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The InterPARES 2 Project
Dictionary
access
acceptance
v., An agreement, either by express act or by implication from conduct, to the terms of an offer so that a binding contract is formed. [Government]
access privileges
n.,
The right, opportunity, or means of finding, using or approaching documents and/or informat... |
n and the existence of finding aids.
[Archives]
n., The permission to locate and retrieve information for use (consultation or reference) within legally established restrictions of
privacy, confidentiality, and security clearance. [Archives]
n., The ability to locate relevant information through the use of catalogues... |
[Arts]
n., The ability to locate, gain entry to, and use something, such as a building or a database. [Arts]
n., A de vice or me tho d where by a docu men t may be found; Per mission an d opportun ity to use a doc ument; Th e a pproach
to any
means to storing information, e.g. index, bibliography, catalogue, comp... |
a compu ter syste m, etc. In the US, to ac cess stri ct ly means to ins truc t, communi cat e wit h,
store data in,
retrieve data from, or otherwise obtain the ability to use the resources of a computer or any part thereof. [Computer and
Information Sciences]
n., The reading or writing of data, with the connotati... |
of access that
are to be permitted. For example, read-only access means that the contents of the file may be read but not altered or erased.
[Computer and Information Sciences]
n., The notion that 'the public' or 'minority groups' should have access to the means of broadcasting to promote their 'voices' or
n., The au... |
hives]
n., The ability to locate, gain entry to, and use something, such as a building or a database. [Arts]
n., The indication of the person, position or office authorized to annotate a record, delete it, or remove it from the system. [Archives]
means to storing information, e.g. index, bibliography, catalogue, com... |
om, or otherwise obtain the ability to use the resources of a computer or any part thereof. [Computer and
n.,
The indication of the person, position or office authorized to read a record. [Archives]
is most commonly used in connection with filed information and is often qualified by an indication as to the types of a... |
ed or used with a minimum of barriers. Carries the connotation of providing access to individuals with disabilities that prevent normal use, especially under the terms of the Americans with Disabilities Act (PL 101-336, 42 USC 126). [Archives]
n., The availability of archival material for consultation as a result of l... |
information regardless of format. In a more general sense, the quality of being able to be located and used by a person. In the
Web environment, the quality of being usable by everyone regardless of disability. [Computer and Information Sciences]
The obligation to answer for actions for which one is responsible. [Ge... |
cumen t it in a regis te r. [Arch ives]
n., Materials physically and legally transferred to a repository as a unit at a single time; an acquisition. [Archiv
es]
v., The formal acceptance into custody and recording of an acquisition. [Archives]
v., To document the transfer of records or materials in a register, data... |
v., The recording of the formal acceptance into custody of an acquisition. [Archives]
n., An acquisition so recorded. (see definition for accession). [Archives]
v., To enter in an accessions record or register particulars of each item in the order of its acquisition. [Computer and Information
Sciences]
v., The act o... |
ter and Information Sciences]
Information Sciences]
n., A record documenting the preserver's acceptance of responsibility for preserving a clearly identified set of records. [Archives]
n., A record documenting additions to a collection, whether acquired by transfer under a legally based procedure, or by deposit, pur... |
e formal record of accessions of archival material received by an archives service, in which information on the immed
iate
source and the broader provenance of the material is preserved permanently. [Computer and Information Sciences]
n., The obligation to answer or answer for discharge of duties or conduct. [General ... |
e into custody and recording of an acquisition. [Archives]
n.,
The obligation to answer for actions for which one is responsible. [General Dictionaries]
n., The ability to answer for, explain, or justify actions or decisions for which an individual, organization, or system is responsible. [Archives]
n., The determi... |
he quality of their performance of assigned duties, particularly when incompetence, dereliction, or malfeasance is at issue. See also: performance evaluation.
[Computer and Information Sciences]
n., The obligation to answer or answer for discharge of duties or conduct. [General Dictionaries]
n., Principle that indiv... |
n aimed to create, maintain, modify or extinguish situations. Synonym of action.
n., An acquisition of the records of a creator that is additional to the records of the creator already in the custody of the preserver. [Archives]
n., Principle that individuals, organizations, and the community are responsible for their... |
distortion, or
pertinent to the matter. [Archives]
n., The closeness of an estimate to the true value. Compare PRECISION. [Sciences]
n., Accuracy refers to the truthfulness of the content of the record and can only be established through content analysis.
