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2,627,908 | No US-China war – multiple checks | Leon 17 Pak | Leon 17 – David Pak Yue, Assistant Professor Department of Political Science & History, Keuka College (“Economic Interdependence and International Conflict: Situating China's Economic and Military Rise,” Asian Politics & Policy, vol 9, is 1, January 2017, Wiley ) | Clarifying these issues requires an analysis of constraints of China's current and expected military capabilities economic interdependence; and China's dispositions toward rule-based international institutional complexes while China has seen tremendous economic growth sustaining its economic prosperity depends to a lar... | constraints of China's military capabilities economic interdependence dispositions toward international institution sustaining economic prosperity depends on trade internal and external stability ability to access resources deep institutional engagement it has exhibited is dissimilar to rising challengers in the past C... | This article first suggests that neither theoretical nor policy questions pertaining to China's rise can be properly addressed without examining the nature and meaning of any power shifts that are said to be in process, or the balance of economic and military forces within the intersecting global and East Asian regiona... | 3,058 | <h4>No US-China war – multiple checks</h4><p><strong>Leon 17 </strong>– David <u><strong>Pak</u></strong> Yue, Assistant Professor Department of Political Science & History, Keuka College (“Economic Interdependence and International Conflict: Situating China's Economic and Military Rise,” Asian Politics & Policy, vol 9... | null | null | Global Immigration | 57,710 | 218 | 105,539 | ./documents/hspolicy18/NilesWest/ChKi/Niles%20West-Chikko-Kim-Neg-Mid%20America%20Cup-Round2.docx | 698,730 | N | Mid America Cup | 2 | Washburn Rural BP | Gabe Esquivel | 1ac Family (Econ and Global Immigration)
2nr Adv CP (only infrastructure plank) wages on case US soft power bad | hspolicy18/NilesWest/ChKi/Niles%20West-Chikko-Kim-Neg-Mid%20America%20Cup-Round2.docx | null | 59,420 | ChKi | Niles West ChKi | null | Dy..... | Ch..... | Ha..... | Ki..... | 20,934 | NilesWest | Niles West | null | null | 1,017 | hspolicy18 | HS Policy 2018-19 | 2,018 | cx | hs | 2 |
2,160,836 | “Resolved” means to enact a policy by law. | Words and Phrases 64 | Words and Phrases 64 (Permanent Edition) | Definition of the word “resolve,” It is of similar force to the word “enact,” which is defined as meaning “to establish by law”. | “resolve,” is defined as meaning “to establish by law” | Definition of the word “resolve,” given by Webster is “to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature;” It is of similar force to the word “enact,” which is defined by Bouvier as meaning “to establish by law”. | 263 | <h4><u>“Resolved” means to enact a policy by law.</h4><p></u><strong>Words and Phrases 64<u></strong> (Permanent Edition)</p><p>Definition of the word <mark>“resolve,”</u></mark> given by Webster is “to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature;” <u>It is of simil... | NC PWEST r1 | null | null | 1,125 | 2,415 | 65,797 | ./documents/hsld20/Greenhill/Ga/Greenhill-Gande-Neg-Plano%20West%20TFA-Round1.docx | 858,981 | N | Plano West TFA | 1 | Hebron LC | Andrew Lin | ac - warren
nc - t cap
nr - t | hsld20/Greenhill/Ga/Greenhill-Gande-Neg-Plano%20West%20TFA-Round1.docx | null | 73,049 | VaGa | Greenhill VaGa | null | Va..... | Ga..... | null | null | 24,529 | Greenhill | Greenhill | TX | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,211,232 | Nuke war causes extinction | PND 16 | PND 16. internally citing Zbigniew Brzezinski, Council of Foreign Relations and former national security adviser to President Carter, Toon and Robock’s 2012 study on nuclear winter in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Gareth Evans’ International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Report, Congressi... | Even if the 'other' side does NOT launch in response the smoke will still make the rest of the world uninhabitable inducing global famine lasting decades Toon and Robock note resulting in self assured destruction. Even a 'small' nuclear war between India and Pakistan could produce so much smoke that temperatures would ... | will still make the world uninhabitable inducing global famine lasting decades Even a 'small' nuclear war produce smoke and ultraviolet radiation Recent studies predict that agricultural production would decline most likely cause the deaths of all humans nuclear weapons use threatens human survival | Consequences human survival 12. Even if the 'other' side does NOT launch in response the smoke from 'their' burning cities (incinerated by 'us') will still make 'our' country (and the rest of the world) uninhabitable, potentially inducing global famine lasting up to decades. Toon and Robock note in ‘Self Assured Destru... | 2,754 | <h4>Nuke war causes extinction </h4><p><strong>PND 16</strong>. internally citing Zbigniew Brzezinski, Council of Foreign Relations and former national security adviser to President Carter, Toon and Robock’s 2012 study on nuclear winter in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Gareth Evans’ International Commission on Nuc... | null | null | 2 | 48,363 | 1,164 | 68,257 | ./documents/hsld20/IndependentRubenSAyala/Mi/Independent%20Ruben%20S%20Ayala-Mimou-Neg-Badgerland-Round3.docx | 863,031 | N | Badgerland | 3 | Tyler Emanuel | Arjun Shreekumar | 1AC - Full res
1NC - DA PIC Wage-Spec
1AR - condo all
2nr - case pic condo
2ar - condo | hsld20/IndependentRubenSAyala/Mi/Independent%20Ruben%20S%20Ayala-Mimou-Neg-Badgerland-Round3.docx | null | 73,195 | AdMi | Independent Ruben S Ayala AdMi | null | Ad..... | Mi..... | null | null | 24,556 | IndependentRubenSAyala | Independent Ruben S Ayala | CA | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
4,745,792 | COVID’s decrease in migration ensured a growing but fragile movement away from populism – best studies prove | BIPP 22 | BIPP 22 {The Bennett Institute For Public Policy, University of Cambridge} - ("Support for populist politics ‘collapsed’ during the pandemic – global report," Bennett Institute for Public Policy, published 1-18-2022, accessed 12-15-2022, https://www.bennettinstitute.cam.ac.uk/blog/great-reset/)//marlborough-wr/ | Support for populist parties and politicians, and agreement with populist sentiment, has diminished during the pandemic, according to a “mega-dataset” taking in attitudes of over half a million people across 109 countries since 2020.¶ there are clear signs of a turning tide for the “populist wave”, as the mishandling o... | according to a “mega-dataset across 109 countries there are clear signs of a turning tide for the “populist wave”, mishandling of coronavirus along with a desire for stability move opinion faith in democratic process continued to falter. approval ratings continued to sink ratings for non-populists returned to pre-pande... | Support for populist parties and politicians, and agreement with populist sentiment, has diminished during the pandemic, according to a “mega-dataset” taking in attitudes of over half a million people across 109 countries since 2020.¶ A University of Cambridge team say there are clear signs of a turning tide for the “p... | 5,084 | <h4>COVID’s decrease in migration ensured a <u>growing but fragile</u> movement away from populism – best studies prove</h4><p><strong>BIPP 22</strong> {The Bennett Institute For Public Policy, University of Cambridge} - ("Support for populist politics ‘collapsed’ during the pandemic – global report," Bennett Institute... | null | null | 3 | 13,221 | 285 | 165,938 | ./documents/hsld22/Marlborough/WyRe/Marlborough-WyRe-Neg-Golden-Desert-Round-2.docx | 971,476 | N | Golden Desert | 2 | Lynbrook BZ | Krauss, Gordon | AC: Dismantle Department of Homeland Security
