khorramizadeh"], "given-names": ["R", "MM", "MR", "MM", "R", "MR"], "article-title": ["Serogroup distribution of "], "italic": ["Shigella "], "source": ["Iranian J Publ Health"], "year": ["2004"], "volume": ["33"], "fpage": ["32"], "lpage":... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 30 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | BMC Res Notes. 2008 Aug 29; 1:74 | oa_package/21/be/PMC2547104.tar.gz |
PMC2547105 | 18771583 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Seniors are a growing percentage of the worldwide population. For example, the number of people aged over 65 years in the United Kingdom is expected to rise to 20% of the total population by 2021 [##REF##15177835##1##]. Similarly, about a quarter of the Australian population will ... | [] | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>A large proportion of the participants (86%) returned the questionnaire that rated specific features of the booklet. Results, which were positive, are summarized in Table ##TAB##0##1##. The majority of seniors found the booklet interesting, agreed that it contained useful advice and ... | [
"<title>Discussion and conclusion</title>",
"<p>That many seniors are physically inactive and overweight is a compelling reason for the development of physical activity and nutrition interventions tailored to their specific circumstances [##UREF##2##4##, ####UREF##3##5##, ##REF##14647184##6##, ##UREF##4##7##, ##U... | [
"<title>Discussion and conclusion</title>",
"<p>That many seniors are physically inactive and overweight is a compelling reason for the development of physical activity and nutrition interventions tailored to their specific circumstances [##UREF##2##4##, ####UREF##3##5##, ##REF##14647184##6##, ##UREF##4##7##, ##U... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>",
"<title>Background</title>",
... | [
"<title>Findings</title>",
"<p>The development of the PANS intervention was based on a PAR approach involving systematic investigation and collaboration with the target group [##REF##16169832##18##]. The process helps ensure that health promotion interventions are more relevant to the target group's needs. In the... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors are grateful to Christina Pollard, Sonia White, Kelly Kennington and Choon-Cheong Leong for their contributions to the project. The project was financially supported by the ATN Centre for Metabolic Fitness.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Process to develop and evaluate the intervention.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Focus group questions.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F3\"><label>Figure 3</lab... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Booklet feedback results</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold>Comment</bold></td><td align=\"left\"><bold>% Agree</bold></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align=\"left\">Useful advice in bo... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>A copy of the booklet sent to all intervention group participants.</p></caption></supplementary-material>"
] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>(n = 90)</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>(n = 114)</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-77-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-77-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-77-3\"/>",
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"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-77-5\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-77-S1.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"collab": ["Department for Community Development. Office for Seniors Interests and Volunteering."], "surname": ["Purdy K, Hall G"], "source": ["Handy seniors statistics November 2006"], "year": ["2006"]}, {"collab": ["Australian Bureau of Statistics - ABS"], "article-title": ["Projections WA Series B 2004-2051 MFP al... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 25 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | BMC Res Notes. 2008 Sep 4; 1:77 | oa_package/1c/7c/PMC2547105.tar.gz |
PMC2547106 | 18710493 | [] | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<p>The cloned sequences from the HVS1 fragment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the seven Neandertal specimens that exist with extensive (>300 nucleotides) coverage were used in the analysis. These include: Feldhofer 1 and 2 from Germany [##REF##9230299##11##,##REF##12232049##12##... | [
"<title>Results and Discussion</title>",
"<p>The nucleotide composition of the consensus Neandertal mtDNA sequence is shown in Table ##TAB##1##2##. Also indicated is the number of nucleotide positions within the dataset that are observed to contain consistent miscoding lesions of any type (i.e. prior to selection... | [
"<title>Results and Discussion</title>",
"<p>The nucleotide composition of the consensus Neandertal mtDNA sequence is shown in Table ##TAB##1##2##. Also indicated is the number of nucleotide positions within the dataset that are observed to contain consistent miscoding lesions of any type (i.e. prior to selection... | [] | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>",
"<title>Background</title>",
... | [
"<title>Findings</title>",
