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\section{Introduction}
\noindent The vertical dynamics of a free falling ball on a moving racket is considered. The racket is supposed to
move periodically in the vertical direction according to a regular periodic function $f(t)$ and
the ball is reflected according to the law of elastic bouncing when hitting the
racket... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\subsection{Deligne's category $\mathop{\underline{\smash{\mathrm{Rep}}}}(GL_t)$}
From the perspective of the
Killing-Cartan-Weyl classification of simple Lie algebras
and their representation theory in terms of highest weights, root systems, Weyl groups and associated combinatorics
it is not so easy to
understand th... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Mobile ad-hoc networking has presented many challenges to the research community,
especially in designing suitable, efficient, and well performing protocols.
The practical analysis and validation of such protocols often depends on
synthetic data, generated by some mobility model... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{SecIntro}
Let $\mathcal{G}=(V,E)$ be a connected undirected graph, with $V$ at most countable and each vertex $x\in V$ of finite degree. We do not allow self-loops, however the edges might be multiple. Given $e\in E$ an edge, we will denote
$e_{+}$ and $e_{-}$ its end-vertices, even though... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction} \label{farey_intro}
In \cite{Weyl1} Hermann Weyl developed a general and far-reaching theory for the equidistribution of sequences modulo 1, which is discussed from a historical point of view in Stammbach's paper \cite{Stammbach}. Especially Weyl's result that for real $t$ the sequence
$
t ,\, ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The design of efficient flow control strategies for wall-bounded
turbulent flows aimed at reducing drag or energy expenditure remains
one of the most relevant and challenging goals in fluid mechanics
\citep{spalart2011drag}. For instance, approximately half the
propulsive power... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Let $R$ be a finite ring equipped with a weight $w$. Two linear codes
$C, D \le {_RR^n}$ are \emph{isometrically equivalent} if there is an
isometry between them, i.e., an $R$-linear bijection $\varphi: C
\longrightarrow D$ that satisfies $w(\varphi(c))=w(c)$ for all $c\in
C$. We say that $\var... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
All graphs considered in this paper are finite and simple
(undirected, loopless and without multiple edges). Let $G=(V,E)$
be a graph and $k\in \mathbb{N}$ and $[k]:=\{i|\ i\in
\mathbb{N},\ 1\leq i\leq k \}$. A $k$-coloring (proper k-coloring)
of $G$ is a function $f:V\rightarrow [k]$ such that f... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In this paper, we study the cyclicity problem with respect to the forward shift operator $S_b$ acting on the de Branges--Rovnyak space $\HH(b)$, associated to a function $b$ belonging to the closed unit ball of $H^\infty$ and satisfying $\log(1-|b|)\in L^1(\mathbb T)$. This problem of cyclicity h... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Detecting communities (or clusters) in graphs is a fundamental problem that has many applications, such as finding like-minded people in social networks~\cite{Ref5}, and improving recommendation systems~\cite{Ref6}.
