carlosejimenez/wikipedia-20220301.en-block-size-1024

tokens list	id int64	text string
[ "Ġwould", "Ġsee", "Ġthe", "Ġfuture", ",", "Ġno", "Ġone", "Ġwould", "Ġever", "Ġbelieve", "Ġher", "Ġprophe", "cies", ".", "Ġ", "ĠH", "est", "ia", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġgoddess", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġhear", "th", ",", "Ġrejected", "Ġboth", "ĠApollo", "'s", "Ġand", "ĠP...	200	would see the future, no one would ever believe her prophecies. Hestia, the goddess of the hearth, rejected both Apollo's and Poseidon's marriage proposals and swore that she would always stay unmarried. Female counterparts Artemis Artemis as the sister of Apollo, is thea apollousa, that is, she as a female divini...
[ "s", "ĠBCE", ",", "ĠApollo", "'s", "Ġfirst", "Ġtemple", "Ġat", "ĠRome", "Ġwas", "Ġestablished", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠFl", "amin", "ian", "Ġfields", ",", "Ġreplacing", "Ġan", "Ġolder", "Ġcult", "Ġsite", "Ġthere", "Ġknown", "Ġas", "Ġthe", "Ġ\"", "Ap", "oll", "in...	201	s BCE, Apollo's first temple at Rome was established in the Flaminian fields, replacing an older cult site there known as the "Apollinare". During the Second Punic War in 212 BCE, the Ludi Apollinares ("Apollonian Games") were instituted in his honor, on the instructions of a prophecy attributed to one Marcius. In the ...
[ "Ġputs", "Ġinto", "ĠApollo", "Ġthe", "Ġhighest", "Ġdegree", "Ġof", "Ġpower", "Ġand", "Ġbeauty", "Ġthat", "Ġcan", "Ġbe", "Ġimagined", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġsculpt", "ors", "Ġderived", "Ġthis", "Ġfrom", "Ġobservations", "Ġon", "Ġhuman", "Ġbeings", ",", "Ġbut", "Ġthey", ...	202	puts into Apollo the highest degree of power and beauty that can be imagined. The sculptors derived this from observations on human beings, but they also embodied in concrete form, issues beyond the reach of ordinary thought. The naked bodies of the statues are associated with the cult of the body that was essentiall...
[ "Ġmodern", "Ġfilms", "âĢĶ", "for", "Ġinstance", ",", "Ġby", "ĠKeith", "ĠDavid", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġ1997", "Ġanimated", "Ġfeature", "Ġfilm", "ĠHercules", ",", "Ġby", "ĠLuke", "ĠEvans", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġ2010", "Ġaction", "Ġfilm", "ĠClash", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠTitans"...	203	modern films—for instance, by Keith David in the 1997 animated feature film Hercules, by Luke Evans in the 2010 action film Clash of the Titans, and by Dimitri Lekkos in the 2010 film Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief. Video games Apollo has appeared in many modern video games. Apollo appears as a m...
[ "ĠPerse", "us", "ĠDigital", "ĠLibrary", ".", "Ġ", "ĠHomer", ";", "ĠThe", "ĠOdyssey", "Ġwith", "Ġan", "ĠEnglish", "ĠTranslation", "Ġby", "ĠA", ".", "T", ".", "ĠMurray", ",", "ĠPH", ".", "D", ".", "Ġin", "Ġtwo", "Ġvolumes", ".", "ĠCambridge", ",", "ĠMA", ...	204	Perseus Digital Library. Homer; The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Hyginus, Gaius Julius, De Astronomica, in The Myths of Hyginus, edited and trans...
[ "ĠKon", "stant", "ino", "ĠRam", "iot", "is", ";", "ĠBooks", "ĠVII", "âĢĵ", "V", "III", "Ġby", "ĠVas", "il", "iki", "ĠDog", "ani", ";", "ĠBooks", "ĠIX", "âĢĵ", "X", "Ġby", "ĠJonathan", "ĠAlexander", ";", "ĠBooks", "ĠXII", "âĢĵ", "X", "III", "Ġby", "ĠN...	205	Konstantino Ramiotis; Books VII–VIII by Vasiliki Dogani; Books IX–X by Jonathan Alexander; Books XII–XIII by Nikolaos Giallousis. Internet Archive). Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica, translated by J. H. Mozley, Loeb Classical Library No. 286. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann ...
[ "ok", "ovic", ",", "Ġwho", "Ġwon", "Ġhis", "Ġfifth", "Ġtitle", "Ġin", "Ġ2015", "Ġand", "Ġhas", "Ġsince", "Ġwon", "Ġthe", "Ġtournament", "Ġnine", "Ġtimes", ").", "ĠAg", "assi", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġsecond", "Ġof", "Ġfive", "Ġmen", "Ġto", "Ġachieve", "Ġthe", "Ġc...	206	okovic, who won his fifth title in 2015 and has since won the tournament nine times). Agassi is the second of five men to achieve the career Grand Slam in the Open Era and the fifth of eight overall to make the achievement. He is also the first of two men to achieve the career Golden Slam (career Grand Slam and Olympic...
[ "Ġcode", "Ġto", "Ġwhich", "Ġplayers", "Ġat", "Ġthe", "Ġevent", "Ġare", "Ġrequired", "Ġto", "Ġconform", ".", "Ġ", "ĠStrong", "Ġperformances", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "Ġtour", "Ġmeant", "Ġthat", "ĠAg", "assi", "Ġwas", "Ġquickly", "Ġtipped", "Ġas", "Ġa", "Ġfuture", "ĠGran...	207	code to which players at the event are required to conform. Strong performances on the tour meant that Agassi was quickly tipped as a future Grand Slam champion. While still a teenager, he reached the semi-finals of both the French Open and the US Open in 1988 and made the US Open semi-finals in 1989. He began the 19...
[ "Ġfinish", "Ġranked", "ĠNo", ".", "Ġ1", "Ġat", "Ġthe", "Ġyear", "-", "end", "Ġranking", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġterms", "Ġof", "Ġwin", "/", "loss", "Ġrecord", ",", "Ġ1995", "Ġwas", "ĠAg", "assi", "'s", "Ġbest", "Ġyear", ".", "ĠHe", "Ġwon", "Ġ73", "Ġand", "Ġlost"...	208	finish ranked No. 1 at the year-end ranking. In terms of win/loss record, 1995 was Agassi's best year. He won 73 and lost 9 matches, and was also once again a key player on the United States' Davis Cup winning team—the third and final Davis Cup title of his career. 1996 was a less successful year for Agassi, as he fa...
[ ",", "Ġbeating", "ĠSamp", "ras", "Ġin", "Ġa", "Ġfive", "-", "set", "Ġsemi", "-", "final", "Ġand", "ĠY", "ev", "gen", "y", "ĠKaf", "el", "nikov", "Ġin", "Ġa", "Ġfour", "-", "set", "Ġfinal", ".", "ĠHe", "Ġwas", "Ġthe", "Ġfirst", "Ġmale", "Ġplayer", "Ġt...	209	, beating Sampras in a five-set semi-final and Yevgeny Kafelnikov in a four-set final. He was the first male player to have reached four consecutive Grand Slam finals since Rod Laver achieved the Grand Slam in 1969. At the time, Agassi was also only the fourth player since Laver to be the reigning champion of three of...
[ "Ġto", "Ġreach", "Ġ800", "Ġcareer", "Ġwins", "Ġwith", "Ġhis", "Ġfirst", "-", "round", "Ġvictory", "Ġover", "ĠAlex", "ĠBog", "om", "ol", "ov", "Ġin", "ĠCountry", "wide", "ĠClassic", "Ġin", "ĠLos", "ĠAngeles", ".", "Ġ", "ĠAg", "assi", "'s", "Ġ2005", "Ġbegan"...	210	to reach 800 career wins with his first-round victory over Alex Bogomolov in Countrywide Classic in Los Angeles. Agassi's 2005 began with a quarterfinal loss to Federer at the Australian Open. Agassi had several other deep runs at tournaments, but had to withdraw from several events due to injury. He lost to Jarkko N...
[ "Ġyear", ".", "ĠThey", "Ġmet", "Ġfive", "Ġtimes", "Ġduring", "Ġthe", "Ġyear", ",", "Ġall", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġtitle", "Ġmatches", ",", "Ġincluding", "Ġthe", "ĠAustralian", "ĠOpen", ",", "Ġthe", "ĠNewsweek", "ĠChampions", "ĠCup", "Ġ(", "now", "ĠIndian", "ĠWells",...	211	year. They met five times during the year, all in the title matches, including the Australian Open, the Newsweek Champions Cup (now Indian Wells), the Lipton International Players Championships (now Miami Open), the Canadian Open, and the US Open. Agassi won three of the finals, including the Australian Open; however,...
[ "ĠThe", "Ġintensity", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġrivalry", "Ġpeaked", "Ġin", "Ġ1995", ".", "ĠBecker", "Ġwon", "Ġthat", "Ġyear", "'s", "ĠWim", "bledon", "Ġsemi", "-", "final", "Ġafter", "Ġbeing", "Ġdown", "Ġa", "Ġset", "Ġand", "Ġtwo", "Ġbreaks", ",", "Ġto", "Ġeventuall...	212	The intensity of the rivalry peaked in 1995. Becker won that year's Wimbledon semi-final after being down a set and two breaks, to eventually win in four sets. In a highly anticipated rematch in the US Open semi-final, this time it was Agassi who came out victorious in four tight sets. Their final match was played at ...
[ "ĠSan", "ĠJose", ",", "Ġbeating", "ĠJohn", "ĠMc", "En", "roe", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġfinal", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġfollowing", "Ġday", ",", "Ġhe", "Ġdefended", "Ġhis", "Ġtitle", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠC", "TC", "A", "ĠChampionships", ",", "Ġwhile", "Ġdefeating", "ĠCourier", ...	213	San Jose, beating John McEnroe in the final. The following day, he defended his title of the CTCA Championships, while defeating Courier in the decisive match. In the series season finale, he beat Michael Chang for the Acura Champions Cup. The series and Agassi came back to action in 2014. Agassi won both tournaments ...
[ ".", "ĠAfter", "Ġmeeting", "Ġchef", "ĠMichael", "ĠM", "ina", "Ġat", "Ġone", "Ġof", "Ġhis", "Ġrestaurants", "Ġin", "ĠSan", "ĠFrancisco", ",", "ĠAg", "assi", "Ġpartnered", "Ġwith", "Ġhim", "Ġin", "Ġ2002", "Ġto", "Ġstart", "ĠM", "ina", "ĠGroup", "ĠInc", ".", ...	214	. After meeting chef Michael Mina at one of his restaurants in San Francisco, Agassi partnered with him in 2002 to start Mina Group Inc. and opened 18 concept restaurants in San Francisco, San Jose, Dana Point, Atlantic City and Las Vegas. Agassi was an equity investor of a group that acquired Golden Nugget Las Vegas a...
[ "atic", "o", ",", "Ġand", "Ġthe", "Ġpublic", "Ġoutcry", "Ġonly", "Ġadds", "Ġspice", "Ġto", "Ġour", "Ġconnection", ".", "ĠIt", "Ġmakes", "Ġour", "Ġfriendship", "Ġfeel", "Ġforbidden", ",", "Ġtaboo", "ĠâĢĵ", "Ġanother", "Ġpiece", "Ġof", "Ġmy", "Ġoverall", "Ġrebel...	215	atico, and the public outcry only adds spice to our connection. It makes our friendship feel forbidden, taboo – another piece of my overall rebellion. Dating Barbra Streisand is like wearing Hot Lava." He was married to Brooke Shields from 1997 to 1999. He married Steffi Graf on October 22, 2001, at their Las Vegas h...
[ "Ġhelps", "Ġprofessional", "Ġathletes", "Ġget", "Ġinvolved", "Ġin", "Ġcharitable", "Ġcauses", "Ġand", "Ġaims", "Ġto", "Ġinspire", "Ġall", "Ġpeople", "Ġto", "Ġvolunteer", "Ġand", "Ġsupport", "Ġtheir", "Ġcommunities", ".", "ĠHe", "Ġcreated", "Ġthe", "ĠCanyon", "-", ...	216	helps professional athletes get involved in charitable causes and aims to inspire all people to volunteer and support their communities. He created the Canyon-Agassi Charter School Facilities Fund, now known as the Turner-Agassi Charter School Facilities Fund. The Fund is an investment initiative for social change, fo...
[ "Ġthroughout", "Ġparts", "Ġof", "ĠThailand", ",", "ĠIndia", ",", "ĠBangladesh", ",", "ĠNepal", ",", "Ġand", "Ġsouthern", "ĠChina", ".", "ĠThere", "Ġare", "Ġaround", "Ġ117", "Ġmillion", "Ġspeakers", "Ġof", "ĠAust", "ro", "asi", "atic", "Ġlanguages", ".", "ĠOf",...	217	throughout parts of Thailand, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and southern China. There are around 117 million speakers of Austroasiatic languages. Of these languages, only Vietnamese, Khmer, and Mon have a long-established recorded history. Only two have official status as modern national languages: Vietnamese in Vietnam a...
[ ").", "Ġ", "ĠDiff", "l", "oth", "Ġ(", "1974", ")", "ĠDiff", "l", "oth", "'s", "Ġwidely", "Ġcited", "Ġoriginal", "Ġclassification", ",", "Ġnow", "Ġabandoned", "Ġby", "ĠDiff", "l", "oth", "Ġhimself", ",", "Ġis", "Ġused", "Ġin", "ĠEn", "cyclop", "Ã¦", "d", ...	218	). Diffloth (1974) Diffloth's widely cited original classification, now abandoned by Diffloth himself, is used in Encyclopædia Britannica and—except for the breakup of Southern Mon–Khmer—in Ethnologue. Munda North Munda Korku Kherwarian South Munda Kharia–Juang Koraput Munda Mon–Khmer Eastern Mon–Khmer Khme...
[ ",", "Ġand", "Ġbelieve", "Ġthat", "Ġa", "ĠViet", "o", "-", "Kat", "u", "ic", "Ġconnection", "Ġis", "Ġworth", "Ġinvestigating", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġgeneral", ",", "Ġhowever", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġfamily", "Ġis", "Ġthought", "Ġto", "Ġhave", "Ġdivers", "ified", "Ġtoo", "...	219	, and believe that a Vieto-Katuic connection is worth investigating. In general, however, the family is thought to have diversified too quickly for a deeply nested structure to have developed, since Proto-Austroasiatic speakers are believed by Sidwell to have radiated out from the central Mekong river valley relatively...
[ "Ġto", "Ġ6", ",", "000", "ĠB", ".", "P", ".", "Ġ", "ĠSid", "well", "Ġ(", "20", "22", ")", "Ġproposes", "Ġthat", "Ġthe", "Ġloc", "us", "Ġof", "ĠProto", "-", "Aust", "ro", "asi", "atic", "Ġwas", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠRed", "ĠRiver", "ĠDelta", "Ġarea", "Ġa...	220	to 6,000 B.P. Sidwell (2022) proposes that the locus of Proto-Austroasiatic was in the Red River Delta area about 4,000-4,500 years before present, instead of the Middle Mekong as he had previously proposed. Austroasiatic dispersed coastal maritime routes and also upstream through river valleys. Khmuic, Palaungic, an...
[ "Ġsystems", "Ġ", "ĠOther", "Ġthan", "ĠLatin", "-", "based", "Ġal", "ph", "ab", "ets", ",", "Ġmany", "ĠAust", "ro", "asi", "atic", "Ġlanguages", "Ġare", "Ġwritten", "Ġwith", "Ġthe", "ĠKh", "mer", ",", "ĠThai", ",", "ĠLa", "o", ",", "Ġand", "ĠBur", "m", ...	221	systems Other than Latin-based alphabets, many Austroasiatic languages are written with the Khmer, Thai, Lao, and Burmese alphabets. Vietnamese divergently had an indigenous script based on Chinese logographic writing. This has since been supplanted by the Latin alphabet in the 20th century. The following are example...
[ "Ġin", "ĠIns", "ular", "ĠSoutheast", "ĠAsia", ".", "ĠEarly", "ĠAust", "ro", "asi", "atic", "Ġpeople", "Ġwere", "Ġfound", "Ġto", "Ġbe", "Ġbest", "Ġrepresented", "Ġby", "Ġthe", "ĠM", "lab", "ri", "Ġpeople", "Ġin", "Ġmodern", "Ġday", "ĠThailand", ".", "ĠPro", ...	222	in Insular Southeast Asia. Early Austroasiatic people were found to be best represented by the Mlabri people in modern day Thailand. Proposals for Austroasiatic substratum among later Austronesian languages in Western Indonesia, noteworthy among the Dayak languages, is strengthened by genetic data, suggesting Austroas...
[ "Ġrecent", "Ġpopulation", "Ġgenetic", "Ġstudies", ".", "ĠMon", "-", "Kh", "mer", "ĠStudies", ",", "Ġ37", ",", "Ġ1", "-", "14", ".", "Ġ", "ĠZ", "ide", ",", "ĠNorman", "ĠH", ".,", "Ġand", "ĠMilton", "ĠE", ".", "ĠBarker", ".", "Ġ(", "1966", ")", "ĠStudi...	223	recent population genetic studies. Mon-Khmer Studies, 37, 1-14. Zide, Norman H., and Milton E. Barker. (1966) Studies in Comparative Austroasiatic Linguistics, The Hague: Mouton (Indo-Iranian monographs, v. 5.). Further reading Mann, Noel, Wendy Smith and Eva Ujlakyova. 2009. Linguistic clusters of Mainland Sout...
[ "Ġproposed", "Ġits", "Ġadoption", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġdoing", "Ġso", ",", "ĠGreenberg", "Ġsought", "Ġto", "Ġemphasize", "Ġthe", "Ġfact", "Ġthat", "Ġ'", "Ham", "itic", "'", "Ġwas", "Ġnot", "Ġa", "Ġvalid", "Ġgroup", "Ġand", "Ġthat", "Ġlanguage", "Ġclad", "istics", "...	224	proposed its adoption. In doing so, Greenberg sought to emphasize the fact that 'Hamitic' was not a valid group and that language cladistics did not reflect race. Individual scholars have also called the family "Erythraean" (Tucker 1966) and "Lisramic" (Hodge 1972). In lieu of "Hamito-Semitic", the Russian linguist I...
