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102345223 | Manufacturing Sites Our company specializes in mass production of drugs/healthcare products for millions of customers.The orders can be placed online via public website and also offline via phone or paper contracts.Shipments are delivered to customers, from all locations.As manufacturing is automated, the sites consist... | 5 |
102345223 | Code Server The code server would be holding the data for the research (like chemical reaction simulations) being undertaken at various facilities.First level of security is to restrict access only to employees of research units who work on this data. Second level of security is to back up the data in code servers (dis... | 6 |
102345223 | Mobile Devices Mobile devices aid employee productivity by allowing them to connect to the internal network through Wi-Fi from any location in the company.They can keep track of their simulations etc. at their convenience from anywhere within the facility.Since mobile devices access multiple wireless networks inside an... | 7 |
102345223 | Email & IM Server (Spam, Malware) Emails and IMs bound to be one of the primary forms of communication as offices span over different geographical locations.Also, since emails are a documentary evidence of the communication, they might be preferred over other forms in certain contexts.Emails reside on the email server,... | 8 |
102345223 | Network/IP Phones Telephone network helps in managing communication across the various centers distributed globally.It helps in conducting conference calls for interacting with other teams.These conference calls may be used to communicate confidential information and thus it is necessary that they be secured like any o... | 9 |
102345223 | Printers Our company's premises have a large network of printers with each facility hav- ing multiple printers stationed on every floor of the premises.The investment on the printers has been done because the employees would need to take print-outs of various documents to assist in their daily work.The documents may co... | 10 |
102345223 | Lab Equipment There may be various lab equipment used to carry out testing of drugs and in carrying out research.Some examples include equipment like centrifuges, chromatography testing equipment, analyzers and software which may be used to analyze the results from the equipment.To secure them, they should not be conne... | 11 |
102345223 | Access Points Wireless networks may be a part of the entire facility, so that the network is easily accessible from any location within the company.They can also be an easy medium to gain access to the internal network, especially if the wireless network is not well protected.To address this, it should be ensured that ... | 12 |
102345223 | Routers Routers form the backbone of wired network.There would be plenty of them deployed within the company to build a large internal network connecting all the departments at a particular facility.ments to adjacent ones, in an attempt to route traffic towards the malicious routers.To make routers secure, the first th... | 13 |
102345223 | Internal Websites Companies usually don't care about internal website security compared to external ones.We suggest that same level of security should be applied to internal websites too since they can be hosting confidential data, and/or the servers may be used to gain access to other network resources. Physical Secur... | 14 |
102345223 | IDs Access to the facilities is usually managed by RFID cards.Since the access is digital, it needs to be well protected.Unauthorized access would cause a security breach which may lead to damage to the company.Security access should be of different levels i.e.only required personnel have access to any of the restricte... | 15 |
102345223 | Biometrics Biometrics could be used to further enhance the level of security provided by ID card access.This additional level of security would be useful in protecting the restricted areas within the company premises.But biometrics come with their own weaknesses, e.g.facial recognition can be fooled, or it may read inc... | 16 |
102345223 | Security Cameras Security cameras stationed at all the critical places can act as deterrent to people trying to sniff.Also, they can provide critical evidence in case there is a break-in and hence the camera feeds should be well secured.There should be an additional security staff managing the security at the facilitie... | 17 |
102345223 | Digitally Controlled Equipment There would be mechanical equipment controlled digitally to manufacture and package medicines.An attack on such equipment could potentially turn the company bankrupt.This is because if for example the manufacturing equipment are compromised to print wrong label on the medicines, it could ... | 18 |
