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4,379,114 | Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience. | Blum et al. 18 | Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,... | Pleasure is not only primary reward functions it also defines reward. functions of rewards, the reason why particular stimuli, objects, events, situations, and activities are rewarding due to pleasure. Pleasure, as the primary effect of rewards provides the basis for hedonic theories of reward function. We are attracte... | Pleasure defines reward. the reason why particular stimuli are rewarding due to pleasure. Pleasure provides the basis for hedonic theories of reward organisms are the result of evolutionary competition. rewards increase fitness foods, drinks, mates, and offspring are rewarding. brain regions modulate pleasure or the op... | Pleasure is not only one of the three primary reward functions but it also defines reward. As homeostasis explains the functions of only a limited number of rewards, the principal reason why particular stimuli, objects, events, situations, and activities are rewarding may be due to pleasure. This applies first of all t... | 18,378 | <h4><strong>Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience. </h4><p>Blum et al. 18 </strong>Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight ... | CPS R1 v Harker MK | 1AC—Schengenlargement | 1AC—Framing—Util | 41,540 | 3,168 | 151,640 | ./documents/hsld22/MountainHouse/ElSu/MountainHouse-ElSu-Aff-CPS-LD-Invitational-Round-4.docx | 957,717 | A | CPS LD Invitational | 4 | Harker MK | Lukas Krause | 1AC - Schengenlargement
1NC - T-cohen, EU CP, case
1AR - all
2NR - case
2AR - T case | hsld22/MountainHouse/ElSu/MountainHouse-ElSu-Aff-CPS-LD-Invitational-Round-4.docx | 2023-01-02 23:45:29 | 79,525 | ElSu | Mountain House ElSu | See 0 - Contact Info in cites for disclosure, etc. | El..... | Su..... | null | null | 26,667 | MountainHouse | Mountain House | CA | null | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,300,886 | [6] Extinction comes first! | Pummer 15 | Pummer 15 [Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. “Moral Agreement on Saving the World” Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015] AT | There appears to be lot of disagreement in moral philosophy. Whether these many apparent disagreements are deep and irresolvable, I believe there is at least one thing it is reasonable to agree on right now : that it is very important to reduce the risk that all intelligent beings on this planet are eliminated by an en... | reducing existential risk is the most important thing in the whole world. so many people could exist in the future trillions upon trillions reducing existential risk is the most important even if the well-being of these possible people were given only 0.001% as much weight We should also take into account moral uncerta... | There appears to be lot of disagreement in moral philosophy. Whether these many apparent disagreements are deep and irresolvable, I believe there is at least one thing it is reasonable to agree on right now, whatever general moral view we adopt: that it is very important to reduce the risk that all intelligent beings o... | 8,686 | <h4>[6] Extinction comes first!</h4><p><u><strong>Pummer 15</u></strong> [Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. “Moral Agreement on Saving the World” Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015] AT</p><p><u><strong>There appears to be lot of disagreement in m... | Harvard Round 7 | null | Framework | 12,186 | 5,631 | 72,468 | ./documents/hsld20/Oxford/Me/Oxford-Mehta-Aff-Harvard-Round7.docx | 870,004 | A | Harvard | 7 | North Allegheny RR | Daniel Herrera | 1AC - China v7
1NC - LogCon Must Spec LAWs Must have Solvency Advocate Must Not Read Epistemic Modesty and Extinction ow Case
1AR - All
2NR - Eval after 1NC Must Not Read Epistemic Modesty and Extinction ow
2AR - Case Lying Voter Skep RVI Must Not Read Epistemic Modesty and Extinction ow | hsld20/Oxford/Me/Oxford-Mehta-Aff-Harvard-Round7.docx | null | 73,609 | ViMe | Oxford ViMe | null | Vi..... | Me..... | null | null | 24,667 | Oxford | Oxford | CA | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
