Search is not available for this dataset
text stringlengths 216 4.52M | meta dict |
|---|---|
\section{Design of Detection Algorithms}
\label{sec:approaches}
To systematically present the approaches that have been used by the various lines of work in the past, we have opted to look at them from three distinct viewpoints:
\begin{description}
\item [Features:] What features are used?
\item [Method:] What te... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The first boundary cross
theorem
was discovered by Malgrange--Zerner in the pioneer work \cite{ze}.
Subsequent results in this direction are obtained by
Komatsu \cite{ko} and Dru\.{z}kowski \cite{dr}.
Recently, Gonchar \cite{go1,go2} has proved a more
general result for the one-dimensiona... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{Sec-intro}
Examples of excitable media are frequently found in biological and
chemical systems. Prominent examples are cardiac and neural tissue
\cite{WinfreeBook,Davidenko}, slime mold colonies in a starving
environment \cite{dictyostelium} and intracellular calcium waves
\cite{calcium}.... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
As structure in the Universe grows hierarchically, galaxies occasionally experience major mergers with one another \citep{SandersMirabel1996}. Such collisions can induce prodigious levels of star formation \citep[e.g.,][]{Fensch2017} and potentially boost the growth of the central supermassive b... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Let $(M,g)$ and $(M',g')$ be Riemannian manifolds and $\phi:(M,g)\to (M', g')$ be a smooth map. Then $\phi$ is said to be {\it harmonic} if the tension field $\tau(\phi)={\rm tr}_{g}(\nabla d\phi)$ vanishes, equivalently, $\phi$ is a critical point of the energy functional defined by
\begin{align... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
A symplectic toric manifold is a compact
connected symplectic manifold of dimension $2n$ with an effective
Hamiltonian action of a compact $n$-dimensional torus $T$. A
famous result of Delzant \cite{de88} describes a bijective
correspondence between symplectic toric manifolds and simple
convex p... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Shannon's rate-distortion function $R(D)$ for a stationary zero-mean Gaussian source $X$ with memory and under the MSE fidelity criterion can be written in a parametric form (the reverse water-filling solution)~\cite{gallag68}
\begin{subequations}\label{eq:ShannonsRDF}
\begin{ali... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Descriptions of nuclear matter and finite nuclei, which are ultimately
governed by the physics of low-energy quantum chromodynamics (QCD),
are efficiently formulated using low-energy degrees of
freedom---the hadrons.
In the absence of direct derivations from QCD, such effective descriptions
shou... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{introduction}
The issue of maximal possible synchrotron radiation energy in astrophysics (Guilbert, Fabian \& Rees 1983) was discussed
in various frameworks: the extreme Fermi acceleration of electrons at shocks (e.g. Ghisellini 1999) and the converter mechanism (Derishev 2003; Stern 2003). In the extreme a... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{}
Geometric numerical integration of Hamiltonian systems has been a
central topic in numerical solution of differential equations since
the late 1980s
\cite{Feng95kfc,Fengq10sga,hairerlw06gni,Leimkuhlerr04shd,ruth83aci,sanzc94nhp}.
The well-known Hamiltonian systems can be written in a ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\noindent Let $G$ be a group which acts on itself by conjugation, and let $H^1(G, G)$ be the first cohomology pointed set. Denote by $\Sh(G)$ the subset of $H^1(G, G)$
consisting of the cohomology classes becoming trivial after restricting to every cyclic subgroup of G. The set $\Sh(G)$, for a ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{S:intro}
The maximum force/maximum tension conjecture was independently mooted some 20 years ago by Gary Gibbons~\cite{Gibbons2002} and Christoph Schiller~\cite{Schiller1997}.
At its heart one starts by noting that in (3+1) dimensions the quantity
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:F_*} F_* =... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Recently,
LHCb collaboration reported the evidence
for the first penguin dominated charmless two-body baryonic mode, $B^-\to \Lambda\bar p$ decay,
at 4.1$\sigma$ level~\cite{Aaij:2016xfa}, giving
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal B}(B^-\to\Lambda\bar p)=(2.4^{+1.0}_{-0.8}\pm 0.3)\times 10^{-7}.
