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55193349 | Response Surface Analysis The three dimensional response surface plots can make predictive model equations more intuitive. Therefore, the surface response plot of the model is established and the influence of independent variables on the dependent variables is visualized through the adjustment of one factor at the same... | 18 |
29158677 | Intraoperative hemorrhage during pediatric craniofacial reconstruction and other surgical procedures can be significant and may exceed the circulating blood volume [1] mandating substantial perioperative transfusion. The intraoperative administration of antifibrinolytic agents is increasingly used to minimize blood los... | 1 |
29158677 | Introduction Intraoperative hemorrhage during pediatric craniofacial reconstruction and other surgical procedures can be significant and may exceed the circulating blood volume [1] mandating substantial perioperative transfusion.The intraoperative administration of antifibrinolytic agents is increasingly used to minim... | 2 |
29158677 | Reagents and chemicals EACA (epsilon-aminocaproic acid) and 7-aminoheptanoic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Cambridge, MA, USA) (Fig. 1).The different lots of drug-free (blank) human plasma (prepared with citrate-phosphate-dextrose, or citrate-phosphate-dextrose-dextrose or citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine) ... | 3 |
29158677 | Liquid chromatography The Shimadzu HPLC system consisted of two LC-20AD delivery pumps, a DGU-20A5 Shimadzu vacuum degasser, a SIL-20AC Shimadzu autosampler and a CBM-20A system controller (Shimadzu Scientific Instruments; Columbia, MD, USA).HPLC separations were performed on a Thermo Scientific Nucleosil C18 analytica... | 4 |
29158677 | Mass spectrometry analysis Samples were analyzed with an ABI/Sciex 4000 triple quadropole mass spectrometer equipped with Turbo Ionspray.Software for controlling this equipment, acquiring and processing data was Analyst version 1.6.2software (MDS Sciex; Toronto, Canada).The positive ion mode for MS/MS analysis was sele... | 5 |
29158677 | Preparation of standards and quality control (QC) samples Two independent EACA stock solutions at 25 mg/mL in water were prepared: standard solutions were prepared from one stock solution and QC samples were prepared from the other.The stock solutions were stored at -20 °C and were stable at least for 1 year.The primar... | 6 |
29158677 | Sample preparation Blood samples were collected in Microtainer tubes (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) containing lithium heparin and stored at 4°C for up to 12 h prior to centrifugation and separation of plasma [14].To 50 µL of each standard, QC, blank, and unknown plasma samples from clinical studies in 1.5 mL Eppendorf ... | 7 |
29158677 | Method validation Method validation and documentation were performed according to guidelines set by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for bioanalytical method validation [16].This method was validated in terms of linearity, specificity, lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), recovery, intra-and inter-da... | 8 |
29158677 | Linearity and sensitivity For the evaluation of the linearity of the standard calibration curve, the analyses of EACA in plasma samples were performed on three independent days using fresh preparations.The calibrations curves were prepared over a linear range of 1-250 µg/mL at eight concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 50,... | 9 |
29158677 | Specificity The specificity was defined as non-interference at retention times of EACA from the endogenous plasma components and no cross-interference between EACA and internal standard using the proposed extraction procedure and LC-MS/MS conditions.Six different lots of blank (EACA free plasma, prepared with lithium h... | 10 |
29158677 | Accuracy and precision The intra-and inter-assay precisions were determined using the CV (%), and the intra-and inter-assay accuracies were expressed as the percent difference between the measured concentration and the nominal concentration.The % accuracy of the method was expressed by the formula: %accuracy=(measured ... | 11 |
