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s in terms of their physical traits. [Sciences] n., [attributes] Refers most often to characteristics of individual objects, items, or entities, mostly expressions used to describe the thin g. Often readi ly apparent t hough not qua ntif iabl e by an establis hed s tan dard . [Arts] n., Objects conventionally ass...
ne with her wheel and Lawrence with his gridiron, for instance. Other examples are Jove's thunderbolts, the club of Hercules, the scales of Justice, or the anchor of Hope. While some of these were used widely and in many contexts, other attributes were more variable, and in certain periods the invention of esoteric or ...
ic that changes a font, for example from normal to boldface or underlined, or from normal to reverse video. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., In co-ordinate indexing a characteristic mentioned as subject matter. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., A defined property of an entity, object, etc. In computer g...
d Information Sciences] n., A named value or relationship that exists for some or all instances of some entity and is directly associated with that instance. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., In relational database management, a field within a record. [Computer and Information Sciences] might be made in the au...
[General Dictionaries] n., Objects conventionally associated with a person (real or imaginary) by means of which he or she can be identified when portrayed in art. Saints are often shown with the instruments of their martyrdom or torture—Catherine with her wheel and Lawrence with his gridiron, for instance. Other exa...
e, and in certain periods the invention of esoteric or enigmatic attributes was rife. [Arts] n., A record in pictorial and/or aural form, regardless of format. [Archives] n., In co-ordinate indexing a characteristic mentioned as subject matter. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Documentation of all the intera...
ithin an electronic system so that any access to the system can be documented as it occurs for the purpose of preventing unauthorized actions in relation to the records, e.g., modification, deletion, or addition, and of ensuring that changes in one of its components do not cause errors elsewhere in the system (the clos...
n., Information in records that track a transaction from beginning to end, making it possible to review whether it was done according to relevant policies and standards. [Archives] n., Information about transactions or other activities which have affected or changed entities (e.g. metadata elements), held in sufficie...
entry might be made in the audit trail whenever a user logs in or accesses a file. Examination of the audit trail may detect attempts at violating the security of the system and help to identify the violator. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Methods to demonstrate that records were effectively protected from u...
by hearing it. [Archives] n., n., A copy certified by an official authorized to execute such a function, so as to render it legally admissible in court. [Government] A record that is what it purports to be and that is free from tampering or corruption. [Archives] n., A record that is what it purports to be and tha...
at can be proven to be genuine. Authenticity is conferred on a record by its mode, form, and/or state of transmission, and/or manner of preservation and custody. [Archives] n., An authentic record is one that can be proven: To be what it purports to be; to have been created or sent by the person purported to have cre...
h the individual is authorized. [Archives] v., To declare, either orally, in writing, or by affixion of a seal, that an entity is what it purports to be, after having verified its identity. [General Dictionaries] v., To establish an individual's identity in order to grant access to a system or resources to which the ...
juridical/administrative, cultural, and n., A record whose authenticity has been declared at a specific point in time by a juridical person entrusted with the au thority to make such a declaration (e.g. public officer, notary, certification authority). [General Dictionaries] or, if not, what is missing. [Archives] n...
on authority). [Archives] structure, content, and context. [Archives] n., The trustworthiness of a record as a record; i.e., the quality of a record that is what it purports to be and that is free from tampering or corruption. [Archives] n., The concept of authenticity is defined as “the quality of being authentic, ...
reated, by whom, what action or matter it participated in, and what its juridical/administrative, cultural, and documentary contexts were. It must also be possible to ascertain the wholeness and soundness of the record: whether it is intact or, if not, what is missing. [Archives] n., The judgment that something is gen...
e. As being authoritative or duly authorized, as being what it professes in origin or authorship, as being genuine. [Archives] n., The quality of a document of having the character and authority of the original. [Archives] n., In Jenkinson’s formulation, the quality of archives deriving from their being preserved in ...