\end{eqna... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\par
With the discovery of the Higgs boson (\PH)~\cite{higgs:atlas,higgs:cms,long}
it is possible to probe new physics by measuring its coupling to
other particles. Of particular interest is the flavor-changing neutral
current (FCNC) decay of the top quark to the Higgs... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section*{Supplemental Material}
\subsection{The investigation of $\Lambda$ dependence}
The typical value of $\Lambda$ is usually in the range $\Lambda \sim 0.9\pm 0.2~\text{GeV}$.
Here, we provide two additional new fits with $\Lambda = 0.8 $ and
$1.2$ GeV.
The final results are shown in Table~\ref{tab:fitmass} an... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
A code of length $n^2$ is obtained by taking centralizer of a matrix from the vector space $\mathbb{F}_q^{n \times n}$. As a consequence, it cannot reach to most of the sizes. Whereas a code of length $n \cdot k$ is formed by taking the solutions of matrix equation for some matrices $A \in \mathb... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Background concepts: sound waves, power and dynamic}\label{sec:tech}
Let $x(t)$ be a continuous time waveform taking values on the time interval $T_1 \leq t \leq T_2,$ such that $\int_{T_1}^{T_2} x(t) dt=0$. Its power is given by
\begin{equation}\label{eq:power}
P^{RMS}=C\sqrt{\frac{1}{T_2 - T_1} \int_{T_1}^{... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
What is referred today as Kaluza--Klein theory (see \cite{Review} for an extensive collection of papers) is Klein's
modification \cite{Klein} of the original Kaluza's theory \cite{Kaluza}. These two theories are dual \cite{ip1, ip2}
and the duality between them is the duality between threading a... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Fragmentation of liquid droplets due to the flow of high-speed air stream is observed in many industrial applications \cite{sikroria2014experimental} and natural phenomena \cite{Villermaux2009}. In atomization, initially fuel jet forms ligaments and breaks into droplets (primary... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
The discovery of the Higgs boson ($\Ph$) in 2012~\cite{Chatrchyan:2012xdj,Aad:2012tfa,CMS:2012nga,ATLASscience} has led to a detailed program of studies of the Higgs field couplings to the elementary particles of the standard model (SM) of particle physics: leptons, quarks,... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Recently, the discovery of the $AdS/CFT$ correspondence \cite{Maldacena:1997re,Aharony:1999ti,Witten:1998qj,Gubser:1998bc} has created great interest in the ${\cal N}=4$ $SUSY$
$SU(N)$ gauge theory because the duality allows the investigation of several aspects of the gauge theory (see for ins... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\subsection{Number-theoretic motivation} For a field $K$, let $\bar K_s$ denote its separable closure.
The absolute Galois group of $K$ is the profinite group $G_K=\Gal(\bar K_s/K)$.
One of the main challenges in current Galois theory is to describe absolute Galois groups of fields among profinit... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Stabilization of an underactuated mechanical system is a challenging
problem since it is not fully feedback linearizable due to fewer
number of actuators than the degrees of freedom (DOF). Nevertheless,
Interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control
(IDA-PBC) is a general approach... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
Rigorous information on the QCD phase diagram, schematically depicted
in Fig.~\ref{fig_phasedia}, is scarce. At finite temperature ($T$) and
vanishing quark chemical potential ($\mu_q=0$), lattice QCD (lQCD)
computations predict the existence of a rapid cross-over transition
f... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{}
\label{}
\section{Introduction}
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important non-invasive imaging technique, which enables excellent assessments of structural and functional conditions with no radiation in a reproducible manner. Basically, MRI is aimed to reconstruct the images from the observed s... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
At present, all data are consistent with,
and in fact strongly support, the standard big-bang model
in which the time evolution of the Universe is described by the
Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker metric.
Accordingly, the Universe possesses the space-time structure
$\mathbb{R}\times{\cal... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{\setcounter{equation}{0}\oldsection}
\renewcommand\thesection{\arabic{section}}
\renewcommand\theequation{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\allowdisplaybreaks
\def\pf{\it{Proof.}\rm\quad}
\newcommand\ww{\bm {w}}
\newcommand\bb{\bm b}
\newcommand\vv{\bm v}
\newcommand\UU{\mbox{\bfseries U}}
\newcommand\FF{\mbox{... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
This paper is dedicated to L\'aszl\'o Z\'adori not only because of his birthday, but also because a nice construction from his very first mathematical paper is heavily used here.