29158677 | Recovery (extraction efficiency) and matrix effect The extraction efficiency of EACA was determined by analyzing three replicates of EACA plasma samples at three QC concentrations of 4, 40 and 200 µg/mL.Recovery was calculated by comparing the peak areas of EACA added into blank plasma and extracted using the protein p... | 12 |
29158677 | Stability study The stability of EACA in human plasma was assessed by analyzing replicates QC samples at concentrations of 4, 40 and 200 µg/mL (n=6), during the sample and storage procedure (in 4 mL amber vials).For all stability studies, freshly prepared and stability testing QC samples were evaluated by using a fresh... | 13 |
29158677 | Pharmacokinetics of EACA in children This assay was implemented for analysis of PK samples from healthy infants aged 2-24 months undergoing craniofacial surgery without history of renal impairment or a history of a coagulation disorder [15].Subjects were sequentially enrolled in one of the three cohorts.Each subject re... | 14 |
29158677 | Linearity, sensitivity and specificity The method was validated at the above criteria and found to be linear for the concentration range of 1 -250 µg/ mL.A representative calibration curve for EACA is shown in Fig. 3.The linear correlation coefficient (r) from inter-day analysis was found to be greater than 0.98 in all... | 15 |
29158677 | Precision and Accuracy At the eight calibration standards, the intra-day (n=6) precision ranged from 1.1-7.1% and the accuracy ranged measured concentrations of EACA (mean ± SD, n=6) in the post-extract spiked samples were 4.11 ± 0.16, 39.5 ± 1.69 and 180 ± 2.23 µg/mL, respectively.To further evaluate matrix effect, ... | 16 |
29158677 | EACA stability The stability of EACA was investigated to cover expected conditions during sample preparation and storage for all samples, which include data from freeze/thaw, shortterm and long-term stability studies (Table 3).The precision for freeze/thaw samples (n=6) ranged from 1.4-10.9%and the accuracy ranged from... | 17 |
29158677 | Assay specificity and ionization suppression (matrix effect) Matrix effect can affect the reproducibility from the analyte or the internal standard of the assay.The matrix effect, or intensity of ion suppression or enhancement is caused by co-eluting matrix components.The matrix effect of EACA and IS were calculated us... | 18 |
29158677 | Pharmacokinetics of EACA in children The representative PK profiles of EACA in 3 subjects are shown in Fig. 6.Subject 1 received an IV loading dose of 25 mg/kg followed by a CIVI of 10 mg/kg/h of EACA (cohort 1), subject 2 received an IV loading dose of 50 mg/kg followed by a CIVI of 20 mg/kg/h of EACA (cohort 2) and s... | 19 |
29158677 | Discussion EACA is a potent antifibrinolytic agent that inhibits plasmin-plasminogen system [5].EACA is a natural product that is present in wine lees [19] and cyclized product of EACA, caprolactam is used as an intermediate in synthesis of nylon 6 [20,21].We developed an EACA assay that has a rapid sample preparation ... | 20 |
238682332 | During a screening for novel and useful actinobacteria in desert animal, a new actinomycete was isolated and designated strain TRM63209T. The strain was isolated from in vivo of a Blattella germanica in Tarim University in Alar City, Xinjiang, north-west China. The strain was found to exhibit an inhibitory effect on bi... | 1 |
238682332 | Introduction The genus Streptomyces was initially described in 1943 (Waksman and Henrici 1943) and more than 850 species with valid names of Streptomyces have been published (https://www.bacterio.net/streptomyces. html) (Zhang et al. 2017). Streptomyces are aerobic Gram-positive bacteria with well-developed mycelia, w... | 2 |
238682332 | Isolation of Streptomyces strain and culture conditions As part of a program to unravel the diversity of symbiotic actinomycetes in insect-microbe and to discover novel actinomycetes and novel natural products, strain TRM63209 T was isolated from the in vivo of a Blattella germanica, the Tarim University, Alar, Xinjian... | 3 |
238682332 | Chemotaxonomy Isomers of diaminopimelic acid were analysed following the method of Hasegawa et al. (1983). The whole cell sugar composition was analysed following the method of Staneck and Roberts (1974). Polar lipids in cells of strain TRM63209 T were extracted and examined by two-dimensional TLC and identified follow... | 4 |