NC: Extra T, Populism DA, Desecuritize CP, Trade PIC
1AR: All
NR: Desecuritize CP, Populism DA
2AR: All | hsld22/Marlborough/WyRe/Marlborough-WyRe-Neg-Golden-Desert-Round-2.docx | 2023-02-04 20:17:25 | 80,329 | WyRe | Marlborough WyRe | null | Wy..... | Re..... | null | null | 26,925 | Marlborough | Marlborough | CA | null | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
700,579 | Eliminating nukes make states shift to CBWs – they see it as the only option | Horowitz, 13 | Horowitz, 13 – University of Pennsylvania political science professor | [Michael, and Neil Narang, UC Santa Barbara political science, "Poor Man’s Atomic Bomb? Exploring the Relationship between ‘Weapons of Mass Destruction’," Journal of Conflict Resolution, 58.3, 2013, accessed 12-13-19]
Using newly collected data on CBWs pursuit and possession over time, we find that n countries that acq... | countries that acquire nuclear weapons become less interested in pursuing other WMDs even willing to give them up
As the “poor man’s a bomb CBWs seem to be viewed as the best chance they have, short of nuclear weapons to protect themselves
we present irst rigorous tests measuring spread of CBWs
Do policy makers and mil... | [Michael, and Neil Narang, UC Santa Barbara political science, "Poor Man’s Atomic Bomb? Exploring the Relationship between ‘Weapons of Mass Destruction’," Journal of Conflict Resolution, 58.3, 2013, accessed 12-13-19]
The causes and consequences of nuclear proliferation have received a great deal of academic attention.... | 5,107 | <h4>Eliminating nukes make states shift to CBWs – they see it as the only option</h4><p><strong>Horowitz, 13 </strong>– University of Pennsylvania political science professor</p><p><u>[Michael, and Neil Narang, UC Santa Barbara political science, "Poor Man’s Atomic Bomb? Exploring the Relationship between ‘Weapons of M... | null | 2 | null | 122,553 | 241 | 15,146 | ./documents/hsld19/Harker/Hu/Harker-Huynh-Neg-Berkeley-Round1.docx | 838,795 | N | Berkeley | 1 | Nova 42 AY | Joshua Chung | AC - Miscalculation
NC - Reform CP Bioweapons DA PROSWIFT DA
NR - Reform CP Bioweapons DA | hsld19/Harker/Hu/Harker-Huynh-Neg-Berkeley-Round1.docx | null | 71,655 | MaHu | Harker MaHu | null | Ma..... | Hu..... | null | null | 24,119 | Harker | Harker | CA | null | 1,027 | hsld19 | HS LD 2019-20 | 2,019 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,037,297 | Extinction outweighs – it’s the upmost moral evil and disavowal of the risk makes it more likely. | Burns 17 | Elizabeth Burns 17. Elizabeth Finneron-Burns is a Teaching Fellow at the University of Warwick and an Affiliated Researcher at the Institute for Futures Studies in Stockholm, What’s wrong with human extinction?, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00455091.2016.1278150?needAccess=true, Canadian Journal of Philo... | extinction would prevent the existence of very many people it is a good thing for people to exist and extinction would deprive more people of enjoying this The ‘good could be understood in two ways. first it is good for that person that they come to exist if humans were to go extinct the utility foregone by the billion... | extinction prevent existence it is good for people to exist and extinction would deprive people of this foregone billions will never get that opportunity billions of people would die painful deaths there would be no future generations the value of all those generations together greatly exceeds the value of the current ... | Many, though certainly not all, people might believe that it would be wrong to bring about the end of the human species, and the reasons given for this belief are various. I begin by considering four reasons that could be given against the moral permissibility of human extinction. I will argue that only those reasons t... | 25,053 | <h4>Extinction outweighs – it’s the upmost moral evil and disavowal of the risk makes it more likely.</h4><p>Elizabeth<strong> Burns 17</strong>. Elizabeth Finneron-Burns is a Teaching Fellow at the University of Warwick and an Affiliated Researcher at the Institute for Futures Studies in Stockholm, What’s wrong with ... | 1ac – china version | 1ac – full text – gbx | advantage – 1ac | 17,673 | 1,153 | 60,393 | ./documents/hspolicy20/Westminster/BaSa/Westminster-Bald-Sayers-Aff-mba-Round1.docx | 741,871 | A | mba | 1 | gds mw | shree | 1ac - faces - heg
1nc - gillespie ir k heg bad turns
2nr - k | hspolicy20/Westminster/BaSa/Westminster-Bald-Sayers-Aff-mba-Round1.docx | null | 63,212 | BaSa | Westminster BaSa | null | Ho..... | Ba..... | Be..... | Sa..... | 21,854 | Westminster | Westminster | GA | null | 1,019 | hspolicy20 | HS Policy 2020-21 | 2,020 | cx | hs | 2 |
4,188,585 | No prior questions | Jarvis ’0 | Jarvis ’0 [Darryl; 2000; Former Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Sydney; International Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism, University of South Carolina Press, “Continental Drift,” p. 128-129; GR] | epistemological and ontological debate to support this is the only task of international theory smacks of intellectual elitism and displays contempt for those in their daily struggle What does Ashley’s project his deconstructive efforts say to the oppressed ? How does it help solve the casualties of war ? Does it in an... | epistemological and ontological debate smacks of elitism and displays contempt for those in struggle What do efforts say to the oppressed ? How does it help solve war ? Does it speak to those who comprise policy
no to support that problem-solving theory is bad—is a position that abrogates any hope solving realities tha... | More is the pity that such irrational and obviously abstruse debate should so occupy us at a time of great global turmoil. That it does and continues to do so reflect our lack of judicious criteria for evaluating theory and, more importantly, the lack of attachment theorists have to the real world. Certainly, it is rig... | 2,123 | <h4>No prior questions</h4><p><strong>Jarvis ’0</strong> [Darryl; 2000; Former Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Sydney; International Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism, University of South Carolina Press, “Continental Drift,” p. 128-129; GR]</p><p>More is the pity that such irr... | 2AC | Security K | 2AC – K – T/L | 1,595 | 503 | 143,935 | ./documents/hspolicy22/LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy/WiDo/LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy-WiDo-Aff-The-Longhorn-Classic-Doubles.docx | 952,602 | A | The Longhorn Classic | Doubles | Niles North Mazhankou & Khan | Gershom Chan, Het Desai, Lindsay Feinstein | 1AC – Russian Cyber v1.3.7