Our starting point is that Strietz~\cite{strietz1,strietz2} proved in 1975 that
\begin{equation}\left.
\parbox{7.5... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
We consider probability measures
$\mu=e^{-V} \ dx$, $\nu = e^{-W} \ dx$
on $\R^d$ and the optimal transportation mapping
$T $
pushing forward $\mu$ onto $\nu$
and minimizing the Monge--Kantorovich functional
$$
\int \| x - T(x) \|^2 \ d\mu.
$$
It is known (see, e.g., \cite{Vill1}, \cite{BoKo201... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The two-photon coupling of axions or axion-like particles allows for
transitions between them and photons in the presence of external
electric or magnetic fields as shown in Figure~1~\cite{sikivie,
Raffelt:1987im}. This mechanism serves as the basis for the
experimental searches for galactic dar... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In reinforcement learning, it is generally held that model-based approaches
learn more quickly than do model-free approaches assuming the model is
accurate enough \cite{Kaelbling+:1996:ArXiv}. However, it is well known that
learning model is challenging in general. We show here that for system... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1}}
\IEEEPARstart{M}{ulti-view} multi-label learning is designed to predict the multiple labels of an object represented by multiple views. In reality, multi-view multi-label learning has wide applications ranging from image classification \cite {r1,r2} to video analysis \cite {r3,... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In a recent paper \cite{homa}, we studied a class of supersymmetric
solutions to string theory which contain regular event horizons
and depend on arbitrary functions. These solutions describe extremal
black strings
with traveling waves and have an inhomogeneous distribution of momentum
along th... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Clarifying the interstellar (IS) dust properties in external galaxies is crucial not only for inferring the intrinsic properties of astronomical objects but also for understanding the star/planet formation in galaxies beyond the Milky Way (MW), where dust plays important roles ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Given a base field $k$, an $n$-dimensional \emph{Severi-Brauer variety}
$X$ over $k$ is an (\'etale) $k$-form of the projective space $\mathbb{P}^n_k$; in other
words, there exists a finite separable field extension $L/k$ such that $X_L := X
\times_{\operatorname{Spec}(k)} \ope... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
A finite phase space of dimension $M$, where coordinate and momentum
have $M$ possible values, is a frequent component of various physical
and mathematical problems. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) \cite{Good fft,C-T},
Schwinger factorization of unitary operators \cite{Sch 1}, generation
of \textit... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}~
Coherence underlies quantum phenomena. Familiar from waves, coherence gives rise to interference effects that power quantum systems to be different from and more useful than everyday objects. Quantum coherence enables computation \cite{Shor1999}, measurement \cite{Dowling1998}, teleportation \ci... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Hyperspectral image (HSI) collects hundreds of contiguous spectral representations of objects, which demonstrates advantages over conventional multispectral image (MSI) or RGB image with much less spectral information ~\cite{chakrabarti2011statistics,bioucas2012hyperspectral}. C... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section*{Introduction}
The modern theory of Hamiltonian dynamical systems was pioneered by Henri Poincaré in his celebrated \textit{New Methods of Celestial Mechanics}\footnote{to which the title of this article humbly pays tribute.} \cite{Poin}. In that work and the following ``Mémoires''\cite{Ch.12}, Poincaré propo... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction\label{intro}}
Propagation of electromagnetic waves in dispersive homogeneous media has been originally
investigated by Brillouin and Sommerfeld \cite{Bri1960}.
More recently, the introduction of negative index materials
\cite{Ves68}, metamaterials \cite{Pendry00,Notomi00,Gralak00} and
transfo... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Conclusion And Future Work}\label{sec:conclusion}
This paper presents execution templates, a novel abstraction for cloud
computing runtime systems that allows them to support extremely high task
rates. The need for high task rates is driven by the observation that many
modern workloads are CPU-bound, and rew... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section*{Introduction}
\diff{Marriage and descent form the basic units of society; that is, families. Kinship relationship stipulates the alliance of families and organises social structures.