238682332 | Phylogenetic analyses Genomic DNA extraction and PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene from strain TRM63209 T were performed following Chun and Goodfellow (1995). The purified PCR product was cloned into the vector pMD19-T (Takara) and sent to Sangon for gene sequencing. Multiple alignments with sequences from closely... | 5 |
238682332 | Results and discussion Strain TRM63209 T was observed to grow optimally on ISP 3 and ISP 2, and showed moderate growth on ISP 1, ISP 4, ISP 5, nutrient agar and Gause's synthetic agar no. 1, with slow growth on ISP 6, ISP 1 and Czapek's medium. Light yellow soluble pigment was produced in ISP 5 and greenish White solub... | 6 |
94920295 | Five membered nitrogen and sulfur heterocyclic compounds such as isatins, benzimidazole, benzimidazolin-2-thi one, bcnzoxazoli none- 2, bcnzoxazoli n-2-th ione, henzotriazole, benzoth iazoli n-2 -th ione, 1 ,3,4-oxadiazoli n-5-thione and 1,2,4-triazolin-5-thiones have been prepared and subjected to aminomethylation rea... | 1 |
94920295 | 4-Chloroisatin 70% pH 4.5 The isomeric mixture 5 of 4 and 6 ch\oro isatins was dissolved in N/2 NaOH. The solution was filtered. To the filtrate N/2 HCl was gradually added. As the pH dropped below 8 precipitation of 4-chloroisatin commenced which was completed at pH 4. 5 be due to extensive sulfonation of the aromati... | 2 |
94920295 | ¢' -~ It is obvious that the precipitation of 4-and 6-substituted isatins from alkaline solution of their isomeric mixtures over widely differing pH values affords a novel and efficient method for their separation. The method, indeed is of wide applicability as it can be used to separate iso-meric binary mixtures of or... | 3 |
94920295 | Aminomethylation of benzimidazole Benzimidazole(s) (48) contain an active hydrogen atom attached to nitrogen which can be easily replaced by an aminomethyl group 18 -22 (49) in the presence of formalin and an amine. Many benzimidazoles arc available commercially. If desired they arc easily prepared from appropriately s... | 4 |
94920295 | 632 During fusion with urea considerable decomposition takes place resulting in the lower yields of the material. We have developed a preparative method for benzoxazolinone-2. In this procedure o-aminophenol and urea are heated in dry pryridine. After pyridine is distilled off the residue is poured into water thereby p... | 7 |
94920295 | Aminomethylation of benzoxazolin-2-thione Next we have taken a closely related system benzoxazolin-2-thione (64) to be studied for amino-methylation reaction. Its method of preparation is described in organic synthesis 41 . The procedure involves treatment of o-aminophenol (63) with potassium ethylxanthate in ethanol f... | 8 |
94920295 | Aminomethylation of benzotriazole Benzotriazole, a five membered heterocyclic system with three nitrogen atoms at 1.2,3 positions contains an active hydrogen atom attached to nitrogen atom. It was subjected to aminomethy1ation reaction 45 benzotriazoles (72) can also be obtained by treating l-hydroxymethylbenzotriazol... | 9 |
94920295 | Microwave mediated aminomethylation Microwave mediated synthesis of heterocyclic compounds have attracted more attention of chemists because of shorter reaction time, simple reaction conditions, higher yields and purer products. Many reactions like oxidation, reduction, alkylation, 0-benzylation, hydrazinolysis, esteri... | 10 |
94920295 | Mechanism of aminomethylation reaction The aminomethylation reaction 61 -6 7 is believed to tak.-: place in two steps. Initially the amine reacts with formaldehyde to generate an aminomethylol (A). The aminomethylol (A) then reacts with active hydrogen containing substrate [say for instance benzoxazolinone-2 (B)] to fu... | 11 |
85505397 | INTRODUCTION The usage of bismuth as a solvent instead of gallium in the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) of GaAs has been recently reported and associated with a decrease of the carrier concentration and a considerable increase of carrier mobility in the deposited GaAs layers [1,2].It is well known that silicon is a residu... | 2 |
85505397 | EXPERIMENTAL 2.1 Growth of Specimens The epitaxial layers were grown on Cr-doped semi-insulating (100)m oriented GaAs substrates with > 107ff2cm and dislocation density 5.104/cm supplied by the CEMI (a local vendor).The substrates were cut to dimensions 10 x 11.5 mm and cleaned in organic solvents followed by an etch i... | 3 |
