id stringlengths 20 20 | score int64 1 5 | normalized_score float64 0.2 1 | content stringlengths 216 2.36M | sub_path stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
BkiUbjM5qsJBji8af7X9 | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
IRAS 05078+1626 is a nearby Seyfert 1.5 galaxy.
Before its identification as an infrared source
it was also known as CSV 6150 (Catalogue of Suspected Variables).
Its position on the sky is $l=186.1$ and $b=-13.5$ in the Galactic coordinates.
The cosmological redshift of this galaxy is $z\appr... | train/arxiv |
BkiUd7o25V5jAV9GHz5y | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Flux tube formation between quark $q$ and antiquark $\bar{q}$ provides a
possible mechanism for quark confinement and has been verified in simulations
of lattice QCD (e.g.~\cite{Bali:1994de}). While the microscopic origin of the
formation of the flux tube is still debated, it is common consensus... | train/arxiv |
BkiUfKDxK5YsWV5L43kb | 5 | 1 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Networked dynamic systems consist of multiple dynamic units that are interconnected via a network. In recent years, the area of networked systems has received extensive attention from the research community. There are many examples of networked systems in our everyday lives such as social and tr... | train/arxiv |
BkiUeGLxK7IDPV_ItvmM | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction and statement of results}
\label{intro}
Ideal lattices are important objects in number theory and discrete geometry, which have been extensively studied in a series of papers by Eva Bayer-Fluckiger and her co-authors in the 1990's and 2000's (see, for instance, \cite{bayer1}, \cite{bayer2}, \cite... | train/arxiv |
BkiUcXDxK02iP4Y2uIuX | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
The gauge-gravity duality\cite{Banks:1996vh, Maldacena:1997re} is a concrete realization of the holographic principle\cite{Susskind:1994vu} which states that the number of degrees of freedom in quantum gravity scales like area. This idea, that was conceived from the nature of black hole entropy... | train/arxiv |
BkiUfnY25V5jax0lomj3 | 5 | 1 | \section{Section Heading}
\baselineskip=24pt
\section{Basic properties of contact metric structures}
A contact form on a $2n+1$-dimensional manifold $M$ is a one-form $\eta$ such that $\eta\wedge (d\alpha )^n$ is a volume form on $M$. Given a contact manifold $(M,\eta )$, there exist tensor fields $(\xi ,\phi , g... | train/arxiv |
BkiUbDQ4uzqh_FJ_JWRU | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Among the $J^P = \frac{3}{2}^+$ decuplet states only the
$\Omega^-$ decays weakly into
nonleptonic channels. The allowed two-body decay modes to the lowest-lying
baryon octet are $\Omega^- \rightarrow \Lambda K^-,
\Omega^- \rightarrow \Xi^0 \pi^-$ and $\Omega^- \rightarrow \Xi^- \pi^0$.
The... | train/arxiv |
BkiUczk5qhDBLTI4uEMa | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Composition tableaux were introduced in \cite{HLMvW-1} to define the basis of quasisymmetric Schur functions for the Hopf algebra of quasisymmetric functions.
These functions are analogues of the ubiquitous Schur functions \cite{schur}, have been studied in substantial detail rec... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdeY4uBhi1OGmc4In | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Pairing is an important component of the correlations in atomic nuclei at low-excitation energy \cite{heyde:1994,dean:2003,brink:2005}. The Sn isotopes provide a unique laboratory to probe the neutron-neutron pairing correlations, because the large proton shell gap at $Z=50$ ensures that the lo... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdTg5qoYAmdCYOWuf | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
As first demonstrated by Nagaoka, in the limit of
infinite Hubbard's repulsion $U$ the ground state for simple bipartite lattices in the nearest-neighbour approximation is a saturated ferromagnetic state for a low density $\delta $ of
current carriers (doubly occupied states (``... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdCk25V5isMEL6zxf | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Recent years have witnessed a number of successes in applying modern
reinforcement learning (RL) methods to many fields, including
robotics~\cite{tobin17, levine15} and competitive
gaming~\cite{silver16, mnih15}. Impressively, most of these successes
have been achieved by using general-purpose R... | train/arxiv |
BkiUey_xK03BfHDu5QpL | 5 | 1 | \section{\label{sec:1}Introduction}
The~anomalous thermal behaviour of~dilute magnetic alloys~(DMA) has~been the~subject
of~extensive experimental and~theoretical research over the~past decades. The~main
stream of~theoretical
investigations~(e.g.~Refs.~\onlinecite{kondo,bloomfield,hepp,wilson,rajan,andrei,%
filyov2,wi... | train/arxiv |
BkiUe845qhLBlnv5FWSI | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Any programmable response of a material to external stimulation can be interpreted as computation.