1,414,394 | Only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable – all other frameworks collapse. | Moen 16 | Moen 16 [Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo “An Argument for Hedonism” Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281] | a widely shared judgment about intrinsic value and disvalue is that pleasure is intrinsically valuable and pain is intrinsically disvaluable. On virtually any proposed list of intrinsic values and disvalues (we will look at some of them below), pleasure is included among the intrinsic values and pain among the intrinsi... | pleasure is intrinsically valuable and pain is intrinsically disvaluable there is something undeniably good about pleasure and something undeniably bad about pain value statuses of pleasure and pain are manifested in how we treat experiences pleasure is not good for anything further pleasure and pain both reach the end... | Let us start by observing, empirically, that a widely shared judgment about intrinsic value and disvalue is that pleasure is intrinsically valuable and pain is intrinsically disvaluable. On virtually any proposed list of intrinsic values and disvalues (we will look at some of them below), pleasure is included among the... | 2,520 | <h4>Only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable – all other frameworks collapse.</h4><p><strong>Moen 16</strong> [Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo “An Argument for Hedonism” Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281]</p><p>Let us start by observing, empirically,... | null | Util | null | 21,420 | 4,449 | 38,491 | ./documents/hsld21/HarvardWestlake/Le2/Harvard%20Westlake-Leee-Neg-Cal-Round4.docx | 888,401 | N | Cal | 4 | Fairview CS | Aqui, Nikki | Innovation China Heg Util Theory-Actor Democracy bad | hsld21/HarvardWestlake/Le2/Harvard%20Westlake-Leee-Neg-Cal-Round4.docx | null | 74,743 | MaLe | Harvard Westlake MaLe | null | Ma..... | Le..... | null | null | 25,010 | HarvardWestlake | Harvard Westlake | CA | null | 1,029 | hsld21 | HS LD 2021-22 | 2,021 | ld | hs | 1 |
1,944,270 | Warming causes extinction. | Ng 19 | Ng 19 [Yew-Kwang; May 2019; Professor of Economics at Nanyang Technology University, Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and Member of the Advisory Board at the Global Priorities Institute at Oxford University, Ph.D. in Economics from Sydney University; Global Policy, “Keynote: Global Extinction and A... | climate change causing global extinction is possible due to interrelated factors of non‐linearity, cascading effects, positive feedbacks, multiplicative factors, critical thresholds and tipping points A imminent tipping point could be ‘an abrupt ice sheet collapse [that] could cause rapid sea level rise’ There are many... | climate causing extinction is due to non‐linearity, cascading feedbacks and tipping points ice sheet collapse cause rapid sea rise’ faster warming forest fires and release of methane producing runaway warming adaptability limit to mak extinction likely and moderate models unreliabl Even if there is 1 per cent probabili... | Catastrophic climate change Though by no means certain, CCC causing global extinction is possible due to interrelated factors of non‐linearity, cascading effects, positive feedbacks, multiplicative factors, critical thresholds and tipping points (e.g. Barnosky and Hadly, 2016; Belaia et al., 2017; Buldyrev et al., 2010... | 2,957 | <h4>Warming causes extinction.</h4><p><strong>Ng 19 </strong>[Yew-Kwang; May 2019; Professor of Economics at Nanyang Technology University, Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and Member of the Advisory Board at the Global Priorities Institute at Oxford University, Ph.D. in Economics from Sydney Unive... | 1nc | OFF | null | 5,339 | 2,139 | 57,355 | ./documents/hspolicy20/Mamaroneck/LaPe/Mamaroneck-Land-Peters-Neg-toc-Round1.docx | 734,302 | N | toc | 1 | gunn os | pak, andrew | 1ac -- mandatory minimums
