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Paul Graham
Where to See Silicon Valley
http://paulgraham.com/seesv.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- October 2010 Silicon Valley proper is mostly suburban sprawl. At first glance it doesn't seem there's anything to see. It's not the sort of place that has conspicuous monuments. But if...
1,081
Paul Graham
High Resolution Fundraising
http://paulgraham.com/hiresfund.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- September 2010 The reason startups have been using [more convertible notes](http://twitter.com/paulg/status/22319113993) in angel rounds is that they make deals close faster. By making...
721
Paul Graham
What Happened to Yahoo
http://paulgraham.com/yahoo.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- August 2010 When I went to work for Yahoo after they bought our startup in 1998, it felt like the center of the world. It was supposed to be the next big thing. It was supposed to be w...
2,058
Paul Graham
The Future of Startup Funding
http://paulgraham.com/future.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- August 2010 Two years ago I [wrote](http://www.paulgraham.com/googles.html#next) about what I called "a huge, unexploited opportunity in startup funding:" the growing disconnect betwee...
3,887
Paul Graham
The Acceleration of Addictiveness
http://paulgraham.com/addiction.html
| | | July 2010 What hard liquor, cigarettes, heroin, and crack have in common is that they're all more concentrated forms of less addictive predecessors. Most if not all the things we describe as addictive are. And the scary thing is, the process that created them is accelerating. We wouldn't wan...
1,281
Paul Graham
The Top Idea in Your Mind
http://paulgraham.com/top.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- July 2010 I realized recently that what one thinks about in the shower in the morning is more important than I'd thought. I knew it was a good time to have ideas. Now I'd go further: n...
1,178
Paul Graham
Organic Startup Ideas
http://paulgraham.com/organic.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- April 2010 The best way to come up with startup ideas is to ask yourself the question: what do you wish someone would make for you? There are two types of startup ideas: those tha...
1,013
Paul Graham
Apple's Mistake
http://paulgraham.com/apple.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- November 2009 I don't think Apple realizes how badly the App Store approval process is broken. Or rather, I don't think they realize how much it matters that it's broken. The way ...
2,156
Paul Graham
What Startups Are Really Like
http://paulgraham.com/really.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- October 2009 _(This essay is derived from a talk at the 2009 Startup School.)_ I wasn't sure what to talk about at Startup School, so I decided to ask the founders of the startup...
5,156
Paul Graham
Persuade xor Discover
http://paulgraham.com/discover.html
| | | September 2009 When meeting people you don't know very well, the convention is to seem extra friendly. You smile and say "pleased to meet you," whether you are or not. There's nothing dishonest about this. Everyone knows that these little social lies aren't meant to be taken literally, just as ev...
1,309
Paul Graham
Post-Medium Publishing
http://paulgraham.com/publishing.html
| | | September 2009 Publishers of all types, from news to music, are unhappy that consumers won't pay for content anymore. At least, that's how they see it. In fact consumers never really were paying for content, and publishers weren't really selling it either. If the content was what they were s...
1,781
Paul Graham
The List of N Things
http://paulgraham.com/nthings.html
| | | September 2009 I bet you the current issue of _Cosmopolitan_ has an article whose title begins with a number. "7 Things He Won't Tell You about Sex," or something like that. Some popular magazines feature articles of this type on the cover of every issue. That can't be happening by accident. Edit...
1,457
Paul Graham
The Anatomy of Determination
http://paulgraham.com/determination.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- September 2009 Like all investors, we spend a lot of time trying to learn how to predict which startups will succeed. We probably spend more time thinking about it than most, because w...
1,517
Paul Graham
What Kate Saw in Silicon Valley
http://paulgraham.com/kate.html
| | | August 2009 Kate Courteau is the architect who designed Y Combinator's office. Recently we managed to recruit her to help us run YC when she's not busy with architectural projects. Though she'd heard a lot about YC since the beginning, the last 9 months have been a total immersion. I've been...
824
Paul Graham
The Trouble with the Segway
http://paulgraham.com/segway.html
| | | July 2009 The Segway hasn't delivered on its initial promise, to put it mildly. There are several reasons why, but one is that people don't want to be seen riding them. Someone riding a Segway looks like a dork. My friend Trevor Blackwell built [his own Segway](http://tlb.org/#scooter), whic...