To implement a logical function in a material one must map space-time dynamics of an internal structure of a material onto a space of logical values.
This is how experimental laboratory prototy... | train/arxiv |
BkiUbHjxK7kjXMEc7E0r | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
The number of Milky Way (MW) globular clusters (GCs) known to possess extended tidal features is growing. Thanks to large, well-calibrated imaging surveys such as Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) \citep{2012ApJS..203...21A} and Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) \citep{2016arXiv161205560C}, as well as the more rec... | train/arxiv |
BkiUevTxK3YB9raX2CcQ | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
In a cluster of galaxies,
the galactic interstellar medium
can be transferred into intergalactic space by various processes
\citep[and references therein]{Boselli2006}. The fate of the gas is,
however, still not totally understood. Some of the gas would be
cooled to form stars in intergalact... | train/arxiv |
BkiUbP85qhLACDi6AtPe | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a compact connected Lie group with Lie algebra $g$.
Let $I(G)$ denote the ring of ${\mbox{\rm Ad}}(G)$-invariant polynomials
on $g$. Then $I(G)^1:=\{f\in I(G)\:|\:f(0)=0\}$ is a maximal
ideal of $I(G)$. By $\hat{I}(G)$ we denote the $I(G)^1$-adic
completion of $I(G)$. We define $\til... | train/arxiv |
BkiUbcLxK0wg09FXUEjx | 5 | 1 | \section{Neutrinos Associated with the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays}
The flux of cosmic rays is summarized in Fig.\,1a,b\cite{gaisseramsterdam}. The energy spectrum follows a broken power law. The two power laws are separated by a feature dubbed the ``knee''; see Fig.\,1a. Circumstantial evidence exists that cosmic ray... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdmDxK7Ehm4qs0nek | 5 | 1 |
\subsection{The overview of TEE-based privacy architecture}
In this section, we introduce the details of the TEE-based privacy architecture. Figure~\ref{fig:cloak-tee} shows overview of the architecture. $F$ means contract code that clearly expresses the business logic $f$ of VMPT. $P$ is a privacy policy, which expre... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdiE4ukPiEebgxZKD | 5 | 1 | \section{Qubit Model and Participation Ratios}
Figure\,\ref{fig:full} shows an example design of a full differential qubit, include the qubit electrodes and an shielding ground plane (gray). The full design can be broken up into the junction and tapered wires (red), a ribbon capacitor (blue) and a coplanar capacitor ... | train/arxiv |
BkiUcn7xK7FjYCv2RO6e | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs hereafter) are cosmological explosions whose emission spans all the electromagnetic spectrum, from soft $\gamma$-rays down to X-rays, optical/NIR and radio (see, e.g., \citealt{Piran2004}).
According to the T$_{90}$ duration of their short-lived prompt emission, they are c... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdk025V5hcJY58tix | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:1}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} use of balanced codes is crucial for some information transmission systems. Errors can occur in the process of storing data onto optical devices due to the low frequency of operation between structures of the servo and the data written on the disc. This can be a... | train/arxiv |
BkiUcIDxK6-gD5TlcefH | 5 | 1 | \section{Quantum channels}
Quantum channels, or completely-positive trace-preserving maps, are
the most general maps between quantum systems. They enjoy a diverse
range of applications, primarily in the quantum information community
\cite{caruso2014}, but also in studies of matrix product states \cite{Fannes1992,Perez... | train/arxiv |
BkiUd8zxK7Tt52mM9zPz | 5 | 1 | \section*{Introduction}
In common geometry, a homogeneous space defined as the quotient space of a Lie group by an its closed subgroup. These spaces are important for pure mathematical studies as well as for their applications to physics. See \cite{zeghib} and \cite{arkani}. It is shown that a manifold is a homogeneous... | train/arxiv |
BkiUc8s5qYVBSqkygmc6 | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction\label{Intro}}
The discovery of new nuclei in the proximity of the neutron dripline
provides a test for nuclear mass models, and hence for the
understanding of the nuclear force and the creation of elements.