[ "Ġmillion", "Ġpeople", "Ġin", "ĠEthiopia", ".", "ĠTig", "re", "Ġ(", "Semitic", "),", "Ġspoken", "Ġby", "Ġaround", "Ġ2", "Ġmillion", "Ġpeople", "Ġin", "ĠErit", "rea", ".", "ĠW", "ola", "itta", "Ġ(", "O", "m", "otic", "),", "Ġspoken", "Ġby", "Ġaround", "Ġ1...	225	million people in Ethiopia. Tigre (Semitic), spoken by around 2 million people in Eritrea. Wolaitta (Omotic), spoken by around 1.6 million people in Ethiopia. Maltese (Semitic), spoken by around half a million people in Malta and the Maltese diaspora. It descended from Siculo-Arabic independently from modern Arabic di...
[ "Ġa", "Ġmember", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠKh", "o", "isan", "Ġlanguages", ",", "Ġa", "Ġgrouping", "Ġthat", "Ġhas", "Ġsince", "Ġproven", "Ġinaccurate", "Ġand", "Ġexcessively", "Ġmotivated", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "Ġpresence", "Ġof", "Ġclick", "Ġsounds", ".", "ĠTo", "ĠKh", "o",...	226	a member of the Khoisan languages, a grouping that has since proven inaccurate and excessively motivated on the presence of click sounds. To Khoisan he also added the Tanzanian Hadza and Sandawe, though this view has been discredited as linguists working on these languages regard them as linguistic isolates. Despite t...
[ "Ġin", "ĠAfrica", "Ġidentified", "Ġby", "ĠJoseph", "ĠGreenberg", "Ġin", "Ġhis", "Ġbook", "ĠThe", "ĠLanguages", "Ġof", "ĠAfrica", "Ġ(", "1963", ").", "ĠIt", "Ġis", "Ġone", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġfew", "Ġwhose", "Ġspeech", "Ġarea", "Ġis", "Ġtrans", "continental", ",",...	227	in Africa identified by Joseph Greenberg in his book The Languages of Africa (1963). It is one of the few whose speech area is transcontinental, with languages from Afroasiatic's Semitic branch also spoken in the Middle East and Europe. There are no generally accepted relations between Afroasiatic and any other langu...
[ "ĠBe", "ja", "),", "Ġand", "ĠChad", "ic", "Ġsupport", "Ġpossess", "ive", "Ġsuffix", "es", ".", "Ġ", "ĠN", "is", "ba", "Ġderiv", "ation", "Ġin", "Ġ-", "j", "Ġ(", "ear", "lier", "ĠEgyptian", ")", "Ġor", "Ġ-", "Ä«", "Ġ(", "Semitic", ")", "Ġ", "ĠMorph", ...	228	Beja), and Chadic support possessive suffixes. Nisba derivation in -j (earlier Egyptian) or -ī (Semitic) Morphology in which words inflect by changes within the root (vowel changes or gemination) as well as with prefixes and suffixes. One of the most remarkable shared features among the Afroasiatic languages is the...
[ ".", "ĠLIN", "COM", ".", "ĠBom", "hard", ",", "ĠAlan", "ĠR", ".", "Ġ1996", ".", "ĠIndo", "-", "European", "Ġand", "Ġthe", "ĠNost", "r", "atic", "ĠHyp", "ot", "hesis", ".", "ĠSign", "um", ".", "ĠDi", "ak", "on", "off", ",", "ĠIgor", "ĠM", ".", "Ġ1...	229	. LINCOM. Bomhard, Alan R. 1996. Indo-European and the Nostratic Hypothesis. Signum. Diakonoff, Igor M. 1988. Afrasian Languages. Moscow: Nauka. Diakonoff, Igor M. 1996. "Some reflections on the Afrasian linguistic macrofamily." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 55, 293. Diakonoff, Igor M. 1998. "The earliest Semitic soc...
[ "ro", "-", "As", "i", "atic", "Ġand", "ĠSem", "itic", "Ġgene", "alog", "ical", "Ġtrees", ",", "Ġpresented", "Ġby", "ĠAlexander", "ĠMil", "it", "are", "v", "Ġat", "Ġhis", "Ġtalk", "Ġ\"", "Gene", "alog", "ical", "Ġclassification", "Ġof", "ĠAf", "ro", "-", ...	230	ro-Asiatic and Semitic genealogical trees, presented by Alexander Militarev at his talk "Genealogical classification of Afro-Asiatic languages according to the latest data" at the conference on the 70th anniversary of V.M. Illich-Svitych, Moscow, 2004; short annotations of the talks given there The prehistory of a di...
[ "Ġregions", "Ġwere", "Ġnot", "Ġadministered", "Ġby", "ĠMuslims", ",", "Ġbecause", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġgeographic", "Ġdifficulty", "Ġof", "Ġdirect", "Ġrule", ".", "Ġ", "ĠOther", "Ġtheories", "Ġsuggest", "Ġthat", "Ġthe", "Ġterm", "Ġderives", "Ġfrom", "Ġthe", "ĠNav", ...	231	regions were not administered by Muslims, because of the geographic difficulty of direct rule. Other theories suggest that the term derives from the Navarro-Aragonese "andurrial", which means "land covered with bushes" or "scrubland". The folk etymology holds that Charlemagne had named the region as a reference to t...
[ "ĠUr", "ge", "ll", ",", "Ġbased", "Ġin", "ĠSe", "u", "Ġd", "'", "Ur", "ge", "ll", ",", "Ġhas", "Ġbeen", "Ġco", "-", "pr", "ince", "Ġof", "ĠAnd", "or", "ra", ".", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġfirst", "Ġdocument", "Ġthat", "Ġmentions", "ĠAnd", "or", "ra", "Ġas", ...	232	Urgell, based in Seu d'Urgell, has been co-prince of Andorra. The first document that mentions Andorra as a territory is the Acta de Consagració i Dotació de la Catedral de la Seu d'Urgell (Deed of Consecration and Endowment of the Cathedral of La Seu d'Urgell). The document, dated 839, depicts the six old parishes o...
[ ".", "ĠAfter", "ĠHenry", "ĠIII", "Ġof", "ĠNav", "arre", "Ġbecame", "Ġking", "Ġof", "ĠFrance", ",", "Ġhe", "Ġissued", "Ġan", "Ġed", "ict", "Ġin", "Ġ16", "07", "Ġthat", "Ġestablished", "Ġthe", "Ġhead", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠFrench", "Ġstate", "Ġand", "Ġthe", "Ġbi...	233	. After Henry III of Navarre became king of France, he issued an edict in 1607 that established the head of the French state and the bishop of Urgell as co-princes of Andorra, a political arrangement that still holds. During 1617, communal councils form the sometent (popular militia or army) to deal with the rise of b...
[ "Ġthe", "Ġawakening", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġnational", "Ġconsciousness", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġcountry", ".", "ĠJac", "int", "ĠVerd", "agu", "er", "Ġlived", "Ġin", "ĠOrd", "ino", "Ġduring", "Ġthe", "Ġ1880", "s", "Ġwhere", "Ġhe", "Ġwrote", "Ġand", "Ġshared", "Ġworks", ...	234	the awakening of the national consciousness of the country. Jacint Verdaguer lived in Ordino during the 1880s where he wrote and shared works related to the Renaixença with writer and photographer, Joaquim de Riba. In 1848, Fromental Halévy had premiered the opera Le Val d'Andorre to great success in Europe, where th...
[ "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġlate", "Ġ1930", "s", ".", "ĠAll", "Ġin", "Ġall", ",", "Ġa", "Ġrenovated", "Ġhotel", "Ġindustry", "Ġhas", "Ġdeveloped", ".", "ĠIn", "ĠApril", "Ġ1968", "Ġa", "Ġsocial", "Ġhealth", "Ġinsurance", "Ġsystem", "Ġwas", "Ġcreated", "Ġ(", "C", "ASS", ...	235	in the late 1930s. All in all, a renovated hotel industry has developed. In April 1968 a social health insurance system was created (CASS). The Andorran government necessarily involved planning, projection and forecasts for the future: with the official visit of the French co-prince Charles de Gaulle in 1967 and 1969...
[ "ĠThe", "Ġcouncil", "Ġalso", "Ġapproves", "Ġthe", "Ġannual", "Ġbudget", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġprincip", "ality", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġgovernment", "Ġmust", "Ġsubmit", "Ġthe", "Ġproposed", "Ġbudget", "Ġfor", "Ġparliamentary", "Ġapproval", "Ġat", "Ġleast", "Ġtwo", "Ġmonths", "...	236	The council also approves the annual budget of the principality. The government must submit the proposed budget for parliamentary approval at least two months before the previous budget expires. If the budget is not approved by the first day of the next year, the previous budget is extended until a new one is approved...
[ "bodied", "Ġmen", "Ġremain", "Ġtechnically", "Ġavailable", "Ġfor", "Ġmilitary", "Ġservice", ",", "Ġwith", "Ġa", "Ġrequirement", "Ġfor", "Ġeach", "Ġfamily", "Ġto", "Ġhave", "Ġaccess", "Ġto", "Ġa", "Ġfirearm", ".", "ĠA", "Ġshotgun", "Ġper", "Ġhousehold", "Ġis", "Ġ...	237	bodied men remain technically available for military service, with a requirement for each family to have access to a firearm. A shotgun per household is unregulated. Rifles and pistols require a license. The army has not fought for more than 700 years, and its main responsibility is to present the flag of Andorra at of...
[ "Ġby", "Ġa", "Ġtemper", "ate", "Ġsummer", "Ġand", "Ġa", "Ġlong", "Ġand", "Ġcold", "Ġwinter", ",", "Ġin", "Ġaccordance", "Ġwith", "Ġthe", "Ġmountainous", "Ġcondition", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠPrinc", "ip", "ality", ".", "Ġ", "ĠEconomy", "Ġ", "ĠTourism", ",", "Ġthe",...	238	by a temperate summer and a long and cold winter, in accordance with the mountainous condition of the Principality. Economy Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 10.2 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by i...
[ "Ġup", "Ġto", "Ġsecondary", "Ġlevel", "Ġis", "Ġprovided", "Ġfree", "Ġof", "Ġcharge", "Ġby", "Ġthe", "Ġgovernment", ".", "Ġ", "ĠThere", "Ġare", "Ġthree", "Ġsystems", "Ġof", "Ġschool", ",", "ĠAnd", "or", "ran", ",", "ĠFrench", "Ġand", "ĠSpanish", ",", "Ġwhich"...	239	up to secondary level is provided free of charge by the government. There are three systems of school, Andorran, French and Spanish, which use Catalan, French and Spanish languages respectively, as the main language of instruction. Parents may choose which system their children attend. All schools are built and maint...
[ "Ġto", "Ġbroadcast", "Ġwas", "ĠRadio", "ĠAnd", "or", "ra", ",", "Ġwhich", "Ġwas", "Ġactive", "Ġfrom", "Ġ1939", "Ġto", "Ġ1981", ".", "ĠOn", "Ġ12", "ĠOctober", "Ġ1989", ",", "Ġthe", "ĠGeneral", "ĠCouncil", "Ġestablished", "Ġradio", "Ġand", "Ġtelevision", "Ġas", ...	240	to broadcast was Radio Andorra, which was active from 1939 to 1981. On 12 October 1989, the General Council established radio and television as essential public services creating and managing the entity ORTA, becoming on 13 April 2000, in the public company Ràdio i Televisió d'Andorra (RTVA). In 1990, the public radio...
[ "Ġlargest", "Ġand", "Ġmost", "Ġpopular", "Ġresort", ".", "ĠOther", "Ġpopular", "Ġsports", "Ġplayed", "Ġin", "ĠAnd", "or", "ra", "Ġinclude", "Ġfootball", ",", "Ġrugby", "Ġunion", ",", "Ġbasketball", ",", "Ġand", "Ġroller", "Ġhockey", ".", "Ġ", "ĠFor", "Ġroller"...	241	largest and most popular resort. Other popular sports played in Andorra include football, rugby union, basketball, and roller hockey. For roller hockey, Andorra usually plays in CERH Euro Cup and in FIRS Roller Hockey World Cup. In 2011, Andorra was the host country to the 2011 European League Final Eight. The count...
[ "ĠHistory", "Ġof", "ĠAnd", "or", "ra", ":", "ĠPrimary", "ĠDocuments", "Ġfrom", "ĠEuro", "Doc", "s", "Ġ", "ĠA", "ĠNew", "ĠPath", "Ġfor", "ĠAnd", "or", "ra", "ĠâĢĵ", "Ġslideshow", "Ġby", "ĠThe", "ĠNew", "ĠYork", "ĠTimes", "Ġ", "Ġ", "Ġ", "Ġ", "Ġ", "Ġ", ...	242	History of Andorra: Primary Documents from EuroDocs A New Path for Andorra – slideshow by The New York Times 1278 establishments in Europe Catalan Countries Christian states Countries in Europe Diarchies Duty-free zones of Europe French-speaking countries and territories Iberian Peninsula Important Bird Areas ...
[ "Ġand", "Ġarithmetic", "Ġaverage", "Ġare", "Ġequal", ".", "ĠFor", "Ġexample", ",", "Ġconsider", "Ġthe", "Ġdata", "Ġsample", "Ġ.", "ĠThe", "Ġaverage", "Ġis", "Ġ,", "Ġas", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġmedian", ".", "ĠHowever", ",", "Ġwhen", "Ġwe", "Ġconsider", "Ġa", "Ġsam...	243	and arithmetic average are equal. For example, consider the data sample . The average is , as is the median. However, when we consider a sample that cannot be arranged so as to increase arithmetically, such as , the median and arithmetic average can differ significantly. In this case, the arithmetic average is 6.2, wh...
[ "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠNational", "ĠFootball", "ĠLeague", "Ġ(", "NFL", "),", "Ġthe", "Ġhighest", "Ġprofessional", "Ġlevel", "Ġof", "ĠAmerican", "Ġfootball", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠUnited", "ĠStates", ".", "ĠThis", "Ġconference", "Ġcurrently", "Ġcontains", "Ġ16", "Ġteams", "Ġo...	244	of the National Football League (NFL), the highest professional level of American football in the United States. This conference currently contains 16 teams organized into 4 divisions, as does its counterpart, the National Football Conference (NFC). Both conferences were created as part of the 1970 merger between the ...
[ "Ġthe", "ĠTennessee", "ĠTitans", ".", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "ĠNFL", "Ġwould", "Ġagain", "Ġexpand", "Ġin", "Ġ2002", ",", "Ġadding", "Ġthe", "ĠHouston", "ĠTexans", "Ġto", "Ġthe", "ĠAFC", ".", "ĠWith", "Ġthe", "Ġexception", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġaforementioned", "Ġrel", "ocati...	245	the Tennessee Titans. The NFL would again expand in 2002, adding the Houston Texans to the AFC. With the exception of the aforementioned relocations since that time, the divisional setup has remained static ever since. Between 1995 and 2021, the AFC has sent only 9 of its 16 teams to the Super Bowl: New England Patr...
[ "Ġhe", "Ġcalls", "Ġfor", "Ġthe", "Ġoverthrow", "Ġof", "Ġhumans", "Ġand", "Ġteaches", "Ġthe", "Ġanimals", "Ġa", "Ġrevolutionary", "Ġsong", "Ġcalled", "Ġ\"", "Be", "asts", "Ġof", "ĠEngland", "\".", "ĠWhen", "ĠOld", "ĠMajor", "Ġdies", ",", "Ġtwo", "Ġyoung", "Ġpig...	246	he calls for the overthrow of humans and teaches the animals a revolutionary song called "Beasts of England". When Old Major dies, two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, assume command and stage a revolt, driving Mr. Jones off the farm and renaming the property "Animal Farm". They adopt the Seven Commandments of Anima...
[ "The", "ĠManor", "ĠFarm", "\".", "ĠThe", "Ġmen", "Ġand", "Ġpigs", "Ġstart", "Ġplaying", "Ġcards", ",", "Ġflattering", "Ġand", "Ġpraising", "Ġeach", "Ġother", "Ġwhile", "Ġcheating", "Ġat", "Ġthe", "Ġgame", ".", "ĠBoth", "ĠNapoleon", "Ġand", "ĠMr", ".", "ĠPil", ...	247	The Manor Farm". The men and pigs start playing cards, flattering and praising each other while cheating at the game. Both Napoleon and Mr. Pilkington, one of the farmers, play the Ace of Spades at the same time and both sides begin fighting loudly over who cheated first. When the animals outside look at the pigs and m...
[ "Ġbiscuits", "Ġand", "Ġpar", "aff", "in", "Ġwax", ",", "Ġbut", "Ġlater", "Ġhe", "Ġproc", "ures", "Ġlux", "uries", "Ġlike", "Ġalcohol", "Ġfor", "Ġthe", "Ġpigs", ".", "Ġ", "ĠEqu", "ines", "Ġ", "ĠBox", "er", "ĠâĢĵ", "ĠA", "Ġloyal", ",", "Ġkind", ",", "Ġde...	248	biscuits and paraffin wax, but later he procures luxuries like alcohol for the pigs. Equines Boxer – A loyal, kind, dedicated, extremely strong, hard-working, and respectable cart-horse, although quite naive and gullible. Boxer does a large share of the physical labour on the farm. He is shown to hold the belief tha...
[ "Ġexcuses", "Ġare", "Ġso", "Ġconvincing", "Ġand", "Ġshe", "Ġ\"", "p", "urred", "Ġso", "Ġaffection", "ately", "Ġthat", "Ġit", "Ġwas", "Ġimpossible", "Ġnot", "Ġto", "Ġbelieve", "Ġin", "Ġher", "Ġgood", "Ġintentions", ".\"", "ĠShe", "Ġhas", "Ġno", "Ġinterest", "Ġi...	249	excuses are so convincing and she "purred so affectionately that it was impossible not to believe in her good intentions." She has no interest in the politics of the farm, and the only time she is recorded as having participated in an election, she is found to have actually "voted on both sides." The ducks – Also un...