387
Paul Graham
Ramen Profitable
http://paulgraham.com/ramenprofitable.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- July 2009 Now that the term "ramen profitable" has become widespread, I ought to explain precisely what the idea entails. Ramen profitable means a startup makes just enough to pay...
1,855
Paul Graham
Maker's Schedule, Manager's Schedule
http://paulgraham.com/makersschedule.html
| | | | | "...the mere consciousness of an engagement will sometimes worry a whole day." � Charles Dickens --- July 2009 One reason programmers dislike meetings so much is that they're on a different type of schedule from other people. Meetings cost them more. There are two types of...
1,182
Paul Graham
A Local Revolution?
http://paulgraham.com/revolution.html
| | | April 2009 Recently I realized I'd been holding two ideas in my head that would explode if combined. The first is that startups may represent a [new economic phase](highres.html), on the scale of the Industrial Revolution. I'm not sure of this, but there seems a decent chance it's true. Peop...
1,347
Paul Graham
Why Twitter is a Big Deal
http://paulgraham.com/twitter.html
| | | April 2009 [Om Malik](http://gigaom.com/2009/04/03/google-may-buy-twitter-or-not-but-why-is-twitter-so-hot/) is the most recent of many people to ask why Twitter is such a big deal. The reason is that it's a new messaging protocol, where you don't specify the recipients. New protocols are ra...
155
Paul Graham
The Founder Visa
http://paulgraham.com/foundervisa.html
| | | April 2009 I usually avoid politics, but since we now seem to have an administration that's open to suggestions, I'm going to risk making one. The single biggest thing the government could do to increase the number of startups in this country is a policy that would cost nothing: establish a new c...
414
Paul Graham
Five Founders
http://paulgraham.com/5founders.html
| | | April 2009 _Inc_ recently asked me who I thought were the 5 most interesting startup founders of the last 30 years. How do you decide who's the most interesting? The best test seemed to be influence: who are the 5 who've influenced me most? Who do I use as examples when I'm talking to companies ...
765
Paul Graham
Relentlessly Resourceful
http://paulgraham.com/relres.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- March 2009 A couple days ago I finally got being a good startup founder down to two words: relentlessly resourceful. Till then the best I'd managed was to get the opposite quality...
1,014
Paul Graham
How to Be an Angel Investor
http://paulgraham.com/angelinvesting.html
| | | March 2009 _(This essay is derived from a talk at[AngelConf](http://angelconf.org).)_ When we sold our startup in 1998 I thought one day I'd do some angel investing. Seven years later I still hadn't started. I put it off because it seemed mysterious and complicated. It turns out to be easie...
3,959
Paul Graham
Why TV Lost
http://paulgraham.com/convergence.html
| | | March 2009 About twenty years ago people noticed computers and TV were on a collision course and started to speculate about what they'd produce when they converged. We now know the answer: computers. It's clear now that even by using the word "convergence" we were giving TV too much credit. This ...
1,540
Paul Graham
Can You Buy a Silicon Valley? Maybe.
http://paulgraham.com/maybe.html
| | | February 2009 A lot of cities look at Silicon Valley and ask "How could we make something like that happen here?" The [organic](siliconvalley.html) way to do it is to establish a first-rate university in a place where rich people want to live. That's how Silicon Valley happened. But could you sho...
1,920
Paul Graham
What I've Learned from Hacker News
http://paulgraham.com/hackernews.html
| | | February 2009 Hacker News was two years old last week. Initially it was supposed to be a side project--an application to sharpen Arc on, and a place for current and future Y Combinator founders to exchange news. It's grown bigger and taken up more time than I expected, but I don't regret that bec...
2,871
Paul Graham
Startups in 13 Sentences
http://paulgraham.com/13sentences.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- Watch how this essay was [written](https://byronm.com/13sentences.html). --- February 2009 One of the things I always tell startups is a principle I learned from Paul Buchheit...
1,347
Paul Graham
Keep Your Identity Small
http://paulgraham.com/identity.html
| | | February 2009 I finally realized today why politics and religion yield such uniquely useless discussions. As a rule, any mention of religion on an online forum degenerates into a religious argument. Why? Why does this happen with religion and not with Javascript or baking or other topics peo...
882
Paul Graham
After Credentials
http://paulgraham.com/credentials.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/after-credentials-20.gif) December 2008 A few months ago I read a _New York Times_ article on South Korean cram schools that said > Admission to the right university can make or break an ambitious young South Korean. A parent added: > "In ...