[Archives]
n., An accurate performance is a performance tha... |
of information
services. [Computer and Information Sciences]
n., How close to the real value a measurement is. [Computer and Information Sciences]
n., An accurate record is one that contains correct, precise and exact information. [General Dictionaries]
v., Freedom from mistake or error: correctness, conforming to a... |
model: exhibiting or marked by strict, particular, and complete accordance with fact or
a standard; marked by thorough consideration or minute measurement of small factual details. [General Dictionaries]
n., An accurate record is one that contains correct, precise and exact information. [General Dictionaries]
v.,
T... |
t or
n., Records that are taken into the custody of the preserver from the creator, for their permanent preservation. [Models (MCP)]
act
v., n.,
The process of adding to the holdings of an archival repository or records centre. [Archives] An addition to the holdings of an archival repository or records centre. [Arch... |
entation center, archive, or other collection, including selection, ordering, and
obtaining by exchange or gift. [Arts]
v., The processes of obtaining books and other items for a library, documentaiton center or archive. [Computer and Information
Sci
en
ces]
v., The gaining of possession or control over something. [G... |
ives]
n., Legi slation th at has be en made law , especia lly a sta tute. [G overnment]
Syn
.: action.
n., A document formally embodying a decision of a legislative body or public authority; or forming part of a legal transactio
n and drawn up in due form. [Archives]
n., The conscious exercise of will by a person a... |
med to create, maintain, modify or extinguish situations. There are two types of act: a mere act and a transaction. Alias: action. [Archives]
v., To do, operate or function. [Arts]
v., To portray a character as an actor; to perform a role or play a part. [Arts]
n., A short performance by one or a group of entertain... |
ontain one or more scenes. [Arts]
n., A record needed by the creator for the purpose of carrying out the action for which it was created or for frequent reference. Syn.: current record. [Archives]
n., Records needed by the creator for the purpose of carrying out the actions for which they were created or for frequent... |
e. [Archives]
n., A record needed by its creator for the purpose of carrying out actions [Archives]
n., Records that continue to be used with sufficient frequency to justify keeping them in the office of creation. [Archives]
n., Archival documents regularly maintained and used by their creator. [Archives]
n., Info... |
m other sources. [Computer and Information Sciences]
n., Records that continue to be used with sufficient frequency to justify keeping them in the office of creation. [Archives]
n.,
A series of acts or actions aimed to one purpose. [Archives]
n., n., n.,
Used to describe the customary use of a given artifact, such... |
ess
n.,
Persons who carry out acts or actions. [Archives]
addressee's name
n., A place or location where a particular piece of information is stored, or where an entity can be communicated with. [Computer and Information Sciences]
n.,
n.,
Person(s) to whom the record is directed or for whom the record is intended... |
rs list the addressees of the e-mail message".
Normally an addressee will eventually be a recipient, unless there is a failure at some point (an e-mail "bounces") or the message
is redirected to a different addressee. [Computer and Information Sciences]
n., The individual to whom something is to be delivered. [General... |
e person to whom the record is directed or for whom the record is intended. [Archives]
reference. Syn.: current records. [Archives]
n., The sort of accountability aimed at non-political and non-legal authorities such as civil servants and top ranking administrators. Involves developing and implementing procedures for... |
t has been done. [Archives]
n., The principle that underlies the concept of accountability [ . . . ] is linked to the conveying and evaluation of information. [ . . . ] For ongoing bodies, accountability required the development and refinement of procedures for carrying out actions and documenting them, "to ensure tha... |
functions and procedures of the organizational environment in which the creator exists. [Archives]
Stored on a medium in an unchangeable way. [Archives]
n., 2. The means of physically locating the holdings of records centres and archival institutions through numbering and listing. [Archives]
n., 1. The exercise o... |
of the organizational environment in which the creator exists. [Archives]
n.,
The quality of being permitted to serve as evidence in trial or hearing or other proceeding. [Archives]
n.,
The quality or state of being allowed to be entered into evidence in a hearing, trial, or other proceeding. [Governme
nt]
n., An... |
n a medium in an unchangeable way. [Archives]
n., An active communicating entity that can acquire a role; that is, an abstract representation of a function, service, or identity.
