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200 | - "Around the World" (1943) also producer
- "Up in Mabel's Room" (1944)
- "Abroad with Two Yanks" (1944)
- "Getting Gertie's Garter" (1945) also screenwriter
- "Brewster's Millions" (1945)
- "Rendezvous with Annie" (1946)
- "Driftwood" (1947)
- "Calendar Girl" (1947)
- "Northwest Outpost" (1947) also associate producer... | Allan Dwan | 344 |
201 | The Inside Story" (1948)
- "Angel in Exile" (1948) (with Philip Ford)
- "Sands of Iwo Jima" (1949)
- "Surrender" (1950)
- "Belle Le Grand" (1951)
- "Wild Blue Yonder" (1951)
- "I Dream of Jeanie" (1952)
- "Montana Belle" (1952)
- "Woman They Almost Lynched" (1953)
- "Sweethearts on Parade" ( | Allan Dwan | 344 |
202 | 1953)
- "Silver Lode" (1954)
- "Passion" (1954)
- "Cattle Queen of Montana" (1954)
- "Tennessee's Partner" (1955)
- "Pearl of the South Pacific" (1955)
- "Escape to Burma" (1955)
- "Slightly Scarlet" (1956)
- "Hold Back the Night" (1956)
- "The Restless Breed" (1957)
- "The River's Edge" | Allan Dwan | 344 |
203 | (1957)
- "Enchanted Island" (1958)
- "Most Dangerous Man Alive" (1961)
See also.
- Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood
Further reading.
- Brownlow, Kevin, "The Parade's Gone By..." (1968)
- Bogdanovich, Peter, "Allan Dwan: The Last Pioneer" (1971)
- Foster, Charles, "Stardust and Shadows: Canadians in Early Hollywood"... | Allan Dwan | 344 |
204 | and the Rise and Decline of the Hollywood Studios" (2013)
Print E-book
External links.
- Allan Dwan profile, virtual-history.com; accessed 16 June 2014 | Allan Dwan | 344 |
205 | Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets, and galaxies – in either observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Exampl... | Astronomer | 580 |
206 | .
Astronomers usually fall under either of two main types: observational and theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate models of things that cannot be observed. Because it takes millions to billi... | Astronomer | 580 |
207 | simulations to theorize how different celestial objects work.
Further subcategories under these two main branches of astronomy include planetary astronomy, galactic astronomy, or physical cosmology.
Academic.
Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, whi... | Astronomer | 580 |
208 | or astronomy and are employed by research institutions or universities. They spend the majority of their time working on research, although they quite often have other duties such as teaching, building instruments, or aiding in the operation of an observatory.
The number of professional astronomers in the United States... | Astronomer | 580 |
209 | interests are closely related to astronomy. The International Astronomical Union comprises almost 10,145 members from 70 different countries who are involved in astronomical research at the Ph.D. level and beyond.
Contrary to the classical image of an old astronomer peering through a telescope through the dark hours of... | Astronomer | 580 |
210 | a common method of observation. Modern astronomers spend relatively little time at telescopes usually just a few weeks per year. Analysis of observed phenomena, along with making predictions as to the causes of what they observe, takes the majority of observational astronomers' time.
Astronomers who serve as faculty sp... | Astronomer | 580 |
211 | in maths, sciences and computing in high school. Taking courses that teach how to research, write and present papers are also invaluable. In college/university most astronomers get a Ph.D. in astronomy or physics.
Amateur astronomers.
While there is a relatively low number of professional astronomers, the field is popu... | Astronomer | 580 |
212 | and amateur astronomers as well as educators from 70 different nations. Like any hobby, most people who think of themselves as amateur astronomers may devote a few hours a month to stargazing and reading the latest developments in research. However, amateurs span the range from so-called "armchair astronomers" to the v... | Astronomer | 580 |
213 | astronomers
- List of Muslim astronomers
- List of French astronomers
- List of Hungarian astronomers
- List of Russian astronomers and astrophysicists
- List of Slovenian astronomers
External links.
- American Astronomical Society
- European Astronomical Society
- International Astronomical Union
- Astronomical Societ... | Astronomer | 580 |
214 | Agricultural science
Agricultural science is a broad multidisciplinary field of biology that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. (Veterinary science, but not animal science, is often excluded from the definition.)