85505397 | Electrical evaluations of the GaAs Epilayers Hall and C-V measurements were used to characterise the GaAs epitaxial layers and results are summarised in Table 2. The measurements were carried out at 300K.The layers of IV to VI groups were not measured. .3 X-Ray Investigations X-Ray diffraction patterns for the epitaxi... | 4 |
85505397 | DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS The following conclusions can be drawn from the investigations: the epitaxial layers are GaAs monocrystalline with the crystallographic orientation (100) independent of the used solution composition.Bi and Cr were not identified in the investigated layers in the sensitivity range (0.1 at %) ... | 6 |
101406833 | The research work is focused on thermal engine structures undergoing isobaric expansion-compression based thermal engines powered by ocean thermal energy. The isobaric expansion-compression based thermal cycles referred to in this paper, differs from the conventional quadrilateral Carnot based thermal cycles in that th... | 1 |
101406833 | INTRODUCTION All the known thermal cycles under use so far are derived from the Carnot engine, which means quadrilateral cycles in which ideally heat is absorbed at constant temperature (top temperature) and work is delivered when temperature decreases from the top temperature to approach the bottom temperature under ... | 2 |
101406833 | DESCRIPTION OF THE OTEC POWER PLANT OPERATING WITH CLOSED ISOBARIC EXPANSION-COMPRESSION BASED TRANSFORMATIONS The core of the proposed OTEC power convertor is the isobaric expansion-compression based cylinders (IECC), which is schematically depicted in Fig. 2. The OTEC-IECC system shown in Fig. 2 uses four operating f... | 3 |
101406833 | Description of the IECC Functioning The IECC is an active part of the OTEC responsible for converting the thermal energy of a gaseous working fluid into mechanical work. According to the structure of the IECC, two general modes of converting thermal energy to mechanical work are feasible: -Conversion of thermal energy ... | 4 |
101406833 | Fig. 2. Structure of the OTEC implemented with an actuator cylinder as power power convertor The processes of cooling and heating a working fluid, which are responsible for converting heat into work (performing mechanical work), are depicted in Fig. 3. The process of converting partially the thermal energy contained in... | 5 |
101406833 | Performing mechanical work by cooling a fluid Considering the piston located at position Y and the two position three way valves positioned so that cooler X and heater Y are active, with the rest of heat exchangers inactive, the energy balance for the cooling transformation yields ) ( has been assumed. Therefore the me... | 6 |
101406833 | Performing mechanical work by heating a fluid Considering the piston located at position X and the two position three way valves positioned so that the heater X and the cooler Y are active, with the rest of heat exchangers inactive, the energy balance for the heating transformation yields has been assumed. As consequen... | 7 |
101406833 | Description of the OTEC Thermal Cycle The structure of the thermal cycle composed by IECCs (isobaric expansion-compression based cylinders) which exhibits certain similarity with the plant structure described in [18] is shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 respectively. The cycle functioning consists of four main operating steps... | 8 |
101406833 | Non-regenerative IECC The non regenerative cycle is composed by the following steps according to the information depicted in Fig. 4(a) and Fig. 4(b): where hot WF expands at constant pressure p 3 =p 2 into the side (X) of the cylinder coming through the valve (HV) at high temperature, and simultaneously, cooled WF is b... | 9 |
101406833 | Regenerative IECC The regenerative IECC is composed by the following steps according to the information depicted with Fig. 4(a) and Fig. 4(c): -step (6)-(1) corresponding to the regeneration phase, where the regeneration valve (RV) remains open and the pressure in the side (X) of the cylinder increases from p 6 to p 1 ... | 10 |