cesses, and procedures which brought them into being. [Archives] n., Requires that the scene has not been tampered with. [photography] [Arts] n., Whether the image had a verifiable provenance that could establish its authenticity. [Arts] n., The trustworthiness of a digital entity, to its being what it professes to ...
nce that might synonymously be termed 'historically informed' or, 'historically aware, 'or employing 'period' or 'original' instruments and techniques. [Arts] n., So the claim of authenticity was based on identification of a photographer a time and place of exposure and a chain of transmission. [Arts] n., The term 'a...
s (at least) an accurate performance of a work. [Arts] n., The quality of being genuine or original. [Arts] n., The presence of the original is the prerequisite to the concept of authenticity. [Arts] n., The nature of the link between a composer and a work that bears his or her name. [A version of music is authentic...
of photographs examine the photograph as a physical object and a visual image. It is here that the diplomatic notion of authenticity is useful, because it requires that we analyze the photograph in terms of its physical composition, the correspondence between the image and reality it depicts, and the relationship betw...
een used in several senses relating to music. The most common use refers to classes of performance that might synonymously be termed ‘historically informed’ or ‘historically aware’, or employing ‘period’ or ‘original’ instruments and techniques. [Arts] n., Authenticity in transcription is a relation notion that operte...
the characteristics of the medium for which the transcriptions is written. [Arts] n., The authenticity of a photographic print should be based on certification by the photographer. Even if two prints were virtually (or even actually)indistinguishable, only the one certified by the photographer would count as genuine o...
nown as authentication, essential in appraising the value of an item. See also: forge ry. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Authenticity and genuineness of photographs examine the photograph as a physical object and a visual image. It is here that n., The specification of the elements of form and context that ne...
ationship between the image and its label in n., The physical or juridical person having the authority and capacity to issue the record or in whose name or by whose command the record has been issued. [Archives] n., May be an individual or organisation. To be captured whenever possible. [Archives] n., The individual,...
by it, by its command, or in its name. The author of the record may coincide with the author of the action in which the record participates or it may not. [Archives] n., Persons who write or otherwise compose books, articles, poems, plays, or other works which involve literary composition and are intended for publicat...
tative copy n., The instantiation of a record that is considered by the creator to be its official record and is usually subject to procedural controls that are not required for other instantiations. [Archives] n., A record that is considered by the creator to be its official record and is usually subject to procedur...
f a records retention schedule…It is understood that in certain circumstances there may be multiple authoritative copies of records, depending on the purpose for which the record is created. [Archives] n., The copy of a record that is considered to be its official record and is usually subject to procedural controls t...
as been issued. [Archives] n., A record that is considered by the creator to be its official record and is usually subject to procedural controls that are not required for other copies. The identification of authoritative records corresponds to the designation of an office of primary responsibility as one of the comp...
s that are not required for other versions. [Archives] authority n., The right or permission to act legally on another's behalf; esp., the power of one person to affect another's legal relations by acts done in accordance with the other's manifestations of assent; the power delegated by a principal to an agent. [Gove...
a given subject. In the academic community, authority is indicated by credentials, previously published works on the subject, institutional affiliation, awards, imprint, reviews, patterns of citation, etc. [Computer and Information Sciences] n.,n., To make a copy of a data file for the purpose of system recovery. [C...
Information Sciences] n., A database that contains and manages data for an information system, distinct from the presentation or interface compone nts of that system. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., The right or permission to act legally on another's behalf; esp., the power of one person to affect another's ...
ose of system recovery. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., A resource that can be used as a substitute in the event of, say, a fault in a component or system or loss of data from a computer file. A backup file is a copy of a file taken in case the original is destroyed or unintentionally altered and the data lost...
a copy in anticipation of future failure or corruption. Thus a dump forms a backup to be used in cases where a user's file has become unusable; the taking of the dump can be regarded as backing up the version on disk. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., A copy of an electronic file usually made and maintained for...