Agricult... | Agricultural science | 572 |
215 | Agriculture concerns techniques, including the application of agronomic research.
- Agronomy is research and development related to studying and improving plant-based crops.
Agricultural sciences include research and development on:
- Plant Breeding and Genetics
- Plant Pathology
- Horticulture
- Soil Science
- Entomol... | Agricultural science | 572 |
216 | -sensing technologies, simulation models of crop growth, in-vitro cell culture techniques)
- Minimizing the effects of pests (weeds, insects, pathogens, nematodes) on crop or animal production systems.
- Transformation of primary products into end-consumer products (e.g., production, preservation, and packaging of dair... | Agricultural science | 572 |
217 | , sometimes termed subsistence agriculture, which feed most of the poorest people in the world. These systems are of interest as they sometimes retain a level of integration with natural ecological systems greater than that of industrial agriculture, which may be more sustainable than some modern agricultural systems.
... | Agricultural science | 572 |
218 | science, agroclimatology); biology of agricultural crops and animals (e.g. crop science, animal science and their included sciences, e.g. ruminant nutrition, farm animal welfare); such fields as agricultural economics and rural sociology; various disciplines encompassed in agricultural engineering.
Agriculture, agricul... | Agricultural science | 572 |
219 | animals, and microorganisms.
Fertilizer.
One of the most common yield reducers is because of fertilizer not being applied in slightly higher quantities during transition period, the time it takes the soil to rebuild its aggregates and organic matter. Yields will decrease temporarily because of nitrogen being immobilize... | Agricultural science | 572 |
220 | the use of gypsum (hydrated calcium sulphate) as a fertilizer.
In 1843, John Lawes and Joseph Henry Gilbert began a set of long-term field experiments at Rothamsted Research Station in England; some of them are still running.
In the United States, a scientific revolution in agriculture began with the Hatch Act of 1887,... | Agricultural science | 572 |
221 | agricultural education back to its vocational roots, but the scientific foundation had been built. After 1906, public expenditures on agricultural research in the US exceeded private expenditures for the next 44 years.
Prominent agricultural scientists.
- Robert Bakewell
- Norman Borlaug
- Luther Burbank
- George Washi... | Agricultural science | 572 |
222 | - M. S. Swaminathan
- Jethro Tull
- Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
- Eli Whitney
- Sewall Wright
- Wilbur Olin Atwater
Fields or related disciplines.
- Agricultural biotechnology
- Agricultural chemistry
- Agricultural diversification
- Agricultural education
- Agricultural economics
- Agricultural engineering
- Agricultural ... | Agricultural science | 572 |
223 | - Agronomy
- Botany
- Theoretical production ecology
- Horticulture
- Plant breeding
- Plant fertilization
- Aquaculture
- Biological engineering
- Genetic engineering
- Nematology
- Microbiology
- Plant pathology
- Range management
- Environmental science
- Entomology
- Food science
- Human nutrition
- Irrigation and ... | Agricultural science | 572 |
224 | ministry
- Agroecology
- American Society of Agronomy
- Genomics of domestication
- History of agricultural science
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
- International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development
- International Food Policy Research Institute, IFPRI
- List of agriculture ... | Agricultural science | 572 |
225 | Social Impacts in Six Countries Edited by Michelle Adato and Ruth Meinzen-Dick (2007), Johns Hopkins University Press Food Policy Report
- Claude Bourguignon, "Regenerating the Soil: From Agronomy to Agrology", Other India Press, 2005
- Pimentel David, Pimentel Marcia, "Computer les kilocalories", Cérès, n. 59, sept-oc... | Agricultural science | 572 |
226 | Brandolini Andrea, Schaefer-Pregl Ralf, Martin William, "Genetics and geography of wild cereal domestication in the Near East", in Nature, vol. 3, ju. 2002
- Saltini Antonio, "Storia delle scienze agrarie", 4 vols, Bologna 1984-89, , , ,
- Vavilov Nicolai I. (Starr Chester K. editor), "The Origin, Variation, Immunity a... | Agricultural science | 572 |
227 | , 1949–50
- Vavilov Nicolai I., "World Resources of Cereals, Leguminous Seed Crops and Flax," Academy of Sciences of Urss, National Science Foundation, Washington, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem 1960
- Winogradsky Serge, "Microbiologie du sol. Problèmes et methodes. Cinquante ans de recherches," ... | Agricultural science | 572 |
228 | Agriculture
- International Livestock Research Institute
- The National Agricultural Library (NAL) - The most comprehensive agricultural library in the world.