Community detection is affiliated with various problems in ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Cascade effects refer to situations where the expected behavior governing a certain
system appears to be \emph{enhanced} as this component is embedded into a greater system. The effects of change
in a subsystem may pass through \emph{interconnections} and enforce an indirect change on the state... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The size and intricacies of quantum systems have long motivated quantum computing (QC) research~(\cite{montanaro:16}). Recently, quantum algorithms have incorporated variational techniques~(\cite{peruzzo:14,farhi:14}), creating the subfield of quantum machine learning (QML)~\cite{mehta:19}, whic... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Generating high-quality samples from complex distribution is one of the fundamental problems in machine learning. One of the approaches is by generative adversarial networks (GAN)~\cite{goodfellow2014generative}. Inside the GAN, there is a pair of generator and discriminator trained in some adver... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Let $\mathbb{S}$ denote the real vector space of bounded linear self-adjoint operators, $\mathbb{P}\subset\mathbb{S}$ denote the cone of positive definite operators on a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ equipped with the operator norm $\|\cdot\|$. Let
\begin{equation*}
d_\infty(A,B):=\|\log(A^{-1/2}BA... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
DNS is an integral part of the Internet infrastructure. Unfortunately, it does not offer privacy, i.\,e., the so-called resolvers (recursive nameservers) can see all queries sent to them in the clear. Resolvers can learn about users' habits and interests, which may infri... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Nearly three decades after their discovery \cite{Bend}, the
high-temperature cuprate superconductors have so far eluded a
comprehensive explanation. These layered materials contain CuO$_2$
layers, which are antiferromagnetic insulators in the undoped
limit and become superconducting upon doping... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Titan has a dense atmosphere, composed of $\mathrm{N_2}$ and $\mathrm{CH_4}$, and many trace gases such as hydrocarbons (e.g. $\mathrm{C_2H_6}$, $\mathrm{C_2H_2}$) and nitriles (e.g. $\mathrm{HCN}$, $\mathrm{HC_3N}$) produced by its rich photochemistry. Like Earth, Titan has a stratosphere, l... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{intro}
After the work by \citet{my94}, the possibility that Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) originate from a beamed emission has been one of the most debated issue about the nature of the GRB sources in the current literature \citep[see e.g.][and references therein]{p04,m06}. In particular, on the... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Let $\Gamma$ be the Fuchsian group of the first kind \cite[Section 1.7, page 28]{Miyake}.
Examples of such groups are the important modular groups such as $SL_2(\Bbb Z)$ and its congruence subgroups
$\Gamma_0(N)$, $\Gamma_1(N)$, and $\Gamma(N)$ \cite[Section 4.2]{Miyake}. Let $\Bbb H$ be ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The existence of resolution of singularities in arbitrary dimension over a field of characteristic zero was solved by Hironaka in his famous paper \cite{existence}. Later on, different constructive proofs have been given, among others, by Villamayor \cite{villa}, Bierstone-Milman \cite{bm}, Enci... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In the present paper, we investigate the global well-posedness of the 2D Boussinesq equations with zero viscosity and positive diffusivity in a smooth bounded domain $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^2$ with smooth boundary $\partial \Omega$. The corresponding system reads
\begin{equation}\label{BOUo}
... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Preparing extended ancilla qubits for quantum phase estimation}\label{app:QPE_ancilla}
The QPE algorithm requires the application of a unitary operator conditional on an ancilla qubit, which naively would require each Trotter step to be performed in series as the ancilla qubit is passed through the system. The... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
A quantum operation that maps a finite-dimensional bipartite quantum input system
$\mathcal{X}_1\otimes\mathcal{X}_2$ to another finite-dimensional bipartite quantum output system
$\mathcal{A}_1\otimes\mathcal{A}_2$ is a
\emph{local operation with shared entanglement (LOSE)}
if it can be approx... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:int}
Supersoft sources (SSSs) were first discovered in the Large Magellanic
Cloud with the \textsl{Einstein} Observatory \citep{Long1981},
including the two prototypes \object{CAL83} and \object{CAL87}. SSSs are
characterised by very soft thermal spectra, with temperatures
typically... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In computer science,
an exception is an abnormal event occurring during the execution
of a program. A mechanism for handling exceptions consists of
two parts: an exception is \emph{raised} when an abnormal event occurs,
and it can be \emph{handled} later, by switching the execution to
a speci... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section*{Introduction}
Multiferroic materials have increasingly inspired interest in recent years due to their potential technological applications; specifically magnetoelectric coupling, where the magnetic order can be influenced by an applied electric field and vice versa, may have intriguing applications in spintr... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Experiments based on liquid xenon are leading the search of neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe
due to the fast development of this detection technique in the last decade~\cite{Gando:2016ag}.