It is considered as one of the oldest, most frequent human social organisations \cite{levi1969elementary, service1962primitive}... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Bars are common structures found in approximately two thirds of disc galaxies in the local Universe \citep{Eskridgeetal2000,Menendezetal2007,Aguerrietal2009,Gadotti2009,Mastersetal2011}, with this fraction decreasing towards higher redshifts, and reaching $\sim20\%$ at $z=1$ \citep{Shethetal2008,... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction and statement of results.}
\ \ \ \ Fractal properties of subsets of the integer grid in $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ have been studied earlier and notions of dimensions of such subsets have been introduced in different contexts by Fisher \cite{Fisher}, Bedford and Fisher\cite{Bedford}, Lima and Moreira \cite... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{#1}}
\def\ssect#1{\subsection{#1}}
\def\sssect#1{\subsubsection{#1}}
\def\lt#1{\left#1}
\def\rt#1{\right#1}
\def\t#1{\widetilde{#1}}
\def\h#1{\hat{#1}}
\def\b#1{\bar{#1}}
\def\frc#1#2{\frac{#1}{#2}}
\newcommand{\underline{\mathrm{P}}}{\underline{\mathrm{P}}}
\newcommand{\partial}{\partial}
\newcommand{{\ca... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\subsection{Dataset overview}
The field dataset used in this example was acquired within the Gulf of Mexico by Shell Exploration and Production Company in 2010. The area sits in the Garden Banks region, about 362km southwest of New Orleans, Louisiana (Figure~\ref{fig:CardamomOverview}). This data aims to illuminate pr... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Within the last decade, spectral line intensity mapping has been proposed as an additional, complementary probe of the large-scale structure (LSS) of star-forming galaxies during the epoch of reionization (EoR) ~\cite{1999ApJ...512..547S,2008A&A...489..489R,2010JCAP...11..016V}. Glimpses into th... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{I\lowercase{ntroduction}}
\label{01}
From a mathematical and philosophical point of view, the vacuum can be
comparable to the region of absolutely empty space or, equivalently, with the
region of the space where there are no fields and massive particles (see for
example \cite{Saund}).
One can mention the Lamb ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} goal of this paper is to develop a methodology that automatically provides numerically tight performance bounds for first-order decentralized methods on convex functions and to demonstrate its usefulness on different existing methods.
Decentralized op... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Astrophysically realistic black holes rotate about their polar axis and it is therefore
widely believed that they belong to the two-dimensional family \cite{Notetwo} of spinning Kerr spacetimes which
are described by the curved line element \cite{ThWe,Chan,Notebl,Noteun}
\begin{eqnarray}\label... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
3D reconstruction is an elementary problem of image processing and computer vision thanks to many potential useful real-world applications such as robotics, autonomous driving and augmented reality. Recently, 3D reconstruction based on deep learning has achieved remarkable results in many directi... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The modern understanding of $\gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs) suggests that it originates from the internal dissipation of the kinetic and/or magnetic energy of a newly born and short-living relativistic jet. The observed variability, energetic and the spectral shapes of the prompt emission drive our th... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\newcommand{\vir}{\raisebox{0.75mm}{,}}
\begin{document}
\enlargethispage{3cm}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\begin{center}
{\large\bf MULTILINEAR FORMS}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
{\large\bf AND GRADED ALGEBRAS}
\end{center}
\vspace{0.3cm}
\begin{center} Michel DUBOIS-VIOLE... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Correlation and interference distinguish quantum from classical physics. The former is manifest in the measurement of many-body coincidences predicted by a quantum joint probability density function (PDF). Some observable correlations cannot be realized classically \cite{bell}... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In simple quantum systems, such as collections of qubits, entanglement structure has been well-studied. The quintessential example of a two qubit entangled state is a Bell pair\footnote{The Hilbert space corresponding to a single qubit is identified with $\mathbb{C}^2$, with an orthonormal basis ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Fabry-P\'{e}rot cavities (see, e.g., Ref.~\cite{metzger04,gigan06,kleckner06})
can trap incident light and
have a fixed mirror at one end and a movable mirror \cite{mirror}
at the other end. This movable mirror is allowed to oscillate
harmonically around a fixed position. The oscillating mirror... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\subsection{Proof of Correctness of Top-$K$ Max-Product}
We now consider the top-$K$ max-product algorithm, shown in full generality
in Algo.~\ref{algo:dp:topK:main}. The following proposition proves its correctness.
\begin{proposition} \label{eq:prop:dp:topK_guarantee}
Consider as inputs to Algo.~\ref{algo:dp:top... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The solutions of the Euler equation for fluid dynamics are not unique.
