carlosejimenez/wikipedia-20220301.en-block-size-1024

tokens list	id int64	text string
[ "An", "arch", "ism", "Ġis", "Ġa", "Ġpolitical", "Ġphilosophy", "Ġand", "Ġmovement", "Ġthat", "Ġis", "Ġscept", "ical", "Ġof", "Ġauthority", "Ġand", "Ġrejects", "Ġall", "Ġinvoluntary", ",", "Ġcoercive", "Ġforms", "Ġof", "Ġhierarchy", ".", "ĠAnarch", "ism", "Ġcalls...	0	Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is sceptical of authority and rejects all involuntary, coercive forms of hierarchy. Anarchism calls for the abolition of the state, which it holds to be unnecessary, undesirable, and harmful. As a historically left-wing movement, placed on the farthest left of the p...
[ "ist", "Ġphilosophers", "ĠZhu", "ang", "ĠZhou", "Ġand", "ĠLa", "oz", "i", ".", "ĠAlong", "side", "ĠSto", "icism", ",", "ĠTao", "ism", "Ġhas", "Ġbeen", "Ġsaid", "Ġto", "Ġhave", "Ġhad", "Ġ\"", "significant", "Ġanticip", "ations", "\"", "Ġof", "Ġanarchism", "...	1	ist philosophers Zhuang Zhou and Laozi. Alongside Stoicism, Taoism has been said to have had "significant anticipations" of anarchism. Anarchic attitudes were also articulated by tragedians and philosophers in Greece. Aeschylus and Sophocles used the myth of Antigone to illustrate the conflict between rules set by th...
[ "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠBolshe", "viks", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠOctober", "ĠRevolution", "Ġand", "Ġthe", "Ġresulting", "ĠRussian", "ĠCivil", "ĠWar", ",", "Ġmany", "Ġworkers", "Ġand", "Ġactivists", "Ġturned", "Ġto", "Ġcommunist", "Ġparties", "Ġwhich", "Ġgrew", "Ġat", "Ġthe", ...	2	of the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution and the resulting Russian Civil War, many workers and activists turned to communist parties which grew at the expense of anarchism and other socialist movements. In France and the United States, members of major syndicalist movements such as the General Confederation of Labo...
[ "Ġand", "Ġlocal", "Ġautonomy", ",", "Ġmutual", "Ġaid", ",", "Ġnetwork", "Ġorganisation", ",", "Ġcommunal", "Ġdemocracy", ",", "Ġjustified", "Ġauthority", "Ġand", "Ġdecentral", "isation", ".", "Ġ", "ĠClassical", "Ġ", "Ġ", "ĠIn", "ceptive", "Ġcurrents", "Ġamong", ...	3	and local autonomy, mutual aid, network organisation, communal democracy, justified authority and decentralisation. Classical Inceptive currents among classical anarchist currents were mutualism and individualism. They were followed by the major currents of social anarchism (collectivist, communist and syndicalist)...
[ "Ġends", ".", "ĠA", "Ġbroad", "Ġcategor", "isation", "Ġcan", "Ġbe", "Ġmade", "Ġbetween", "Ġaims", "Ġto", "Ġdestroy", "Ġoppressive", "Ġstates", "Ġand", "Ġinstitutions", "Ġby", "Ġrevolutionary", "Ġmeans", "Ġon", "Ġone", "Ġhand", "Ġand", "Ġaims", "Ġto", "Ġchange", ...	4	ends. A broad categorisation can be made between aims to destroy oppressive states and institutions by revolutionary means on one hand and aims to change society through evolutionary means on the other. Evolutionary tactics embrace nonviolence, reject violence and take a gradual approach to anarchist aims, although th...
[ "Ġstill", "Ġsupport", "Ġand", "Ġparticipate", "Ġin", "Ġstrikes", ",", "Ġespecially", "Ġwild", "cat", "Ġstrikes", "Ġas", "Ġthese", "Ġare", "Ġleader", "less", "Ġstrikes", "Ġnot", "Ġorganised", "Ġcentrally", "Ġby", "Ġa", "Ġsynd", "icate", ".", "Ġ", "ĠAs", "Ġin", ...	5	still support and participate in strikes, especially wildcat strikes as these are leaderless strikes not organised centrally by a syndicate. As in the past, newspapers and journals are used, and anarchists have gone online in the World Wide Web to spread their message. Anarchists have found it easier to create websit...
[ "Ġplanning", "Ġtheir", "Ġwork", "Ġand", "Ġattendance", ".", "ĠFer", "rer", "Ġaimed", "Ġto", "Ġeducate", "Ġthe", "Ġworking", "Ġclass", "Ġand", "Ġexplicitly", "Ġsought", "Ġto", "Ġfoster", "Ġclass", "Ġconsciousness", "Ġamong", "Ġstudents", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġschool", "Ġc...	6	planning their work and attendance. Ferrer aimed to educate the working class and explicitly sought to foster class consciousness among students. The school closed after constant harassment by the state and Ferrer was later arrested. Nonetheless, his ideas formed the inspiration for a series of modern schools around t...
[ "Ġa", "ĠOs", "ny", "Ġby", "Ġanarchist", "Ġpainter", "ĠCam", "ille", "ĠP", "iss", "arro", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġblending", "Ġof", "Ġaesthetic", "Ġand", "Ġsocial", "Ġharmony", "Ġis", "Ġpre", "fig", "uring", "Ġan", "Ġideal", "Ġanarch", "istic", "Ġag", "r", "arian", ...	7	a Osny by anarchist painter Camille Pissarro, the blending of aesthetic and social harmony is prefiguring an ideal anarchistic agrarian community. Analysis The most common critique of anarchism is that humans cannot self-govern and so a state is necessary for human survival. Philosopher Bertrand Russell supported th...
[ "Ġtheir", "Ġchild", "'s", "Ġlife", ".", "ĠThese", "Ġsigns", "Ġoften", "Ġdevelop", "Ġgradually", ",", "Ġthough", "Ġsome", "Ġautistic", "Ġchildren", "Ġexperience", "Ġregression", "Ġin", "Ġtheir", "Ġcommunication", "Ġand", "Ġsocial", "Ġskills", "Ġafter", "Ġreaching", "...	8	their child's life. These signs often develop gradually, though some autistic children experience regression in their communication and social skills after reaching developmental milestones at a normal pace. Autism is associated with a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors during pregnancy in...
[ "Ġgestures", ",", "Ġdiminished", "Ġresponsiveness", ",", "Ġand", "Ġvocal", "Ġpatterns", "Ġthat", "Ġare", "Ġnot", "Ġsynchronized", "Ġwith", "Ġthe", "Ġcareg", "iver", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġthe", "Ġsecond", "Ġand", "Ġthird", "Ġyears", ",", "Ġautistic", "Ġchildren", "Ġhave", ...	9	gestures, diminished responsiveness, and vocal patterns that are not synchronized with the caregiver. In the second and third years, autistic children have less frequent and less diverse babbling, consonants, words, and word combinations; their gestures are less often integrated with words. Autistic children are less ...
[ "Ġcore", "Ġaspects", "Ġhave", "Ġdistinct", "Ġcauses", "Ġthat", "Ġoften", "Ġco", "-", "occ", "ur", ".", "Ġ", "ĠAutism", "Ġhas", "Ġa", "Ġstrong", "Ġgenetic", "Ġbasis", ",", "Ġalthough", "Ġthe", "Ġgenetics", "Ġof", "Ġautism", "Ġare", "Ġcomplex", "Ġand", "Ġit", ...	10	core aspects have distinct causes that often co-occur. Autism has a strong genetic basis, although the genetics of autism are complex and it is unclear whether ASD is explained more by rare mutations with major effects, or by rare multigene interactions of common genetic variants. Complexity arises due to interaction...
[ "Ġand", "Ġlead", "Ġto", "Ġclinically", "Ġsignificant", "Ġfunctional", "Ġimpairment", ".", "ĠSample", "Ġsymptoms", "Ġinclude", "Ġlack", "Ġof", "Ġsocial", "Ġor", "Ġemotional", "Ġreciproc", "ity", ",", "Ġstereotyp", "ed", "Ġand", "Ġrepetitive", "Ġuse", "Ġof", "Ġlanguag...	11	and lead to clinically significant functional impairment. Sample symptoms include lack of social or emotional reciprocity, stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language, and persistent preoccupation with unusual objects. The disturbance must not be better accounted for by Rett syndrome, intellec...
[ "Ġneurolog", "y", "Ġand", "Ġped", "iatrics", ".", "ĠNew", "er", "Ġtechnologies", "Ġsuch", "Ġas", "Ġf", "MRI", "Ġand", "Ġdiffusion", "Ġtens", "or", "Ġimaging", "Ġcan", "Ġhelp", "Ġidentify", "Ġbiologically", "Ġrelevant", "Ġphen", "otypes", "Ġ(", "ob", "serv", "a...	12	neurology and pediatrics. Newer technologies such as fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging can help identify biologically relevant phenotypes (observable traits) that can be viewed on brain scans, to help further neurogenetic studies of autism; one example is lowered activity in the fusiform face area of the brain, which ...
[ ".", "ĠThe", "Ġquality", "Ġof", "Ġresearch", "Ġfor", "Ġearly", "Ġintensive", "Ġbehavioral", "Ġintervention", "Ġ(", "E", "I", "BI", ")âĢĶ", "a", "Ġtreatment", "Ġprocedure", "Ġincorporating", "Ġover", "Ġthirty", "Ġhours", "Ġper", "Ġweek", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġstructured...	13	. The quality of research for early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI)—a treatment procedure incorporating over thirty hours per week of the structured type of ABA that is carried out with very young children—is currently low, and more vigorous research designs with larger sample sizes are needed. Two theoretical...
[ "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠASD", "Ġsymptoms", ".", "ĠOther", "Ġproblems", "Ġdocumented", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġtrials", "Ġcarried", "Ġout", "Ġinclude", "Ġtransgress", "ions", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġdiet", ",", "Ġsmall", "Ġsample", "Ġsize", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġheterogeneity", "Ġof", "Ġthe...	14	of the ASD symptoms. Other problems documented in the trials carried out include transgressions of the diet, small sample size, the heterogeneity of the participants and the possibility of a placebo effect. In the subset of people who have gluten sensitivity there is limited evidence that suggests that a gluten-free d...
[ "Ġ25", "%", "Ġto", "Ġ70", "%,", "Ġa", "Ġwide", "Ġvariation", "Ġillustrating", "Ġthe", "Ġdifficulty", "Ġof", "Ġassessing", "Ġintelligence", "Ġof", "Ġindividuals", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "Ġautism", "Ġspectrum", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġcomparison", ",", "Ġfor", "ĠPD", "D", "-", "N...	15	25% to 70%, a wide variation illustrating the difficulty of assessing intelligence of individuals on the autism spectrum. In comparison, for PDD-NOS the association with intellectual disability is much weaker, and by definition, the diagnosis of Asperger's excludes intellectual disability. Anxiety disorders are commo...
[ "Ġdifficult", "Ġto", "Ġdeal", "Ġwith", ",", "Ġand", "Ġhas", "Ġgiven", "Ġthem", "Ġa", "Ġway", "Ġto", "Ġform", "Ġonline", "Ġcommunities", "Ġand", "Ġwork", "Ġremotely", ".", "ĠSoc", "ietal", "Ġand", "Ġcultural", "Ġaspects", "Ġof", "Ġautism", "Ġhave", "Ġdeveloped", ...	16	difficult to deal with, and has given them a way to form online communities and work remotely. Societal and cultural aspects of autism have developed: some in the community seek a cure, while others believe that autism is simply another way of being. Society and culture An autistic culture has emerged, accompanied b...
[ ".", "ĠThis", "Ġis", "Ġfar", "Ġhigher", "Ġthan", "Ġfor", "Ġthe", "Ġocean", "Ġprimarily", "Ġbecause", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġcontribution", "Ġof", "Ġclouds", ".", "Ġ", "ĠEarth", "'s", "Ġsurface", "Ġal", "bed", "o", "Ġis", "Ġregularly", "Ġestimated", "Ġvia", "ĠEarth",...	17	. This is far higher than for the ocean primarily because of the contribution of clouds. Earth's surface albedo is regularly estimated via Earth observation satellite sensors such as NASA's MODIS instruments on board the Terra and Aqua satellites, and the CERES instrument on the Suomi NPP and JPSS. As the amount of re...
[ "Ġdue", "Ġto", "Ġthe", "Ġchange", "Ġof", "Ġseasons", ",", "Ġeventually", "Ġwarm", "Ġair", "Ġmasses", "Ġand", "Ġa", "Ġmore", "Ġdirect", "Ġangle", "Ġof", "Ġsunlight", "Ġ(", "higher", "Ġins", "olation", ")", "Ġcause", "Ġmelting", ".", "ĠWhen", "Ġthe", "Ġmelted", ...	18	due to the change of seasons, eventually warm air masses and a more direct angle of sunlight (higher insolation) cause melting. When the melted area reveals surfaces with lower albedo, such as grass, soil, or ocean, the effect is reversed: the darkening surface lowers albedo, increasing local temperatures, which induc...
[ "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġcanopy", ".", "Ġ", "ĠStudies", "Ġby", "Ġthe", "ĠHad", "ley", "ĠCentre", "Ġhave", "Ġinvestigated", "Ġthe", "Ġrelative", "Ġ(", "gener", "ally", "Ġwarming", ")", "Ġeffect", "Ġof", "Ġal", "bed", "o", "Ġchange", "Ġand", "Ġ(", "cool", "ing", ")"...	19	in the canopy. Studies by the Hadley Centre have investigated the relative (generally warming) effect of albedo change and (cooling) effect of carbon sequestration on planting forests. They found that new forests in tropical and midlatitude areas tended to cool; new forests in high latitudes (e.g., Siberia) were neut...
[ "Ġknow", "Ġcomes", "Ġfrom", "Ġthe", "Ġstudy", "Ġof", "Ġtheir", "Ġal", "bed", "os", ".", "ĠFor", "Ġexample", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġabsolute", "Ġal", "bed", "o", "Ġcan", "Ġindicate", "Ġthe", "Ġsurface", "Ġice", "Ġcontent", "Ġof", "Ġouter", "ĠSolar", "ĠSystem", "Ġobje...	20	know comes from the study of their albedos. For example, the absolute albedo can indicate the surface ice content of outer Solar System objects, the variation of albedo with phase angle gives information about regolith properties, whereas unusually high radar albedo is indicative of high metal content in asteroids. E...
[ "os", "Ġ", "Ġreflect", "ivity", "Ġof", "Ġmetals", "Ġ(", "chart", ")", "Ġ", "ĠLand", "Ġsurface", "Ġeffects", "Ġon", "Ġclimate", "ĠClimate", "Ġchange", "Ġfeedback", "s", "ĠClimate", "Ġforcing", "ĠClim", "at", "ology", "ĠElect", "rom", "agnetic", "Ġradiation", "Ġ...	21	os reflectivity of metals (chart) Land surface effects on climate Climate change feedbacks Climate forcing Climatology Electromagnetic radiation Radiometry Scattering, absorption and radiative transfer (optics) Radiation 1760s neologisms <\|endoftext\|>A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel of the modern Engl...
[ "Ġwas", "Ġdropped", ",", "Ġresulting", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġmodern", "Ġhandwritten", "Ġform", ".", "ĠGraphic", "Ġdesigners", "Ġrefer", "Ġto", "Ġthe", "ĠItal", "ic", "Ġand", "ĠRoman", "Ġforms", "Ġas", "Ġ\"", "single", "Ġdeck", "er", "Ġa", "\"", "Ġand", "Ġ\"", "do...	22	was dropped, resulting in the modern handwritten form. Graphic designers refer to the Italic and Roman forms as "single decker a" and "double decker a" respectively. Italic type is commonly used to mark emphasis or more generally to distinguish one part of a text from the rest (set in Roman type). There are some othe...
[ "Ħ", "ĠÃ", "¤", "Ġ", "Ç", "ŀ", "Ġ", "Ç", "Ł", "ĠÃ", "Ģ", "ĠÃł", "Ġ", "È", "Ģ", "Ġ", "È", "ģ", "ĠÃ", "ģ", "ĠÃ", "¡", "ĠÄ", "Ģ", "Ġ", "Äģ", "ĠÄ", "Ģ", "Ì", "Ģ", "Ġ", "Äģ", "Ì", "Ģ", "Ġ", "Ãĥ", "ĠÃ", "£", "ĠÄ", "Ħ", "ĠÄ", "ħ", "ĠÄ", ...	23	� ä Ǟ ǟ À à Ȁ ȁ Á á Ā ā Ā̀ ā̀ Ã ã Ą ą Ą́ ą́ Ą̃ ą̃ A̲ a̲ ᶏ Phonetic alphabet symbols related to A (the International Phonetic Alphabet only uses lowercase, but uppercase forms are used in some other writing systems): Ɑ ɑ : Latin letter alpha / script A, which represents an open back unrounded vowel in the IPA ᶐ : Latin...
[ "ĠSel", "ma", "Ġto", "ĠMontgomery", "Ġmarch", "Ġmade", "Ġthe", "Ġstate", "Ġa", "Ġmajor", "Ġfocal", "Ġpoint", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġcivil", "Ġrights", "Ġmovement", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġ1950", "s", "Ġand", "Ġ1960", "s", ".", "ĠDuring", "Ġand", "Ġafter", "ĠWorld", "ĠWar...	24	Selma to Montgomery march made the state a major focal point of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. During and after World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy diversified with new industries. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville would help Alabama's economic growth in the mid-to-late...
