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17,034,021
10.1002/ajmg.b.30379
2,007
American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics
Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet
Schizophrenic-like neurocognitive deficits in children and adolescents with 22q11 deletion syndrome.
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is the most common genetic microdeletion syndrome affecting humans. The syndrome is associated with general cognitive impairments and specific deficits in visual-spatial ability, non-verbal reasoning, and planning skills. 22q11DS is also associated with behavioral and psychiatric abn...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
16,870,885
10.1093/brain/awl199
2,006
Brain : a journal of neurology
Brain
Neuropsychological and neuroanatomical correlates of perseverative responses in subacute stroke.
Patients with left-sided neglect frequently show repetitive behaviour on the ipsilesional side, such as re-markings on cancellation tasks or extensive elaboration on drawings. It is unclear whether these perseverative responses occur as a symptom of hemi-neglect or inattention in general, and/or whether they are relate...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
16,842,976
10.1016/j.schres.2006.05.019
2,006
Schizophrenia research
Schizophr Res
Neural correlates of verbal and nonverbal working memory deficits in individuals with schizophrenia and their high-risk siblings.
Impaired working memory and functional brain activation deficits within prefrontal cortex (PFC) may be associated with vulnerability to schizophrenia. This study compared working memory and PFC activation in individuals with schizophrenia, their unaffected siblings and healthy comparison participants. We administered a...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
16,841,151
10.1007/s11055-006-0078-9
2,006
Neuroscience and behavioral physiology
Neurosci Behav Physiol
The role of the cognitive activity context in the conservatism of unconscious visual sets.
Studies in healthy adults were performed to compare measures of the rigidity of a verbal set in three series of experiments: in series 1, pseudowords were presented at the set-forming stage of the experiment, while common words were presented in the test stage; series 2 used the pseudoword/word conditions of series 1 w...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
16,797,924
10.1016/j.schres.2006.04.021
2,006
Schizophrenia research
Schizophr Res
Mixed handedness is associated with the Disorganization dimension of schizotypy in a young male population.
Within the ASPIS (Athens Study of Psychosis Proneness and Incidence of Schizophrenia) we sought out to examine in accordance with previous reports if a deviation from dextrality is associated with an augmented endorsement of self rated schizotypal personality traits in a large population of 1129 young male army recruit...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
16,717,207
10.1212/01.wnl.0000216273.94142.84
2,006
Neurology
Neurology
Effect of lamotrigine on cognition in children with epilepsy.
Lamotrigine does not affect cognition in healthy adult volunteers or adult patients with epilepsy, but its effect on cognition in children is uncertain. To compare the effect of lamotrigine and placebo on cognition in children with well-controlled or mild epilepsy. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
16,642,451
null
2,006
Revista de neurologia
Rev Neurol
[Executive function disorders].
To review the development, anatomy and physiology of executive functions (EF) in normal and pathological conditions. EF consist of several internal mental process design to solve mental and environmental complex problems in an efficient and acceptable way to the person and the society. EF include inhibition of behavior...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
16,364,957
10.1093/brain/awh711
2,006
Brain : a journal of neurology
Brain
Neuropsychological sequelae of bacterial and viral meningitis.
Survivors of meningitis often complain about neurological and neuropsychological consequences. In this study, the extent of these sequelae was quantified and correlated to MRI findings. Neurological, neuropsychological and neuroradiological examinations were performed with adult patients younger than 70 years, 1-12 yea...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
16,287,504
10.1186/1744-9081-1-20
2,005
Behavioral and brain functions : BBF
Behav Brain Funct
EEG correlates of verbal and nonverbal working memory.
Distinct cognitive processes support verbal and nonverbal working memory, with verbal memory depending specifically on the subvocal rehearsal of items. We recorded scalp EEG while subjects performed a Sternberg task. In each trial, subjects judged whether a probe item was one of the three items in a study list. Lists w...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
16,195,191
10.1080/13682820400027750
2,005
International journal of language & communication disorders
Int J Lang Commun Disord
Spatio-visual memory of children with specific language impairment: evidence for generalized processing problems.
Children with Specific language Impairment (SLI) have problems with verbal memory, particularly with tasks that have more processing demands. They also have slower speeds of responding for some tasks. To identify the extent to which young children with SLI would differ in performance from age-matched non-impaired child...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
16,123,254
10.1177/1073191105276796
2,005
Assessment
Assessment
The construct validity of the stanford-binet 5 measures of working memory.
This study examines the validity of the measures of verbal and nonverbal working memory on the Stanford-Binet Fifth Edition (SB5). The validity evidence included Rasch-based, criterion-referenced item mapping, correlations with other clinical measures of memory, and prediction of reading and mathematics scores. The ite...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
16,060,819
10.1037/0894-4105.19.4.446
2,005
Neuropsychology
Neuropsychology
Neuropsychological correlates of ADHD symptoms in preschoolers.
The authors examined the neuropsychological status of 22 preschoolers at risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 50 matched control children, using measures of nonverbal working memory, perceptual and motor inhibition, and memory for relative time. All tasks included paired control conditions, whic...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
16,019,649
10.1081/13803390490918633
2,005
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol
The children's size-ordering task: a new measure of nonverbal working memory.