2,394
Paul Graham
Could VC be a Casualty of the Recession?
http://paulgraham.com/divergence.html
| | | December 2008 _(I originally wrote this at the request of a company producing a report about entrepreneurship. Unfortunately after reading it they decided it was too controversial to include.)_ VC funding will probably dry up somewhat during the present recession, like it usually does in ba...
1,361
Paul Graham
The High-Res Society
http://paulgraham.com/highres.html
| | | December 2008 For nearly all of history the success of a society was proportionate to its ability to assemble large and disciplined organizations. Those who bet on economies of scale generally won, which meant the largest organizations were the most successful ones. Things have already chang...
1,531
Paul Graham
The Other Half of "Artists Ship"
http://paulgraham.com/artistsship.html
| | | November 2008 One of the differences between big companies and startups is that big companies tend to have developed procedures to protect themselves against mistakes. A startup walks like a toddler, bashing into things and falling over all the time. A big company is more deliberate. The gra...
1,317
Paul Graham
Why to Start a Startup in a Bad Economy
http://paulgraham.com/badeconomy.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- October 2008 The economic situation is apparently so grim that some experts fear we may be in for a stretch as bad as the mid seventies. When Microsoft and Apple were founded. ...
1,126
Paul Graham
A Fundraising Survival Guide
http://paulgraham.com/fundraising.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- August 2008 Raising money is the second hardest part of starting a startup. The hardest part is making something people want: most startups that die, die because they didn't do that. B...
4,847
Paul Graham
The Pooled-Risk Company Management Company
http://paulgraham.com/prcmc.html
| | | July 2008 At this year's startup school, David Heinemeier Hansson gave a [talk](http://www.omnisio.com/startupschool08/david-heinemeier-hansson-at-startup-school-08) in which he suggested that startup founders should do things the old fashioned way. Instead of hoping to get rich by building a val...
1,271
Paul Graham
Cities and Ambition
http://paulgraham.com/cities.html
| | | May 2008 Great cities attract ambitious people. You can sense it when you walk around one. In a hundred subtle ways, the city sends you a message: you could do more; you should try harder. The surprising thing is how different these messages can be. New York tells you, above all: you should ...
3,625
Paul Graham
Disconnecting Distraction
http://paulgraham.com/distraction.html
| | | _Note: The strategy described at the end of this essay didn't work. It would work for a while, and then I'd gradually find myself using the Internet on my work computer. I'm trying other strategies now, but I think this time I'll wait till I'm sure they work before writing about them._ May 2008 ...
1,176
Paul Graham
Lies We Tell Kids
http://paulgraham.com/lies.html
| | | May 2008 Adults lie constantly to kids. I'm not saying we should stop, but I think we should at least examine which lies we tell and why. There may also be a benefit to us. We were all lied to as kids, and some of the lies we were told still affect us. So by studying the ways adults lie to k...
5,268
Paul Graham
Be Good
http://paulgraham.com/good.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/be-good-20.gif) April 2008 _(This essay is derived from a talk at the 2008 Startup School.)_ About a month after we started Y Combinator we came up with the phrase that became our motto: Make something people want. We've learned a lot since th...
2,962
Paul Graham
Why There Aren't More Googles
http://paulgraham.com/googles.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- April 2008 Umair Haque [wrote](http://discussionleader.hbsp.com/haque/2008/04/i_agree_and_i.html) recently that the reason there aren't more Googles is that most startups get bought be...
1,350
Paul Graham
Some Heroes
http://paulgraham.com/heroes.html
| | | April 2008 There are some topics I save up because they'll be so much fun to write about. This is one of them: a list of my heroes. I'm not claiming this is a list of the _n_ most admirable people. Who could make such a list, even if they wanted to? Einstein isn't on the list, for examp...
2,706
Paul Graham
How to Disagree
http://paulgraham.com/disagree.html
| | | March 2008 The web is turning writing into a conversation. Twenty years ago, writers wrote and readers read. The web lets readers respond, and increasingly they do--in comment threads, on forums, and in their own blog posts. Many who respond to something disagree with it. That's to be expect...
1,558
Paul Graham
You Weren't Meant to Have a Boss
http://paulgraham.com/boss.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/you-weren-t-meant-to-have-a-boss-20.gif) | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- March 2008, rev. June 2008 Technology tends to separate normal from natural. Our bodies weren't...