[ "Ġalways", "Ġfrom", "Ġa", "Ġreligious", "Ġor", "Ġfrankly", "Ġreactionary", "Ġangle", ".\"", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġpublisher", "ĠJonathan", "ĠCape", ",", "Ġwho", "Ġhad", "Ġinitially", "Ġaccepted", "ĠAnimal", "ĠFarm", ",", "Ġsubsequently", "Ġrejected", "Ġthe", "Ġbook", "Ġa...	250	always from a religious or frankly reactionary angle." The publisher Jonathan Cape, who had initially accepted Animal Farm, subsequently rejected the book after an official at the British Ministry of Information warned him off – although the civil servant who it is assumed gave the order was later found to be a Sovie...
[ "Ġbe", "Ġsimply", "Ġa", "Ġfairy", "Ġstory", ";", "Ġtoday", "Ġit", "Ġis", "Ġa", "Ġpolitical", "Ġsatire", "Ġwith", "Ġa", "Ġgood", "Ġdeal", "Ġof", "Ġpoint", ".\"", "ĠAnimal", "ĠFarm", "Ġhas", "Ġbeen", "Ġsubject", "Ġto", "Ġmuch", "Ġcomment", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġdec...	251	be simply a fairy story; today it is a political satire with a good deal of point." Animal Farm has been subject to much comment in the decades since these early remarks. The CIA, from 1952 to 1957 in Operation Aedinosaur, sent millions of balloons carrying copies of the novel into Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia,...
[ "Ġalleg", "ory", "Ġ", "ĠOrwell", "Ġbi", "ographer", "ĠJeffrey", "ĠMe", "yers", "Ġhas", "Ġwritten", ",", "Ġ\"", "virt", "ually", "Ġevery", "Ġdetail", "Ġhas", "Ġpolitical", "Ġsignificance", "Ġin", "Ġthis", "Ġalleg", "ory", ".\"", "ĠOrwell", "Ġhimself", "Ġwrote", ...	252	allegory Orwell biographer Jeffrey Meyers has written, "virtually every detail has political significance in this allegory." Orwell himself wrote in 1946, "Of course I intended it primarily as a satire on the Russian revolution ... [and] that kind of revolution (violent conspiratorial revolution, led by unconsciously...
[ "Ġdirected", "Ġby", "ĠRobert", "ĠIc", "ke", ",", "Ġdesigned", "Ġby", "ĠBunny", "ĠChristie", "Ġwith", "Ġpupp", "etry", "Ġdesigned", "Ġand", "Ġdirected", "Ġby", "ĠToby", "ĠO", "li", "Ã©", "Ġopened", "Ġat", "Ġthe", "ĠBirmingham", "ĠRe", "pert", "ory", "ĠTheatre",...	253	directed by Robert Icke, designed by Bunny Christie with puppetry designed and directed by Toby Olié opened at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre in January 2022 before touring the UK. Films Animal Farm has been adapted to film twice. Both differ from the novel and have been accused of taking significant liberties, inc...
[ "Ġbut", ",", "Ġalong", "Ġwith", "Ġmammals", "Ġand", "Ġbirds", ",", "Ġreptiles", "Ġare", "Ġam", "n", "iot", "es", "Ġand", "Ġdo", "Ġnot", "Ġrequire", "Ġwater", "Ġbodies", "Ġin", "Ġwhich", "Ġto", "Ġbreed", ".", "ĠWith", "Ġtheir", "Ġcomplex", "Ġreproductive", "Ġ...	254	but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic decline in amphibian populations for many species around the glo...
[ "Ġmodern", "Ġorders", "Ġare", "ĠAn", "ura", "Ġ(", "the", "Ġfrogs", "),", "ĠC", "aud", "ata", "Ġ(", "or", "ĠU", "rod", "ela", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġsal", "am", "anders", "),", "Ġand", "ĠGym", "n", "oph", "iona", "Ġ(", "or", "ĠAp", "oda", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġca"...	255	modern orders are Anura (the frogs), Caudata (or Urodela, the salamanders), and Gymnophiona (or Apoda, the caecilians). It has been suggested that salamanders arose separately from a Temnospondyl-like ancestor, and even that caecilians are the sister group of the advanced reptiliomorph amphibians, and thus of amniotes...
[ "n", "iotic", "Ġegg", ",", "Ġwhich", "Ġprevents", "Ġthe", "Ġdeveloping", "Ġembryo", "Ġfrom", "Ġdrying", "Ġout", ",", "Ġthat", "Ġenabled", "Ġthe", "Ġreptiles", "Ġto", "Ġreproduce", "Ġon", "Ġland", "Ġand", "Ġwhich", "Ġled", "Ġto", "Ġtheir", "Ġdominance", "Ġin", ...	256	niotic egg, which prevents the developing embryo from drying out, that enabled the reptiles to reproduce on land and which led to their dominance in the period that followed. After the Carboniferous rainforest collapse amphibian dominance gave way to reptiles, and amphibians were further devastated by the Permian–Tria...
[ "Ġfrom", "ĠNew", "ĠGuinea", "Ġ(", "P", "aed", "oph", "ry", "ne", "Ġam", "au", "ensis", ")", "Ġfirst", "Ġdiscovered", "Ġin", "Ġ2012", ".", "ĠIt", "Ġhas", "Ġan", "Ġaverage", "Ġlength", "Ġof", "Ġ", "Ġand", "Ġis", "Ġpart", "Ġof", "Ġa", "Ġgenus", "Ġthat", "...	257	from New Guinea (Paedophryne amauensis) first discovered in 2012. It has an average length of and is part of a genus that contains four of the world's ten smallest frog species. The largest living amphibian is the Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) but this is a great deal smaller than the largest amphibi...
[ "as", "ian", "Ġdistribution", ",", "Ġbeing", "Ġpresent", "Ġin", "Ġmuch", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠH", "olar", "ctic", "Ġregion", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġnorthern", "Ġhemisphere", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġfamily", "ĠPle", "th", "od", "ont", "idae", "Ġis", "Ġalso", "Ġfound", "Ġin", ...	258	asian distribution, being present in much of the Holarctic region of the northern hemisphere. The family Plethodontidae is also found in Central America and South America north of the Amazon basin; South America was apparently invaded from Central America by about the start of the Miocene, 23 million years ago. Urodela...
[ "Ġto", "Ġmammals", "Ġand", "Ġbirds", "Ġwhere", "Ġit", "Ġis", "Ġshed", "Ġin", "Ġflakes", ".", "ĠAmph", "ib", "ians", "Ġoften", "Ġeat", "Ġthe", "Ġsl", "oug", "hed", "Ġskin", ".", "ĠCa", "ec", "il", "ians", "Ġare", "Ġunique", "Ġamong", "Ġamphib", "ians", "Ġ...	259	to mammals and birds where it is shed in flakes. Amphibians often eat the sloughed skin. Caecilians are unique among amphibians in having mineralized dermal scales embedded in the dermis between the furrows in the skin. The similarity of these to the scales of bony fish is largely superficial. Lizards and some frogs h...
[ "ĠCertain", "Ġspecies", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠPle", "th", "od", "ont", "idae", "Ġhave", "Ġa", "Ġweak", "Ġzone", "Ġat", "Ġthe", "Ġbase", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġtail", "Ġand", "Ġuse", "Ġthis", "Ġstrategy", "Ġreadily", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġtail", "Ġoften", "Ġcontinues", "Ġto", ...	260	Certain species in the Plethodontidae have a weak zone at the base of the tail and use this strategy readily. The tail often continues to twitch after separation which may distract the attacker and allow the salamander to escape. Both tails and limbs can be regenerated. Adult frogs are unable to regrow limbs but tadpo...
[ ",", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġtail", ".", "Ġ", "ĠThere", "Ġare", "Ġtwo", "Ġkidneys", "Ġlocated", "Ġdors", "ally", ",", "Ġnear", "Ġthe", "Ġroof", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġbody", "Ġcavity", ".", "ĠTheir", "Ġjob", "Ġis", "Ġto", "Ġfilter", "Ġthe", "Ġblood", "Ġof", "Ġmetabolic...	261	, in the tail. There are two kidneys located dorsally, near the roof of the body cavity. Their job is to filter the blood of metabolic waste and transport the urine via ureters to the urinary bladder where it is stored before being passed out periodically through the cloacal vent. Larvae and most aquatic adult amphibi...
[ "Ġfertil", "isation", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġmale", "Ġgr", "as", "ps", "Ġthe", "Ġfemale", "Ġtightly", "Ġwith", "Ġhis", "Ġfore", "lim", "bs", "Ġeither", "Ġbehind", "Ġthe", "Ġarms", "Ġor", "Ġin", "Ġfront", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġback", "Ġlegs", ",", "Ġor", "Ġin", "Ġthe", ...	262	fertilisation. The male grasps the female tightly with his forelimbs either behind the arms or in front of the back legs, or in the case of Epipedobates tricolor, around the neck. They remain in amplexus with their cloacae positioned close together while the female lays the eggs and the male covers them with sperm. Ro...
[ "Ġbur", "rows", "Ġnear", "Ġstreams", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġamphib", "ious", "Ġsal", "am", "ander", "ĠEns", "at", "ina", "Ġattaches", "Ġits", "Ġsimilar", "Ġclusters", "Ġby", "Ġst", "alks", "Ġto", "Ġunderwater", "Ġstems", "Ġand", "Ġroots", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġgreenhouse", ...	263	burrows near streams. The amphibious salamander Ensatina attaches its similar clusters by stalks to underwater stems and roots. The greenhouse frog (Eleutherodactylus planirostris) lays eggs in small groups in the soil where they develop in about two weeks directly into juvenile frogs without an intervening larval sta...
[ "Ġnetworks", "Ġsuch", "Ġas", "Ġdevelopment", "Ġof", "Ġstere", "oscopic", "Ġvision", "Ġand", "Ġloss", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġlateral", "Ġline", "Ġsystem", ".", "ĠAll", "Ġthis", "Ġcan", "Ġhappen", "Ġin", "Ġabout", "Ġa", "Ġday", ".", "ĠA", "Ġfew", "Ġdays", "Ġlater", ...	264	networks such as development of stereoscopic vision and loss of the lateral line system. All this can happen in about a day. A few days later, the tail is reabsorbed, due to the higher thyroxine concentration required for this to take place. Salamanders At hatching, a typical salamander larva has eyes without lids,...
[ "il", "ians", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġyoung", "Ġare", "Ġproduced", "Ġby", "Ġv", "iv", "ip", "arity", ".", "ĠTyph", "lon", "ect", "es", "Ġcompress", "ic", "aud", "a", ",", "Ġa", "Ġspecies", "Ġfrom", "ĠSouth", "ĠAmerica", ",", "Ġis", "Ġtypical", "Ġof", "Ġthese", ...	265	ilians, the young are produced by viviparity. Typhlonectes compressicauda, a species from South America, is typical of these. Up to nine larvae can develop in the oviduct at any one time. They are elongated and have paired sac-like gills, small eyes and specialised scraping teeth. At first, they feed on the yolks of th...
[ "-", "armed", "Ġchromosomes", ".", "ĠAmph", "ib", "ians", "Ġhave", "Ġalso", "Ġvery", "Ġlarge", "Ġgenomes", "Ġcompared", "Ġto", "Ġother", "Ġtax", "a", "Ġof", "Ġverte", "brates", "Ġand", "Ġcorresponding", "Ġvariation", "Ġin", "Ġgenome", "Ġsize", "Ġ(", "C", "-", ...	266	-armed chromosomes. Amphibians have also very large genomes compared to other taxa of vertebrates and corresponding variation in genome size (C-value: picograms of DNA in haploid nuclei). The genome sizes range from 0.95 to 11.5 pg in frogs, from 13.89 to 120.56 pg in salamanders, and from 2.94 to 11.78 pg in caecilian...
[ "Ġstudied", ".", "ĠA", "Ġclicking", "Ġsound", "Ġsometimes", "Ġproduced", "Ġby", "Ġca", "ec", "il", "ians", "Ġmay", "Ġbe", "Ġa", "Ġmeans", "Ġof", "Ġorientation", ",", "Ġas", "Ġin", "Ġbats", ",", "Ġor", "Ġa", "Ġform", "Ġof", "Ġcommunication", ".", "ĠMost", "...	267	studied. A clicking sound sometimes produced by caecilians may be a means of orientation, as in bats, or a form of communication. Most salamanders are considered voiceless, but the California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus) has vocal cords and can produce a rattling or barking sound. Some species of salamander ...
[ "Ġfrogs", "Ġ(", "X", "en", "opus", "Ġla", "ev", "is", "),", "Ġwhich", "Ġgives", "Ġthe", "Ġfrogs", "Ġan", "Ġopportunity", "Ġto", "Ġescape", ".", "ĠCa", "ec", "il", "ians", "Ġhave", "Ġbeen", "Ġlittle", "Ġstudied", "Ġin", "Ġthis", "Ġrespect", ",", "Ġbut", "...	268	frogs (Xenopus laevis), which gives the frogs an opportunity to escape. Caecilians have been little studied in this respect, but the Cayenne caecilian (Typhlonectes compressicauda) produces toxic mucus that has killed predatory fish in a feeding experiment in Brazil. In some salamanders, the skin is poisonous. The rou...
[ ",", "024", "Ġtimes", "Ġhigher", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġ2006", ",", "Ġthere", "Ġwere", "Ġbelieved", "Ġto", "Ġbe", "Ġ4", ",", "035", "Ġspecies", "Ġof", "Ġamphib", "ians", "Ġthat", "Ġdepended", "Ġon", "Ġwater", "Ġat", "Ġsome", "Ġstage", "Ġduring", "Ġtheir", "Ġlife", ...	269	,024 times higher. In 2006, there were believed to be 4,035 species of amphibians that depended on water at some stage during their life cycle. Of these, 1,356 (33.6%) were considered to be threatened and this figure is likely to be an underestimate because it excludes 1,427 species for which there was insufficient dat...
[ "Ġof", "ĠAlaska", "'s", "Ġresidents", "Ġlive", "Ġwithin", "Ġthe", "ĠAnchorage", "Ġmetropolitan", "Ġarea", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġstate", "Ġcapital", "Ġof", "ĠJune", "au", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġsecond", "-", "largest", "Ġcity", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠUnited", "ĠStates", "Ġby", "Ġ...	270	of Alaska's residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area. The state capital of Juneau is the second-largest city in the United States by area, comprising more territory than the states of Rhode Island and Delaware. The former capital of Alaska, Sitka, is the largest U.S. city by area. Alaska was occupied by ...
[ "ĠK", "oy", "uk", "ĠRiver", ".", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġfirst", "ĠEuropean", "Ġvessel", "Ġto", "Ġreach", "ĠAlaska", "Ġis", "Ġgenerally", "Ġheld", "Ġto", "Ġbe", "Ġthe", "ĠSt", ".", "ĠGabriel", "Ġunder", "Ġthe", "Ġauthority", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġsurvey", "or", "ĠM", "....	271	Koyuk River. The first European vessel to reach Alaska is generally held to be the St. Gabriel under the authority of the surveyor M. S. Gvozdev and assistant navigator I. Fyodorov on August 21, 1732, during an expedition of Siberian Cossack A. F. Shestakov and Russian explorer Dmitry Pavlutsky (1729–1735). Another E...
[ "Ġ7", ",", "Ġ1958", ";", "ĠAlaska", "Ġwas", "Ġofficially", "Ġproclaimed", "Ġa", "Ġstate", "Ġon", "ĠJanuary", "Ġ3", ",", "Ġ1959", ".", "Ġ", "ĠGood", "ĠFriday", "Ġearthquake", "Ġ", "ĠOn", "ĠMarch", "Ġ27", ",", "Ġ1964", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġmassive", "ĠGood", "ĠFri...	272	7, 1958; Alaska was officially proclaimed a state on January 3, 1959. Good Friday earthquake On March 27, 1964, the massive Good Friday earthquake killed 133 people and destroyed several villages and portions of large coastal communities, mainly by the resultant tsunamis and landslides. It was the second-most-powerf...
[ "ĠAlaska", "'s", "Ġlargest", "Ġcity", ".", "ĠThe", "ĠAlaska", "ĠMarine", "ĠHighway", "Ġprovides", "Ġa", "Ġvital", "Ġsurface", "Ġtransportation", "Ġlink", "Ġthroughout", "Ġthe", "Ġarea", "Ġand", "Ġcountry", ",", "Ġas", "Ġonly", "Ġthree", "Ġcommunities", "Ġ(", "H", ...	273	Alaska's largest city. The Alaska Marine Highway provides a vital surface transportation link throughout the area and country, as only three communities (Haines, Hyder and Skagway) enjoy direct connections to the contiguous North American road system. Interior The Interior is the largest region of Alaska; much of it...
[ "Ġnot", "Ġpart", "Ġof", "Ġany", "Ġborough", "Ġis", "Ġreferred", "Ġto", "Ġas", "Ġthe", "ĠUn", "organized", "ĠBorough", ".", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "ĠUn", "organized", "ĠBorough", "Ġhas", "Ġno", "Ġgovernment", "Ġof", "Ġits", "Ġown", ",", "Ġbut", "Ġthe", "ĠU", ".", "S"...	274	not part of any borough is referred to as the Unorganized Borough. The Unorganized Borough has no government of its own, but the U.S. Census Bureau in cooperation with the state divided the Unorganized Borough into 11 census areas solely for the purposes of statistical analysis and presentation. A recording district ...