101406833 | MODELLING THE CLOSED TRANSFORMATION BASED NON REGENERATIVE IECC This section introduces a class of thermal engines characterised by its ability to develop mechanical work simultaneously during the heat absorbing and heat rejection processes. In order to show the behaviour of a generic IECC to which the Carnot statement... | 11 |
101406833 | The Non Regenerative IECC In order to apply a technique on closed system based transformations in which the cooling phase (4)-(1) responsible for heat rejection is carried out by performing simultaneously useful mechanical work, the thermal cycle depicted in Fig. 4(a) and 4(b) is analysed under ideal assumptions [19]. ... | 12 |
101406833 | THE NON-REGENERATIVE CASE STUDY Cycle modelling is carried out with data extracted from [20] (REFPROP) and the tool Engineering Equation Solver (EES). The REFPROP consists of an up-to date data base used for property calculations and is available in commercial software packages whose library makes use of Helmholtz fund... | 13 |
101406833 | Results and Discussion The results of the study achieved using the EES yield the values of Table 2 and Fig. 5 using the data shown in Table A1 of the appendix A. The data used in the case study for the study of the hydrogen and helium as working fluids is taken from reference [20]. Cycle computation is referred to the ... | 14 |
101406833 | =280 K and T 3 = 298 K It is observed also that while the ideal thermal efficiency exhibits almost no temperature dependence, specific work depends strongly on temperature according to the results shown in Table 2. However, the pressure ratio (defined as the ratio of the highest (top) pressure to the lowest (bottom) pr... | 15 |
238085136 | Background: This study assessed the effects of varying concentrations of silicon (Si) on the reduction of cadmium (2mg/kg Cd) toxicity in Zingiber officinale Rosc. via growth modulation, photosynthetic efficiency, and antioxidant defense. Result: As the Cd level increased, the physiological indexes of ginger exhibited ... | 1 |
238085136 | 3 Background Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most poisonous heavy metals and widespread environmental pollutants [1]. The concentration of Cd in soil has been increasing in recent years. It is ranked as number seven among the top 20 toxins [2]. Its absorption coefficient is higher compared with other heavy metals such as co... | 2 |
238085136 | Result The effect of cadmium stress on the growth and quality of ginger There is an impact on ginger growth when 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg of Cd are applied during the growth process of ginger (Table 1). At 40d, the plant height and fresh weight were significantly lower than the CK at four mg/kg Cd level. At 80d and 120d after... | 3 |
238085136 | 7 The effect of silicon on Cd content, Cd accumulation in different organ of ginger under Cd stress Cd content was significantly reduced after the addition of Si under 2 mg/kg Cd stress (Table 5). At 40d and 80d, the Cd content of the rhizome and the root was significantly reduced after the addition of Si. At the same ... | 4 |
238085136 | Silicon augmented plant growth and biomass Heavy metal stress can destroy the physiological and biochemical processes in plants Silicon restored photosynthetic efficiency Cd could reduce chlorophyll synthesis, the photochemical quantum yield of ΦPSII, and the CO 2 fixation rate. It was reported that in maize, chlorophy... | 5 |
238085136 | Silicon modulated antioxidant activity Plants could use a series of strategies against the toxic effects of heavy metals under heavy metal stress conditions. The activities of SOD, POD, and CAT are of considerable significance to scavenge the ROS caused by heavy metals [48,49]. Previous studies have reported that Si me... | 6 |
238085136 | Experimental materials The experiment took place at Shandong Agricultural University at the experimental 14 horticulture station. The ginger variety used was "Laiwudajiang" (WanXing Food company, LaiWu, Shandong Province). The soil tested was pH=7.3, with 100.5 mg/kg alkalihydrolyzed nitrogen (N), 63.4 mg/kg available ... | 7 |
238085136 | Experimental design The experiment followed the environmental quality standard GB15618-2009.The Cd level was set at zero, one, two, and four mg/kg (soil). There were 10 basins per treatment, and each treatment had three replicates. Varying concentrations of cadmium chloride (CdCl2·2.5 H2O) solution was added to the soi... | 8 |