Once neutron-rich nuclei are observed, and their cross sections for formation
are under... | train/arxiv |
BkiUbcY4eIfiUQtkoVZ4 | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction }
Throughout this note, all groups are finite. Two nonisomorphic
groups $G$ and $H$ are said to form a {\it Brauer pair} if $G$ and
$H$ have identical character tables and identical power maps. In
\cite{Brauer}, Brauer had asked if there exist any such pairs. The
first examples of Brauer pairs ... | train/arxiv |
BkiUfrTxK7Tt6AlxGNG7 | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
What can the pursuits of (\emph{i}) investigating quantum entanglement, via multicomponent wavefunctions, on the one hand, and (\emph{ii}) studying frequency array data in order to infer species evolution in molecular phylogenetics, on the other -- both hot topics in their respective fields -- po... | train/arxiv |
BkiUekbxK6-gDyrT-nyW | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Disorder which is inevitably present in most materials can dramatically
affect their properties.~\cite{Lee_RevModPhys,Belitz_RevModPhys} It can lead to
changes in their electronic structure and transport. One of the most interesting effects
of disorder is the spatial confineme... | train/arxiv |
BkiUeLA4eIOjReIV-lcz | 5 | 1 | \section{}
\end{document}
\endinput
\section{}
\input{Sections/Introduction}
\input{Sections/TheoreticalBackground}
\input{Sections/Results}
\input{Sections/Conclusion}
\input{Sections/DataAvailability}
\input{Sections/Acknowledgements}
\section*{Online submitted ab... | train/arxiv |
BkiUfnLxK6nrxpQc3j_O | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction and Summary}
\label{sec:intro}
The backreaction of the emission of gravitational radiation on the system
emitting the radiation is a problem both of formal interest within general
relativity and of practical interest for gravitational-wave detection. A
leading candidate source for laser-interfer... | train/arxiv |
BkiUam7xK1Thg9qFbAnD | 5 | 1 | \section*{Notation}
\begin{eqnarray*}
\mathbb{R}_+ &=&[0,\infty);\\
\mathcal{B} &=& \mbox{space of bounded measurable functions with bounded support};\\
D&=& \{(\omega_1, \omega_2, \omega_3)\in \mathbb{R}_+^3 \, |\, \omega_1 + \omega_2 \geq\omega_3\};\\
\mathbf{k} &&\mbox{wavevector, it belongs to } \mathbb{R}^N;\\
\om... | train/arxiv |
BkiUd4U5qX_BsNW_soWI | 5 | 1 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Flat rotation curves around galaxies constitute one of the most stunning
astrophysical findings since 1930s. The cases can simply be attributed to
the unobservable dark matter which still lacks a satisfactory candidate. On
the general relativity side which reigns in the large universe an
interes... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdlQ4uBhiwecdfjnB | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Observations and theory demonstrate that star-planet interaction (SPI) is a complex, yet potentially very informative probe of extrasolar planetary magnetic fields. In Shkolnik et al.~(2003, 2005a), we reported on planet-induced chromospheric activity on two stars, HD 179949 and $\... | train/arxiv |
BkiUeDjxK7IAHQ7RZYRC | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Magnetization dynamics in the presence of spin-transfer torques is a
very active area of research with applications to magnetic memory
devices and
oscillators~\cite{BaderParkin2010,BrataasKentOhno2012,KentWorledge2015}.
Some basic questions relate to the types of magnetization dynamics
that can b... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdJLxaKgTx4Y_-DwD | 5 | 1 | \section*{Acknowledgments}
This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020AAA0109700), National Natural Science Foundation of China (62076167), and partially supported by NSERC OGP0046506.
We would like to thank Wei Zeng and his team in Peng Cheng Laboratory (PCL) for computing ... | train/arxiv |
BkiUeevxK0wg09FXW7dN | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
The present period of the information infrastructure development is distinguished by the active interaction of various computer applications with huge Information Retrieval Systems. This activity actualizes the demand for efficient data compression methods that on one hand provide satisfactory co... | train/arxiv |
BkiUayjxK5YsWPOod0lv | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction\label{SI}}
Electromagnetic radiative decays of hadrons provide useful information on the hadron structure. Their quark model description is based on the Elementary Emission Model (EEM) that assumes that the decay takes place through the emission of the photon by a quark (or antiquark) of the hadr... | train/arxiv |
BkiUbSLxK7Tt6CA5FNwp | 5 | 1 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
In the protosolar nebula, the growth of terrestrial planets
begins with collisions and mergers of planetesimals, solid
objects with radii of $\sim$ 1 km
\citep[e.g.][]{saf69,lis87,ws93,wei97}.