- Crop Science Society of America
- American Society of Agronomy
- Soil Science Society of America
- Agricultural Science Researchers, Jobs and Discussions
- Inf... | Agricultural science | 572 |
229 | Swing
Swing or swinging may refer to:
Apparatus.
- Swing (seat), a hanging seat that swings back and forth
- Russian swing, a swing-like circus apparatus
- Sex swing, a type of harness for sexual intercourse
- Swing ride, an amusement park ride consisting of suspended seats that rotate like a merry-go-round
Arts, enter... | Swing | 157629 |
230 | film directed by Oscar Micheaux
- "Swing" (1999 film), an American film by Nick Mead
- "Swing" (2002 film), a French film by Tony Gatlif
- "Swing" (2003 film), an American film by Martin Guigui
- "Swing" (2010 film), a Hindi short film
- "Swing" (2011 film), a Kuwaiti short film
Arts, entertainment, and media Music.
Ar... | Swing | 157629 |
231 | - Swing (Canadian band), a Canadian néo-trad band
- Swing (Hong Kong band), a Hong Kong pop music group
- Swing Time Records, a record label
Arts, entertainment, and media Music Albums.
- "The Swing" (INXS album), a 1984 album by Australian rock band INXS
- "Swing" (The Manhattan Transfer album), 1997 album by The Manh... | Swing | 157629 |
232 | "Swing" (EP), a 2014 album by South Korean-Chinese group, "Super Junior-M"
Arts, entertainment, and media Songs.
- "Swing" (Trace Adkins song), 2006, by Trace Adkins
- "Swing" (AMO song), a 2012 song by Slovak hip hop band AMO
- "Swing" (Savage song), 2005, by New Zealand performer Savage, released again in 2008 featur... | Swing | 157629 |
233 | , 1997, by American country music artist James Bonamy
- "Swing, Swing", 2003, by the All-American Rejects
- "Swing", 1980, by Japan from the album "Gentlemen Take Polaroids"
- "Swing", 2015, by Knuckle Puck from the album "Copacetic"
- "Swing", 2012, by Parkway Drive from the album "Atlas"
- "Swing", 2014, by Super Jun... | Swing | 157629 |
234 | Swing", 1983, by Yello
Arts, entertainment, and media Songs Styles.
- Swing (jazz performance style), the sense of propulsive rhythmic "feel" or "groove" in jazz
- Swing music, a style of jazz popular during the 1930s–1950s
Arts, entertainment, and media Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media.
- Swing (dance), a ... | Swing | 157629 |
235 | - "Swing" (video game), a 1997 video game for the PC and PlayStation
- Swing, an understudy in the musical theatre who prepares several roles
- "The Swing" (painting), a 1767 rococo painting by Jean-Honoré Fragonard
Politics.
- Swing (politics), the extent of change in voter support
- Swing (Australian politics), refer... | Swing | 157629 |
236 | Kingdom), an indication of the scale of voter change between two political parties
- Captain Swing, a name appended to several threatening letters during the rural English Swing Riots of 1830
Sports.
- Swing (boxing), a type of punch
- Baseball swing, the process of hitting a ball with a bat in the game of baseball
- G... | Swing | 157629 |
237 | fast bowling in cricket
Transportation.
- Aquilair Swing, a French ultralight trike aircraft design
- S-Wing Swing, light sport aircraft designed and built in the Czech Republic
- Swing Bike, a bicycle where both front and rear wheels are steerable
- Swing Flugsportgeräte, German aircraft manufacturer
Other uses.
- Swi... | Swing | 157629 |
238 | more days to profit from price changes
- Swinging (sexual practice), when partners in a committed relationship engage in sexual activities with others
See also.