1NC – T Dialogue, Security K, Courts CP, Con Con CP, DoS PIC, Dip Cap DA, Debt Ceiling DA
Block – Courts CP, T Dialogue, Debt Ceiling DA
2NR – Courts CP | hspolicy22/LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy/WiDo/LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy-WiDo-Aff-The-Longhorn-Classic-Doubles.docx | 2022-12-04 03:07:44 | 80,076 | WiDo | Liberal Arts And Science Academy WiDo | For docs, contact only:
lasaddubs@gmail.com
For chains, put both:
lasaddubs@gmail.com
lasadebatedocs@googlegroups.com
Gideon Witchel (he/him) - 2A
Jack Dollinger (he/him) - 2N | Gi..... | Wi..... | Ja..... | Do..... | 26,584 | LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy | Liberal Arts And Science Academy | TX | null | 2,002 | hspolicy22 | HS Policy 2022-23 | 2,022 | cx | hs | 2 |
4,778,064 | “Justice” is certain. | SEP ’17 | SEP ’17 [Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; 2017; began in September 1995 when John Perry was the Director of the Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), which has nearly 1600 entries online as of March 2018; “Justice”; https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice/] brett | justice is a matter of claims that can be rightfully made against the agent dispensing justice, whether a person or an institution we demand justice justice is a matter of obligation for the agent dispensing it, and that the agent wrongs the recipient if the latter is denied what is due the obligations it creates shoul... | justice is obligatory | Second, Justinian’s definition underlines that just treatment is something due to each person, in other words that justice is a matter of claims that can be rightfully made against the agent dispensing justice, whether a person or an institution. Here there is a contrast with other virtues: we demand justice, but we be... | 1,467 | <h4>“<u>Justice</u>” is <u>certain</u>.</h4><p><strong>SEP ’17</strong> [Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; 2017; began in September 1995 when John Perry was the Director of the Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), which has nearly 1600 entries online as of March 2018; “Justice”; https://plato.sta... | null | OFF | 1NC – CP | 1,704,545 | 202 | 167,392 | ./documents/hsld22/Sammamish/LyWa/Sammamish-LyWa-Neg-TOC-Digital-Speech-and-Debate-Series-3-Doubles.docx | 989,012 | N | TOC Digital Speech and Debate Series 3 | Doubles | Sammamish LW | Kim,Kodumuru,Maan | 1AC - Schengen
1NC - T subsets, T conditional, Populism DA, ICJ CP
1AR - All
2NR - ICJ, Case
2AR - RVI, CP | hsld22/Sammamish/LyWa/Sammamish-LyWa-Neg-TOC-Digital-Speech-and-Debate-Series-3-Doubles.docx | 2023-03-12 16:48:50 | 80,369 | LyWa | Sammamish LyWa | *ghill update * the wiki won't let me disclose round 2 for some reason it crashes everytime i try so just dm me if you want docs for that round
Feel free to contact me before round for disclosure or if you want me to meet any accommodation!
Number - 4252409655
Email - lydiawang327@gmail.com
Messenger - Lydia Wang | Ly..... | Wa..... | null | null | 26,999 | Sammamish | Sammamish | WA | 75,775 | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
4,518,607 | No food wars – institutional responses prevent escalation | Cliffe 16 | Cliffe 16 [Sarah Cliffe, Director of the Center on International Cooperation at New York University, 3/29/16, “Food Security, Nutrition, and Peace,” http://cic.nyu.edu/news_commentary/food-security-nutrition-and-peace | current research does not indicate a clear link between food insecurity and conflict Food security – and food prices – are a highly political issue But their link to conflict is indirect Many countries face food price or natural resource shocks without falling into conflict factors determining their resilience are whet... | current research does not indicate a link between food insecurity and conflict Many countries face food price or resource shocks without conflict factors determining resilience are whether food insecurity is combined with other stresses it would be too simplistic to suggest it was the primary driver whether countries h... | However, current research does not yet indicate a clear link between climate change, food insecurity and conflict, except perhaps where rapidly deteriorating water availability cuts across existing tensions and weak institutions. But a series of interlinked problems – changing global patterns of consumption of energy a... | 2,132 | <h4><u>No</u> food wars – <u>institutional responses</u> prevent escalation </h4><p><strong>Cliffe 16</strong> [Sarah Cliffe, Director of the Center on International Cooperation at New York University, 3/29/16, “Food Security, Nutrition, and Peace,” http://cic.nyu.edu/news_commentary/food-security-nutrition-and-peace</... | Case | Hydropower DA | 1NC – Adv 1 | 12,998 | 535 | 148,917 | ./documents/hsld22/Harker/SaYi/Harker-SaYi-Neg-Glenbrooks-Round-1.docx | 946,396 | N | Glenbrooks | 1 | Harvard-Westlake ZG | Sarah Li | 1ac - dams
1nc - t nebel, hydropower da, rbo cp, case
1ar - all
2nr - hydropower da, case
2ar - same | hsld22/Harker/SaYi/Harker-SaYi-Neg-Glenbrooks-Round-1.docx | 2022-11-19 16:25:49 | 80,922 | SaYi | Harker SaYi | null | Sa..... | Yi..... | null | null | 26,565 | Harker | Harker | CA | null | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,705,973 | It also causes nuclear war and magnifies every geopolitical impact. | Scheffran 16 | Jürgen Scheffran 16, Professor at the Institute for Geography at the University of Hamburg and head of the Research Group Climate Change and Security in the CliSAP Cluster of Excellence and the Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, et al., April 2016, “The Climate-Nuclear Nexus: Exploring the linkages be... | Climate change endangers ecosystems and social systems all over the world degradation of resources decline of water and food forced migration, and disasters will affect population clusters Climate-related shocks will add stress to the world’s existing conflicts and act as a “threat multiplier” in already fragile region... | Climate change endangers ecosystems all over the world decline of water and food migration disasters add stress to existing conflicts as a “threat multiplier This could decline international stability and trigger hostility between nations nuclear weapons possess force to destroy life on Earth risks of nuclear war by ac... | Climate change and nuclear weapons represent two key threats of our time. Climate change endangers ecosystems and social systems all over the world. The degradation of natural resources, the decline of water and food supplies, forced migration, and more frequent and intense disasters will greatly affect population clus... | 2,277 | <h4>It also causes <u>nuclear war</u> and magnifies every <u>geopolitical impact</u>.</h4><p>Jürgen <strong>Scheffran 16</strong>, Professor at the Institute for Geography at the University of Hamburg and head of the Research Group Climate Change and Security in the CliSAP Cluster of Excellence and the Center for Earth... | 1ac | null | 1ac – Warming | 7,891 | 373 | 85,881 | ./documents/hspolicy19/HenryWGrady/NkWa/Henry%20W%20Grady-Nkosi-Wakefield-Aff-Emory-Doubles.docx | 712,337 | A | Emory | Doubles | Greenhill LH | Bannister, Giampetruzzi, McIntosh | null | hspolicy19/HenryWGrady/NkWa/Henry%20W%20Grady-Nkosi-Wakefield-Aff-Emory-Doubles.docx | null | 60,728 | NkWa | Henry W Grady NkWa | null | As..... | Nk..... | Da..... | Wa..... | 21,224 | HenryWGrady | Henry W Grady | GA | null | 1,018 | hspolicy19 | HS Policy 2019-20 | 2,019 | cx | hs | 2 |
