Datasets:

electricsheepafrica
/

africa-synth-mental-health-fluoride-fluorosis-all

record_id string	scenario string	year int64	setting string	age int64	sex string	is_child int64	water_source string	fluoride_mgL float64	above_who_1_5 int64	above_4 int64	defluoridation int64	alternative_water int64	effective_fluoride_mgL float64	exposure_years int64	dental_fluorosis int64	dean_index string	skeletal_fluorosis int64	skeletal_stage string	joint_pain int64	bone_deformity int64	dental_caries int64	social_stigma int64	thyroid_effect int64	fluoride_aware int64	bone_char_filter int64	rainwater_harvesting int64
RIF-00000	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,022	rural_rift	38	female	0	deep_borehole	5.47	1	1	0	0	5.47	22	1	severe	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00001	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,020	peri_urban	12	female	1	piped	1.95	1	0	0	1	0.59	10	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00002	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,016	rural_rift	45	male	0	shallow_well	7.88	1	1	0	0	7.88	25	1	moderate	0	none	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1
RIF-00003	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,022	peri_urban	1	female	1	shallow_well	4.12	1	1	0	0	4.12	5	1	mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
RIF-00004	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,017	rural_rift	21	female	0	deep_borehole	7.08	1	1	0	0	7.08	12	1	mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
RIF-00005	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,017	rural_rift	25	male	0	spring	4.67	1	1	0	0	4.67	9	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00006	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,022	peri_urban	8	male	1	deep_borehole	9	1	1	0	0	9	6	1	moderate	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00007	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,011	rural_rift	28	female	0	deep_borehole	13.93	1	1	0	0	13.93	14	1	questionable	0	none	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00008	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,018	rural_rift	32	female	0	shallow_well	2.83	1	0	0	0	2.83	21	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00009	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,012	peri_urban	24	female	0	spring	3.53	1	0	0	1	1.06	13	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00010	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,024	rural_rift	22	male	0	surface	1.09	0	0	0	0	1.09	16	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00011	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,015	peri_urban	17	male	0	deep_borehole	5.68	1	1	0	0	5.68	20	0	normal	1	none	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00012	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,022	urban	24	male	0	deep_borehole	5.33	1	1	0	0	5.33	16	1	very_mild	1	stage_2	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00013	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,024	rural_rift	19	female	0	spring	4.49	1	1	0	1	1.35	14	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
RIF-00014	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,024	peri_urban	9	female	1	shallow_well	6.24	1	1	0	0	6.24	3	1	very_mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00015	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,017	peri_urban	1	male	1	deep_borehole	2.32	1	0	0	0	2.32	0	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00016	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,024	rural_rift	18	male	0	deep_borehole	4.15	1	1	0	1	1.24	14	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00017	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,023	urban	30	male	0	deep_borehole	15.04	1	1	0	1	4.51	15	0	normal	1	stage_2	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00018	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,022	peri_urban	25	female	0	deep_borehole	5.56	1	1	0	0	5.56	16	1	normal	1	none	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00019	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,015	rural_rift	6	male	1	surface	5.04	1	1	0	0	5.04	12	1	moderate	0	none	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
RIF-00020	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,012	peri_urban	38	female	0	deep_borehole	4.77	1	1	0	0	4.77	34	1	mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
RIF-00021	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,019	peri_urban	1	female	1	spring	15.5	1	1	0	0	15.5	3	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00022	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,023	peri_urban	29	male	0	deep_borehole	6.54	1	1	0	0	6.54	19	1	very_mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00023	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,024	rural_rift	66	female	0	deep_borehole	3.63	1	0	1	0	1.09	38	1	very_mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00024	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,022	rural_rift	1	female	1	deep_borehole	8.17	1	1	0	0	8.17	1	1	moderate	0	none	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
RIF-00025	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,020	rural_rift	22	male	0	shallow_well	1.77	1	0	0	1	0.53	19	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00026	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,010	rural_rift	49	female	0	piped	0.89	0	0	0	0	0.89	38	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00027	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,010	urban	1	male	1	deep_borehole	2.36	1	0	0	0	2.36	0	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00028	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,021	peri_urban	45	male	0	shallow_well	19.59	1	1	0	0	19.59	32	1	questionable	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00029	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,015	rural_rift	19	male	0	deep_borehole	6.38	1	1	0	0	6.38	14	1	mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00030	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,023	urban	23	female	0	spring	2.75	1	0	0	0	2.75	19	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
RIF-00031	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,013	rural_rift	1	male	1	piped	6.49	1	1	0	0	6.49	0	1	severe	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00032	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,020	rural_rift	39	female	0	deep_borehole	9.37	1	1	0	0	9.37	22	0	normal	1	none	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
RIF-00033	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,017	rural_rift	8	female	1	deep_borehole	7.81	1	1	0	0	7.81	0	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00034	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,011	rural_rift	37	male	0	piped	3.08	1	0	0	0	3.08	24	1	moderate	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00035	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,023	peri_urban	11	male	1	deep_borehole	3.17	1	0	0	0	3.17	0	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00036	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,020	rural_rift	20	female	0	spring	4.07	1	1	0	0	4.07	23	1	very_mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00037	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,016	rural_rift	1	female	1	shallow_well	5.92	1	1	0	0	5.92	0	1	very_mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00038	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,010	rural_rift	29	female	0	spring	2.04	1	0	0	1	0.61	17	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
RIF-00039	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,020	rural_rift	15	female	0	spring	0.92	0	0	0	0	0.92	8	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00040	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,013	rural_rift	34	female	0	piped	2.82	1	0	0	0	2.82	26	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00041	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,023	rural_rift	21	male	0	deep_borehole	6.25	1	1	0	0	6.25	20	1	severe	0	none	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
RIF-00042	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,018	peri_urban	39	female	0	deep_borehole	8.98	1	1	0	0	8.98	29	1	mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00043	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,023	peri_urban	16	female	0	deep_borehole	3.71	1	0	0	0	3.71	15	0	normal	1	none	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00044	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,018	rural_rift	20	male	0	deep_borehole	2.53	1	0	0	0	2.53	12	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
RIF-00045	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,018	rural_rift	1	male	1	spring	4.67	1	1	0	0	4.67	0	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
RIF-00046	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,012	rural_rift	21	female	0	deep_borehole	8.8	1	1	0	0	8.8	19	1	very_mild	0	none	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00047	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,023	rural_rift	19	male	0	shallow_well	11.07	1	1	0	0	11.07	16	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