Initially, planetesimals grow slowly. As they grow, dynamical
friction circularizes the orbits of... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdYk5qdmDHWQtq_g9 | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
The geodesic flow on a (pseudo) Riemannian manifold $(M, g)$ is integrable if the underlying metric admits a sufficient number
of Killing vectors, or Killing tensors. The former correspond to first integrals linear in the velocity, and the latter
give polynomial first integrals of higher order. F... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdbs5qoTAjvd_fUu8 | 5 | 1 | \section{Motivation}
The current trend to move towards highly-scalable computing systems with
slow but energy-efficient processors increases the pressure on the
interconnection network. The recent leap in terms of bandwidth and
latency was achieved by removing the CPU from the packet processing
(data) path. Instead, s... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdH04eIZjuBQZue1n | 5 | 1 | \section{Critical metrics of the eigenvalue functionals}
Let $M$ be a closed manifold of dimension $n \geq 2$ and let $k$ be a positive integer. Before introducing the notion of critical metric of the functional $\lambda_{k}$, notice that this functional is not scaling invariant. Therefore, we will restrict $\lambda_{... | train/arxiv |
BkiUefDxK7FjYEXSGCee | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Bus systems are the backbone of public transportation in the US, carrying over 47\% of all public passenger trips and 19,380 million passenger miles in the US \cite{neff20172016} . For the majority of cities in the US which do not have enough urban forms or budget to build expensive transit infr... | train/arxiv |
BkiUcQXxK7Tt6CA5GJLU | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
The Mahowald invariant
$$M : \pi_*(S^0) \rightsquigarrow \pi_{*}(S^0), \quad \alpha \mapsto M(\alpha)$$ is a construction for producing nontrivial classes in the stable homotopy groups of spheres from classes in lower stable stems. The chromatic filtration organizes the stable stems into $v_n$... | train/arxiv |
BkiUfH7xK1Thg98Uh2af | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
The detection of the Higgs boson is one of the most ambitious aims
of the CERN large hadron collider (LHC). Precision measurements
strongly suggest the presence of this excitation in the hundred
GeV range, but its very existence seems to be in contrast with our
understanding of naturalness. Any... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdJ45qX_BlbLl_e48 | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Consider a random source which evolves on a finite set. It follows from existing literature, see for example \cite{Shannon} and \cite{GallagerInformationTheory} (Pages 491-500, in particular, see Definition (9.8.3) and Theorem 9.8.3 for achievability), that the limit of the normalized rate-disto... | train/arxiv |
BkiUf6rxK4tBVgEFXtRK | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Recently \cite{Herdeiro:2011ck,Coelho:2012sy}, we have studied the collision of two $D$-dimensional Aichelburg-Sexl (AS) shock waves \cite{Aichelburg:1970dh}, using a method first developed (in $D=4$) by D'Eath and Payne \cite{D'Eath:1992hb,D'Eath:1992hd,D'Eath:1992qu}, with the goal of obtaining... | train/arxiv |
BkiUfBo4uzliCt-nLgez | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
\par
We propose a quantization of a scalar field inside the Schwarzschild
black hole. We adopt the conventional canonical
quantization approach and the well known
classical fact that in the Schwarzschild\ interior test particles move
inexorably inward. It thus seems reasonable to assume that in... | train/arxiv |
BkiUa-U5qg5A5wELCQ1R | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Periodic driving is a powerful tool to engineer variety of unique and fascinating phenomena in many-body systems, such as Mott-insulator-superfluid transition\cite{Mott1}, dynamical gauge field\cite{DynGF1,DynGF2}, many-body echo\cite{mbe1, mbe2, mbe3}, the
realization of topological band structu... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdds4eIXgu5sT-IiW | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
The notion of an abstract Riemannian manifold raises the question of whether every such manifold can be isometrically realized as a submanifold of Euclidean space. This problem has been given an affirmative answer in the smooth category by Nash \cite{Nash:1954:CII}, provided that the codimension... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdLzxK0zjCxN_tM1S | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
In this work we study the scalar-isoscalar resonances $f_{0}(1370)$,
f_{0}(1500)$ and $f_{0}(1710)$ \cite{PDG} in the framework of the extended
Linear Sigma Model (eLSM) \cite{susden, dilaton, dick, dilnf3}. The eLSM is
built accordingly to two fundamental properties of QCD: chiral symmetry and... | train/arxiv |
BkiUcwI241xiEnW_4M8m | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
The tidal disruption, and subsequent accretion, of a star by the super massive black hole (SMBH) at the centre of a galaxy offers a novel probe of an otherwise quiescent population of massive black holes. These tidal disruption events (TDEs) result in luminous flares which in the last two decades... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdoU5qsNCPfj-mTFw | 5 | 1 |
\section{Conclusion Remarks}
In order to generate a suitable and excellent land-use configuration solution objectively and reduce the heavy burden of urban planning specialists, we proposed an automatic land-use configuration planner framework.