2nr -- cap | hspolicy20/Mamaroneck/LaPe/Mamaroneck-Land-Peters-Neg-toc-Round1.docx | null | 62,633 | LaPe | Mamaroneck LaPe | null | Ja..... | La..... | Lu..... | Pe..... | 21,706 | Mamaroneck | Mamaroneck | NY | null | 1,019 | hspolicy20 | HS Policy 2020-21 | 2,020 | cx | hs | 2 |
541,455 | Decline cascades – nuclear war | Maavak 21 | Maavak 21 – Mathew Maavak, PhD in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council, “Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel... | scholars regard global social instability as the greatest threat The catalyst has been postulated to be a Second Great Depression which, in turn, will have profound implications for global security and national integrity emerging risks are intertwined Tight couplings in global systems have enabled risks accrued in one ... | a Second Depression will have implications for global security couplings in global systems enabled risks in one area to snowball into full-blown crisis elsewhere banking farming, health and retail are entwined Economic stressors induce geopolitical realignments with U S and China ripples will be felt Think of a debt-la... | Various scholars and institutions regard global social instability as the greatest threat facing this decade. The catalyst has been postulated to be a Second Great Depression which, in turn, will have profound implications for global security and national integrity. This paper, written from a broad systems perspective,... | 15,116 | <h4>Decline <u>cascades</u> – nuclear war</h4><p><strong>Maavak 21</strong> – Mathew Maavak, PhD in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian Interna... | null | 1NC—OFF | 1NC---DA | 2,073 | 1,998 | 7,588 | ./documents/hsld22/ArchbishopMitty/JoYu/ArchbishopMitty-JoYu-Neg-Mid-America-Cup-Round-3.docx | 929,481 | N | Mid America Cup | 3 | Stanford OHS Amanda Yu | Misra | 1ac telehealth
1nc disclosure t multi cp blockchain cp econ da hacking da
1ar all
2nr econ da
2ar all | hsld22/ArchbishopMitty/JoYu/ArchbishopMitty-JoYu-Neg-Mid-America-Cup-Round-3.docx | 2022-09-25 18:07:47 | 80,058 | JoYu | Archbishop Mitty JoYu | null | Jo..... | Yu..... | null | null | 26,924 | ArchbishopMitty | Archbishop Mitty | CA | 10,150 | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
3,298,060 | 1 – Extinction o/ws under any framework, even under moral uncertainty – infinite future generations | Pummer 15 | Pummer 15 — (Theron Pummer, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford, “Moral Agreement on Saving the World“, Practical Ethics University of Oxford, 5-18-2015, Available Online at http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2015/05/moral-agreement-on-saving-the-world/, accessed 7-2-2018,... | There appears to be lot of disagreement in moral philosophy. there is at least one thing it is reasonable to agree on right now, whatever general moral view we adopt: that it is very important to reduce the risk that all intelligent beings on this planet are eliminated by an enormous catastrophe, such as a nuclear war.... | reducing existential risk is the most important there are trillions upon trillions future people even if the well-being were given 0.001% weight Non-consequentialism is not that the latter don’t matter Minimally plausible versions of deont and virtue ethics must be concerned with promoting the good imply strong reasons... | There appears to be lot of disagreement in moral philosophy. Whether these many apparent disagreements are deep and irresolvable, I believe there is at least one thing it is reasonable to agree on right now, whatever general moral view we adopt: that it is very important to reduce the risk that all intelligent beings o... | 8,707 | <h4>1 – Extinction o/ws under any framework, even under moral uncertainty – infinite future generations </h4><p><strong>Pummer 15</strong> — (Theron Pummer, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford, “Moral Agreement on Saving the World“, Practical Ethics University of Oxford, 5-1... | null | 1 | null | 12,186 | 5,631 | 108,451 | ./documents/hsld18/Harker/Vi/Harker-Vinod-Neg-Valley-Round2.docx | 820,813 | N | Valley | 2 | John Paul II BP | Tom Enven | 1AC - Whole res