We present a new measure of nonverbal working memory for children, entitled the Children's Size-Ordering Task (CSOT). Two separate studies were conducted to test the utility of and partially validate this measure. Three specific hypotheses were investigated, namely that: (1) CSOT performance would correlate with age; (...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
15,989,932
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.01.010
2,005
Neuropsychologia
Neuropsychologia
Self-ordered pointing in children with autism: failure to use verbal mediation in the service of working memory?
This study tested the hypothesis that children with autism are impaired in using verbal encoding and rehearsal strategies in the service of working memory. Participants were 24 high-ability, school-age children with autism and a comparison group matched on verbal and non-verbal IQ, receptive and expressive vocabulary, ...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
15,892,787
10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00872.x
2,005
Child development
Child Dev
The development of nonverbal working memory and executive control processes in adolescents.
The prefrontal cortex modulates executive control processes and structurally matures throughout adolescence. Consistent with these events, prefrontal functions that demand high levels of executive control may mature later than those that require working memory but decreased control. To test this hypothesis, adolescents...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
15,831,180
10.1348/000709905X27696
2,005
The British journal of educational psychology
Br J Educ Psychol
Patterns of language impairment and behaviour in boys excluded from school.
High levels of behaviour problems are found in children with language impairments, but less is known about the level and nature of language impairment in children with severe behavioural problems. In particular, previous data suggest that at primary age, receptive impairments are more closely related to behaviour probl...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
15,755,307
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00355.x
2,005
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
J Child Psychol Psychiatry
Non-verbal cognitive development and language impairment.
Specific language impairment (SLI) is currently partly defined by the presence of non-verbal IQ scores in the normal range. However, not only is there a debate concerning where 'normal thresholds' should be, but increasing information about the presence of processing deficits in SLI have led some researchers to questio...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
15,736,082
null
2,005
Revista de neurologia
Rev Neurol
[The neuropsychological phenotype of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: are there differences among subtypes?].
Recent studies suggest that the ADHD subtypes would be best conceptualized as separate clinical entities, based on their epidemiology, central and associate symptomatology. To determine the differences and similarities between subtypes in its associate symptomatology, specifically in the neuropsychological phenotype of...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
15,677,289
10.1207/s15374424jccp3401_14
2,005
Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol
Time estimation and performance on reproduction tasks in subtypes of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
This study compared Hispanic children (ages 7 to 11) with combined type (CT, n=33) and inattentive type (IT, n=21) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a control group (n=25) on time-estimation and time-reproduction tasks. The ADHD groups showed larger errors in time reproduction but not in time estimati...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
15,650,845
10.1007/s00213-004-2083-4
2,005
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Effect of ecstasy use on neuropsychological function: a study in Hong Kong.
Previous studies on the effects of ecstasy on neuropsychological performance have often recruited small sample sizes. The present study was conducted to validate previous findings regarding the effects of ecstasy consumption on neuropsychological performance. A comprehensive neuropsychological investigation was conduct...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
15,489,381
10.1136/jnnp.2003.018093
2,004
Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
Evidence for distinct cognitive deficits after focal cerebellar lesions.
Anatomical evidence and lesion studies, as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, indicate that the cerebellum contributes to higher cognitive functions. Cerebellar posterior lateral regions seem to be relevant for cognition, while vermal lesions seem to be associated with changes in affect. Howe...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
15,488,910
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.04.027
2,005
Neuropsychologia
Neuropsychologia
Theory of mind after traumatic brain injury.
This study investigated whether people with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) demonstrate a specific impairment on tasks requiring them to make inferences about others' mental states (theory of mind tasks). Participants with severe TBI were compared to a healthy group on verbal first-order and second-order theory of ...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
15,099,602
10.1016/j.schres.2003.07.007
2,004
Schizophrenia research
Schizophr Res
Nonverbal working memory deficits in schizophrenia patients: evidence of a supramodal executive processing deficit.
Although there have been several investigations of spatial working memory performance in schizophrenia patients, there have been considerably fewer studies of object working memory. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the domain specificity of nonverbal working memory impairment in schizophrenia pa...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
14,660,189
10.1080/13682820310001616985
2,004
International journal of language & communication disorders
Int J Lang Commun Disord
Sentence comprehension in children with specific language impairment: effects of input rate and phonological working memory.
Many children with specific language impairment (SLI) exhibit sentence comprehension difficulties. In some instances, these difficulties appear to be related to poor linguistic knowledge and, in other instances, to inferior general processing abilities. Two processing deficiencies evidenced by these children include re...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
12,963,553
10.1080/02699050210147220
2,003
Brain injury
Brain Inj
Subject ordered pointing task performance following severe traumatic brain injury in adults.
The utility of a non-verbal, untimed subject ordered pointing task for identifying memory deficit in adult patients with TBI was tested. Using a cross-sectional design, the working memory performance of 70 adults with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 45 uninjured adults was investigated on a computerized, self-p...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
12,475,131
null
2,002
Aging clinical and experimental research
Aging Clin Exp Res
Changes in cognitive functioning from 75 to 80 years of age: a 5-year follow-up in two Nordic localities.