ion Sciences] n., A copy of all or portions of software or data files on a system kept on storage media, such as tape or disk, or on a separate system so that the files can be restored if the original data is deleted or damaged. [Computer and Information Sciences] v., To make a copy of all or portions of software or ...
system made for safety purposes. [Computer and Information Sciences] v., To make a copy of all or portions of software or data files on a system on storage media or on a separate system for safety n., The ability of a software application or a system to share data or commands with older versions of itself, or sometim...
end to being able to write data in a format that can be read by old versions. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., A duplicate copy of all or portions of software or data files on a system made for safety purposes. [Computer and Information n., The minimum conditions necessary to enable the preserver to attest to t...
ated or in which it was last used and saved, thus making it more immediately accessible and human-readable in the creator’s usual desktop environment. [Archives] bitstream n., The conditions that serve as a basis for the preserver’s assessment of the authenticity of a creator's digital records during appraisal. [Arch...
point in evaluating the effectiveness of alternative methods of accomplishing the same task. [General Dictionaries] binary encoding n., A code made up of the digits 0 and 1, called bits, transmitted as a series of electrical pulses (0 bits at low voltage and 1 bits at higher voltage). [Computer and Information Scien...
l-life situations, a procedure that, when properly applied, consistently yields superior results and is therefore used as a reference point in evaluating the effectiveness of alternative methods of accomplishing the same task. [General Dictionaries] n., The smallest un it of data (re pr esente d by 0 o r 1) that a c...
es (0 bits at low voltage and 1 bits at higher voltage). [Computer and Information Sciences] n., A digital representation composed of dots arranged in rows and columns, each represented by a single bit of data that determines the value of a pixel in a monochrome image on a computer screen. In a gray scale or color ima...
it map.” [Computer and Information Sciences] n., A data file or structure which corresponds bit for bit with an image displayed on a screen, probably in the same format as it would be stored in the display's video memory or maybe as a device independent bitmap. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., A binary repres...
chrome image on a raster display. If a color or gray-level image is required, needing many bits to define each pixel in the display, a pixmap is required. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., In computer graphics, an area in memory that represents the video image. For monochrome screens, one bit in the bitmap repre...
and Information Sciences] n., In computer graphics, an area in memory that represents the video image. For monochrome screens, one bit in the bitmap n., Digital data encoded in an unstructured sequence of binary bits that are transmitted, stored or received as a unit. Also spelled “bit stream.” [Computer and Informati...
ission of binary signals. [Computer and Information Sciences] cd n., The changes to the form and/or content of a digital record that are limited and controlled by fixed rules, so that the same query, request or interaction always generates the same result. [Computer and Information Sciences] byte n., A series of r...
uct. [Archives] calling convention n., An element in the machine data hierarchy larger than a bit and usually smaller than a word; now nearly always eight bits and the smallest addressable unit of digital storage. A byte typically holds one character. [Computer and Information Sciences] byte-serialized encoding n.,...
te stream state. [Computer and Information Sciences] n.,n., In computer application programming, the arrangement of arguments (i.e., values or references) for a procedure or function call. [Computer and Information Sciences] A series of rules that governs the carrying out of a transaction. [Archives] v., To save a...
n., Registration, classification, addition of metadata and storage of a record in a system that manages record s. [Archives] n., The act of recording or saving a particular instantiation of a digital object. [Archives] v., To copy or save what is being displayed on a computer screen. [Arts] v., A technique from the...
d by a virtual actor or dancer th at's been computer-generated. [Glossary of Technical Theatre Terms] [Arts] v., To save a particular state of a program. The term capture often refers to saving the information currently displayed on a display screen. You can capture the screen to a printer or to a file. [Computer and ...
igital document that is saved by the creator. [Archives] computer-generated. [Glossary of Technical Theatre Terms] [Arts] n., Initialism for “compact disc.” [Computer and Information Sciences] n., The act of recording in a permanent file. [General Dictionaries] n., Initialism for “Comité Européen de Normalisation”...