102345223 | Workstations Being an advanced facility, each manufacturing site may have multiple workstations for employees and personnel, as well as multiple monitoring / controlling stations to regulate operations.It is important for the company to ensure that these workstations are not compromised.All of the measures for workstat... | 19 |
102345223 | Public Facing Network Since public website is accessible from anywhere, it's also a highly sought-after target for attackers.There is no need to be part of the internal network to attack the servers.The attacks on web-servers are both in form of traditional (generic) attacks as well as advanced ones targeted towards sp... | 20 |
102345223 | Taking the Backup Following parameters need to be taken care of while backing up date: • Content to be backed up. • Source to get data from. • Frequency of the backup operation. • Location of storage (backup server). • Duration for which the backup has to be kept. Since backing up involves sending data over the network... | 22 |
102345223 | External Access via VPN Access to VPN allows employees access to company's secure network through a VPN tunnel.It is used to connect to the research center and the manufacturing sites.Being run over an unsecure public network, it makes VPN communication an attractive target for attackers.Issues compromising VPN tunnel:... | 24 |
102345223 | Insider Attacks We mention insider attacks [11] separately, as they apply to almost all aspects of the company in terms of security.The following observations were notable: • It is important to identify the several most important entities that need to be protected within the company and secure them with the highest pri... | 26 |
102345223 | Peripherals and Removable Devices Devices like USB sticks, flash drives, external hard disks, smart cards, and mobile phones are examples of set of entities which are very effective as tools for at-tackers.In many cases, they turn out to be either the starting or ending point of a successful attacks, involving mostly t... | 27 |
102345223 | Measurement of Security Posture Measurement of security posture refers to the steps the company can take to measure how secure they are at any given point in time.It can be interpreted in a systematic way if we look at different things the company can look at, in order to determine the state of their security. These "t... | 28 |
102345223 | • physical security mechanisms The best way to look at these alarms is to use some kind of an IDS visualiza-tion tool.Since the company has a distributed architecture containing many locations, each having many machines, all connected through LAN's and WAN's, a good example for visualization can be IDSradar [12] tool.T... | 29 |
102345223 | Selecting a Security Product • Network speed supported by the device when the security features are enabled.• Number of concurrent sessions supported. • Inter-operability with other vendor security appliances already installed in the network or the ones which would be installed. • Inter-operability with other TYPES of ... | 30 |
102345223 | Similar Threats Faced by Others We looked at some threats faced by some other companies/organizations.There were quite a few of them related to healthcare industries, which we enumerate first, followed by some other relevant examples: • Utah Department of Health, March 2012-a breach caused by weak password policy (defa... | 31 |
102345223 | Impact of Snowden's Disclosures about NSA The Snowden's disclosures on NSA [26] reveal a nexus of international agencies having an elaborate network of global surveillance.Many intelligence agencies like NSA are spying on the citizens of their country by spying on the digital footprints of people through emails/phone c... | 32 |
102345223 | Computer Implants 1) Sparrow II: A small device that could be implanted at a strategic location to spy on the wireless networks and collect data. 2) Firewalk: It is capable of filtering and regressing (outputting) network traffic over a custom RF link and can inject traffic into the network as commanded. 3) SWAP: Can b... | 33 |
102345223 | Covert Listening Devices Another set of devices listed in the disclosures are the covert listening devices like LoudAuto, NightWatch, CTX4000, PhotoAnglo, Tawdryyard.These devices can be used to listen to wireless data.There may be many similar devices which could be used to pry on the wireless networks within our comp... | 34 |
102345223 | Mobile Phone Implants Mobile Phone implants like Picasso, Genesis, Crossbeam, Candygram, Dro-poutJeep, GopherSet highlight that mobile phones can be compromised either during manufacturing phase or during their operation.It is also possible that certain employees might bring in modified hardware devices to help in spyi... | 35 |
102345223 | Measures to Avoid Sophisticated Attacks like Stuxnet Our recommendations are as follows: • Isolate the network of the manufacturing units from the internal LAN of the company.This would not have prevented Stuxnet from spreading (it used USB to inject itself initially).However, it is still an important practice to follo... | 36 |