[ "Ġfounded", "Ġthe", "Ġregion", "'s", "Ġfirst", "ĠEuropean", "Ġsettlement", "Ġat", "ĠOld", "ĠMobile", "Ġin", "Ġ17", "02", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġcity", "Ġwas", "Ġmoved", "Ġto", "Ġthe", "Ġcurrent", "Ġsite", "Ġof", "ĠMobile", "Ġin", "Ġ17", "11", ".", "ĠThis", "Ġarea", ...	25	founded the region's first European settlement at Old Mobile in 1702. The city was moved to the current site of Mobile in 1711. This area was claimed by the French from 1702 to 1763 as part of La Louisiane. After the French lost to the British in the Seven Years' War, it became part of British West Florida from 1763 ...
[ "ĠNathan", "ĠBedford", "ĠForrest", "'s", "Ġbattalion", "Ġin", "ĠHopkins", "ville", ",", "ĠKentucky", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġcompany", "Ġwore", "Ġnew", "Ġuniforms", "Ġwith", "Ġyellow", "Ġtrim", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "Ġsleeves", ",", "Ġcollar", "Ġand", "Ġco", "att", "ails", "....	26	Nathan Bedford Forrest's battalion in Hopkinsville, Kentucky. The company wore new uniforms with yellow trim on the sleeves, collar and coattails. This led to them being greeted with "Yellowhammer", and the name later was applied to all Alabama troops in the Confederate Army. Alabama's slaves were freed by the 13th A...
[ "Ġbasis", "Ġof", "Ġits", "Ġeconomy", ".", "ĠIts", "Ġresidents", "Ġwere", "Ġunder", "-", "represented", "Ġfor", "Ġdecades", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġstate", "Ġlegislature", ",", "Ġwhich", "Ġrefused", "Ġto", "Ġredist", "rict", "Ġafter", "Ġeach", "Ġdec", "ennial", "Ġcensus...	27	basis of its economy. Its residents were under-represented for decades in the state legislature, which refused to redistrict after each decennial census according to population changes, as it was required by the state constitution. This did not change until the late 1960s following a lawsuit and court order. Industri...
[ "Ġl", "agged", "Ġbehind", "Ġother", "Ġstates", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġarea", ",", "Ġsuch", "Ġas", "ĠGeorgia", "Ġand", "ĠFlorida", ".", "Ġ", "Ġ21", "st", "Ġcentury", "Ġ", "ĠIn", "Ġ2001", ",", "ĠAlabama", "ĠSupreme", "ĠCourt", "Ġchief", "Ġjustice", "ĠRoy", "ĠMoore",...	28	lagged behind other states in the area, such as Georgia and Florida. 21st century In 2001, Alabama Supreme Court chief justice Roy Moore installed a statue of the Ten Commandments in the capitol in Montgomery. In 2002, the 11th US Circuit Court ordered the statue removed, but Moore refused to follow the court order,...
[ "Ġaverage", "Ġof", "Ġ", "Ġof", "Ġrainfall", "Ġannually", "Ġand", "Ġenjoys", "Ġa", "Ġlengthy", "Ġgrowing", "Ġseason", "Ġof", "Ġup", "Ġto", "Ġ300", "Ġdays", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġsouthern", "Ġpart", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġstate", ".", "Ġ", "ĠSummers", "Ġin", "ĠAlabama", ...	29	average of of rainfall annually and enjoys a lengthy growing season of up to 300 days in the southern part of the state. Summers in Alabama are among the hottest in the U.S., with high temperatures averaging over throughout the summer in some parts of the state. Alabama is also prone to tropical storms and hurrican...
[ "ĠAlabama", "Ġare", "Ġof", "Ġoverwhelmingly", "ĠEnglish", "Ġextraction", ",", "Ġhowever", "Ġmost", "ĠEnglish", "ĠAmericans", "Ġidentify", "Ġsimply", "Ġas", "Ġhaving", "ĠAmerican", "Ġancestry", "Ġbecause", "Ġtheir", "Ġroots", "Ġhave", "Ġbeen", "Ġin", "ĠNorth", "ĠAmeric...	30	Alabama are of overwhelmingly English extraction, however most English Americans identify simply as having American ancestry because their roots have been in North America for so long, in many cases since the early sixteen hundreds. Demographers estimate that a minimum of 20–23% of people in Alabama are of predominan...
[ "ĠAssociate", "ĠRe", "formed", "ĠPresbyter", "ians", "Ġwith", "Ġ230", "Ġmembers", "Ġand", "Ġnine", "Ġcongreg", "ations", ").", "Ġ", "ĠIn", "Ġa", "Ġ2007", "Ġsurvey", ",", "Ġnearly", "Ġ70", "%", "Ġof", "Ġrespondents", "Ġcould", "Ġname", "Ġall", "Ġfour", "Ġof", ...	31	Associate Reformed Presbyterians with 230 members and nine congregations). In a 2007 survey, nearly 70% of respondents could name all four of the Christian Gospels. Of those who indicated a religious preference, 59% said they possessed a "full understanding" of their faith and needed no further learning. In a 2007 po...
[ "Ġextraction", ";", "Ġ106", ",", "280", "Ġin", "Ġinstallation", ",", "Ġmaintenance", ",", "Ġand", "Ġrepair", ";", "Ġ224", ",", "110", "Ġin", "Ġproduction", ";", "Ġand", "Ġ167", ",", "160", "Ġin", "Ġtransportation", "Ġand", "Ġmaterial", "Ġmoving", ".", "Ġ", ...	32	extraction; 106,280 in installation, maintenance, and repair; 224,110 in production; and 167,160 in transportation and material moving. According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, the 2008 total gross state product was $170billion, or $29,411 per capita. Alabama's 2012 GDP increased 1.2% from the previous year...
[ "Ġrefinery", "Ġthere", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġcompany", "Ġalso", "Ġoperates", "Ġterminals", "Ġin", "ĠMobile", ",", "ĠMelvin", ",", "Ġand", "ĠM", "ound", "ville", ".", "ĠJ", "VC", "ĠAmerica", ",", "ĠInc", ".", "Ġoperates", "Ġan", "Ġoptical", "Ġdisc", "Ġreplication", ...	33	refinery there. The company also operates terminals in Mobile, Melvin, and Moundville. JVC America, Inc. operates an optical disc replication and packaging plant in Tuscaloosa. The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company operates a large plant in Gadsden which employs about 1,400 people. It has been in operation since 1929....
[ "Ġcentralized", "Ġpower", "Ġwith", "Ġthe", "Ġstate", "Ġlegislature", ",", "Ġleaving", "Ġpractically", "Ġno", "Ġpower", "Ġin", "Ġlocal", "Ġhands", ".", "ĠMost", "Ġcounties", "Ġdo", "Ġnot", "Ġhave", "Ġhome", "Ġrule", ".", "ĠAny", "Ġpolicy", "Ġchanges", "Ġproposed", ...	34	centralized power with the state legislature, leaving practically no power in local hands. Most counties do not have home rule. Any policy changes proposed in different areas of the state must be approved by the entire Alabama legislature and, frequently, by state referendum. One criticism of the current constitution ...
[ "-", "b", "urd", "ened", "Ġstate", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġcountry", ".", "Ġ", "ĠProperty", "Ġtaxes", "Ġof", "Ġ.", "40", "%", "Ġof", "Ġassessed", "Ġvalue", "Ġper", "Ġyear", ",", "Ġare", "Ġthe", "Ġsecond", "-", "low", "est", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠU", ".", "S", "....	35	-burdened state in the country. Property taxes of .40% of assessed value per year, are the second-lowest in the U.S., after Hawaii. The current state constitution requires a voter referendum to raise property taxes. County and local governments Alabama has 67 counties. Each county has its own elected legislative bra...
[ "is", "ement", "Ġof", "ĠBlacks", "Ġin", "Ġ1901", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġstate", "Ġbecame", "Ġpart", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġ\"", "Solid", "ĠSouth", "\",", "Ġa", "Ġsystem", "Ġin", "Ġwhich", "Ġthe", "ĠDemocratic", "ĠParty", "Ġoperated", "Ġas", "Ġeffectively", "Ġthe", "Ġonly", ...	36	isement of Blacks in 1901, the state became part of the "Solid South", a system in which the Democratic Party operated as effectively the only viable political party in every Southern state. For nearly a hundred years local and state elections in Alabama were decided in the Democratic Party primary, with generally only...
[ "ĠAlabama", "'s", "Ġprograms", "Ġof", "Ġhigher", "Ġeducation", "Ġinclude", "Ġ14", "Ġfour", "-", "year", "Ġpublic", "Ġuniversities", ",", "Ġtwo", "-", "year", "Ġcommunity", "Ġcolleges", ",", "Ġand", "Ġ17", "Ġprivate", ",", "Ġundergraduate", "Ġand", "Ġgraduate", "...	37	Alabama's programs of higher education include 14 four-year public universities, two-year community colleges, and 17 private, undergraduate and graduate universities. In the state are four medical schools (as of fall 2015) (University of Alabama School of Medicine, University of South Alabama and Alabama College of Os...
[ "PG", "A", "ĠTour", "),", "Ġthe", "ĠMobile", "ĠL", "PG", "A", "ĠTournament", "Ġof", "ĠChampions", ",", "ĠAirbus", "ĠL", "PG", "A", "ĠClassic", ",", "Ġand", "ĠYok", "oh", "ama", "ĠTire", "ĠL", "PG", "A", "ĠClassic", "Ġ(", "L", "PG", "A", "ĠTour", "),"...	38	PGA Tour), the Mobile LPGA Tournament of Champions, Airbus LPGA Classic, and Yokohama Tire LPGA Classic (LPGA Tour), and The Tradition (Champions Tour). College sports College football is extremely popular in Alabama, particularly the University of Alabama Crimson Tide and Auburn University Tigers, rivals in the South...
[ "ĠMoh", "l", ",", "ĠRaymond", "ĠA", ".", "Ġ\"", "Latin", "ization", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠHeart", "Ġof", "ĠD", "ixie", ":", "ĠHispanics", "Ġin", "ĠLate", "-", "tw", "ent", "ieth", "-", "century", "ĠAlabama", "\"", "ĠAlabama", "ĠReview", "Ġ(", "2002", ",", "...	39	Mohl, Raymond A. "Latinization in the Heart of Dixie: Hispanics in Late-twentieth-century Alabama" Alabama Review (2002, 55(4): 243–274). Peirce, Neal R. The Deep South States of America: People, Politics, and Power in the Seven Deep South States (1974). Williams, Benjamin Buford. A Literary History of Alabama: The...
[ "Ê", "°", "-", "Ġ\"", "to", "Ġbe", "Ġupset", ",", "Ġafraid", "\".", "ĠThe", "Ġwhole", "Ġexpression", "Ġwould", "Ġbe", "Ġcomparable", "Ġto", "Ġthe", "ĠLatin", "Ġac", "up", "ed", "ius", "Ġ\"", "sw", "ift", "Ġof", "Ġfoot", "\".", "ĠCompare", "Ġalso", "Ġthe"...	40	ʰ- "to be upset, afraid". The whole expression would be comparable to the Latin acupedius "swift of foot". Compare also the Latin word family of aciēs "sharp edge or point, battle line, battle, engagement", acus "needle, pin, bodkin", and acuō "to make pointed, sharpen, whet; to exercise; to arouse" (whence acute). Som...
[ "Ġplace", "Ġthe", "Ġchildren", "Ġshe", "Ġhad", "Ġby", "ĠPe", "le", "us", ".", "ĠWhen", "Ġshe", "Ġhad", "ĠAchilles", ",", "ĠPe", "le", "us", "Ġnoticed", ",", "Ġtore", "Ġhim", "Ġfrom", "Ġthe", "Ġflames", "Ġwith", "Ġonly", "Ġa", "Ġburnt", "Ġfoot", ",", "Ġan...	41	place the children she had by Peleus. When she had Achilles, Peleus noticed, tore him from the flames with only a burnt foot, and confided him to the centaur Chiron. Later Chiron exhumed the body of the Damysus, who was the fastest of all the giants, removed the ankle, and incorporated it into Achilles' burnt foot. O...
[ "Ġas", "Ġin", "Ġolder", "Ġaccounts", ",", "ĠTro", "ilus", "Ġwas", "Ġa", "Ġyoung", "ĠTrojan", "Ġprince", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġyoungest", "Ġof", "ĠKing", "ĠPri", "am", "'s", "Ġand", "ĠHe", "c", "uba", "'s", "Ġfive", "Ġlegitimate", "Ġsons", "Ġ(", "or", "Ġaccording"...	42	as in older accounts, Troilus was a young Trojan prince, the youngest of King Priam's and Hecuba's five legitimate sons (or according other sources, another son of Apollo). Despite his youth, he was one of the main Trojan war leaders, a "horse fighter" or "chariot fighter" according to Homer. Prophecies linked Troilus...
[ "Ġitself", "Ġbefore", "Ġthe", "Ġtime", "Ġallotted", "Ġfor", "Ġits", "Ġdestruction", ",", "Ġseeming", "Ġto", "Ġshow", "Ġthat", "Ġthe", "Ġunh", "ind", "ered", "Ġrage", "Ġof", "ĠAchilles", "Ġcan", "Ġdefy", "Ġfate", "Ġitself", ".", "ĠFinally", ",", "ĠAchilles", "Ġ...	43	itself before the time allotted for its destruction, seeming to show that the unhindered rage of Achilles can defy fate itself. Finally, Achilles finds his prey. Achilles chases Hector around the wall of Troy three times before Athena, in the form of Hector's favorite and dearest brother, Deiphobus, persuades Hector t...
[ "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġdeath", "Ġof", "ĠAchilles", ",", "Ġeven", "Ġif", "Ġconsidered", "Ġsolely", "Ġas", "Ġit", "Ġoccurred", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġoldest", "Ġsources", ",", "Ġis", "Ġa", "Ġcomplex", "Ġone", ",", "Ġwith", "Ġmany", "Ġdifferent", "Ġversions", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġt...	44	The death of Achilles, even if considered solely as it occurred in the oldest sources, is a complex one, with many different versions. In the oldest version, the Iliad, and as predicted by Hector with his dying breath, the hero's death was brought about by Paris with an arrow (to the heel according to Statius). In so...
[ "ac", "alla", ".", "ĠAchilles", "'", "Ġcult", "Ġwas", "Ġalso", "Ġto", "Ġbe", "Ġfound", "Ġat", "Ġother", "Ġplaces", ",", "Ġe", ".", "Ġg", ".", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "Ġisland", "Ġof", "ĠAst", "yp", "al", "aea", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠSp", "or", "ades", ",", "Ġin", ...	45	acalla. Achilles' cult was also to be found at other places, e. g. on the island of Astypalaea in the Sporades, in Sparta which had a sanctuary, in Elis and in Achilles' homeland Thessaly, as well as in the Magna Graecia cities of Tarentum, Locri and Croton, accounting for an almost Panhellenic cult to the hero. The c...
[ "Ġson", "Ġfrom", "Ġthe", "Ġfuneral", "Ġpy", "re", "Ġand", "Ġremoved", "Ġhim", "Ġto", "Ġa", "Ġmythical", "Ġ", "Ġ(", "Le", "Ãº", "k", "Äĵ", "ĠN", "Ãª", "s", "os", "Ġ\"", "White", "ĠIsland", "\").", "ĠAlready", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġfifth", "Ġcentury", "ĠBC", ...	46	son from the funeral pyre and removed him to a mythical (Leúkē Nêsos "White Island"). Already in the fifth century BC, Pindar had mentioned a cult of Achilles on a "bright island" (φαεννά νᾶσος, phaenná nâsos) of the Black Sea, while in another of his works, Pindar would retell the story of the immortalized Achilles ...
[ "Ġthis", "Ġis", "Ġincorrect", "Ġbecause", "ĠAchilles", ",", "Ġbeing", "Ġthe", "Ġyounger", "Ġand", "Ġmore", "Ġbeautiful", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġtwo", ",", "Ġwas", "Ġthe", "Ġbeloved", ",", "Ġwho", "Ġloved", "Ġhis", "Ġlover", "Ġso", "Ġmuch", "Ġthat", "Ġhe", "Ġchose", ...	47	this is incorrect because Achilles, being the younger and more beautiful of the two, was the beloved, who loved his lover so much that he chose to die to avenge him. The tragedian Sophocles also wrote The Lovers of Achilles, a play with Achilles as the main character. Only a few fragments survive. Towards the end of...
[ "ĠTroy", "Ġseries", "Ġof", "Ġbooks", "Ġ(", "2005", "âĢĵ", "2007", ").", "Ġ", "ĠAchilles", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġmain", "Ġcharacter", "Ġin", "ĠDavid", "ĠMal", "ouf", "'s", "Ġnovel", "ĠR", "ansom", "Ġ(", "2009", ").", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġghost", "Ġof", "ĠAchilles", ...	48	Troy series of books (2005–2007). Achilles is the main character in David Malouf's novel Ransom (2009). The ghost of Achilles appears in Rick Riordan's The Last Olympian (2009). He warns Percy Jackson about the Curse of Achilles and its side effects. Achilles is a main character in Terence Hawkins' 2009 novel The R...