1N - Terror Lashout Util
1AR - New theory substance
2N - AFC bad | hsld18/Harker/Vi/Harker-Vinod-Neg-Valley-Round2.docx | null | 70,285 | AdVi | Harker AdVi | null | Ad..... | Vi..... | null | null | 23,743 | Harker | Harker | null | null | 1,026 | hsld18 | HS LD 2018-19 | 2,018 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,591,169 | Util- You should vote AFF if the 1AC’s contingently true---even if they’re right about everything else. | Baum & Barrett 18 | Seth D. Baum & Anthony M. Barrett 18. Global Catastrophic Risk Institute. 2018. “Global Catastrophes: The Most Extreme Risks.” Risk in Extreme Environments: Preparing, Avoiding, Mitigating, and Managing, edited by Vicki Bier, Routledge, pp. 174–184. | Taken literally, a global catastrophe can be any event that is in some way catastrophic across the globe This suggests a rather low threshold However, in common usage, a global catastrophe would be catastrophic for a significant portion of the globe Others have emphasized catastrophes that cause long-term declines in t... | some catastrophes are vastly more important than others humanity could go extinct loss of all future generations. 500 trillion lives may be an underestimate risk-equals-probability-times-magnitude society should try 500 trillion times harder to prevent global catastrophe than to save a person’s life While everyone has ... | 2. What Is GCR And Why Is It Important? Taken literally, a global catastrophe can be any event that is in some way catastrophic across the globe. This suggests a rather low threshold for what counts as a global catastrophe. An event causing just one death on each continent (say, from a jet-setting assassin) could rate ... | 7,162 | <h4><strong>Util- You should vote AFF if the 1AC’s contingently true---even if they’re right about everything else. </h4><p></strong>Seth D. <strong>Baum &</strong> Anthony M. <strong>Barrett 18<u></strong>. Global Catastrophic Risk Institute. 2018. “Global Catastrophes: The Most Extreme Risks.” Risk in Extreme Environ... | 2AC | K | ROB | 1,570 | 2,142 | 82,989 | ./documents/ndtceda19/Navy/LeGu/Navy-Lewis-Gutierrez-Aff-Kentucky-Round7.docx | 614,404 | A | Kentucky | 7 | Missouri State KR | Patrice | 1AC
-Same a RD1
1NC
- Technomilitarism K
2NR
- D-Dev | ndtceda19/Navy/LeGu/Navy-Lewis-Gutierrez-Aff-Kentucky-Round7.docx | null | 52,018 | LeGu | Navy LeGu | null | Wi..... | Le..... | Ni..... | Gu..... | 19,275 | Navy | Navy | null | null | 1,009 | ndtceda19 | NDT/CEDA 2019-20 | 2,019 | cx | college | 2 |
933,530 | The “United States federal government” means the three branches of the central government | OECD, 87 | OECD, 87 | Political and organisational structure of government The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states The Federal Government is composed of three branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch | The U S is a federal republic The Federal Government is composed of three branches: legislative executive and judicial | (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Council, 1987, “United States,” The Control and Management of Government Expenditure, p. 179) JD
1. Political and organisational structure of government The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states. States have their own constitutions... | 897 | <h4>The “United States federal government” means the <u>three branches</u> of the central government</h4><p><strong>OECD, 87</strong> </p><p>(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Council, 1987, “United States,” The Control and Management of Government Expenditure, p. 179) JD</p><p>1. <u>Political and ... | 1NC | Off | 1NC | 23,993 | 1,475 | 22,681 | ./documents/ndtceda21/LibertyUniversity/RaWa/Liberty%20University-Ramsey-Wallenmeyer-Neg-Texas-Round2.docx | 625,310 | N | Texas | 2 | Kansas BaSp | Rebecca Steiner | 1AC - Cybernetics
1NC - Cap K T-USFG
