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# Blended Learning in K-12/The many names of Blended Learning |previous=Definition |next=Why is Blended Learning Important?}} ``` Blended Learning has been around for many years, but the name has changed as the uses and recognition have increased. Many people may be using a form of blended learning in lessons and teac...
# Blended Learning in K-12/Why is Blended Learning Important? |previous=The many names of Blended Learning |next=Evolution of Blended Learning}} ``` Now that you know what blended learning is, you may be asking yourself, \"Why do I need to know about blended learning? Why is it important?\" Over the years, many groups...
# Blended Learning in K-12/Types of Blended Learning |previous=Evolution of Blended Learning |next=Types of Blended Learning/multimedia virtual internet}} ``` As stated previously, K-12 may be the last to utilize Blended Learning but it has certainly gone beyond the \'trickle down effect.\' There is a growing trend to...
# Blended Learning in K-12/Characteristics of Blended Learning |previous=Types of Blended Learning/Synchronous Asychronous Discussions |next=General Comparisons in Blended Learning }} ``` What are the main characteristics of Blended Learning? What makes blended learning unique, different, special? The term "Blended L...
# Blended Learning in K-12/General Comparisons in Blended Learning |previous=Characteristics of Blended Learning |next=Pedagogical Models- blending constructivism, behaviorism and cognitivism }} ``` **Offline and Online Learning** One of the most distinguishable characteristics of blending learning is its ability to c...
# Blended Learning in K-12/Pedagogical Models- blending constructivism, behaviorism and cognitivism |previous=General Comparisons in Blended Learning |next=Synchronous and asynchronous communication methods}} ``` One of the harshest criticisms of Blended Learning is that the focus tends to be on the instructor, rather...
# Blended Learning in K-12/Synchronous and asynchronous communication methods |previous=Pedagogical Models- blending constructivism, behaviorism and cognitivism |next=Design of Blended Learning in K-12}} ``` Synchronous and Asynchronous Communication Methods `   In blended learning, instructors use facets of self-pa...
# Blended Learning in K-12/Blended Learning's Lesson Design Process |previous=Design of Blended Learning in K-12|Blended Learning by Design |next=Guiding Principles of Blended Learning|Guiding Principles]}} ``` ### Designing a Lesson The keystone standards of blended learning are akin to other forms of learning. Iden...
# Blended Learning in K-12/Guiding Principles of Blended Learning |previous=Blended Learning's Lesson Design Process|Designing a Lesson |next=Success Tips}} ``` ### Guiding Principles A definitive statement of what constitutes the best combination of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and face-to-face lea...
# Blended Learning in K-12/Success Tips ## Success Tips Designing a blended learning environment can be a complicated and involved process. Several experienced authors have offered tips for success in such an endeavor. One such author, who appears at every attempt to search the web for blended learning information, i...
# Blended Learning in K-12/Application of Blended Learning in K-12 |previous=Success Tips |next=Blended_Learning_In_Grades_K-2}} ``` `   While e-learning with no face-to-face contact may be a practical method of instructional delivery for college student, it is often not suitable for younger students.  When implemente...
# Blended Learning in K-12/Blended Learning In Grades K-2 |previous=Application of Blended Learning in K-12 |next=Blended Learning in Grades 3-6}} ``` Blended learning within early childhood education is an interesting concept; *how can a student who lacks the ability to read and write be part of a virtual community?*...
# Blended Learning in K-12/Blended Learning in Grades 3-6 |previous=Blended Learning In Grades K-2 |next=Blended_Learning_In_Grades_7-8}} ``` **Starting Out With Blended Learning** As students become more confident of their technology skills in grades 3-6, and access to technology at home increases, the opportunitie...
# Blended Learning in K-12/Blended Learning In Grades 7-8 |previous=Blended Learning in Grades 3-6 |next=Blended Learning in Grades 9-12}} ``` ## Blended Learning Grades 7--8 As students mature and can handle learning without constant teacher attention, online applications may become more effective for teaching some...
# Blended Learning in K-12/Blended Learning in Grades 9-12 |previous=Blended_Learning_In_Grades_7-8 |next=References}} ``` Today\'s high school student often has the maturity and technical expertise necessary to participate in e-learning experiences. However, students of this age frequently require the support of a t...