[Sciences]
v.,
Stored on a medium in an unchangeable way. [Archives]
n., An intermediary who performs various matters of business connect... |
persons. [Archives]
n., The proposition that human beings think about the intentional actions they perform and the resources they need to achieve ends. [Sciences]
n., A unit of government authorized by law to perform a specific function. [Archives]
n., An organization entity whose name and legal existence are estab... |
rarchical level. Usually each agency has its own recordkeeping system. [Archives]
n., The business carried on by an agent. [Government]
n., A unit of governement that has major policy reponsiblities and that performs regulatory functions. [Government]
n., The relationship between an agent and his principal. [Governm... |
other. [Archives]
n., An active communicating entity that can acquire a role; that is, an abstract representation of a function, service, or identity. [Sciences]
n., Person or company licenced by the state to represent clients and negotiate their contracts for a standard agent's fee. [Arts]
n., People authorized to ... |
An individual or firm acting as a middleman between librarian and publisher in the acquistion of material. [Computer and Info
rmation Sciences]
n., In the client-server model, the part of the system that performs information preparation and exchange on behalf of a client or
server. Especially in the phrase "intelligen... |
n., An autonomous system that receives information from its environment, processes it, and performs actions on that
environment. Agents may have different degrees of intelligence or rationality, and may be implemented in software, hardware, or both. [Computer and Information Sciences]
n., An agent is a business repre... |
-graph form. [Arts]
n.,
An archival unit composed of multiple archival documents, such as a fonds, series or file. [Archives]
n., A representation of an object that resembles the original. Analogue devices monitor conditions, such as movement,
temperature and sound, and convert them into analogous electronic or mech... |
records; records aggregation. [Archives]
server. Especially in the phrase "intelligent agent" it implies some kind of automatic process which can communicate with other
n.,
An act done to a document after its completion whereby its meaning or language is changed. [Archives]
n., An act done to an instrument, after it... |
nt, but immaterial ones do not.
v., Use for modifications to an object or structure. Refers especially to the physical evidence of the change. In architecture, use
"additions" if the change increases the structure's volume; "alterations" if it does not. [Arts]
analogue
n., (ASCII) The binary code used by most comput... |
devices such as modems and printers. Each ASCII character consists of seven information bits and one parity bit for error checking. [Computer and Information Sciences]
aggregated records
a., The representation of an object or physical process through the use of continuously variable electronic signals or mechanical ... |
ables ("seeable images" and sound waves decodable without significant technological assistance). Analog records suffer degradation with each subsequent generation of copying.
n., Representing data by measuring a continuous physical variable, such as the rotation of hands on a clock, in contrast to a
digital clock.
n.... |
pointer and graduated markings) or in LCD bar-graph form. [Arts] n., A description of a continuously variable signal or a circuit or device designed to handle such signals. Opp.: 'digital' or
'discrete'. [Computer and Information Sciences]
n., A representation of an object that resembles the original. Analogue device... |
, which is broken up into numbers. [Computer and Information Sciences]
a., The representation of an object or physical process through the use of continuously variable electronic signals or
mechanical patterns. In contrast to a digitally-encoded representation of an object or physical process, an analogue
representati... |
e smallest meaningful units of information, expressed as continuous electronic signals or mechanical patterns affixed to an analogue medium. [Sciences]
analogue object
n., An analogue component, or group of components, that is affixed to an analogue medium and is treated and managed as a document. [Archives]
analogu... |
encoding
n., Physical material, such as a paper, parchment, stone, clay, film or certain types of magnetic audio- and videotape, used for storage of analogue data. [Archives]
n.,
n.,
A discrete aggregation of one type or class of analogue data (e.g., text, audio, video, image). [Archives]
n.,n.,
An analogue docum... |
jects, as opposed to a digital system. [Sciences]
n., Physical material, such as a paper, parchment, stone, clay, film or certain types of magnetic audio- and videotape,
used for storage of analogue data. [Archives]
n.,
An addition made to a record after it has been created. [Archives]
n., “Annotations (additions m... |
fter its creation as part of its execution (e.g., the date and time of transmission added to an e-mail
record at the moment it is sent, or the indication of attachments added before it is transmitted);
2. additions made to the record in the course of handling the business matter in which the record participates (e.g.,... |
purposes (e.g., the classification code or file
number assigned to the record, its draft) [Archives]
n., Information, especially explanatory notes, added to a completed document. [Archives]
n., Notes added as comment or explanation. [Arts]
n., A brief note, usually no longer than two or three sentences, added after... |
i Editions, 1997.