"<p>The retrieval of DNA from extinct humans such as Neandertals is technically challenged by problems associated with <italic>post mortem </italic>damage of the original DNA [##REF##15568989##1##]. The growing availability of Neandertal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable (HVS) seq... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We are grateful to Adrian Briggs (Max Planck Institute, Leipzig) for helpful suggestions. This research has been supported by a grant (CGL2006-03987) from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science to C.L.-F. and S.V. E.G has a PhD fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of ... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Differential clustering (from singletons to 11 repeats) of cytosines on the mitochondrial Light Strand and guanines on the Heavy Strand of the Neandertal sequences (the 16054–056 and 16375–380 clusters extend beyond the 16055–16375 studied region... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Summary data including observed and expected number of consistent mutations observed over the discrete HVS1 region analysed considering a Neandertal consensus sequence.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td/><... | [
"<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\" name=\"1756-0500-1-40-i1\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mn>8</mml:mn></mml:mfrac><mml:mfrac><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:mfrac></mm... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Distribution of consistent mutations in each Neandertal's mtDNA. Original distribution of mutations (only consistent substitutions) and examined PCRs for each mtDNA position between 16056 and 16375.</p></capti... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>PCR refers to the number of independent cloned PCR reactions over the region.</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Vertical: original nucleotide composition; Horizontal: observed nucleotide changes.</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-40-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-40-2\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-40-S1.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"1756-0500-1-40-S2.doc\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"msword\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlin... | [{"surname": ["Gilbert", "Shapiro", "Drummond", "Cooper"], "given-names": ["MTP", "BA", "A", "A"], "article-title": ["Post mortem DNA damage hotspots in Bison ("], "italic": ["Bison bison ", "B. bonasus"], "source": ["J Archaeol Sci"], "year": ["2005"], "volume": ["32"], "fpage": ["1053"], "lpage": ["1060"], "pub-id": ... | {
"acronym": [],
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} | 22 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | BMC Res Notes. 2008 Jul 10; 1:40 | oa_package/32/81/PMC2547106.tar.gz |
PMC2547107 | 18783629 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (~18–24 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs which bind to mRNAs to regulate protein expression, either by blocking translation and/or by promoting degradation of the mRNA target (reviewed in [##REF##17368621##1##, ####REF##17197185##2##, ##REF##18191211##3###... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Total RNA and cell samples</title>",
"<p>Total RNA samples from normal human tissues were from Ambion (Austin, TX). Frozen HeLa cell pellets were from Cell Trends (Middletown, MD), and frozen ZR-75-1 cell pellets were from BioProcessing Inc. (Portland, ME).</p>",
"<title>miRN... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<title>Quantitative RT-PCR and Agilent microarray miRNA profiles correlate strongly</title>",
"<p>We previously reported that a comparison of Agilent microarray profiling and SYBR green-based quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) of ten miRNAs in seven different human tissues foun... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<title>Quantitative RT-PCR and Agilent microarray miRNA profiles correlate strongly</title>",
"<p>We previously reported that a comparison of Agilent microarray profiling and SYBR green-based quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) of ten miRNAs in seven different human tissues foun... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In this study we compared the expression levels of 61 miRNAs in nine human tissues as measured by both Agilent microarrays and TaqMan qRT-PCR. We found that 53/60 expressed miRNAs had correlations (R) > 0.9 between the two methods. For the two miRNAs that differed most between ... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>RAA helped design the experiments, performed all the experimental work, analyzed the data, and drafted the manuscript. HW and BC helped to design the experiments and to analyze and interpret the data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.</p>",
"<title>... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank Dr. Laurakay Bruhn for carefully reading and reviewing the manuscript. This work was supported by Agilent Technologies.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Comparison of qPCR and microarray miRNA profiling for individual miRNAs in nine human tissues</bold>. Scatter plots are shown for 9 of the 61 miRNAs assayed, with qPCR results (cycle threshold (Ct) values) on the x axes and microarray resul... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>List and characteristics of sample preps from HeLa and ZR-75-1 cell pellets. </p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\"><bold><underline>Cell Line</underline></bold></td><td align=\"left\"><bold><un... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional File 1</title><p><bold>qRT-PCR Ct data and microarray signal data for 61 miRNAs</bold>. Mean Ct values data for the four qPCR replicates are listed, as are mean microarray data (log<sub>2 </sub>of the total gene signal) for th... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>The number of individual preps performed using the indicated total RNA prep method and cell lines are shown, as are the mean and standard deviations (in parentheses) of the total RNA yields (in micrograms), 260:280 ratios, 260:230 ratios, and RIN numbers for all the preps done with the same met... | [