# FHSST Physics/Info **Free High School Science Texts (FHSST)** is an initiative to develop and distribute free science textbooks to grade 11 - 12 learners in South Africa. The primary objectives are: - To provide a \*free\* resource, that can be used alone or in conjunction with other education initiatives in...
# FHSST Physics/Introduction \<\< Main Page \-- First Chapter (Units) \>\> ## Introduction Physics is the study of the laws which govern space, structure and time. In a sense we are more qualified to do physics than any other science. From the day we are born we study the things around us in an effort to understand ...
# FHSST Physics/Waves ## Waves and Wavelike Motion Waves occur frequently in nature. The most obvious examples are waves in water on a dam, in the ocean, or in a bucket, but sound waves and electromagnetic waves are other, less visible examples. We are most interested in the properties that waves have. All waves have...
# FHSST Physics/Vectors # Vectors NOTE TO SELF: SW: initially this chapter had a very mathematical approach. I have toned this down and tried to present in a logical way the techniques of vector manipulation after first exploring the mathematical properties of vectors. Most of the PGCE comments revolved around the om...
# FHSST Physics/Momentum **Momentum** is the product of the mass and velocity of an object. In general the momentum of an object can be conceptually thought of as the tendency for an object to continue in its current state of motion, speed and direction. As such, it is a natural consequence of Newtons first law. Mom...
# FHSST Physics/Newtonian Gravitation # Newtonian Gravitation !Sir Isaac Newton All objects on Earth are pulled downward, towards the ground. This phenomenon is called **gravity**. Every object falls just as fast as any other object (unless the air slows it down like a feather, or pushes it up like a balloon), as fir...
# FHSST Physics/Pressure **Essay 3: Pressure and Forces** Author: Asogan Moodaly Asogan Moodaly received his Bachelor of Science degree (with honours) in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Natal, Durban in South Africa. For his final year design project he worked on a 3-axis filament winding machine for c...
# FHSST Physics/Electrostatics # Electrostatics The study of the effects of static charges. These charges are produced by too many or too few electrons. Electrons, in turn, are the most movable charge forms, and are found spread around the positive charge in the nucleus of the atom. If there are too few electrons, a ...
# FHSST Physics/Electricity # Electricity > --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------...
# FHSST Physics/Atomic Nucleus # Inside atomic nucleus Amazingly enough, the human mind that is contained inside a couple of liters of human\'s brain, is able to deal with extremely large as well as extremely small objects such as the whole universe and its smallest building blocks. So, what are these building blocks...
# Physics Study Guide/Purpose ## Purpose of Physics The aim of the study of physics is to understand the natural world, in its broadest and most fundamental sense. By understanding it, we hope to be able to explain and predict (typically through the mathematics that are developed) and ultimately modify (oftentimes th...
# Physics Study Guide/Scientific Method ## Scientific Method In order to uncover these \'laws of nature\', physics (like all science) relies on a *deliberately-structured process* of - observe a natural phenomenon, (for example thanks to an experimentation) - creating a theory or model, - testing the theor...
# Physics Study Guide/Normal Force and Friction ## The Normal Force Why is it that we stay steady in our chairs when we sit down? According to the first law of motion, if an object is translationally in equilibrium (velocity is constant), the sum of all the forces acting on the object must be equal to zero. For a per...
# Physics Study Guide/Circular Motion ## Uniform Circular Motion ### Speed and frequency !A two dimensional polar co-ordinate system. The point $M$ can be located in 2D plane as $(a,b)$ in Cartesian coordinate system or $(r,\theta)$ in polar coordinate system in Cartesian coordinate system or (r,\theta) in polar coo...
# Physics Study Guide/Torque ## Torque and Circular Motion Circular motion is the motion of a particle at a set distance (called radius) from a point. For circular motion, there needs to be a force that makes the particle turn. This force is called the \'centripetal force.\' Please note that the centripetal force is ...
# Physics Study Guide/Waves # Waves Wave is defined as the movement of any periodic motion like a spring, a pendulum, a water wave, an electric wave, a sound wave, a light wave, etc. !A wave with constant amplitude.{width="400"} Any periodic wave that has amplitude varied with time, phase sinusoidally can be express...