An additional law of physics, in the form of an entropy principle, is
needed to ensure a physically meaningful solution. Wild and manifestly
nonphysical solutions have been studied extensively \cite{DelSze09... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\input{sections/Introduction}
\section{Background and Related Work}
\input{sections/RelatedWork}
\section{The Solution Framework}
\input{sections/NeuralNetworkDesign}
\section{The Gas Transport Model} \label{sec:The Gas Transport Model}
\input{sections/GasTransportModel}
\section{Computation... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction} All varieties in this paper are algebraic and are defined over $\mathbb{C}$.
A smooth projective variety $V$
is called {\em cylindrical} if it contains a cylinder, i.e.,
a principal Zariski open subset $U$ isomorphic to a product $Z\times{\mathbb A}^1$,
where $Z$ is a variety and ${\mathbb A}^1$ ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\PARstart{T}{he} \emph{Josephson junction} (JJ) is considered as the work horse in superconducting electronics. They are based on two weakly coupled superconducting electrodes via a constriction, e.g., made up by a normal metal or a tunnel barrier and are routinely applied in ultra-high sensiti... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
On Saturday, August 16th 2008, Usain Bolt shattered the world record
of 100 meter dash in the Bird's Nest at the Beijing Olympics 2008. In
a spectacular run dubbed ``the greatest 100 meter performance in the
history of the event'' by Michael Johnson, Bolt finished at 9.69
seconds, improving his ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
DNA, a polymer made from four basic nucleotides (abbreviated by A, C, G, T), is the main carrier of the genetic information. The DNA sequencing is the process in which this information is extracted by converting physical DNA molecules into a signal that describes the exact order and type of the ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Measurements of a complex evolving system from different view angles provide us many time series that are usually long-range cross-correlated and exhibit multifractal nature. In turbulent flows, there are velocity field, temperature field and concentration field embedded in the same spatial dom... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Helium white dwarfs (He WDs) are astrophysical objects which are composed predominantly of helium nuclei and degenerate electrons. At typical WD densities, the nuclei are much closer together than typical atomic sizes but are still widely separated compared to typical nuclear sizes. It has lon... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction and summary}
\noindent
The baby Skyrme model is a useful laboratory for studying soliton physics.
It is the $2{+}1$ dimensional analog of the usual Skyrme model~\cite{S}, which
describes the low-energy chiral dynamics of quantum chromodynamics~\cite{ANW}.
This model has direct applications in con... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Fanaroff-Riley I (FR I) objects \citep{1985PASAu...6..130B} have been detected in the last decades at very high energy (VHE) range with gamma-ray telescopes.
Between them Centaurus A and M87 are well known thanks to the multiple campaigns dedicated by several observatories and imaging atmospheri... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Double-beta decay~\cite{DBDReview} is a rare spontaneous process in which the atomic number of a nucleus changes by two units.
It can only occur in some even-even nuclei where single-beta decay is energetically forbidden.