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"<graphic xlink:href=\"1472-... | [
"<media xlink:href=\"1472-6750-8-69-S1.xls\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"vnd.ms-excel\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"1472-6750-8-69-S2.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media x... | [{"surname": ["Griffiths-Jones", "Grocock", "van Dongen", "Bateman", "Enright"], "given-names": ["S", "RJ", "S", "A", "AJ"], "article-title": ["miRBase: microRNA sequences, targets and gene nomenclature"], "source": ["Nuc Acids Res"], "year": ["2006"], "volume": ["34"], "fpage": ["D140"], "lpage": ["D144"], "pub-id": [... | {
"acronym": [],
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} | 38 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | BMC Biotechnol. 2008 Sep 11; 8:69 | oa_package/bb/cf/PMC2547107.tar.gz |
PMC2547108 | 18783590 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>The ability of cytosine deaminase (CD) to convert the clinically used antifungal agent 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) into one of the most potent and largely used anticancer agent such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) raised considerable interest in this enzyme to design innovative anticancer th... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Antibodies and reagents</title>",
"<p>The characteristics of the scFvGO used in this study as scFv irrelevant antibody were previously described [##REF##15684666##17##]. Anti-Flag M2 and anti-polyhistidine antibodies were purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA). The goat anti-... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<p>The CD/5-FC-based GDEPT or ADEPT are among the most studied strategies aiming to improve the therapeutic ratio (benefit versus toxic side-effects) of cancer chemotherapy. CD has the ability to deaminate the non toxic prodrug 5-FC into the highly toxic compound 5-FU. By... | [
"<title>Results and discussion</title>",
"<p>The CD/5-FC-based GDEPT or ADEPT are among the most studied strategies aiming to improve the therapeutic ratio (benefit versus toxic side-effects) of cancer chemotherapy. CD has the ability to deaminate the non toxic prodrug 5-FC into the highly toxic compound 5-FU. By... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>The monoclonal antibody scFvH5 may be a very useful reagent for detection of CD expression in GDEPT/ADEPT studies. In fact, this mAb detects functional yCD either in ELISA or in Western blot studies (Figure ##FIG##0##1## and ##FIG##1##2##) thus providing evidence that similar tech... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Abbreviations</title>",
"<p>5-FC: 5-fluorocytosine; 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; yCD: yeast cytosine deaminase; scFv: single chain fragment variable; GO: glucose oxidase; mAb; monoclonal antibody</p>",
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>This work in supported by ISS-NIH and ISS-ACC research grants. SZ is supported by an ISS Research Funds for PhD Fellowship.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Expression of recombinant yCD</bold>. In (A), is depicted a schematic representation of yCD expression vector, constructed by inserting the coding sequence for yCD into pQE30Xa plasmid, and expressed in TG1 strain of <italic>E. coli</italic... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1472-6750-8-68-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1472-6750-8-68-2\"/>",
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"<graphic xlink:href=\"1472-6750-8-68-4\"/>",
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"<graphic xlink:href=\"1472-6750-8-68-6\"/>"
] | [] | [] | {
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} | 18 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | BMC Biotechnol. 2008 Sep 10; 8:68 | oa_package/12/87/PMC2547108.tar.gz |
PMC2547109 | 18684332 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid found ubiquitously in the environment [##UREF##0##1##] and is classified as a human carcinogen [##UREF##1##2##]. Currently, the US Environmental Protection Agency declares arsenic as the highest priority hazardous substance found at contaminated s... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Plants and growth conditions</title>",
"<p>Seeds of <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana </italic>ecotype Columbia plants were surface sterilized and plated on agar-solidified MS culture medium supplemented with B5 vitamins, 10% sucrose, 2% Gelrite<sup>®</sup>, pH 5.8. Phosphate is sup... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Root growth under As (V) stress</title>",
"<p>Arsenate exposure resulted in reduced Arabidopsis root growth and branching (Figure ##FIG##0##1##). Exposure of 50 μM As (V) resulted in significantly reduced Arabidopsis root growth (Figure ##FIG##0##1C##). In addition to known rel... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<title>Arsenic and oxidative stress</title>",
"<title>Superoxide dismutases</title>",
"<p>Increasing evidence from mammalian studies demonstrates that ROS are generated in response to exposure to inorganic forms of arsenic [##REF##9653147##21##, ####REF##11172004##22##, ##REF##12... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Our data show that in Arabidopsis, Cu/Zn SODs are strongly induced in response to As (V) stress, while Fe SOD expression is repressed. We also demonstrate that As (V) stress results in the repression of genes involved in phosphate acquisition, redistribution, and phosphorylation, ... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Availability and requirements</title>",
