Datasets:

lightonai
/

hotpotqa-decontaminated

_id stringlengths 3 8	title stringlengths 1 219	text stringlengths 0 7.82k
340	Alain Connes	Alain Connes (] ; born 1 April 1947) is a French mathematician, currently Professor at the Collège de France, IHÉS, Ohio State University and Vanderbilt University. He was an Invited Professor at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (2000).
359	List of Atlas Shrugged characters	This is a list of characters in Ayn Rand's novel "Atlas Shrugged."
590	Austin (disambiguation)	Austin is the capital of Texas in the United States.
600	Andorra	Andorra ( ; ] , ] ), officially the Principality of Andorra (Catalan: "Principat d'Andorra" ), also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra (Catalan: "Principat de les Valls d'Andorra" ), is a sovereign landlocked microstate in Southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spa...
632	Aberdeen (disambiguation)	Aberdeen is a city in Scotland, United Kingdom.
679	Animal (disambiguation)	An animal is a multicellular, eukaryotic organism of the kingdom Animalia or Metazoa.
690	Aruba	Aruba ( ; ] ) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the southern Caribbean Sea, located about 1600 km west of the main part of the Lesser Antilles and 29 km north of the coast of Venezuela. It measures 32 km long from its northwestern to its southeastern end and 10 km across at its widest point....
708	Transport in Angola	Transport in Angola comprises:
734	Actinopterygii	Actinopterygii , or the ray-finned fishes, constitute a class or subclass of the bony fishes.
742	Algorithms (journal)	Algorithms is a peer-reviewed open access mathematics journal concerning design, analysis, and experiments on algorithms. The journal is published by MDPI and was established in 2008 by founding editor-in-chief is Kazuo Iwama. Its current editor-in-chief is Henning Fernau.
780	Atlas (disambiguation)	An atlas is a collection of maps.
803	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic: العَرَبِيَّة‎ ‎ , "al-ʻarabiyyah " ] or Arabic: عَرَبِيّ‎ ‎ "ʻarabī " ] or ] ) is a Central Semitic language complex that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the "lingua franca" of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mes...
824	Altaic languages	Altaic ( ) is a proposed language family of central Eurasia and Siberia, now widely seen as discredited.
825	Austrian German	Austrian German (German: "Österreichisches Deutsch" ), Austrian Standard German, Standard Austrian German (German: "Österreichisches Standarddeutsch" ) or Austrian High German (German: "Österreichisches Hochdeutsch" ), is the variety of Standard German written and spoken in Austria. It has the highest sociolinguistic p...
846	Museum of Work	The Museum of Work, or "Arbetets museum", is a museum located in Norrköping, Sweden. The museum can be found in the 20th century building "The Iron" in the Motala ström river in central Norrköping.
851	Alfred Nobel	Alfred Bernhard Nobel ( ; ] ; 21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, businessman, and philanthropist.
857	Aberdeenshire	Aberdeenshire (Scottish Gaelic: "Siorrachd Obar Dheathain" ) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland.
875	Analog Brothers	Analog Brothers were an experimental hip-hop crew featuring Ice Oscillator also known as Ice-T (keyboards, drums, vocals), Keith Korg also known as Kool Keith (bass, strings, vocals), Mark Moog also known as Marc Live (drums, "violyns" and vocals), Silver Synth also known as Black Silver (synthesizer, lazar bell and vo...
885	Altenberg	Altenberg (German for "old mountain") may refer to:
910	Arne Kaijser	Arne Kaijser (born 1950) is a professor of History of Technology at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and the head of the university's department of History of science and technology.
925	Asociación Alumni	Asociación Alumni, usually just Alumni, is a rugby union club located in Tortuguitas, Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. The senior squad currently competes at Grupo I, the first division of Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires league system.
953	Azincourt	Azincourt (] ; historically, Agincourt in English) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France.
984	Agatha Christie	Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, DBE ("née" Miller; 15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976) was an English crime novelist, short story writer and playwright. She is best known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, particularly those revolving around her fictional detectives Hercule ...
991	Absolute value	In mathematics, the absolute value or modulus \|"x"\| of a real number x is the non-negative value of x without regard to its sign. Namely, \|"x"\| = "x" for a positive x , \|"x"\| = −"x" for a negative x (in which case −"x" is positive), and \|0\| = 0 . For example, the absolute value of 3 is 3, and the absolute value of −3 i...
1000	Hercule Poirot	Hercule Poirot ( ; ] ) is a fictional Belgian detective, created by Agatha Christie. Poirot is one of Christie's most famous and long-lived characters, appearing in 33 novels, one play ("Black Coffee"), and more than 50 short stories published between 1920 and 1975.
1004	April	April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar, the fifth in the early Julian and the first month to have the length of 30 days.
1008	April 6	April 6 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1009	April 12	April 12 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1010	April 15	April 15 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1011	April 30	April 30 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1012	August 22	August 22 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1013	August 27	August 27 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1018	Algebraically closed field	In abstract algebra, an algebraically closed field "F" contains a root for every non-constant polynomial in "F"["x"], the ring of polynomials in the variable "x" with coefficients in "F".