- Swinger (disambiguation)
- Swingin' (disambiguation)
- Swings (disambiguation)
- The Swing (disambiguation) | Swing | 157629 |
239 | Albert of Aix
Albert of Aix(-la-Chapelle) or Albert of Aachen ("floruit" circa AD 1100), historian of the First Crusade, was born during the later part of the 11th century, and afterwards became canon (priest) and "custos" (guardian) of the church of Aachen.
Nothing else is known of his life except that he was the auth... | Albert of Aix | 157647 |
240 | , a work in Latin in twelve books, written between 1125 and 1150. This history begins at the time of the Council of Clermont, deals with the fortunes of the First Crusade and the earlier history of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, and ends somewhat abruptly in 1121.
The "Historia" was well known during the Middle Ages, ... | Albert of Aix | 157647 |
241 | years by most historians, including Edward Gibbon. In more recent times, its historical value has been seriously impugned, but the verdict of the best scholarship seems to be that in general it forms a true record of the events of the First Crusade, although containing some legendary matter.
Albert never visited the Ho... | Albert of Aix | 157647 |
242 | the Gesta Francorum, but used his own independent interviews; he may also have had access to the Chanson d'Antioche, as his work shares textual similarities with that poem. The first edition of the history was published at Helmstedt in 1584, and a good edition is in the "Recueil des historiens des croisades", tome iv (... | Albert of Aix | 157647 |
243 | Albert of Aachen and the Chansons de Geste" in "The Crusades and their sources: essays presented to Bernard Hamilton" ed. John France, William G. Zajac (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998) pp. 23–37.
- Albert of Aachen, "Historia Ierosolimitana", ed. and trans. S. Edgington (Oxford: Oxford Medieval Texts, 2007).
Bibliography.
- ... | Albert of Aix | 157647 |
244 | First Crusade 1095-1099", trans. S.B. Edgington (Farnham, 2013).
- Albert of Aachen, "Albert of Aachen's History of the Journey to Jerusalem, vol. 2: Books 7-12. The Early History of the Latin States 1099-1119", trans. S.B. Edgington (Farnham, 2013).
External links.
- Albert of Aix at The Latin Library (from the Patrol... | Albert of Aix | 157647 |
245 | Battle of Magenta
The Battle of Magenta was fought on 4 June 1859 during the Second Italian War of Independence, resulting in a French-Sardinian victory under Napoleon III against the Austrians under Marshal Ferencz Gyulai.
It took place near the town of Magenta in the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, a crown land of the A... | Battle of Magenta | 157656 |
246 | spread of orchards cut up by streams and irrigation canals, precluded elaborate manoeuvre. The Austrians turned every house into a miniature fortress. The brunt of the fighting was borne by 5,000 grenadiers of the French Imperial Guard, still mostly in their First Empire style of uniforms. The battle of Magenta was not... | Battle of Magenta | 157656 |
247 | of the French President of the Third French Republic.
An overwhelming majority of the French-Piedmontese coalition soldiers were French (1,100 were Piedmontese and 58,000 were French).
Aftermath.
A dye producing the colour magenta was discovered in 1859, and was named after this battle, as was the Boulevard de Magenta ... | Battle of Magenta | 157656 |
248 | Subhuman Race
Subhuman Race (stylized sUBHUMAN rACE) is the third studio album by American heavy metal band Skid Row, released on March 28, 1995, by Atlantic Records. This is the last Skid Row album with singer Sebastian Bach and drummer Rob Affuso, and the last one to be released on Atlantic. It is regarded as the ban... | Subhuman Race | 157652 |
249 | the band's compilation "", given more tender, slightly cleaner mixes to fit better with the other tracks. To promote "Subhuman Race", Skid Row supported Van Halen in North America on their "Balance" tour.
Following the album, Skid Row released a live EP titled "Subhuman Beings on Tour", featuring live performances from... | Subhuman Race | 157652 |
250 | , Mötley Crüe, Bon Jovi and The Offspring.