238085136 | Determination of growth indexes The plants were taken and rinsed with water. Plant height, stem diameter, branch number, leaf number, root, stem, leaf and fresh weight of rhizome were measured. After 20 minutes in the drying oven at 105 ℃, the samples were dried to constant weight at 75 ℃. The dry matter of each organ ... | 9 |
238085136 | Determination of quality The volume of soluble proteins, soluble sugars, free amino acids, crude fiber, and vitamin C were measured using various methods. Soluble proteins were measured by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. Soluble sugar content was determined using the anthrone colorimetry technique [54]. Free am... | 10 |
238085136 | Funding This study was supported by the National Characteristic Vegetable Industry Technology System Project (Grant No. CARS-24-A-09) and the Shandong Province's dual-class discipline construction project (Grant No. SYL2017YSTD06).The funding organizations provided the financial support to the research projects, but we... | 15 |
40189029 | A pirólise rápida do ácido oleico foi estudada sobre catalisadores com 10% Ni suportados em sílica e alumina. Os catalisadores foram impregnados com 10% m/m de ácido oleico. Os precursores secos e os catalisadores contendo ácido oleico foram caracterizados por análise termogravimétrica. Os catalisadores calcinados fora... | 1 |
40189029 | Introduction Upgrading of vegetable oils and related compounds to obtain liquid fuels has been extensively studied since the end of the 70's.][3][4][5][6] Transesterification is the process usually employed at the industrial level.In this case, vegetable oils react with a short chain alcohol to form esters of fatty ac... | 2 |
40189029 | Experimental Preparation of the catalysts Supported nickel catalysts with 10 wt.% Ni (as NiO) were prepared by impregnation with an excess of aqueous solution of nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate (Merck PA).The supports used were a transition alumina (Pural Sasol), and a commercial silica (Kali Chemie AF125), both in powd... | 3 |
40189029 | Addition of oleic acid onto the catalysts NiO/silica and NiO/alumina after a new drying at 150 °C were mixed with small amounts of pure oleic acid (OA) (Sigma Aldrich > 93%), in a mass proportion of 1 g of catalyst for 0.1 g of OA, under permanent manual agitation to allow complete spreading of the OA.At the end of thi... | 4 |
40189029 | Characterization of the catalysts Pure nickel nitrate and nickel nitrate deposited on both supports at the end of the drying treatment, as well as OA/NiO/silica and OA/NiO/alumina, were characterized by thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) using a Perkin Elmer STA 6000 instrument.The experiments wer... | 5 |
40189029 | Flash pyrolysis experiments The flash pyrolysis of pure OA and OA adsorbed on both NiO/supported samples were performed in a Pyroprobe CDS-5200 micropyrolysis set up, linked to a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis system (Shimadzu GC-MS QP 2010 Plus).The powdered sample of the OA/catalyst was placed ... | 6 |
55253853 | Nowadays, the uncontrolled use of antibiotics has created the problem of bacterial resistance to them, what has motivated the search for new alternatives of drug for the treatment of bacterial diseases. Here, we compare antimicrobial activity of spent substrate of mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes, agai... | 1 |
55253853 | Introduction The uncontrolled use of antibiotics has caused serious problems in human and animal health, causing that bacterias develop resistance to them, so World Health Organization considered to infections caused by bacteria resistant to drugs as a public health problem; therefore, it is necessary to find new phar... | 2 |
55253853 | Strain, Substrates and Cultivation Mushrooms The blocks (1 Kg) were obtained from Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, México.The blocks were formed by a mixture of barley straw; which were purchased in Central Abastos in Pachuca Hidalgo, Mexico, the taxonomic identifi... | 3 |