"<p>US Environmental Protection Agency: <ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/cercla/05list.html\"/></p>",
"<p>University of Arizona: <ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://ag.arizona.edu/microarray/\"/></p>",
"<p>The... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We appreciate our collaborators at Edenspace Systems Corporation for their valuable cooperation, especially, Mark Elless, David Lee, and Bruce Ferguson. We thank Laura Abercrombie and Reggie Millwood for technical assistance. Funding was provided by NIH and NSF grants as wel... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Phenotype of arsenate stress in Arabidopsis.</bold> Representative <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana </italic>\"Columbia\" plants grown for 10 days on MS medium containing either (Panel A) 0 μM As (V) or (Panel B) 100 μM arsenate. C. Histogram o... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Gene ontology based on molecular function for induced genes of arsenic-treated <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana </italic>Columbia plants.</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">Molecular function</td... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p>Functional characterization of differentially expressed <italic>A. thaliana </italic>genes in response to As (V) stress.</p></caption></supplementary-material>",
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>RP, rank products; FC, fold change. Only genes upregulated above 1.5-fold and meeting a significance criteria of P < 0.001 and FDR of 1% are shown. Rank products analysis reveals that most significantly induced genes display the lowest RP value.</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2229-8-87-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2229-8-87-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2229-8-87-3\"/>"
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"<media xlink:href=\"1471-2229-8-87-S1.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"1471-2229-8-87-S2.pdf\" mimetype=\"application\" mime-subtype=\"pdf\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href... | [{"surname": ["Moore", "Fleishcher", "Woolson", "Grossblatt N"], "given-names": ["L", "M", "E"], "article-title": ["Distribution of arsenic in the Environment"], "source": ["Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants: Arsenic"], "year": ["1977"], "publisher-name": ["Washington, D.C.: National Academy of S... | {
"acronym": [],
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} | 50 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | BMC Plant Biol. 2008 Aug 6; 8:87 | oa_package/b4/c6/PMC2547109.tar.gz |
PMC2547110 | 18718028 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Widespread introduction of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) has generated renewed interest in parasite-based diagnosis of malaria. This, in turn, has led to an increase in the use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), particularly in rural settings where functional micros... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Study area and population</title>",
"<p>The study was conducted in July 2006 in Lusaka Province, Zambia. The study area is endemic for <italic>P. falciparum </italic>malaria, and laboratory diagnostic services are available to only a third of febrile patients [##UREF##3##19##].... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<title>Participant characteristics</title>",
"<p>A total of 81 CHWs were recruited for the study: 32 in the manufacturer's instructions group, 23 in the job aid-only group, and 26 in the job aid-plus-training group (Table ##TAB##0##1##). Two CHWs in the second category were excluded f... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Results of this study indicate that CHWs can prepare and interpret malaria RDTs correctly and safely when supported by clear instructions and appropriate training. Conversely, malaria control programmes cannot expect adequate performance if they rely solely on manufacturer's packa... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests by community health workers is potentially an effective alternative for malaria case management in areas with limited functional microscopy and limited health care personnel or facilities. Findings from this study show that a well-designed job... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Limitations</title>",
"<p>As always, the limitations of this research must be considered when interpreting study findings. Data came from two districts near Lusaka, so it is possible that participating CHWs were better educated and had access to more information, supplies and support than would a CHW from... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>The authors are grateful to the CHWs who participated in the two phases of this research and especially grateful to the health centre directors and district health management team members who helped with logistics and CHW recruitment. The authors also appreciate the support ... | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Manufacturer's instructions for the Paracheck Pf<sup>® </sup>rapid diagnostic test</bold>. Actual size: 6.6 × 13 cm</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p><bold>Final English version of... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Socio-demographic characteristics of community health workers (n = 79)</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">CHW characteristics [n, (%)]</td><td align=\"center\">Manufacturer's<break/>instructi... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>* Significant at <italic>p </italic>< 0.05.</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>[a] Based on observations of the 3<sup>rd </sup>febrile patient; [b] Adjusted for CHW educational status, age, gender, years working as a CHW, prior experience using an RDT, and prior experience in mal... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-160-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-160-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-160-3\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-160-4\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-160-5\"/>"