This framework generates the land-use solution based on the context embedd... | train/arxiv |
BkiUcbDxK4tBViZLEwRH | 5 | 1 | \section*{Required Metadata}
\label{}
\section*{Current code version}
\label{}
\begin{table}[H]
\begin{tabular}{|l|p{6.5cm}|p{6.5cm}|}
\hline
\textbf{Nr.} & \textbf{Code metadata description} & \textbf{Please fill in this column} \\
\hline
C1 & Current code version & cWB-6.4.0 \\
\hline
C2 & Permanent link to code/re... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdK44eILhQLGUUWgL | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a undirected simple graph on $n$ vertices with vertex set $V=\{v_1,v_2,\ldots,v_n\}$. The \emph{adjacency matrix} of $G$ is an $n\times n$ matrix $A(G)$ whose $(i,j)$-entry is $1$ if $v_i$ is adjacent to $v_j$ and is $0$ otherwise. The \emph{degree} of $v_i$, denoted by $d_i$, is the n... | train/arxiv |
BkiUcarxK7ICUyBuz79w | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
The simplest form of the three-body problem is called the restricted
three-body problem(RTBP), in which a particle of infinitesimal mass
moves in the gravitational field of two massive bodies orbiting
according to the exact solution of the two-body problem. In the
circular problem, the two finite... | train/arxiv |
BkiUbqA5qoTDt2GdhaPa | 5 | 1 |
\section{Contrastive Feature Generation}
\label{Sec:Contrast_Features}
In Section~\ref{Sec:Contrast}, we motivated the usage of gradients of a pre-trained network $f()$ to obtain contrast. However, the minimum possible change in network $f()$ to encompass the contrast may not always be possible from just the gradient... | train/arxiv |
BkiUbqQ5qWTD6heGq6Mz | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
A hypergraph is a pair $\mathcal{H}=(V,E)$ where $V$ is a vertex set and $E\subseteq 2^V$ is an edge set. For a fixed set of positive integers $R$, we say $\mathcal{H}$ is an $R$-uniform hypergraph, or $R$-graph for short, if the cardinality of each edge belongs to $R$.
If $R=\{k\}$, then an $R$... | train/arxiv |
BkiUbPrxaKgS2EKBgkrg | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most important tools for clinical diagnosis of various diseases, due to its excellent and versatile soft tissue contrast. Clinical MRI is based on expert interpretation of anatomical images of varying contrasts and thus tends to retain a level of sub... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdFM4eIZjqV0yNCjE | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Van der Waals heterobilayers consisting of vertically stacked monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide semiconductors (TMDs) form atomically sharp interfaces with type-II band alignment \cite{chiu2015determination,wilson2017determination}. This band alignment enables the formation of in... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdNk4eIZjjLi4T0jn | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Online judges are systems that provide fully automated evaluation of algorithms, which solve computational problems submitted by their users. The term online judge was introduced by Kurnia, Lim, and Cheang in 2001 as an online platform that supports fully automated, real-time evaluation of sour... | train/arxiv |
BkiUciQ4ubnjorQ5qydj | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
The unitarity method introduced in~\cite{Bern:1994zx, Bern:1994cg} is designed to
compute any scattering amplitude by matching its unitarity cuts
onto the corresponding cuts of
its expansion in a basis of master integrals~\cite{MasterIntegrals}
with rational coefficients. Each of these coeffic... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdBQ4ubngyxyhl2fE | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
After the string theory had indicated that noncommutative (NC) gauge field theory (GFT) could be one of its low-energy effective-theory realisation \cite{Seiberg:1999vs}, the studies on noncommutative particle phenomenology started their development \cite{Hinchliffe:2002km,Trampetic:2008bk}. The... | train/arxiv |
BkiUbdbxaKgS2MYsNrxc | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
In this note we will study \emph{lamplighter random walks} on graphs.
First we show the equivalence of the lamplighter random
walk with the random walk on percolation clusters
(Theorem~\ref{thm:pnix=epCx}) by comparing moments.