More recently, experiments based on high pressure xenon
time projection chambers (HPXe-TPCs)~\ci... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Since Leinaas, Myrheim, and Wilczek's pioneering works~\cite{Leinaas77,Wilczek82}, anyons have been the subject of intense research. These last two decades, these exotic quasiparticles have triggered much attention because of their potential use for quantum computers \cite{Nayak08}. In two dimen... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:Intro}
In the standard paradigm of hierarchical structure formation, galaxies reside
inside dark matter halos. The formation and evolution of these halos is
dominated by gravity and can be well predicted using high-resolution numerical
simulations and in some cases analytic models.... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\subsection*{LSZ for Matrix Theory}
The $N=2$ Matrix theory Hamiltonian
\be
H= \ft 1 2 P^0_\mu P^0_\mu + \Bigl ( \ft 12 \vec{P}_\mu \cdot \vec{P}_\mu
+ \, \ft 14 (\vec{X}_\mu \times \vec{X}_\nu)^2
+ \, \ft i 2 \vec{X}_\mu\cdot \vec{\theta}\, \gamma_\mu\times
\vec{\theta}\Bigr )\,
\label{MTHam}
\ee
is a sum of an
int... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) offer a wide variety of physical and chemical properties from metal to insulator \cite{WY69, XLSC13, KT16} and are extensively studied \cite{TAN14, JS12, CSELLZ13, YYR17}. An increasing interest and recent progress towards these materials led to a ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{Introduction}
Duplex stainless steels (DSS) have achieved great success in the development of stainless steels and have led to numerous commercial applications. They consist of approximately equal amounts of ferrite and austenite. Though DSS successfully combined the merits of these two p... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
String theory is argued to be
a consistent theory of quantum gravity
including gauge interactions.
As such, it provides an ideal testing
ground for expectations
a general quantum-gravity theory should satisfy.
However, conversely one can try to identify
quantum-gravity features in string t... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\let\thefootnote\relax\footnote{
F.d.P.C. sponsored by the Department of Defense under Air
Force Contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations,
recommendations, and conclusions are those of the authors and are
not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. Specifically,
this wor... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
With machine learning applications becoming ubiquitous in modern-day life, there exists an increasing concern about the robustness of the deployed models. Since first reported in \citep{szegedy2013intriguing,goodfellow2014explaining,biggio2013evasion}, these \emph{adversarial attacks} are small ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Engineered plane-wave refraction was one of the first functionalities demonstrated with a metasurface \cite{Yu2011}. These ultrathin planar devices are comprised of subwavelength polarizable particles (meta-atoms), allowing interaction with applied fields on a subwaveleng... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Intoduction}
Quantization of the conductance of submicron constriction
in two-dimensional electron gas~\cite{Wharam}
is described well by the Landauer
formula under the assumption of spin degeneracy of
one-dimensional single-particle subbands in zero
magnetic field.\cite{Glazman,Buttiker,pyshkin,liang}
The sam... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
If a dynamical system maintains a partial ordering of states along trajectories of the system, it is said to be \emph{monotone} \cite{Hirsch:1983lq,Hirsch:1985fk, Smith:2008fk}. Large classes of physically motivated systems have been shown to be monotone including biological networks \cite{Sont... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Seeding a process consists in providing a signal level larger than the noise level present in the system, from which the process could uncontrollably grow. %
With seeding, the process grows from a known and controllable initial signal. %
The final state of the system may be the result of non-lin... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:introduction}
\input{intro.tex}
\section{VEHICLE DESIGN}
\label{sec:vehicle-design}
\input{design.tex}
\section{PROPULSION MODEL}
\label{sec:propulsion}
\input{propulsion.tex}
\section{OPTIMIZATION OF THE DESIGN PARAMETERS}
\label{sec:design-parameters}
\input{optimization.tex}
... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Example Appendix}
\end{document}
\section{Conclusion}
In this paper, we present our WMT21 word-level QE shared task submission based on Levenshtein Transformer training and a two-step finetuning process.
We also explore various ways to create synthetic data to build more generalizable systems with limited h... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Boolean functions are wide-spread in mathematics and computer science and can describe yes-no voter systems, hardware circuits, and predicates \citep{o2014analysis}.