[ "Ġon", "Ġthe", "Ġ2017", "ĠGang", "Ġof", "ĠYou", "ths", "Ġalbum", "ĠGo", "ĠF", "art", "her", "Ġin", "ĠLight", "ness", ".", "Ġ", "ĠFilm", "Ġand", "Ġtelevision", "ĠIn", "Ġfilms", "ĠAchilles", "Ġhas", "Ġbeen", "Ġportrayed", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġfollowing", "Ġfilms",...	49	on the 2017 Gang of Youths album Go Farther in Lightness. Film and television In films Achilles has been portrayed in the following films and television series: The 1924 film Helena by Carlo Aldini The 1954 film Ulysses by Piero Lulli The 1956 film Helen of Troy by Stanley Baker The 1961 film The Trojan Horse by ...
[ "ishing", "Ġslavery", ",", "Ġbolst", "ering", "Ġthe", "Ġfederal", "Ġgovernment", ",", "Ġand", "Ġmodern", "izing", "Ġthe", "ĠU", ".", "S", ".", "Ġeconomy", ".", "Ġ", "ĠLincoln", "Ġwas", "Ġborn", "Ġinto", "Ġpoverty", "Ġin", "Ġa", "Ġlog", "Ġcabin", "Ġin", "ĠK...	50	ishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy. Lincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin in Kentucky and was raised on the frontier primarily in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. Congressman from Illinois. ...
[ ",", "ĠNancy", "ĠLincoln", "Ġsuccumbed", "Ġto", "Ġmilk", "Ġsickness", ",", "Ġleaving", "Ġ11", "-", "year", "-", "old", "ĠSarah", "Ġin", "Ġcharge", "Ġof", "Ġa", "Ġhousehold", "Ġincluding", "Ġher", "Ġfather", ",", "Ġ9", "-", "year", "-", "old", "ĠAbraham", "...	51	, Nancy Lincoln succumbed to milk sickness, leaving 11-year-old Sarah in charge of a household including her father, 9-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's 19-year-old orphan cousin, Dennis Hanks. Ten years later, on January 20, 1828, Sarah died while giving birth to a stillborn son, devastating Lincoln. On December 2, 1819,...
[ ",", "Ġ18", "53", ",", "Ġand", "Ġsurvived", "Ġhis", "Ġfather", "Ġbut", "Ġdied", "Ġof", "Ġheart", "Ġfailure", "Ġat", "Ġage", "Ġ18", "Ġon", "ĠJuly", "Ġ16", ",", "Ġ18", "71", ".", "ĠLincoln", "Ġ\"", "was", "Ġremarkably", "Ġfond", "Ġof", "Ġchildren", "\"", "...	52	, 1853, and survived his father but died of heart failure at age 18 on July 16, 1871. Lincoln "was remarkably fond of children" and the Lincolns were not considered to be strict with their own. In fact, Lincoln's law partner William H. Herndon would grow irritated when Lincoln would bring his children to the law office...
[ ",", "Ġthat", "Ġrises", "Ġin", "Ġshowers", "Ġof", "Ġblood", "\".", "ĠHe", "Ġsupported", "Ġthe", "ĠWil", "mot", "ĠPro", "vis", "o", ",", "Ġa", "Ġfailed", "Ġproposal", "Ġto", "Ġban", "Ġslavery", "Ġin", "Ġany", "ĠU", ".", "S", ".", "Ġterritory", "Ġwon", "Ġf...	53	, that rises in showers of blood". He supported the Wilmot Proviso, a failed proposal to ban slavery in any U.S. territory won from Mexico. Lincoln emphasized his opposition to Polk by drafting and introducing his Spot Resolutions. The war had begun with a Mexican slaughter of American soldiers in territory disputed b...
[ "Ġit", "Ġbecause", "Ġit", "Ġdepri", "ves", "Ġour", "Ġrepublican", "Ġexample", "Ġof", "Ġits", "Ġjust", "Ġinfluence", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġworld", "Âł", "...\"", "ĠLincoln", "'s", "Ġattacks", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "ĠKansas", "âĢĵ", "Ne", "braska", "ĠAct", "Ġmarked", "Ġhis"...	54	it because it deprives our republican example of its just influence in the world ..." Lincoln's attacks on the Kansas–Nebraska Act marked his return to political life. Nationally, the Whigs were irreparably split by the Kansas–Nebraska Act and other efforts to compromise on the slavery issue. Reflecting on the demise...
[ "Ġnomination", ",", "ĠDouglas", "Ġstated", ",", "Ġ\"[", "L", "incoln", "]", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġstrong", "Ġman", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġparty", "Âł", "...", "Ġand", "Ġif", "ĠI", "Ġbeat", "Ġhim", ",", "Ġmy", "Ġvictory", "Ġwill", "Ġbe", "Ġhardly", "Ġwon", ".\"", "Ġ...	55	nomination, Douglas stated, "[Lincoln] is the strong man of the party ... and if I beat him, my victory will be hardly won." The Senate campaign featured seven debates between Lincoln and Douglas. These were the most famous political debates in American history; they had an atmosphere akin to a prizefight and drew cr...
[ "Ġwas", "Ġthe", "Ġagg", "rieved", "Ġparty", ".", "ĠThroughout", "Ġthe", "Ġ1850", "s", ",", "ĠLincoln", "Ġhad", "Ġdoubted", "Ġthe", "Ġprospects", "Ġof", "Ġcivil", "Ġwar", ",", "Ġand", "Ġhis", "Ġsupporters", "Ġrejected", "Ġclaims", "Ġthat", "Ġhis", "Ġelection", ...	56	was the aggrieved party. Throughout the 1850s, Lincoln had doubted the prospects of civil war, and his supporters rejected claims that his election would incite secession. When Douglas was selected as the candidate of the Northern Democrats, delegates from eleven slave states walked out of the Democratic convention; t...
[ ",", "Ġbut", "Ġfriends", ".", "ĠWe", "Ġmust", "Ġnot", "Ġbe", "Ġenemies", "Âł", "...", "ĠThe", "Ġmystic", "Ġchords", "Ġof", "Ġmemory", ",", "Ġstretching", "Ġfrom", "Ġevery", "Ġbattlefield", ",", "Ġand", "Ġpatriot", "Ġgrave", ",", "Ġto", "Ġevery", "Ġliving", "...	57	, but friends. We must not be enemies ... The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield, and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature." The failu...
[ "Ġcomb", "ative", "ĠSecretary", "Ġof", "ĠState", "ĠWilliam", "ĠSew", "ard", "Ġwhile", "Ġworking", "Ġclosely", "Ġwith", "ĠSenate", "ĠForeign", "ĠRelations", "ĠCommittee", "Ġchairman", "ĠCharles", "ĠSum", "ner", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġthe", "Ġ1861", "ĠTrent", "ĠAff", "air", ...	58	combative Secretary of State William Seward while working closely with Senate Foreign Relations Committee chairman Charles Sumner. In the 1861 Trent Affair which threatened war with Great Britain, the U.S. Navy illegally intercepted a British mail ship, the Trent, on the high seas and seized two Confederate envoys; Br...
[ "burg", "Ġand", "Ġgained", "Ġcontrol", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠMississippi", "ĠRiver", ",", "Ġsplitting", "Ġthe", "Ġfar", "Ġwestern", "Ġrebel", "Ġstates", ".", "Ġ", "ĠE", "man", "c", "ipation", "ĠPro", "clamation", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "ĠFederal", "Ġgovernment", "'s", "Ġpowe...	59	burg and gained control of the Mississippi River, splitting the far western rebel states. Emancipation Proclamation The Federal government's power to end slavery was limited by the Constitution, which before 1865 delegated the issue to the individual states. Lincoln argued that slavery would be rendered obsolete if i...
[ "Ġif", "Ġit", "Ġtakes", "Ġall", "Ġsummer", ".\"", "ĠGrant", "'s", "Ġarmy", "Ġmoved", "Ġsteadily", "Ġsouth", ".", "ĠLincoln", "Ġtraveled", "Ġto", "ĠGrant", "'s", "Ġheadquarters", "Ġat", "ĠCity", "ĠPoint", ",", "ĠVirginia", ",", "Ġto", "Ġconfer", "Ġwith", "ĠGran...	60	if it takes all summer." Grant's army moved steadily south. Lincoln traveled to Grant's headquarters at City Point, Virginia, to confer with Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman. Lincoln reacted to Union losses by mobilizing support throughout the North. Lincoln authorized Grant to target infrastructure—plantations, rai...
[ "aney", "'s", "Ġseat", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "ĠSupreme", "ĠCourt", ",", "Ġhe", "Ġnamed", "Ġthe", "ĠRad", "icals", "'", "Ġchoice", ",", "ĠSalmon", "ĠP", ".", "ĠChase", ",", "Ġwho", "ĠLincoln", "Ġbelieved", "Ġwould", "Ġuphold", "Ġhis", "Ġemancipation", "Ġand", "Ġpape...	61	aney's seat on the Supreme Court, he named the Radicals' choice, Salmon P. Chase, who Lincoln believed would uphold his emancipation and paper money policies. After implementing the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln increased pressure on Congress to outlaw slavery throughout the nation with a constitutional amendment...
[ "Ġpolicy", "Ġwith", "Ġlong", "Ġprecedent", "),", "Ġand", "Ġa", "ĠFederal", "Ġincome", "Ġtax", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġ1861", ",", "ĠLincoln", "Ġsigned", "Ġthe", "Ġsecond", "Ġand", "Ġthird", "ĠMor", "rill", "ĠTar", "iffs", ",", "Ġfollowing", "Ġthe", "Ġfirst", "Ġenacted",...	62	policy with long precedent), and a Federal income tax. In 1861, Lincoln signed the second and third Morrill Tariffs, following the first enacted by Buchanan. He also signed the Revenue Act of 1861, creating the first U.S. income tax—a flat tax of 3 percent on incomes above $800 ($ in current dollar terms). The Revenue...
[ "Ġfrom", "ĠWashington", "ĠD", ".", "C", ".", "Ġto", "ĠSpringfield", ",", "ĠIllinois", ",", "Ġstopping", "Ġat", "Ġmany", "Ġcities", "Ġfor", "Ġmemorial", "s", "Ġattended", "Ġby", "Ġhundreds", "Ġof", "Ġthousands", ".", "ĠMany", "Ġothers", "Ġgathered", "Ġalong", "...	63	from Washington D.C. to Springfield, Illinois, stopping at many cities for memorials attended by hundreds of thousands. Many others gathered along the tracks as the train passed with bands, bonfires, and hymn singing or in silent grief. Poet Walt Whitman composed "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd" to eulogize ...
[ "Ġfounded", "Ġon", "Ġa", "Ġlegal", "Ġargument", "Ġregarding", "Ġthe", "ĠConstitution", "Ġas", "Ġessentially", "Ġa", "Ġcontract", "Ġamong", "Ġthe", "Ġstates", ",", "Ġand", "Ġall", "Ġparties", "Ġmust", "Ġagree", "Ġto", "Ġpull", "Ġout", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġcontract", ...	64	founded on a legal argument regarding the Constitution as essentially a contract among the states, and all parties must agree to pull out of the contract. Furthermore, it was a national duty to ensure the republic stands in every state. Many soldiers and religious leaders from the north, though, felt the fight for lib...
[ "orted", "Ġthat", "Ġhe", "Ġwas", "Ġnot", "Ġas", "Ġbad", "Ġas", "Ġmost", "Ġpoliticians", "Ġof", "Ġhis", "Ġday", ";", "Ġand", "Ġthat", "Ġhe", "Ġwas", "Ġa", "Ġ\"", "moral", "Ġvisionary", "\"", "Ġwho", "Ġdeft", "ly", "Ġadvanced", "Ġthe", "Ġabolition", "ist", "...	65	orted that he was not as bad as most politicians of his day; and that he was a "moral visionary" who deftly advanced the abolitionist cause, as fast as politically possible. The emphasis shifted away from Lincoln the emancipator to an argument that blacks had freed themselves from slavery, or at least were responsible ...
[ "Ġpresidential", "Ġelection", "ĠCand", "idates", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġ18", "64", "ĠUnited", "ĠStates", "Ġpresidential", "Ġelection", "ĠHall", "Ġof", "ĠFame", "Ġfor", "ĠGreat", "ĠAmericans", "Ġinduct", "ees", "ĠIllinois", "ĠCentral", "ĠRailroad", "Ġpeople", "ĠIllinois", ...	66	presidential election Candidates in the 1864 United States presidential election Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees Illinois Central Railroad people Illinois Republicans Illinois Whigs Illinois lawyers Abraham Male murder victims Members of the Illinois House of Representatives Members of the United States Hou...
[ "Ġmoved", "Ġto", "ĠAthens", "Ġto", "Ġcontinue", "Ġhis", "Ġeducation", "Ġat", "ĠPlato", "'s", "ĠAcademy", ".", "ĠHe", "Ġprobably", "Ġexperienced", "Ġthe", "ĠEle", "us", "inian", "ĠMysteries", "Ġas", "Ġhe", "Ġwrote", "Ġwhen", "Ġdescribing", "Ġthe", "Ġsights", "Ġon...	67	moved to Athens to continue his education at Plato's Academy. He probably experienced the Eleusinian Mysteries as he wrote when describing the sights one viewed at the Eleusinian Mysteries, "to experience is to learn" [παθείν μαθεĩν]. Aristotle remained in Athens for nearly twenty years before leaving in 348/47 BC. Th...
[ "Ġthey", "Ġare", "Ġcomposed", ")", "Ġis", "Ġnot", "Ġcertain", ",", "Ġbut", "Ġthis", "Ġlist", "Ġwas", "Ġderived", "Ġfrom", "Ġanalysis", "Ġof", "ĠAristotle", "'s", "Ġwritings", ".", "ĠIt", "Ġgoes", "Ġfrom", "Ġthe", "Ġbasics", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġanalysis", "Ġof", "...	68	they are composed) is not certain, but this list was derived from analysis of Aristotle's writings. It goes from the basics, the analysis of simple terms in the Categories, the analysis of propositions and their elementary relations in On Interpretation, to the study of more complex forms, namely, syllogisms (in the A...
[ "ĠAct", "uality", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġfulfil", "ment", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġend", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġpotential", "ity", ".", "ĠBecause", "Ġthe", "Ġend", "Ġ(", "tel", "os", ")", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġprinciple", "Ġof", "Ġevery", "Ġchange", ",", "Ġand", "Ġfor", "Ġthe", ...	69	Actuality is the fulfilment of the end of the potentiality. Because the end (telos) is the principle of every change, and for the sake of the end exists potentiality, therefore actuality is the end. Referring then to the previous example, it can be said that an actuality is when a plant does one of the activities that...
[ "'s", "Ġclaim", "Ġthat", "Ġa", "Ġheavier", "Ġobject", "Ġfalls", "Ġfaster", "Ġthan", "Ġa", "Ġlighter", "Ġobject", "Ġis", "Ġincorrect", ".", "ĠA", "Ġcontrary", "Ġopinion", "Ġis", "Ġgiven", "Ġby", "ĠCarlo", "ĠRove", "lli", ",", "Ġwho", "Ġargues", "Ġthat", "ĠArist...	70	's claim that a heavier object falls faster than a lighter object is incorrect. A contrary opinion is given by Carlo Rovelli, who argues that Aristotle's physics of motion is correct within its domain of validity, that of objects in the Earth's gravitational field immersed in a fluid such as air. In this system, heavy ...
[ "rolog", "ic", "Ġcycle", "Ġand", "Ġmeteor", "ology", "Ġ(", "including", "Ġhis", "Ġmajor", "Ġwritings", "Ġ\"", "Met", "eor", "olog", "ica", "\").", "ĠFor", "Ġexample", ",", "Ġhe", "Ġmade", "Ġsome", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġearliest", "Ġobservations", "Ġabout", "Ġdes", ...	71	rologic cycle and meteorology (including his major writings "Meteorologica"). For example, he made some of the earliest observations about desalination: he observed early – and correctly – that when seawater is heated, freshwater evaporates and that the oceans are then replenished by the cycle of rainfall and river run...
[ "Ġbelow", "Ġthem", "Ġthe", "Ġcolder", "Ġinver", "te", "brates", "Ġas", "Ġ\"", "anim", "als", "Ġwithout", "Ġblood", "\".", "ĠThose", "Ġwith", "Ġblood", "Ġwere", "Ġdivided", "Ġinto", "Ġthe", "Ġlive", "-", "bearing", "Ġ(", "m", "amm", "als", "),", "Ġand", "Ġt...	72	below them the colder invertebrates as "animals without blood". Those with blood were divided into the live-bearing (mammals), and the egg-laying (birds, reptiles, fish). Those without blood were insects, crustacea (non-shelled – cephalopods, and shelled) and the hard-shelled molluscs (bivalves and gastropods). He rec...
[ "Ġduring", "Ġsleep", "Ġthey", "Ġcannot", "Ġhave", "Ġdesire", ",", "Ġwhich", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġresult", "Ġof", "Ġsensation", ".", "ĠHowever", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġsenses", "Ġare", "Ġable", "Ġto", "Ġwork", "Ġduring", "Ġsleep", ",", "Ġalbeit", "Ġdifferently", ",", "Ġunl...	73	during sleep they cannot have desire, which is the result of sensation. However, the senses are able to work during sleep, albeit differently, unless they are weary. Dreams do not involve actually sensing a stimulus. In dreams, sensation is still involved, but in an altered manner. Aristotle explains that when a pers...