# Physics Study Guide/Standing waves ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Standing waves ---------------------------------------------- $\|\vec{v}\|=\sqrt{\frac{\|\vec{T}\|}{\mu}}$ ---------------------------------------------- **Wave speed** is equal to the square root...
# Physics Study Guide/Sound Sound is defined as mechanical sinosodial vibratory longitudinal impulse waves which oscillate the pressure of a transmitting medium by means of adiabatic compression and decompression consequently resulting in the increase in the angular momentum and hence rotational kinetic energy of the ...
# Physics Study Guide/Fluids ## Buoyancy **Buoyancy** is the force due to pressure differences on the top and bottom of an object under a fluid (gas or liquid). Net force = buoyant force - force due to gravity on the object ## Bernoulli\'s Principle Fluid flow is a complex phenomenon. An ideal fluid may be describ...
# Physics Study Guide/Fields # Fields A field is one of the more difficult concepts to grasp in physics. A field is an area or region in which an influence or force is effective regardless of the presence or absence of a material medium. Simply put, a **field** is a collection of vectors often representing the force ...
# Physics Study Guide/Thermodynamics # Introduction Thermodynamics deals with the movement of heat and its conversion to mechanical and electrical energy among others. # Laws of Thermodynamics ### First Law The `<b>`{=html}First Law`</b>`{=html} is a statement of conservation of energy law: +---------------------...
# Physics Study Guide/Theories of Electricity ## Intro All atoms are made of charged particles called electrons, neutrons and protons. At the center of each atom is a nucleus of neutrons and protons, which is surrounded by electrons orbiting it on circular paths. ## Charged Particles The three main subatomic partic...
# Physics Study Guide/Physics constants # Commonly Used Physical Constants Name Symbol Value Units Relativ...
# Physics Study Guide/Frictional Coefficients ## Approximate Coefficients of Friction ```{=html} <CENTER> ``` ```{=html} <TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 WIDTH="60%"> ``` ```{=html} <TR> ``` ```{=html} <TD> ``` **Material** ```{=html} </TD> ``` ```{=html} <TD> ``` **Kinetic** ```{=html} </TD> ``` ```{=ht...
# Physics Study Guide/Greek alphabet # About the *Common uses in Physics* While these are indeed common usages, it should be pointed out that there are many other usages and that other letters are used for the same purpose. The reason is quite simple: there are only so many symbols in the Greek and Latin alphabets, a...
# Physics Study Guide/Vectors and scalars **Vectors** are quantities that are characterized by having both a numerical **quantity** (called the \"magnitude\" and denoted as \|*v*\|) and a **direction**. Velocity is an example of a vector; it describes the time rated change in position with a numerical quantity (meters...
# Physics Study Guide/Topics 1. Displacement, velocity, and acceleration - Vectors and scalars 2. Force 3. Ropes and tension 4. Gravity 5. Momentum and collision force 6. Energy - Kinetic energy 7. Friction 8. Periodic Motion 9. Torque 10. Circular Motion - Center of Mass...
# Physics Study Guide/Style Guide #### Equations For uniformity in the book a template should be used for embeding equations. View the template at Template:PSG/eq use it as follows `{{PSG/eq|<math>ax^2+bx+c=0</math>}}` Which gives #### Units Units should be given using the \\mathrm{} command and small spaces \\,...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Chemicals !original image by jurvetson CC-BY{width="400"} ## Objectives After completing this section, you should know the: - symbols used to represent elements; - names of molecules commonly found in animal cells; - characteristics of ions and electrolytes; - basic struc...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Classification !original image by R\'Eyes cc by{width="400"} ## Objectives After completing this section, you should know: - how to write the scientific name of animals correctly - know that animals belong to the Animal kingdom and that this is divided into phyla, classes...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/The Cell !original image by pong cc by{width="400"} ## Objectives After completing this section, you should know: :\*that cells can be of different shapes and sizes :\*the role and function of the plasma membrane; cytoplasm, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endopla...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Body Organisation !original image by grrphoto cc by{width="400"} In this chapter, the way the cells of the body are organised into different tissues is described. You will find out how these tissues are arranged into organs, and how the organs form systems such as the digestive sys...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/The Skin !original image by Fran-cis-ca cc by{width="400"} The skin is the first of the eleven body systems to be described. Each chapter from now on will cover one body system. The skin, sometimes known as the **Integumentary System** is, in fact, the largest organ of the body. I...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/The Skeleton !original image by heschong cc by{width="400"} ## Objectives After completing this section, you should know: - the functions of the skeleton - the basic structure of a vertebrae and the regions of the vertebral column - the general structure of the skull - ...