A Boolean function is a function from \ensuremath{\Varid{n}} bits to one bit, for example majority (\ensuremath{\Varid{maj}_{\Varid... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\subsection{Main results}
In this paper we study the initial value problem (IVP)
\begin{equation}\label{NLS}
\left\{\begin{aligned}
&{\rm i} \partial_t u+\partial_{xx} u+P*u+f(u,u_x,u_{xx})=0,
\quad u=u(t,x), \quad x\in \mathbb{T},\\
&u(0,x)=u_0(x)
\end{aligned}\right.
\end{equation}
where $\ma... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Image alignment is a fundamental research problem that has been studied for decades, which has been applied in various applications~\cite{BrownL03,zaragoza2013projective,guo2016joint,WronskiGEKKLLM19,liu2013bundled}. Commonly adopted registration methods include homography~\cite{gao2011construct... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The Koopman operator is an infinite-dimensional operator that governs the evolution of scalar observations in the state space for a nonlinear dynamical system, as shown in Equation \ref{eqn.koopman}. It has been proven \cite{koopman1931hamiltonian} that there exists a Koopman Operator $\mathcal{... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Experiments}
\label{experiments}
In this section, we evaluate our \TAAD method along with \tfa modules on \multisports and \ucftwofour datasets. We start by defining the metrics used in \refsec{subsec:metrics}
and motion category
classification in \refsec{subsec:motion_classifcation}. ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec-intro}
Massive graphs arise in many applications \emph{e.g.,}\xspace network traffic data, social networks, citation graphs, and transportation networks. These graphs are highly dynamic: Network traffic data averages to about $10^9$ packets per hour per router for large ISPs~\cite{D... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{main}
Within the last decade many fully 3d exact coherent states of the Navier-Stokes equations have been identified.
They are important for understanding the transition to turbulence in various shear flows, for determining the thresholds
for the transition, and for characterizing the subs... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The \textit{Ricci flow} evolution equation, which is given as the set of partial differential equations
\begin{eqnarray}\label{in1}
\frac{\partial\tilde{g}_{\mu\nu}}{\partial t}=-2R_{\mu\nu},
\end{eqnarray}
was introduced by Hamilton \cite{ham1} and used to prove the sphere theore... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction and definitions}
Consider the projective space $\mbox{\rm PG}(3,q)$. It is well known that a line of
$\mbox{\rm PG}(3,q)$ is the smallest blocking set with relation to the planes of
$\mbox{\rm PG}(3,q)$. It is also well known that any blocking set $\mathcal{B}$ with relation to
the planes, such th... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
There has been a surging interest in applying machine learning techniques to the control of dynamical systems with continuous action spaces (see e.g.,~\cite{duan2016benchmarking, recht2019tour}).
An increasing body of recent studies have started to address theoretical and practical aspects of de... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Improving earlier work of Littlewood, in 1972 Levinson~\cite{lev} proved that
\begin{equation} \label{lev}
|\zeta(1+it)| \geq e^\gamma \log_2 t + \mathcal{O}(1)
\end{equation}
for arbitrarily large $t$.\footnote{Throughout this paper, we write $\zeta(s)$ for the Riemann zeta function and
$\log_... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Our Approach}
We propose $\mathtt{MEDL\_CVAE}$ to address two
challenges in multi-entity dependence learning.
The first challenge is the noisy and potentially multi-modal responses.
For example, consider our species distribution modeling application.
One bird watcher can make slightly different observatio... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In the nonlinear filtering problem one observes a system whose state
is known to follow a given stochastic differential equation. The
observations that have been made contain an additional noise term, so
one cannot hope to know the true state of the system. However, one can
reasonably ask what i... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{section:introduction}
The objective of survival analysis is to estimate the hitting time of one or more events in the presence of censored data. In healthcare, such events can include time of death, inception of a disease, time of organ failure, etc. The ability to predict the time or prob... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Experimental Details of VT-Work}
\input{tables/counters}
In this section we present more statistics on the number of operations that tree clocks and vector clocks perform on our dataset.