The purpose of the study was to analyze changes and stability in cognitive functions among older persons aged from 75 to 80 years, as well as differences in this development between two Nordic localities. The number of subjects taking part in the follow-up phase was 188 in Jyväskylä, Finland, and 184 in Göteborg, Swede...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
12,467,947
10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00236-6
2,002
Psychiatry research
Psychiatry Res
Changes in cognitive functioning following comprehensive treatment for first episode patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
The course of cognitive functioning over a 1-year period was examined among a community cohort of individuals presenting with first episode schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. Data were obtained for 83 outpatients at entry to an early intervention program and 12 months later on the National Adult Reading Test, Wechsler A...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
12,406,119
10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01093.x
2,002
The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry
Aust N Z J Psychiatry
Neuropsychological functioning in children with DSM-IV combined type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
To compare the global cognitive functioning and frontal lobe functioning of children with and without DSM-IV combined type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Participants were 6 to 10 year old, clinic-referred children diagnosed with combined type ADHD, who were medication naïve; and an age (+/- 3 months)...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
12,374,327
10.1037/0033-295x.109.4.729
2,002
Psychological review
Psychol Rev
Does a prosocial-selfish distinction help explain the biological affects? Comment on Buck (1999).
R. Buck (1999) argued that a conceptual distinction between prosocial and selfish motivation is necessary to understand the biological affects (consciously experienced feelings and desires having an innate neurochemical basis). However, at a biological level of analysis, a prosocial-selfish distinction is doubtful empi...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
12,123,849
10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00429-9
2,002
Neuroscience letters
Neurosci Lett
Delay modulates spectral correlates in the human EEG of non-verbal auditory working memory.
Studies using neuroimaging and electro- and magnetoencephalographic techniques have begun to identify the brain structures and dynamics that underlie auditory working memory. However, past research has not clearly characterized how the neural dynamics varies with the delay over which auditory information must be mainta...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
12,120,859
10.1111/1469-7610.00052
2,002
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
J Child Psychol Psychiatry
Young adult academic outcomes in a longitudinal sample of early identified language impaired and control children.
The long-term academic consequences of childhood language impairment are both theoretically and clinically important. An unbiased appraisal of these outcomes, however, requires carefully designed, longitudinal research. A group of children first identified as having speech and/or language impairment in a community-base...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
11,959,362
10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00024-0
2,002
Psychiatry research
Psychiatry Res
Neuropsychological performance in medicated vs. unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
To date, there have been no formal investigations of neuropsychological performance in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) taking psychotropic medications. The purpose of this study was to determine whether medicated and unmedicated patients with OCD demonstrate differences in neuropsychological functioni...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
11,919,666
10.1007/s00213-001-0987-9
2,002
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Investigation into the significance of task difficulty and divided allocation of resources on the glucose memory facilitation effect.
Memory for a list of 20 words can be enhanced by preceding learning with consumption of 25 g glucose rather than an equally sweet aspartame solution. In previous studies, participants performed a secondary hand-movement task during the list-learning phase. The present placebo-controlled, double-blind study examined whe...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
11,853,359
10.1037//0894-4105.16.1.74
2,002
Neuropsychology
Neuropsychology
A profile of neuropsychological deficits in alcoholic women.
Neuropsychological deficits, most notable in executive, visuospatial, and functions of gait and balance, are detectable in alcoholic men even after a month of sobriety. Less well established are the severity and profile of persisting deficits in alcoholic women. The authors used an extensive test battery to examine cog...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
11,771,816
10.1111/1467-9450.00259
2,001
Scandinavian journal of psychology
Scand J Psychol
Memory deficits in young schizophrenics with normal general intellectual function.
The aim of the present study was to examine different dimensions of memory functioning in young schizophrenics with normal general intellectual abilities. Thirty-three patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy controls were included in the study. The results suggest that immediate short-term memory is intact, though t...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
11,512,042
10.1007/s002130100771
2,001
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Glucose facilitation of cognitive performance in healthy young adults: examination of the influence of fast-duration, time of day and pre-consumption plasma glucose levels.
Previous investigations have demonstrated increased performance after the administration of a glucose-load on certain aspects of cognitive functioning in healthy young adults. Generally these studies have used a procedure where participants were tested in the morning after an overnight fast. The aim of the present stud...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
11,324,864
10.1037//0894-4105.15.2.211
2,001
Neuropsychology
Neuropsychology
Executive functioning and olfactory identification in young adults with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.
Young adults with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; N = 105) were compared with a control group (N = 64) on 14 measures of executive function and olfactory identification using a 2 (group) X 2 (sex) design. The ADHD group performed significantly worse on 11 measures. No Group X Sex interaction was found o...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
11,298,256
10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00298.x
2,001
Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR
J Intellect Disabil Res
Working memory and everyday cognition in adults with Down's syndrome.
A number of previous studies have suggested that young people with Down's syndrome (DS) have a specific deficit of the phonological loop component of the working memory. However, there have also been studies which have proposed a specific deficit of the central executive component of working memory and suggested simila...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
11,002,356
10.1002/1097-0029(20001001)51:1<85::AID-JEMT9>3.0.CO;2-0
2,000
Microscopy research and technique
Microsc Res Tech
Neuroanatomical and cognitive correlates of adult age differences in acquisition of a perceptual-motor skill.