1,562,794 | Interpretation: medicines is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that member nations of the World Trade Organization reduce intellectual property protections for a subset of medicines. | Nebel 19 | Nebel 19 Jake Nebel [Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs.] , 8-12-2019, "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution," Briefly, https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/ SM | . Generic resolutions can’t be affirmed by specifying particular instances since generics tolerate exceptions, plan-inclusive counterplans (PICs) do not negate generic resolutions Bare plurals are typically used to express generic generalizations “Colleges and universities” is a generic bare plural. First, ask yourself... | Generic resolutions can’t be affirmed by specifying particular instances First, ask yourself, whether Eight colleges and universities ought not consider standardized tests Therefore colleges and universities ought not consider standardized tests it’s not a valid inference Second, “colleges and universities” fails the u... | Both distinctions are important. Generic resolutions can’t be affirmed by specifying particular instances. But, since generics tolerate exceptions, plan-inclusive counterplans (PICs) do not negate generic resolutions. Bare plurals are typically used to express generic generalizations. But there are two important things... | 5,927 | <h4>Interpretation: medicines is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that member nations of the World Trade Organization reduce intellectual property protections for a subset of medicines.</h4><p><strong>Nebel 19 </strong>Jake Nebel [Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Sout... | null | 1 | null | 336,758 | 586 | 44,998 | ./documents/hsld21/SouthlakeCarroll/Pi/Southlake%20Carroll-Pinjani-Neg-loyola-Round6.docx | 899,290 | N | loyola | 6 | sage mp | ben cortez | 1ac - weed
1nc - t nebel t medicine t permanent who process cp case
1ar - all
2nr - nebel case
2ar - all | hsld21/SouthlakeCarroll/Pi/Southlake%20Carroll-Pinjani-Neg-loyola-Round6.docx | null | 75,341 | EnPi | Southlake Carroll EnPi | null | En..... | Pi..... | null | null | 25,168 | SouthlakeCarroll | Southlake Carroll | TX | null | 1,029 | hsld21 | HS LD 2021-22 | 2,021 | ld | hs | 1 |
582,862 | AI development makes extinction inevitable and outweighs everything | Turchin & Denkenberger 18 | Turchin & Denkenberger 18 [Alexey, David. Turchin is a researcher at the Science for Life Extension Foundation; Denkenberger is with the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute (GCRI) @ Tennessee State University, Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED). 05/03/2018. “Classification of Global Catastrophic Risks Conn... | the probability and seriousness of AI failures will increase with time AI is an extremely powerful and completely unpredictable technology, millions of times more powerful than nuclear weapons. Its existence could create multiple individual global risks, most of which we can not currently imagine The sheer number of po... | the probability and seriousness of AI failures increase with time AI is extremely powerful and completely unpredictable millions of times more powerful than nuclear weapons existence could create multiple individual global risks, most of which we can not currently imagine The sheer number of possible failure modes sugg... | According to Yampolskiy and Spellchecker (2016), the probability and seriousness of AI failures will increase with time. We estimate that they will reach their peak between the appearance of the first self-improving AI and the moment that an AI or group of AIs reach global power, and will later diminish, as late-stage ... | 832 | <h4>AI development makes extinction <u>inevitable</u> and outweighs <u>everything</u> </h4><p><strong>Turchin & Denkenberger 18<u></strong> [Alexey, David. Turchin is a researcher at the Science for Life Extension Foundation; Denkenberger is with the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute (GCRI) @ Tennessee State Universit... | 1AC | 1AC—Policy | 1AC—Advantage | 10,237 | 324 | 9,452 | ./documents/hsld20/Harker/Ma/Harker-Manglik-Aff-Presentation-Round5.docx | 859,419 | A | Presentation | 5 | Loyola BC | Kabir Dubey | 1AC - EU v3
1NC - T-EIU T-A Cap K Conscientious objector PIC AI good CT
1AR - all condo bad
2nr - T-EIU
2AR - T | hsld20/Harker/Ma/Harker-Manglik-Aff-Presentation-Round5.docx | null | 73,078 | AkMa | Harker AkMa | null | Ak..... | Ma..... | null | null | 24,534 | Harker | Harker | CA | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,097,499 | Successful terror plots risk extinction. | Krstić '17 [Marko; January 2017; assistant professor of microelectronics and physics at the University of Belgrade, PhD in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of Belgrade; "Tendency of using chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons for terrorist purposes," Military Technical Co... | Krstić '17 [Marko; January 2017; assistant professor of microelectronics and physics at the University of Belgrade, PhD in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of Belgrade; "Tendency of using chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons for terrorist purposes," Military Technical Co... | a single terrorist or isolated terrorist group could improvise a biological weapon or use other ways to spread anthrax smallpox or other biological agents and thereby cause mass casualties and destroy the health care system of a state. CBRN weapons are secretly shipped to terrorists or hostile governments and represent... | a single group could improvise a CBRN weapon secretly weapons are available to a growing number of enemy groups danger of terrorist use of nuclear weapons represents a very serious threat if a terrorist could access it is highly likely it would use CBRN weapons are a special horror effects can be devastating and indisc... | The studies of a few cases of earlier CBRN actions have led experts to identify the key characteristics of terrorist groups that could potentially have an interest to use these weapons. It is thought that conservatism is inherent in terrorist organizations, but it must not be forgotten that some terrorists are inclined... | 14,994 | <h4>Successful terror plots risk <u>extinction</u>.</h4><p><strong>Krstić '17 [Marko; January 2017; assistant professor of microelectronics and physics at the University of Belgrade, PhD in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of Belgrade; "Tendency of using chemical, biological, radiological... | NC | Terror DA | null | 18,156 | 308 | 62,708 | ./documents/hsld20/Brentwood/Ho/Brentwood-Ho-Neg-golden%20desert-Round3.docx | 854,429 | N | golden desert | 3 | marlborough ml | selena zhang | 1ac mhc automated warfare loac