For each benchmark we have computed
\begin{compactenum}
\item The vt-work that was needed for that benchmark, i... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Conformal Mapping of a Deformed Cylinder}
By constructing a conformal mapping from a deformed surface to one of constant curvature, analysis of the Laplacian eigenfunctions on the former surface can be made tractable. Consider a cylinder with radius $R_0$. Using cylindrical polar coordinates, radially-symmetri... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
It is believed that the evolution of the large-scale magnetic field of
the Sun is governed by the interplay between large-scale motions,
like differential rotation and meridional circulation, turbulent
convection flows and magnetic fields. One of the most important issues
in solar dynamo theory ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Decompactification limit and quantisation}\label{sec:decomp-limit}
After fixing light-cone gauge for bosons and fermions as in the previous sections, we obtain a Hamiltonian on a cilinder, defining the time evolution of a closed strings.
In general this model is complicated because of the non-linear nature of ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction\label{intro}}
Supersymmetry presents effective and elegant tools to solve quantum
mechanical problems described by integrable Schr\"odinger equations.
Unfortunately the class of known problems which can be solved using their
supersymmetry is rather restricted since they should have the add... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Wormholes are associated with the amazing spacetime topology of connecting two spacetime geometries located in different regions of the universe or different universes. They are solutions of the Einstein field equations, historically, the first step toward the concept of wormholes was made by Fla... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\subsection{Proper Motions in the Local Group}
Proper motion measurements of Local Group galaxies are important for our
understanding of the dynamics and evolution of the Local Group. Presently,
measurements of extragalactic proper motions by optical telescopes are
limited to the most nearby ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The classical summation formula of Poisson states that, for a
well-behaved function $f:\mathbf{R}\rightarrow\mathbf{C}$ and its
(suitably scaled) Fourier Transform $\hat{f}$ we have the relation
\[\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}f(n)=\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}\hat{f}(n)\]
Fix $x>0$, and replace $f(t)$ wi... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{S}{ystems} of Systems (SoSs), comprised of heterogeneous components capable of localized, autonomous decision making, are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in a wide range of socio-technical systems \citep{sauser2010systomics,maier1996architecting,jamshidi2011system,mina2006complex}.... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Many online platforms, such as search engines or recommender systems, display results based observed properties of the user and their query. However, a user's behavior is often influenced by \emph{latent state} not explicitly revealed to the system. This might be \emph{user intent} (e.g., reflec... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
With societies aging globally, hearing loss is becoming a very common problem worldwide.
The development of a hearing loss is typically accompanied by increasing difficulty to discriminate speech from noise in challenging situations. Consequently, besides amplification, modern... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section*{Introduction}
Let $(M,\nu,T)$ be a dynamical system, that is a measure space $(M,\nu)$ endowed with a measurable transformation $T:M\rightarrow M$ which preserves the measure $\nu$. The mixing properties deal with the asymptotic behaviour, as $n$ goes to infinity, of integrals of the following form
$$C_n(f,g)... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{\textcolor{Sepia}{\textbf{ \Large Introduction}}} \label{sec:introduction}
The squeezed states in quantum optics have emerged as non-classical states of light which are a consequence of Heisenberg's uncertainty relations. When the uncertainty in one conjugate variable is below the symmetric limit, compared to... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Thermally or compositionally-driven convection remains a fascinating area of research with diverse applications from geophysics, where it plays a key role in stirring the Earth's atmosphere \citep{Stevens2005} or inner core \citep{Roberts201557}, to nonlinear physics, where it is a canonical exa... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Classical electrodynamics is well known to be a linear theory leading to
the superposition principle. At the quantum level the basic QED Lagrangian
remains quadratic in the electromagnetic fields, so that the theory still