102345223 | Proactive Threat Protection Besides a reactive strategy for security threats i.e. taking action once an attack occurs or is attempted, as most organizational measures deploy, we recommend pro-active threat prevention strategies along-with the strategies discussed till now.In this section we see what kind of innovative ... | 37 |
102345223 | Counter Measures for Future Threats We looked at several aspects of security which are based on the current state of technology, both software & hardware, and which may change in the near future.These are certain areas which may need to be addressed separately in the future.Here's our view of it and a few examples: • L... | 38 |
102345223 | D . Tandon, P. Parimal DOI: 10.4236/jcc.2018.63010136 Journal of Computer and Communications From the D. Tandon, P. Parimal DOI: 10.4236/jcc.2018.63010137 Journal of Computer and Communications point of view of security, it mainly involves looking at the following two processes: It is just as important to secure the ba... | 41 |
56464761 | A long-term sampling system, called the Adsorption Method for Sampling of Dioxins and Furans (AMESA), was used for long-term sampling (up to 168 hours) of an electric arc furnace (EAF) to obtain the representative flue gas samples. In order to have a comprehensive view of the emissions of persistent organic pollutants ... | 1 |
56464761 | INTRODUCTION Electric arc furnaces (EAFs) are used to produce carbon and steel alloys, primarily from melting iron and steel scraps, and play an important role in iron/steel making.A typical EAF includes the stages of feeding, smelting, oxidation, reduction and steel discharge.The melting of scrap ferrous material con... | 2 |
56464761 | Basic Details of the Investigated EAF and AMESA The EAF investigated in this study is operated intermittently, with scrap (104 tonnes/hr), alloying agents (1.1 tonnes/hr), flux (2.1 tonnes/hr) and coke (1.8 tonnes/hr) used as its raw feeding materials, and bag filters as its air pollution control devices (APCDs).It can... | 3 |
56464761 | Sampling Procedures A total of six stack flue gas samples were collected from the EAF by using AMESA, and were performed by an accredited laboratory in Taiwan.Prior to sampling, XAD-2 resin was spiked with isotopically labeled PCDD/F surrogate standards.The AMESA system was manually started and stopped to be consistent... | 4 |
56464761 | Analytical Procedures In contrast to other POPs, there is little data associated with PCDEs emitted from combustion sources and in the environment, because native and mass-labeled PCDEs have not been commercially available until recently (Domingo, 2006).In this study, each sample was analyzed for seventeen 2,3,7,8-subs... | 5 |
56464761 | Instrumental Analysis A high-resolution gas chromatograph/high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS) was used for the POP analyses.The HRGC (Hewlett-Packard 6970 Series gas, CA) was equipped with a silica capillary column (J&W Scientific, CA) and a splitless injector, while the HRMS (Micromass Autospec Ultima, Manch... | 6 |
56464761 | Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) Prior to sampling, XAD-2 resin was spiked with PCDD/F surrogate standards pre-labeled with isotopes, including 37 Cl 4 -2,3,7,8-TCDD, 13 C 12 -1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD, 13 C 12 -2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 13 C 12 -1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF and 13 C 12 -1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF.The recoveries of precisi... | 7 |
56464761 | Breakthrough Tests Two XAD-2 cartridges are mounted in series and analyzed individually to evaluate the POP breakthrough for the long-term sampling of the EAF by AMESA.The breakthrough of POPs is calculated as follows. where A is the mass (toxicity) adsorbed by the first XAD-2 cartridge, and B is the mass (toxicity) ad... | 8 |
56464761 | Rinse of the Sampling Probe The operation of AMESA complies with the cooled probe method of EN-1948, and thus the particulate-and gaseous- phase POPs in the flue gas will adhere and condense onto the surface of the sampling probe and other components of the sample train.To evaluate their accumulated POP levels, four ri... | 9 |
56464761 | Concentrations and Congener Profiles of POPs in the Stack Flue Gases The POP concentrations in the stack flue gases of the EAFs are listed in Table 4.The mass concentrations are 0.439 ng/Nm 3 for PCDD/Fs, 7.53 ng/Nm 3 for PCBs, 0.0115 ng/Nm 3 for PCDEs, 0.163 ng/Nm 3 for PBDD/Fs, 0.145 ng/Nm 3 for PBBs and 8.03 ng/Nm 3... | 10 |
56464761 | Emission Factors of the POPs Table 6 lists the POP emission factors of EAFs obtained from this study and from elsewhere.The emission factors are calculated based on the total weights of steel production or feedstock, including scraps, alloying agents, flux and coke.For the same measurement, the obtained emission factor... | 11 |