2,546
Paul Graham
A New Venture Animal
http://paulgraham.com/ycombinator.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/a-new-venture-animal-20.gif) March 2008, rev May 2013 _(This essay grew out of something I wrote for myself to figure out what we do. Even though Y Combinator is now 3 years old, we're still trying to understand its implications.)_ I was annoy...
1,995
Paul Graham
Trolls
http://paulgraham.com/trolls.html
| | | February 2008 A user on Hacker News recently posted a [comment](http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=116938) that set me thinking: > Something about hacker culture that never really set well with me was this � the nastiness. ... I just don't understand why people troll like they do. I've t...
904
Paul Graham
Six Principles for Making New Things
http://paulgraham.com/newthings.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/six-principles-for-making-new-things-20.gif) February 2008 The fiery reaction to the release of [Arc](arc.html) had an unexpected consequence: it made me realize I had a design philosophy. The main complaint of the more articulate critics was that A...
1,176
Paul Graham
Why to Move to a Startup Hub
http://paulgraham.com/startuphubs.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/why-to-move-to-a-startup-hub-20.gif) October 2007 After the last [talk](webstartups.html) I gave, one of the organizers got up on the stage to deliver an impromptu rebuttal. That never happened before. I only heard the first few sentences, but that ...
1,471
Paul Graham
The Future of Web Startups
http://paulgraham.com/webstartups.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- October 2007 _(This essay is derived from a keynote at FOWA in October 2007.)_ There's something interesting happening right now. Startups are undergoing the same transformation ...
3,416
Paul Graham
How to Do Philosophy
http://paulgraham.com/philosophy.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/how-to-do-philosophy-20.gif) September 2007 In high school I decided I was going to study philosophy in college. I had several motives, some more honorable than others. One of the less honorable was to shock people. College was regarded as job train...
4,740
Paul Graham
News from the Front
http://paulgraham.com/colleges.html
| | | September 2007 A few weeks ago I had a thought so heretical that it really surprised me. It may not matter all that much where you go to college. For me, as for a lot of middle class kids, getting into a good college was more or less the meaning of life when I was growing up. What was I? A s...
2,229
Paul Graham
How Not to Die
http://paulgraham.com/die.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- August 2007 _(This is a talk I gave at the last Y Combinator dinner of the summer. Usually we don't have a speaker at the last dinner; it's more of a party. But it seemed worth spoili...
1,993
Paul Graham
Holding a Program in One's Head
http://paulgraham.com/head.html
| | | August 2007 A good programmer working intensively on his own code can hold it in his mind the way a mathematician holds a problem he's working on. Mathematicians don't answer questions by working them out on paper the way schoolchildren are taught to. They do more in their heads: they try to unde...
1,876
Paul Graham
Stuff
http://paulgraham.com/stuff.html
| | | July 2007 I have too much stuff. Most people in America do. In fact, the poorer people are, the more stuff they seem to have. Hardly anyone is so poor that they can't afford a front yard full of old cars. It wasn't always this way. Stuff used to be rare and valuable. You can still see eviden...
1,295
Paul Graham
The Equity Equation
http://paulgraham.com/equity.html
| | | July 2007 An investor wants to give you money for a certain percentage of your startup. Should you take it? You're about to hire your first employee. How much stock should you give him? These are some of the hardest questions founders face. And yet both have the same answer: 1/(1 - n) ...
1,140
Paul Graham
An Alternative Theory of Unions
http://paulgraham.com/unions.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/an-alternative-theory-of-unions-20.gif) May 2007 People who worry about the increasing gap between rich and poor generally look back on the mid twentieth century as a golden age. In those days we had a large number of high-paying union manufacturing...
524
Paul Graham
The Hacker's Guide to Investors
http://paulgraham.com/guidetoinvestors.html
| | | April 2007 _(This essay is derived from a keynote talk at the 2007 ASES Summit at Stanford.)_ The world of investors is a foreign one to most hackers--partly because investors are so unlike hackers, and partly because they tend to operate in secret. I've been dealing with this world for man...
6,253
Paul Graham
Two Kinds of Judgement
http://paulgraham.com/judgement.html
| | | April 2007 There are two different ways people judge you. Sometimes judging you correctly is the end goal. But there's a second much more common type of judgement where it isn't. We tend to regard all judgements of us as the first type. We'd probably be happier if we realized which are and which ...