data according to instructions contained in the programs installed on it. [Computer and Information Sciences] character set n., A declaration by the creator or preserver that one or more reproduced or reproducible digital records is authentic. [Archives] n., A document included with a software program that proves t...
servation n., A system of controls that extends over the entire lifecycle of records in order to ensure their identity and integrity over time. [Archives] n., The succession of offices or persons who held materials from the moment it was created. [Archives] n., The processes of creation, maintenance and use, disposi...
cords are represented in storage or presented for use [GL]. [Archives] n., One of a set of symbols, such as letters or numbers, that are arranged to express data and/or information. [General Dictionaries] n., One of a set of symbols, such as letters or numbers, that are arranged to express data and/or information. [G...
nd display text electronically. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., A system of controls that extends over the entire lifecycle of records in order to ensure their identity and integrity over time. [Archives] n., The date (and, possibly, the time of day) of a record, included in the record by its author, or by th...
purchased legally and often has a unique identification number used to verify the program when being installed on the computer. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Text or other data in encrypted form; the product of plaintext after encryption. [Computer and Information Sciences] extends over the entire lifecyc...
rocedures, or conventions represented in a plan or scheme. [Archives] n., The ordering of archaeological data into groups (e.g. categories, classes, types) using various ordering systems. Monothetic classification is based on all the defined attributes being present all the time before something is accepted as part o...
sisted recognition of surface materials. The process assigns individual pixels of an image to categories (e.g. vegetation, road) based on spectral characteristics compared to spectral characteristics of known parts of an image (training areas). [Sciences] n., Any scheme for structuring data that is used to group indiv...
assification plan/scheme. [Archives] n., Any method of recognizing relationships between documents. [Archives] n., The preparation of filing plan/system or classification scheme for records/archives and the placing of series and/or items within such a plan/system or scheme. [Archives] n., A 'coding' system within wh...
ther material in a logical sequence according to subject or form. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Any method of recognizing relations, generic or other, between items of information, regardless of the degree of hierarchy used and of whether those methods are applied in connection with traditional or computeriz...
e process of assigning restrictions to materials, allowing access to specific individuals. [General Dictionaries] n., The process of assigning material a code or heading indicating a category to which it belongs; see code. [General Dictionaries] n., Systematic identification and arrangement of business activities and...
materials into categories according to a scheme that identifies, distinguishes, and relates the categories. [General Dictionaries] n., The arrangement of concepts into classes and their subdivisions to express the relationship among them. The classes are represented by means of a notation. The classification scheme o...
ng of records and their organization in files, the retrieval and the security of records during the phase of records management and also the historical research when records are permanently retained in historical archives. For each category and its subdivisions, records are connected as files of one year or two years o...
val and the security of records during the phase of records n., A series of alphabetical, numerical, or alphanumeric symbols used to identify the record in its documentary context. [Archives] its subdivisions, records are connected as files of one year or two years or a different period of time: each file refers to a ...
ules. [Archives] clause n., A record, made or received by the creator, which has been given a classification code based on the classification scheme. [Archives] compact disc v., To arrange systematically in groups or categories according to established criteria. [Arts] v., The process of dividing objects or conce...
erm classification system or classification scheme. See also: Cataloging and Classification Section and cross-classification [Computer and Information Sciences] v., To bring individual items or persons with the same or similar characteristics together actually, or mentally, that is,conceptually. Also, in a secondary s...
lae found after or within the disposition of a document that ensure the execution of the act, avoid its violation, guarantee its validity, preserve the rights of third parties, attest the execution of the required formalities, or indicate the means employed to give the document probative value. [Archives] n., [diploma...
s of third parties, attest the execution of the required formalities, or indicate the means employed to give the document probative value. [Archives] n., A plan for the systematic identification and arrangement of business activities and records into categories according to logically structured conventions, methods an...
piral track or groove that is cut and read by a laser beam. Its logical format specifications are governed by the ISO 9660 and 13490 standards. [Computer and Information Sciences] A sphere of functional responsibility entrusted to a physical or juridical person. [General Dictionaries] n., The ability of different dev...
ats, protocols, even programming languages) that can work together or ex change data are said to be compatible. [Computer and Information Sciences] a., The ability of one device or program to work with another device or program. The term compatible implies different d egrees of partnership. For example, a printer and ...