1019	August 6	August 6 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1022	Auto racing	Auto racing (also known as car racing, motor racing, or automobile racing) is a sport involving the racing of automobiles for competition.
1027	August 9	August 9 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1038	Aarhus	Aarhus (] ; officially spelled Århus from 1948 until 31 December 2010) is the second-largest city in Denmark and the seat of Aarhus municipality. It is located on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula, in the geographical centre of Denmark, 187 km northwest of Copenhagen and 289 km north of Hamburg, Germany. The inne...
1049	Amateur	An amateur (French "amateur" "lover of", from Old French and ultimately from Latin "amatorem" nom. "amator", "lover") is generally considered a person attached to a particular pursuit, study, or science in a non-professional or unpaid manner.
1129	August 13	August 13 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1154	August 2	August 2 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1155	Atlantic (disambiguation)	The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans.
1169	APL	APL is an abbreviation, acronym, or initialism that may refer to:
1174	Aphrodite	Aphrodite ( ; Greek: Ἀφροδίτη "Aphrodite") is the Greek goddess of love, beauty, pleasure, and procreation. She is identified with the planet Venus; her Roman equivalent is the goddess Venus . Myrtle, roses, doves, sparrows and swans were sacred to her.
1175	April 1	April 1 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1182	Athena	Athena ( ; Attic Greek: Ἀθηνᾶ , "Athēnā", or Ἀθηναία , "Athēnaia"; Epic: Ἀθηναίη , "Athēnaiē"; Doric: Ἀθάνα , "Athānā") or Athene ( ; Ionic: Ἀθήνη , "Athēnē"), often given the epithet Pallas ( ; Παλλὰς ), is the goddess of wisdom, craft, and war in ancient Greek religion and mythology. In later times, Athena was syncre...
1214	Anglicanism	Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that evolved out of the practices, liturgy and identity of the Church of England following the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. The word "Anglican" itself has its background in "ecclesia anglicana", a medieval Latin phrase dating to the 12th century or earlier, wh...
1223	Telecommunications in Anguilla	This article is about communications systems in Anguilla.
1235	Alexander Mackenzie (politician)	Alexander Mackenzie, PC (January 28, 1822April 17, 1892), was a Canadian politician who served as the second Prime Minister of Canada, in office from 1873 to 1878.
1254	August 1	August 1 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1259	August 3	August 3 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1260	Advanced Encryption Standard	The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael (] ), is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.
1261	April 26	April 26 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1300	Abalone	Abalone ( or ; via Spanish "abulón ", from the Rumsen language "aulón") is a common name for any of a group of small to very large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Haliotidae.
1305	Abensberg	Abensberg (] ) is a town in the Lower Bavarian district of Kelheim, in Bavaria, Germany, lying around 30 km southwest of Regensburg, 40 km east of Ingolstadt, 50 northwest of Landshut and 100 km north of Munich. It is situated on the Abens river, a tributary of the Danube.
1307	The Alan Parsons Project	The Alan Parsons Project was the collective reference to several lineups of a British progressive rock team, active between 1975 and 1990, whose rosters consisted of Alan Parsons and Eric Woolfson surrounded by a varying number of session musicians and some relatively consistent band members such as guitarist Ian Bairn...
1309	Almost all	In mathematics, the phrase "almost all" has a number of specialised uses which extend its intuitive meaning.
1327	Antiparticle	In particle physics, corresponding to most kinds of particles there is an associated antiparticle with the same mass and opposite charge (including electric charge). For example, the antiparticle of the electron is the positron (antielectron), which has positive charge and is produced naturally in certain types of radi...
1331	Arabian Prince	Kim Renard Nazel (born June 17, 1965), better known by the stage name Arabian Prince, is an American rapper, singer-songwriter, record producer and DJ.
1332	August 7	August 7 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1333	August 8	August 8 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1334	April 16	April 16 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1336	Apache Software Foundation	The Apache Software Foundation (ASF) is an American non-profit corporation (classified as 501(c)(3) in the United States) to support Apache software projects, including the Apache HTTP Server. The ASF was formed from the Apache Group and incorporated in Delaware, U.S., in June 1999.
1354	Andes	The Andes or Andean Mountains (Spanish: "Cordillera de los Andes" ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world. They form a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. This range is about 7000 km long, about 200 to wide (widest between 18° south and 20° south latitude), and of an average h...
1360	Anazarbus	Anazarbus (Ancient Greek: Ἀναζαρβός , medieval Ain Zarba; modern Anavarza; Arabic: عَيْنُ زَرْبَة‎ ‎ ) was an ancient Cilician city and (arch)bishopric, which remains a Latin Catholic titular see.
1366	Amethyst	Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz often used in jewelry.
1380	Alligatoridae	The family Alligatoridae of crocodylians includes alligators and caimans.
1386	Arachnophobia	Arachnophobia is a specific phobia: the fear of spiders and other arachnids such as scorpions.