[ "ĠAristotle", "'s", "Ġconception", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġcity", "Ġis", "Ġorganic", ",", "Ġand", "Ġhe", "Ġis", "Ġconsidered", "Ġone", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġfirst", "Ġto", "Ġconceive", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġcity", "Ġin", "Ġthis", "Ġmanner", ".", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġcommon", "Ġmod...	74	Aristotle's conception of the city is organic, and he is considered one of the first to conceive of the city in this manner. The common modern understanding of a political community as a modern state is quite different from Aristotle's understanding. Although he was aware of the existence and potential of larger empi...
[ "Ġof", "Ġrhythm", "Ġand", "Ġharmony", ",", "Ġwhereas", "Ġdance", "Ġim", "itates", "Ġwith", "Ġrhythm", "Ġalone", ",", "Ġand", "Ġpoetry", "Ġwith", "Ġlanguage", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġforms", "Ġalso", "Ġdiffer", "Ġin", "Ġtheir", "Ġobject", "Ġof", "Ġimitation", ".", "ĠCom...	75	of rhythm and harmony, whereas dance imitates with rhythm alone, and poetry with language. The forms also differ in their object of imitation. Comedy, for instance, is a dramatic imitation of men worse than average; whereas tragedy imitates men slightly better than average. Lastly, the forms differ in their manner of ...
[ "Ġdistinguished", "Ġbetween", "Ġveins", "Ġand", "Ġarteries", ",", "Ġnoting", "Ġthat", "Ġthe", "Ġlatter", "Ġpulse", "Ġwhile", "Ġthe", "Ġformer", "Ġdo", "Ġnot", ".", "ĠThough", "Ġa", "Ġfew", "Ġancient", "Ġatom", "ists", "Ġsuch", "Ġas", "ĠLuc", "ret", "ius", "Ġch...	76	distinguished between veins and arteries, noting that the latter pulse while the former do not. Though a few ancient atomists such as Lucretius challenged the teleological viewpoint of Aristotelian ideas about life, teleology (and after the rise of Christianity, natural theology) would remain central to biological tho...
[ "Ġupon", "Ġwhom", "Ġthe", "Ġdivine", "Ġeman", "ation", "Ġhas", "Ġflowed", "Ġforth", "Ġto", "Ġsuch", "Ġan", "Ġextent", "Ġthat", "Ġthey", "Ġreach", "Ġthe", "Ġlevel", "Ġof", "Ġprophecy", ",", "Ġthere", "Ġbeing", "Ġno", "Ġlevel", "Ġhigher", "\".", "Ġ", "ĠOn", "Ġ...	77	upon whom the divine emanation has flowed forth to such an extent that they reach the level of prophecy, there being no level higher". On Early Modern scientists In the Early Modern period, scientists such as William Harvey in England and Galileo Galilei in Italy reacted against the theories of Aristotle and other c...
[ "ogen", "y", ".", "Ġ", "ĠSurv", "iving", "Ġworks", "Ġ", "ĠCorpus", "ĠArist", "ot", "el", "icum", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġworks", "Ġof", "ĠAristotle", "Ġthat", "Ġhave", "Ġsurvived", "Ġfrom", "Ġantiquity", "Ġthrough", "Ġmedieval", "Ġmanuscript", "Ġtransmission", "Ġare", ...	78	ogeny. Surviving works Corpus Aristotelicum The works of Aristotle that have survived from antiquity through medieval manuscript transmission are collected in the Corpus Aristotelicum. These texts, as opposed to Aristotle's lost works, are technical philosophical treatises from within Aristotle's school. Reference t...
[ "ĠPress", ".", "Ġ", "ĠLewis", ",", "ĠFrank", "ĠA", ".", "Ġ(", "1991", ").", "ĠSubstance", "Ġand", "ĠPred", "ication", "Ġin", "ĠAristotle", ".", "ĠCambridge", "ĠUniversity", "ĠPress", ".", "Ġ", "ĠLord", ",", "ĠCarn", "es", "Ġ(", "1984", ").", "ĠIntroduction...	79	Press. Lewis, Frank A. (1991). Substance and Predication in Aristotle. Cambridge University Press. Lord, Carnes (1984). Introduction to The Politics, by Aristotle. Chicago University Press. Loux, Michael J. (1991). Primary Ousia: An Essay on Aristotle's Metaphysics Ζ and Η. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Ma...
[ "ica", ",", "Ġpromoting", "ĠFranco", "-", "American", "Ġmusical", "Ġrelations", ",", "Ġand", "Ġwas", "Ġable", "Ġto", "Ġoffer", "ĠRa", "vel", "Ġa", "Ġ$", "10", ",", "000", "Ġfee", "Ġfor", "Ġthe", "Ġtour", ",", "Ġan", "Ġent", "ic", "ement", "ĠG", "ers", ...	80	ica, promoting Franco-American musical relations, and was able to offer Ravel a $10,000 fee for the tour, an enticement Gershwin knew would be important to Ravel. Gershwin greeted Ravel in New York in March 1928 during a party held for Ravel's birthday by Éva Gauthier. Ravel's tour reignited Gershwin's desire to retur...
[ "Ġhorns", "Ġas", "ĠA", ",", "ĠB", ",", "ĠC", ",", "Ġand", "ĠD", "Ġwith", "Ġcircles", ",", "Ġhe", "Ġwas", "Ġreferring", "Ġto", "Ġthe", "Ġfour", "Ġhorns", ",", "Ġand", "Ġnot", "Ġthe", "Ġnotes", "Ġthat", "Ġthey", "Ġplayed", ".", "Ġ", "ĠA", "Ġmajor", "Ġrev...	81	horns as A, B, C, and D with circles, he was referring to the four horns, and not the notes that they played. A major revision of the work by composer and arranger F. Campbell-Watson simplified the instrumentation by reducing the saxophones to only three instruments: alto, tenor and baritone. The soprano saxophone do...
[ "Ġreading", "Ġ", "ĠRim", "ler", ",", "ĠWalter", ".", "ĠGeorge", "ĠG", "ers", "h", "win", "Âł", "âĢĵ", "ĠAn", "ĠInt", "imate", "ĠPort", "rait", ".", "ĠUr", "b", "ana", ",", "ĠUniversity", "Ġof", "ĠIllinois", "ĠPress", ",", "Ġ2009", ".", "Ġchapter", "Ġ6"...	82	reading Rimler, Walter. George Gershwin – An Intimate Portrait. Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 2009. chapter 6: Paris, pp. 28–33. External links Scores, marked by Leonard Bernstein, Andre Kostelanetz, Erich Leinsdorf; New York Philharmonic archives 1944 recording by the New York Philharmonic conducted b...
[ "ĠAll", "ĠFlesh", ".", "ĠHe", "Ġhad", "Ġto", "Ġreturn", "Ġto", "ĠEurope", "Ġbefore", "Ġthe", "Ġceremony", ",", "Ġso", "Ġthe", "ĠAcademy", "Ġagreed", "Ġto", "Ġgive", "Ġhim", "Ġthe", "Ġprize", "Ġearlier", ";", "Ġthis", "Ġmade", "Ġhim", "Ġthe", "Ġfirst", "ĠAcad...	83	All Flesh. He had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier; this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. At that time, winners were recognized for the entirety of their work done in a certain category during the qualifying period; for example, Jannings re...
[ "Ġwere", "Ġmade", "Ġeach", "Ġyear", "Ġin", "ĠChicago", "Ġby", "ĠIllinois", "Ġmanufacturer", "ĠR", ".", "S", ".", "ĠOwens", "Ġ&", "ĠCompany", ".", "ĠIt", "Ġwould", "Ġtake", "Ġbetween", "Ġthree", "Ġand", "Ġfour", "Ġweeks", "Ġto", "Ġmanufacture", "Ġ50", "Ġstat", ...	84	were made each year in Chicago by Illinois manufacturer R.S. Owens & Company. It would take between three and four weeks to manufacture 50 statuettes. In 2016, the Academy returned to bronze as the core metal of the statuettes, handing manufacturing duties to Walden, New York-based Polich Tallix Fine Art Foundry. Whil...
[ "Ġof", "ĠTh", "al", "berg", ");", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "ĠJean", "ĠHers", "hol", "t", "ĠHuman", "itarian", "ĠAward", "Ġ(", "since", "Ġ1957", ")", "Ġ(", "in", "Ġthe", "Ġform", "Ġof", "Ġan", "ĠOscar", "Ġstat", "u", "ette", ");", "Ġ", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "ĠAcademy", "Ġ...	85	of Thalberg); The Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award (since 1957) (in the form of an Oscar statuette); The Academy Scientific and Technical Awards: Academy Award of Merit (non-competitive) (in the form of an Oscar statuette); Scientific and Engineering Award (in the form of a bronze tablet); Technical Achievement ...
[ "Ġpublic", "Ġexhibition", "Ġor", "Ġdistribution", "),", "Ġor", "Ġsubmission", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠInternational", "ĠFeature", "ĠFilm", "Ġcategory", "Ġas", "Ġits", "Ġcountry", "'s", "Ġofficial", "Ġselection", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġqualifying", "Ġtheatrical", "Ġruns", "Ġmust", ...	86	public exhibition or distribution), or submission in the International Feature Film category as its country's official selection. The qualifying theatrical runs must meet the same requirements as those for non-documentary films regarding numbers and times of screenings. Additionally, a film must have been reviewed by ...
[ "Ġmembers", "Ġwhen", "Ġthey", "Ġare", ".", "Ġ", "ĠAwards", "Ġceremonies", "Ġ", "ĠTele", "cast", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġmajor", "Ġawards", "Ġare", "Ġpresented", "Ġat", "Ġa", "Ġlive", "Ġtelevised", "Ġceremony", ",", "Ġcommonly", "Ġin", "Ġlate", "ĠFebruary", "Ġor", "Ġear...	87	members when they are. Awards ceremonies Telecast The major awards are presented at a live televised ceremony, commonly in late February or early March following the relevant calendar year, and six weeks after the announcement of the nominees. It is the culmination of the film awards season, which usually begins du...
[ "pop", "ularity", "Ġcontest", "\"", "Ġfeel", "Ġas", "Ġthe", "Ġaudience", "Ġvaried", "Ġtheir", "Ġapplause", "Ġto", "Ġthose", "Ġwho", "Ġhad", "Ġdied", "Ġby", "Ġthe", "Ġsubject", "'s", "Ġcultural", "Ġimpact", ";", "Ġthe", "Ġapplause", "Ġhas", "Ġsince", "Ġbeen", "...	88	popularity contest" feel as the audience varied their applause to those who had died by the subject's cultural impact; the applause has since been muted during the telecast, and the audience is discouraged from clapping during the segment and giving silent reflection instead. This segment was later followed by a commer...
[ "Ġon", "ĠMel", "rose", "ĠAvenue", "Ġin", "ĠHollywood", ".", "Ġ", "ĠFrom", "Ġ1950", "Ġto", "Ġ1960", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġawards", "Ġwere", "Ġpresented", "Ġat", "ĠHollywood", "'s", "ĠPant", "ages", "ĠTheatre", ".", "ĠWith", "Ġthe", "Ġadvent", "Ġof", "Ġtelevision", "...	89	on Melrose Avenue in Hollywood. From 1950 to 1960, the awards were presented at Hollywood's Pantages Theatre. With the advent of television, the awards from 1953 to 1957 took place simultaneously in Hollywood and New York, first at the NBC International Theatre (1953) and then at the NBC Century Theatre, after which ...
[ "Ġpolar", "izing", ".", "ĠDue", "Ġto", "Ġa", "Ġvariety", "Ġof", "Ġreasons", ",", "Ġincluding", "Ġmarket", "ability", "Ġand", "Ġhistorical", "Ġbans", "Ġon", "Ġinter", "racial", "Ġcouples", ",", "Ġa", "Ġnumber", "Ġof", "Ġhigh", "-", "profile", "ĠOscars", "Ġhave"...	90	polarizing. Due to a variety of reasons, including marketability and historical bans on interracial couples, a number of high-profile Oscars have been given to yellowface portrayals, as well as performances of Asian characters rewritten for white characters. The 88th awards ceremony became the target of a boycott, pop...
[ "Ġpeople", "Ġhave", "Ġcriticized", "Ġthe", "Ġseparation", "Ġof", "Ġmale", "Ġand", "Ġfemale", "Ġacting", "Ġcategories", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠAcademy", "ĠAwards", ",", "ĠEmmy", "ĠAwards", "Ġand", "ĠTony", "ĠAwards", ".", "ĠThough", "Ġsome", "Ġcommentators", "Ġworry", "Ġ...	91	people have criticized the separation of male and female acting categories in the Academy Awards, Emmy Awards and Tony Awards. Though some commentators worry that gender discrimination would cause men to dominate unsegregated categories, other categories are unsegregated. The Grammy Awards went gender-neutral in 2012,...
[ "Ãº", "ria", "ĠEs", "pert", "Ġas", "ĠGl", "Ã", "²", "ria", "ĠMarc", "Ġ", "ĠRosa", "ĠMaria", "ĠSard", "Ãł", "Ġas", "ĠAss", "um", "pta", "ĠR", "oca", "Ġ", "ĠAnna", "ĠLiz", "aran", "Ġas", "ĠMaria", "ĠCam", "inal", "Ġ", "ĠMerc", "Ã¨", "ĠP", "ons", "Ġas...	92	úria Espert as Glòria Marc Rosa Maria Sardà as Assumpta Roca Anna Lizaran as Maria Caminal Mercè Pons as Estudiant Recognition Screenings Actrius screened in 2001 at the Grauman's Egyptian Theatre in an American Cinematheque retrospective of the works of its director. The film had first screened at the same locati...
[ "Ġ60", ".", "ĠBell", "Ġ", "Ġ61", ".", "ĠBoot", "Ġ", "Ġ62", ".", "ĠButton", "Ġ", "Ġ63", ".", "ĠBlue", "berries", "Ġ", "Ġ64", ".", "ĠBelt", "Ġ", "Ġ65", ".", "ĠBug", "le", "Ġ", "Ġ66", ".", "ĠBull", "Ġ", "Ġ67", ".", "ĠBucket", "Ġ", "Ġ68", ".", "ĠBe...	93	60. Bell 61. Boot 62. Button 63. Blueberries 64. Belt 65. Bugle 66. Bull 67. Bucket 68. Bellows 69. Boomerang 70. Bathtub 71. Bone 72. Brush 73. Bottle 74. Banana 75. Brush 76. Binoculars 77. Barracuda 78. Buddha 79. Battery 80. Broom 81. Bat (animal) 82. Boy 83. Bungalow C 82. Crab 83. Chair...
[ "org", "on", "Ġ", "Ġ266", ".", "ĠGn", "ome", "Ġ", "Ġ267", ".", "ĠGram", "ophone", "Ġ", "Ġ268", ".", "ĠGoat", "Ġ", "Ġ269", ".", "ĠG", "oggles", "Ġ", "Ġ270", ".", "ĠGoose", "Ġ", "Ġ271", ".", "ĠGir", "affe", "Ġ", "Ġ272", ".", "ĠGaz", "eb", "o", "Ġ...	94	orgon 266. Gnome 267. Gramophone 268. Goat 269. Goggles 270. Goose 271. Giraffe 272. Gazebo 273. Guard 274. Gift 275. Garage 276. Garbage 277. Garbage can 278. Gallows 279. Guillotine 280. Ghost 281. Giant 282. Goal 283. Glider 284. Gage 285. Garter H 285. Hexagon 286. Hose 287. Hare 288. Hyena...
[ "ĠP", "isa", "Ġ(", "Le", "aning", "ĠTower", ")", "Ġ", "Ġ4", "56", ".", "ĠPart", "hen", "on", "Ġ", "Ġ457", ".", "ĠPalm", "Ġtree", "Ġ", "Ġ458", ".", "ĠPyramid", "Ġ", "Ġ4", "59", ".", "ĠParis", "Ġ", "Ġ460", ".", "ĠPeninsula", "Ġ", "Ġ4", "61", ".", ...	95	Pisa (Leaning Tower) 456. Parthenon 457. Palm tree 458. Pyramid 459. Paris 460. Peninsula 461. Penguin 462. Pool 463. Pathway 464. Procession 465. Platypus 466. Pan 467. Pumpkin 468. Pheasant 469. Partridge 470. Puffin 471. Pelican 472. Porcupine 473. Panda 474. Parcel 475. Pliers 476. Plow 477. ...
[ "31", ".", "ĠSt", "al", "ag", "mite", "Ġ", "Ġ6", "32", ".", "ĠSteam", "roller", "Ġ", "Ġ6", "33", ".", "ĠSw", "ings", "Ġ", "Ġ6", "34", ".", "ĠSlide", "Ġ", "Ġ6", "35", ".", "ĠSword", "Ġ", "Ġ6", "36", ".", "ĠShe", "athe", "Ġ", "Ġ6", "37", ".", ...	96	31. Stalagmite 632. Steamroller 633. Swings 634. Slide 635. Sword 636. Sheathe 637. Stiletto 638. Scimitar 639. Saber 640. Spear 641. Sleigh 642. Snow 643. Santa Claus 644. Sack 645. Sausage 646. Stick figure 647. Surfboard 648. Surfer 649. Seal 650. Skull 651. Spine 652. Shamrock 653. Spectacles ...
[ ",", "Ġthe", "ĠUnited", "ĠKingdom", ",", "ĠNorway", "Ġand", "ĠVenezuela", ".", "ĠIt", "Ġalso", "Ġairs", "Ġon", "ĠMin", "im", "ax", "Ġfor", "Ġthe", "ĠCzech", "ĠRepublic", "Ġand", "ĠSlovakia", ".", "ĠAnd", "Ġrecently", "Ġin", "ĠGreece", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "Ġchanne...	97	, the United Kingdom, Norway and Venezuela. It also airs on Minimax for the Czech Republic and Slovakia. And recently in Greece on the channel ET1. The Australian Children's Television Foundation released a teaching resource DVD-ROM in 2011 to accompany the TV series with teaching aids for classroom use. In 2010, The ...
[ "Ġon", "Ġ9", "ĠOctober", "Ġ1957", ".", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "ĠInternational", "ĠTime", "ĠBureau", "Ġ(", "BI", "H", ")", "Ġbegan", "Ġa", "Ġtime", "Ġscale", ",", "ĠT", "m", "Ġor", "ĠAM", ",", "Ġin", "ĠJuly", "Ġ1955", ",", "Ġusing", "Ġboth", "Ġlocal", "Ġca", "es"...	98	on 9 October 1957. The International Time Bureau (BIH) began a time scale, Tm or AM, in July 1955, using both local caesium clocks and comparisons to distant clocks using the phase of VLF radio signals. The BIH scale, A.1, and NBS-A were defined by an epoch at the beginning of 1958 The procedures used by the BIH evol...
[ "Ġ\"", "intention", "al", "Ġand", "Ġvoluntary", "Ġactions", "Ġthat", "Ġaim", "Ġto", "Ġenhance", "Ġthe", "Ġwelfare", "Ġof", "Ġanother", "Ġperson", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġabsence", "Ġof", "Ġany", "Ġqu", "id", "Ġpro", "Ġquo", "Ġexternal", "Ġrewards", "\".", "ĠIn", "Ġon...	99	"intentional and voluntary actions that aim to enhance the welfare of another person in the absence of any quid pro quo external rewards". In one sense, the opposite of altruism is spite; a spiteful action harms another with no self-benefit. Altruism can be distinguished from feelings of loyalty or concern for the co...