[ ".", "ĠSome", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġhighest", "Ġand", "Ġlowest", "Ġtemperatures", "Ġin", "ĠAlaska", "Ġoccur", "Ġaround", "Ġthe", "Ġarea", "Ġnear", "ĠFair", "banks", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġsummers", "Ġmay", "Ġhave", "Ġtemperatures", "Ġreaching", "Ġinto", "Ġthe", "Ġ90", "s", ...	275	. Some of the highest and lowest temperatures in Alaska occur around the area near Fairbanks. The summers may have temperatures reaching into the 90s °F (the low-to-mid 30s °C), while in the winter, the temperature can fall below . Precipitation is sparse in the Interior, often less than a year, but what precipitation...
[ "Ġone", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġstate", "'s", "Ġ20", "Ġindigenous", "Ġlanguages", ",", "Ġknown", "Ġlocally", "Ġas", "Ġ\"", "native", "Ġlanguages", "\".", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "ĠAlaska", "ĠNative", "ĠLanguage", "ĠCenter", "Ġat", "Ġthe", "ĠUniversity", "Ġof", "ĠAlaska", "ĠFair",...	276	one of the state's 20 indigenous languages, known locally as "native languages". The Alaska Native Language Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks claims that at least 20 Alaskan native languages exist and there are also some languages with different dialects. Most of Alaska's native languages belong to either ...
[ ",", "Ġvegetables", ",", "Ġand", "Ġlivestock", ".", "ĠManufacturing", "Ġis", "Ġlimited", ",", "Ġwith", "Ġmost", "Ġfood", "st", "uffs", "Ġand", "Ġgeneral", "Ġgoods", "Ġimported", "Ġfrom", "Ġelsewhere", ".", "Ġ", "ĠEmployment", "Ġis", "Ġprimarily", "Ġin", "Ġgovern...	277	, vegetables, and livestock. Manufacturing is limited, with most foodstuffs and general goods imported from elsewhere. Employment is primarily in government and industries such as natural resource extraction, shipping, and transportation. Military bases are a significant component of the economy in the Fairbanks North...
[ "ĠPermanent", "ĠFund", "Ġis", "Ġoften", "Ġconsidered", "Ġto", "Ġbe", "Ġone", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġleading", "Ġexamples", "Ġof", "Ġa", "Ġbasic", "Ġincome", "Ġpolicy", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġworld", ".", "Ġ", "ĠCost", "Ġof", "Ġliving", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġcost", "Ġof", "Ġgoo...	278	Permanent Fund is often considered to be one of the leading examples of a basic income policy in the world. Cost of living The cost of goods in Alaska has long been higher than in the contiguous 48 states. Federal government employees, particularly United States Postal Service (USPS) workers and active-duty military...
[ "Ġpeople", ".", "ĠThe", "ĠAlaska", "ĠNative", "ĠArts", "ĠFoundation", "Ġpromotes", "Ġand", "Ġmarkets", "ĠNative", "Ġart", "Ġfrom", "Ġall", "Ġregions", "Ġand", "Ġcultures", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠState", ",", "Ġusing", "Ġthe", "Ġinternet", ".", "Ġ", "ĠMusic", "Ġ", "Ġ...	279	people. The Alaska Native Arts Foundation promotes and markets Native art from all regions and cultures in the State, using the internet. Music Influences on music in Alaska include the traditional music of Alaska Natives as well as folk music brought by later immigrants from Russia and Europe. Prominent musicians f...
[ "Ġout", "Ġof", "Ġfive", "Ġcases", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġsuspects", "Ġwere", "Ġrelatives", ",", "Ġfriends", "Ġor", "Ġacquaintances", ".", "Ġ", "ĠEducation", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "ĠAlaska", "ĠDepartment", "Ġof", "ĠEducation", "Ġand", "ĠEarly", "ĠDevelopment", "Ġadmin", "isters", ...	280	out of five cases, the suspects were relatives, friends or acquaintances. Education The Alaska Department of Education and Early Development administers many school districts in Alaska. In addition, the state operates a boarding school, Mt. Edgecumbe High School in Sitka, and provides partial funding for other board...
[ ",", "ĠCanada", ",", "Ġand", "Ġthe", "Ġlower", "Ġ48", ".", "Ġ", "ĠSome", "Ġprivate", "Ġcompanies", "Ġprovides", "Ġcar", "Ġfloat", "Ġservice", "Ġbetween", "ĠWh", "itt", "ier", "Ġand", "ĠSeattle", ".", "Ġ", "ĠMarine", "Ġtransport", "Ġ", "ĠMany", "Ġcities", ","...	281	, Canada, and the lower 48. Some private companies provides car float service between Whittier and Seattle. Marine transport Many cities, towns and villages in the state do not have road or highway access; the only modes of access involve travel by air, river, or the sea. Alaska's well-developed state-owned ferry s...
[ "Ġoperates", "Ġwhat", "Ġit", "Ġcalls", "Ġthe", "ĠAlaska", "ĠUnited", "ĠFiber", "ĠOpt", "ic", "Ġsystem", "Ġand", ",", "Ġas", "Ġof", "Ġlate", "Ġ2011", ",", "ĠAlaska", "ĠCommunications", "Ġadvertised", "Ġthat", "Ġit", "Ġhas", "Ġ\"", "two", "Ġfiber", "Ġoptic", "Ġp...	282	operates what it calls the Alaska United Fiber Optic system and, as of late 2011, Alaska Communications advertised that it has "two fiber optic paths to the lower 48 and two more across Alaska. In January 2011, it was reported that a $1 billion project to connect Asia and rural Alaska was being planned, aided in part ...
[ "Ġand", "Ġhas", "Ġdone", "Ġso", "Ġsince", "Ġstate", "hood", ".", "ĠRepublicans", "Ġhave", "Ġwon", "Ġthe", "Ġstate", "'s", "Ġelectoral", "Ġcollege", "Ġvotes", "Ġin", "Ġall", "Ġbut", "Ġone", "Ġelection", "Ġthat", "Ġit", "Ġhas", "Ġparticipated", "Ġin", "Ġ(", "196...	283	and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic nominee Lyndon B. Johnson during his landslide election in 1964,...
[ ",", "Ġdesert", "ification", ",", "Ġsoil", "Ġdegradation", "Ġand", "Ġglobal", "Ġwarming", ",", "Ġall", "Ġof", "Ġwhich", "Ġcan", "Ġcause", "Ġdecreases", "Ġin", "Ġcrop", "Ġyield", ".", "ĠGen", "etically", "Ġmodified", "Ġorganisms", "Ġare", "Ġwidely", "Ġused", ",",...	284	, desertification, soil degradation and global warming, all of which can cause decreases in crop yield. Genetically modified organisms are widely used, although some are banned in certain countries. Etymology and scope The word agriculture is a late Middle English adaptation of Latin , from 'field' and 'cultivatio...
[ "Ġfrom", "Ġte", "os", "int", "e", ")", "Ġinclude", "Ġsquash", ",", "Ġbeans", ",", "Ġand", "Ġcac", "ao", ".", "ĠCoc", "oa", "Ġwas", "Ġbeing", "Ġdomest", "icated", "Ġby", "Ġthe", "ĠMayo", "ĠCh", "inch", "ipe", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġupper", "ĠAmazon", "Ġaround",...	285	from teosinte) include squash, beans, and cacao. Cocoa was being domesticated by the Mayo Chinchipe of the upper Amazon around 3,000 BC. The turkey was probably domesticated in Mexico or the American Southwest. The Aztecs developed irrigation systems, formed terraced hillsides, fertilized their soil, and developed chi...
[ "Ġincreased", "Ġwater", "Ġpollution", ",", "Ġand", "Ġoften", "Ġinvolved", "Ġfarm", "Ġsubsidies", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġrecent", "Ġyears", "Ġthere", "Ġhas", "Ġbeen", "Ġa", "Ġbacklash", "Ġagainst", "Ġthe", "Ġenvironmental", "Ġeffects", "Ġof", "Ġconventional", "Ġagriculture", ...	286	increased water pollution, and often involved farm subsidies. In recent years there has been a backlash against the environmental effects of conventional agriculture, resulting in the organic, regenerative, and sustainable agriculture movements. One of the major forces behind this movement has been the European Union,...
[ "Ġdensity", "Ġgrows", ",", "Ġrequiring", "Ġthe", "Ġinput", "Ġof", "Ġnutrients", "Ġ(", "f", "ert", "il", "izer", "Ġor", "Ġmanure", ")", "Ġand", "Ġsome", "Ġmanual", "Ġpest", "Ġcontrol", ".", "ĠAnnual", "Ġcultivation", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġnext", "Ġphase", "Ġof", "...	287	density grows, requiring the input of nutrients (fertilizer or manure) and some manual pest control. Annual cultivation is the next phase of intensity in which there is no fallow period. This requires even greater nutrient and pest control inputs. Further industrialization led to the use of monocultures, when one cul...
[ "ĠP", "est", "Ġcontrol", "Ġincludes", "Ġthe", "Ġmanagement", "Ġof", "Ġweeds", ",", "Ġinsects", ",", "Ġm", "ites", ",", "Ġand", "Ġdiseases", ".", "ĠChemical", "Ġ(", "p", "estic", "ides", "),", "Ġbiological", "Ġ(", "bi", "oc", "ont", "rol", "),", "Ġmechanica...	288	Pest control includes the management of weeds, insects, mites, and diseases. Chemical (pesticides), biological (biocontrol), mechanical (tillage), and cultural practices are used. Cultural practices include crop rotation, culling, cover crops, intercropping, composting, avoidance, and resistance. Integrated pest manag...
[ "ĠThere", "Ġis", "Ġongoing", "Ġdiscussion", "Ġregarding", "Ġthe", "Ġlabeling", "Ġof", "Ġfoods", "Ġmade", "Ġfrom", "ĠGMOs", ",", "Ġand", "Ġwhile", "Ġthe", "ĠEU", "Ġcurrently", "Ġrequires", "Ġall", "ĠGMO", "Ġfoods", "Ġto", "Ġbe", "Ġlabeled", ",", "Ġthe", "ĠUS", ...	289	There is ongoing discussion regarding the labeling of foods made from GMOs, and while the EU currently requires all GMO foods to be labeled, the US does not. Herbicide-resistant seed has a gene implanted into its genome that allows the plants to tolerate exposure to herbicides, including glyphosate. These seeds allow...
[ "Ġand", "Ġproductivity", ",", "Ġis", "Ġestimated", "Ġto", "Ġbe", "Ġoccurring", "Ġon", "Ġ24", "%", "Ġof", "Ġland", "Ġworldwide", ",", "Ġwith", "Ġcro", "pl", "and", "Ġover", "represented", ".", "ĠLand", "Ġmanagement", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġdriving", "Ġfactor", "Ġbehi...	290	and productivity, is estimated to be occurring on 24% of land worldwide, with cropland overrepresented. Land management is the driving factor behind degradation; 1.5 billion people rely upon the degrading land. Degradation can be through deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, mineral depletion, acidification, o...
[ "Ġcarbon", "Ġsequest", "ration", ".", "ĠOther", "Ġpotential", "Ġpractices", "Ġinclude", "Ġconservation", "Ġagriculture", ",", "Ġag", "ro", "forest", "ry", ",", "Ġimproved", "Ġgrazing", ",", "Ġavoided", "Ġgrass", "land", "Ġconversion", ",", "Ġand", "Ġbio", "char", ...	291	carbon sequestration. Other potential practices include conservation agriculture, agroforestry, improved grazing, avoided grassland conversion, and biochar. Current mono-crop farming practices in the United States preclude widespread adoption of sustainable practices, such as 2-3 crop rotations that incorporate grass ...
[ "idis", "ciplinary", "Ġfield", "Ġof", "Ġbiology", "Ġthat", "Ġencompasses", "Ġthe", "Ġparts", "Ġof", "Ġexact", ",", "Ġnatural", ",", "Ġeconomic", "Ġand", "Ġsocial", "Ġsciences", "Ġused", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġpractice", "Ġand", "Ġunderstanding", "Ġof", "Ġagriculture", "...	292	idisciplinary field of biology that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic and social sciences used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. It covers topics such as agronomy, plant breeding and genetics, plant pathology, crop modelling, soil science, entomology, production techniques and improvemen...
[ "Ġfamous", "Ġnovel", "ĠBrave", "ĠNew", "ĠWorld", "Ġ(", "19", "32", ")", "Ġand", "Ġhis", "Ġfinal", "Ġnovel", "ĠIsland", "Ġ(", "19", "62", "),", "Ġhe", "Ġpresented", "Ġhis", "Ġvision", "Ġof", "Ġdystop", "ia", "Ġand", "Ġut", "opia", ",", "Ġrespectively", ".",...	293	famous novel Brave New World (1932) and his final novel Island (1962), he presented his vision of dystopia and utopia, respectively. Early life Huxley was born in Godalming, Surrey, England, in 1894. He was the third son of the writer and schoolmaster Leonard Huxley, who edited The Cornhill Magazine, and his first ...
[ "ĠEy", "eless", "Ġin", "ĠGaza", ").", "ĠIn", "ĠBrave", "ĠNew", "ĠWorld", ",", "Ġset", "Ġin", "Ġa", "Ġdystopian", "ĠLondon", ",", "ĠH", "ux", "ley", "Ġportrays", "Ġa", "Ġsociety", "Ġoperating", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "Ġprinciples", "Ġof", "Ġmass", "Ġproduction", "Ġan...	294	Eyeless in Gaza). In Brave New World, set in a dystopian London, Huxley portrays a society operating on the principles of mass production and Pavlovian conditioning. Huxley was strongly influenced by F. Matthias Alexander, and included him as a character in Eyeless in Gaza (1936). Beginning in this period, Huxley beg...
[ "ĠHuman", "ities", "Ġat", "Ġthe", "ĠMassachusetts", "ĠInstitute", "Ġof", "ĠTechnology", "Ġ(", "MIT", ").", "ĠAs", "Ġpart", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠMIT", "Ġcent", "ennial", "Ġprogram", "Ġof", "Ġevents", "Ġorganised", "Ġby", "Ġthe", "ĠDepartment", "Ġof", "ĠHuman", "ities...	295	Humanities at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). As part of the MIT centennial program of events organised by the Department of Humanities, Huxley presented a series of lectures titled, "What a Piece of Work is a Man" which concerned history, language, and art. Late-in-life perspectives Biographer Haro...
[ ".", "ĠHe", "Ġreported", "Ġthat", ",", "Ġfor", "Ġthe", "Ġfirst", "Ġtime", "Ġin", "Ġmore", "Ġthan", "Ġ25", "Ġyears", ",", "Ġhe", "Ġwas", "Ġable", "Ġto", "Ġread", "Ġwithout", "Ġglasses", "Ġand", "Ġwithout", "Ġstrain", ".", "ĠHe", "Ġeven", "Ġtried", "Ġdriving",...	296	. He reported that, for the first time in more than 25 years, he was able to read without glasses and without strain. He even tried driving a car along the dirt road beside the ranch. He wrote a book about his experiences with the Bates Method, The Art of Seeing, which was published in 1942 (U.S.), 1943 (UK). The book ...
[ "Ġthe", "ĠStanford", "ĠUniversity", "ĠLibraries", ".", "Ġ", "ĠOn", "Ġ9", "ĠApril", "Ġ1962", "ĠH", "ux", "ley", "Ġwas", "Ġinformed", "Ġhe", "Ġwas", "Ġelected", "ĠCompanion", "Ġof", "ĠLiterature", "Ġby", "Ġthe", "ĠRoyal", "ĠSociety", "Ġof", "ĠLiterature", ",", "...	297	the Stanford University Libraries. On 9 April 1962 Huxley was informed he was elected Companion of Literature by the Royal Society of Literature, the senior literary organisation in Britain, and he accepted the title via letter on 28 April 1962. The correspondence between Huxley and the society is kept at the Cambrid...
[ "Ġ.", "Ġ", "ĠPoll", "er", ",", "ĠJake", ".", "ĠAld", "ous", "ĠH", "ux", "ley", "Ġand", "ĠAlternative", "ĠSpirit", "uality", ",", "ĠBrill", ",", "Ġ2019", ".", "Ġ.", "Ġ", "ĠR", "olo", ",", "ĠCharles", "ĠJ", ".", "Ġ(", "ed", ".).", "ĠThe", "ĠWorld", "...	298	. Poller, Jake. Aldous Huxley and Alternative Spirituality, Brill, 2019. . Rolo, Charles J. (ed.). The World of Aldous Huxley, Grosset Universal Library, 1947. Shaw, Jeffrey M. Illusions of Freedom: Thomas Merton and Jacques Ellul on Technology and the Human Condition. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock. 2014. . Shadu...
[ ",", "Ġa", "Ġ1978", "ĠUS", "Ġbill", "Ġremoving", "Ġgovernmental", "Ġcontrol", "Ġfrom", "Ġcommercial", "Ġaviation", "Ġ", "ĠSchools", "Ġ", "Ġ", "ĠAda", ",", "Ġthe", "ĠNational", "ĠCollege", "Ġfor", "ĠDigital", "ĠSkills", ",", "Ġa", "Ġfurther", "Ġeducation", "Ġcoll...	299	, a 1978 US bill removing governmental control from commercial aviation Schools Ada, the National College for Digital Skills, a further education college in Tottenham Hale, London Ada High School (Ohio), Ada, Ohio Ada High School (Oklahoma), Ada, Oklahoma People Ada (name), a feminine given name and a surname, i...