Two-neutrino double-beta decay mode (2$\nu$DBD) conserves the lepton number... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Background and motivation}
\label{background}
Submission to ICML 2022 will be entirely electronic, via a web site
(not email). Information about the submission process and \LaTeX\ templates
are available on the conference web site at:
\begin{center}
\textbf{\texttt{http://icml.cc/}}
\end{center}
The guidel... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{ALGORITHM}
\label{sec:algorithm}
\begin{algorithm}[t]
\caption{Hierarchical Thompson sampling.}
\label{alg:ts}
\begin{algorithmic}[1]
\State \textbf{Input:} Hyper-prior $Q$
\State Initialize $Q_1 \gets Q$
\For{$t = 1, 2, \dots$}
\State Observe tasks $\mathcal{S}_t \subseteq [m]$
... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Overview}
Jaeger \cite{jaeger08} presents a paper which attempts to show that P is not equal to NP. This follows from a novel model of computation which has intrinsic uncertainty in its computation of all problems. However, we will show that this model cannot be used to solve the same class of decisions that... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
Despite that many dynamical systems can be well characterized by PDEs derived mathematically/physically from basic principles such as conservation laws, lots of other systems have unclear or elusive underlying mechanisms (e.g., ones in neuroscience, finance, and ecology). Thus, the g... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction and preliminary results}
In studying Prudnikov's sequence of orthogonal polynomials (see \cite{YAP}) with the weight function $x^\alpha \rho_\nu(x)$, where \ $ \rho_{\nu}(x)= 2 x^{\nu/2} K_\nu(2\sqrt x),\ x >0, \nu \ge 0,\ \alpha > -1$ and $K_\nu(z)$ is the Macdonald or modified Bessel fun... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In the theory of surfaces, the \emph{Gauss-Bonnet Theorem} is one of the most profound and fundamental results:
\begin{align}\label{eqn:Gauss-Bonnet}
\int_M K_g dv_g = 2\pi \chi (M),
\end{align}
for any closed surfaces $(M^2 ,g)$ with Euler characteristic $\chi (M)$. \\
On the other hand, the... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
There has been lots of interest in the study of five-dimensional ${\cal N}=2$ supergravity in past years.
On one hand, the solutions in this theory have rich structures including black holes, black rings and
black strings \cite{sab1}-\cite{chong}. On the other hand, this theory can come from stri... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Gravitational wave detections of coalescing binary black holes
(\cite{TheLIGOScientific:2016pea, Abbott:2016blz, Abbott:2016nmj, Abbott:2017vtc})
with the Advanced LIGO detectors
(\cite{Abramovici:1992ah, Harry:2010zz, Aasi:2013wya, TheLIGOScientific:2014jea, TheLIGOScientific:2016agk})
have... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
A classical theorem, due to the combined work of Almgren, Pitts and Schoen--Simon,
asserts that for $n \geq 2$, every $(n+1)$-dimensional closed Riemannian manifold $M$ contains a
minimal hypersurface smoothly embedded away from a closed singular set of Hausdorff
dimension at most $n-7$. The or... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Weak lensing mass calibration is a key to achieving the full potential of galaxy cluster cosmology \citep[for a discussion, see e.g.][]{vonderlinden2014}. Numerous lensing studies have provided cluster mass estimates over the last years \citep[e.g.][]{Gruen2014,vonderlinden2014,2015arXiv15020188... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Electron states with topological character
and quantum frustration from competing interactions
are two major themes in current condensed matter physics. In both contexts, fractionalized degrees of freedom on the boundary of a system occur. Perhaps the best known example is the possibility of M... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Understanding the statistical properties of a certain dynamical system is of
fundamental importance in many problems coming from pure and applied
mathematics, as well as in developing applications to other sciences.
\medskip
In this article, we will focus on the concept of \textit{statistical
... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
The search for topological Majorana zero modes in nanowires with superconducting proximity effect is among the most active research areas in physics~\cite{sarma2015majorana,sau2021majorana,lutchyn2018majorana}. The theoretical predictions made in 2010 are precise~\cite{sa... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
The multivariate normal distribution plays a fundamental role in statistical analyses and applications.
One of the most basic properties of the normal distribution is the symmetry of its density function.
However, in practice, data sets do not follow the normal distribution or even p... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction and Statement of Result}\label{introduction}
It is a famous conjecture there are infinitely many primes of the form $n^2 + 1.$ This seemingly innocuous question has a long history and is the motivation for many deep results. Following this problem, one can see that any prime of the form $n^2 + 1$ ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section*{Acknowledgment}
We would like to thank the authors
of \cite{kay2017kinetics} for the help on the Kinetics dataset and the baseline experiments,
especially Joao Carreira for many constructive discussions.