1nc regulation cp terror da | hsld20/Brentwood/Ho/Brentwood-Ho-Neg-golden%20desert-Round3.docx | null | 72,737 | SaHo | Brentwood SaHo | null | Sa..... | Ho..... | null | null | 24,436 | Brentwood | Brentwood | CA | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
1,915,629 | Existential risks outweigh. | Farquhar et al. 17 | Farquhar et al. 17 – Sebastian Farquhar, Computer Science DPhil Student at the University of Oxford. John Halstead, Political Philosophy DPhil at the University of Oxford. Dr. Owen Cotton-Barratt, Pure Math DPhil at the University of Oxford. Dr. Stefan Schubert, Philosophy PhD at Lund University. Haydn Belfield, a BA. ... | existential catastrophes would “destroy the future,” This future could be extremely long and full of flourishing, and have extremely large value. In standard risk analysis we work out the expected value by weighing the probability an action will prevent an adverse event against the severity of the event. Because existe... | work out value a tiny probability has huge value
ex risk fail to live up to equity catastrophe would give future gen s nothing
problem is temporal free riding gen enjoys inaction while future gen s bear the costs
biases lead people to underestimate ex risks This is availability heuristic assumes something is important ... | In this argument, it seems that Parfit is assuming that the survivors of a nuclear war that kills 99% of the population would eventually be able to recover civilisation without long-term effect. As we have seen, this may not be a safe assumption – but for the purposes of this thought experiment, the point stands. What ... | 5,582 | <h4>Existential risks <u>outweigh</u>.</h4><p><strong>Farquhar et al. 17</strong> – Sebastian Farquhar, Computer Science DPhil Student at the University of Oxford. John Halstead, Political Philosophy DPhil at the University of Oxford. Dr. Owen Cotton-Barratt, Pure Math DPhil at the University of Oxford. Dr. Stefan Schu... | Churchill R2 Neg v WW KS | 1NC | Framing | 261 | 2,546 | 56,582 | ./documents/hspolicy20/LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy/GuPo/Liberal%20Arts%20And%20Science%20Academy-Gu-Poe-Neg-Churchill-Round2.docx | 733,033 | N | Churchill | 2 | Westwood KS | Rema Bhat | 1AC - Defund the Police
1NC - T-Enact
Cap K
NGA CP
RIS CP
2NC - K
1NR - NGA CP
2NR - K | hspolicy20/LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy/GuPo/Liberal%20Arts%20And%20Science%20Academy-Gu-Poe-Neg-Churchill-Round2.docx | null | 62,569 | GuPo | Liberal Arts And Science Academy GuPo | null | Da..... | Gu..... | Ia..... | Po..... | 21,689 | LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy | Liberal Arts And Science Academy | TX | null | 1,019 | hspolicy20 | HS Policy 2020-21 | 2,020 | cx | hs | 2 |
4,754,707 | Capitalism is unsustainable and causes extinction from warming, mineral and water wars. | Reese 20 brett | Reese 20 [Ted; 9-2-20; author of Socialism or Extinction and The End of Capitalism: The Thought of Henryk Grossman, “‘Socialism or extinction’ is a scientific fact, not just a slogan”, https://grossmanite.medium.com/socialism-or-extinction-is-a-fact-not-a-slogan-3cb97b198c50, emuse)] recut brett | Socialism or extinction is a statement of scientific fact. capital’s exploitation of commodity-producing labour is the sole source of profit Therefore, capital’s evermore demanding need to accumulate is based on the continual expansion of intensive production, i.e. the extraction of fossil fuel and metals, deforestatio... | Socialism or extinction is scientific fact. capital’s expansion is threatening runaway heating that make the planet uninhabitable surplus converted faster than produced resulting in decennial recessions material use tracks GDP Every unit means additional extraction driving total energy demand up new fuels are added on ... | Socialism or extinction is not just a slogan, though; it is a statement of scientific fact. If XR does not stand for socialism, then it must necessarily stand for extinction, rendering its own alleged purpose redundant. In short: capitalism is a profit-dependent system, and must therefore continue to expand production ... | 14,687 | <h4>Capitalism is <u>unsustainable</u> and causes <u>extinction</u> from <u>warming</u>, <u>mineral</u> and <u>water wars</u>.</h4><p><strong>Reese 20 </strong>[Ted; 9-2-20; author of Socialism or Extinction and The End of Capitalism: The Thought of Henryk Grossman, “‘Socialism or extinction’ is a scientific fact, not ... | null | null | 1NC – OFF | 314,383 | 329 | 166,292 | ./documents/hsld22/MontaVista/EtYa/MontaVista-EtYa-Neg-TOC-Digital-Speech-and-Debate-Series-2-Round-2.docx | 983,168 | N | TOC Digital Speech and Debate Series 2 | 2 | Lincoln East BH | Levi | 1AC - Oppression
1NC - T-Implementation - No Borders CP - Util NC - Populism DA - Cap K - Case
1AR - All - Niemi - Queer IVI
2NR - 1AR Voters - Cap K - Case
2AR - Same | hsld22/MontaVista/EtYa/MontaVista-EtYa-Neg-TOC-Digital-Speech-and-Debate-Series-2-Round-2.docx | 2023-02-25 02:26:15 | 80,363 | EtYa | Monta Vista EtYa | Hi, I'm Ethan. You can email me at ethanyang380@gmail.com for disclosure.
Please let me know if I'm missing something or you have any other disclosure interps you want me to meet.
If I forgot a 1AR interp, please let me know - I may have forgotten to add it here.
1AR Interps -
Interpretation: All neg positions must... | Et..... | Ya..... | null | null | 26,996 | MontaVista | Monta Vista | CA | null | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
4,789,963 | Backing down goes nuclear. | Zagorodnyuk 22 | Zagorodnyuk 22 [Andriy; 10-18-22; chairman of the Center for Defence Strategies and Ukraine’s former minister of defense (2019–2020); “Bowing to Putin’s nuclear blackmail will make nuclear war more likely,” https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/bowing-to-putins-nuclear-blackmail-will-make-nuclear-war-far-m... | With his invasion of Ukraine rapidly unraveling Putin has recently resorted to nuclear saber-rattling has caused widespread international alarm and is fueling mounting calls for to reach a compromise
The to appease Moscow reflects a shortsighted failure to appreciate the appalling security implications of bowing down t... | compromise
would not end the war
If nuclear threats succeed MAD will be torn up
nuclear threatening a non-nuclear state because it has failed to win by conventional means
spark a nuclear scramble not having nukes invit invasion
spiraling nuclear confrontation
plunged into nuc war | With his armies in retreat and his invasion of Ukraine rapidly unraveling, Russian President Vladimir Putin has recently resorted to nuclear saber-rattling. This has caused widespread international alarm and is fueling mounting calls for Ukraine to reach a compromise with the Kremlin in order to avert World War III.