appears to be linear. However, quantum fluctuations in the QED vacuum indu... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Decomposition into 1-sparse matrices}
\label{app:1sparseproof}
In \cite{Aharonov2003}, Aharonov and Ta-Shma considered the problem of simulating an arbitrary $d$-sparse Hamiltonian using the ability to query bits of the Hamiltonian. According to their prescription, we should imagine the Hamiltonian as an undi... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Processor sharing (PS) is one of the most interesting service disciplines in queueing theory. The $M/M/1$-PS queue assumes Poisson arrivals with rate $\lambda$ and exponential i.i.d. service times with mean $1/\mu$. The traffic intensity is $\rho=\lambda/\mu$. Here we consider a system which can ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Motion of particles in the vicinity of black holes is a subject that has
been continuing to attract interest until recently. In doing so, a special
role is played by circular orbits - see. e.g., recent papers \cite{rufk},
\cite{ruf3} and references therein. Especially, this concerns an innermos... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Quantum spin liquids represent a class of exotic quantum phases of matter beyond the traditional Landau symmetry-breaking paradigm. Besides being conceptually interesting and experimentally relevant on their own~\cite{balents_2010,savary_2017,Zhou_QSL_review}, they are also connected to various... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Millisecond oscillations in the X-ray brightness during thermonuclear bursts,
``burst oscillations", have been observed from six low
mass X-ray binaries (LMXB) with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) (see
\markcite{SSZ}Strohmayer, Swank \& Zhang {\it et al.} 1998 for a recent review).
Consid... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Strongly correlated electron systems attract enormous attention because of the multitude of remarkable phenomena they exhibit,
such as the Kondo effect, magnetic or charge ordering, and unconventional superconductivity.
The situation becomes particularly interesting whe... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}The purpose of this paper is to present a certain combinatorial method of constructing invariants of isotopy classes of oriented tame links.
This arises as a generalization of the known polynomial invariants of Conway and Jones. These invariants have one striking common feature.
If $L_+, L_-$ an... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section*{\large {\bf SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION}}
\vspace{2cm}
\section*{Contents}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Schematic of an agent's field of view
\item Algorithm for computing the number of clusters
\item Detailed explanation of the nonlinear term in the model
\item Snapshots of flocking patterns observed over a... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The question of robustness of a basis or frame is a fundamental problem
in functional analysis and in many concrete applications. It has its
historical origin in the work of Paley and Wiener~\cite{young80} who studied
the perturbation of Fourier bases and was subsequently investigated
in many... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Rank--2 $U(1)$ gauge theory}
Here, following \cite{XuPRB06,PretkoPRB16}, we derive the relationship between electric, magnetic
and gauge fields within the rank--2 $U(1)$ [\mbox{R2--U1}] electrodynamics considered in the main text.
Our starting point is an electric field described by a symmetric rank--2 tenso... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section*{\large \bf Introduction}
Ribaucour transformations for hypersurfaces, parametrized by lines of curvature, were classically studied by Bianchi \cite{Bianchi}. They can be applied to obtain surfaces of constant Gaussian curvature and surfaces of constant mean curvature, from a given such surface, respectivel... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
General relativity is not perturbatively renormalizable, which can be overcome by including higher-derivative terms in the action, albeit at the cost
of introducing ghosts~\cite{Stelle:1977ry}. For this reason, infinite-derivative models are interesting because they may circumv... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\subsubsection*{Acknowledgements}
The author would like to thank Darij Grinberg for his time spent understanding interval-poset... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The advent of social media marked a significant change in media production and distribution, which was previously monopolized by large, often state-owned institutions \cite{Loader2011}. Social media enables users to share their own opinions and present alternative viewpoints, thereby changing use... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{section intro}
Let $G$ be a connected real reductive group; precisely, a finite cover
of a closed connected transpose-stable
subgroup of $GL(n,\bR)$ with complexified Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$.