55253853 | Preparation of Organic Extracts The extracts were obtained by mixing 100 g of spent substrate mushroom of each treatments and 300 mL distilled water in case of Pleurotus ostreatus and 600 mL distilled water in case of Lentinula edodes.Then, the mix was macerated in blender during 1 min.Subsequently, mix macerated was f... | 4 |
55253853 | Antimicrobial Assay The antibacterial activity of the spent substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus and/or Lentinula edodes extracts were studied by the method of paper disc diffusion assay with slight modification (Kil et al., 2009).The bacterial pathogens strain were grown in liquid medium for 24 h to yield a final concentr... | 5 |
55253853 | Results Treatment with spent substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes extracts were effective against four bacterial strains tested; antibacterial activity at different concentrations is showed in Table 1; the tested bacteria were quantitatively assessed by measuring the diameter of inhibition generated fo... | 7 |
55253853 | Discussion In recent years the bacteria have acquired the ability of multi-resistance to antibiotics (Nehra, Meenakshi, & Yadav, 2012) which has generated that recent research are focus in the search for alternative treatments, such as fungi.Edible fungi such as Pleurotus ostreatus, have shown a high nutritional value ... | 8 |
5300972 | Os extratos de alcalóides de Lupinus spp., obtidos por métodos convencionais (maceração/ sonicação – extração em fase sólida; maceração/sonicação –extração líquido-líquido) e por SFE (extração com fluido supercrítico) usando CO2 e CO2 modificado (CO2/MeOH, CO2/EtOH, CO2/iPrOH e CO2/H2O) foram analisados por CGAR-DIC (c... | 1 |
5300972 | Introduction Lupinus spp.has been investigated in several countries as a potential alimentary source due to its relatively high protein and oil content (35 -40% and 8 -12%, respectively), high productivity and low cost.Although lupine protein levels are similar or larger than that of the soya bean, the main problem is... | 2 |
5300972 | Sample extraction: SFE Supercritical fluid extractions were performed on an analytical scale "home-made" system, previously described 6 .Powdered Lupinus samples (0.5 g each) were extracted for approximately 20 minutes in a dynamic mode, using as extraction fluids pure CO 2 or CO 2 modified with different solvents, as ... | 5 |
5300972 | Clean up Clean up was done by percolating the extract (obtained by conventional extraction or SFE), solubilized in 5.0 mL analytical grade methanol, through a glass Pasteur-type pipette containing 0.5 g silica gel 60, 70 -230 mesh (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and 0.5 g active charcoal (Reagen, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). E... | 6 |
5300972 | Chromatographic analysis HRGC-MS analyses were performed using a HP 5970 mass selective detector (Hewlett -Packard, USA), (EI, 70 eV), coupled to a HP 5890 GC.The column used was a 95% methyl, 5% phenylpolysiloxane, LM-5 (50 m x 0.25 mm x 0.65 mm) supplied by L & M (São Carlos, Brazil).Samples were injected using the s... | 7 |
5300972 | Extraction methods The yields for each extraction procedure were determined using both Brazilian commercial and Chilean samples (Table 2).The conventional extraction gave a similar yield, both by Extrelut preconcentration and liquid-liquid extraction (Figure 1).Most of the SFE procedures gave better yields than the con... | 8 |
5300972 | Chemical composition of the extracts HRGC-MS analysis of the extracts obtained from a commercial Lupinus sample allowed tentative identification of three alkaloids, by comparison with literature data 7 : lupanine (1), multiflorine (2) and a spartein derivative (3).Many other compounds were identified as alkaloids, but ... | 9 |
5300972 | Quantitative analysis Quantitative analyses were made for the main alkaloids.Lupanine was found in all of the Lupinus extracts.The regres-sion equations for the analytical curves were y= 0.0359 + 0.6647 x (r=0.999) for lupanine (1), y= -0.0236 + 0.1126 x (r= 0.999) for multiflorine (2) and y= 0.06203 + 0.02893 x (r= 0.... | 10 |
54744402 | An efficient and convenient method was developed for synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives via the four-component coupling reaction between ketone, aldehyde, malononitrile, and ammonium acetate in the presence of 2 mol% copper nanoparticles on charcoal (Cu/C) catalyst. A variety of ketones and aldehydes was ... | 1 |
