Datasets:

electricsheepafrica
/

africa-crypto-regulatory-gap

Error code:   DatasetGenerationCastError
Exception:    DatasetGenerationCastError
Message:      An error occurred while generating the dataset

All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 6 new columns ({'pqc_standard', 'body', 'migration_deadline', 'source', 'jurisdiction', 'classical_deprecation'}) and 9 missing columns ({'country', 'pqc_guidance_published', 'national_cybersec_strategy', 'gap_score', 'data_protection_law', 'iso3', 'central_bank_crypto_circular', 'notes', 'country_code'}).

This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using

hf://datasets/electricsheepafrica/africa-crypto-regulatory-gap/ds5_global_pqc_baseline.csv (at revision c72c5cc74fb34aa1fb6c10b07c0a2f8d0ebf783b), [/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/45269608778733-config-parquet-and-info-electricsheepafrica-afric-8bf8d110/hub/datasets--electricsheepafrica--africa-crypto-regulatory-gap/snapshots/c72c5cc74fb34aa1fb6c10b07c0a2f8d0ebf783b/ds5_country_regulatory_gap.csv (origin=hf://datasets/electricsheepafrica/africa-crypto-regulatory-gap@c72c5cc74fb34aa1fb6c10b07c0a2f8d0ebf783b/ds5_country_regulatory_gap.csv), /tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/45269608778733-config-parquet-and-info-electricsheepafrica-afric-8bf8d110/hub/datasets--electricsheepafrica--africa-crypto-regulatory-gap/snapshots/c72c5cc74fb34aa1fb6c10b07c0a2f8d0ebf783b/ds5_global_pqc_baseline.csv (origin=hf://datasets/electricsheepafrica/africa-crypto-regulatory-gap@c72c5cc74fb34aa1fb6c10b07c0a2f8d0ebf783b/ds5_global_pqc_baseline.csv)]

Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1800, in _prepare_split_single
                  writer.write_table(table)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 765, in write_table
                  self._write_table(pa_table, writer_batch_size=writer_batch_size)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 773, in _write_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self._schema)
                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2321, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2249, in cast_table_to_schema
                  raise CastError(
              datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
              body: string
              jurisdiction: string
              pqc_standard: string
              classical_deprecation: string
              migration_deadline: string
              source: string
              -- schema metadata --
              pandas: '{"index_columns": [{"kind": "range", "name": null, "start": 0, "' + 1005
              to
              {'country_code': Value('string'), 'country': Value('string'), 'iso3': Value('string'), 'data_protection_law': Value('string'), 'national_cybersec_strategy': Value('string'), 'central_bank_crypto_circular': Value('string'), 'pqc_guidance_published': Value('bool'), 'gap_score': Value('int64'), 'notes': Value('string')}
              because column names don't match
              
              During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1348, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
                                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 980, in convert_to_parquet
                  builder.download_and_prepare(
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 882, in download_and_prepare
                  self._download_and_prepare(
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 943, in _download_and_prepare
                  self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1646, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1802, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationCastError.from_cast_error(
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationCastError: An error occurred while generating the dataset
              
              All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 6 new columns ({'pqc_standard', 'body', 'migration_deadline', 'source', 'jurisdiction', 'classical_deprecation'}) and 9 missing columns ({'country', 'pqc_guidance_published', 'national_cybersec_strategy', 'gap_score', 'data_protection_law', 'iso3', 'central_bank_crypto_circular', 'notes', 'country_code'}).
              
              This happened while the csv dataset builder was generating data using
              
              hf://datasets/electricsheepafrica/africa-crypto-regulatory-gap/ds5_global_pqc_baseline.csv (at revision c72c5cc74fb34aa1fb6c10b07c0a2f8d0ebf783b), [/tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/45269608778733-config-parquet-and-info-electricsheepafrica-afric-8bf8d110/hub/datasets--electricsheepafrica--africa-crypto-regulatory-gap/snapshots/c72c5cc74fb34aa1fb6c10b07c0a2f8d0ebf783b/ds5_country_regulatory_gap.csv (origin=hf://datasets/electricsheepafrica/africa-crypto-regulatory-gap@c72c5cc74fb34aa1fb6c10b07c0a2f8d0ebf783b/ds5_country_regulatory_gap.csv), /tmp/hf-datasets-cache/medium/datasets/45269608778733-config-parquet-and-info-electricsheepafrica-afric-8bf8d110/hub/datasets--electricsheepafrica--africa-crypto-regulatory-gap/snapshots/c72c5cc74fb34aa1fb6c10b07c0a2f8d0ebf783b/ds5_global_pqc_baseline.csv (origin=hf://datasets/electricsheepafrica/africa-crypto-regulatory-gap@c72c5cc74fb34aa1fb6c10b07c0a2f8d0ebf783b/ds5_global_pqc_baseline.csv)]
              
              Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)

Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.