Skid Row has not played any songs from "Subhuman Race" since the album's tour in 1995–1996, though Bach has occasionally played them on his solo tours, including "Beat Yourself Blind", "Frozen", and the singles "My Enemy", "Into Another" and "Breakin' Down". "Beat Yourself Bli... | Subhuman Race | 157652 |
251 | " in 2018, while "Remains to Be Seen" has never been played live once.
Critical reception.
"Subhuman Race" received mixed to mostly positive reviews from music critics. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote that it saw the band "strip back their music to the basics" and was their "strongest and most vicious record t... | Subhuman Race | 157652 |
252 | hooks that burn themselves into your brain". "Q" praised both the guitars that "grumble and mutter more menacingly than ever" and Bach's "awesome vocal pyrotechnics", summarizing that "Skid Row has come up with an outright winner." Canadian journalist Martin Popoff found the album quite complex, with Skid Row "absorbin... | Subhuman Race | 157652 |
253 | prog ethic" shown in the record. Conversely, Jim Farber of "Entertainment Weekly" considered "Subhuman Race" made of "the same squealing, yowling, third-rate metal that made Skid Row pariahs in the first place", calling them an "unrepentant hair band of the ’80s" which had mangled their melodies "to get over their old ... | Subhuman Race | 157652 |
254 | and offer nothing new to a genre plagued by cliches and copycats", but remarked as "Bach's vocal bravura stands as the album's saving grace." Thomas Kupfer in his review for the German "Rock Hard" magazine wrote that "Skid Row will offend a lot of old fans with this disc", where "mediocrity dominates, the songs seem un... | Subhuman Race | 157652 |
255 | work on "Subhuman Race". In an interview in November 2006, bassist Rachel Bolan expressed his negative feelings about the album: "That record was a nightmare. Internally the band had fallen apart but we were forced to go in and do another record and it was a nightmare with the recording, writing and producing. We worke... | Subhuman Race | 157652 |
256 | genius producer but it was bad timing. I did not have the greatest time, it was nobody's fault, it was just the way things were. Also the record absolutely sucks." In a June 2018 interview on the "Rock Talk With Mitch Lafon" podcast, vocalist Sebastian Bach indicated that, despite featuring "some good tunes", the "very... | Subhuman Race | 157652 |
257 | Anger" is dated to that time, I think "Subhuman Race" might be our "St. Anger"."
Personnel.
Personnel Skid Row.
- Sebastian Bach – vocals
- Scotti Hill – guitar, backing vocals
- Dave Sabo – guitar, backing vocals
- Rachel Bolan – bass guitar, backing vocals
- Rob Affuso – drums, percussion
Personnel Production.
- Bob ... | Subhuman Race | 157652 |
258 | Dobbs, Darrin Grahn – assistant engineers
- George Marino – mastering at Sterling Sound, New York | Subhuman Race | 157652 |
259 | Rachel Bolan
Rachel Bolan (born February 9, 1966), born James Richard Southworth, is the bass guitar player and main songwriter of the metal band Skid Row. His stage name 'Rachel' is a hybrid of his brother's name, Richard, and his grandfather's name, Manuel. 'Bolan' is a tribute to one of his childhood idols, T. Rex f... | Rachel Bolan | 157659 |
260 | Jersey, founded Skid Row in 1986 with guitarist Dave "The Snake" Sabo. Bolan has appeared as a vocalist on two of Kiss guitarist Ace Frehley's solo albums and back-up vocals on Mötley Crüe's "Dr. Feelgood" album. He has produced numerous bands including Rockets to Ruin , the Luchagors in 2007 with former WWE wrestler A... | Rachel Bolan | 157659 |
261 | Idiot" on Mutiny Records in 1997. Jack Roberts (guitar) and Ray Kubian (drums), both from the New Jersey-based band Mars Needs Women, joined Prunella Scales for touring. Recently, he played the bass guitar for Stone Sour on the band's new records House of Gold & Bones - Part 1 and House of Gold & Bones – Part 2 as a re... | Rachel Bolan | 157659 |
262 | ".
Bolan has another side project called The Quazimotors. He did this project with Skid Row drummer Rob Affuso, Jonathan Callicutt and Evil Jim Wright (guitarist for Spectremen, BigFoot, Road Hawgs).
Personal life.