Let $K$ be a maximal compact subgroup of $G$. Write
$\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{k}+\mathf... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Conclusions and Future Work}
\label{section:conclusion}
We present a novel toolchain for implementing refined multiparty session types
(RMPST), which enables developers to use \textsc{Scribble}\xspace, a protocol description
language for multiparty session types, and \texorpdfstring{\textsc{F}$^{\star}$}{F... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{fig/fig0/fig0}
\end{center}
\caption{A pipeline of the proposed method. Given a pre-trained CNN, we replace the first two fully connected layers with the two equivalent convolutional layers to efficiently obtain large amou... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Let ${\mathbb D} = \{z : |z| < 1\}$ be the unit disk in the complex plane
and $H({\mathbb D})$ be the space of all analytic functions on ${\mathbb D}$. For
$a\in {\mathbb D}$, let $\sigma_a$ be the automorphism of ${\mathbb D}$ exchanging
$0$ for $a$, namely $\sigma_a(z)=\frac{a-z}{1-\bar{a}z},... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The oscillating cantilever driven adiabatic reversals (OSCAR) technique
in magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) introduced in \cite{stipe}
has been used to successfully detect a single electron
spin below the surface of a solid \cite{rug1}. In the OSCAR MRFM technique
the vibrations of ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Models of quantum magnetism are of great interest in the quest to understand quantum phase transitions and many body states with strong quantum fluctuations.
Studies in this field typically focus on identifying phases and phase transitions between them as a function of some coupling ratio.
The... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\vspace{5mm}
The study of random matrix theory goes back to the principal component data analysis of J. Wishart in 1920s-1930s and revolutionary ideas of E.Wigner in quantum physics in 1950s that linked
statistical properties of the energy levels of heavy-nuclei atoms with spectral properties o... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Supernovae (SNe) are stellar explosions divided into two main categories: core-collapse (CC) and Type Ia SNe. CC SNe arise from massive stars $\gtrsim$8 $M_{\odot}$ that undergo CC when the iron core cannot be supported by nuclear fusion \citep[e.g.,][]{Ib74,ET04,Sm09}. SNe Ia ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Ultrasound (US) B-mode is a widespread medical imaging technique of the tissue acoustical impedance. With this technique, an ultrasound wave is transmitted by an acoustic transducer and is backscattered by the change in acoustic impedance at tissue interfaces. Measuring the analytic signal obtain... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{graphics/teaser.png}
\end{center}
\caption{(Top) In principle, image restoration and enhancement techniques should improve visual recognition performance by creating ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{INTRODUCTION}
Analysing respiratory sound has been recently attracted attention as leveraging robust machine learning and deep learning methods.
In these both approaches, systems proposed generally comprise two main steps, referred to as the front-end feature extraction and the back-end model.
In machine lear... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Cryptocurrency has not only changed the financial world but also charitable fundraising.
Annual crypto donations have skyrocketed from \$4.2 million in 2020 to \$69.6 million in 2021. 42\% of those donations used Ether (ETH) currency, and 36\% of the donations used Bitcoin (BIC) currency \citep{... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec: Intro}
Through millennia of evolutionary processes, humans have evolved the sense of touch as a critical sensory method to perceive the world. Delicate tasks, including tactile perception, grasping different shaped objects, and manipulation of tools, can be completed with fluency a... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
Turbulence is connected to a flow mechanism which converts kinetic energy into heat, known as the turbulence cascade. Turbulent flows exhibit universal statistical properties; it can thus be expected that the turbulence cascade is a universal process as well. Understanding the ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Discussion and Future Work}\label{sec:conFuture}
In this ongoing work, we proposed a method based on black-box optimization and RL to deal with the problem of adapting speech-enhancement algorithms to varying input signal quality. Our work is related to hyperparameter optimization in deep learning and machin... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{section:Introduction}
The increasing trend for more power generation utilizing renewable energy resources is born from the fact that conventional energy sources like coal, petroleum, and natural gas are on the verge of extinction \cite{segmentation_wiley}, \cite{GNN}. Also, the global ene... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
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