RIF-00048	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,013	peri_urban	55	female	0	deep_borehole	12.87	1	1	0	0	12.87	33	1	very_mild	0	none	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
RIF-00049	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,023	urban	21	female	0	deep_borehole	2.08	1	0	0	0	2.08	5	1	very_mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00050	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,019	peri_urban	31	female	0	spring	4.56	1	1	0	0	4.56	22	1	mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00051	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,012	urban	16	male	0	piped	1.11	0	0	0	0	1.11	11	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00052	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,022	peri_urban	4	female	1	piped	1.99	1	0	0	0	1.99	1	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00053	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,016	rural_rift	75	female	0	shallow_well	3.88	1	0	0	0	3.88	50	1	normal	1	stage_1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00054	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,011	peri_urban	26	male	0	deep_borehole	3.76	1	0	0	0	3.76	19	1	severe	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
RIF-00055	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,022	urban	29	female	0	surface	0.7	0	0	0	0	0.7	18	1	moderate	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00056	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,012	urban	12	female	1	deep_borehole	6.57	1	1	0	0	6.57	16	0	normal	1	stage_2	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00057	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,017	rural_rift	13	female	1	piped	3.62	1	0	0	0	3.62	7	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00058	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,018	peri_urban	32	male	0	deep_borehole	6.84	1	1	0	0	6.84	23	1	normal	0	none	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00059	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,017	rural_rift	18	male	0	surface	0.12	0	0	0	0	0.12	14	0	normal	0	none	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00060	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,021	peri_urban	54	female	0	shallow_well	4.88	1	1	0	0	4.88	34	1	normal	1	stage_1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00061	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,017	peri_urban	1	male	1	surface	1.76	1	0	0	0	1.76	3	1	moderate	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00062	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,015	urban	57	female	0	shallow_well	8.55	1	1	0	0	8.55	44	1	questionable	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
RIF-00063	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,020	rural_rift	2	male	1	spring	2.41	1	0	0	0	2.41	0	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00064	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,018	peri_urban	18	female	0	deep_borehole	10.39	1	1	0	0	10.39	10	1	questionable	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00065	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,018	rural_rift	26	male	0	deep_borehole	7.31	1	1	0	0	7.31	11	1	mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00066	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,019	rural_rift	51	female	0	piped	2.4	1	0	0	0	2.4	42	1	mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
RIF-00067	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,013	rural_rift	48	female	0	surface	1.78	1	0	0	0	1.78	33	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00068	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,013	rural_rift	14	female	1	spring	3.16	1	0	0	0	3.16	17	1	severe	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00069	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,016	peri_urban	1	female	1	shallow_well	14.16	1	1	0	0	14.16	0	1	moderate	0	none	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	1
RIF-00070	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,017	peri_urban	21	female	0	piped	2.11	1	0	0	0	2.11	13	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
RIF-00071	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,014	peri_urban	23	female	0	shallow_well	1.23	0	0	0	0	1.23	19	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
RIF-00072	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,024	rural_rift	14	male	1	deep_borehole	14.02	1	1	0	0	14.02	3	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00073	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,010	rural_rift	4	female	1	deep_borehole	4.71	1	1	0	0	4.71	3	1	very_mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
RIF-00074	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,013	urban	31	male	0	piped	5.06	1	1	0	1	1.52	31	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
RIF-00075	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,011	rural_rift	16	male	0	deep_borehole	3.12	1	0	0	1	0.94	22	1	very_mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00076	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,011	rural_rift	1	female	1	deep_borehole	4.85	1	1	0	0	4.85	4	1	questionable	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00077	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,024	rural_rift	26	male	0	shallow_well	7.45	1	1	0	0	7.45	24	1	questionable	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00078	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,015	rural_rift	52	male	0	spring	3.22	1	0	0	0	3.22	45	1	mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00079	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,014	urban	36	female	0	spring	13.79	1	1	0	0	13.79	22	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
RIF-00080	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,017	rural_rift	29	male	0	piped	4.45	1	1	0	0	4.45	18	1	very_mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
RIF-00081	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,016	rural_rift	36	female	0	shallow_well	2.49	1	0	0	0	2.49	23	1	mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00082	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,023	rural_rift	31	male	0	spring	3.38	1	0	0	0	3.38	22	1	very_mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
RIF-00083	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,011	urban	29	female	0	surface	2.38	1	0	0	0	2.38	16	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00084	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,010	peri_urban	41	female	0	deep_borehole	2.02	1	0	0	1	0.61	38	1	very_mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00085	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,017	rural_rift	1	male	1	deep_borehole	2.27	1	0	0	0	2.27	5	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00086	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,012	peri_urban	35	female	0	piped	5.9	1	1	0	0	5.9	23	1	questionable	1	none	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00087	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,010	rural_rift	1	female	1	deep_borehole	7.48	1	1	0	0	7.48	0	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00088	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,013	urban	65	female	0	surface	0.83	0	0	0	0	0.83	50	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00089	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,015	peri_urban	8	male	1	deep_borehole	8.43	1	1	0	0	8.43	1	1	very_mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00090	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,017	rural_rift	1	male	1	shallow_well	25.47	1	1	0	0	25.47	0	1	moderate	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00091	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,016	peri_urban	42	female	0	deep_borehole	9.99	1	1	0	0	9.99	22	1	mild	1	none	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00092	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,012	urban	17	male	0	deep_borehole	5.42	1	1	0	0	5.42	7	1	very_mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00093	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,021	rural_rift	5	female	1	spring	2.19	1	0	0	0	2.19	10	1	very_mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00094	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,015	rural_rift	26	male	0	deep_borehole	1.54	1	0	0	0	1.54	24	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00095	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,023	urban	17	male	0	deep_borehole	1.12	0	0	0	0	1.12	13	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00096	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,022	urban	8	female	1	piped	2.95	1	0	0	0	2.95	4	1	very_mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00097	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,011	urban	18	female	0	spring	8.58	1	1	0	0	8.58	10	1	mild	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00098	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,017	rural_rift	21	female	0	deep_borehole	2.07	1	0	1	0	0.62	3	1	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
RIF-00099	rift_valley_high_fluoride	2,016	peri_urban	1	male	1	deep_borehole	1.89	1	0	0	0	1.89	0	0	normal	0	none	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