[ "Ġwould", "Ġsee", "Ġthe", "Ġfuture", ",", "Ġno", "Ġone", "Ġwould", "Ġever", "Ġbelieve", "Ġher", "Ġprophe", "cies", ".", "Ġ", "ĠH", "est", "ia", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġgoddess", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġhear", "th", ",", "Ġrejected", "Ġboth", "ĠApollo", "'s", "Ġand", "ĠP...

200

would see the future, no one would ever believe her prophecies. Hestia, the goddess of the hearth, rejected both Apollo's and Poseidon's marriage proposals and swore that she would always stay unmarried. Female counterparts Artemis Artemis as the sister of Apollo, is thea apollousa, that is, she as a female divini...

[ "s", "ĠBCE", ",", "ĠApollo", "'s", "Ġfirst", "Ġtemple", "Ġat", "ĠRome", "Ġwas", "Ġestablished", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠFl", "amin", "ian", "Ġfields", ",", "Ġreplacing", "Ġan", "Ġolder", "Ġcult", "Ġsite", "Ġthere", "Ġknown", "Ġas", "Ġthe", "Ġ\"", "Ap", "oll", "in...

201

s BCE, Apollo's first temple at Rome was established in the Flaminian fields, replacing an older cult site there known as the "Apollinare". During the Second Punic War in 212 BCE, the Ludi Apollinares ("Apollonian Games") were instituted in his honor, on the instructions of a prophecy attributed to one Marcius. In the ...

[ "Ġputs", "Ġinto", "ĠApollo", "Ġthe", "Ġhighest", "Ġdegree", "Ġof", "Ġpower", "Ġand", "Ġbeauty", "Ġthat", "Ġcan", "Ġbe", "Ġimagined", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġsculpt", "ors", "Ġderived", "Ġthis", "Ġfrom", "Ġobservations", "Ġon", "Ġhuman", "Ġbeings", ",", "Ġbut", "Ġthey", ...

202

puts into Apollo the highest degree of power and beauty that can be imagined. The sculptors derived this from observations on human beings, but they also embodied in concrete form, issues beyond the reach of ordinary thought. The naked bodies of the statues are associated with the cult of the body that was essentiall...

[ "Ġmodern", "Ġfilms", "âĢĶ", "for", "Ġinstance", ",", "Ġby", "ĠKeith", "ĠDavid", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġ1997", "Ġanimated", "Ġfeature", "Ġfilm", "ĠHercules", ",", "Ġby", "ĠLuke", "ĠEvans", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġ2010", "Ġaction", "Ġfilm", "ĠClash", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠTitans"...

203

modern films—for instance, by Keith David in the 1997 animated feature film Hercules, by Luke Evans in the 2010 action film Clash of the Titans, and by Dimitri Lekkos in the 2010 film Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief. Video games Apollo has appeared in many modern video games. Apollo appears as a m...

[ "ĠPerse", "us", "ĠDigital", "ĠLibrary", ".", "Ġ", "ĠHomer", ";", "ĠThe", "ĠOdyssey", "Ġwith", "Ġan", "ĠEnglish", "ĠTranslation", "Ġby", "ĠA", ".", "T", ".", "ĠMurray", ",", "ĠPH", ".", "D", ".", "Ġin", "Ġtwo", "Ġvolumes", ".", "ĠCambridge", ",", "ĠMA", ...

204

Perseus Digital Library. Homer; The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Hyginus, Gaius Julius, De Astronomica, in The Myths of Hyginus, edited and trans...

[ "ĠKon", "stant", "ino", "ĠRam", "iot", "is", ";", "ĠBooks", "ĠVII", "âĢĵ", "V", "III", "Ġby", "ĠVas", "il", "iki", "ĠDog", "ani", ";", "ĠBooks", "ĠIX", "âĢĵ", "X", "Ġby", "ĠJonathan", "ĠAlexander", ";", "ĠBooks", "ĠXII", "âĢĵ", "X", "III", "Ġby", "ĠN...

205

Konstantino Ramiotis; Books VII–VIII by Vasiliki Dogani; Books IX–X by Jonathan Alexander; Books XII–XIII by Nikolaos Giallousis. Internet Archive). Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica, translated by J. H. Mozley, Loeb Classical Library No. 286. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann ...

[ "ok", "ovic", ",", "Ġwho", "Ġwon", "Ġhis", "Ġfifth", "Ġtitle", "Ġin", "Ġ2015", "Ġand", "Ġhas", "Ġsince", "Ġwon", "Ġthe", "Ġtournament", "Ġnine", "Ġtimes", ").", "ĠAg", "assi", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġsecond", "Ġof", "Ġfive", "Ġmen", "Ġto", "Ġachieve", "Ġthe", "Ġc...

206

okovic, who won his fifth title in 2015 and has since won the tournament nine times). Agassi is the second of five men to achieve the career Grand Slam in the Open Era and the fifth of eight overall to make the achievement. He is also the first of two men to achieve the career Golden Slam (career Grand Slam and Olympic...

[ "Ġcode", "Ġto", "Ġwhich", "Ġplayers", "Ġat", "Ġthe", "Ġevent", "Ġare", "Ġrequired", "Ġto", "Ġconform", ".", "Ġ", "ĠStrong", "Ġperformances", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "Ġtour", "Ġmeant", "Ġthat", "ĠAg", "assi", "Ġwas", "Ġquickly", "Ġtipped", "Ġas", "Ġa", "Ġfuture", "ĠGran...

207

code to which players at the event are required to conform. Strong performances on the tour meant that Agassi was quickly tipped as a future Grand Slam champion. While still a teenager, he reached the semi-finals of both the French Open and the US Open in 1988 and made the US Open semi-finals in 1989. He began the 19...

[ "Ġfinish", "Ġranked", "ĠNo", ".", "Ġ1", "Ġat", "Ġthe", "Ġyear", "-", "end", "Ġranking", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġterms", "Ġof", "Ġwin", "/", "loss", "Ġrecord", ",", "Ġ1995", "Ġwas", "ĠAg", "assi", "'s", "Ġbest", "Ġyear", ".", "ĠHe", "Ġwon", "Ġ73", "Ġand", "Ġlost"...

208

finish ranked No. 1 at the year-end ranking. In terms of win/loss record, 1995 was Agassi's best year. He won 73 and lost 9 matches, and was also once again a key player on the United States' Davis Cup winning team—the third and final Davis Cup title of his career. 1996 was a less successful year for Agassi, as he fa...

[ ",", "Ġbeating", "ĠSamp", "ras", "Ġin", "Ġa", "Ġfive", "-", "set", "Ġsemi", "-", "final", "Ġand", "ĠY", "ev", "gen", "y", "ĠKaf", "el", "nikov", "Ġin", "Ġa", "Ġfour", "-", "set", "Ġfinal", ".", "ĠHe", "Ġwas", "Ġthe", "Ġfirst", "Ġmale", "Ġplayer", "Ġt...

209

, beating Sampras in a five-set semi-final and Yevgeny Kafelnikov in a four-set final. He was the first male player to have reached four consecutive Grand Slam finals since Rod Laver achieved the Grand Slam in 1969. At the time, Agassi was also only the fourth player since Laver to be the reigning champion of three of...

[ "Ġto", "Ġreach", "Ġ800", "Ġcareer", "Ġwins", "Ġwith", "Ġhis", "Ġfirst", "-", "round", "Ġvictory", "Ġover", "ĠAlex", "ĠBog", "om", "ol", "ov", "Ġin", "ĠCountry", "wide", "ĠClassic", "Ġin", "ĠLos", "ĠAngeles", ".", "Ġ", "ĠAg", "assi", "'s", "Ġ2005", "Ġbegan"...

210

to reach 800 career wins with his first-round victory over Alex Bogomolov in Countrywide Classic in Los Angeles. Agassi's 2005 began with a quarterfinal loss to Federer at the Australian Open. Agassi had several other deep runs at tournaments, but had to withdraw from several events due to injury. He lost to Jarkko N...

[ "Ġyear", ".", "ĠThey", "Ġmet", "Ġfive", "Ġtimes", "Ġduring", "Ġthe", "Ġyear", ",", "Ġall", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġtitle", "Ġmatches", ",", "Ġincluding", "Ġthe", "ĠAustralian", "ĠOpen", ",", "Ġthe", "ĠNewsweek", "ĠChampions", "ĠCup", "Ġ(", "now", "ĠIndian", "ĠWells",...

211

year. They met five times during the year, all in the title matches, including the Australian Open, the Newsweek Champions Cup (now Indian Wells), the Lipton International Players Championships (now Miami Open), the Canadian Open, and the US Open. Agassi won three of the finals, including the Australian Open; however,...

[ "ĠThe", "Ġintensity", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġrivalry", "Ġpeaked", "Ġin", "Ġ1995", ".", "ĠBecker", "Ġwon", "Ġthat", "Ġyear", "'s", "ĠWim", "bledon", "Ġsemi", "-", "final", "Ġafter", "Ġbeing", "Ġdown", "Ġa", "Ġset", "Ġand", "Ġtwo", "Ġbreaks", ",", "Ġto", "Ġeventuall...

212

The intensity of the rivalry peaked in 1995. Becker won that year's Wimbledon semi-final after being down a set and two breaks, to eventually win in four sets. In a highly anticipated rematch in the US Open semi-final, this time it was Agassi who came out victorious in four tight sets. Their final match was played at ...

[ "ĠSan", "ĠJose", ",", "Ġbeating", "ĠJohn", "ĠMc", "En", "roe", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġfinal", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġfollowing", "Ġday", ",", "Ġhe", "Ġdefended", "Ġhis", "Ġtitle", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠC", "TC", "A", "ĠChampionships", ",", "Ġwhile", "Ġdefeating", "ĠCourier", ...

213

San Jose, beating John McEnroe in the final. The following day, he defended his title of the CTCA Championships, while defeating Courier in the decisive match. In the series season finale, he beat Michael Chang for the Acura Champions Cup. The series and Agassi came back to action in 2014. Agassi won both tournaments ...

[ ".", "ĠAfter", "Ġmeeting", "Ġchef", "ĠMichael", "ĠM", "ina", "Ġat", "Ġone", "Ġof", "Ġhis", "Ġrestaurants", "Ġin", "ĠSan", "ĠFrancisco", ",", "ĠAg", "assi", "Ġpartnered", "Ġwith", "Ġhim", "Ġin", "Ġ2002", "Ġto", "Ġstart", "ĠM", "ina", "ĠGroup", "ĠInc", ".", ...

214

. After meeting chef Michael Mina at one of his restaurants in San Francisco, Agassi partnered with him in 2002 to start Mina Group Inc. and opened 18 concept restaurants in San Francisco, San Jose, Dana Point, Atlantic City and Las Vegas. Agassi was an equity investor of a group that acquired Golden Nugget Las Vegas a...

[ "atic", "o", ",", "Ġand", "Ġthe", "Ġpublic", "Ġoutcry", "Ġonly", "Ġadds", "Ġspice", "Ġto", "Ġour", "Ġconnection", ".", "ĠIt", "Ġmakes", "Ġour", "Ġfriendship", "Ġfeel", "Ġforbidden", ",", "Ġtaboo", "ĠâĢĵ", "Ġanother", "Ġpiece", "Ġof", "Ġmy", "Ġoverall", "Ġrebel...

215

atico, and the public outcry only adds spice to our connection. It makes our friendship feel forbidden, taboo – another piece of my overall rebellion. Dating Barbra Streisand is like wearing Hot Lava." He was married to Brooke Shields from 1997 to 1999. He married Steffi Graf on October 22, 2001, at their Las Vegas h...

[ "Ġhelps", "Ġprofessional", "Ġathletes", "Ġget", "Ġinvolved", "Ġin", "Ġcharitable", "Ġcauses", "Ġand", "Ġaims", "Ġto", "Ġinspire", "Ġall", "Ġpeople", "Ġto", "Ġvolunteer", "Ġand", "Ġsupport", "Ġtheir", "Ġcommunities", ".", "ĠHe", "Ġcreated", "Ġthe", "ĠCanyon", "-", ...

216

helps professional athletes get involved in charitable causes and aims to inspire all people to volunteer and support their communities. He created the Canyon-Agassi Charter School Facilities Fund, now known as the Turner-Agassi Charter School Facilities Fund. The Fund is an investment initiative for social change, fo...

[ "Ġthroughout", "Ġparts", "Ġof", "ĠThailand", ",", "ĠIndia", ",", "ĠBangladesh", ",", "ĠNepal", ",", "Ġand", "Ġsouthern", "ĠChina", ".", "ĠThere", "Ġare", "Ġaround", "Ġ117", "Ġmillion", "Ġspeakers", "Ġof", "ĠAust", "ro", "asi", "atic", "Ġlanguages", ".", "ĠOf",...

217

throughout parts of Thailand, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and southern China. There are around 117 million speakers of Austroasiatic languages. Of these languages, only Vietnamese, Khmer, and Mon have a long-established recorded history. Only two have official status as modern national languages: Vietnamese in Vietnam a...

[ ").", "Ġ", "ĠDiff", "l", "oth", "Ġ(", "1974", ")", "ĠDiff", "l", "oth", "'s", "Ġwidely", "Ġcited", "Ġoriginal", "Ġclassification", ",", "Ġnow", "Ġabandoned", "Ġby", "ĠDiff", "l", "oth", "Ġhimself", ",", "Ġis", "Ġused", "Ġin", "ĠEn", "cyclop", "Ã¦", "d", ...

218

). Diffloth (1974) Diffloth's widely cited original classification, now abandoned by Diffloth himself, is used in Encyclopædia Britannica and—except for the breakup of Southern Mon–Khmer—in Ethnologue. Munda North Munda Korku Kherwarian South Munda Kharia–Juang Koraput Munda Mon–Khmer Eastern Mon–Khmer Khme...

[ ",", "Ġand", "Ġbelieve", "Ġthat", "Ġa", "ĠViet", "o", "-", "Kat", "u", "ic", "Ġconnection", "Ġis", "Ġworth", "Ġinvestigating", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġgeneral", ",", "Ġhowever", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġfamily", "Ġis", "Ġthought", "Ġto", "Ġhave", "Ġdivers", "ified", "Ġtoo", "...

219

, and believe that a Vieto-Katuic connection is worth investigating. In general, however, the family is thought to have diversified too quickly for a deeply nested structure to have developed, since Proto-Austroasiatic speakers are believed by Sidwell to have radiated out from the central Mekong river valley relatively...

[ "Ġto", "Ġ6", ",", "000", "ĠB", ".", "P", ".", "Ġ", "ĠSid", "well", "Ġ(", "20", "22", ")", "Ġproposes", "Ġthat", "Ġthe", "Ġloc", "us", "Ġof", "ĠProto", "-", "Aust", "ro", "asi", "atic", "Ġwas", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠRed", "ĠRiver", "ĠDelta", "Ġarea", "Ġa...

220

to 6,000 B.P. Sidwell (2022) proposes that the locus of Proto-Austroasiatic was in the Red River Delta area about 4,000-4,500 years before present, instead of the Middle Mekong as he had previously proposed. Austroasiatic dispersed coastal maritime routes and also upstream through river valleys. Khmuic, Palaungic, an...

[ "Ġsystems", "Ġ", "ĠOther", "Ġthan", "ĠLatin", "-", "based", "Ġal", "ph", "ab", "ets", ",", "Ġmany", "ĠAust", "ro", "asi", "atic", "Ġlanguages", "Ġare", "Ġwritten", "Ġwith", "Ġthe", "ĠKh", "mer", ",", "ĠThai", ",", "ĠLa", "o", ",", "Ġand", "ĠBur", "m", ...

221

systems Other than Latin-based alphabets, many Austroasiatic languages are written with the Khmer, Thai, Lao, and Burmese alphabets. Vietnamese divergently had an indigenous script based on Chinese logographic writing. This has since been supplanted by the Latin alphabet in the 20th century. The following are example...

[ "Ġin", "ĠIns", "ular", "ĠSoutheast", "ĠAsia", ".", "ĠEarly", "ĠAust", "ro", "asi", "atic", "Ġpeople", "Ġwere", "Ġfound", "Ġto", "Ġbe", "Ġbest", "Ġrepresented", "Ġby", "Ġthe", "ĠM", "lab", "ri", "Ġpeople", "Ġin", "Ġmodern", "Ġday", "ĠThailand", ".", "ĠPro", ...

222

in Insular Southeast Asia. Early Austroasiatic people were found to be best represented by the Mlabri people in modern day Thailand. Proposals for Austroasiatic substratum among later Austronesian languages in Western Indonesia, noteworthy among the Dayak languages, is strengthened by genetic data, suggesting Austroas...

[ "Ġrecent", "Ġpopulation", "Ġgenetic", "Ġstudies", ".", "ĠMon", "-", "Kh", "mer", "ĠStudies", ",", "Ġ37", ",", "Ġ1", "-", "14", ".", "Ġ", "ĠZ", "ide", ",", "ĠNorman", "ĠH", ".,", "Ġand", "ĠMilton", "ĠE", ".", "ĠBarker", ".", "Ġ(", "1966", ")", "ĠStudi...

223

recent population genetic studies. Mon-Khmer Studies, 37, 1-14. Zide, Norman H., and Milton E. Barker. (1966) Studies in Comparative Austroasiatic Linguistics, The Hague: Mouton (Indo-Iranian monographs, v. 5.). Further reading Mann, Noel, Wendy Smith and Eva Ujlakyova. 2009. Linguistic clusters of Mainland Sout...

[ "Ġproposed", "Ġits", "Ġadoption", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġdoing", "Ġso", ",", "ĠGreenberg", "Ġsought", "Ġto", "Ġemphasize", "Ġthe", "Ġfact", "Ġthat", "Ġ'", "Ham", "itic", "'", "Ġwas", "Ġnot", "Ġa", "Ġvalid", "Ġgroup", "Ġand", "Ġthat", "Ġlanguage", "Ġclad", "istics", "...