54744402 | Introduction 2][3] Polysubstituted pyridines possess important biological and pharmacological activities and could be used as potential agrochemicals, for example as herbicides. 4In addition, the molecules containing pyridine moiety are used as non linear optical materials, 5 electrical materials, 6 and chelating agen... | 2 |
54744402 | Synthesis of copper nanoparticles on charcoal (Cu/C) The activated carbon (1.0 g) was refluxed in nitric acid solution (5.0 mol L -1 , 30 mL) for 6 h, washed with deionized water until pH 6-7 and finally dried in an oven at 110 °C for 12 h under vacuum.For the synthesis of Cu/C, CuI (100 mg) was dissolved in absolute e... | 3 |
54744402 | 2-Amino-4,6-diphenylnicotinonitrile (1) White solid; m.p. 176-177 °C; IR (KBr) ν max / cm -1 3465 (w), 3379 (w), 3306 (w), 3181 (w), 2207 (s), 1641 (s), 1585 (s), 1574 (s), 1550 (m), 1497 (w), 1452 (w), 1370 (w), 1259 (w), 759 (s), 699 (s); 1 We commenced our investigation with the reaction of starting materials in c... | 4 |
97099960 | Uma nova família de ésteres tiazolínicos e tiazóis foram sintetizados e as propriedades térmicas são apresentadas e discutidas. Os ésteres tiazolínicos foram obtidos pela reação de ciclização de benzonitrilas 4-substituídas com o amino ácido L-cisteína seguido da reação de esterificação com álcoois e fenol previamente ... | 1 |
97099960 | Introduction Liquid crystals (LC) have been long recognized as one of the most extensive and attracting fields of materials research.The first studies, dating from 150 years ago, prompted nowadays researches worldwide increasing scientific interest, focusing on obtaining and monitoring new LC compounds. 1he most commo... | 2 |
97099960 | Synthesis The synthesis of key intermediate thiazoline carboxylic acids 4a-c is outlined in Scheme 1.The strategy applied here begins with the commercially available nitriles 1a and 1b, which were submitted to the alkylation reaction with 1-bromoctane under basic conditions, affording the alkylated nitriles 2a and 2b i... | 3 |
97099960 | General methods All starting materials were purchased from commercial suppliers (Sigma Aldrich Chemical Co., Acros Organics and ABCR Chemicals) and used without further purification.All reactions were carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere in oven-dried glassware with magnetic stirring.Solvents were dried, purified an... | 6 |
97099960 | General procedure for esterification of thiazolines 6a-k To a stirred solution of the corresponding thiazoline 4a-c (2.0 mmol) in dry CH 2 Cl 2 (8 mL) under N 2 atmosphere at room temperature, were added subsequently the corresponding alcohol (2.0 mmol) EDCI (2.0 mmol) and catalytic amount of DMAP.After 16 h, the organ... | 7 |
55209977 | The effect of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil on the particulate emissions of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine was investigated experimentally and the results were compared with two diesel fuels, namely, an ultra low sulfur diesel fuel with less than 10-ppm-wt of sulfur (ULSD) and a low sulfur diesel fue... | 1 |
55209977 | INTRODUCTION Diesel particulates are composed of soot aggregates and volatile substances which include hydrocarbons and sulfate.Volatile substances have complex composition, some of which are toxic and carcinogenic.Therefore, it is important to analyze the volatility of diesel particles because it is an indication of ... | 2 |
55209977 | EXPERIMENTAL METHODS The study was performed on a naturally-aspirated, water cooled, 4-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine (ISUZU 4HF1).The specifications of the engine are shown in Table 2.The engine was connected to an eddy-current dynamometer and a control system was used for adjusting its speed and torque.The m... | 3 |
55209977 | Particle Mass Concentrations and Size Distribution The total particulate mass concentration for each fuel and at each engine load was measured with the TEOM.The variation of brake specific particulate matter (BSPM) with engine load is shown in Fig. 2. For each fuel, the minimum BSPM appears at some intermediate engine ... | 4 |
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