[ "An", "arch", "ism", "Ġis", "Ġa", "Ġpolitical", "Ġphilosophy", "Ġand", "Ġmovement", "Ġthat", "Ġis", "Ġscept", "ical", "Ġof", "Ġauthority", "Ġand", "Ġrejects", "Ġall", "Ġinvoluntary", ",", "Ġcoercive", "Ġforms", "Ġof", "Ġhierarchy", ".", "ĠAnarch", "ism", "Ġcalls...

0

Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is sceptical of authority and rejects all involuntary, coercive forms of hierarchy. Anarchism calls for the abolition of the state, which it holds to be unnecessary, undesirable, and harmful. As a historically left-wing movement, placed on the farthest left of the p...

[ "ist", "Ġphilosophers", "ĠZhu", "ang", "ĠZhou", "Ġand", "ĠLa", "oz", "i", ".", "ĠAlong", "side", "ĠSto", "icism", ",", "ĠTao", "ism", "Ġhas", "Ġbeen", "Ġsaid", "Ġto", "Ġhave", "Ġhad", "Ġ\"", "significant", "Ġanticip", "ations", "\"", "Ġof", "Ġanarchism", "...

1

ist philosophers Zhuang Zhou and Laozi. Alongside Stoicism, Taoism has been said to have had "significant anticipations" of anarchism. Anarchic attitudes were also articulated by tragedians and philosophers in Greece. Aeschylus and Sophocles used the myth of Antigone to illustrate the conflict between rules set by th...

[ "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠBolshe", "viks", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠOctober", "ĠRevolution", "Ġand", "Ġthe", "Ġresulting", "ĠRussian", "ĠCivil", "ĠWar", ",", "Ġmany", "Ġworkers", "Ġand", "Ġactivists", "Ġturned", "Ġto", "Ġcommunist", "Ġparties", "Ġwhich", "Ġgrew", "Ġat", "Ġthe", ...

2

of the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution and the resulting Russian Civil War, many workers and activists turned to communist parties which grew at the expense of anarchism and other socialist movements. In France and the United States, members of major syndicalist movements such as the General Confederation of Labo...

[ "Ġand", "Ġlocal", "Ġautonomy", ",", "Ġmutual", "Ġaid", ",", "Ġnetwork", "Ġorganisation", ",", "Ġcommunal", "Ġdemocracy", ",", "Ġjustified", "Ġauthority", "Ġand", "Ġdecentral", "isation", ".", "Ġ", "ĠClassical", "Ġ", "Ġ", "ĠIn", "ceptive", "Ġcurrents", "Ġamong", ...

3

and local autonomy, mutual aid, network organisation, communal democracy, justified authority and decentralisation. Classical Inceptive currents among classical anarchist currents were mutualism and individualism. They were followed by the major currents of social anarchism (collectivist, communist and syndicalist)...

[ "Ġends", ".", "ĠA", "Ġbroad", "Ġcategor", "isation", "Ġcan", "Ġbe", "Ġmade", "Ġbetween", "Ġaims", "Ġto", "Ġdestroy", "Ġoppressive", "Ġstates", "Ġand", "Ġinstitutions", "Ġby", "Ġrevolutionary", "Ġmeans", "Ġon", "Ġone", "Ġhand", "Ġand", "Ġaims", "Ġto", "Ġchange", ...

4

ends. A broad categorisation can be made between aims to destroy oppressive states and institutions by revolutionary means on one hand and aims to change society through evolutionary means on the other. Evolutionary tactics embrace nonviolence, reject violence and take a gradual approach to anarchist aims, although th...

[ "Ġstill", "Ġsupport", "Ġand", "Ġparticipate", "Ġin", "Ġstrikes", ",", "Ġespecially", "Ġwild", "cat", "Ġstrikes", "Ġas", "Ġthese", "Ġare", "Ġleader", "less", "Ġstrikes", "Ġnot", "Ġorganised", "Ġcentrally", "Ġby", "Ġa", "Ġsynd", "icate", ".", "Ġ", "ĠAs", "Ġin", ...

5

still support and participate in strikes, especially wildcat strikes as these are leaderless strikes not organised centrally by a syndicate. As in the past, newspapers and journals are used, and anarchists have gone online in the World Wide Web to spread their message. Anarchists have found it easier to create websit...

[ "Ġplanning", "Ġtheir", "Ġwork", "Ġand", "Ġattendance", ".", "ĠFer", "rer", "Ġaimed", "Ġto", "Ġeducate", "Ġthe", "Ġworking", "Ġclass", "Ġand", "Ġexplicitly", "Ġsought", "Ġto", "Ġfoster", "Ġclass", "Ġconsciousness", "Ġamong", "Ġstudents", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġschool", "Ġc...

6

planning their work and attendance. Ferrer aimed to educate the working class and explicitly sought to foster class consciousness among students. The school closed after constant harassment by the state and Ferrer was later arrested. Nonetheless, his ideas formed the inspiration for a series of modern schools around t...

[ "Ġa", "ĠOs", "ny", "Ġby", "Ġanarchist", "Ġpainter", "ĠCam", "ille", "ĠP", "iss", "arro", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġblending", "Ġof", "Ġaesthetic", "Ġand", "Ġsocial", "Ġharmony", "Ġis", "Ġpre", "fig", "uring", "Ġan", "Ġideal", "Ġanarch", "istic", "Ġag", "r", "arian", ...

7

a Osny by anarchist painter Camille Pissarro, the blending of aesthetic and social harmony is prefiguring an ideal anarchistic agrarian community. Analysis The most common critique of anarchism is that humans cannot self-govern and so a state is necessary for human survival. Philosopher Bertrand Russell supported th...

[ "Ġtheir", "Ġchild", "'s", "Ġlife", ".", "ĠThese", "Ġsigns", "Ġoften", "Ġdevelop", "Ġgradually", ",", "Ġthough", "Ġsome", "Ġautistic", "Ġchildren", "Ġexperience", "Ġregression", "Ġin", "Ġtheir", "Ġcommunication", "Ġand", "Ġsocial", "Ġskills", "Ġafter", "Ġreaching", "...

8

their child's life. These signs often develop gradually, though some autistic children experience regression in their communication and social skills after reaching developmental milestones at a normal pace. Autism is associated with a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors during pregnancy in...

[ "Ġgestures", ",", "Ġdiminished", "Ġresponsiveness", ",", "Ġand", "Ġvocal", "Ġpatterns", "Ġthat", "Ġare", "Ġnot", "Ġsynchronized", "Ġwith", "Ġthe", "Ġcareg", "iver", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġthe", "Ġsecond", "Ġand", "Ġthird", "Ġyears", ",", "Ġautistic", "Ġchildren", "Ġhave", ...

9

gestures, diminished responsiveness, and vocal patterns that are not synchronized with the caregiver. In the second and third years, autistic children have less frequent and less diverse babbling, consonants, words, and word combinations; their gestures are less often integrated with words. Autistic children are less ...

[ "Ġcore", "Ġaspects", "Ġhave", "Ġdistinct", "Ġcauses", "Ġthat", "Ġoften", "Ġco", "-", "occ", "ur", ".", "Ġ", "ĠAutism", "Ġhas", "Ġa", "Ġstrong", "Ġgenetic", "Ġbasis", ",", "Ġalthough", "Ġthe", "Ġgenetics", "Ġof", "Ġautism", "Ġare", "Ġcomplex", "Ġand", "Ġit", ...

10

core aspects have distinct causes that often co-occur. Autism has a strong genetic basis, although the genetics of autism are complex and it is unclear whether ASD is explained more by rare mutations with major effects, or by rare multigene interactions of common genetic variants. Complexity arises due to interaction...

[ "Ġand", "Ġlead", "Ġto", "Ġclinically", "Ġsignificant", "Ġfunctional", "Ġimpairment", ".", "ĠSample", "Ġsymptoms", "Ġinclude", "Ġlack", "Ġof", "Ġsocial", "Ġor", "Ġemotional", "Ġreciproc", "ity", ",", "Ġstereotyp", "ed", "Ġand", "Ġrepetitive", "Ġuse", "Ġof", "Ġlanguag...

11

and lead to clinically significant functional impairment. Sample symptoms include lack of social or emotional reciprocity, stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language, and persistent preoccupation with unusual objects. The disturbance must not be better accounted for by Rett syndrome, intellec...

[ "Ġneurolog", "y", "Ġand", "Ġped", "iatrics", ".", "ĠNew", "er", "Ġtechnologies", "Ġsuch", "Ġas", "Ġf", "MRI", "Ġand", "Ġdiffusion", "Ġtens", "or", "Ġimaging", "Ġcan", "Ġhelp", "Ġidentify", "Ġbiologically", "Ġrelevant", "Ġphen", "otypes", "Ġ(", "ob", "serv", "a...

12

neurology and pediatrics. Newer technologies such as fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging can help identify biologically relevant phenotypes (observable traits) that can be viewed on brain scans, to help further neurogenetic studies of autism; one example is lowered activity in the fusiform face area of the brain, which ...

[ ".", "ĠThe", "Ġquality", "Ġof", "Ġresearch", "Ġfor", "Ġearly", "Ġintensive", "Ġbehavioral", "Ġintervention", "Ġ(", "E", "I", "BI", ")âĢĶ", "a", "Ġtreatment", "Ġprocedure", "Ġincorporating", "Ġover", "Ġthirty", "Ġhours", "Ġper", "Ġweek", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġstructured...

13

. The quality of research for early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI)—a treatment procedure incorporating over thirty hours per week of the structured type of ABA that is carried out with very young children—is currently low, and more vigorous research designs with larger sample sizes are needed. Two theoretical...

[ "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠASD", "Ġsymptoms", ".", "ĠOther", "Ġproblems", "Ġdocumented", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġtrials", "Ġcarried", "Ġout", "Ġinclude", "Ġtransgress", "ions", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġdiet", ",", "Ġsmall", "Ġsample", "Ġsize", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġheterogeneity", "Ġof", "Ġthe...

14

of the ASD symptoms. Other problems documented in the trials carried out include transgressions of the diet, small sample size, the heterogeneity of the participants and the possibility of a placebo effect. In the subset of people who have gluten sensitivity there is limited evidence that suggests that a gluten-free d...

[ "Ġ25", "%", "Ġto", "Ġ70", "%,", "Ġa", "Ġwide", "Ġvariation", "Ġillustrating", "Ġthe", "Ġdifficulty", "Ġof", "Ġassessing", "Ġintelligence", "Ġof", "Ġindividuals", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "Ġautism", "Ġspectrum", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġcomparison", ",", "Ġfor", "ĠPD", "D", "-", "N...

15

25% to 70%, a wide variation illustrating the difficulty of assessing intelligence of individuals on the autism spectrum. In comparison, for PDD-NOS the association with intellectual disability is much weaker, and by definition, the diagnosis of Asperger's excludes intellectual disability. Anxiety disorders are commo...

[ "Ġdifficult", "Ġto", "Ġdeal", "Ġwith", ",", "Ġand", "Ġhas", "Ġgiven", "Ġthem", "Ġa", "Ġway", "Ġto", "Ġform", "Ġonline", "Ġcommunities", "Ġand", "Ġwork", "Ġremotely", ".", "ĠSoc", "ietal", "Ġand", "Ġcultural", "Ġaspects", "Ġof", "Ġautism", "Ġhave", "Ġdeveloped", ...

16

difficult to deal with, and has given them a way to form online communities and work remotely. Societal and cultural aspects of autism have developed: some in the community seek a cure, while others believe that autism is simply another way of being. Society and culture An autistic culture has emerged, accompanied b...

[ ".", "ĠThis", "Ġis", "Ġfar", "Ġhigher", "Ġthan", "Ġfor", "Ġthe", "Ġocean", "Ġprimarily", "Ġbecause", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġcontribution", "Ġof", "Ġclouds", ".", "Ġ", "ĠEarth", "'s", "Ġsurface", "Ġal", "bed", "o", "Ġis", "Ġregularly", "Ġestimated", "Ġvia", "ĠEarth",...

17

. This is far higher than for the ocean primarily because of the contribution of clouds. Earth's surface albedo is regularly estimated via Earth observation satellite sensors such as NASA's MODIS instruments on board the Terra and Aqua satellites, and the CERES instrument on the Suomi NPP and JPSS. As the amount of re...

[ "Ġdue", "Ġto", "Ġthe", "Ġchange", "Ġof", "Ġseasons", ",", "Ġeventually", "Ġwarm", "Ġair", "Ġmasses", "Ġand", "Ġa", "Ġmore", "Ġdirect", "Ġangle", "Ġof", "Ġsunlight", "Ġ(", "higher", "Ġins", "olation", ")", "Ġcause", "Ġmelting", ".", "ĠWhen", "Ġthe", "Ġmelted", ...

18

due to the change of seasons, eventually warm air masses and a more direct angle of sunlight (higher insolation) cause melting. When the melted area reveals surfaces with lower albedo, such as grass, soil, or ocean, the effect is reversed: the darkening surface lowers albedo, increasing local temperatures, which induc...

[ "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġcanopy", ".", "Ġ", "ĠStudies", "Ġby", "Ġthe", "ĠHad", "ley", "ĠCentre", "Ġhave", "Ġinvestigated", "Ġthe", "Ġrelative", "Ġ(", "gener", "ally", "Ġwarming", ")", "Ġeffect", "Ġof", "Ġal", "bed", "o", "Ġchange", "Ġand", "Ġ(", "cool", "ing", ")"...