Information Sciences] compile n., A sphere of functional responsibility entrusted to a physical or juridical person. [General Dictionaries] n., The ability to carry out a task or practice a skill; competence should be capable of evaluation and should be transferable between trainers and trainees. Core competencies...
authority given to an office or person to accomplish something. [General Dictionaries] n. , H aving the basic qualifications to perform a function. [General Dictionaries] n., The characteristic of records that present all the elements of physical form and intellectual form required by the agency and the juridical s...
iven the exclusive competence for the indefinite preservation of an agency's inactive records. [Archives] The office which is given a competence and has, therefore, the authority and capacity to act within it. [Archives] n., The property of having every necessary step concluded with nothing wanting. [General Dictionar...
ies] n., A record that contains all the elements required by the creator and the juridical system for it to be capable of generatin g consequences. [Archives] n., (of witnesses) The legal capacity of a person to be a witness. [Government] n., The characteristic of a record that refers to the presence within it of al...
. [Archives] n., The characteristic of records that present all the elements of physical form and intellectual form required by the agency and the juridical system. [Archives] n., The property or state of being logically or mathematically complete. In logic, an inference procedure is complete if it ca n derive every ...
Sciences] n., The property of having every necessary step concluded with nothing wanting. [General Dictionaries] n., The property of having all physical and intellectual components required by the process or laws regulating the system that created the record. [General Dictionaries] content v., Ensuring that the re...
"yours truly". [Archives] conformed copy n., Uniquely identifiable input, part, piece, assembly or subassembly, system or subsystem, that (1) is required to complete or finish an activity, item, or job, (2) performs a distinctive and necessary function in the operation of a system, or (3) is intended to be included ...
., To compile, formulate, generate or write the content of a document in an orderly, structured manner. [Archives] n., v., The (re)coding of digital data to save storage space or transmission time. [Computer and Information Sciences] v., Removal from a file or data stream of information that may be redundant either...
. In the former sense, the abbreviation is lossless, while in the latter sense it is lossy. Compression permits either or both kinds, and so its effects are not always exactly reversible. [Computer and Information Sciences] [diplomatics] A brief formula expressing respect, such as "sincerely yours" or "yours truly". ...
notation that it was signed by the person whose signature appears on the original. [Archives] To compile, formulate, generate or write the content of a document in an orderly, structured manner. [Archives] n., The message contained in the body of a record. [Archives] n., The intellectual substance of a document –...
or visual message that is meant to be conveyed. [Archives] n., The essential matter or substance of a written work or discourse, as opposed to its form or style. In a more general sense, all the ideas, topics, facts, or statements contained in a book or other written work. Synonymous in this sense with subject matter....
to the matter that is the subject of a course of study. Compare with contents. See also: content analysis and editorial n., The framework in which a record is created, used, and maintained. [Archives] n., The position of an archaeological find in time and space, established by measuring and assessing its association...
nding the deposition of archaeological material and the formation of archaeological deposits. [Sciences] n., The circumstances that a user may bring to a document that influences that user’s understanding of the document. [Archives] n., The organization functional and operational circumstances in which documents are ...