Th... | 4,902 | <h4>Backing down <u>goes nuclear</u>.</h4><p><strong>Zagorodnyuk 22</strong> [Andriy; 10-18-22; chairman of the Center for Defence Strategies and Ukraine’s former minister of defense (2019–2020); “Bowing to Putin’s nuclear blackmail will make nuclear war more likely,” https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/... | 1AC – Schengen Expansion R5 | null | 1AC—ADV—Unity | 1,705,360 | 207 | 168,005 | ./documents/hsld22/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory/AySi/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory-AySi-Aff-49th-Harvard-National-Forensics-Tournament-Round-5.docx | 980,456 | A | 49th Harvard National Forensics Tournament | 5 | Charlotte Latin EL | Heirigs | 1AC - Schengen Expansion v2
1NC - Arms CP, Puar K, Case
1AR - All
2NR - Arms CP, Case
2AR - Same | hsld22/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory/AySi/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory-AySi-Aff-49th-Harvard-National-Forensics-Tournament-Round-5.docx | 2023-02-19 15:51:37 | 82,402 | AySi | Strake Jesuit College Preparatory AySi | Hey, I'm Ayaan! (he/him) I'm a novice and not really used to wiki norms yet, so please contact me if you have any interps you want me to meet - I will accommodate any disclosure interps if I'm missing anything on my wiki, just please message me first.
Contact (best to worst):
1. ayaandebate@gmail.com
2. FB - Ayaan ... | Ay..... | Si..... | null | null | 27,049 | StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory | Strake Jesuit College Preparatory | TX | 36,501 | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,218,116 | Partisanship is destroying strong international commitments and clear foreign policy objectives, unraveling the American century. | Trubowitz 19 | Trubowitz 19 [Peter Trubowitz, Professor of international relations at the London Schol of economics and political science, https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/will-dysfunctional-politics-finally-end-american-century#, “Will Dysfunctional Politics Finally end the American Century? ] | America is suffering from a shortage of functional or ‘usable power. the domestic political ability of US presidents to turn the country’s tremendous power and wealth into international influence is declining. This has been the case for some time now. America’s deficit of usable power did not begin with Donald Trump, b... | America is suffering from a shortage of usable power. the ability of presidents to turn power into influence
usable power depends on ability to win support of broad cross-section three tools : bipartisanship leader’s ability to set debate
Bipartisanship was the norm in the Cold War voters , found
So did America’s all... | America is suffering from a shortage of functional or ‘usable power.’ While relative power as measured by its military arsenal vis-à-vis those of its rivals has held steady, the domestic political ability of US presidents to turn the country’s tremendous power and wealth into international influence is declining. This ... | 4,072 | <h4>Partisanship is destroying strong international commitments and clear foreign policy objectives, unraveling the American century. </h4><p><u><strong>Trubowitz 19</u></strong> [Peter Trubowitz, Professor of international relations at the London Schol of economics and political science, <u>https://www.chathamhouse.or... | 1AC | null | 1AC—Advantage: Partisanship | 356,595 | 224 | 68,664 | ./documents/hsld20/Kennedy/Ra/Kennedy-Rastogi-Aff-Valley-Round3.docx | 863,642 | A | Valley | 3 | Brett Fortier | Tarun Ratnasabapathy | 1AC - Heg (US FW
1NC - Sortition CP Referendums PIC No new 2AR justifications Heg bad | hsld20/Kennedy/Ra/Kennedy-Rastogi-Aff-Valley-Round3.docx | null | 73,246 | KeRa | Kennedy KeRa | null | Ke..... | Ra..... | null | null | 24,571 | Kennedy | Kennedy | CA | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
4,423,782 | The CP solves---if we kick it, it’s an alt cause to the AFF---Canadian leadership is the lynchpin of NATO solidarity. | Leuprecht et al. ‘19 | Leuprecht et al. ‘19 — Christian Leuprecht (Ph.D, Queen’s) is Class of 1965 Professor in Leadership, Department of Political Science and Economics, Royal Military College and Eisenhower Fellow at the NATO Defence College in Rome. Joel Sokolsky is Professor, PhD (Harvard); MA (John Hopkins); BA Hons (Toronto), RMC & Pol... | Canada’s significant contribution to the eFP reflects its role as one of the most militarily capable NATO member states but its rather important role in political messaging and establishing credibility of the operation as a whole By example Canada’s renewal of commitment to Baltic security conveys military capability t... | Canada’s one of most militarily capable NATO states important establishing credibility of a whole politically and militarily crucial in signalling solidarity Canada lead others follow Canada corral the US making sure the US recommits and stays course on | No surprise, then, that Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau German Chancellor Angela Merkel, and Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte, were quick to stick to their policy guns, claiming that what counts is not some arbitrary, hard-to-count, inconsistently applied measure of the portion of national wealth devoted to... | 2,608 | <h4>The CP solves---if we kick it, it’s an alt cause to the AFF---Canadian leadership is the lynchpin of NATO solidarity.</h4><p><strong>Leuprecht et al. ‘19</strong> — Christian Leuprecht (Ph.D, Queen’s) is Class of 1965 Professor in Leadership, Department of Political Science and Economics, Royal Military College and... | null | OFF | CP – Canada | 1,663,688 | 276 | 145,407 | ./documents/hspolicy22/RowlandHall/HaGa/RowlandHall-HaGa-Neg-Damus-Hollywood-Invitational-Round-4.docx | 945,133 | N | Damus Hollywood Invitational | 4 | College Prep AB | Walsh | 1AC — Vaccines
1NC — Croatia PIC, Canada CP, Turkey Appeasement DA, Ableist language pic
2NR — Croatia PIC | hspolicy22/RowlandHall/HaGa/RowlandHall-HaGa-Neg-Damus-Hollywood-Invitational-Round-4.docx | 2022-12-19 15:13:13 | 82,328 | HaGa | Rowland Hall HaGa | Contact Info
elihatton@rowlandhall.org
aidengandhi@rowlandhall.org | El..... | Ha..... | Ai..... | Ga..... | 27,162 | RowlandHall | Rowland Hall | UT | 699 | 2,002 | hspolicy22 | HS Policy 2022-23 | 2,022 | cx | hs | 2 |