The objective of this study was to examine age differences in procedural learning and performance in conjunction with differential aging of central nervous system (CNS) structures. Sixty-eight healthy volunteers (age 22-80) performed a pursuit rotor task (four blocks of 20 15-second trials each). Volumes of the cerebel...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
10,875,521
10.1017/s0012162200000682
2,000
Developmental medicine and child neurology
Dev Med Child Neurol
Specific language impairment with or without hyperactivity: neuropsychological evidence for frontostriatal dysfunction.
A neuropsychological investigation of the association between specific language impairment (SLI) and hyperactivity was conducted on four groups of 6-year-old children. The groups, each consisting of five boys and five girls, were: children with SLI alone, hyperactivity alone, both SLI and hyperactivity, and neither dis...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
10,824,227
10.1080/136828200247278
2,000
International journal of language & communication disorders
Int J Lang Commun Disord
Limitations in working memory: implications for language development.
In this study, the proposal that individual differences in spoken language acquisition may be due to limitations in short-term memory abilities was investigated within a working memory framework. The relationship speech production skills and working memory abilities was examined in two groups of 4-year-old children, ma...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
10,803,819
10.1046/j.1440-1819.2000.00662.x
2,000
Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci
Declining of memory functions of normal elderly persons.
Two studies examined the declining of memory functions in normal elderly persons using the Yokota memory test (YMT), which includes 15 items concerning verbal and non-verbal memory functions. In the first study, 552 subjects over 40 years of age in five age groups were examined. Factor analysis revealed that YMT consis...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
10,479,041
10.1017/s0012162299001140
1,999
Developmental medicine and child neurology
Dev Med Child Neurol
Neurobehavioral evidence for working-memory deficits in school-aged children with histories of prematurity.
Cognitive performance in 7- to 9-year-old preterm neonatal intensive-care survivors was compared with that in age-matched control children. Non-verbal memory span, spatial working-memory abilities, planning, set-shifting, and recognition memory for both spatial and patterned stimuli were assessed using the Cambridge Ne...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
10,406,982
10.1136/jnnp.67.2.163
1,999
Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
Basal forebrain amnesia: does the nucleus accumbens contribute to human memory?
To analyse amnesia caused by basal forebrain lesions. A single case study of a patient with amnesia after bleeding into the anterior portion of the left basal ganglia. Neuropsychological examination included tests of attention, executive function, working memory, recall, and recognition of verbal and non-verbal materia...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
10,390,025
10.1016/s0028-3932(98)00128-6
1,999
Neuropsychologia
Neuropsychologia
Genetically dissociated components of working memory: evidence from Down's and Williams syndrome.
Wang and Bellugi [J clin exp Neuropsychol 1994;16:317 22] have suggested that Down's and Williams syndrome might be associated with specific and contrasting working memory deficits; with impaired verbal short-term memory in Down's syndrome, and a visuo-spatial short-term memory deficit in Williams syndrome. In two stud...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
10,219,779
10.1093/brain/122.4.657
1,999
Brain : a journal of neurology
Brain
Humour appreciation: a role of the right frontal lobe.
Humour occupies a special place in human social interactions. The brain regions and the potential psychological processes underlying humour appreciation were investigated by testing patients who had focal damage in various areas of the brain. A specific brain region, the right frontal lobe, most disrupted the ability t...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
10,199,429
10.1001/jama.281.13.1197
1,999
JAMA
JAMA
Effect of estrogen on brain activation patterns in postmenopausal women during working memory tasks.
Preclinical studies suggest that estrogen affects neural structure and function in mature animals; clinical studies are less conclusive with many, but not all, studies showing a positive influence of estrogen on verbal memory in postmenopausal women. To investigate the effects of estrogen on brain activation patterns i...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
9,862,553
10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1097
1,998
Archives of general psychiatry
Arch Gen Psychiatry
Cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia during auditory word and tone working memory demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Verbal learning and memory deficits are among the most severe cognitive deficits observed in schizophrenia. We have demonstrated that such deficits do not extend to working memory for tones in a substantial number of patients even when verbal working memory is impaired. In this study we used functional magnetic resonan...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
9,740,361
10.1016/s0028-3932(98)00019-0
1,998
Neuropsychologia
Neuropsychologia
Intensity coding of auditory stimuli: an fMRI study.
The effect of stimulus intensity (sound pressure level, SPL) of auditory stimuli on the BOLD response in the auditory cortex was investigated in 14 young and healthy subjects, with no hearing abnormalities, using echo-planar, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a verbal and a non-verbal auditory discrim...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
9,584,435
10.3758/bf03201139
1,998
Memory & cognition
Mem Cognit
Nonverbal working memory of humans and monkeys: rehearsal in the sketchpad?
Investigations of working memory tend to focus on the retention of verbal information. The present experiments were designed to characterize the active maintenance rehearsal process used in the retention of visuospatial information. Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; N = 6) were tested as well as humans (total N = 90) bec...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
9,510,387
10.1093/cercor/8.1.73
1,998
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
Cereb Cortex
Right prefrontal activation during encoding, but not during retrieval, in a non-verbal paired-associates task.