The main result is a spectral resolution of its transition operator
(... | train/arxiv |
BkiUcInxK4tBVhvvrLWX | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Tidal interactions likely play a role in a wide variety of astrophysical scenarios, mediating the interactions and influencing the orbital evolution of moons, planets, stars, and compact objects alike \citep{Ogilvie2014}. Despite their wide-reaching relevance, several quantitative details of tid... | train/arxiv |
BkiUe8_xK6mkyCKC2lpg | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Star formation activities in the extreme outer regions
of gas-rich disk galaxies have recently come to be discussed
extensively not only in the context of star formation laws in
low-density environments of galaxies
but also in the context of formation and evolution of disk galaxies
(e.g., Fe... | train/arxiv |
BkiUfCzxK6EuNA_gPeog | 5 | 1 | \section{Proof of Lemma~\ref{lemma}}
\label{sec_lemma}
Below we prove a stronger version of Lemma~\ref{lemma} from the main text.
Instead of maximizing the QFI on the left-hand side of Eq.~\eqref{eq_thm_bound} over input states $\rho$, we explicitly provide a concrete state for which the bound holds.
\setcounter{lemma... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdpc5qhDBblGOU8hA | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
First principles electronic structure methods have been used to
describe and explain a wide range of properties for different condensed matter systems.
A critical step is the accurate determination of the ground
state atomic structure, since many important properties of a material can chang... | train/arxiv |
BkiUc0k4ubngyA6kKs2M | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\vspace*{-3pt}
Egocentric videos, also referred to as first-person videos, have been frequently advocated to provide a unique perspective into object interactions~\cite{kanade2012first,fathi2011understanding, mayol2004interaction}.
These capture the viewpoint of an objec... | train/arxiv |
BkiUduE5qhDBZQiepITu | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
We consider a coupled non-autonomous system with time-dependent coefficients which describes
interaction of a homogeneous viscous fluid
which occupies a domain $ \EuScript O$ bounded by
the solid walls of the container $S$ and a horizontal boundary $\Om$
on which a thin nonlinear elastic plate ... | train/arxiv |
BkiUde45qX_BxN0lOEqR | 5 | 1 | \section{Degree Boundedness}
\label{sec:boundedness}
The boundedness problem (Def. \ref{def:decision}, point
\ref{decision:bound}) asks for the existence of a bound on the degree
(Def. \ref{def:degree}) of the models of a sentence $\exists x_1
\ldots \exists x_{\arityof{\predname{A}}} ~.~
\predname{A}(x_1,\ldots,x_{\a... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdeQ5qhDBPRyD_KQV | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Let $C \subset \mathbb{P}^2$ be an irreducible plane curve of degree $d \ge 4$ over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p \ge 0$, and let $k(C)$ be its function field.
We consider the projection $\pi_P: C \dashrightarrow \mathbb{P}^1$ from a point $P \in \mathbb{P}^2$.
If $\pi_... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdybxaJJQnJA_XumD | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
{\it Extreme events} (also called critical transitions, disasters,
catastrophes and crises) are a most important yet least understood
feature of many natural and human-made processes.
Among examples are destructive earthquakes, El-Ni\~nos,
economic depressions, stock-market crash... | train/arxiv |
BkiUgPzxK7IDOUSbv6xb | 5 | 1 |
\section{Introduction}
Given a collection of 2D polygons, a \emph{gluing} describes a closed surface by specifying how to glue (a part of) each edge of these polygons onto (a part of) another edge. Alexandrov's uniqueness theorem~\cite{alex} states that any valid gluing that is homeomorphic to a sphere and t... | train/arxiv |
BkiUbBk4eIZijQpFYIvV | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In recent years, massive multiple-input single-output (MISO) has been actively investigated for fifth-generation (5G) and future wireless communication systems due to its significant gain in spectral efficiency \cite{marzetta2010noncooperative}. Because of the large number of an... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdQQ5qhLA_wzE9Dms | 5 | 1 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The high depletion factors found for Fe in the interstellar medium (ISM), down
to $\log(\mbox{Fe}/\mbox{H})-\log(\mbox{Fe}/\mbox{H})_\odot=-2.3$
\citep{sav96}, and the relatively high cosmic abundance of this element, imply
that Fe is a very important contributor to the mass of refractory dust g... | train/arxiv |
BkiUfHvxK7IAE_K9yq1V | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Let $\N$ denote the set of non-negative integers, $X$ be a separable and infinite dimensional Banach space over the real or complex scalar field $\K$, and let $\mathcal{B}(X)$ denote the algebra of bounded linear operators on $X$. An operator $T \in \mathcal{B}(X)$ is called {\it hypercyclic} i... | train/arxiv |
BkiUc9E4eIZjgBtf8Rzj | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-.2cm}
This paper gives a categorical structure to each of the classes of Lie bialgebras, Manin triples, classical $r$-matrices, $\calo$-operators and pre-Lie algebras by introducing their morphisms. The morphisms are compatible with natural correspondences among these classes, so that th... | train/arxiv |
BkiUd385qsBDGjv8hz19 | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
While much is known about the invariants of conformal manifolds, the same
cannot be said for the invariants of submanifolds in conformal
geometries. Codimension-1 embedded submanifolds (or {\em
hypersurfaces}) are important for applications
in geometric analysis and physics.