102634929 | This study presents a water purification plant that uses the waste cake from the process of oil extraction of Moringa oleifera seeds. The particularity of this purification plant is that it should be autonomous to work in isolated areas. To do so, the design counts on solar panels and batteries controlled by a Supervis... | 1 |
102634929 | Introduction The access to drinkable water is considered a Human Right since 2010 by the United Nations General Assembly.In spite of the efforts and cooperation projects related to drinkable water and sanitation access, there are still 663 million people without access to drinkable water according to the World Health ... | 2 |
102634929 | M.M Rafique et al. / Desalination and Water Treatment (2017) 1-8 2 tem that allows equally the control of the plant in a manual or a remote mode. Nowadays, software to optimize water and energetic resources is used in a wide range of productive sectors [4].Particularly, in the sector of water purification automated pla... | 3 |
102634929 | Methodology The design of the plant has several requirements to follow: First, the plant should be compact; second, the plant should be inexpensive, reason why it uses free software; and third, the plant should be self-sufficient, so the energy consumption of all the control, sensors and actuators has to be measured to... | 4 |
102634929 | M.M Rafique et al. / Desalination and Water Treatment (2017) 1-8 3 positioning of the containers respond to the possibility to use the plant in a manual or electrically powered mode.In this prototype plant there are two optional tanks, the first one contains water to treat and the last one (the one more to the left in ... | 5 |
102634929 | M.M Rafique et al. / Desalination and Water Treatment (2017) 1-8 5 environment that supports several program languages and web applications. To dimension the electricity generation system, the study measured the consumption and power of the SCADA, sensors, motors and actuators of the water purification plant.For the en... | 6 |
102634929 | Results A representative scheme of the water treatment process including all the control and automation elements is visible in Fig. 4. As it can be appreciated, the minimized system counts on four tanks.Tank 1 and 2 are needed to shred the M. oleifera and to prepare the coagulant respectively.Then, by means of a Ventur... | 7 |
102634929 | M.M Rafique et al. / Desalination and Water Treatment (2017) 1-8 6 Both boards were assembled to build the controller.These boards and the developed algorithm permit the control of all sensors and actuators of the system.The Ethernet board assigns to the Arduino card an IP direction and configures it with the protocol ... | 8 |
102634929 | right). Then, to validate and verify the program, all sensors and actuators where added one by one independently until it was clear that the system was able to control all of them correctly.More details of the plant are accessible in [21].Finally, tests where done in the definitive circuit and the whole device was inst... | 9 |
102634929 | M.M Rafique et al. / Desalination and Water Treatment (2017) 1-8 7 The dosage of coagulant applied was based on the studies carried out by Pritchard et al. [24] and by Bhuptawat et al. [25] multipurpose tree whose seeds contain a high quality edible oil (up to 40% by weight, which is comprised between 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L ... | 10 |
97718750 | Introduction Purines are a class of heterocyclic compounds which play an important role in many biological processes 1-5.The most important natural occurrence of purines is in the nucleotides and nucleic acids; compounds which perform some of the most crucial functions in fundamental metabolism.The chemotherapeutic us... | 2 |
97718750 | Experimental All solvents purified and dried using established procedures.The 1 H NMR spectra were recorded on Hitachi-Perkin-Elmer R24B (60 MHz) or Bruker XL 300 (500 MHz) instruments (with J-values given in Hz), 13 C NMR spectra either on a Bruker WP 80 or XL300 instrument, and IR spectra on a Shimadzu IR-435 spectro... | 3 |
97718750 | General procedure for the preparation of 1-aryl-4-cyano-5-[(ethoxymethylene)amino]imidazoles (4a-b) A mixture of 5-amino-1-aryl-4-cyanoimidazole (0.5 g), triethyl orthoformate (12.0 M equivalent), and acetic anhydride (6.0 M equivalent) was heated gently at 70-80 0 C under an argon atmosphere for several hours.After TL... | 4 |
234577814 | : Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used against both Gram (+) and Gram ( − ) bacteria. Its biological half-life is very short (4–5 h) and its conventional administration forms present a limited absorption efficiency. For this reason, the aim of this work was to study other administration strategies ... | 1 |