He married longtime girlfriend Donna "Roxxi" Feldman on June 10, 1994 but later divorced. He has no child... | Rachel Bolan | 157659 |
263 | Thomas John Barnardo
Thomas John Barnardo (4 July 184519 September 1905) was an Irish philanthropist and founder and director of homes for poor children. From the foundation of the first Barnardo's home in 1867 to the date of Barnardo's death, nearly 60,000 children had been taken in.
Although Barnardo never finished h... | Thomas John Barnardo | 157641 |
264 | fourth of five children (one died in childbirth) of John Michaelis Barnardo, a furrier who was of Sephardic Jewish descent, and his second wife, Abigail, an Englishwoman and member of the Plymouth Brethren.
In the early 1840s, John emigrated from Hamburg to Dublin, where he established a business; he married twice and ... | Thomas John Barnardo | 157641 |
265 | that was not his should belong to him. However, as he grew older, he abandoned this mindset in favour of helping the poor.
Barnardo moved to London in 1866. At that time he was interested in becoming a missionary.
Philanthropy.
In the 1860s, Barnardo opened a school in the East End of London to care for and educate chi... | Thomas John Barnardo | 157641 |
266 | ' home. By the time of his death in 1905, Barnardo's institutions cared for over 8,500 children in 96 locations.
Barnardo's work was carried on by his many supporters under the name "Dr Barnardo's Homes". Following societal changes in the mid-20th century, the charity changed its focus from the direct care of children ... | Thomas John Barnardo | 157641 |
267 | Philanthropy Controversies.
There was controversy early on with Barnardo's work. Specifically, he was accused of kidnapping children without parents' permission and of falsifying photographs of children to make the distinction between the period before they were rescued by Barnardo's and afterwards seem more dramatic. ... | Thomas John Barnardo | 157641 |
268 | kidnapping. However, being a charismatic speaker and popular figure, he rode through these scandals unscathed. Other charges brought against him included presenting staged images of children for Barnardo's 'before and after' cards and neglecting basic hygiene for the children under his care.
Barnardo's was implicated i... | Thomas John Barnardo | 157641 |
269 | under false claims of death. Although this was a legal scheme, favoured by Government and society, in many cases the children suffered harsh life conditions and many also suffered abuse. This practice went on until the 70's. This merited an apology by PM Gordon Brown in 2010.
Philanthropy The charity today.
The officia... | Thomas John Barnardo | 157641 |
270 | .
In June 1873, Barnardo married Sara Louise Elmslie (1842–1944), known as Syrie, the daughter of an underwriter for Lloyd's of London. Syrie shared her husband's interests in evangelism and social work. The couple settled at Mossford Lodge, Essex, where they had seven children, three of whom died in early childhood. A... | Thomas John Barnardo | 157641 |
271 | and later to the writer Somerset Maugham, and became a socially prominent London interior designer.
Personal life Death.
Barnardo died of angina pectoris in London on 19 September 1905, and was buried in front of Cairns House, Barkingside, Essex. The house is now the head office of the children's charity he founded, Ba... | Thomas John Barnardo | 157641 |
272 | of all financial liability and to place the entire work on a permanent basis. William Baker, formerly the chairman of the council, was selected to succeed the founder of the homes as Honorary Director.Thomas Barnardo was the author of 192 books dealing with the charitable work to which he devoted his life.
From the fou... | Thomas John Barnardo | 157641 |
273 | his charity was caring for over 8,500 children in 96 homes.
Personal life Not a Jack the Ripper suspect.
At the time of the Whitechapel murders, due to the supposed medical expertise of the Ripper, various doctors in the area were suspected. Barnardo was named a possible suspect long after his death. Ripperologist Gary... | Thomas John Barnardo | 157641 |
274 | and appearance did not match any of the descriptions of the Ripper.
See also.
- "The Likes of Us"
- Charitable organization
- Orphanage
- Ragged School Museum
- List of Freemasons
References.
- Attribution
External links.