Brain imaging studies have shown that episodic encoding into long-term memory preferentially activates the left prefrontal cortex and retrieval activates the right prefrontal cortex. However, it is unclear to what degree verbal analysis contributes to the left prefrontal activation during encoding. The present study wa...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
9,460,738
10.1037//0894-4105.12.1.95
1,998
Neuropsychology
Neuropsychology
Neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive aging: evidence from structural magnetic resonance imaging.
To examine putative brain substrates of cognitive functions differentially affected by age the authors measured the volume of cortical regions and performance on tests of executive functions, working memory, explicit memory, and priming in healthy adults (18-77 years old). The results indicate that shrinkage of the pre...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
9,276,836
null
1,997
Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP
J Dev Behav Pediatr
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, self-regulation, and time: toward a more comprehensive theory.
This article describes the current clinical view of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and suggests a model of prefrontal lobe executive functions that explains better than current theories the cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with ADHD. The model shows how behavioral inhibition is related to a...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
8,817,507
10.1016/0028-3932(95)00160-3
1,996
Neuropsychologia
Neuropsychologia
Verbal working memory components can be selectively influenced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used for a lateralization of verbal and non-verbal memory functions in candidates for epilepsy surgery by inducing focal, material-specific memory deficits. Twenty patients who underwent presurgical epilepsy evaluation with ...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
8,851,379
10.1055/s-2007-996372
1,996
Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr
[Memory disturbances in schizophrenia].
The recent literature on memory disorders in schizophrenic persons is reanalysed. The present interest in memory disorders as a core symptom of cognitive changes in schizophrenia derives from the fact that brain imaging methods have revealed a reduction of substance in the regions surrounding the lateral ventricles. Gi...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
8,544,910
10.1016/0197-4580(95)00074-o
1,995
Neurobiology of aging
Neurobiol Aging
Age-related decline in MRI volumes of temporal lobe gray matter but not hippocampus.
The effect of normal aging on the volume of the hippocampus and temporal cortex was assessed cross-sectionally with quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in 72 healthy men, spanning 5 decades of the adult age range (21 to 70 years). Neither the hippocampal nor cortical white matter volumes were significantly co...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
7,818,232
null
1,994
Annales medico-psychologiques
Ann Med Psychol (Paris)
[Short term memory and severe language disorders in the child].
Memory, and particularly short-term memory or "working memory" (Baddeley), is involved in language acquisition in children. We have studied short-term memory, with verbal-and non verbal tests, of 8 children suffering from developmental dysphasia compared with other ones, matched in terms of age and performance I.Q. (W....
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
7,584,260
10.1080/09658219308258225
1,993
Memory (Hove, England)
Memory
A developmental deficit in short-term phonological memory: implications for language and reading.
QU, an eight-year-old boy, was identified from a large scale normative study on the basis of his greatly reduced digit span, combined with normal long-term memory and non-verbal intelligence. Further investigation indicated that his visual STM was normal, but that he was clearly impaired on two verbal STM tests, nonwor...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
1,574,161
10.1016/0028-3932(92)90004-6
1,992
Neuropsychologia
Neuropsychologia
Brain tumors in children and adolescents--III. Effects of radiation and hormone status on intelligence and on working, associative and serial-order memory.
The effects on intelligence and memory of two post-surgical conditions (radiation treatment, hormone deficiency and supplementation) were explored in 46 children and adolescents with tumors in a variety of brain sites. Verbal intelligence, but not non-verbal intelligence, varied positively with age at radiation treatme...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
1,933,236
10.1093/brain/114.5.2095
1,991
Brain : a journal of neurology
Brain
Cognitive impairment in early, untreated Parkinson's disease and its relationship to motor disability.
Current knowledge of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) has largely been obtained from studies of chronically treated patients in whom effects of disease chronicity, treatment, depression and dementia are confounding factors. Studies of untreated patients have examined few cognitive domains and relations...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
2,445,032
null
1,987
Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie und Psychiatrie (Zurich, Switzerland : 1985)
Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr (1985)
Deficit of the "primacy effect" in parkinsonians interpreted by means of the working memory model.
29 Parkinsonians and 29 controls matched for age and schooling were tested for memory by means of a free recall test (serial position curve) and two spans (verbal and non-verbal). The free recall test yields three measures: primacy (item 1); secondary memory (items 2-7) and recency (items 8-12). The Parkinsonians displ...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
6,616,125
10.1111/j.2044-8295.1983.tb01865.x
1,983
British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)
Br J Psychol
Specific reading retardation and working memory: a review.
Research into the memory deficit of retarded readers is examined within a working memory framework. Although much of the evidence in this area is confusing, there is fairly consistent evidence that reading retardation can be associated with a deficit in long-term storage of phonological information. This deficit may af...
CognitiveConstruct
NonverbalWorkingMemory
34,332,197
10.1016/j.cortex.2021.06.007
2,021
Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior
Cortex
The costs (and benefits) of effortful listening on context processing: A simultaneous electrophysiology, pupillometry, and behavioral study.
There is an apparent disparity between the fields of cognitive audiology and cognitive electrophysiology as to how linguistic context is used when listening to perceptually challenging speech. To gain a clearer picture of how listening effort impacts context use, we conducted a pre-registered study to simultaneously ex...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
34,298,081
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118415
2,021
NeuroImage
Neuroimage
Frontoparietal pattern similarity analyses of cognitive control in monozygotic twins.