234577814 | Introduction Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is a pale yellow crystalline powder. It responds to the chemical structure of 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro 4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid ( Figure 1) which belongs to the family of quinolones. The central structural unit is a quinolone ring with a fluorine ... | 2 |
234577814 | rELP Films Preparation To obtain the films, 10 g of aqueous solutions were prepared with concentrations of 16.6% w/w of rELP, to which 10 mg of Cipro was added. They were subsequently subjected to 0 °C for 10 min to ensure complete dissolution of the polymer. These solutions were placed in glass plates covered with non... | 5 |
234577814 | Sodium Alginate Films Preparation For these films, 0.45 g of SA and 100 mg of Cipro were weighed, and 30 mL of distilled water was added. This solution was homogenized under magnetic stirring (150 rpm) at room temperature and then poured into Petri dishes and oven-dried at 37 °C for 24 h. Finally, crosslinking was carr... | 6 |
234577814 | In Vitro Drug Release Tests To carry out the release tests, 1 × 1 cm 2 samples were cut from the different films and their weights and thicknesses were determined ( Table 1). The samples were carefully placed in test tubes containing 3 mL of physiological solution, used as a release medium, at 37 °C and with orbital sh... | 7 |
234577814 | Data Analysis The data obtained from the release tests were analyzed using a second-order kinetic model, called the Lumped model, developed and validated by our research group [8,9]. To compare the release profiles, the experimental data were adjusted using the Polymath 6.0 program and parameters of pharmaceutical rele... | 8 |
234577814 | In Vitro Drug Release Tests In vitro drug release tests are used to characterize the release of a drug from a certain pharmaceutical form, the dissolution test being the most relevant. According to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), drug dissolution and release tests are required for dosage forms in which absorption... | 9 |
55402924 | A Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the sub-surface water of Ikang River, Niger Delta region, Nigeria produced an unusual biosurfactant in waste frying oil-minimal medium. Cultural and biochemical characterizations as well as 16S rRNA sequencing identified the bacterium as a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 10... | 1 |
55402924 | Introduction Surface active compounds, otherwise called surfactants, are amphiphilic molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains which reduce the free surface enthalpy per unit area [1] at air/water interfaces and the interfacial tension at oil/water interfaces [2]. They are about the most sought-after process ... | 2 |
55402924 | Medium formulation for biosurfactant production Purified cultures of all morphologically-distinct bacteria were grown in minimal medium supplemented with different carbon sources including glucose, glycerol, rice processing effluent, crude oil and waste frying oil at 1% (v/v or w/v) as sole source of carbon and energy.... | 3 |
55402924 | Qualitative screening of isolates for biosurfactant production Cell-free fermentation broth of each flask corresponding to each bacterium was obtained by centrifugation at 8,000 x g for 10 min followed by membrane filtration with 0.2 µM (Millipore) and subjected to qualitative screening for biosurfactant production by ... | 4 |
55402924 | Quantitative biosurfactant screening The initial quantification of biosurfactant in cell-free broth of bacteria which tested positive to at least 75% of the qualitative screen tests followed the oildisplacement assay. This assay is sensitive enough to detect the presence of 10 µg or 10 nmol of biosurfactant in sample s... | 5 |
55402924 | Identification of biosurfactant -producing bacterium The selected bacterium was identified morphologically and biochemically using the MICROGEN ID Kit (Microgen Bioproducts Limited, UK) in conjunction with Microgen identification system software as well as by 16S rRNA sequencing. The sequencing protocol made use of pri... | 6 |
55402924 | 2.4. Determination of the effectiveness of biosurfactants by surface tension reduction measurement The surface tensions of sterile clear amber cell-free biosurfactant solutions of four isolates were determined by the ring method [20] at room temperature with a tensiometer (CSC Du-Nouy Tensiometer) fitted with a platinu... | 7 |
55402924 | 2.5. Recovery and characterization of biosurfactant 2.5.1 Biosurfactant recovery Most effective biosurfactant was recovered from the sterile clear amber liquid (obtained by centrifugation of fermentation broth at 8,000 x g for 10 min followed by sterilization by membrane filtration) by acidification of 5 mL sterile bio... | 8 |
55402924 | Biosurfactant analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) The active fractions of crude biosurfactant obtained from analytical TLC were subjected to HPLC analysis using a Gemini C18 column (100 x 4.6 mm) with a particle diameter of 5 µM accompanied with a Varian 335 diode array detector to facilitate UV d... | 9 |