19

in the canopy. Studies by the Hadley Centre have investigated the relative (generally warming) effect of albedo change and (cooling) effect of carbon sequestration on planting forests. They found that new forests in tropical and midlatitude areas tended to cool; new forests in high latitudes (e.g., Siberia) were neut...

[ "Ġknow", "Ġcomes", "Ġfrom", "Ġthe", "Ġstudy", "Ġof", "Ġtheir", "Ġal", "bed", "os", ".", "ĠFor", "Ġexample", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġabsolute", "Ġal", "bed", "o", "Ġcan", "Ġindicate", "Ġthe", "Ġsurface", "Ġice", "Ġcontent", "Ġof", "Ġouter", "ĠSolar", "ĠSystem", "Ġobje...

20

know comes from the study of their albedos. For example, the absolute albedo can indicate the surface ice content of outer Solar System objects, the variation of albedo with phase angle gives information about regolith properties, whereas unusually high radar albedo is indicative of high metal content in asteroids. E...

[ "os", "Ġ", "Ġreflect", "ivity", "Ġof", "Ġmetals", "Ġ(", "chart", ")", "Ġ", "ĠLand", "Ġsurface", "Ġeffects", "Ġon", "Ġclimate", "ĠClimate", "Ġchange", "Ġfeedback", "s", "ĠClimate", "Ġforcing", "ĠClim", "at", "ology", "ĠElect", "rom", "agnetic", "Ġradiation", "Ġ...

21

os reflectivity of metals (chart) Land surface effects on climate Climate change feedbacks Climate forcing Climatology Electromagnetic radiation Radiometry Scattering, absorption and radiative transfer (optics) Radiation 1760s neologisms <|endoftext|>A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel of the modern Engl...

[ "Ġwas", "Ġdropped", ",", "Ġresulting", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġmodern", "Ġhandwritten", "Ġform", ".", "ĠGraphic", "Ġdesigners", "Ġrefer", "Ġto", "Ġthe", "ĠItal", "ic", "Ġand", "ĠRoman", "Ġforms", "Ġas", "Ġ\"", "single", "Ġdeck", "er", "Ġa", "\"", "Ġand", "Ġ\"", "do...

22

was dropped, resulting in the modern handwritten form. Graphic designers refer to the Italic and Roman forms as "single decker a" and "double decker a" respectively. Italic type is commonly used to mark emphasis or more generally to distinguish one part of a text from the rest (set in Roman type). There are some othe...

[ "Ħ", "ĠÃ", "¤", "Ġ", "Ç", "ŀ", "Ġ", "Ç", "Ł", "ĠÃ", "Ģ", "ĠÃł", "Ġ", "È", "Ģ", "Ġ", "È", "ģ", "ĠÃ", "ģ", "ĠÃ", "¡", "ĠÄ", "Ģ", "Ġ", "Äģ", "ĠÄ", "Ģ", "Ì", "Ģ", "Ġ", "Äģ", "Ì", "Ģ", "Ġ", "Ãĥ", "ĠÃ", "£", "ĠÄ", "Ħ", "ĠÄ", "ħ", "ĠÄ", ...

23

� ä Ǟ ǟ À à Ȁ ȁ Á á Ā ā Ā̀ ā̀ Ã ã Ą ą Ą́ ą́ Ą̃ ą̃ A̲ a̲ ᶏ Phonetic alphabet symbols related to A (the International Phonetic Alphabet only uses lowercase, but uppercase forms are used in some other writing systems): Ɑ ɑ : Latin letter alpha / script A, which represents an open back unrounded vowel in the IPA ᶐ : Latin...

[ "ĠSel", "ma", "Ġto", "ĠMontgomery", "Ġmarch", "Ġmade", "Ġthe", "Ġstate", "Ġa", "Ġmajor", "Ġfocal", "Ġpoint", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġcivil", "Ġrights", "Ġmovement", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġ1950", "s", "Ġand", "Ġ1960", "s", ".", "ĠDuring", "Ġand", "Ġafter", "ĠWorld", "ĠWar...

24

Selma to Montgomery march made the state a major focal point of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. During and after World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy diversified with new industries. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville would help Alabama's economic growth in the mid-to-late...

[ "Ġfounded", "Ġthe", "Ġregion", "'s", "Ġfirst", "ĠEuropean", "Ġsettlement", "Ġat", "ĠOld", "ĠMobile", "Ġin", "Ġ17", "02", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġcity", "Ġwas", "Ġmoved", "Ġto", "Ġthe", "Ġcurrent", "Ġsite", "Ġof", "ĠMobile", "Ġin", "Ġ17", "11", ".", "ĠThis", "Ġarea", ...

25

founded the region's first European settlement at Old Mobile in 1702. The city was moved to the current site of Mobile in 1711. This area was claimed by the French from 1702 to 1763 as part of La Louisiane. After the French lost to the British in the Seven Years' War, it became part of British West Florida from 1763 ...

[ "ĠNathan", "ĠBedford", "ĠForrest", "'s", "Ġbattalion", "Ġin", "ĠHopkins", "ville", ",", "ĠKentucky", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġcompany", "Ġwore", "Ġnew", "Ġuniforms", "Ġwith", "Ġyellow", "Ġtrim", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "Ġsleeves", ",", "Ġcollar", "Ġand", "Ġco", "att", "ails", "....

26

Nathan Bedford Forrest's battalion in Hopkinsville, Kentucky. The company wore new uniforms with yellow trim on the sleeves, collar and coattails. This led to them being greeted with "Yellowhammer", and the name later was applied to all Alabama troops in the Confederate Army. Alabama's slaves were freed by the 13th A...

[ "Ġbasis", "Ġof", "Ġits", "Ġeconomy", ".", "ĠIts", "Ġresidents", "Ġwere", "Ġunder", "-", "represented", "Ġfor", "Ġdecades", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġstate", "Ġlegislature", ",", "Ġwhich", "Ġrefused", "Ġto", "Ġredist", "rict", "Ġafter", "Ġeach", "Ġdec", "ennial", "Ġcensus...

27

basis of its economy. Its residents were under-represented for decades in the state legislature, which refused to redistrict after each decennial census according to population changes, as it was required by the state constitution. This did not change until the late 1960s following a lawsuit and court order. Industri...

[ "Ġl", "agged", "Ġbehind", "Ġother", "Ġstates", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġarea", ",", "Ġsuch", "Ġas", "ĠGeorgia", "Ġand", "ĠFlorida", ".", "Ġ", "Ġ21", "st", "Ġcentury", "Ġ", "ĠIn", "Ġ2001", ",", "ĠAlabama", "ĠSupreme", "ĠCourt", "Ġchief", "Ġjustice", "ĠRoy", "ĠMoore",...

28

lagged behind other states in the area, such as Georgia and Florida. 21st century In 2001, Alabama Supreme Court chief justice Roy Moore installed a statue of the Ten Commandments in the capitol in Montgomery. In 2002, the 11th US Circuit Court ordered the statue removed, but Moore refused to follow the court order,...

[ "Ġaverage", "Ġof", "Ġ", "Ġof", "Ġrainfall", "Ġannually", "Ġand", "Ġenjoys", "Ġa", "Ġlengthy", "Ġgrowing", "Ġseason", "Ġof", "Ġup", "Ġto", "Ġ300", "Ġdays", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġsouthern", "Ġpart", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġstate", ".", "Ġ", "ĠSummers", "Ġin", "ĠAlabama", ...

29

average of of rainfall annually and enjoys a lengthy growing season of up to 300 days in the southern part of the state. Summers in Alabama are among the hottest in the U.S., with high temperatures averaging over throughout the summer in some parts of the state. Alabama is also prone to tropical storms and hurrican...

[ "ĠAlabama", "Ġare", "Ġof", "Ġoverwhelmingly", "ĠEnglish", "Ġextraction", ",", "Ġhowever", "Ġmost", "ĠEnglish", "ĠAmericans", "Ġidentify", "Ġsimply", "Ġas", "Ġhaving", "ĠAmerican", "Ġancestry", "Ġbecause", "Ġtheir", "Ġroots", "Ġhave", "Ġbeen", "Ġin", "ĠNorth", "ĠAmeric...

30

Alabama are of overwhelmingly English extraction, however most English Americans identify simply as having American ancestry because their roots have been in North America for so long, in many cases since the early sixteen hundreds. Demographers estimate that a minimum of 20–23% of people in Alabama are of predominan...

[ "ĠAssociate", "ĠRe", "formed", "ĠPresbyter", "ians", "Ġwith", "Ġ230", "Ġmembers", "Ġand", "Ġnine", "Ġcongreg", "ations", ").", "Ġ", "ĠIn", "Ġa", "Ġ2007", "Ġsurvey", ",", "Ġnearly", "Ġ70", "%", "Ġof", "Ġrespondents", "Ġcould", "Ġname", "Ġall", "Ġfour", "Ġof", ...

31

Associate Reformed Presbyterians with 230 members and nine congregations). In a 2007 survey, nearly 70% of respondents could name all four of the Christian Gospels. Of those who indicated a religious preference, 59% said they possessed a "full understanding" of their faith and needed no further learning. In a 2007 po...

[ "Ġextraction", ";", "Ġ106", ",", "280", "Ġin", "Ġinstallation", ",", "Ġmaintenance", ",", "Ġand", "Ġrepair", ";", "Ġ224", ",", "110", "Ġin", "Ġproduction", ";", "Ġand", "Ġ167", ",", "160", "Ġin", "Ġtransportation", "Ġand", "Ġmaterial", "Ġmoving", ".", "Ġ", ...

32

extraction; 106,280 in installation, maintenance, and repair; 224,110 in production; and 167,160 in transportation and material moving. According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, the 2008 total gross state product was $170billion, or $29,411 per capita. Alabama's 2012 GDP increased 1.2% from the previous year...

[ "Ġrefinery", "Ġthere", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġcompany", "Ġalso", "Ġoperates", "Ġterminals", "Ġin", "ĠMobile", ",", "ĠMelvin", ",", "Ġand", "ĠM", "ound", "ville", ".", "ĠJ", "VC", "ĠAmerica", ",", "ĠInc", ".", "Ġoperates", "Ġan", "Ġoptical", "Ġdisc", "Ġreplication", ...

33

refinery there. The company also operates terminals in Mobile, Melvin, and Moundville. JVC America, Inc. operates an optical disc replication and packaging plant in Tuscaloosa. The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company operates a large plant in Gadsden which employs about 1,400 people. It has been in operation since 1929....

[ "Ġcentralized", "Ġpower", "Ġwith", "Ġthe", "Ġstate", "Ġlegislature", ",", "Ġleaving", "Ġpractically", "Ġno", "Ġpower", "Ġin", "Ġlocal", "Ġhands", ".", "ĠMost", "Ġcounties", "Ġdo", "Ġnot", "Ġhave", "Ġhome", "Ġrule", ".", "ĠAny", "Ġpolicy", "Ġchanges", "Ġproposed", ...

34

centralized power with the state legislature, leaving practically no power in local hands. Most counties do not have home rule. Any policy changes proposed in different areas of the state must be approved by the entire Alabama legislature and, frequently, by state referendum. One criticism of the current constitution ...

[ "-", "b", "urd", "ened", "Ġstate", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġcountry", ".", "Ġ", "ĠProperty", "Ġtaxes", "Ġof", "Ġ.", "40", "%", "Ġof", "Ġassessed", "Ġvalue", "Ġper", "Ġyear", ",", "Ġare", "Ġthe", "Ġsecond", "-", "low", "est", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠU", ".", "S", "....

35

-burdened state in the country. Property taxes of .40% of assessed value per year, are the second-lowest in the U.S., after Hawaii. The current state constitution requires a voter referendum to raise property taxes. County and local governments Alabama has 67 counties. Each county has its own elected legislative bra...

[ "is", "ement", "Ġof", "ĠBlacks", "Ġin", "Ġ1901", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġstate", "Ġbecame", "Ġpart", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġ\"", "Solid", "ĠSouth", "\",", "Ġa", "Ġsystem", "Ġin", "Ġwhich", "Ġthe", "ĠDemocratic", "ĠParty", "Ġoperated", "Ġas", "Ġeffectively", "Ġthe", "Ġonly", ...

36

isement of Blacks in 1901, the state became part of the "Solid South", a system in which the Democratic Party operated as effectively the only viable political party in every Southern state. For nearly a hundred years local and state elections in Alabama were decided in the Democratic Party primary, with generally only...

[ "ĠAlabama", "'s", "Ġprograms", "Ġof", "Ġhigher", "Ġeducation", "Ġinclude", "Ġ14", "Ġfour", "-", "year", "Ġpublic", "Ġuniversities", ",", "Ġtwo", "-", "year", "Ġcommunity", "Ġcolleges", ",", "Ġand", "Ġ17", "Ġprivate", ",", "Ġundergraduate", "Ġand", "Ġgraduate", "...

37

Alabama's programs of higher education include 14 four-year public universities, two-year community colleges, and 17 private, undergraduate and graduate universities. In the state are four medical schools (as of fall 2015) (University of Alabama School of Medicine, University of South Alabama and Alabama College of Os...

[ "PG", "A", "ĠTour", "),", "Ġthe", "ĠMobile", "ĠL", "PG", "A", "ĠTournament", "Ġof", "ĠChampions", ",", "ĠAirbus", "ĠL", "PG", "A", "ĠClassic", ",", "Ġand", "ĠYok", "oh", "ama", "ĠTire", "ĠL", "PG", "A", "ĠClassic", "Ġ(", "L", "PG", "A", "ĠTour", "),"...

38

PGA Tour), the Mobile LPGA Tournament of Champions, Airbus LPGA Classic, and Yokohama Tire LPGA Classic (LPGA Tour), and The Tradition (Champions Tour). College sports College football is extremely popular in Alabama, particularly the University of Alabama Crimson Tide and Auburn University Tigers, rivals in the South...

[ "ĠMoh", "l", ",", "ĠRaymond", "ĠA", ".", "Ġ\"", "Latin", "ization", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠHeart", "Ġof", "ĠD", "ixie", ":", "ĠHispanics", "Ġin", "ĠLate", "-", "tw", "ent", "ieth", "-", "century", "ĠAlabama", "\"", "ĠAlabama", "ĠReview", "Ġ(", "2002", ",", "...

39

Mohl, Raymond A. "Latinization in the Heart of Dixie: Hispanics in Late-twentieth-century Alabama" Alabama Review (2002, 55(4): 243–274). Peirce, Neal R. The Deep South States of America: People, Politics, and Power in the Seven Deep South States (1974). Williams, Benjamin Buford. A Literary History of Alabama: The...

[ "Ê", "°", "-", "Ġ\"", "to", "Ġbe", "Ġupset", ",", "Ġafraid", "\".", "ĠThe", "Ġwhole", "Ġexpression", "Ġwould", "Ġbe", "Ġcomparable", "Ġto", "Ġthe", "ĠLatin", "Ġac", "up", "ed", "ius", "Ġ\"", "sw", "ift", "Ġof", "Ġfoot", "\".", "ĠCompare", "Ġalso", "Ġthe"...

40

ʰ- "to be upset, afraid". The whole expression would be comparable to the Latin acupedius "swift of foot". Compare also the Latin word family of aciēs "sharp edge or point, battle line, battle, engagement", acus "needle, pin, bodkin", and acuō "to make pointed, sharpen, whet; to exercise; to arouse" (whence acute). Som...

[ "Ġplace", "Ġthe", "Ġchildren", "Ġshe", "Ġhad", "Ġby", "ĠPe", "le", "us", ".", "ĠWhen", "Ġshe", "Ġhad", "ĠAchilles", ",", "ĠPe", "le", "us", "Ġnoticed", ",", "Ġtore", "Ġhim", "Ġfrom", "Ġthe", "Ġflames", "Ġwith", "Ġonly", "Ġa", "Ġburnt", "Ġfoot", ",", "Ġan...

41

place the children she had by Peleus. When she had Achilles, Peleus noticed, tore him from the flames with only a burnt foot, and confided him to the centaur Chiron. Later Chiron exhumed the body of the Damysus, who was the fastest of all the giants, removed the ankle, and incorporated it into Achilles' burnt foot. O...

[ "Ġas", "Ġin", "Ġolder", "Ġaccounts", ",", "ĠTro", "ilus", "Ġwas", "Ġa", "Ġyoung", "ĠTrojan", "Ġprince", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġyoungest", "Ġof", "ĠKing", "ĠPri", "am", "'s", "Ġand", "ĠHe", "c", "uba", "'s", "Ġfive", "Ġlegitimate", "Ġsons", "Ġ(", "or", "Ġaccording"...

42

as in older accounts, Troilus was a young Trojan prince, the youngest of King Priam's and Hecuba's five legitimate sons (or according other sources, another son of Apollo). Despite his youth, he was one of the main Trojan war leaders, a "horse fighter" or "chariot fighter" according to Homer. Prophecies linked Troilus...