The ability to flexibly adapt thoughts and actions in a goal-directed manner appears to rely on cognitive control mechanisms that are strongly impacted by individual differences. A powerful research strategy for investigating the nature of individual variation is to study monozygotic (identical) twins. Evidence of twin...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
34,122,157
10.3389/fpsyt.2021.559401
2,021
Frontiers in psychiatry
Front Psychiatry
Reward Processing and Circuit Dysregulation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
Past decades have witnessed substantial progress in understanding of neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to generation of various PTSD symptoms, including intrusive memories, physiological arousal and avoidance of trauma reminders. However, the neurobiology of anhedonia and emotional numbing in PTSD, that have b...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
34,119,509
10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113413
2,021
Behavioural brain research
Behav Brain Res
Higher functional connectivity between prefrontal regions and the dorsal attention network predicts absence of renewal.
Renewal describes the recovery of an extinguished response when extinction and recall contexts differ, demonstrating the context-dependency of extinction. The unexpected outcome change during extinction presumably directs attention to the context and promotes renewal. Accordingly, studies show that context processing f...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
34,100,534
10.1093/arclin/acab043
2,021
Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists
Arch Clin Neuropsychol
A New Test of Irony and Indirect Requests Comprehension-The IRRI Test: Validation and Normative Data in French-Speaking Adults.
Nonliteral language comprehension disorders in individuals with acquired brain injuries (ABI) are frequently reported in the literature but rarely assessed in clinical settings. A major reason is the lack of tools available to clinicians. Therefore, the present study aimed to further promote the pragmatic assessment ro...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
34,015,443
10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107465
2,021
Neurobiology of learning and memory
Neurobiol Learn Mem
The DA-antagonist Tiapride affects context-related extinction learning in a predictive learning task, but not initial forming of associations, or renewal.
Renewal describes the recovery of an extinguished response if the contexts of extinction and recall differ, highlighting the context dependency of extinction. Studies demonstrated dopaminergic (DA) signalling to be important for context-related extinction learning with and without a fear component. In a previous study ...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
34,006,142
10.1177/00048674211010327
2,021
The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry
Aust N Z J Psychiatry
Neural, behavioural and real-life correlates of social context sensitivity and social reward learning during interpersonal interactions in the schizophrenia spectrum.
Recent findings suggest that diminished processing of positive contextual information about others during interactions may contribute to social impairment in the schizophrenia spectrum. This could be due to general social context processing deficits or specific biases against positive information. We studied the impact...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
33,819,532
10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113282
2,021
Behavioural brain research
Behav Brain Res
Hippocampal activation during contextual fear inhibition related to resilience in the early aftermath of trauma.
Impaired contextual fear inhibition is often associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our previous work has demonstrated that more hippocampal activation during a response inhibition task after trauma exposure was related to greater resilience and fewer future PTSD symptoms. In the current study, we sought...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
33,762,219
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117983
2,021
NeuroImage
Neuroimage
Separation of item and context in item-method directed forgetting.
Contextual information plays a critical role in directed forgetting (DF) of lists of items, whereas DF of individual items has been primarily associated with item-level processing. This study was designed to investigate whether context processing also contributes to the forgetting of individual items. Participants firs...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
33,658,771
10.2147/CIA.S287619
2,021
Clinical interventions in aging
Clin Interv Aging
Contextual Processing and the Impacts of Aging and Neurodegeneration: A Scoping Review.
Contextual processing (or context processing; CP) is an integral component of cognition. CP allows people to manage their thoughts and actions by adjusting to surroundings. CP involves the formation of an internal representation of context in relation to the environment, maintenance of this information over a period of...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
33,561,353
10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00142
2,021
Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR
J Speech Lang Hear Res
Age-Related Differences in the Online Processing of Spoken Semantic Context and the Effect of Semantic Competition: Evidence From Eye Gaze.
Purpose The study examined age-related differences in the use of semantic context and in the effect of semantic competition in spoken sentence processing. We used offline (response latency) and online (eye gaze) measures, using the "visual world" eye-tracking paradigm. Method Thirty younger and 30 older adults heard se...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
33,390,921
10.3389/fnhum.2020.610548
2,020
Frontiers in human neuroscience
Front Hum Neurosci
The Effect of Bilingualism on Cue-Based vs. Memory-Based Task Switching in Older Adults.
Findings suggest a positive impact of bilingualism on cognition, including the later onset of dementia. However, it is not clear to what extent these effects are influenced by variations in attentional control demands in response to specific task requirements. In this study, 20 bilingual and 20 monolingual older adults...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
32,718,160
10.1037/neu0000682
2,020
Neuropsychology
Neuropsychology
Differential impairments in irony comprehension in brain-damaged individuals: Insight from contextual processing, theory of mind, and executive functions.
The comprehension of irony can be affected after brain injuries. The cognitive mechanisms accounting for such disorders remain yet unclear. The heterogeneity of cognitive profiles of brain-damaged individuals and the use of independent tests to measure the links between these mechanisms and the comprehension of irony m...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
31,734,227
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107264
2,020
Neuropsychologia
Neuropsychologia
Age effects on the neural processing of object-context associations in briefly flashed natural scenes.