763
Paul Graham
Microsoft is Dead
http://paulgraham.com/microsoft.html
| | | April 2007 A few days ago I suddenly realized Microsoft was dead. I was talking to a young startup founder about how Google was different from Yahoo. I said that Yahoo had been warped from the start by their fear of Microsoft. That was why they'd positioned themselves as a "media company" instead...
1,310
Paul Graham
Why to Not Not Start a Startup
http://paulgraham.com/notnot.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- March 2007 _(This essay is derived from talks at the 2007 Startup School and the Berkeley CSUA.)_ We've now been doing Y Combinator long enough to have some data about success ra...
6,307
Paul Graham
Is It Worth Being Wise?
http://paulgraham.com/wisdom.html
| | | February 2007 A few days ago I finally figured out something I've wondered about for 25 years: the relationship between wisdom and intelligence. Anyone can see they're not the same by the number of people who are smart, but not very wise. And yet intelligence and wisdom do seem related. How? ...
3,772
Paul Graham
Learning from Founders
http://paulgraham.com/foundersatwork.html
| | | January 2007 _(Foreword to Jessica Livingston's[Founders at Work](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1590597141).)_ Apparently sprinters reach their highest speed right out of the blocks, and spend the rest of the race slowing down. The winners slow down the least. It's that way with most sta...
840
Paul Graham
How Art Can Be Good
http://paulgraham.com/goodart.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/how-art-can-be-good-20.gif) December 2006 I grew up believing that taste is just a matter of personal preference. Each person has things they like, but no one's preferences are any better than anyone else's. There is no such thing as _good_ taste. ...
3,645
Paul Graham
The 18 Mistakes That Kill Startups
http://paulgraham.com/startupmistakes.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- October 2006 In the Q & A period after a recent talk, someone asked what made startups fail. After standing there gaping for a few seconds I realized this was kind of a trick question....
5,637
Paul Graham
A Student's Guide to Startups
http://paulgraham.com/mit.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- October 2006 _(This essay is derived from a talk at MIT.)_ Till recently graduating seniors had two choices: get a job or go to grad school. I think there will increasingly be a ...
6,477
Paul Graham
How to Present to Investors
http://paulgraham.com/investors.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/how-to-present-to-investors-20.gif) | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- August 2006, rev. April 2007, September 2010 In a few days it will be Demo Day, when the startups we...
2,867
Paul Graham
Copy What You Like
http://paulgraham.com/copy.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/copy-what-you-like-20.gif) July 2006 When I was in high school I spent a lot of time imitating bad writers. What we studied in English classes was mostly fiction, so I assumed that was the highest form of writing. Mistake number one. The stories tha...
963
Paul Graham
The Island Test
http://paulgraham.com/island.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/the-island-test-20.gif) July 2006 I've discovered a handy test for figuring out what you're addicted to. Imagine you were going to spend the weekend at a friend's house on a little island off the coast of Maine. There are no shops on the island and ...
775
Paul Graham
The Power of the Marginal
http://paulgraham.com/marginal.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- June 2006 _(This essay is derived from talks at Usenix 2006 and Railsconf 2006.)_ A couple years ago my friend Trevor and I went to look at the Apple garage. As we stood there, h...
6,083
Paul Graham
Why Startups Condense in America
http://paulgraham.com/america.html
| | | May 2006 _(This essay is derived from a keynote at Xtech.)_ Startups happen in clusters. There are a lot of them in Silicon Valley and Boston, and few in Chicago or Miami. A country that wants startups will probably also have to reproduce whatever makes these clusters form. I've claime...
4,794
Paul Graham
How to Be Silicon Valley
http://paulgraham.com/siliconvalley.html
| | | May 2006 _(This essay is derived from a keynote at Xtech.)_ Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it? It wouldn't be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn't reproduce it in most of the US either. What d...
3,687
Paul Graham
The Hardest Lessons for Startups to Learn
http://paulgraham.com/startuplessons.html
| | | April 2006 _(This essay is derived from a talk at the 2006[Startup School](http://startupschool.org).)_ The startups we've funded so far are pretty quick, but they seem quicker to learn some lessons than others. I think it's because some things about startups are kind of counterintuitive. ...
4,855
Paul Graham
See Randomness
http://paulgraham.com/randomness.html
| | | April 2006, rev August 2009 Plato quotes Socrates as saying "the unexamined life is not worth living." Part of what he meant was that the proper role of humans is to think, just as the proper role of anteaters is to poke their noses into anthills. A lot of ancient philosophy had the quality ...