We also want to thank Abhinav Shrivastava, Jitendra
Malik, and Rahul Sukthankar for valuable feedbacks. S... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Voice conversion (VC) refers to a technique that converts a certain aspect of speech from a source to that of a target without changing the linguistic content \cite{VC, GMM-VC}. In this work, we focus on speaker conversion, which is the most widely investigated type of VC.
From... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{S.0}
In this paper we consider once again the construction of an effective Hamiltonian for a particle described by a periodic Hamiltonian and subject also to a magnetic field that will be considered bounded and smooth but neither periodic nor slowly varying. Our aim is to use some of the i... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\nextext{Throughout cosmic history a wealth of information on the origin and evolution of our Universe has been imprinted to the large scale structure via the gravitational amplification of primordial density perturbations. Harvesting this information from probes of the large scale structure, su... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been proven to be successful at learning complex behaviors to solve a variety of robotic contact-rich tasks \cite{sutton2018reinforcement,kober2013reinforcement,wang2020deep}.
However, RL solutions are still not widely adopted in real-world industrial tas... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
In the past two decades, thousands of identifiable planets outside
the solar system have already been spotted
\citep[e.g.][]{Vogt00,Pie10,Mou11,Ofir13,Rowe14}. An overwhelming
majority of them have been discovered using indirect methods, i.e.,
radial-velocity (RV) and photomet... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Rigorous three-dimensional (3D) simulations of neutrino-driven core-collapse supernovae have become highly successful in recent years \citep[e.g.,][]{melson_15b,lentz_15,takiwaki_14,burrows_19}, and have made clear headway in explaining the properties of supernova explosions a... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Gravitational lensing describes the effect of the gravitational potential of a massive object on the light of a background source. In the case of strong lensing (SL), the light is deflected such that multiple images of the source are observed.
Because SL is sensitive to both ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
This article aims to elucidate the key differences between Ozsv\'ath and Szab\'o's cube of resolutions chain complex for knot Floer homology~\cite{ozsszcube} and the cube of resolutions chain complex underlying Khovanov and Rozansky's HOMFLY-PT homology~\cite{kr2,rasmussenonkr}.... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Mirror symmetry predicts dualities between quantum geometries on Calabi-Yau manifolds. The two sides of the dual theories are called \emph{A-model}
and \emph{B-model} respectively. The A-model is related to symplectic geometry, which is mathematically established as \emph{Gromov-Witten} theory of... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Cosmic neutrinos, as a probe of the universe to the highest energy regime, are indeed wonderful in many aspects.
Due to their extremely small interaction cross section,
they can penetrate through galactic infrared (IR) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons,
while photons of energy above... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\vspace*{-3mm}
While
QCD
was established
as a fundamental theory of the strong interaction a few decades ago,
its realization in hadron physics has not been understood
completely. For instance,
(apparent) absence of
``exotic''
states, which are different
from ordinary $q\bar... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Outliers in Abundance Ratio Trends}
Extremely metal poor (EMP) stars were presumably among the first
stars formed in the Galaxy, and hence represent in effect
a local high-redshift population. Such stars
provide important clues to the chemical
history of our Galaxy, the role and type of early SN, the
mode o... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The standard model (SM) of particle physics is so successful that all
the experiments searching for signs beyond the SM resulted in negative
results and the SM has been tested to a precision of $10^{-3}$. Yet,
the neutrino oscillation experiments accumulated enough evidences that
the neutrinos d... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Historically, the first instance of a string amplitude is the Veneziano amplitude, describing the scattering of four `would-be' pions but actually tachyons. Yet, thanks to the powerful constraints of conformal invariance and modular invariance in the perturbative regime, a systematic constructio... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The onset of massive star formation episodes in galaxies drives their
observational properties in almost any wavelength range. The UV and optical
become dominated by the continuum of massive, hot and young stars, as well as by
the presence of nebular emission lines. After a few Myr of evolution,... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
An analysis of rotational state solutions for main belt asteroids was performed by many authors. All the authors observed the deficiency of poles close to the ecliptic plane \citep[e.g.,][]{Magnusson1986,Drummond1988,Pravec2002,Skoglov2002,Kryszczynska2007}. \citet{Hanus2011}... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.