A heavily-illustrated international thematic history of the relationship between geography and literature, from the Middle Ages
and Renaissance to the post-Cold War era. Includes references for further reading and a list of places to visit by country.
In a more general sense, any brief explanatory or... |
bliography or
catalog.
[Arts]
n., A note added to an entry in a catalogue, reading list or bibliography to elucidate, evaluate or describe the subject and contents
of a book; it sometimes gives particulars of the author. [Computer and Information Sciences]
n., A new commentary node linked to an existing node. If r... |
., Explanation added to a program to assist the reader. This may take the form of manuscript additions to the program listing, but
more often takes the form of comments included in the program text. [Computer and Information Sciences]
n., A basic archival function of determining the eventual disposal of records based ... |
satisfy real-world needs and requirements. [Archives]
n.,
Initialism for “application programming interface.” [Computer and Information Sciences]
software such as the operating system kernel, server processes and libraries which exists to support application programs.
n., Computer software that allows the user to pr... |
nd Information Sciences]
n., Computer programs, or collections of programs, designed to meet the needs of the users of computer systems by directly c
ontributing to the performance of specific roles. [Sciences]
n., Software that constitutes any type of program that is tailored to satisfy real-world needs and requirem... |
lf-contained program that performs a specific function directly for the user. This is in contrast to
system
software such as the operating system kernel, server processes and libraries which exists to support application programs.
[Computer and Information Sciences]
n., Computer programs, procedures, rules, and any a... |
a particular computer system. ICA Dictionary. A set of computer programs, procedures and associated documentation concerned with the operation of an automatic data processing system as distinct from hardware. US NARA, Federal Records. The programs used to operate a computer, as well as the documentation describing how ... |
A fully conforming instantiation of an element set for a particular community, created to adapt an element set into a package tailored to the functional requirements of a particular application while retaining interoperability with the base standard. Can involve mixing and matching terms from multiple standards to mee... |
plications; specifically, establishing the interface (calling conventions) by which a software application accesses the operating system and other services. [Computer and Information Sciences]
n.,
n., The process of assessing the value of records for the purpose of determining the length and conditions of their preser... |
sold, donated, destroyed, etc.).
n., The process of identifying materials to be preserved because of their enduring value, especially those material
s to be
physically transferred to an archives. [Archives]
n., A basic archival function of determining the eventual disposal of records based upon their archival value. ... |
inistrative, legal, and fiscal use; their evidential and information value; their arrangement and condition; their intrinsic value; and their relationship to other records. [Archives] n., The process of determining the length of time records should be retained, based on legal requirements and on their current and
poten... |
sal of records, that is, usually either their continuing
preservation or their destruction. In some cases, records may be alienated from their creator. Appraisal involves making a
judgement or estimation of the worthiness of continued preservation of records. [Archives]
n., Appraisal assesses the continuing value of t... |
vation of authentic
records. [Archives]
n., The process of evaluating documents for the purpose of continuing preservation. [Archives]
n., Printed or written statements of evaluation or estimate of the market or other value, cost, utility or other attribute of land,
buildings, works of art, or other objects of proper... |
for the type of item. [Computer and Information Sciences]
n., The process of analyzing and selecting records in order to determine which are suitable for retention as archives. [Computer
and Information Sciences]
n., Determining the market value of an item; see monetary appraisal. [General Dictionaries]
and Informa... |
ecture
n., The rules and conventions of the entity responsible for permanent preservation that govern the appraisal of records. [Archives]
archival bond
n., [diplomatics] An intrinsic element of documentary form that comprises a wish for the realization of the content of the document. [Archives]
appraisal decisions... |
ystem always defines its broad outlines, and may define precise mechanisms as well. [Computer and Information Sciences]
archival arrangement
n.,
The whole of the archival documents comprising an aggregate archival unit. [Archives]
The whole of the archival documents comprising an aggregate archival unit. [Archives... |
the terms and conditions of transfer
from the creator to the preserver. [Models (MCP)]
n., The network of relationships that each record has with the records belonging in the same records aggregation. [Archi
ves]
n.,
The interrelationships between a record and other records resulting from the same activity. [Archive... |