[ "Ġitself", "Ġbefore", "Ġthe", "Ġtime", "Ġallotted", "Ġfor", "Ġits", "Ġdestruction", ",", "Ġseeming", "Ġto", "Ġshow", "Ġthat", "Ġthe", "Ġunh", "ind", "ered", "Ġrage", "Ġof", "ĠAchilles", "Ġcan", "Ġdefy", "Ġfate", "Ġitself", ".", "ĠFinally", ",", "ĠAchilles", "Ġ...

43

itself before the time allotted for its destruction, seeming to show that the unhindered rage of Achilles can defy fate itself. Finally, Achilles finds his prey. Achilles chases Hector around the wall of Troy three times before Athena, in the form of Hector's favorite and dearest brother, Deiphobus, persuades Hector t...

[ "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġdeath", "Ġof", "ĠAchilles", ",", "Ġeven", "Ġif", "Ġconsidered", "Ġsolely", "Ġas", "Ġit", "Ġoccurred", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġoldest", "Ġsources", ",", "Ġis", "Ġa", "Ġcomplex", "Ġone", ",", "Ġwith", "Ġmany", "Ġdifferent", "Ġversions", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġt...

44

The death of Achilles, even if considered solely as it occurred in the oldest sources, is a complex one, with many different versions. In the oldest version, the Iliad, and as predicted by Hector with his dying breath, the hero's death was brought about by Paris with an arrow (to the heel according to Statius). In so...

[ "ac", "alla", ".", "ĠAchilles", "'", "Ġcult", "Ġwas", "Ġalso", "Ġto", "Ġbe", "Ġfound", "Ġat", "Ġother", "Ġplaces", ",", "Ġe", ".", "Ġg", ".", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "Ġisland", "Ġof", "ĠAst", "yp", "al", "aea", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠSp", "or", "ades", ",", "Ġin", ...

45

acalla. Achilles' cult was also to be found at other places, e. g. on the island of Astypalaea in the Sporades, in Sparta which had a sanctuary, in Elis and in Achilles' homeland Thessaly, as well as in the Magna Graecia cities of Tarentum, Locri and Croton, accounting for an almost Panhellenic cult to the hero. The c...

[ "Ġson", "Ġfrom", "Ġthe", "Ġfuneral", "Ġpy", "re", "Ġand", "Ġremoved", "Ġhim", "Ġto", "Ġa", "Ġmythical", "Ġ", "Ġ(", "Le", "Ãº", "k", "Äĵ", "ĠN", "Ãª", "s", "os", "Ġ\"", "White", "ĠIsland", "\").", "ĠAlready", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġfifth", "Ġcentury", "ĠBC", ...

46

son from the funeral pyre and removed him to a mythical (Leúkē Nêsos "White Island"). Already in the fifth century BC, Pindar had mentioned a cult of Achilles on a "bright island" (φαεννά νᾶσος, phaenná nâsos) of the Black Sea, while in another of his works, Pindar would retell the story of the immortalized Achilles ...

[ "Ġthis", "Ġis", "Ġincorrect", "Ġbecause", "ĠAchilles", ",", "Ġbeing", "Ġthe", "Ġyounger", "Ġand", "Ġmore", "Ġbeautiful", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġtwo", ",", "Ġwas", "Ġthe", "Ġbeloved", ",", "Ġwho", "Ġloved", "Ġhis", "Ġlover", "Ġso", "Ġmuch", "Ġthat", "Ġhe", "Ġchose", ...

47

this is incorrect because Achilles, being the younger and more beautiful of the two, was the beloved, who loved his lover so much that he chose to die to avenge him. The tragedian Sophocles also wrote The Lovers of Achilles, a play with Achilles as the main character. Only a few fragments survive. Towards the end of...

[ "ĠTroy", "Ġseries", "Ġof", "Ġbooks", "Ġ(", "2005", "âĢĵ", "2007", ").", "Ġ", "ĠAchilles", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġmain", "Ġcharacter", "Ġin", "ĠDavid", "ĠMal", "ouf", "'s", "Ġnovel", "ĠR", "ansom", "Ġ(", "2009", ").", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġghost", "Ġof", "ĠAchilles", ...

48

Troy series of books (2005–2007). Achilles is the main character in David Malouf's novel Ransom (2009). The ghost of Achilles appears in Rick Riordan's The Last Olympian (2009). He warns Percy Jackson about the Curse of Achilles and its side effects. Achilles is a main character in Terence Hawkins' 2009 novel The R...

[ "Ġon", "Ġthe", "Ġ2017", "ĠGang", "Ġof", "ĠYou", "ths", "Ġalbum", "ĠGo", "ĠF", "art", "her", "Ġin", "ĠLight", "ness", ".", "Ġ", "ĠFilm", "Ġand", "Ġtelevision", "ĠIn", "Ġfilms", "ĠAchilles", "Ġhas", "Ġbeen", "Ġportrayed", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġfollowing", "Ġfilms",...

49

on the 2017 Gang of Youths album Go Farther in Lightness. Film and television In films Achilles has been portrayed in the following films and television series: The 1924 film Helena by Carlo Aldini The 1954 film Ulysses by Piero Lulli The 1956 film Helen of Troy by Stanley Baker The 1961 film The Trojan Horse by ...

[ "ishing", "Ġslavery", ",", "Ġbolst", "ering", "Ġthe", "Ġfederal", "Ġgovernment", ",", "Ġand", "Ġmodern", "izing", "Ġthe", "ĠU", ".", "S", ".", "Ġeconomy", ".", "Ġ", "ĠLincoln", "Ġwas", "Ġborn", "Ġinto", "Ġpoverty", "Ġin", "Ġa", "Ġlog", "Ġcabin", "Ġin", "ĠK...

50

ishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy. Lincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin in Kentucky and was raised on the frontier primarily in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. Congressman from Illinois. ...

[ ",", "ĠNancy", "ĠLincoln", "Ġsuccumbed", "Ġto", "Ġmilk", "Ġsickness", ",", "Ġleaving", "Ġ11", "-", "year", "-", "old", "ĠSarah", "Ġin", "Ġcharge", "Ġof", "Ġa", "Ġhousehold", "Ġincluding", "Ġher", "Ġfather", ",", "Ġ9", "-", "year", "-", "old", "ĠAbraham", "...

51

, Nancy Lincoln succumbed to milk sickness, leaving 11-year-old Sarah in charge of a household including her father, 9-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's 19-year-old orphan cousin, Dennis Hanks. Ten years later, on January 20, 1828, Sarah died while giving birth to a stillborn son, devastating Lincoln. On December 2, 1819,...

[ ",", "Ġ18", "53", ",", "Ġand", "Ġsurvived", "Ġhis", "Ġfather", "Ġbut", "Ġdied", "Ġof", "Ġheart", "Ġfailure", "Ġat", "Ġage", "Ġ18", "Ġon", "ĠJuly", "Ġ16", ",", "Ġ18", "71", ".", "ĠLincoln", "Ġ\"", "was", "Ġremarkably", "Ġfond", "Ġof", "Ġchildren", "\"", "...

52

, 1853, and survived his father but died of heart failure at age 18 on July 16, 1871. Lincoln "was remarkably fond of children" and the Lincolns were not considered to be strict with their own. In fact, Lincoln's law partner William H. Herndon would grow irritated when Lincoln would bring his children to the law office...

[ ",", "Ġthat", "Ġrises", "Ġin", "Ġshowers", "Ġof", "Ġblood", "\".", "ĠHe", "Ġsupported", "Ġthe", "ĠWil", "mot", "ĠPro", "vis", "o", ",", "Ġa", "Ġfailed", "Ġproposal", "Ġto", "Ġban", "Ġslavery", "Ġin", "Ġany", "ĠU", ".", "S", ".", "Ġterritory", "Ġwon", "Ġf...

53

, that rises in showers of blood". He supported the Wilmot Proviso, a failed proposal to ban slavery in any U.S. territory won from Mexico. Lincoln emphasized his opposition to Polk by drafting and introducing his Spot Resolutions. The war had begun with a Mexican slaughter of American soldiers in territory disputed b...

[ "Ġit", "Ġbecause", "Ġit", "Ġdepri", "ves", "Ġour", "Ġrepublican", "Ġexample", "Ġof", "Ġits", "Ġjust", "Ġinfluence", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġworld", "Âł", "...\"", "ĠLincoln", "'s", "Ġattacks", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "ĠKansas", "âĢĵ", "Ne", "braska", "ĠAct", "Ġmarked", "Ġhis"...

54

it because it deprives our republican example of its just influence in the world ..." Lincoln's attacks on the Kansas–Nebraska Act marked his return to political life. Nationally, the Whigs were irreparably split by the Kansas–Nebraska Act and other efforts to compromise on the slavery issue. Reflecting on the demise...

[ "Ġnomination", ",", "ĠDouglas", "Ġstated", ",", "Ġ\"[", "L", "incoln", "]", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġstrong", "Ġman", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġparty", "Âł", "...", "Ġand", "Ġif", "ĠI", "Ġbeat", "Ġhim", ",", "Ġmy", "Ġvictory", "Ġwill", "Ġbe", "Ġhardly", "Ġwon", ".\"", "Ġ...

55

nomination, Douglas stated, "[Lincoln] is the strong man of the party ... and if I beat him, my victory will be hardly won." The Senate campaign featured seven debates between Lincoln and Douglas. These were the most famous political debates in American history; they had an atmosphere akin to a prizefight and drew cr...

[ "Ġwas", "Ġthe", "Ġagg", "rieved", "Ġparty", ".", "ĠThroughout", "Ġthe", "Ġ1850", "s", ",", "ĠLincoln", "Ġhad", "Ġdoubted", "Ġthe", "Ġprospects", "Ġof", "Ġcivil", "Ġwar", ",", "Ġand", "Ġhis", "Ġsupporters", "Ġrejected", "Ġclaims", "Ġthat", "Ġhis", "Ġelection", ...

56

was the aggrieved party. Throughout the 1850s, Lincoln had doubted the prospects of civil war, and his supporters rejected claims that his election would incite secession. When Douglas was selected as the candidate of the Northern Democrats, delegates from eleven slave states walked out of the Democratic convention; t...

[ ",", "Ġbut", "Ġfriends", ".", "ĠWe", "Ġmust", "Ġnot", "Ġbe", "Ġenemies", "Âł", "...", "ĠThe", "Ġmystic", "Ġchords", "Ġof", "Ġmemory", ",", "Ġstretching", "Ġfrom", "Ġevery", "Ġbattlefield", ",", "Ġand", "Ġpatriot", "Ġgrave", ",", "Ġto", "Ġevery", "Ġliving", "...

57

, but friends. We must not be enemies ... The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield, and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature." The failu...

[ "Ġcomb", "ative", "ĠSecretary", "Ġof", "ĠState", "ĠWilliam", "ĠSew", "ard", "Ġwhile", "Ġworking", "Ġclosely", "Ġwith", "ĠSenate", "ĠForeign", "ĠRelations", "ĠCommittee", "Ġchairman", "ĠCharles", "ĠSum", "ner", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġthe", "Ġ1861", "ĠTrent", "ĠAff", "air", ...

58

combative Secretary of State William Seward while working closely with Senate Foreign Relations Committee chairman Charles Sumner. In the 1861 Trent Affair which threatened war with Great Britain, the U.S. Navy illegally intercepted a British mail ship, the Trent, on the high seas and seized two Confederate envoys; Br...

[ "burg", "Ġand", "Ġgained", "Ġcontrol", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠMississippi", "ĠRiver", ",", "Ġsplitting", "Ġthe", "Ġfar", "Ġwestern", "Ġrebel", "Ġstates", ".", "Ġ", "ĠE", "man", "c", "ipation", "ĠPro", "clamation", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "ĠFederal", "Ġgovernment", "'s", "Ġpowe...

59

burg and gained control of the Mississippi River, splitting the far western rebel states. Emancipation Proclamation The Federal government's power to end slavery was limited by the Constitution, which before 1865 delegated the issue to the individual states. Lincoln argued that slavery would be rendered obsolete if i...

[ "Ġif", "Ġit", "Ġtakes", "Ġall", "Ġsummer", ".\"", "ĠGrant", "'s", "Ġarmy", "Ġmoved", "Ġsteadily", "Ġsouth", ".", "ĠLincoln", "Ġtraveled", "Ġto", "ĠGrant", "'s", "Ġheadquarters", "Ġat", "ĠCity", "ĠPoint", ",", "ĠVirginia", ",", "Ġto", "Ġconfer", "Ġwith", "ĠGran...

60

if it takes all summer." Grant's army moved steadily south. Lincoln traveled to Grant's headquarters at City Point, Virginia, to confer with Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman. Lincoln reacted to Union losses by mobilizing support throughout the North. Lincoln authorized Grant to target infrastructure—plantations, rai...

[ "aney", "'s", "Ġseat", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "ĠSupreme", "ĠCourt", ",", "Ġhe", "Ġnamed", "Ġthe", "ĠRad", "icals", "'", "Ġchoice", ",", "ĠSalmon", "ĠP", ".", "ĠChase", ",", "Ġwho", "ĠLincoln", "Ġbelieved", "Ġwould", "Ġuphold", "Ġhis", "Ġemancipation", "Ġand", "Ġpape...

61

aney's seat on the Supreme Court, he named the Radicals' choice, Salmon P. Chase, who Lincoln believed would uphold his emancipation and paper money policies. After implementing the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln increased pressure on Congress to outlaw slavery throughout the nation with a constitutional amendment...

[ "Ġpolicy", "Ġwith", "Ġlong", "Ġprecedent", "),", "Ġand", "Ġa", "ĠFederal", "Ġincome", "Ġtax", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġ1861", ",", "ĠLincoln", "Ġsigned", "Ġthe", "Ġsecond", "Ġand", "Ġthird", "ĠMor", "rill", "ĠTar", "iffs", ",", "Ġfollowing", "Ġthe", "Ġfirst", "Ġenacted",...

62

policy with long precedent), and a Federal income tax. In 1861, Lincoln signed the second and third Morrill Tariffs, following the first enacted by Buchanan. He also signed the Revenue Act of 1861, creating the first U.S. income tax—a flat tax of 3 percent on incomes above $800 ($ in current dollar terms). The Revenue...

[ "Ġfrom", "ĠWashington", "ĠD", ".", "C", ".", "Ġto", "ĠSpringfield", ",", "ĠIllinois", ",", "Ġstopping", "Ġat", "Ġmany", "Ġcities", "Ġfor", "Ġmemorial", "s", "Ġattended", "Ġby", "Ġhundreds", "Ġof", "Ġthousands", ".", "ĠMany", "Ġothers", "Ġgathered", "Ġalong", "...

63

from Washington D.C. to Springfield, Illinois, stopping at many cities for memorials attended by hundreds of thousands. Many others gathered along the tracks as the train passed with bands, bonfires, and hymn singing or in silent grief. Poet Walt Whitman composed "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd" to eulogize ...

[ "Ġfounded", "Ġon", "Ġa", "Ġlegal", "Ġargument", "Ġregarding", "Ġthe", "ĠConstitution", "Ġas", "Ġessentially", "Ġa", "Ġcontract", "Ġamong", "Ġthe", "Ġstates", ",", "Ġand", "Ġall", "Ġparties", "Ġmust", "Ġagree", "Ġto", "Ġpull", "Ġout", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġcontract", ...

64

founded on a legal argument regarding the Constitution as essentially a contract among the states, and all parties must agree to pull out of the contract. Furthermore, it was a national duty to ensure the republic stands in every state. Many soldiers and religious leaders from the north, though, felt the fight for lib...

[ "orted", "Ġthat", "Ġhe", "Ġwas", "Ġnot", "Ġas", "Ġbad", "Ġas", "Ġmost", "Ġpoliticians", "Ġof", "Ġhis", "Ġday", ";", "Ġand", "Ġthat", "Ġhe", "Ġwas", "Ġa", "Ġ\"", "moral", "Ġvisionary", "\"", "Ġwho", "Ġdeft", "ly", "Ġadvanced", "Ġthe", "Ġabolition", "ist", "...

65

orted that he was not as bad as most politicians of his day; and that he was a "moral visionary" who deftly advanced the abolitionist cause, as fast as politically possible. The emphasis shifted away from Lincoln the emancipator to an argument that blacks had freed themselves from slavery, or at least were responsible ...

[ "Ġpresidential", "Ġelection", "ĠCand", "idates", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġ18", "64", "ĠUnited", "ĠStates", "Ġpresidential", "Ġelection", "ĠHall", "Ġof", "ĠFame", "Ġfor", "ĠGreat", "ĠAmericans", "Ġinduct", "ees", "ĠIllinois", "ĠCentral", "ĠRailroad", "Ġpeople", "ĠIllinois", ...

66

presidential election Candidates in the 1864 United States presidential election Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees Illinois Central Railroad people Illinois Republicans Illinois Whigs Illinois lawyers Abraham Male murder victims Members of the Illinois House of Representatives Members of the United States Hou...