1391	ASIC (disambiguation)	ASIC is an integrated circuit developed for a particular use, as opposed to a general-purpose device.
1394	Algol	Algol, designated Beta Persei (β Persei, abbreviated Beta Per, β Per), known colloquially as the Demon Star, is a bright multiple star in the constellation of Perseus. It is the first and best known eclipsing binary, and one of the first non-nova variable stars to be discovered. It is a three-star system, consisting of...
1416	April 29	April 29 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1417	August 14	August 14 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1422	Amide	An amide ( or or ), also known as an acid amide, is a compound with the functional group RE(O)NR′ (R and R′ refer to H or organic groups). Most common are carboxamides (organic amides) ("n" = 1, E = C, "x" = 1), but many other important types of amides are known, including phosphoramides ("n" = 2, E = P, "x" = 1 and ma...
1436	Abraham	Abraham (, Arabic: إبراهيم "Ibrahim"), originally Avram or Abram, is the common patriarch of the three Abrahamic religions.
1441	Abydos (Hellespont)	Abydos (Ancient Greek: Ἄβῡδος ) or Abydus, was an ancient city and bishopric in Mysia in Asia Minor. It was located on the coast of the Hellespont.
1442	August 15	August 15 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1448	August 16	August 16 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1490	August 17	August 17 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1491	August 12	August 12 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1496	August 18	August 18 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1497	August 19	August 19 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1499	August 21	August 21 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1501	Lory (disambiguation)	A Lory is any of a number of small to medium-sized species of arboreal parrots
1508	Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach	Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
1513	Albert of Brandenburg	Cardinal Albert of Brandenburg (German: "Albrecht von Brandenburg" ; 28 June 149024 September 1545) was Elector and Archbishop of Mainz from 1514 to 1545, and Archbishop of Magdeburg from 1513 to 1545.
1519	August 25	August 25 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1526	Abner	In the first and second Books of Samuel, Abner (Hebrew אֲבִינֵר "’Avinêr" meaning "Father's Light") was cousin to Saul and commander-in-chief of his army (1 Samuel 14:50, 20:25). He is often referred to as Avner Ben Ner, meaning, the son of Ner.
1530	Ainu people	The Ainu or the Aynu (Ainu アィヌ "Aynu"; Japanese: アイヌ "Ainu"; Russian: Айны "Ajny"), in the historical Japanese texts Ezo (蝦夷 ) or Ainu (アイヌ ), are an indigenous people of Japan (Hokkaido, and formerly northeastern Honshu) and Russia (Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands and formerly the Kamchatka Peninsula).
1541	April 13	April 13 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
1545	Aga Khan I	Aga Khan I (Persian: آغا خان اوّل‎ ‎ ; Āghā Khān-i Awwal or Persian: آقا خان اوّل‎ ‎ ; Āqā Khān-i Awwal ), was the title accorded to Hasan Ali Shah (Persian: حسن علی شاه‎ ‎ ; Ḥasan ‘Alī Shāh ; 1804 in Kahak, Iran – 1881 in Bombay, India), the governor of Kirman, 46th Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Muslims, and prominent Mu...
1552	Antonio Agliardi	Antonio Agliardi (4 September 183219 March 1915) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal, archbishop, and papal diplomat.
1556	Agrippina the Elder	Vipsania Agrippina, most commonly known as Agrippina Major or Agrippina the Elder ("Major" Latin for "the elder", Classical Latin: , 14 BC – 17 October AD 33), was a distinguished and prominent Roman woman of the first century. Agrippina was the wife of the general and statesman Germanicus and a relative to the first R...
1571	Alaric II	Alaric II ( 458/466 August 507) — from Gothic: *Alareiks II, also known as Alarik, Alarich, and Alarico in Spanish and Portuguese or Alaricus in Latin — succeeded his father Euric as king of the Visigoths in Toulouse on December 28, 484. He established his capital at Aire-sur-l'Adour ("Vicus Julii") in Aquitaine. His ...
1580	Alcidamas	Alcidamas (Greek: Ἀλκιδάμας ), of Elaea, in Aeolis, Greek sophist and rhetorician, flourished in the 4th century BC.
1585	Alexander I of Epirus	Alexander I of Epirus (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος Α' τῆς Ἠπείρου , 370 BC – 331 BC), also known as Alexander Molossus (Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μολοσσός ), was a king of Epirus (350–331 BC) of the Aeacid dynasty.
1586	Alexander Balas	Alexander I Balas (), was the ruler of the Greek Seleucid kingdom in 150–146 BC. Alexander defeated his brother Demetrius Soter for the crown in 150 BC. Ruling briefly, he lost the crown to his brother during his defeat at the Battle of Antioch (145 BC) in Syria, dying shortly after.
1587	Alexander of Pherae	Alexander (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος ) was "tagus" or despot of Pherae in Thessaly, and ruled from 369 BC to 358 BC.
1594	Alexander II of Scotland	Alexander II (Mediaeval Gaelic: "Alaxandair mac Uilliam "; Modern Gaelic: "Alasdair mac Uilleim "; 24 August 11986 July 1249) was King of Scots from
1605	Alexander Aetolus	Alexander Aetolus (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Αἰτωλός ) was a Greek poet and grammarian, the only known representative of Aetolian poetry.
1617	Alexios V Doukas	Alexios V Doukas or Alexius V Ducas (Greek: Ἀλέξιος Εʹ Δούκας ; December 1204) was the Byzantine emperor from 5 February to 12 April 1204 during the second and final siege of Constantinople by the participants of the Fourth Crusade. He was a member of the Doukas family, nicknamed Mourtzouphlos or Murtzuphlus (Μούρτζου...
1628	August 23	August 23 is the day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.