, provenancial context, procedural context, documentary context, and technological context . [Archives] n., The framework of action in which the record participates. [Archives] n., In a grammar it refers to the symbols before and after the symbol under consideration. If the syntax of a symbol is independent of its c...
ntent unchanged. [Archives] n., The agency exercising administrative control (1) over archival documents. [Archives] v., To move data to a different format, especially data from an obsolete format to a current format; migration. [Computer and n., The process of transforming a digital document or other digital object...
changed. [Archives] n., A change from one form to another. Umbrella term that includes migration, refreshment, reproduction, etc. [Archives] n., [data conversion] Changing the representation of data in a database from one form to another, as for instance changing the storage medium, data format, or the code in which ...
f changing the representation of information to a form which is usable by a computer, e.g. converting it to machine 'language'. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., (in equity) The changing (either actually or fictionally) of one kind of property into another. [Government] n., Process of changing records from one ...
of business (otherwise the activity is not conversion but creation) for purposes of security, disaster prevention, conservation, overcoming technology obsolescence, ensuring compatibility with a different hardware or software configuration or generation, or compacting the information, while leaving intact their intelle...
vity is not convert records but create records), leaving intact the intellectual form, for purposes of security, disaster prevention, conservation, overcoming technology obsolescence, or compacting the information while preserving the record’s reliability and authenticity. [Archives] imitation than does the term "repr...
eneral Dictionaries] n., A copy is the result of a reproduction process. A copy can be made from an original or from a copy of either an original or another copy. [Archives] n., An entity that is generated from and resembles a record. [Archives] v., To make a reproduction of a record in any state of transmission for...
n., Reproduction, duplicate or replica. [Arts] n., [copies] Specific specimens of a given written or printed work; may be issued in multiples as an edition. [Arts] n., [copies] Refers to objects derived from or made to resemble original existing objects. Implies less precise and faithful imitation than does the ter...
ons." [Arts] v., Non-fraudulent manual repetition of another work of art. The non-fraudulent copy may be divided into three distinct but not necessarily mutually exclusive categories: the copy as a means of duplication; the copy in art education; and the copy as a starting-point for the creation of another art work (o...
oduce a replica of some stored information in a different part of the store or on a different storage device. For example, a piece of text or graphical information can be copied by marking it in some way, reading it into a temporary storage area, and writing it into a new location (compare cut). [Computer and Informati...
t. [Arts] n., A copy identical to the original and having the same effects, but generated subsequently. [Archives] n., Copy in the form of an original, which is identical to the original although generated subsequently. [Archives] v., Non-fraudulent manual repetition of another work of art. The non-fraudulent copy...
reation of another art work (often called "artists' copies" to distinguish the genre from the essentially utilitarian function of the first two categories). [Arts] n., The reproduction of a document sent to an external juridical or physical person, which is simultaneously set aside as a record by the creator, usually ...
aphical information can be copied by marking it in some way, reading it into a temporary storage area, and writing it into a new location (compare cut). [Computer and Information Sciences] n., An organization or group of persons created by statute that is identified by a particular name and that acts as a legal entity...
record whose content and form fulfill the requirements set by the creator and the juridical system for the record to reach the consequences or produce the effects for which it was intended. With pertinent, precise and truthful, a component of accuracy. [Archives] corroboration n., [diplomatics] An intrinsic element ...
r”. [Government] copy of outgoing document n., A change in the form, content or attributes of a record such that the record one is accessing can no longer be considered the one that it purports to be. [Archives] n., A change in data such that the data content received is not what was originally sent. [Arts] n., The...
enefit either personally or for someone else , contrary to the rights of others. [Government] n., The person who, by signing a record, assumes responsibility for the regularity of the procedure generating it and for its forms. [General Dictionaries] n., The person who, by signing a record, assumes responsibility for ...
eously set aside as a record by the creator, usually in a recordkeeping system. [Archives] Initialism for “central processing unit.” [Computer and Information Sciences] creator n., A made or received document declared a record and set aside for action or reference, usually in a recordkeeping system. [Archives] cros...
records in the course of its activities. [Archives] n., Individual person, organisation or other body that generates records in the course of their activities (MG). [Archives] n., The person or organization that creates or receives and accumulates documents. [Archives] n., The physical or juridical person who makes,...
ting, or otherwise producing records or documents for which some form of disposition must be made once their archival value has been appraised. Also refers to the person responsible for producing an original work of visual art. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., The entity that is responsible for something's prod...