country_code string	country string	iso3 string	data_protection_law null	national_cybersec_strategy null	central_bank_crypto_circular null	pqc_guidance_published bool	gap_score int64	notes string
DZ	Algeria	DZA	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
AO	Angola	AGO	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
BJ	Benin	BEN	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
BW	Botswana	BWA	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
BF	Burkina Faso	BFA	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
BI	Burundi	BDI	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
CV	Cabo Verde	CPV	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
CM	Cameroon	CMR	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
CF	Central African Republic	CAF	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
TD	Chad	TCD	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
KM	Comoros	COM	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
CG	Congo (Brazzaville)	COG	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
CD	Congo (Kinshasa)	COD	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
CI	Côte d'Ivoire	CIV	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
DJ	Djibouti	DJI	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
GQ	Equatorial Guinea	GNQ	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
ER	Eritrea	ERI	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
SZ	Eswatini	SWZ	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
ET	Ethiopia	ETH	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
GA	Gabon	GAB	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
GM	Gambia	GMB	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
GN	Guinea	GIN	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
GW	Guinea-Bissau	GNB	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
LS	Lesotho	LSO	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
LR	Liberia	LBR	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
LY	Libya	LBY	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
MG	Madagascar	MDG	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
MW	Malawi	MWI	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
ML	Mali	MLI	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
MR	Mauritania	MRT	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
MU	Mauritius	MUS	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
MZ	Mozambique	MOZ	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
null	Namibia	NAM	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
NE	Niger	NER	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
SC	Seychelles	SYC	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
SL	Sierra Leone	SLE	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
SO	Somalia	SOM	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
SS	South Sudan	SSD	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
SD	Sudan	SDN	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
ST	São Tomé and Príncipe	STP	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
TG	Togo	TGO	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
TN	Tunisia	TUN	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
ZM	Zambia	ZMB	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
ZW	Zimbabwe	ZWE	null	null	null	false	100	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
TZ	Tanzania	TZA	null	null	null	false	88	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
UG	Uganda	UGA	null	null	null	false	88	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
EG	Egypt	EGY	null	null	null	false	70	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
GH	Ghana	GHA	null	null	null	false	70	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
KE	Kenya	KEN	null	null	null	false	70	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
MA	Morocco	MAR	null	null	null	false	70	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
NG	Nigeria	NGA	null	null	null	false	70	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
RW	Rwanda	RWA	null	null	null	false	70	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
SN	Senegal	SEN	null	null	null	false	70	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
ZA	South Africa	ZAF	null	null	null	false	70	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields conservative, pending Phase-2 framework synthesis
null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null
null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null
null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null
null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null
null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null
null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null	null

Africa Cryptographic Regulatory Gap

Electric Sheep Africa · Post-Quantum Cryptographic Exposure cluster · dataset DS-5 · v0.1

African digital infrastructure is being recorded by state actors today under the assumption it will be decryptable once quantum computers arrive (2030–2035 per NIST/NCSC/ENISA). This dataset is one dimension of the Africa-specific evidence for that claim.

What this dataset answers

How far is each African jurisdiction from post-quantum regulatory readiness against the global NIST/NCSC/ENISA baseline?

Key findings (v0.1)

0 of 54 African countries have published post-quantum cryptography migration guidance.
Global peers all have dated plans: NIST/NCSC 2035 (deprecate RSA/ECC from 2030), ENISA and Australia 2030, Canada 2031–2035.
Median African gap score is 100/100 (70+ denotes no PQC guidance).

Files

`ds5_country_regulatory_gap.csv` (54 rows)

Column	Example
`country_code`	DZ
`country`	Algeria
`iso3`	DZA
`data_protection_law`	nan
`national_cybersec_strategy`	nan
`central_bank_crypto_circular`	nan
`pqc_guidance_published`	False
`gap_score`	100
`notes`	seed v0.1 — pqc_guidance=False is documented; other fields c…

`ds5_global_pqc_baseline.csv` (6 rows)

Column	Example
`body`	NIST
`jurisdiction`	United States
`pqc_standard`	ML-KEM/ML-DSA/SLH-DSA finalized Aug 2024
`classical_deprecation`	RSA/ECC deprecated from 2030
`migration_deadline`	2035
`source`	FIPS 203/204/205

Method

All 54 African states scored against the global PQC baseline. pqc_guidance_published is the documented finding (none as of 2026); data-protection and cybersecurity-strategy fields are a conservative seed pending the full LLM-assisted framework synthesis. A gap score weights absence of PQC guidance heaviest.

Sources

ESA desk research; NIST FIPS 203/204/205; NCSC, ENISA, BSI, CCCS, ASD published timelines.

Limitations

v0.1 seed. The data-protection and strategy columns are conservative; the pqc_guidance=False finding is documented. Full per-country framework synthesis is the Phase-2 extension.

How to cite

Electric Sheep Africa (2026). Africa Cryptographic Regulatory Gap (africa-crypto-regulatory-gap). African Cryptographic Exposure & Post-Quantum Risk dataset cluster. Hugging Face. https://huggingface.co/datasets/electricsheepafrica/africa-crypto-regulatory-gap

@dataset{esa_africa_crypto_regulatory_gap_2026,
  title  = {Africa Cryptographic Regulatory Gap},
  author = {Electric Sheep Africa},
  year   = {2026},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  url    = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/electricsheepafrica/africa-crypto-regulatory-gap}
}

Part of the cluster

This is one of eight datasets in the African Cryptographic Exposure & Post-Quantum Risk cluster by Electric Sheep Africa. The others cover TLS deployment, certificate-authority dependency, algorithm inventory, submarine cable topology, IXP/routing exposure, the regulatory gap, incident history, and PQC migration cost. See the collection on the electricsheepafrica org page.

Methodology & ethics

All collection is passive and uses public data, or standard TLS handshakes against publicly reachable endpoints (the same a browser performs). No interception, no exploitation, no private access. Figures are v0.1 and reproducible from the open collector code.