An extremely inte... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdNo4ubng04WQtbrL | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Tidal stream energy is being developed rapidly as a promising complement to intermittent wind and solar energy, owing to the high predictability of tides \citep{Adcock2021}. To ensure tidal energy is successfully embedded into the future net-zero carbon energy mix, we need to understand the flow... | train/arxiv |
BkiUd8s4uBhjD09iHz3K | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
Interprocedural data flow analysis incorporates the effects of procedure
calls on the callers and callees. A context-insensitive analysis does not
distinguish between distinct calls to a procedure.
This causes the propagation of data flow values
across interprocedurally invalid paths (i.e. pat... | train/arxiv |
BkiUfSHxK7IAE_K9yvDb | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
The absence of a fully consistent quantum theory of gravity is felt by
many theorists as a challenge. The corresponding research is not
motivated by present phenomenology. But it is likely that the difficulty
one encounters trying to merge together general relativity and quantum
mechanics reflect... | train/arxiv |
BkiUbLDxK6EuNCvenzWB | 5 | 1 |
\section{$\mathrm{#2}$}%
\tikzsetnextfilename{#2}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7]%
\input{#1/sketch/#2}%
\end{tikzpicture}%
\endpgfgraphicnamed%
}
\newcommand{\inserttikzframe}[2][.]{\section{$\mathrm{#2}$}%
\tikzsetnextfilename{#2}%
\input{#1/tikz/#2}%
\endpgfgraphicnamed%
}
\section*{M... | train/arxiv |
BkiUcL_xK6EuNBRhHO9m | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}\label{secI}
In a previous work \cite{TV}, and related to the
so called inverse Galois problem, we raised the question of whether or not a given
effective group action on a manifold is determined, or ``described", by non-classic
tensors in general, or more specifically, by vector fields. More
pr... | train/arxiv |
BkiUeDk4dbghcDJYGDeo | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
High porosity silica aerogels are the only known means for studying the effect of impurities on the otherwise completely pure superfluid phases of $^{3}$He. Recently there has been substantial interest in exploring the role of structural anisotropy in the aerogel and how it pertains to superflui... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdCzxK7IDPXIhnN67 | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}\label{Introduction}
The Orion Kleinmann-Low (KL) nebula is the closest \citep[414 pc,][]{Menten2007} and most studied high-mass star-forming region in the Galaxy. The prevailing chemistry in this source is particularly complex as a result of the interactions between newly formed protostars, thei... | train/arxiv |
BkiUfqHxK19JmhArF1Am | 5 | 1 |
\section{Introduction}
\label{section: intro}
In recent years, coding has been reinvented for solving problems in distributed computing systems from different perspectives such as straggler mitigation \cite{lee2017speeding,dutta2016short,ferdinand2016anytime,yu2018straggler,bitar2017minimizing,karakus2017straggler,ha... | train/arxiv |
BkiUczQ5qoTAjdlTMAUW | 5 | 1 | \subsection*{Introduction}
In the Newtonian physics two point-like particles can be in equilibrium if the product of their masses is equal to the product of their charges (we use the units for which $G=c=1$). In General Relativity, till now the equilibrium condition for two particle-like sources imposed on their phy... | train/arxiv |
BkiUfNM5qhLBrnqN0LbQ | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
Deep neural networks (DNNs), especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs) \cite{lenet}, have received tremendous attention due to their ability to surpass human-level accuracy on a wide range of complex tasks such as recognition, classification and detection \cite{deeplearning}. ... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdcQ5qhLBXU5kwGX9 | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
A harmonic polynomial is a complex-valued harmonic function given by:
\[H_{n,m}(z)=p(z)+q(\overline{z}),\]
where $p$ and $q$ are analytic complex polynomials of degree $n$ and $m$ respectively and $\overline{z}$ denotes the complex conjugate of $z$. Since $H$ is not analytic, the Fundamental The... | train/arxiv |
BkiUbKc25V5hc_OxwJ48 | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
There are different ways to establish large deviation principles
(LDP) for dynamical systems. One of them is the so-called "Laplace
Method", which relies on the spectral properties of the
Perron-Frobenius, or transfer, operator. This strategy has been
developed in a very general and abstract set... | train/arxiv |
BkiUbp7xaJiQn5NNiKPH | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC/SMC), as the closest pair of interacting dwarf satellites of the Milky Way \citep[at distances of \textasciitilde50 and \textasciitilde60~kpc respectively:][]{pietrzynskiDistanceLargeMagellanic2019,graczykDistanceDeterminationSmall2020a}... | train/arxiv |
BkiUeanxK7IDOE3osmhz | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{mal} Malkin studied the bifurcation of $T$-periodic
solutions in the $n$--dimensional $T$-periodic systems of the form
\begin{equation}\label{mig}
\dot x = f(t,x)+\varepsilon g(t,x,\varepsilon)
\end{equation}
where both functions $f$ and $g$ are sufficiently smooth.