In daily life, fast visual recognition of surrounding objects is facilitated through context-based expectations. However the ability to rapidly and accurately recognize unexpected stimuli in a given environment is also crucial and this ability is impaired with age. The present fMRI study aimed at comparing in young and...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
31,578,918
10.1177/0269881119878178
2,020
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
J Psychopharmacol
Caffeine improves text reading and global perception.
Reading is a unique human skill. Several brain networks involved in this complex skill mainly involve the left hemisphere language areas. Nevertheless, nonlinguistic networks found in the right hemisphere also seem to be involved in sentence and text reading. These areas do not deal with phonological information, but a...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
31,302,255
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116012
2,019
NeuroImage
Neuroimage
Default-mode network activation underlies accurate contextual processing of exclusive disjunctions in older but not younger adults.
Young adults proactively engage frontoparietal processing of contextual cues to preempt subsequent events. Rather than being preemptive, older adults engage these brain areas reactively upon event occurrences. Reactive frontoparietal processes in older adults, however, might be insufficient for complex contextual neura...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
31,291,325
10.1371/journal.pone.0219397
2,019
PloS one
PLoS One
Stability and flexibility in cognitive control: Interindividual dynamics and task context processing.
Adaptive behaviour requires cognitive control for shielding current goals from distractors (stability) but at the same time for switching between alternative goals (flexibility). In this behavioural study, we examine the stability-flexibility balance in left- and right-handers during two types of decision-making, instr...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
31,259,599
10.1037/xge0000645
2,020
Journal of experimental psychology. General
J Exp Psychol Gen
Differential impairment of positive and negative schizotypy in list-method and item-method directed forgetting.
Schizophrenia is characterized by cognitive impairment and this impairment is expected to occur, albeit to a lesser degree, in people putatively at risk for schizophrenia. Two experiments assessed the relationship between directed forgetting (DF) and schizotypy, which is a multidimensional construct that reflects the e...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
31,147,272
10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.03.012
2,019
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging
Dysfunctional Neural Processes Underlying Context Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia.
People with schizophrenia (PSZ) have profound deficits in context processing, an executive process that guides adaptive behaviors according to goals and stored contextual information. Although various neural processes are involved in context processing and are affected in PSZ, the core underlying neural dysfunction is ...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
31,081,658
10.1037/xan0000214
2,019
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition
J Exp Psychol Anim Learn Cogn
Attentional instructions modulate differential context-switch effects after short and long training in human predictive learning.
Three experiments in human predictive learning assessed the modulating role of instructions on context-switch effects on performance after different levels of training. Cue X (a food name) was paired with an outcome (gastric malaise) in Context A (a specific restaurant), whereas another cue, Y, was presented in the abs...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
30,881,293
10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00024
2,019
Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
Front Behav Neurosci
Cognitive Flexibility Training Improves Extinction Retention Memory and Enhances Cortical Dopamine With and Without Traumatic Stress Exposure.
Stress exposure can cause lasting changes in cognition, but certain individual traits, such as cognitive flexibility, have been shown to reduce the degree, duration, or severity of cognitive changes following stress. Both stress and cognitive flexibility training affect decision making by modulating monoamine signaling...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
30,789,952
10.1371/journal.pone.0212592
2,019
PloS one
PLoS One
Telling a good story: The effects of memory retrieval and context processing on eyewitness suggestibility.
Witnesses are likely to describe a crime many times before testifying or encountering misinformation about that crime. Research examining the effect of retrieval on later suggestibility has yielded mixed results. LaPaglia and Chan manipulated whether misinformation was presented in a narrative or misleading questions, ...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
30,431,288
10.1037/abn0000383
2,018
Journal of abnormal psychology
J Abnorm Psychol
A meta-analysis of context integration deficits across the schizotypy spectrum using AX-CPT and DPX tasks.
Schizotypy and schizophrenia involve disrupted context integration (CI), the ability to assimilate internal and external information into coherent mental representations. Research has primarily examined patients with schizophrenia, with fewer studies assessing CI in schizotypy-spectrum groups. The literature shows over...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
30,367,743
10.1002/hbm.24443
2,019
Human brain mapping
Hum Brain Mapp
Hippocampal subfields alterations in adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Reexperiencing symptoms in adolescent Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are characterized by the apparition of vivid intrusive images of the traumatic event. The emergence of these intrusions is thought to be related to a deficiency in context processing and could then be related to hippocampal alterations. The hip...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
30,359,064
10.1037/bne0000277
2,018
Behavioral neuroscience
Behav Neurosci
Neonatal hippocampal lesions facilitate biconditional contextual discrimination learning in monkeys.
This study examined whether selective neonatal hippocampal lesions in monkeys (), which left the surrounding cortical areas (parahippocampal cortex) intact, affect contextual learning and memory compared with controls. Monkeys were tested with an automated touch-screen apparatus so that stimuli and contextual cues coul...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
30,293,482
10.1080/13546805.2018.1528972
2,018
Cognitive neuropsychiatry
Cogn Neuropsychiatry
Attribution of intentions and context processing in psychometric schizotypy.