2NR - Cap K | ndtceda21/LibertyUniversity/RaWa/Liberty%20University-Ramsey-Wallenmeyer-Neg-Texas-Round2.docx | null | 52,755 | RaWa | Liberty University RaWa | null | Jo..... | Ra..... | Ju..... | Wa..... | 19,395 | LibertyUniversity | Liberty University | null | null | 1,011 | ndtceda21 | NDT/CEDA 2021-22 | 2,021 | cx | college | 2 |
3,203,379 | “In the area” means all of the activities within the area | UN 13 | UN 13, United Nations Law of the Sea Treaty, http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part1.htm PART I¶ INTRODUCTION¶ Article 1 | activities in the Area" means all activities of the Area | activities in the Area" means all activities of the Area | Use of terms and scope¶ 1. For the purposes of this Convention: (1) "Area" means the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction; (2) "Authority" means the International Seabed Authority; (3) "activities in the Area" means all activities of exploration for, and exploitation of... | 349 | <h4>“In the area” means all of the activities within the area</h4><p><strong>UN 13</strong>, United Nations Law of the Sea Treaty, http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part1.htm PART I¶ INTRODUCTION¶ Article 1</p><p>Use of terms and scope¶ 1. For the purposes of this Convention: (1) "Area" mea... | null | null | x | 1,351,739 | 8 | 103,672 | ./documents/ndtceda18/WichitaState/HiPh/Wichita%20State-Hinecker-Phillips-Neg-kentucky-Round3.docx | 609,460 | N | kentucky | 3 | Missouri state | Allison Harper | 1ac - trade
1nc - t-restrict wto cp oil cp esr cp executive powers midterms dollar heg da on case
2nr - midterms | ndtceda18/WichitaState/HiPh/Wichita%20State-Hinecker-Phillips-Neg-kentucky-Round3.docx | null | 51,654 | HiPh | Wichita State HiPh | null | Al..... | Hi..... | Bo..... | Ph..... | 19,231 | WichitaState | Wichita State | null | null | 1,008 | ndtceda18 | NDT/CEDA 2018-19 | 2,018 | cx | college | 2 |
3,629,550 | Economic decline leads to nuclear war. | Tonnesson 15 | Tonnesson 15 [Stein Tonnesson, Research Professor, Peace Research Institute Oslo; Leader of East Asia Peace program, Uppsala University, 2015, “Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace,” International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 297-311] JS | recent works have made contributions to the current understanding of how and under what circumstances nuclear deterrence and economic interdependence may reduce the risk of war between major powers interdependence may both inhibit and drive conflict Interdependence raises the cost of conflict but asymmetrical or unbala... | Interdependence raises the cost of conflict If leaders seriously anticipate their nation’s decline they may blame external dependence, appeal to anti-foreign sentiments, contemplate force and refuse to be deterred by nuclear arms a shift could happen abruptly The greatest risk is changes in the world economy alter circ... | Several recent works on China and Sino–US relations have made substantial contributions to the current understanding of how and under what circumstances a combination of nuclear deterrence and economic interdependence may reduce the risk of war between major powers. At least four conclusions can be drawn from the revie... | 3,361 | <h4><strong>Economic decline leads to nuclear war.</h4><p><u>Tonnesson 15</u></strong> [Stein Tonnesson, Research Professor, Peace Research Institute Oslo; Leader of East Asia Peace program, Uppsala University, 2015, “Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace,” International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. ... | null | Advantage 1 is Econ | null | 142 | 3,586 | 120,839 | ./documents/hsld17/LaSalle/To/La%20Salle-Towner-Aff-Berkeley-Round4.docx | 808,551 | A | Berkeley | 4 | Harvard Westlake JN | John Overing | 1AC Corporations
1NC Abolish T Mueller DA Case
1AR Must check T interps All
2NR 1AR shell Mueller DA Case
2AR Case DA Impact Turns | hsld17/LaSalle/To/La%20Salle-Towner-Aff-Berkeley-Round4.docx | null | 69,286 | AsTo | La Salle AsTo | null | As..... | To..... | null | null | 23,482 | LaSalle | La Salle | null | null | 1,025 | hsld17 | HS LD 2017-18 | 2,017 | ld | hs | 1 |
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