- British Home Child Group International - research site
- IllustratedPast.com – photographs of a ... | Thomas John Barnardo | 157641 |
275 | Guibert of Nogent
Guibert de Nogent (c. 1055–1124) was a Benedictine historian, theologian and author of autobiographical memoirs. Guibert was relatively unknown in his own time, going virtually unmentioned by his contemporaries. He has only recently caught the attention of scholars who have been more interested in his... | Guibert of Nogent | 157654 |
276 | as he writes in his "Monodiae". According to his memoirs, the labour nearly cost him and his mother their lives, as Guibert turned around in the womb. Guibert's family made an offering to a shrine of the Virgin Mary, and promised that if Guibert survived, he would be dedicated to a clerical life. Since he survived, he ... | Guibert of Nogent | 157654 |
277 | , Guibert views his death as a type of blessing, stating that if his father had survived, he likely would have forced Guibert to become a knight, thus breaking the oath to the Virgin Mary to dedicate Guibert to the church. His mother was domineering, of great beauty and intelligence, and exceedingly zealous. Guibert wr... | Guibert of Nogent | 157654 |
278 | him from his peers and hired him a private tutor, from the ages of six to twelve. Guibert remembers the tutor as brutally exacting, and incompetent; nevertheless Guibert and his tutor developed a strong bond. When Guibert was around the age of twelve, his mother retired to an abbey near Saint-Germer-de-Fly (or Flay), a... | Guibert of Nogent | 157654 |
279 | which left its imprint on his works. He later changed his focus to theology, through the influence of Anselm of Bec, who later became the Archbishop of Canterbury.
In 1104, he was chosen abbot of the poor and tiny abbey of Nogent-sous-Coucy (founded 1059) and henceforth took a more prominent part in ecclesiastical affa... | Guibert of Nogent | 157654 |
280 | is his history of the First Crusade called "Dei gesta per Francos" ("God's deeds through the Franks"), finished in 1108 and touched up in 1121. The history is largely a paraphrase, in ornate style, of the "Gesta Francorum" of an anonymous Norman author; Crusade historians have traditionally not given it favourable revi... | Guibert of Nogent | 157654 |
281 | called attention to his excellent writing and original material. More importantly, the "Dei gesta" supplies us with invaluable information about the reception of the crusade in France. Guibert personally knew crusaders, had grown up with crusaders, and talked with them about their memories and experiences.
For the mode... | Guibert of Nogent | 157654 |
282 | the most interesting of his works. Written towards the close of his life, and based on the model of the "Confessions" of Saint Augustine, he traces his life from his childhood to adulthood. Throughout, he gives picturesque glimpses of his time and the customs of his country. The text is divided into three "Books." The ... | Guibert of Nogent | 157654 |
283 | provides invaluable information on daily life in castles and monasteries, on the educational methods then in vogue, and gives insights into some of the major and minor personalities of his time. His work is coloured by his passions and prejudices, which add a personal touch to the work.
For example, he was quite scepti... | Guibert of Nogent | 157654 |
284 | , clothing or other sacred objects were held at which site.
References.
- Sources
- "The Autobiography Of Guibert". C.C. Swinton Bland, translator,"The Autobiography of Guibert, Abbot of Nogent-sous-Coucy" (London: George Routledge: New York: E.P. Dutton, 1925) From Internet Archive
- "Memoirs" and from the Internet M... | Guibert of Nogent | 157654 |
285 | - "The Revolt in Laon" from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook.
- "On the First Crusade", includes Guibert's version of Pope Urban's speech and impressions of Peter the Hermit.
- "The Deeds of God through the Franks, e-text from Project Gutenburg. Translated by Robert Levine 1997.
- Books
- Paul J. Archambault (1995). "A... | Guibert of Nogent | 157654 |
286 | Self and Society in Medieval France: The Memoirs of Abbot Guibert of Nogent". A revised edition of the 1925 C.C. Swinton Bland edition, includes introduction and latest research. (1984 reprint, University of Toronto Press).
- Guibert of Nogent, "Dei Gesta per Francos", ed. R.B.C. Huygens, Corpus Christianorum, Continua... | Guibert of Nogent | 157654 |
287 | Dei per Francos' ".
- Joseph McAlhany, Jay Rubenstein, eds. (2011). "Monodies and On the Relics of Saints: the Autobiography and a Manifesto of a French Monk from the Time of the Crusades". Translated from the Latin, with introduction and notes. Penguin Classics.