224

proposed its adoption. In doing so, Greenberg sought to emphasize the fact that 'Hamitic' was not a valid group and that language cladistics did not reflect race. Individual scholars have also called the family "Erythraean" (Tucker 1966) and "Lisramic" (Hodge 1972). In lieu of "Hamito-Semitic", the Russian linguist I...

[ "Ġmillion", "Ġpeople", "Ġin", "ĠEthiopia", ".", "ĠTig", "re", "Ġ(", "Semitic", "),", "Ġspoken", "Ġby", "Ġaround", "Ġ2", "Ġmillion", "Ġpeople", "Ġin", "ĠErit", "rea", ".", "ĠW", "ola", "itta", "Ġ(", "O", "m", "otic", "),", "Ġspoken", "Ġby", "Ġaround", "Ġ1...

225

million people in Ethiopia. Tigre (Semitic), spoken by around 2 million people in Eritrea. Wolaitta (Omotic), spoken by around 1.6 million people in Ethiopia. Maltese (Semitic), spoken by around half a million people in Malta and the Maltese diaspora. It descended from Siculo-Arabic independently from modern Arabic di...

[ "Ġa", "Ġmember", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠKh", "o", "isan", "Ġlanguages", ",", "Ġa", "Ġgrouping", "Ġthat", "Ġhas", "Ġsince", "Ġproven", "Ġinaccurate", "Ġand", "Ġexcessively", "Ġmotivated", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "Ġpresence", "Ġof", "Ġclick", "Ġsounds", ".", "ĠTo", "ĠKh", "o",...

226

a member of the Khoisan languages, a grouping that has since proven inaccurate and excessively motivated on the presence of click sounds. To Khoisan he also added the Tanzanian Hadza and Sandawe, though this view has been discredited as linguists working on these languages regard them as linguistic isolates. Despite t...

[ "Ġin", "ĠAfrica", "Ġidentified", "Ġby", "ĠJoseph", "ĠGreenberg", "Ġin", "Ġhis", "Ġbook", "ĠThe", "ĠLanguages", "Ġof", "ĠAfrica", "Ġ(", "1963", ").", "ĠIt", "Ġis", "Ġone", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġfew", "Ġwhose", "Ġspeech", "Ġarea", "Ġis", "Ġtrans", "continental", ",",...

227

in Africa identified by Joseph Greenberg in his book The Languages of Africa (1963). It is one of the few whose speech area is transcontinental, with languages from Afroasiatic's Semitic branch also spoken in the Middle East and Europe. There are no generally accepted relations between Afroasiatic and any other langu...

[ "ĠBe", "ja", "),", "Ġand", "ĠChad", "ic", "Ġsupport", "Ġpossess", "ive", "Ġsuffix", "es", ".", "Ġ", "ĠN", "is", "ba", "Ġderiv", "ation", "Ġin", "Ġ-", "j", "Ġ(", "ear", "lier", "ĠEgyptian", ")", "Ġor", "Ġ-", "Ä«", "Ġ(", "Semitic", ")", "Ġ", "ĠMorph", ...

228

Beja), and Chadic support possessive suffixes. Nisba derivation in -j (earlier Egyptian) or -ī (Semitic) Morphology in which words inflect by changes within the root (vowel changes or gemination) as well as with prefixes and suffixes. One of the most remarkable shared features among the Afroasiatic languages is the...

[ ".", "ĠLIN", "COM", ".", "ĠBom", "hard", ",", "ĠAlan", "ĠR", ".", "Ġ1996", ".", "ĠIndo", "-", "European", "Ġand", "Ġthe", "ĠNost", "r", "atic", "ĠHyp", "ot", "hesis", ".", "ĠSign", "um", ".", "ĠDi", "ak", "on", "off", ",", "ĠIgor", "ĠM", ".", "Ġ1...

229

. LINCOM. Bomhard, Alan R. 1996. Indo-European and the Nostratic Hypothesis. Signum. Diakonoff, Igor M. 1988. Afrasian Languages. Moscow: Nauka. Diakonoff, Igor M. 1996. "Some reflections on the Afrasian linguistic macrofamily." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 55, 293. Diakonoff, Igor M. 1998. "The earliest Semitic soc...

[ "ro", "-", "As", "i", "atic", "Ġand", "ĠSem", "itic", "Ġgene", "alog", "ical", "Ġtrees", ",", "Ġpresented", "Ġby", "ĠAlexander", "ĠMil", "it", "are", "v", "Ġat", "Ġhis", "Ġtalk", "Ġ\"", "Gene", "alog", "ical", "Ġclassification", "Ġof", "ĠAf", "ro", "-", ...

230

ro-Asiatic and Semitic genealogical trees, presented by Alexander Militarev at his talk "Genealogical classification of Afro-Asiatic languages according to the latest data" at the conference on the 70th anniversary of V.M. Illich-Svitych, Moscow, 2004; short annotations of the talks given there The prehistory of a di...

[ "Ġregions", "Ġwere", "Ġnot", "Ġadministered", "Ġby", "ĠMuslims", ",", "Ġbecause", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġgeographic", "Ġdifficulty", "Ġof", "Ġdirect", "Ġrule", ".", "Ġ", "ĠOther", "Ġtheories", "Ġsuggest", "Ġthat", "Ġthe", "Ġterm", "Ġderives", "Ġfrom", "Ġthe", "ĠNav", ...

231

regions were not administered by Muslims, because of the geographic difficulty of direct rule. Other theories suggest that the term derives from the Navarro-Aragonese "andurrial", which means "land covered with bushes" or "scrubland". The folk etymology holds that Charlemagne had named the region as a reference to t...

[ "ĠUr", "ge", "ll", ",", "Ġbased", "Ġin", "ĠSe", "u", "Ġd", "'", "Ur", "ge", "ll", ",", "Ġhas", "Ġbeen", "Ġco", "-", "pr", "ince", "Ġof", "ĠAnd", "or", "ra", ".", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġfirst", "Ġdocument", "Ġthat", "Ġmentions", "ĠAnd", "or", "ra", "Ġas", ...

232

Urgell, based in Seu d'Urgell, has been co-prince of Andorra. The first document that mentions Andorra as a territory is the Acta de Consagració i Dotació de la Catedral de la Seu d'Urgell (Deed of Consecration and Endowment of the Cathedral of La Seu d'Urgell). The document, dated 839, depicts the six old parishes o...

[ ".", "ĠAfter", "ĠHenry", "ĠIII", "Ġof", "ĠNav", "arre", "Ġbecame", "Ġking", "Ġof", "ĠFrance", ",", "Ġhe", "Ġissued", "Ġan", "Ġed", "ict", "Ġin", "Ġ16", "07", "Ġthat", "Ġestablished", "Ġthe", "Ġhead", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠFrench", "Ġstate", "Ġand", "Ġthe", "Ġbi...

233

. After Henry III of Navarre became king of France, he issued an edict in 1607 that established the head of the French state and the bishop of Urgell as co-princes of Andorra, a political arrangement that still holds. During 1617, communal councils form the sometent (popular militia or army) to deal with the rise of b...

[ "Ġthe", "Ġawakening", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġnational", "Ġconsciousness", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġcountry", ".", "ĠJac", "int", "ĠVerd", "agu", "er", "Ġlived", "Ġin", "ĠOrd", "ino", "Ġduring", "Ġthe", "Ġ1880", "s", "Ġwhere", "Ġhe", "Ġwrote", "Ġand", "Ġshared", "Ġworks", ...

234

the awakening of the national consciousness of the country. Jacint Verdaguer lived in Ordino during the 1880s where he wrote and shared works related to the Renaixença with writer and photographer, Joaquim de Riba. In 1848, Fromental Halévy had premiered the opera Le Val d'Andorre to great success in Europe, where th...

[ "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġlate", "Ġ1930", "s", ".", "ĠAll", "Ġin", "Ġall", ",", "Ġa", "Ġrenovated", "Ġhotel", "Ġindustry", "Ġhas", "Ġdeveloped", ".", "ĠIn", "ĠApril", "Ġ1968", "Ġa", "Ġsocial", "Ġhealth", "Ġinsurance", "Ġsystem", "Ġwas", "Ġcreated", "Ġ(", "C", "ASS", ...

235

in the late 1930s. All in all, a renovated hotel industry has developed. In April 1968 a social health insurance system was created (CASS). The Andorran government necessarily involved planning, projection and forecasts for the future: with the official visit of the French co-prince Charles de Gaulle in 1967 and 1969...

[ "ĠThe", "Ġcouncil", "Ġalso", "Ġapproves", "Ġthe", "Ġannual", "Ġbudget", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġprincip", "ality", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġgovernment", "Ġmust", "Ġsubmit", "Ġthe", "Ġproposed", "Ġbudget", "Ġfor", "Ġparliamentary", "Ġapproval", "Ġat", "Ġleast", "Ġtwo", "Ġmonths", "...

236

The council also approves the annual budget of the principality. The government must submit the proposed budget for parliamentary approval at least two months before the previous budget expires. If the budget is not approved by the first day of the next year, the previous budget is extended until a new one is approved...

[ "bodied", "Ġmen", "Ġremain", "Ġtechnically", "Ġavailable", "Ġfor", "Ġmilitary", "Ġservice", ",", "Ġwith", "Ġa", "Ġrequirement", "Ġfor", "Ġeach", "Ġfamily", "Ġto", "Ġhave", "Ġaccess", "Ġto", "Ġa", "Ġfirearm", ".", "ĠA", "Ġshotgun", "Ġper", "Ġhousehold", "Ġis", "Ġ...

237

bodied men remain technically available for military service, with a requirement for each family to have access to a firearm. A shotgun per household is unregulated. Rifles and pistols require a license. The army has not fought for more than 700 years, and its main responsibility is to present the flag of Andorra at of...

[ "Ġby", "Ġa", "Ġtemper", "ate", "Ġsummer", "Ġand", "Ġa", "Ġlong", "Ġand", "Ġcold", "Ġwinter", ",", "Ġin", "Ġaccordance", "Ġwith", "Ġthe", "Ġmountainous", "Ġcondition", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠPrinc", "ip", "ality", ".", "Ġ", "ĠEconomy", "Ġ", "ĠTourism", ",", "Ġthe",...

238

by a temperate summer and a long and cold winter, in accordance with the mountainous condition of the Principality. Economy Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 10.2 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by i...

[ "Ġup", "Ġto", "Ġsecondary", "Ġlevel", "Ġis", "Ġprovided", "Ġfree", "Ġof", "Ġcharge", "Ġby", "Ġthe", "Ġgovernment", ".", "Ġ", "ĠThere", "Ġare", "Ġthree", "Ġsystems", "Ġof", "Ġschool", ",", "ĠAnd", "or", "ran", ",", "ĠFrench", "Ġand", "ĠSpanish", ",", "Ġwhich"...

239

up to secondary level is provided free of charge by the government. There are three systems of school, Andorran, French and Spanish, which use Catalan, French and Spanish languages respectively, as the main language of instruction. Parents may choose which system their children attend. All schools are built and maint...

[ "Ġto", "Ġbroadcast", "Ġwas", "ĠRadio", "ĠAnd", "or", "ra", ",", "Ġwhich", "Ġwas", "Ġactive", "Ġfrom", "Ġ1939", "Ġto", "Ġ1981", ".", "ĠOn", "Ġ12", "ĠOctober", "Ġ1989", ",", "Ġthe", "ĠGeneral", "ĠCouncil", "Ġestablished", "Ġradio", "Ġand", "Ġtelevision", "Ġas", ...

240

to broadcast was Radio Andorra, which was active from 1939 to 1981. On 12 October 1989, the General Council established radio and television as essential public services creating and managing the entity ORTA, becoming on 13 April 2000, in the public company Ràdio i Televisió d'Andorra (RTVA). In 1990, the public radio...

[ "Ġlargest", "Ġand", "Ġmost", "Ġpopular", "Ġresort", ".", "ĠOther", "Ġpopular", "Ġsports", "Ġplayed", "Ġin", "ĠAnd", "or", "ra", "Ġinclude", "Ġfootball", ",", "Ġrugby", "Ġunion", ",", "Ġbasketball", ",", "Ġand", "Ġroller", "Ġhockey", ".", "Ġ", "ĠFor", "Ġroller"...

241

largest and most popular resort. Other popular sports played in Andorra include football, rugby union, basketball, and roller hockey. For roller hockey, Andorra usually plays in CERH Euro Cup and in FIRS Roller Hockey World Cup. In 2011, Andorra was the host country to the 2011 European League Final Eight. The count...

[ "ĠHistory", "Ġof", "ĠAnd", "or", "ra", ":", "ĠPrimary", "ĠDocuments", "Ġfrom", "ĠEuro", "Doc", "s", "Ġ", "ĠA", "ĠNew", "ĠPath", "Ġfor", "ĠAnd", "or", "ra", "ĠâĢĵ", "Ġslideshow", "Ġby", "ĠThe", "ĠNew", "ĠYork", "ĠTimes", "Ġ", "Ġ", "Ġ", "Ġ", "Ġ", "Ġ", ...

242

History of Andorra: Primary Documents from EuroDocs A New Path for Andorra – slideshow by The New York Times 1278 establishments in Europe Catalan Countries Christian states Countries in Europe Diarchies Duty-free zones of Europe French-speaking countries and territories Iberian Peninsula Important Bird Areas ...

[ "Ġand", "Ġarithmetic", "Ġaverage", "Ġare", "Ġequal", ".", "ĠFor", "Ġexample", ",", "Ġconsider", "Ġthe", "Ġdata", "Ġsample", "Ġ.", "ĠThe", "Ġaverage", "Ġis", "Ġ,", "Ġas", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġmedian", ".", "ĠHowever", ",", "Ġwhen", "Ġwe", "Ġconsider", "Ġa", "Ġsam...

243

and arithmetic average are equal. For example, consider the data sample . The average is , as is the median. However, when we consider a sample that cannot be arranged so as to increase arithmetically, such as , the median and arithmetic average can differ significantly. In this case, the arithmetic average is 6.2, wh...

[ "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠNational", "ĠFootball", "ĠLeague", "Ġ(", "NFL", "),", "Ġthe", "Ġhighest", "Ġprofessional", "Ġlevel", "Ġof", "ĠAmerican", "Ġfootball", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠUnited", "ĠStates", ".", "ĠThis", "Ġconference", "Ġcurrently", "Ġcontains", "Ġ16", "Ġteams", "Ġo...

244

of the National Football League (NFL), the highest professional level of American football in the United States. This conference currently contains 16 teams organized into 4 divisions, as does its counterpart, the National Football Conference (NFC). Both conferences were created as part of the 1970 merger between the ...

[ "Ġthe", "ĠTennessee", "ĠTitans", ".", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "ĠNFL", "Ġwould", "Ġagain", "Ġexpand", "Ġin", "Ġ2002", ",", "Ġadding", "Ġthe", "ĠHouston", "ĠTexans", "Ġto", "Ġthe", "ĠAFC", ".", "ĠWith", "Ġthe", "Ġexception", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġaforementioned", "Ġrel", "ocati...

245

the Tennessee Titans. The NFL would again expand in 2002, adding the Houston Texans to the AFC. With the exception of the aforementioned relocations since that time, the divisional setup has remained static ever since. Between 1995 and 2021, the AFC has sent only 9 of its 16 teams to the Super Bowl: New England Patr...

[ "Ġhe", "Ġcalls", "Ġfor", "Ġthe", "Ġoverthrow", "Ġof", "Ġhumans", "Ġand", "Ġteaches", "Ġthe", "Ġanimals", "Ġa", "Ġrevolutionary", "Ġsong", "Ġcalled", "Ġ\"", "Be", "asts", "Ġof", "ĠEngland", "\".", "ĠWhen", "ĠOld", "ĠMajor", "Ġdies", ",", "Ġtwo", "Ġyoung", "Ġpig...

246

he calls for the overthrow of humans and teaches the animals a revolutionary song called "Beasts of England". When Old Major dies, two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, assume command and stage a revolt, driving Mr. Jones off the farm and renaming the property "Animal Farm". They adopt the Seven Commandments of Anima...

[ "The", "ĠManor", "ĠFarm", "\".", "ĠThe", "Ġmen", "Ġand", "Ġpigs", "Ġstart", "Ġplaying", "Ġcards", ",", "Ġflattering", "Ġand", "Ġpraising", "Ġeach", "Ġother", "Ġwhile", "Ġcheating", "Ġat", "Ġthe", "Ġgame", ".", "ĠBoth", "ĠNapoleon", "Ġand", "ĠMr", ".", "ĠPil", ...

247

The Manor Farm". The men and pigs start playing cards, flattering and praising each other while cheating at the game. Both Napoleon and Mr. Pilkington, one of the farmers, play the Ace of Spades at the same time and both sides begin fighting loudly over who cheated first. When the animals outside look at the pigs and m...

[ "Ġbiscuits", "Ġand", "Ġpar", "aff", "in", "Ġwax", ",", "Ġbut", "Ġlater", "Ġhe", "Ġproc", "ures", "Ġlux", "uries", "Ġlike", "Ġalcohol", "Ġfor", "Ġthe", "Ġpigs", ".", "Ġ", "ĠEqu", "ines", "Ġ", "ĠBox", "er", "ĠâĢĵ", "ĠA", "Ġloyal", ",", "Ġkind", ",", "Ġde...

248

biscuits and paraffin wax, but later he procures luxuries like alcohol for the pigs. Equines Boxer – A loyal, kind, dedicated, extremely strong, hard-working, and respectable cart-horse, although quite naive and gullible. Boxer does a large share of the physical labour on the farm. He is shown to hold the belief tha...