] | [] | [{"article-title": ["List of known commercially-available antigen-detecting malaria RDTs: information for national public health services and UN Agencies wishing to procure RDTs"]}, {"surname": ["Tavrow", "Knebel", "Cogswell"], "given-names": ["P", "E", "L"], "source": ["Operations Research Results: Using quality desig... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 28 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | Malar J. 2008 Aug 22; 7:160 | oa_package/81/d9/PMC2547110.tar.gz |
PMC2547111 | 18755020 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Malaria has been a major public health problem in Sri Lanka since ancient times. Several major malaria epidemics have occurred on the island. The most devastating of these was the epidemic in 1934/35 with more than five million cases and 80,000 deaths. Incidence of malaria decline... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Collection of <italic>An. culicifacies </italic>and <italic>An. subpictus </italic>mosquitoes</title>",
"<p>Adult blood-fed female <italic>An. culicifacies </italic>and <italic>An. subpictus </italic>were collected between January 2001–December 2004 using cattle baited hut trap... | [
"<title>Results</title>",
"<p>The results of adult bioassays, conducted with discriminative dosages of selected insecticides for <italic>An. culicifacies </italic>and <italic>An. subpictus </italic>populations from different districts are presented in Table ##TAB##0##1##.</p>",
"<p>All <italic>An. culicifacies ... | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Prior to 1977, DDT was the insecticide used for malaria vector control programmes in Sri Lanka. This was gradually replaced by malathion, due to island-wide development of vector resistance to DDT and concerns for the environment. DDT resistance in <italic>An. culicifacies </itali... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Genomic diversity, differential upregulation and different binding specificities of resistance conforming genes and the presence of different subspecies with varying vectorial capacities have imposed severe threats to malaria vector control programmes today. The current situation ... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Competing interests</title>",
"<p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>",
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>SHPPK and JH conceived and designed the study. MDBP conducted all the experiments. All the authors analysed the data and drafted the manuscript. All authors r... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>This work was supported by National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Map of Sri Lanka showing the study sites.</p></caption></fig>"
] | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Percentage mortalities of <italic>Anopheles culicifacies </italic>and <italic>Anopheles subpictus </italic>populations to different insecticides (n > 100 for each value)</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><t... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>Ac = <italic>An. culicifacies</italic></p><p>As = <italic>An. subpictus</italic>.</p><p>Mortality 98%–100% indicates susceptibility, 97%–80% suggests possibility of resistance that needs verification, < 80% indicate resistant [##UREF##5##11##].</p></table-wrap-foot>",
"<table-wrap-foot><p>... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1475-2875-7-168-1\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Konradsen", "Amerasinghe", "Hoek", "Amerasinghe"], "given-names": ["F", "FP", "W Van der", "PH"], "source": ["Malaria in Sri Lanka; current knowledge on transmission and control"], "year": ["2000"], "publisher-name": ["International Water management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka"]}, {"surname": ["Carter"... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 30 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | Malar J. 2008 Aug 28; 7:168 | oa_package/51/78/PMC2547111.tar.gz |
PMC2547112 | 18752674 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>The pineal region consists of the pineal body, the posterior wall of the third ventricle, tela choroidea and velum interpositum. Despite its small size, a wide variety of brain tumors can arise in the pineal region. Tumors of the pineal body may be of pineal parenchymal origin, ... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Pineal gliomas include fibrillary astrocytoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma and choroid plexus papilloma [##REF##11767290##1##]. Among these entities, well differentiated astrocytomas are the most common [##REF##1176729... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Glioblastoma in the pineal region is a very rare disease. However, in middle aged patients, a heterogeneously ring-enhanced mass in the pineal region with leptomeningeal dissemination on MR imaging can raise the suspicion of glioblastoma. Even though it is impossible to conclude t... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 68-year-old man presented with a sudden deterioration manifesting as a headache, vomiting and gait disturbance. Two months earlier, he had begun to notice intermittent headaches. Neurological testing revealed ataxic gait features and bilateral papilledema without other ne... | [