is an incremental relationship which begins when a record isfirst connected to another in the course of action (e.g., a letter requesting information is linked by an archival bond to the draft or copy of the record replying to it, and filed with it. The one gives meaning to the other). [Archives]
n., The relationship... |
rd is made or received and set aside), necessary (i.e.,
it exists for every record), and determined (i.e., it is characterized by the purpose of the record). [Archives]
n., A grade of paper that is durable and has a long life expectancy. [Archives]
it exists for every record), and determined (i.e., it is characterize... |
signed to a record by the records office. [Archives]
n., Traditionally it has been a function of archival description to authenticate the records and perpetuate their administrative and
documentary relationships. [Archives]
n., The creation of an accurate representation of a unit of description and its component part... |
ed it.S yn.: description. [Archives]
n., The process of capturing, collating, analyzing, controlling, exchanging, and providing access to information about 1) the origin, context, and provenance of different sets of records, 2) their filing structure, 3) their form and content, 4)their relationship with other records,... |
n to authenticate the records and perpetuate their administrative and documentary relationships. [Archives]
n., The process analyzing, organizing, and recording details about the formal elements of a record or collection of records, such
as creator of, title, dates, extent, and contents, to facilitate the work's ident... |
rchives]
n., The equivalent for archives of cataloguing in librarianship. The most common standards in use are MAD, RAD and APPM.
[Computer and Information Sciences]
archival description
n., The set of descriptive instruments that provide intellectual and physical control over the records of an archival institution ... |
vided by a creator and the repository which provides enough information to establish provenance, history and context of acquired records and to enable its use by others. [Archives]
: record. [Archives]
n., See
: fonds. [Archives]
n., The set of descriptive instruments that provide intellectual and physical control o... |
and procedures, based on archival concepts, principles and methods, that con
trol recordkeeping and preservation. [Archives]
n., The whole of the policies, strategies and procedures, based on archival concepts, principles and methods, that
control recordkeeping and preservation. [Archives]
n., The application of pri... |
its form, structure and provenancial context on the other. [Archives]
See
See
: records preservation [Archives]
n., [place] A place where records selected for permanent preservation are kept. [Archives]
See
: records preservation system [Archives]
n., The whole of the principles, policies, and strategies adopted b... |
ords, that is produced by interpreting external controls and applying them to the records selected for preservation. [Archives]
conduct of affairs, and preserved. Syn.: fonds. [Archives]
n., A systematic body of knowledge that supports the practice of appraising, acquiring, authenticating, preserving, and
providing ... |
roupings of archival documents comprising a fonds, as delineated during the process of archival arrangem
ent. An archival unit can be a fonds, series, file, item or variation thereof, depending on institutional standards.
A unit may be divided into sub-units for the purposes of archival description. The smallest (and ... |
chival unit can be a fonds, series, file, item or variation thereof, depending on institutional standards.
A unit may be divided into sub-units for the purposes of archival description. The smallest (and therefore indivisible)
archival unit is the item. [Archives]
v., To save digital data, documents, and records, typi... |
ve, and provide
access to those records. [Archives]
n., A repository for information that the user wishes to retain, but without requiring immediate access. (The word is also used as
a verb: to transfer into the archive system.) There are three quite different activities that must be distinguished:
(a) the routine tak... |
er-performance to a lower-performance storage system, initiated by
the operating system, to achieve economies in the total cost to the system manager of information storage;
(c) the voluntary transferring of a file between normal file storage and archive storage, initiated by the user, to achieve
economies in the total... |
dia (usually magnetic tape) to free the hard disk space they occupied. This is now
normally done for long-term storage but in the 1960s, when disk was much more expensive, files were often shuffled regularly
between disk and tape. [Computer and Information Sciences]
n., A single file containing one or (usually) more s... |
Archived files are often compressed to maximize storage media.
[Computer and Information Sciences]
between disk and tape. [Computer and Information Sciences]
n., [place] A place where records selected for permanent preservation are kept. [Archives]
n., [institution] An agency or institution responsible for the prese... |
on in the
conduct of affairs, and preserved. Syn.: fonds. [Archives]
n., [place] The building (or portion thereof) housing archival collections. [Archives]
n., [institution] The division within an organization responsible for maintaining the organization's records of enduring value.