604
Paul Graham
Are Software Patents Evil?
http://paulgraham.com/softwarepatents.html
| | | March 2006 _(This essay is derived from a talk at Google.)_ A few weeks ago I found to my surprise that I'd been granted four [patents](http://paulgraham.infogami.com/blog/morepatents). This was all the more surprising because I'd only applied for three. The patents aren't mine, of course. ...
4,671
Paul Graham
6,631,372
http://paulgraham.com/6631327.html
| | | March 2006, rev August 2009 A couple days ago I found to my surprise that I'd been granted a [patent](http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6,631,372.PN.&OS=PN/6,631,372&RS=PN/6,631,372). It issued in 2003, b...
701
Paul Graham
Why YC
http://paulgraham.com/whyyc.html
| | | March 2006, rev August 2009 Yesterday one of the founders we funded asked me why we started [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com). Or more precisely, he asked if we'd started YC mainly for fun. Kind of, but not quite. It is enormously fun to be able to work with Rtm and Trevor again. I miss...
384
Paul Graham
How to Do What You Love
http://paulgraham.com/love.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- January 2006 To do something well you have to like it. That idea is not exactly novel. We've got it down to four words: "Do what you love." But it's not enough just to tell people that...
4,767
Paul Graham
Good and Bad Procrastination
http://paulgraham.com/procrastination.html
| | | December 2005 The most impressive people I know are all terrible procrastinators. So could it be that procrastination isn't always bad? Most people who write about procrastination write about how to cure it. But this is, strictly speaking, impossible. There are an infinite number of things y...
1,851
Paul Graham
Web 2.0
http://paulgraham.com/web20.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- November 2005 Does "Web 2.0" mean anything? Till recently I thought it didn't, but the truth turns out to be more complicated. Originally, yes, it was meaningless. Now it seems to have...
3,420
Paul Graham
How to Fund a Startup
http://paulgraham.com/startupfunding.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- November 2005 Venture funding works like gears. A typical startup goes through several rounds of funding, and at each round you want to take just enough money to reach the speed where ...
8,947
Paul Graham
The Venture Capital Squeeze
http://paulgraham.com/vcsqueeze.html
| | | November 2005 In the next few years, venture capital funds will find themselves squeezed from four directions. They're already stuck with a seller's market, because of the huge amounts they raised at the end of the Bubble and still haven't invested. This by itself is not the end of the world. In ...
1,598
Paul Graham
Ideas for Startups
http://paulgraham.com/ideas.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- October 2005 _(This essay is derived from a talk at the 2005[Startup School.](http://startupschool.org))_ How do you get good ideas for [startups](start.html)? That's probably th...
3,982
Paul Graham
What I Did this Summer
http://paulgraham.com/sfp.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/what-i-did-this-summer-20.gif) October 2005 The first Summer Founders Program has just finished. We were surprised how well it went. Overall only about 10% of startups succeed, but if I had to guess now, I'd predict three or four of the eight startu...
2,594
Paul Graham
Inequality and Risk
http://paulgraham.com/inequality.html
| | | August 2005 _(This essay is derived from a talk at Defcon 2005.)_ Suppose you wanted to get rid of economic inequality. There are two ways to do it: give money to the poor, or take it away from the rich. But they amount to the same thing, because if you want to give money to the poor, you h...
2,864
Paul Graham
After the Ladder
http://paulgraham.com/ladder.html
| | | August 2005 Thirty years ago, one was supposed to work one's way up the corporate ladder. That's less the rule now. Our generation wants to get paid up front. Instead of developing a product for some big company in the expectation of getting job security in return, we develop the product ourselve...
605
Paul Graham
What Business Can Learn from Open Source
http://paulgraham.com/opensource.html
| | | August 2005 _(This essay is derived from a talk at Oscon 2005.)_ Lately companies have been paying more attention to open source. Ten years ago there seemed a real danger Microsoft would extend its monopoly to servers. It seems safe to say now that open source has prevented that. A recent s...
4,388
Paul Graham
Hiring is Obsolete
http://paulgraham.com/hiring.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/hiring-is-obsolete-20.gif) | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- May 2005 _(This essay is derived from a talk at the Berkeley CSUA.)_ The three big powers on the Intern...