1,214,182 | Protection of water resources secures access for capitalist growth and weaponizes control to create new markets---only through collective struggle against capitalism can water be sustainably protected. | Hill '19 | Hill '19 [Meg; 10/6/19; writer for Red Flag, a publication of Socialist Alternative; "Under capitalism, even water is a tool of oppression," https://mronline.org/2019/10/11/under-capitalism-even-water-is-a-tool-of-oppression/] | under capitalism, even water is a tool of social domination. That is the logic of a system of class rule. Capitalism turns material abundance into socially constructed scarcity. No resource–not even water–is exempt from that violent process. Resources like water are commodified and weaponised, through the workings of t... | under capitalism water is weaponised, through the market and state a potential weapon for the ruling class
opening new markets presupposes dispossession
Human need for water is a weapon in service of imperialism and settler colonialism
under capitalism. While competition and profit motive reign water use is separated f... | All life depends on water. It covers 71 percent of the Earth’s surface, makes up 60 percent of our bodies and literally falls from the sky. It’s abundant and indispensable. But under capitalism, even water is a tool of social domination. That is the logic of a system of class rule. Capitalism turns material abundance i... | 11,415 | <h4>Protection of water resources <u>secures access</u> for capitalist growth and <u>weaponizes control</u> to <u>create new markets</u>---only through <u>collective struggle</u> against capitalism can water be <u>sustainably protected</u>.</h4><p><strong>Hill '19 </strong>[Meg; 10/6/19; writer for Red Flag, a publicat... | 1NC Round 1 GDS | OFF | 1NC—OFF | 26,425 | 296 | 29,780 | ./documents/hspolicy21/PineCrestSchool/YaGr/Pine%20Crest%20School-Yatak-Greenberg-Neg-2%20-%20Georgetown%20Day%20School-Round1.docx | 754,083 | N | 2 - Georgetown Day School | 1 | Unionville WP | Joseph Tierney | 1AC - CAFOs
1NC - T-Utilities v1 P-ASPEC v2 DA-Infrastructure v2 CP-NEPA v3 K-Capitalism v1
2NC - Capitalism K v1
1NR - T-Utilities v1
2NR - T-Utilities v1 | hspolicy21/PineCrestSchool/YaGr/Pine%20Crest%20School-Yatak-Greenberg-Neg-2%20-%20Georgetown%20Day%20School-Round1.docx | null | 64,319 | YaGr | Pine Crest School YaGr | null | Ma..... | Ya..... | Mi..... | Gr..... | 22,101 | PineCrestSchool | Pine Crest School | FL | null | 1,020 | hspolicy21 | HS Policy 2021-22 | 2,021 | cx | hs | 2 |
802,162 | Topical fairness requirements are key to meaningful dialogue—monopolizing strategy and prep makes the discussion one-sided and subverts any meaningful neg role | Galloway 7 | Ryan Galloway 7, Samford Comm prof, Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, Vol. 28, 2007 | Debate as a dialogue The affirmative side is set by the topic and fairness requirements Setting the affirmative reciprocally sets the negative When competitive equity suffers However, it also undermines the respect due to the other involved in the dialogue. When one side excludes the other, it fundamentally denies the... | Debate as a dialogue is set by topic requirements When competitive equity suffers it denies the personhood of the other participant this is a fundamental condition of dialogue Far from a banal request for links fairness is a demand for respect that months of preparation not be silenced. cases that suspend fairness ex... | Debate as a dialogue sets an argumentative table, where all parties receive a relatively fair opportunity to voice their position. Anything that fails to allow participants to have their position articulated denies one side of the argumentative table a fair hearing. The affirmative side is set by the topic and fairness... | 3,503 | <h4>Topical fairness requirements are key to <u>meaningful</u> dialogue—monopolizing strategy and prep makes the discussion one-sided and <u>subverts any meaningful neg role</h4><p></u>Ryan<strong> Galloway 7</strong>, Samford Comm prof, Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, Vol. 28, 2007</p><p><u><mark>Debate as a di... | 1NR | FW | Impact | 90,248 | 398 | 18,764 | ./documents/ndtceda14/Northwestern/OBWo/Northwestern-OBrien-Worku-Neg-Harvard-Round7.docx | 569,554 | N | Harvard | 7 | Texas CM | Kevin Hirn | 1NC
T Legalize and US and Sale
Worker Protections CP
Biotech and HC Costs DA
Case
2NR
CP and DA | ndtceda14/Northwestern/OBWo/Northwestern-OBrien-Worku-Neg-Harvard-Round7.docx | null | 48,762 | OBWo | Northwestern OBWo | null | Co..... | OB..... | Ro..... | Wo..... | 18,801 | Northwestern | Northwestern | null | null | 1,004 | ndtceda14 | NDT/CEDA 2014-15 | 2,014 | cx | college | 2 |
3,124,093 | Stable U.S. ag key to prevent great power wars—multiple hotspots | Castellaw 17 | Castellaw 17 (John – 36-year veteran of the U.S. Marine Corps and the Founder and CEO of Farmspace Systems LLC, “Opinion: Food Security Strategy Is Essential to Our National Security,” 5/1/17, https://www.agri-pulse.com/articles/9203-opinion-food-security-strategy-is-essential-to-our-national-security) | The United States faces many threats to our National Security. These threats include continuing wars with extremist elements such as ISIS and potential wars with rogue state North Korea or regional nuclear power Iran. The heated economic and diplomatic competition with Russia and a surging China could spiral out of con... | The U S faces threats such as ISIS and wars with North Korea or Iran. competition with Russia and China could spiral out of control. reliable food supplies and stable prices produce stable countries. Food insecurity drives mass migration generating conflicts disrupting economic, military, and diplomatic relationships. ... | The United States faces many threats to our National Security. These threats include continuing wars with extremist elements such as ISIS and potential wars with rogue state North Korea or regional nuclear power Iran. The heated economic and diplomatic competition with Russia and a surging China could spiral out of con... | 4,606 | <h4>Stable U.S. ag key to prevent great power wars—multiple hotspots</h4><p><strong>Castellaw 17<u></strong> (John – 36-year veteran of the U.S. Marine Corps and the Founder and CEO of Farmspace Systems LLC, “Opinion: Food Security Strategy Is Essential to Our National Security,” 5/1/17, https://www.agri-pulse.com/arti... | null | Off | null | 2,218 | 1,856 | 101,783 | ./documents/ndtceda18/MissouriState/EvPi/Missouri%20State-Evans-Pieper-Neg-Wake%20Forest-Round6.docx | 607,092 | N | Wake Forest | 6 | Mary WashingtonMinnesota HK | Derek Hiligoss | 1ac- trade
Energy
Econ
1nc-
ESR CP
Farm Bill
LNG on case
Pres Powers
Fem K
2nr-
Fem K | ndtceda18/MissouriState/EvPi/Missouri%20State-Evans-Pieper-Neg-Wake%20Forest-Round6.docx | null | 51,483 | EvPi | Missouri State EvPi | null | Ky..... | Ev..... | El..... | Pi..... | 19,203 | MissouriState | Missouri State | null | null | 1,008 | ndtceda18 | NDT/CEDA 2018-19 | 2,018 | cx | college | 2 |