[ "Ġexcuses", "Ġare", "Ġso", "Ġconvincing", "Ġand", "Ġshe", "Ġ\"", "p", "urred", "Ġso", "Ġaffection", "ately", "Ġthat", "Ġit", "Ġwas", "Ġimpossible", "Ġnot", "Ġto", "Ġbelieve", "Ġin", "Ġher", "Ġgood", "Ġintentions", ".\"", "ĠShe", "Ġhas", "Ġno", "Ġinterest", "Ġi...

249

excuses are so convincing and she "purred so affectionately that it was impossible not to believe in her good intentions." She has no interest in the politics of the farm, and the only time she is recorded as having participated in an election, she is found to have actually "voted on both sides." The ducks – Also un...

[ "Ġalways", "Ġfrom", "Ġa", "Ġreligious", "Ġor", "Ġfrankly", "Ġreactionary", "Ġangle", ".\"", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġpublisher", "ĠJonathan", "ĠCape", ",", "Ġwho", "Ġhad", "Ġinitially", "Ġaccepted", "ĠAnimal", "ĠFarm", ",", "Ġsubsequently", "Ġrejected", "Ġthe", "Ġbook", "Ġa...

250

always from a religious or frankly reactionary angle." The publisher Jonathan Cape, who had initially accepted Animal Farm, subsequently rejected the book after an official at the British Ministry of Information warned him off – although the civil servant who it is assumed gave the order was later found to be a Sovie...

[ "Ġbe", "Ġsimply", "Ġa", "Ġfairy", "Ġstory", ";", "Ġtoday", "Ġit", "Ġis", "Ġa", "Ġpolitical", "Ġsatire", "Ġwith", "Ġa", "Ġgood", "Ġdeal", "Ġof", "Ġpoint", ".\"", "ĠAnimal", "ĠFarm", "Ġhas", "Ġbeen", "Ġsubject", "Ġto", "Ġmuch", "Ġcomment", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġdec...

251

be simply a fairy story; today it is a political satire with a good deal of point." Animal Farm has been subject to much comment in the decades since these early remarks. The CIA, from 1952 to 1957 in Operation Aedinosaur, sent millions of balloons carrying copies of the novel into Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia,...

[ "Ġalleg", "ory", "Ġ", "ĠOrwell", "Ġbi", "ographer", "ĠJeffrey", "ĠMe", "yers", "Ġhas", "Ġwritten", ",", "Ġ\"", "virt", "ually", "Ġevery", "Ġdetail", "Ġhas", "Ġpolitical", "Ġsignificance", "Ġin", "Ġthis", "Ġalleg", "ory", ".\"", "ĠOrwell", "Ġhimself", "Ġwrote", ...

252

allegory Orwell biographer Jeffrey Meyers has written, "virtually every detail has political significance in this allegory." Orwell himself wrote in 1946, "Of course I intended it primarily as a satire on the Russian revolution ... [and] that kind of revolution (violent conspiratorial revolution, led by unconsciously...

[ "Ġdirected", "Ġby", "ĠRobert", "ĠIc", "ke", ",", "Ġdesigned", "Ġby", "ĠBunny", "ĠChristie", "Ġwith", "Ġpupp", "etry", "Ġdesigned", "Ġand", "Ġdirected", "Ġby", "ĠToby", "ĠO", "li", "Ã©", "Ġopened", "Ġat", "Ġthe", "ĠBirmingham", "ĠRe", "pert", "ory", "ĠTheatre",...

253

directed by Robert Icke, designed by Bunny Christie with puppetry designed and directed by Toby Olié opened at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre in January 2022 before touring the UK. Films Animal Farm has been adapted to film twice. Both differ from the novel and have been accused of taking significant liberties, inc...

[ "Ġbut", ",", "Ġalong", "Ġwith", "Ġmammals", "Ġand", "Ġbirds", ",", "Ġreptiles", "Ġare", "Ġam", "n", "iot", "es", "Ġand", "Ġdo", "Ġnot", "Ġrequire", "Ġwater", "Ġbodies", "Ġin", "Ġwhich", "Ġto", "Ġbreed", ".", "ĠWith", "Ġtheir", "Ġcomplex", "Ġreproductive", "Ġ...

254

but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic decline in amphibian populations for many species around the glo...

[ "Ġmodern", "Ġorders", "Ġare", "ĠAn", "ura", "Ġ(", "the", "Ġfrogs", "),", "ĠC", "aud", "ata", "Ġ(", "or", "ĠU", "rod", "ela", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġsal", "am", "anders", "),", "Ġand", "ĠGym", "n", "oph", "iona", "Ġ(", "or", "ĠAp", "oda", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġca"...

255

modern orders are Anura (the frogs), Caudata (or Urodela, the salamanders), and Gymnophiona (or Apoda, the caecilians). It has been suggested that salamanders arose separately from a Temnospondyl-like ancestor, and even that caecilians are the sister group of the advanced reptiliomorph amphibians, and thus of amniotes...

[ "n", "iotic", "Ġegg", ",", "Ġwhich", "Ġprevents", "Ġthe", "Ġdeveloping", "Ġembryo", "Ġfrom", "Ġdrying", "Ġout", ",", "Ġthat", "Ġenabled", "Ġthe", "Ġreptiles", "Ġto", "Ġreproduce", "Ġon", "Ġland", "Ġand", "Ġwhich", "Ġled", "Ġto", "Ġtheir", "Ġdominance", "Ġin", ...

256

niotic egg, which prevents the developing embryo from drying out, that enabled the reptiles to reproduce on land and which led to their dominance in the period that followed. After the Carboniferous rainforest collapse amphibian dominance gave way to reptiles, and amphibians were further devastated by the Permian–Tria...

[ "Ġfrom", "ĠNew", "ĠGuinea", "Ġ(", "P", "aed", "oph", "ry", "ne", "Ġam", "au", "ensis", ")", "Ġfirst", "Ġdiscovered", "Ġin", "Ġ2012", ".", "ĠIt", "Ġhas", "Ġan", "Ġaverage", "Ġlength", "Ġof", "Ġ", "Ġand", "Ġis", "Ġpart", "Ġof", "Ġa", "Ġgenus", "Ġthat", "...

257

from New Guinea (Paedophryne amauensis) first discovered in 2012. It has an average length of and is part of a genus that contains four of the world's ten smallest frog species. The largest living amphibian is the Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) but this is a great deal smaller than the largest amphibi...

[ "as", "ian", "Ġdistribution", ",", "Ġbeing", "Ġpresent", "Ġin", "Ġmuch", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠH", "olar", "ctic", "Ġregion", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġnorthern", "Ġhemisphere", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġfamily", "ĠPle", "th", "od", "ont", "idae", "Ġis", "Ġalso", "Ġfound", "Ġin", ...

258

asian distribution, being present in much of the Holarctic region of the northern hemisphere. The family Plethodontidae is also found in Central America and South America north of the Amazon basin; South America was apparently invaded from Central America by about the start of the Miocene, 23 million years ago. Urodela...

[ "Ġto", "Ġmammals", "Ġand", "Ġbirds", "Ġwhere", "Ġit", "Ġis", "Ġshed", "Ġin", "Ġflakes", ".", "ĠAmph", "ib", "ians", "Ġoften", "Ġeat", "Ġthe", "Ġsl", "oug", "hed", "Ġskin", ".", "ĠCa", "ec", "il", "ians", "Ġare", "Ġunique", "Ġamong", "Ġamphib", "ians", "Ġ...

259

to mammals and birds where it is shed in flakes. Amphibians often eat the sloughed skin. Caecilians are unique among amphibians in having mineralized dermal scales embedded in the dermis between the furrows in the skin. The similarity of these to the scales of bony fish is largely superficial. Lizards and some frogs h...

[ "ĠCertain", "Ġspecies", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠPle", "th", "od", "ont", "idae", "Ġhave", "Ġa", "Ġweak", "Ġzone", "Ġat", "Ġthe", "Ġbase", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġtail", "Ġand", "Ġuse", "Ġthis", "Ġstrategy", "Ġreadily", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġtail", "Ġoften", "Ġcontinues", "Ġto", ...

260

Certain species in the Plethodontidae have a weak zone at the base of the tail and use this strategy readily. The tail often continues to twitch after separation which may distract the attacker and allow the salamander to escape. Both tails and limbs can be regenerated. Adult frogs are unable to regrow limbs but tadpo...

[ ",", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġtail", ".", "Ġ", "ĠThere", "Ġare", "Ġtwo", "Ġkidneys", "Ġlocated", "Ġdors", "ally", ",", "Ġnear", "Ġthe", "Ġroof", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġbody", "Ġcavity", ".", "ĠTheir", "Ġjob", "Ġis", "Ġto", "Ġfilter", "Ġthe", "Ġblood", "Ġof", "Ġmetabolic...

261

, in the tail. There are two kidneys located dorsally, near the roof of the body cavity. Their job is to filter the blood of metabolic waste and transport the urine via ureters to the urinary bladder where it is stored before being passed out periodically through the cloacal vent. Larvae and most aquatic adult amphibi...

[ "Ġfertil", "isation", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġmale", "Ġgr", "as", "ps", "Ġthe", "Ġfemale", "Ġtightly", "Ġwith", "Ġhis", "Ġfore", "lim", "bs", "Ġeither", "Ġbehind", "Ġthe", "Ġarms", "Ġor", "Ġin", "Ġfront", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġback", "Ġlegs", ",", "Ġor", "Ġin", "Ġthe", ...

262

fertilisation. The male grasps the female tightly with his forelimbs either behind the arms or in front of the back legs, or in the case of Epipedobates tricolor, around the neck. They remain in amplexus with their cloacae positioned close together while the female lays the eggs and the male covers them with sperm. Ro...

[ "Ġbur", "rows", "Ġnear", "Ġstreams", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġamphib", "ious", "Ġsal", "am", "ander", "ĠEns", "at", "ina", "Ġattaches", "Ġits", "Ġsimilar", "Ġclusters", "Ġby", "Ġst", "alks", "Ġto", "Ġunderwater", "Ġstems", "Ġand", "Ġroots", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġgreenhouse", ...

263

burrows near streams. The amphibious salamander Ensatina attaches its similar clusters by stalks to underwater stems and roots. The greenhouse frog (Eleutherodactylus planirostris) lays eggs in small groups in the soil where they develop in about two weeks directly into juvenile frogs without an intervening larval sta...

[ "Ġnetworks", "Ġsuch", "Ġas", "Ġdevelopment", "Ġof", "Ġstere", "oscopic", "Ġvision", "Ġand", "Ġloss", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġlateral", "Ġline", "Ġsystem", ".", "ĠAll", "Ġthis", "Ġcan", "Ġhappen", "Ġin", "Ġabout", "Ġa", "Ġday", ".", "ĠA", "Ġfew", "Ġdays", "Ġlater", ...

264

networks such as development of stereoscopic vision and loss of the lateral line system. All this can happen in about a day. A few days later, the tail is reabsorbed, due to the higher thyroxine concentration required for this to take place. Salamanders At hatching, a typical salamander larva has eyes without lids,...

[ "il", "ians", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġyoung", "Ġare", "Ġproduced", "Ġby", "Ġv", "iv", "ip", "arity", ".", "ĠTyph", "lon", "ect", "es", "Ġcompress", "ic", "aud", "a", ",", "Ġa", "Ġspecies", "Ġfrom", "ĠSouth", "ĠAmerica", ",", "Ġis", "Ġtypical", "Ġof", "Ġthese", ...

265

ilians, the young are produced by viviparity. Typhlonectes compressicauda, a species from South America, is typical of these. Up to nine larvae can develop in the oviduct at any one time. They are elongated and have paired sac-like gills, small eyes and specialised scraping teeth. At first, they feed on the yolks of th...

[ "-", "armed", "Ġchromosomes", ".", "ĠAmph", "ib", "ians", "Ġhave", "Ġalso", "Ġvery", "Ġlarge", "Ġgenomes", "Ġcompared", "Ġto", "Ġother", "Ġtax", "a", "Ġof", "Ġverte", "brates", "Ġand", "Ġcorresponding", "Ġvariation", "Ġin", "Ġgenome", "Ġsize", "Ġ(", "C", "-", ...

266

-armed chromosomes. Amphibians have also very large genomes compared to other taxa of vertebrates and corresponding variation in genome size (C-value: picograms of DNA in haploid nuclei). The genome sizes range from 0.95 to 11.5 pg in frogs, from 13.89 to 120.56 pg in salamanders, and from 2.94 to 11.78 pg in caecilian...

[ "Ġstudied", ".", "ĠA", "Ġclicking", "Ġsound", "Ġsometimes", "Ġproduced", "Ġby", "Ġca", "ec", "il", "ians", "Ġmay", "Ġbe", "Ġa", "Ġmeans", "Ġof", "Ġorientation", ",", "Ġas", "Ġin", "Ġbats", ",", "Ġor", "Ġa", "Ġform", "Ġof", "Ġcommunication", ".", "ĠMost", "...

267

studied. A clicking sound sometimes produced by caecilians may be a means of orientation, as in bats, or a form of communication. Most salamanders are considered voiceless, but the California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus) has vocal cords and can produce a rattling or barking sound. Some species of salamander ...

[ "Ġfrogs", "Ġ(", "X", "en", "opus", "Ġla", "ev", "is", "),", "Ġwhich", "Ġgives", "Ġthe", "Ġfrogs", "Ġan", "Ġopportunity", "Ġto", "Ġescape", ".", "ĠCa", "ec", "il", "ians", "Ġhave", "Ġbeen", "Ġlittle", "Ġstudied", "Ġin", "Ġthis", "Ġrespect", ",", "Ġbut", "...

268

frogs (Xenopus laevis), which gives the frogs an opportunity to escape. Caecilians have been little studied in this respect, but the Cayenne caecilian (Typhlonectes compressicauda) produces toxic mucus that has killed predatory fish in a feeding experiment in Brazil. In some salamanders, the skin is poisonous. The rou...

[ ",", "024", "Ġtimes", "Ġhigher", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġ2006", ",", "Ġthere", "Ġwere", "Ġbelieved", "Ġto", "Ġbe", "Ġ4", ",", "035", "Ġspecies", "Ġof", "Ġamphib", "ians", "Ġthat", "Ġdepended", "Ġon", "Ġwater", "Ġat", "Ġsome", "Ġstage", "Ġduring", "Ġtheir", "Ġlife", ...

269

,024 times higher. In 2006, there were believed to be 4,035 species of amphibians that depended on water at some stage during their life cycle. Of these, 1,356 (33.6%) were considered to be threatened and this figure is likely to be an underestimate because it excludes 1,427 species for which there was insufficient dat...

[ "Ġof", "ĠAlaska", "'s", "Ġresidents", "Ġlive", "Ġwithin", "Ġthe", "ĠAnchorage", "Ġmetropolitan", "Ġarea", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġstate", "Ġcapital", "Ġof", "ĠJune", "au", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġsecond", "-", "largest", "Ġcity", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠUnited", "ĠStates", "Ġby", "Ġ...

270

of Alaska's residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area. The state capital of Juneau is the second-largest city in the United States by area, comprising more territory than the states of Rhode Island and Delaware. The former capital of Alaska, Sitka, is the largest U.S. city by area. Alaska was occupied by ...

[ "ĠK", "oy", "uk", "ĠRiver", ".", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġfirst", "ĠEuropean", "Ġvessel", "Ġto", "Ġreach", "ĠAlaska", "Ġis", "Ġgenerally", "Ġheld", "Ġto", "Ġbe", "Ġthe", "ĠSt", ".", "ĠGabriel", "Ġunder", "Ġthe", "Ġauthority", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġsurvey", "or", "ĠM", "....

271

Koyuk River. The first European vessel to reach Alaska is generally held to be the St. Gabriel under the authority of the surveyor M. S. Gvozdev and assistant navigator I. Fyodorov on August 21, 1732, during an expedition of Siberian Cossack A. F. Shestakov and Russian explorer Dmitry Pavlutsky (1729–1735). Another E...

[ "Ġ7", ",", "Ġ1958", ";", "ĠAlaska", "Ġwas", "Ġofficially", "Ġproclaimed", "Ġa", "Ġstate", "Ġon", "ĠJanuary", "Ġ3", ",", "Ġ1959", ".", "Ġ", "ĠGood", "ĠFriday", "Ġearthquake", "Ġ", "ĠOn", "ĠMarch", "Ġ27", ",", "Ġ1964", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġmassive", "ĠGood", "ĠFri...

272

7, 1958; Alaska was officially proclaimed a state on January 3, 1959. Good Friday earthquake On March 27, 1964, the massive Good Friday earthquake killed 133 people and destroyed several villages and portions of large coastal communities, mainly by the resultant tsunamis and landslides. It was the second-most-powerf...

[ "ĠAlaska", "'s", "Ġlargest", "Ġcity", ".", "ĠThe", "ĠAlaska", "ĠMarine", "ĠHighway", "Ġprovides", "Ġa", "Ġvital", "Ġsurface", "Ġtransportation", "Ġlink", "Ġthroughout", "Ġthe", "Ġarea", "Ġand", "Ġcountry", ",", "Ġas", "Ġonly", "Ġthree", "Ġcommunities", "Ġ(", "H", ...

273

Alaska's largest city. The Alaska Marine Highway provides a vital surface transportation link throughout the area and country, as only three communities (Haines, Hyder and Skagway) enjoy direct connections to the contiguous North American road system. Interior The Interior is the largest region of Alaska; much of it...

[ "Ġnot", "Ġpart", "Ġof", "Ġany", "Ġborough", "Ġis", "Ġreferred", "Ġto", "Ġas", "Ġthe", "ĠUn", "organized", "ĠBorough", ".", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "ĠUn", "organized", "ĠBorough", "Ġhas", "Ġno", "Ġgovernment", "Ġof", "Ġits", "Ġown", ",", "Ġbut", "Ġthe", "ĠU", ".", "S"...

274

not part of any borough is referred to as the Unorganized Borough. The Unorganized Borough has no government of its own, but the U.S. Census Bureau in cooperation with the state divided the Unorganized Borough into 11 census areas solely for the purposes of statistical analysis and presentation. A recording district ...