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hotpotqa (Decontaminated)

A decontaminated version of the hotpotqa dataset from the BEIR benchmark, with samples found in the mgte-en pre-training dataset removed.

Decontamination methodology

Contamination was detected using a two-pass approach against the full mgte-en dataset (484 GB, 1,235 parquet files):

Pass 1: Exact hash matching

All texts (queries and corpus documents) were normalized (lowercased, unicode NFKD, whitespace collapsed) and hashed with xxHash-64. The same normalization + hashing was applied to every query and document field in mgte-en. Any sample whose hash appeared in mgte-en was flagged as contaminated.

Pass 2: 13-gram containment (GPT-3 style)

Following the methodology introduced in the GPT-3 paper (Brown et al., 2020), word-level 13-grams were extracted from all remaining samples. For each sample, containment was computed as:

containment = |ngrams_in_sample ∩ ngrams_in_mgte| / |ngrams_in_sample|

Samples with containment >= 0.5 were flagged as near-duplicates.

Qrels filtering

Relevance judgments (qrels) referencing any removed query or corpus document were also removed.

Decontamination results

Component	Original	Clean	Removed
Corpus	5,233,329	2,314,813	2,918,516
Queries	97,852	12,932	84,920

Qrels per split

Split	Original	Clean	Removed
test	14,810	2,296	12,514
train	170,000	61	169,939
validation	10,894	1,788	9,106

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

corpus = load_dataset("lightonai/hotpotqa-decontaminated", "corpus", split="corpus")
queries = load_dataset("lightonai/hotpotqa-decontaminated", "queries", split="queries")

Citation

Please cite the original BEIR benchmark:

@inproceedings{thakur2021beir,
  title={BEIR: A Heterogeneous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval Models},
  author={Thakur, Nandan and Reimers, Nils and Rücklé, Andreas and Srivastava, Abhishek and Gurevych, Irena},
  booktitle={NeurIPS Datasets and Benchmarks},
  year={2021}
}

License

MIT (same as original BEIR)

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