55402924 | Biosurfactant analysis by Fourier transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry The infrared spectra of the partially-purified biosurfactant were recorded on a Fourier transforminfrared system (Spectrum BX-Perkin Elmer) in the 4000-400 cm -1 spectral region at 2 cm -1 resolution. The sample was spread on 0.23 mm KBr cell and... | 10 |
55402924 | Evaluation of biosurfactant effectiveness and efficiency The effectiveness of the crude biosurfactant, given by surface tension reduction, was determined by the ring method [20] at room temperature with a tensiometer (CSC Du-Nouy Tensiometer) fitted with a platinum ring. The efficiency of the biosurfactant, given by it... | 11 |
55402924 | 2.7. Activity characterization of biosurfactant 2.7.1. Biosurfactant-enhanced oil recovery (washing activity) by the sand pack method Biosurfactant enhanced recovery of Bonny light crude oil was conducted using the modified sand pack column technique [30]. One hundred and fifty grams (150 g) of 140 µM size sand particl... | 12 |
55402924 | Biosurfactant-enhanced solubilization of Nigerian medium crude Crude oil solubilization test was performed following a batch solubilization technique [31]. Twenty-five milliliters (25 mL) of Nigerian medium crude oil (ADAAX Oil Nigeria) and different concentrations of crude biosurfactant (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, 700... | 13 |
55402924 | Assessment of antimicrobial activity of biosurfactant Assessments were conducted by the agar disc diffusion method [28] in Muller-Hinton agar for bacteria and Potato dextrose agar for fungi. Discs of 6 mm size were punched from filter paper (Whatman No 3; Millipore) and sterilized by autoclaving in capped bottles. Aliq... | 14 |
55402924 | Assessment of foaming property of biosurfactant The foam power and stability of the glycolipopeptide was evaluated according to the method of Chen et al. [32] with slight modifications. A volume of 200 mL of sterile biosurfactant solution was allowed to flow through a burette from a height of 90 cm into a 500 mL measur... | 16 |
55402924 | Stability characterization of biosurfactant 2.8.1. Temperature stability To determine the thermal stability of a 5 g/L crude biosurfactant solution, the test biosurfactant preparation was maintained at temperatures of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 130 and 140°C for 15 min, cooled at room temperature and oil displacement, e... | 17 |
55402924 | pH stability The effect of pH on biosurfactant activity was performed by adjusting the pH of 5 mL of 0.5% (w/v) crude biosurfactant solution with 1M HCl/1M NaOH through a range from 4 to 11 and held for 15 min. Oil displacement, emulsification and antimicrobial activity tests of the glycolipopeptide were conducted as d... | 18 |
55402924 | Salinity (NaCl) stability Crude biosurfactant concentration of 0.5% (w/v) was prepared by dissolving 0.5 g of crude biosurfactant in 100 mL of different concentrations of NaCl solution. The concentrations used included 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% at a pH of 7.0. The preparations were held at 30°C for 15 min to determine the ... | 19 |
55402924 | 3.1. Substrate-specific isolation of biosurfactant-producing bacteria The results of isolation of biosurfactant-producing bacteria from the 20 samples analyzed in our study, as mediated by the different substrates, are presented in Table 1. The table reveals that a total of 858 morphologically-distinct bacteria were is... | 20 |
55402924 | 3.2. Quantitative screening for industriallyrelevant biosurfactant-producing bacteria Table 2 presents the results of the quantitative screening of primarily positive biosurfactantproducing bacteria from the three major kinds of samples. The results show that only 28 (19.59%) of the total biosurfactant-producing bacter... | 21 |
55402924 | 3.3. Identification of biosurfactant-producing bacteria A summary of the results of characterization tests leading to the identification of the best 4 biosurfactant-producing bacteria is presented in Table 3. The table reveals that isolate IKW1 was Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a 100% sequence homology with Pseudomonas ... | 22 |
55402924 | 3.6. Determination of glycolipopeptide efficiency with the critical micelle concentration (CMC) The efficiency of the glycolipopeptide biosurfactant, given by its critical micelle concentration (data not shown) revealed that the glycolipopeptide has a CMC of 20.80 mg/L. The second order polynomial used to fit the regre... | 23 |
55402924 | Enhanced oil recovery (washing activity), solubilization, emulsification and foaming activities of glycolipopeptide Results of the sand pack experiment demonstrating the oil recovery potential of the glycolipopeptide (data not shown) revealed that highest recovery rate of crude oil of 0.87 mL/min occurred at 50°C at 12... | 24 |