"<title/>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Non-contrast computed tomography scan showing a hypointense mass in the pineal region (A).</bold> T<sub>1</sub>-weighted sagittal <bold>(B)</bold> and gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid enhanced axial <bold>(C and D)</bold> magne... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Summary of reported cases of pineal glioblastoma multiforme</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"center\">Author/Year</td><td align=\"center\">Age/Sex</td><td align=\"center\">Symptoms</td><td align=\... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>F, female; FU, follow-up; M, male; mos, months; MR, magnetic resonance; CT, computed tomography; HA, headache; N/V, nausea & vomiting; HDC, hydrocephalus; RT, radiation therapy; N-A, not available; post., posterior; TVB, third ventriculostomy & biosy</p></table-wrap-foot>"
] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-288-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-288-2\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Kleihues", "Burger", "Aldape", "Brat", "Biernat", "Bigner", "Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK"], "given-names": ["P", "PC", "KD", "DJ", "W", "DD"], "article-title": ["Glioblastoma"], "source": ["WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous Systems"], "year": ["2007"], "edition": ["4"],... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 14 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | J Med Case Reports. 2008 Aug 27; 2:288 | oa_package/2b/4b/PMC2547112.tar.gz |
PMC2547113 | 18783598 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Nutritional optic neuropathies are uncommon and can be associated with gradual visual loss and optic atrophy or sudden vision loss and optic disc swelling. The neuropathy is characterized by bilateral reduction in visual acuity. Patients may also complain of reduced colour vision ... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Folate deficient optic neuropathy is uncommon and early recognition and treatment are important to prevent persistent visual defects [##REF##11901292##1##, ####REF##7804421##2##, ##REF##12914684##3####12914684##3##]. It is usually associated with starvation, malabsorption or exces... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In conclusion, in this case folate deficiency presented as visual abnormalities, and showed it is possible to have folate deficient optic neuropathy with no other clinical manifestation of folate deficient anaemia, and that folate deficiency can occur in the absence of excessive a... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 44-year-old woman presented to A&E with a 2-week history of bilaterally progressive painless visual deterioration. She denied any other symptoms and had been prescribed reading glasses a month previously, which she found unhelpful. Her optician referred her to the oph... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 9 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | J Med Case Reports. 2008 Sep 10; 2:299 | oa_package/f3/0d/PMC2547113.tar.gz |
PMC2547114 | 18789134 | [
"<title>Introduction</title>",
"<p>Although the occurrence of conventional lipoma in the head and neck area is relatively high, fibrolipoma is quite rare within the oral cavity, particularly in the lip. This may result in equivocal differential diagnosis on clinical grounds and for this reason, subsequent histolo... | [] | [] | [
"<title>Discussion</title>",
"<p>Fibrolipoma is a benign tumour that rarely occurs in the oral and maxillofacial region, and is classified as a variant of conventional lipoma by the WHO [##UREF##0##1##]. Overall, lipomas represent 1% to 4.4% of all benign lesions of the oral cavity, and most frequently occur in t... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>Diode laser surgery for the treatment of benign lesions of the oral mucosa appears to be a convenient alternative to conventional blade surgery and has proved to be effective for the excision of fibrolipoma of the lip. In our patient, this surgical procedure allowed conservative t... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Case presentation</title>",
"<p>A 43-year-old man was referred to the Department of Dentistry and Surgery of the University of Bari for a painless swelling of the buccal mucosa of the lower lip of 8 months duration. At clinical examination, the lesion appeared soft and well separated from the surrounding ... | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p> The authors wish to thank KaVo for technical support and for supplying the GENTLEray 980 diode laser used for the surgical procedures.</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Clinical appearance of fibrolipoma</bold>. This lesion usually presents as an asymptomatic swelling of soft consistency, mobile on the surrounding tissues.</p></caption></fig>",
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F2\"><label>Figure 2</label><c... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-301-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-301-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1752-1947-2-301-3\"/>"
] | [] | [{"surname": ["Fletcher", "Unni", "Mertens"], "given-names": ["CDM", "KK", "F"], "article-title": ["Adipocytic tumors"], "source": ["Pathology and Genetics: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone World Health Organization Classification of Tumours"], "year": ["2002"], "publisher-name": ["Lyon, France: IARC Press"], "fpage": [... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 5 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | J Med Case Reports. 2008 Sep 12; 2:301 | oa_package/98/ea/PMC2547114.tar.gz |