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⚠️ Synthetic dataset — Parameterized from published SSA literature, not real observations. Not suitable for empirical analysis or policy inference.

Fluoride in Drinking Water & Fluorosis in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

Synthetic dataset modelling fluoride exposure from groundwater and dental/skeletal fluorosis across three hydrogeological scenarios in SSA. ~8 million in Ethiopian Rift Valley affected; fluoride ranges 0.45-38.59 mg/L in Tanzania. WHO guideline is 1.5 mg/L.

Scenarios

Rift Valley High Fluoride: East African Rift with mean fluoride ~5 mg/L; 55% dental fluorosis.
Moderate Geogenic: Areas with ~2 mg/L; 30% dental fluorosis.
Low Fluoride Control: Urban/piped water with ~0.5 mg/L; low fluorosis but higher caries.

Parameterization Evidence

Parameter	Value	Source	Year
~8M people affected in Ethiopian Rift Valley	Burden	PMC6794803	2019
Fluoride 0.45-38.59 mg/L in Northern Tanzania	Range	PMC10749641	2023
400M+ in Africa depend on groundwater	Context	PubMed 32525728	2020
WHO guideline 1.5 mg/L	Standard	WHO	2017

Validation

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("electricsheepafrica/fluoride-fluorosis", "rift_valley_high_fluoride")

References

PMC6794803. Fluoride in groundwater and dental fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift Valley. 2019.
PMC10749641. Skeletal fluorosis prevalence in Northern Tanzania. 2023.
PubMed 32525728. Fluoride sources and health implications in Africa. 2020.

Citation

@dataset{electricsheepafrica_fluoride_fluorosis_2025,
  title={Fluoride in Drinking Water and Fluorosis in Sub-Saharan Africa},
  author={Electric Sheep Africa},
  year={2025},
  publisher={HuggingFace},
  url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/electricsheepafrica/fluoride-fluorosis}
}

License

CC-BY-4.0

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