It is assumed i... | train/arxiv |
BkiUaWPxK3xgpbERAtex | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
In the past decade, an abundance of magnetic materials has been discovered featuring skyrmions, i.e., topologically nontrivial spin textures.\cite{2013:Nagaosa:NN} An incomplete list of bulk systems includes cubic chiral magnets such as the B20 transition metal compounds \cite{2009:Muhlbauer:Sci... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdaU5qoTAooKPOcv_ | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
BiI$_3$ is a semiconducting atomic layered material in a rhombohedral structure\cite{Trotter1966,Schluter1976,Ruck1995} and belong to a family of layered metal trihalides same as CrI$_3$, a ferromagetic insulator\cite{Zhang2015,Seyler2018,Wu2019}.
This atomic layered material has the energy gap c... | train/arxiv |
BkiUdxA25V5hYDkHHgdd | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
The idea of embedding our Universe in a higher dimensional space has
attracted a considerable interest recently, due to the proposal by Randall
and Sundrum that our four-dimensional (4D) spacetime is a three-brane,
embedded in a 5D spacetime (the bulk) ~\cite{Randall,Randall2}. This
proposal is ... | train/arxiv |
BkiUbBU5qsFAftmvMySB | 5 | 1 | \subsection{Capacity-Achieving Inputs for the Deletion Channel}
In~\cite{Dobrushin_1967}, Dobrushin proves a capacity result for a class of synchronization error channels that includes the binary deletion channel.
That paper also shows that the capacity can be approached by a sequence of finite-order Markov input dist... | train/arxiv |
BkiUc6025YjgKOpQ6IO- | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The Russia-Ukraine war has sent a seismic wave to the energy market
and brought soaring gas prices under the spotlight.
Ideally, the optimal retail fuel price at the pump needs to take into account many factors, including
the crude oil price, the transportation cost, the brand ... | train/arxiv |
BkiUd-85qoTBFq8c9cDR | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
It was recently suggested \cite {PC09,PCC09} that the binding energy of Cooper pairs is not constant.
Breaking one Cooper pair has an effect on all other Cooper pairs, due to the
Pauli blocking of the composite bosons. In the present note we introduce a simple microscopic
model in which the bindi... | train/arxiv |
BkiUaRrxK6nrxrSHcshT | 5 | 1 |
\section{Introduction}
Counting problems in graphs can be very difficult, i.e. $\#P$-hard in
the general case, even for simple objects such as trees and independent sets.
Research on graph classes has been motivated by such ``hard" decision or
optimization problems, and restricting the input to given graph classes
... | train/arxiv |
BkiUfes5qhDC0uAdXBXn | 5 | 1 | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Coupled-cluster (CC) theory \cite{coester58_421,coester60_477,cizek66_4256,paldus72_50,purvis82_1910,paldus1999critical,RevModPhys.79.291}
has evolved into one of the most accurate formulations to capture complex correlation effects defining a broad class of quantum effects that dr... | train/arxiv |
BkiUau7xK7FjYCv2Pfaq | 5 | 1 |
\section{Applications}
\label{sec:applications}
Let us briefly discuss now some possible future applications
of the NNPDF fitting framework presented in this work.
As representative examples, we consider the
inclusion of new experimental data,
producing fits varying the theory settings, and
going beyond the determin... | train/arxiv |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.