55402924 | 3.8. Antimicrobial potential of glycolipopeptide The results of the antimicrobial potentials of the glycolipopeptide showed that the biosurfactant could most inhibit Bacillus subtilis UCCM 0006 to a zone diameter of 34 mm. However, the surface-active compound showed no inhibitory activity against Serratia sp.UCCM 0003.... | 25 |
55402924 | 3.9. Stability characterization of glycolipopeptide activities The results of the effect of temperature, pH and NaCl on the oil displacement activity of the glycolipopeptide are presented in Figure 2. Figure 2A reveals that oil displacement activity of the glycolipopeptide was stable up to 80°C after which it dropped ... | 26 |
55402924 | 5. Conclusion Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain IKW1 was isolated from the mesotidal waters of Ikang River, Niger Delta area, Nigeria and demonstrated commendable ability to elaborate a rare but effective and efficient surface-active compound identified as a glycolipopeptide. The active compound demonstrated excellent prop... | 28 |
98334961 | Oxopolimetalatos organicamente modificados do “tipo Keggin”de for mula [R]4[SiW11O40(SiR’)2], (R=Bu4N, R’ = -C2H5, -C10H21, -CH=CH2, -CH2CH=CH2, -OH, -C6H5, -C10H7, -C6H4NH2 (o, p), -C6H4NMe2 (p), -C6H4CH=CH2, -C6H4CF3, -C6H4CH=CHC6H5) foram sintetizados. O núcleo óxido apresentou propriedades re dox reversíveis que fo... | 1 |
98334961 | In tro duc tion Over the last de cade, there has been great in ter est in the study of polyoxometallates (POM) as mod els for tran si tion metal ox ides 1 .These com pact ox ide clus ters of small size (around 10 Å) pres ent unique re dox prop er ties and the abil ity to mimic tran si tion metal ox ide fea tures 2 .Th... | 2 |
98334961 | NMR spec tros copy 1 H, 13 C-{ 1 H} and 29 Si-{ 1 H} NMR spec tra were recorded to check the pu rity of the com pounds (Bruker AC250 spec trom e ter). 183W NMR spec tra were re corded on a Bruker AM500 spec trom e ter fol low ing usual pro cedures 5 .OMPOM salts were dis solved in DMF/DMSO-d 6 Ta ble 1 .Prop erties of ... | 3 |
98334961 | Elec tro chem is try Elec tro chem is try mea sure ments were per formed in differ ent elec tro lytes, fol low ing usual pro ce dures 10 .In all exper i ments, the con cen tra tion of the elec tro lyte was 0.1 M in sup port ing salt, and the con cen tra tion of OMPOM was fixed to 10 -3 M. The work ing elec trode was a ... | 4 |
98334961 | Re sults and Dis cus sion Ta ble 1 pres ents the prop er ties of 14 OMPOM as their tetrabutylammonium salts.Vari a tions in the chem i cal shifts of all nu clei can be seen with the na ture of the or ganic mod i fier group. 29Si sig nals are very sharp, and changes in the chem i cal shifts are noted for both the or gan... | 5 |
98334961 | JSiR (80-20) mix tures (0.1 to 0.4 M).Vari a tions of 183 W chem ical shifts for the dif fer ent sig nals were less than ±0.1 ppm with changes of OMPOM con cen tra tions and slight changes of sol vent com po si tion.The sig nal of the silicotungstate salt was used as an in ter nal ref er ence.The spec tra of the dif fe... | 6 |
213969052 | The growing demand for food worldwide, along with the increasing need for animal protein, lead to the identification of other sources of highest quality meat, then the conventional ones, such as it is the hare meat. The aim of this study was to characterize the sensorial, physico-chemical and nutritional traits of hare... | 1 |
213969052 | The meat products are appreciated by consumers, thus there is an increasing demand of those commodities issued from farming systems observing high standards of animal welfare [23]. The attention of farmers and meat producers has been focused on small mammals, such as domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), which prov... | 2 |
213969052 | Materials and methods The biological material consisted of 79 hare individuals (34 males and 45 females), slaughtered by shooting at the age of about 18 months, during the regular hunting season (1 November to 31 January). Three different muscle groups (LD -Longissimus dorsi, SM -Semimembranosus and TB -Triceps brachii... | 3 |
202885811 | : Mayenite was recently successfully employed as an active catalyst for trichloroethylene (TCE) oxidation. It was e ff ective in promoting the conversion of TCE in less harmful products (CO 2 and HCl) with high activity and selectivity. However, there is a potential limitation to the use of mayenite in the industrial de... | 1 |
202885811 | Introduction Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a chlorinated volatile organic solvent belonging to the class of dense non aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) pollutants [1][2][3]. Several strategies have been considered for TCE remediation, including the use of CaO [4], bioremediation [5,6] and adsorption processes with activated ... | 2 |
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