[Archives]
n., [records] Non-cu... |
archival value. [Archives]
n., [records] The whole of the records of a creator. [Archives]
n., [records] The whole of the records created by an agency and preserved. Alias: archival fonds. [Archives]
n., [records] 1) The documents created or received and accumulated by a person or organization in the course of the c... |
n preserved because of their on going value. [Archives]
n., [institution] An organization which collects the archives of individuals, families, or other organizations; a collecting
repository. [Archives]
n., [institution] The agency or program responsible for selecting, acquiring, preserving, and making available arc... |
rvation, and communication of archives selected for
permanent preservation. [Archives]
n., [place] Rooms or sets of rooms for the systematic maintenance and storage of records and documents. [Arts]
n., Archival documents contain accurate and detailed information relevant to many aspects of musical scholarship: to bio... |
the kind of information that primarily musical manuscripts and printed sources
cannot provide.
The term ‘archive’ is here used as defined under §1 below. It is also widely used in a second sense, to denote what bibliographers
would classify as a ‘collection’ or even ‘library’: the Deutsches Musikgeschichtliches Archiv... |
viving papers of a historical person, and a collection, which may include material added by
subsequent collectors. Such a case is the collection in the Library of Congress known as the ‘Rachmaninoff Archives’. See also
Libraries; Collections, private; and Sound archives.
1. Types of archive.
2. Preservation; location.
... |
ed in the course of the activities of a person or persons, or of a public
or private organization; or such records from a number of different sources; and kept together to ensure their preservation and to
promote their use. [Computer and Information Sciences]
n., [records] Records in any medium which were compiled for... |
saction, or their successors or delegates, for their own use and as material for research or reference. [Computer and
Information Sciences]
subsequent collectors. Such a case is the collection in the Library of Congress known as the ‘Rachmaninoff Archives’. See also
n.,
A professional educated in archival science and... |
ividual responsible for appraising, acquiring, arranging and describing, preserving, and providing access to records of
enduring value, and who relies on the principles of provenance, original order, and collective control to protect the materials’
authenticity and context. [Archives]
n., A person professionally educa... |
ription, reference service andoutreach. [Archives]
n., Persons concerned with collecting, evaluating, systemizing, preserving, and making available for reference public records
and documents of historical significance. [Arts]
n., A person who is responsible for the management of archives. [Computer and Information S... |
to their provenance and relationships according to the concepts and principles of archival arrangement. [Models (MCP)]
n., The signature of witnesses to the making of a will or deed. Under the Wills Act 1837 as amended the testator must
acknowledge his signature (see acknowledgment) in the presence of two witnesses wh... |
]
address. Nontext attachments, such as graphics and database files, may require special encoding and decoding software.
n.,
Initialism for “American standard code for information interchange.” [Computer and Information Sciences]
n., A minimal characteristic of an artefact such that it cannot be further subdivided; ... |
s supposed to present when first made or received and set aside. [Archives]
attribute is used to classify artifacts into groups and describes objects in terms of their physical traits. [Sciences]
n.,
A document that, on its being physically connected to a record by an act, becomes part of that record. [Archives]
n.... |
e two are transmitted together to the designated
address. Nontext attachments, such as graphics and database files, may require special encoding and decoding software.
[Computer and Information Sciences]
n., A device attached to a machine or implement. [General Dictionaries]
attachment
n., [diplomatics] An intrinsi... |
uing of it (author, writer, countersigner) and by witnesses to the action or to the signing of the record. [Archives]
n., A concluding portion of a document, especially a formal record, signed by witnesses and often containing language intended to strengthen the presumption that all statutory requirements have been me... |
bscription takes the form of a signature, but this is not always so; for example
telegrams and electronic mail messages present subscriptions which are not signatures. [Archives]
n., The signature of witnesses to the making of a will or deed. Under the Wills Act 1837 as amended the testator must acknowledge his signat... |
witness. [Government]
Seen.,
[diplomatics] The characteristics that uniquely identify a record. [Archives]
n., A minimal characteristic of an artefact such that it cannot be further subdivided; attributes commonly studied include aspects of form, style, decoration, colour, and raw material. [Sciences]
n., A distin... |
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