- Jay Rubenstein (2002). "Guibert of Nogent: Portrait of... | Guibert of Nogent | 157654 |
288 | Funktionalisierungen von Wundererzählungen im 12. Jahrhundert" (München: Oldenbourg, 2008) (Pariser Historische Studien, 84).
- Laurence Terrier (2013). "La doctrine de l'eucharistie de Guibert de Nogent. De pigneribus Livre II. Texte et Traduction", Paris, Vrin.
- Articles
- Elizabeth Lapina, "Anti-Jewish rhetoric in ... | Guibert of Nogent | 157654 |
289 | Specific replant disease
Specific replant disease (also known as ‘Sick Soil Syndrome’) is a malady that manifests itself when susceptible plants such as apples, pears, plums, cherries and roses are placed into soil previously occupied by a related species. The exact causes are not known, but in the first year the new p... | Specific replant disease | 157658 |
290 | - fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses and other organisms. These parasitise target the living tissues of the mature tree, hastening senility and death, and survive in the soil and decaying roots after the tree has died. Putting a young traumatised tree with an immature root system into this 'broth' of pathogens can be ... | Specific replant disease | 157658 |
291 | , which by its nature will be relatively inefficient. As a rule, replant disease persists for around fifteen years in the soil, although this varies with local conditions. Pathogens survive in dead wood and organic matter until exposed to predation by their home rotting away, and will also depend on whether the origina... | Specific replant disease | 157658 |
292 | like’ and this rule applies to long lived trees as much as annual vegetables. In the case of temperate fruit trees, the 'Pomes and Stones' rule for rotation should be observed- don’t follow a ‘pome’ fruit (with an apple-type core—apples, pears, medlar, quince) with a tree from the same group. A ‘stone’ fruit (i.e., wit... | Specific replant disease | 157658 |
293 | and vice versa. However, rotation is not always easy in a well planned old orchard when the site it occupies may well be the best available, and starting another orchard elsewhere may not be practical. In this case, and replanting is
unavoidable, a large hole should be dug out, and the soil removed and replaced with ‘c... | Specific replant disease | 157658 |
294 | in large containers with a large root ball may also have a better chance of resisting replant disease. The extra time to cropping may be offset if new trees are planted a few years in advance of old trees finally falling over, furthermore, if the old orchard was grubbed - i.e. trees were healthy when removed, it is unl... | Specific replant disease | 157658 |
295 | therefore be at a higher level in the soil.
Soil fumigation is another common method employed to control replant disease in both apple and cherry trees. Throughout the 90's, fumigants like Methyl Bromide (Bromomethane) were commonly used in this way to control and treat the disease, through this was later phased out in... | Specific replant disease | 157658 |
296 | Godfrey of Bouillon
Godfrey of Bouillon (, , , ; 18 September 1060 – 18 July 1100) was a Frankish knight and one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until its conclusion in 1099. He was the Lord of Bouillon, from which he took his byname, from 1076 and the Duke of Lower Lorraine from 1087. After the successfu... | Godfrey of Bouillon | 157639 |
297 | true King of Jerusalem was Jesus Christ, preferring the title of Advocate (i.e., protector or defender) of the Holy Sepulchre (Latin: "Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri"). He is also known as the "Baron of the Holy Sepulchre" and the "Crusader King".
Early life.
Godfrey of Bouillon was born around 1060 as the second son of Eu... | Godfrey of Bouillon | 157639 |
298 | probably Boulogne-sur-Mer, although one 13th-century chronicler cites Baisy, a town in what is now Walloon Brabant, Belgium.
As second son, he had fewer opportunities than his older brother and seemed destined to become just one more minor knight in service to a rich landed nobleman. However his maternal uncle, Godfrey... | Godfrey of Bouillon | 157639 |
299 | time, serving as a buffer between the kingdom of France and the German lands.
In fact, Lower Lorraine was so important to the German kingdom and the Holy Roman Empire that Henry IV, the German king and future emperor (reigned 1084–1105), decided in 1076 that he would place it in the hands of his own son and give Godfre... | Godfrey of Bouillon | 157639 |