[ "Ġmoved", "Ġto", "ĠAthens", "Ġto", "Ġcontinue", "Ġhis", "Ġeducation", "Ġat", "ĠPlato", "'s", "ĠAcademy", ".", "ĠHe", "Ġprobably", "Ġexperienced", "Ġthe", "ĠEle", "us", "inian", "ĠMysteries", "Ġas", "Ġhe", "Ġwrote", "Ġwhen", "Ġdescribing", "Ġthe", "Ġsights", "Ġon...

67

moved to Athens to continue his education at Plato's Academy. He probably experienced the Eleusinian Mysteries as he wrote when describing the sights one viewed at the Eleusinian Mysteries, "to experience is to learn" [παθείν μαθεĩν]. Aristotle remained in Athens for nearly twenty years before leaving in 348/47 BC. Th...

[ "Ġthey", "Ġare", "Ġcomposed", ")", "Ġis", "Ġnot", "Ġcertain", ",", "Ġbut", "Ġthis", "Ġlist", "Ġwas", "Ġderived", "Ġfrom", "Ġanalysis", "Ġof", "ĠAristotle", "'s", "Ġwritings", ".", "ĠIt", "Ġgoes", "Ġfrom", "Ġthe", "Ġbasics", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġanalysis", "Ġof", "...

68

they are composed) is not certain, but this list was derived from analysis of Aristotle's writings. It goes from the basics, the analysis of simple terms in the Categories, the analysis of propositions and their elementary relations in On Interpretation, to the study of more complex forms, namely, syllogisms (in the A...

[ "ĠAct", "uality", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġfulfil", "ment", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġend", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġpotential", "ity", ".", "ĠBecause", "Ġthe", "Ġend", "Ġ(", "tel", "os", ")", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġprinciple", "Ġof", "Ġevery", "Ġchange", ",", "Ġand", "Ġfor", "Ġthe", ...

69

Actuality is the fulfilment of the end of the potentiality. Because the end (telos) is the principle of every change, and for the sake of the end exists potentiality, therefore actuality is the end. Referring then to the previous example, it can be said that an actuality is when a plant does one of the activities that...

[ "'s", "Ġclaim", "Ġthat", "Ġa", "Ġheavier", "Ġobject", "Ġfalls", "Ġfaster", "Ġthan", "Ġa", "Ġlighter", "Ġobject", "Ġis", "Ġincorrect", ".", "ĠA", "Ġcontrary", "Ġopinion", "Ġis", "Ġgiven", "Ġby", "ĠCarlo", "ĠRove", "lli", ",", "Ġwho", "Ġargues", "Ġthat", "ĠArist...

70

's claim that a heavier object falls faster than a lighter object is incorrect. A contrary opinion is given by Carlo Rovelli, who argues that Aristotle's physics of motion is correct within its domain of validity, that of objects in the Earth's gravitational field immersed in a fluid such as air. In this system, heavy ...

[ "rolog", "ic", "Ġcycle", "Ġand", "Ġmeteor", "ology", "Ġ(", "including", "Ġhis", "Ġmajor", "Ġwritings", "Ġ\"", "Met", "eor", "olog", "ica", "\").", "ĠFor", "Ġexample", ",", "Ġhe", "Ġmade", "Ġsome", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġearliest", "Ġobservations", "Ġabout", "Ġdes", ...

71

rologic cycle and meteorology (including his major writings "Meteorologica"). For example, he made some of the earliest observations about desalination: he observed early – and correctly – that when seawater is heated, freshwater evaporates and that the oceans are then replenished by the cycle of rainfall and river run...

[ "Ġbelow", "Ġthem", "Ġthe", "Ġcolder", "Ġinver", "te", "brates", "Ġas", "Ġ\"", "anim", "als", "Ġwithout", "Ġblood", "\".", "ĠThose", "Ġwith", "Ġblood", "Ġwere", "Ġdivided", "Ġinto", "Ġthe", "Ġlive", "-", "bearing", "Ġ(", "m", "amm", "als", "),", "Ġand", "Ġt...

72

below them the colder invertebrates as "animals without blood". Those with blood were divided into the live-bearing (mammals), and the egg-laying (birds, reptiles, fish). Those without blood were insects, crustacea (non-shelled – cephalopods, and shelled) and the hard-shelled molluscs (bivalves and gastropods). He rec...

[ "Ġduring", "Ġsleep", "Ġthey", "Ġcannot", "Ġhave", "Ġdesire", ",", "Ġwhich", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġresult", "Ġof", "Ġsensation", ".", "ĠHowever", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġsenses", "Ġare", "Ġable", "Ġto", "Ġwork", "Ġduring", "Ġsleep", ",", "Ġalbeit", "Ġdifferently", ",", "Ġunl...

73

during sleep they cannot have desire, which is the result of sensation. However, the senses are able to work during sleep, albeit differently, unless they are weary. Dreams do not involve actually sensing a stimulus. In dreams, sensation is still involved, but in an altered manner. Aristotle explains that when a pers...

[ "ĠAristotle", "'s", "Ġconception", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġcity", "Ġis", "Ġorganic", ",", "Ġand", "Ġhe", "Ġis", "Ġconsidered", "Ġone", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġfirst", "Ġto", "Ġconceive", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġcity", "Ġin", "Ġthis", "Ġmanner", ".", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġcommon", "Ġmod...

74

Aristotle's conception of the city is organic, and he is considered one of the first to conceive of the city in this manner. The common modern understanding of a political community as a modern state is quite different from Aristotle's understanding. Although he was aware of the existence and potential of larger empi...

[ "Ġof", "Ġrhythm", "Ġand", "Ġharmony", ",", "Ġwhereas", "Ġdance", "Ġim", "itates", "Ġwith", "Ġrhythm", "Ġalone", ",", "Ġand", "Ġpoetry", "Ġwith", "Ġlanguage", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġforms", "Ġalso", "Ġdiffer", "Ġin", "Ġtheir", "Ġobject", "Ġof", "Ġimitation", ".", "ĠCom...

75

of rhythm and harmony, whereas dance imitates with rhythm alone, and poetry with language. The forms also differ in their object of imitation. Comedy, for instance, is a dramatic imitation of men worse than average; whereas tragedy imitates men slightly better than average. Lastly, the forms differ in their manner of ...

[ "Ġdistinguished", "Ġbetween", "Ġveins", "Ġand", "Ġarteries", ",", "Ġnoting", "Ġthat", "Ġthe", "Ġlatter", "Ġpulse", "Ġwhile", "Ġthe", "Ġformer", "Ġdo", "Ġnot", ".", "ĠThough", "Ġa", "Ġfew", "Ġancient", "Ġatom", "ists", "Ġsuch", "Ġas", "ĠLuc", "ret", "ius", "Ġch...

76

distinguished between veins and arteries, noting that the latter pulse while the former do not. Though a few ancient atomists such as Lucretius challenged the teleological viewpoint of Aristotelian ideas about life, teleology (and after the rise of Christianity, natural theology) would remain central to biological tho...

[ "Ġupon", "Ġwhom", "Ġthe", "Ġdivine", "Ġeman", "ation", "Ġhas", "Ġflowed", "Ġforth", "Ġto", "Ġsuch", "Ġan", "Ġextent", "Ġthat", "Ġthey", "Ġreach", "Ġthe", "Ġlevel", "Ġof", "Ġprophecy", ",", "Ġthere", "Ġbeing", "Ġno", "Ġlevel", "Ġhigher", "\".", "Ġ", "ĠOn", "Ġ...

77

upon whom the divine emanation has flowed forth to such an extent that they reach the level of prophecy, there being no level higher". On Early Modern scientists In the Early Modern period, scientists such as William Harvey in England and Galileo Galilei in Italy reacted against the theories of Aristotle and other c...

[ "ogen", "y", ".", "Ġ", "ĠSurv", "iving", "Ġworks", "Ġ", "ĠCorpus", "ĠArist", "ot", "el", "icum", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġworks", "Ġof", "ĠAristotle", "Ġthat", "Ġhave", "Ġsurvived", "Ġfrom", "Ġantiquity", "Ġthrough", "Ġmedieval", "Ġmanuscript", "Ġtransmission", "Ġare", ...

78

ogeny. Surviving works Corpus Aristotelicum The works of Aristotle that have survived from antiquity through medieval manuscript transmission are collected in the Corpus Aristotelicum. These texts, as opposed to Aristotle's lost works, are technical philosophical treatises from within Aristotle's school. Reference t...

[ "ĠPress", ".", "Ġ", "ĠLewis", ",", "ĠFrank", "ĠA", ".", "Ġ(", "1991", ").", "ĠSubstance", "Ġand", "ĠPred", "ication", "Ġin", "ĠAristotle", ".", "ĠCambridge", "ĠUniversity", "ĠPress", ".", "Ġ", "ĠLord", ",", "ĠCarn", "es", "Ġ(", "1984", ").", "ĠIntroduction...

79

Press. Lewis, Frank A. (1991). Substance and Predication in Aristotle. Cambridge University Press. Lord, Carnes (1984). Introduction to The Politics, by Aristotle. Chicago University Press. Loux, Michael J. (1991). Primary Ousia: An Essay on Aristotle's Metaphysics Ζ and Η. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Ma...

[ "ica", ",", "Ġpromoting", "ĠFranco", "-", "American", "Ġmusical", "Ġrelations", ",", "Ġand", "Ġwas", "Ġable", "Ġto", "Ġoffer", "ĠRa", "vel", "Ġa", "Ġ$", "10", ",", "000", "Ġfee", "Ġfor", "Ġthe", "Ġtour", ",", "Ġan", "Ġent", "ic", "ement", "ĠG", "ers", ...

80

ica, promoting Franco-American musical relations, and was able to offer Ravel a $10,000 fee for the tour, an enticement Gershwin knew would be important to Ravel. Gershwin greeted Ravel in New York in March 1928 during a party held for Ravel's birthday by Éva Gauthier. Ravel's tour reignited Gershwin's desire to retur...

[ "Ġhorns", "Ġas", "ĠA", ",", "ĠB", ",", "ĠC", ",", "Ġand", "ĠD", "Ġwith", "Ġcircles", ",", "Ġhe", "Ġwas", "Ġreferring", "Ġto", "Ġthe", "Ġfour", "Ġhorns", ",", "Ġand", "Ġnot", "Ġthe", "Ġnotes", "Ġthat", "Ġthey", "Ġplayed", ".", "Ġ", "ĠA", "Ġmajor", "Ġrev...

81

horns as A, B, C, and D with circles, he was referring to the four horns, and not the notes that they played. A major revision of the work by composer and arranger F. Campbell-Watson simplified the instrumentation by reducing the saxophones to only three instruments: alto, tenor and baritone. The soprano saxophone do...

[ "Ġreading", "Ġ", "ĠRim", "ler", ",", "ĠWalter", ".", "ĠGeorge", "ĠG", "ers", "h", "win", "Âł", "âĢĵ", "ĠAn", "ĠInt", "imate", "ĠPort", "rait", ".", "ĠUr", "b", "ana", ",", "ĠUniversity", "Ġof", "ĠIllinois", "ĠPress", ",", "Ġ2009", ".", "Ġchapter", "Ġ6"...

82

reading Rimler, Walter. George Gershwin – An Intimate Portrait. Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 2009. chapter 6: Paris, pp. 28–33. External links Scores, marked by Leonard Bernstein, Andre Kostelanetz, Erich Leinsdorf; New York Philharmonic archives 1944 recording by the New York Philharmonic conducted b...

[ "ĠAll", "ĠFlesh", ".", "ĠHe", "Ġhad", "Ġto", "Ġreturn", "Ġto", "ĠEurope", "Ġbefore", "Ġthe", "Ġceremony", ",", "Ġso", "Ġthe", "ĠAcademy", "Ġagreed", "Ġto", "Ġgive", "Ġhim", "Ġthe", "Ġprize", "Ġearlier", ";", "Ġthis", "Ġmade", "Ġhim", "Ġthe", "Ġfirst", "ĠAcad...

83

All Flesh. He had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier; this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. At that time, winners were recognized for the entirety of their work done in a certain category during the qualifying period; for example, Jannings re...

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84

were made each year in Chicago by Illinois manufacturer R.S. Owens & Company. It would take between three and four weeks to manufacture 50 statuettes. In 2016, the Academy returned to bronze as the core metal of the statuettes, handing manufacturing duties to Walden, New York-based Polich Tallix Fine Art Foundry. Whil...

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85

of Thalberg); The Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award (since 1957) (in the form of an Oscar statuette); The Academy Scientific and Technical Awards: Academy Award of Merit (non-competitive) (in the form of an Oscar statuette); Scientific and Engineering Award (in the form of a bronze tablet); Technical Achievement ...

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86

public exhibition or distribution), or submission in the International Feature Film category as its country's official selection. The qualifying theatrical runs must meet the same requirements as those for non-documentary films regarding numbers and times of screenings. Additionally, a film must have been reviewed by ...

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87

members when they are. Awards ceremonies Telecast The major awards are presented at a live televised ceremony, commonly in late February or early March following the relevant calendar year, and six weeks after the announcement of the nominees. It is the culmination of the film awards season, which usually begins du...

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88

popularity contest" feel as the audience varied their applause to those who had died by the subject's cultural impact; the applause has since been muted during the telecast, and the audience is discouraged from clapping during the segment and giving silent reflection instead. This segment was later followed by a commer...

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89

on Melrose Avenue in Hollywood. From 1950 to 1960, the awards were presented at Hollywood's Pantages Theatre. With the advent of television, the awards from 1953 to 1957 took place simultaneously in Hollywood and New York, first at the NBC International Theatre (1953) and then at the NBC Century Theatre, after which ...

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90

polarizing. Due to a variety of reasons, including marketability and historical bans on interracial couples, a number of high-profile Oscars have been given to yellowface portrayals, as well as performances of Asian characters rewritten for white characters. The 88th awards ceremony became the target of a boycott, pop...

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91

people have criticized the separation of male and female acting categories in the Academy Awards, Emmy Awards and Tony Awards. Though some commentators worry that gender discrimination would cause men to dominate unsegregated categories, other categories are unsegregated. The Grammy Awards went gender-neutral in 2012,...

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92

úria Espert as Glòria Marc Rosa Maria Sardà as Assumpta Roca Anna Lizaran as Maria Caminal Mercè Pons as Estudiant Recognition Screenings Actrius screened in 2001 at the Grauman's Egyptian Theatre in an American Cinematheque retrospective of the works of its director. The film had first screened at the same locati...

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93

60. Bell 61. Boot 62. Button 63. Blueberries 64. Belt 65. Bugle 66. Bull 67. Bucket 68. Bellows 69. Boomerang 70. Bathtub 71. Bone 72. Brush 73. Bottle 74. Banana 75. Brush 76. Binoculars 77. Barracuda 78. Buddha 79. Battery 80. Broom 81. Bat (animal) 82. Boy 83. Bungalow C 82. Crab 83. Chair...

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94

orgon 266. Gnome 267. Gramophone 268. Goat 269. Goggles 270. Goose 271. Giraffe 272. Gazebo 273. Guard 274. Gift 275. Garage 276. Garbage 277. Garbage can 278. Gallows 279. Guillotine 280. Ghost 281. Giant 282. Goal 283. Glider 284. Gage 285. Garter H 285. Hexagon 286. Hose 287. Hare 288. Hyena...

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95

Pisa (Leaning Tower) 456. Parthenon 457. Palm tree 458. Pyramid 459. Paris 460. Peninsula 461. Penguin 462. Pool 463. Pathway 464. Procession 465. Platypus 466. Pan 467. Pumpkin 468. Pheasant 469. Partridge 470. Puffin 471. Pelican 472. Porcupine 473. Panda 474. Parcel 475. Pliers 476. Plow 477. ...

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96

31. Stalagmite 632. Steamroller 633. Swings 634. Slide 635. Sword 636. Sheathe 637. Stiletto 638. Scimitar 639. Saber 640. Spear 641. Sleigh 642. Snow 643. Santa Claus 644. Sack 645. Sausage 646. Stick figure 647. Surfboard 648. Surfer 649. Seal 650. Skull 651. Spine 652. Shamrock 653. Spectacles ...

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97

, the United Kingdom, Norway and Venezuela. It also airs on Minimax for the Czech Republic and Slovakia. And recently in Greece on the channel ET1. The Australian Children's Television Foundation released a teaching resource DVD-ROM in 2011 to accompany the TV series with teaching aids for classroom use. In 2010, The ...

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98

on 9 October 1957. The International Time Bureau (BIH) began a time scale, Tm or AM, in July 1955, using both local caesium clocks and comparisons to distant clocks using the phase of VLF radio signals. The BIH scale, A.1, and NBS-A were defined by an epoch at the beginning of 1958 The procedures used by the BIH evol...

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99

"intentional and voluntary actions that aim to enhance the welfare of another person in the absence of any quid pro quo external rewards". In one sense, the opposite of altruism is spite; a spiteful action harms another with no self-benefit. Altruism can be distinguished from feelings of loyalty or concern for the co...