[ ".", "ĠSome", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġhighest", "Ġand", "Ġlowest", "Ġtemperatures", "Ġin", "ĠAlaska", "Ġoccur", "Ġaround", "Ġthe", "Ġarea", "Ġnear", "ĠFair", "banks", ".", "ĠThe", "Ġsummers", "Ġmay", "Ġhave", "Ġtemperatures", "Ġreaching", "Ġinto", "Ġthe", "Ġ90", "s", ...

275

. Some of the highest and lowest temperatures in Alaska occur around the area near Fairbanks. The summers may have temperatures reaching into the 90s °F (the low-to-mid 30s °C), while in the winter, the temperature can fall below . Precipitation is sparse in the Interior, often less than a year, but what precipitation...

[ "Ġone", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġstate", "'s", "Ġ20", "Ġindigenous", "Ġlanguages", ",", "Ġknown", "Ġlocally", "Ġas", "Ġ\"", "native", "Ġlanguages", "\".", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "ĠAlaska", "ĠNative", "ĠLanguage", "ĠCenter", "Ġat", "Ġthe", "ĠUniversity", "Ġof", "ĠAlaska", "ĠFair",...

276

one of the state's 20 indigenous languages, known locally as "native languages". The Alaska Native Language Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks claims that at least 20 Alaskan native languages exist and there are also some languages with different dialects. Most of Alaska's native languages belong to either ...

[ ",", "Ġvegetables", ",", "Ġand", "Ġlivestock", ".", "ĠManufacturing", "Ġis", "Ġlimited", ",", "Ġwith", "Ġmost", "Ġfood", "st", "uffs", "Ġand", "Ġgeneral", "Ġgoods", "Ġimported", "Ġfrom", "Ġelsewhere", ".", "Ġ", "ĠEmployment", "Ġis", "Ġprimarily", "Ġin", "Ġgovern...

277

, vegetables, and livestock. Manufacturing is limited, with most foodstuffs and general goods imported from elsewhere. Employment is primarily in government and industries such as natural resource extraction, shipping, and transportation. Military bases are a significant component of the economy in the Fairbanks North...

[ "ĠPermanent", "ĠFund", "Ġis", "Ġoften", "Ġconsidered", "Ġto", "Ġbe", "Ġone", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġleading", "Ġexamples", "Ġof", "Ġa", "Ġbasic", "Ġincome", "Ġpolicy", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġworld", ".", "Ġ", "ĠCost", "Ġof", "Ġliving", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "Ġcost", "Ġof", "Ġgoo...

278

Permanent Fund is often considered to be one of the leading examples of a basic income policy in the world. Cost of living The cost of goods in Alaska has long been higher than in the contiguous 48 states. Federal government employees, particularly United States Postal Service (USPS) workers and active-duty military...

[ "Ġpeople", ".", "ĠThe", "ĠAlaska", "ĠNative", "ĠArts", "ĠFoundation", "Ġpromotes", "Ġand", "Ġmarkets", "ĠNative", "Ġart", "Ġfrom", "Ġall", "Ġregions", "Ġand", "Ġcultures", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "ĠState", ",", "Ġusing", "Ġthe", "Ġinternet", ".", "Ġ", "ĠMusic", "Ġ", "Ġ...

279

people. The Alaska Native Arts Foundation promotes and markets Native art from all regions and cultures in the State, using the internet. Music Influences on music in Alaska include the traditional music of Alaska Natives as well as folk music brought by later immigrants from Russia and Europe. Prominent musicians f...

[ "Ġout", "Ġof", "Ġfive", "Ġcases", ",", "Ġthe", "Ġsuspects", "Ġwere", "Ġrelatives", ",", "Ġfriends", "Ġor", "Ġacquaintances", ".", "Ġ", "ĠEducation", "Ġ", "ĠThe", "ĠAlaska", "ĠDepartment", "Ġof", "ĠEducation", "Ġand", "ĠEarly", "ĠDevelopment", "Ġadmin", "isters", ...

280

out of five cases, the suspects were relatives, friends or acquaintances. Education The Alaska Department of Education and Early Development administers many school districts in Alaska. In addition, the state operates a boarding school, Mt. Edgecumbe High School in Sitka, and provides partial funding for other board...

[ ",", "ĠCanada", ",", "Ġand", "Ġthe", "Ġlower", "Ġ48", ".", "Ġ", "ĠSome", "Ġprivate", "Ġcompanies", "Ġprovides", "Ġcar", "Ġfloat", "Ġservice", "Ġbetween", "ĠWh", "itt", "ier", "Ġand", "ĠSeattle", ".", "Ġ", "ĠMarine", "Ġtransport", "Ġ", "ĠMany", "Ġcities", ","...

281

, Canada, and the lower 48. Some private companies provides car float service between Whittier and Seattle. Marine transport Many cities, towns and villages in the state do not have road or highway access; the only modes of access involve travel by air, river, or the sea. Alaska's well-developed state-owned ferry s...

[ "Ġoperates", "Ġwhat", "Ġit", "Ġcalls", "Ġthe", "ĠAlaska", "ĠUnited", "ĠFiber", "ĠOpt", "ic", "Ġsystem", "Ġand", ",", "Ġas", "Ġof", "Ġlate", "Ġ2011", ",", "ĠAlaska", "ĠCommunications", "Ġadvertised", "Ġthat", "Ġit", "Ġhas", "Ġ\"", "two", "Ġfiber", "Ġoptic", "Ġp...

282

operates what it calls the Alaska United Fiber Optic system and, as of late 2011, Alaska Communications advertised that it has "two fiber optic paths to the lower 48 and two more across Alaska. In January 2011, it was reported that a $1 billion project to connect Asia and rural Alaska was being planned, aided in part ...

[ "Ġand", "Ġhas", "Ġdone", "Ġso", "Ġsince", "Ġstate", "hood", ".", "ĠRepublicans", "Ġhave", "Ġwon", "Ġthe", "Ġstate", "'s", "Ġelectoral", "Ġcollege", "Ġvotes", "Ġin", "Ġall", "Ġbut", "Ġone", "Ġelection", "Ġthat", "Ġit", "Ġhas", "Ġparticipated", "Ġin", "Ġ(", "196...

283

and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic nominee Lyndon B. Johnson during his landslide election in 1964,...

[ ",", "Ġdesert", "ification", ",", "Ġsoil", "Ġdegradation", "Ġand", "Ġglobal", "Ġwarming", ",", "Ġall", "Ġof", "Ġwhich", "Ġcan", "Ġcause", "Ġdecreases", "Ġin", "Ġcrop", "Ġyield", ".", "ĠGen", "etically", "Ġmodified", "Ġorganisms", "Ġare", "Ġwidely", "Ġused", ",",...

284

, desertification, soil degradation and global warming, all of which can cause decreases in crop yield. Genetically modified organisms are widely used, although some are banned in certain countries. Etymology and scope The word agriculture is a late Middle English adaptation of Latin , from 'field' and 'cultivatio...

[ "Ġfrom", "Ġte", "os", "int", "e", ")", "Ġinclude", "Ġsquash", ",", "Ġbeans", ",", "Ġand", "Ġcac", "ao", ".", "ĠCoc", "oa", "Ġwas", "Ġbeing", "Ġdomest", "icated", "Ġby", "Ġthe", "ĠMayo", "ĠCh", "inch", "ipe", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "Ġupper", "ĠAmazon", "Ġaround",...

285

from teosinte) include squash, beans, and cacao. Cocoa was being domesticated by the Mayo Chinchipe of the upper Amazon around 3,000 BC. The turkey was probably domesticated in Mexico or the American Southwest. The Aztecs developed irrigation systems, formed terraced hillsides, fertilized their soil, and developed chi...

[ "Ġincreased", "Ġwater", "Ġpollution", ",", "Ġand", "Ġoften", "Ġinvolved", "Ġfarm", "Ġsubsidies", ".", "ĠIn", "Ġrecent", "Ġyears", "Ġthere", "Ġhas", "Ġbeen", "Ġa", "Ġbacklash", "Ġagainst", "Ġthe", "Ġenvironmental", "Ġeffects", "Ġof", "Ġconventional", "Ġagriculture", ...

286

increased water pollution, and often involved farm subsidies. In recent years there has been a backlash against the environmental effects of conventional agriculture, resulting in the organic, regenerative, and sustainable agriculture movements. One of the major forces behind this movement has been the European Union,...

[ "Ġdensity", "Ġgrows", ",", "Ġrequiring", "Ġthe", "Ġinput", "Ġof", "Ġnutrients", "Ġ(", "f", "ert", "il", "izer", "Ġor", "Ġmanure", ")", "Ġand", "Ġsome", "Ġmanual", "Ġpest", "Ġcontrol", ".", "ĠAnnual", "Ġcultivation", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġnext", "Ġphase", "Ġof", "...

287

density grows, requiring the input of nutrients (fertilizer or manure) and some manual pest control. Annual cultivation is the next phase of intensity in which there is no fallow period. This requires even greater nutrient and pest control inputs. Further industrialization led to the use of monocultures, when one cul...

[ "ĠP", "est", "Ġcontrol", "Ġincludes", "Ġthe", "Ġmanagement", "Ġof", "Ġweeds", ",", "Ġinsects", ",", "Ġm", "ites", ",", "Ġand", "Ġdiseases", ".", "ĠChemical", "Ġ(", "p", "estic", "ides", "),", "Ġbiological", "Ġ(", "bi", "oc", "ont", "rol", "),", "Ġmechanica...

288

Pest control includes the management of weeds, insects, mites, and diseases. Chemical (pesticides), biological (biocontrol), mechanical (tillage), and cultural practices are used. Cultural practices include crop rotation, culling, cover crops, intercropping, composting, avoidance, and resistance. Integrated pest manag...

[ "ĠThere", "Ġis", "Ġongoing", "Ġdiscussion", "Ġregarding", "Ġthe", "Ġlabeling", "Ġof", "Ġfoods", "Ġmade", "Ġfrom", "ĠGMOs", ",", "Ġand", "Ġwhile", "Ġthe", "ĠEU", "Ġcurrently", "Ġrequires", "Ġall", "ĠGMO", "Ġfoods", "Ġto", "Ġbe", "Ġlabeled", ",", "Ġthe", "ĠUS", ...

289

There is ongoing discussion regarding the labeling of foods made from GMOs, and while the EU currently requires all GMO foods to be labeled, the US does not. Herbicide-resistant seed has a gene implanted into its genome that allows the plants to tolerate exposure to herbicides, including glyphosate. These seeds allow...

[ "Ġand", "Ġproductivity", ",", "Ġis", "Ġestimated", "Ġto", "Ġbe", "Ġoccurring", "Ġon", "Ġ24", "%", "Ġof", "Ġland", "Ġworldwide", ",", "Ġwith", "Ġcro", "pl", "and", "Ġover", "represented", ".", "ĠLand", "Ġmanagement", "Ġis", "Ġthe", "Ġdriving", "Ġfactor", "Ġbehi...

290

and productivity, is estimated to be occurring on 24% of land worldwide, with cropland overrepresented. Land management is the driving factor behind degradation; 1.5 billion people rely upon the degrading land. Degradation can be through deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, mineral depletion, acidification, o...

[ "Ġcarbon", "Ġsequest", "ration", ".", "ĠOther", "Ġpotential", "Ġpractices", "Ġinclude", "Ġconservation", "Ġagriculture", ",", "Ġag", "ro", "forest", "ry", ",", "Ġimproved", "Ġgrazing", ",", "Ġavoided", "Ġgrass", "land", "Ġconversion", ",", "Ġand", "Ġbio", "char", ...

291

carbon sequestration. Other potential practices include conservation agriculture, agroforestry, improved grazing, avoided grassland conversion, and biochar. Current mono-crop farming practices in the United States preclude widespread adoption of sustainable practices, such as 2-3 crop rotations that incorporate grass ...

[ "idis", "ciplinary", "Ġfield", "Ġof", "Ġbiology", "Ġthat", "Ġencompasses", "Ġthe", "Ġparts", "Ġof", "Ġexact", ",", "Ġnatural", ",", "Ġeconomic", "Ġand", "Ġsocial", "Ġsciences", "Ġused", "Ġin", "Ġthe", "Ġpractice", "Ġand", "Ġunderstanding", "Ġof", "Ġagriculture", "...

292

idisciplinary field of biology that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic and social sciences used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. It covers topics such as agronomy, plant breeding and genetics, plant pathology, crop modelling, soil science, entomology, production techniques and improvemen...

[ "Ġfamous", "Ġnovel", "ĠBrave", "ĠNew", "ĠWorld", "Ġ(", "19", "32", ")", "Ġand", "Ġhis", "Ġfinal", "Ġnovel", "ĠIsland", "Ġ(", "19", "62", "),", "Ġhe", "Ġpresented", "Ġhis", "Ġvision", "Ġof", "Ġdystop", "ia", "Ġand", "Ġut", "opia", ",", "Ġrespectively", ".",...

293

famous novel Brave New World (1932) and his final novel Island (1962), he presented his vision of dystopia and utopia, respectively. Early life Huxley was born in Godalming, Surrey, England, in 1894. He was the third son of the writer and schoolmaster Leonard Huxley, who edited The Cornhill Magazine, and his first ...

[ "ĠEy", "eless", "Ġin", "ĠGaza", ").", "ĠIn", "ĠBrave", "ĠNew", "ĠWorld", ",", "Ġset", "Ġin", "Ġa", "Ġdystopian", "ĠLondon", ",", "ĠH", "ux", "ley", "Ġportrays", "Ġa", "Ġsociety", "Ġoperating", "Ġon", "Ġthe", "Ġprinciples", "Ġof", "Ġmass", "Ġproduction", "Ġan...

294

Eyeless in Gaza). In Brave New World, set in a dystopian London, Huxley portrays a society operating on the principles of mass production and Pavlovian conditioning. Huxley was strongly influenced by F. Matthias Alexander, and included him as a character in Eyeless in Gaza (1936). Beginning in this period, Huxley beg...

[ "ĠHuman", "ities", "Ġat", "Ġthe", "ĠMassachusetts", "ĠInstitute", "Ġof", "ĠTechnology", "Ġ(", "MIT", ").", "ĠAs", "Ġpart", "Ġof", "Ġthe", "ĠMIT", "Ġcent", "ennial", "Ġprogram", "Ġof", "Ġevents", "Ġorganised", "Ġby", "Ġthe", "ĠDepartment", "Ġof", "ĠHuman", "ities...

295

Humanities at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). As part of the MIT centennial program of events organised by the Department of Humanities, Huxley presented a series of lectures titled, "What a Piece of Work is a Man" which concerned history, language, and art. Late-in-life perspectives Biographer Haro...

[ ".", "ĠHe", "Ġreported", "Ġthat", ",", "Ġfor", "Ġthe", "Ġfirst", "Ġtime", "Ġin", "Ġmore", "Ġthan", "Ġ25", "Ġyears", ",", "Ġhe", "Ġwas", "Ġable", "Ġto", "Ġread", "Ġwithout", "Ġglasses", "Ġand", "Ġwithout", "Ġstrain", ".", "ĠHe", "Ġeven", "Ġtried", "Ġdriving",...

296

. He reported that, for the first time in more than 25 years, he was able to read without glasses and without strain. He even tried driving a car along the dirt road beside the ranch. He wrote a book about his experiences with the Bates Method, The Art of Seeing, which was published in 1942 (U.S.), 1943 (UK). The book ...

[ "Ġthe", "ĠStanford", "ĠUniversity", "ĠLibraries", ".", "Ġ", "ĠOn", "Ġ9", "ĠApril", "Ġ1962", "ĠH", "ux", "ley", "Ġwas", "Ġinformed", "Ġhe", "Ġwas", "Ġelected", "ĠCompanion", "Ġof", "ĠLiterature", "Ġby", "Ġthe", "ĠRoyal", "ĠSociety", "Ġof", "ĠLiterature", ",", "...

297

the Stanford University Libraries. On 9 April 1962 Huxley was informed he was elected Companion of Literature by the Royal Society of Literature, the senior literary organisation in Britain, and he accepted the title via letter on 28 April 1962. The correspondence between Huxley and the society is kept at the Cambrid...

[ "Ġ.", "Ġ", "ĠPoll", "er", ",", "ĠJake", ".", "ĠAld", "ous", "ĠH", "ux", "ley", "Ġand", "ĠAlternative", "ĠSpirit", "uality", ",", "ĠBrill", ",", "Ġ2019", ".", "Ġ.", "Ġ", "ĠR", "olo", ",", "ĠCharles", "ĠJ", ".", "Ġ(", "ed", ".).", "ĠThe", "ĠWorld", "...

298

. Poller, Jake. Aldous Huxley and Alternative Spirituality, Brill, 2019. . Rolo, Charles J. (ed.). The World of Aldous Huxley, Grosset Universal Library, 1947. Shaw, Jeffrey M. Illusions of Freedom: Thomas Merton and Jacques Ellul on Technology and the Human Condition. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock. 2014. . Shadu...

[ ",", "Ġa", "Ġ1978", "ĠUS", "Ġbill", "Ġremoving", "Ġgovernmental", "Ġcontrol", "Ġfrom", "Ġcommercial", "Ġaviation", "Ġ", "ĠSchools", "Ġ", "Ġ", "ĠAda", ",", "Ġthe", "ĠNational", "ĠCollege", "Ġfor", "ĠDigital", "ĠSkills", ",", "Ġa", "Ġfurther", "Ġeducation", "Ġcoll...

299

, a 1978 US bill removing governmental control from commercial aviation Schools Ada, the National College for Digital Skills, a further education college in Tottenham Hale, London Ada High School (Ohio), Ada, Ohio Ada High School (Oklahoma), Ada, Oklahoma People Ada (name), a feminine given name and a surname, i...