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Muscles !original image by eclecticblogs cc by{width="400"} ## Objectives After completing this section, you should know: - The structure of smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscle and where they are found. - What the insertion and origin of a muscle is. - What flexion and ...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Respiratory System !original image by Zofia P cc by{width="400"} ## Objectives After completing this section, you should know: - why animals need energy and how they make it in cells - why animals require oxygen and need to get rid of carbon dioxide - what the term gas exch...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Lymphatic System !original image by Toms Bauģis cc by{width="400"} ## Objectives After completing this section, you should know: - the function of the lymphatic system - what the terms tissue fluid, lymph, lymphocyte and lymphatic mean - how lymph is formed and what is in i...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/The Gut and Digestion !original image by vnysia cc by{width="400"} ## Objectives After completing this section, you should know: - what is meant by the terms: ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion, peristalsis and chyme - the characteristics, advantages...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Urinary System ## Objectives After completing this section, you should know: - Understand the parts of the urinary system. - The structure and function of a kidney. - The structure and function of a kidney tubule or nephron. - The processes of filtration, reabsorption, sec...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Reproductive System !original image by ynskjen cc by{width="400"} ## Objectives After completing this section, you should know: - the role of mitosis and meiosis in the production of gametes (sperm and ova) - that gametes are haploid cells - that fertilization forms a d...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Nervous System !Original image by Royalty-free image collection. Used under a CC-BY licence.{width="400"} ## Objectives After completing this section, you should know: - the role of the nervous system in coordinating an animal's response to the environment - that the nerv...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/The Senses !original image by miss pupik cc by{width="400"} ## Objectives After completing this section, you should know: - that the general senses of touch, pressure, pain etc. are situated in the dermis of the skin and in the body - that the special senses include those...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Endocrine System !original image by Denis Gustavo cc by{width="400"} **PREPARED BY ARNOLD WAMUKOTA, BUSIA** ## Objectives After completing this section, you should know: - The characteristics of endocrine glands and hormones - The position of the main endocrine glands in the...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/The Author ![](Ruth_-_small.jpg "Ruth_-_small.jpg"){width="300"} Ruth Lawson is a zoologist who gained her first degree at Imperial College, London University and her D.Phil from York University, UK. After post graduate research on the tropical parasitic worm that causes schistosom...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Acknowledgements Many thanks to Terry Marler (B.V.S.C.) for his guiding vision, wisdom, experience and patience. His advice throughout the writing of this WikiBook has been invaluable. I would also like to thank Bronwyn Hegarty, for gently shepherding the project through the many hu...
# Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Table of contents **Table of Contents for Print Version** ## Chapter 1 Chemicals Page Number 14 Objectives 14 Elements and atoms 15 Compounds and molecules 16 Chemical reactions 16 Ionisation 16 Organic and inorganic compounds 17 Carbohydrates 18 Fats 19 Proteins 20 Summ...
# Introduction to Online Convex Optimization - Second Edition # List of Symbols {#list-of-symbols .unnumbered} ### General {#general .unnumbered} ----------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- $\stackrel{\text{\tiny def}}{=}$ definition $\mathop{\mathrm{\arg\min}}\{ \...
# Introduction to Trustworthy Machine Learning ## Scale is all we need? ::: definition Generalization An ML model generalizes well if the rules found on the training set can be applied to new test situations we are interested in. ::: The story of Machine Learning (ML) seems to be that a bigger model with more data i...
# Convex Optimization: Algorithms and Complexity / Introduction {#intro} The central objects of our study are convex functions and convex sets in $\mathbb{R}^n$. ::: definition A set $\mathcal{X}\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ is said to be convex if it contains all of its segments, that is $$\forall (x,y,\gamma) \in \mathcal{...
# Building Abstractions with Procedures {#Chapter 1} > The acts of the mind, wherein it exerts its power over simple ideas, > are chiefly these three: 1. Combining several simple ideas into one > compound one, and thus all complex ideas are made. 2. The second is > bringing two ideas, whether simple or complex, togeth...