Impairment in Theory of mind (TOM) has frequently been associated with schizophrenia and with schizotypy. Studies have found that a tendency to over-attribute intentions and special meaning to events and to people is related to positive psychotic symptoms. Further, it has been suggested that this intentionality bias ma...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
30,178,729
10.1017/S0033291718002477
2,019
Psychological medicine
Psychol Med
Integrated assessment of visual perception abnormalities in psychotic disorders and relationship with clinical characteristics.
The visual system is recognized as an important site of pathology and dysfunction in schizophrenia. In this study, we evaluated different visual perceptual functions in patients with psychotic disorders using a potentially clinically applicable task battery and assessed their relationship with symptom severity in patie...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
29,880,452
10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.039
2,018
Schizophrenia research
Schizophr Res
Episodic memory retrieval is impaired in negative schizotypy under fast response deadline.
Schizotypy offers a useful, multidimensional framework for understanding the development and expression of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology. Nonclinically ascertained young adults who endorse positive and negative schizotypy traits exhibit similar, albeit milder, versions of the symptoms and impairment seen in sc...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
29,852,005
10.1371/journal.pone.0197812
2,018
PloS one
PLoS One
Normal development of context processing using the AXCPT paradigm.
Context processing involves a flexible and continually updated representation of task relevant information and is a core aspect of cognitive control. The expectancy AX Continuous Performance Test (AXCPT) was designed to specifically measure context processing and has been widely applied to elucidate mechanisms of cogni...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
29,700,666
10.1007/s10597-018-0278-0
2,018
Community mental health journal
Community Ment Health J
Paranoia Symptoms Moderate the Impact of Emotional Context Processing on Community Functioning of Individuals with Schizophrenia.
This study examined whether better emotional context processing is associated with better community functioning among persons with schizophrenia, and whether the relationship between the two variables is moderated by level of paranoid symptoms. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded Version, Emotional Context Proc...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
29,601,053
10.1162/CPSY_a_00004
2,017
Computational psychiatry (Cambridge, Mass.)
Comput Psychiatr
Implications of Information Theory for Computational Modeling of Schizophrenia.
Information theory provides a formal framework within which information processing and its disorders can be described. However, information theory has rarely been applied to modeling aspects of the cognitive neuroscience of schizophrenia. The goal of this article is to highlight the benefits of an approach based on inf...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
29,393,697
10.1080/02699206.2018.1430851
2,018
Clinical linguistics & phonetics
Clin Linguist Phon
Context processing during irony comprehension in right-frontal brain-damaged individuals.
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the degree of incongruity between contextual information and a target sentence influences the extent to which irony is understood in individuals with right-frontal-hemisphere damage (RHD). A psycholinguistic paradigm was used, allowing us to assess whether impairm...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
29,375,430
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02309
2,017
Frontiers in psychology
Front Psychol
Altered Neural Activity during Irony Comprehension in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenia Patients-An fMRI Study.
Irony is a type of figurative language in which the literal meaning of the expression is the opposite of what the speaker intends to communicate. Even though schizophrenic patients are known as typically impaired in irony comprehension and in the underlying neural functions, to date no one has explored the neural corre...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
29,369,644
10.1037/xge0000401
2,018
Journal of experimental psychology. General
J Exp Psychol Gen
Moving beyond summary scores: Decomposing free recall performance to understand episodic memory deficits in schizotypy.
Negative symptom schizophrenia and negative schizotypy are associated with deficits in episodic memory, which may reflect deficits in context processing. However, studies that rely on summary performance measures such as mean accuracy or latency are limited in the extent that they can examine processes underlying memor...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
29,242,106
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.022
2,018
NeuroImage
Neuroimage
The effects of dopaminergic D2-like receptor stimulation upon behavioral and neural correlates of renewal depend on individual context processing propensities.
Renewal is defined as the recovery of an extinguished response when the contexts of extinction and recall differ. Prominent hippocampal activity during context-related extinction can predict renewal. Dopaminergic antagonism during extinction learning impaired extinction and reduced hippocampal activation, without affec...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
29,170,649
10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01969
2,017
Frontiers in psychology
Front Psychol
Does the Effort of Processing Potential Incentives Influence the Adaption of Context Updating in Older Adults?
A number of aging studies suggest that older adults process positive and negative information differently. For instance, the socioemotional selectivity theory postulates that older adults preferably process positive information in service of emotional well-being (Reed and Carstensen, 2012). Moreover, recent research ha...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
29,170,634
10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00206
2,017
Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
Front Behav Neurosci
Lost in Time and Space: States of High Arousal Disrupt Implicit Acquisition of Spatial and Sequential Context Information.
Biased cognition during high arousal states is a relevant phenomenon in a variety of topics: from the development of post-traumatic stress disorders or stress-triggered addictive behaviors to forensic considerations regarding crimes of passion. Recent evidence indicates that arousal modulates the engagement of a hippoc...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing
29,124,546
10.1007/s10548-017-0607-6
2,018
Brain topography
Brain Topogr
Fast Neural Dynamics of Proactive Cognitive Control in a Task-Switching Analogue of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.
One common assumption has been that prefrontal executive control is mostly required for target detection (Posner and Petersen in Ann Rev Neurosci 13:25-42, 1990). Alternatively, cognitive control has also been related to anticipatory updating of task-set (contextual) information, a view that highlights proactive contro...
CognitiveConstruct
ContextProcessing