PMC2547115 | 18691400 | [
"<title>Background</title>",
"<p>Given a set of possible event types, an event sequence is a sequence of pairs (<italic>r, t</italic>), where <italic>r </italic>is an event type and <italic>t </italic>is the occurrence location, or time, of the event. Our focus is on measuring whether the co-localization of occur... | [
"<title>Methods</title>",
"<title>Sequences of events</title>",
"<p>Consider a data sequence (e.g., a DNA sequence or time series) containing <italic>n </italic>possible locations {1,..., <italic>n</italic>} where events can occur. Assume that there is a set <italic>R </italic>of event types, and that <italic>m... | [
"<title>Results and Discussion</title>",
"<p>Here we describe our experiments on synthetic and real event sequences. We also discuss the implications of our results on potential transcription factor binding site occurrences.</p>",
"<title>Synthetic data</title>",
"<p>Our experimental study aims to evaluate th... | [
"<title>Results and Discussion</title>",
"<p>Here we describe our experiments on synthetic and real event sequences. We also discuss the implications of our results on potential transcription factor binding site occurrences.</p>",
"<title>Synthetic data</title>",
"<p>Our experimental study aims to evaluate th... | [
"<title>Conclusion</title>",
"<p>In this paper we formally defined a number of null models, against which the significance of co-occurrence between a pair of event types can be determined in a sequence of events. The models formalize and extend the work of Levy <italic>et al</italic>. [##REF##11673231##3##] and H... | [
"<p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0\"/>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is proper... | [
"<title>Authors' contributions</title>",
"<p>All authors participated in the design of the study and provided significant contributions to the content. All authors were involved in writing and revising the manuscript.</p>",
"<title>Supplementary Material</title>"
] | [
"<title>Acknowledgements</title>",
"<p>We thank the anonymous reviewers for their excellent comments that helped to improve the original manuscript. This work was supported in part by Academy of Finland grant 118653 (ALGODAN).</p>"
] | [
"<fig position=\"float\" id=\"F1\"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p><bold>Example of burstiness in a DNA sequence</bold>. A 20 kbp region from the chromosome 1 sequence described in Results and Discussion, showing locations of matches to the Jaspar motifs. Short bursts are visible, e.g., 6 closely located matches... | [
"<table-wrap position=\"float\" id=\"T1\"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Number of significant pairs in synthetic data</p></caption><table frame=\"hsides\" rules=\"groups\"><thead><tr><td align=\"left\">Dataset</td><td align=\"center\" colspan=\"10\">Number of significant pairs</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td/><... | [
"<inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\" name=\"1471-2105-9-336-i1\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>FL</mml:mtext><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub>... | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<supplementary-material content-type=\"local-data\" id=\"S1\"><caption><title>Additional file 1</title><p><bold>Significant pairs</bold>. Significant pairs according to the FL and FL(<italic>r</italic>) null models and <italic>C </italic>score in 10 Mbp regions from chromosome 1–10, with window length <italic>w </... | [
"<table-wrap-foot><p>(1) Median number of pairs of event types, over 100 randomly generated sequences, whose co-occurrence score is significant. Results are shown for five types of synthetic datasets. (2) The number of randomizations in which the planted pair (<italic>a, b</italic>) is found significant. UL, FL, an... | [
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-336-1\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-336-2\"/>",
"<graphic xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-336-3\"/>"
] | [
"<media xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-336-S1.txt\" mimetype=\"text\" mime-subtype=\"plain\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>",
"<media xlink:href=\"1471-2105-9-336-S2.txt\" mimetype=\"text\" mime-subtype=\"plain\"><caption><p>Click here for file</p></caption></media>"
] | [{"surname": ["Mannila", "Toivonen", "Verkamo"], "given-names": ["H", "H", "AI"], "article-title": ["Discovery of frequent episodes in event sequences"], "source": ["Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery"], "year": ["1997"], "volume": ["1"], "fpage": ["259"], "lpage": ["289"]}, {"surname": ["Benjamini", "Hochberg"], "giv... | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 19 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | BMC Bioinformatics. 2008 Aug 8; 9:336 | oa_package/e7/5e/PMC2547115.tar.gz |
PMC2547147 | 0 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 0 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | J Automat Chem. 1978; 1(1):51-59 | oa_package/94/e6/PMC2547147.tar.gz |
PMC2547148 | 18927633 | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [
"<p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>"
] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | [] | {
"acronym": [],
"definition": []
} | 0 | CC BY | no | 2022-01-12 14:47:44 | J Automat Chem. 1978; 1(1):3a | oa_package/84/58/PMC2547148.tar.gz |
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