4,823
Paul Graham
The Submarine
http://paulgraham.com/submarine.html
| | | April 2005 "Suits make a corporate comeback," says the [_New York Times_](http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/14/fashion/thursdaystyles/14peacock.html?ex=1271131200&en=e96f2670387e3636&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland). Why does this sound familiar? Maybe because the suit was also back in [February](http:/...
2,417
Paul Graham
Why Smart People Have Bad Ideas
http://paulgraham.com/bronze.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- April 2005 This summer, as an experiment, some friends and I are giving [seed funding](http://ycombinator.com) to a bunch of new startups. It's an experiment because we're prepared to ...
3,205
Paul Graham
Return of the Mac
http://paulgraham.com/mac.html
| | | March 2005 All the best [hackers](gba.html) I know are gradually switching to Macs. My friend Robert said his whole research group at MIT recently bought themselves Powerbooks. These guys are not the graphic designers and grandmas who were buying Macs at Apple's low point in the mid 1990s. They'r...
1,027
Paul Graham
Writing, Briefly
http://paulgraham.com/writing44.html
| | | March 2005 _(In the process of answering an email, I accidentally wrote a tiny essay about writing. I usually spend weeks on an essay. This one took 67 minutes--23 of writing, and 44 of rewriting.)_ I think it's far more important to write well than most people realize. Writing doesn't just...
518
Paul Graham
Undergraduation
http://paulgraham.com/college.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/undergraduation-20.gif) | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- March 2005 _(Parts of this essay began as replies to students who wrote to me with questions.)_ Recently I...
3,697
Paul Graham
A Unified Theory of VC Suckage
http://paulgraham.com/venturecapital.html
| | | March 2005 A couple months ago I got an email from a recruiter asking if I was interested in being a "technologist in residence" at a new venture capital fund. I think the idea was to play Karl Rove to the VCs' George Bush. I considered it for about four seconds. Work for a VC fund? Ick. ...
1,491
Paul Graham
How to Start a Startup
http://paulgraham.com/start.html
| | | | **Want to start a startup?** Get funded by [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com/apply.html). --- March 2005 _(This essay is derived from a talk at the Harvard Computer Society.)_ You need three things to create a successful startup: to start with good people, to make somethi...
9,800
Paul Graham
What You'll Wish You'd Known
http://paulgraham.com/hs.html
| | | January 2005 _(I wrote this talk for a high school. I never actually gave it, because the school authorities vetoed the plan to invite me.)_ When I said I was speaking at a high school, my friends were curious. What will you say to high school students? So I asked them, what do you wish som...
5,101
Paul Graham
Made in USA
http://paulgraham.com/usa.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/made-in-usa-20.gif) November 2004 _(This is a new essay for the Japanese edition of[Hackers & Painters](http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0596006624). It tries to explain why Americans make some things well and others badly.)_ A fe...
1,867
Paul Graham
It's Charisma, Stupid
http://paulgraham.com/charisma.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/it-s-charisma-stupid-20.gif) November 2004, corrected June 2006 Occam's razor says we should prefer the simpler of two explanations. I begin by reminding readers of this principle because I'm about to propose a theory that will offend both liberals ...
1,527
Paul Graham
Bradley's Ghost
http://paulgraham.com/polls.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/bradley-s-ghost-28.gif) November 2004 A lot of people are writing now about why Kerry lost. Here I want to examine a more specific question: why were the exit polls so wrong? In Ohio, which Kerry ultimately lost 49-51, exit polls gave him a 52-...
652
Paul Graham
A Version 1.0
http://paulgraham.com/laundry.html
| | | October 2004 As E. B. White said, "good writing is rewriting." I didn't realize this when I was in school. In writing, as in math and science, they only show you the finished product. You don't see all the false starts. This gives students a misleading view of how things get made. Part of th...
4,274
Paul Graham
What the Bubble Got Right
http://paulgraham.com/bubble.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/what-the-bubble-got-right-20.gif) September 2004 _(This essay is derived from an invited talk at ICFP 2004.)_ I had a front row seat for the Internet Bubble, because I worked at Yahoo during 1998 and 1999. One day, when the stock was trading a...
3,754
Paul Graham
The Age of the Essay
http://paulgraham.com/essay.html
| | | [](https://s.turbifycdn.com/aah/paulgraham/the-age-of-the-essay-20.gif) September 2004 Remember the essays you had to write in high school? Topic sentence, introductory paragraph, supporting paragraphs, conclusion. The conclusion being, say, that Ahab in _Moby Dick_ was a Christ-like figure....
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