2,013,814 | Refusing a telos-driven politics in favor of proliferating refusal is a disaster they assume a transformative potential from everyday moments of resistance that simply does not exist | Reed 16 | Reed 16 [Adolph, Jr., Prof. of Political Science @ Penn., “Splendors and Miseries of the Antiracist “Left”” Nonsite, http://nonsite.org/editorial/splendors-and-miseries-of-the-antiracist-left-2] | a decade and a half ago I criticized infrapolitics understood as the domain of pre-political acts of everyday “resistance undertaken by subordinated populations, which was then all the rage in cultural studies Proponents of the political importance of this domain insisted that, because insurgent movements emerge within... | infrapolitics as pre-political acts all the rage in cultural studies Proponents insisted that movements emerge within resistance examining could help in understanding insurgencies develop and ought to be expressions of politics themselves. trendiness and the atrophy of the left encouraged flights into fantasy infrapoli... | More than a decade and a half ago I criticized similar formulations of a notion of “infrapolitics,” understood as the domain of pre-political acts of everyday “resistance” undertaken by subordinated populations, which was then all the rage in cultural studies programs. Proponents of the political importance of this dom... | 2,024 | <h4>Refusing a telos-driven politics in favor of <u>proliferating</u> refusal is a <u>disaster</u> they assume a <u>transformative potential</u> from <u>everyday moments of resistance</u> that simply does not exist</h4><p><strong>Reed 16</strong> [Adolph, Jr., Prof. of Political Science @ Penn., “Splendors and Miseries... | 1NR | Case | 1NR — Presumption | 14,615 | 414 | 59,587 | ./documents/hspolicy20/RuralBluniors/PaWi/Rural%20Bluniors-Park-Willingham-Neg-02%20-%20UGA-Semis.docx | 738,995 | N | 02 - UGA | Semis | Northview AI | Cecilia Cerja, Nick Lepp, Sam Wombough | 1AC Race War
1NC T-USFG Cap K
2NC T-USFG
1NR Case
2NR T-USFG | hspolicy20/RuralBluniors/PaWi/Rural%20Bluniors-Park-Willingham-Neg-02%20-%20UGA-Semis.docx | null | 62,978 | PaWi | Rural Bluniors PaWi | null | Ji..... | Pa..... | Za..... | Wi..... | 21,789 | RuralBluniors | Rural Bluniors | KS | null | 1,019 | hspolicy20 | HS Policy 2020-21 | 2,020 | cx | hs | 2 |
1,965,981 | Disads are systematically underestimated in debates. | Wiener 16 | Wiener 16 – Jonathan B. Wiener, Law and Public Policy Professor at Duke University, University Fellow at the Resources for the Future, Past President of the Society for Risk Analysis, the scientific committee member at the International Risk Governance Council. [The Tragedy of the Uncommons: On the Politics of Apocalyp... | that rare risks outweigh other risks depends on their probability and consequence compared to other risks the appropriate response will depend on policy options
Research in psychology and political economy indicates why extreme mega‐catastrophic risks are systematically neglected. Here I seek to bring greater clarity t... | that rare risks outweigh depends on probability and consequence response will depend on policy
psych indicates ex risks are neglected
ultra risks are not experienced it is experts, applying quant methods while public seems less interested
mega‐ risks are not salient not experienced, so availability is lacking
Describin... | My point is not that rare global catastrophic ‘uncommons’ risks outweigh other risks. That depends on their probability and consequence compared to other risks, and the appropriate response to each will depend on the merits of the policy options. And I do not mean to say that uncommons risks are now (or should be) repl... | 17,162 | <h4>Disads are <u>systematically underestimated</u> in <u>debates</u>.</h4><p><strong>Wiener 16</strong> – Jonathan B. Wiener, Law and Public Policy Professor at Duke University, University Fellow at the Resources for the Future, Past President of the Society for Risk Analysis, the scientific committee member at the In... | 1nc | Framing | null | 20,599 | 454 | 58,034 | ./documents/hspolicy20/MontgomeryBell/EsZh/Montgomery%20Bell-Estrin-Zhang-Neg-UNLV-Round4.docx | 735,304 | N | UNLV | 4 | kamiak LL | Don Fagan | 1ac was mandatory minimums
2nr was nga | hspolicy20/MontgomeryBell/EsZh/Montgomery%20Bell-Estrin-Zhang-Neg-UNLV-Round4.docx | null | 62,698 | EsZh | Montgomery Bell EsZh | null | Ry..... | Es..... | Br..... | Zh..... | 21,723 | MontgomeryBell | Montgomery Bell | TN | null | 1,019 | hspolicy20 | HS Policy 2020-21 | 2,020 | cx | hs | 2 |
953,556 | Plan trades off with FTC resources in other areas | Reinhart 21 | Reinhart 21 – Tara Reinhart, head of the Antitrust/Competition Group in Skadden’s Washington, D.C. office, “Lina Khan’s Appointment as FTC Chair Reflects Biden Administration’s Aggressive Stance on Antitrust Enforcement,” 6/18/21, https://www.skadden.com/insights/publications/2021/06/lina-khans-appointment-as-ftc-chair | the FTC will face resource constraints. Bringing antitrust litigation is an expensive and laborious process requiring millions of dollars for expert fees and a large army of FTC staff attorneys and taking many months or even years to accomplish. Typically, the FTC can only litigate a handful of antitrust matters at a t... | the FTC face resource constraints antitrust litigation is expensive and laborious requiring millions and a large army of attorneys and taking years the FTC can only litigate a handful of matters at a time the FTC will have to pick carefully | Second, like all antitrust enforcers, Ms. Khan and the FTC will face resource constraints. Bringing antitrust litigation is an expensive and laborious process, often requiring millions of dollars for expert fees and a large army of FTC staff attorneys and taking many months or even years to accomplish. Typically, the F... | 645 | <h4>Plan trades off with FTC resources in other areas</h4><p><strong>Reinhart 21</strong> – Tara Reinhart, head of the Antitrust/Competition Group in Skadden’s Washington, D.C. office, “Lina Khan’s Appointment as FTC Chair Reflects Biden Administration’s Aggressive Stance on Antitrust Enforcement,” 6/18/21, https://www... | 1NC | Off | FTC DA – 1NC | 483,472 | 210 | 23,168 | ./documents/ndtceda21/Dartmouth/ShVe/Dartmouth-Shankar-Vergho-Neg-4%20-%20DRR-Round4.docx | 623,260 | N | 4 - DRR | 4 | Emory GK | Jackie Poapst | 1AC
- Religious Freedom
1NC
- Court CP
- Politics DA
- Regulate CP
- Sunsets CP
- CIL CP
- T-Prohibit
- LPE K
- Biz Con DA
- States CP
- FTC Tradeoff DA
2NC
- Sunsets CP
- Court CP
1NR
- Politics DA
2NR
- Sunsets CP
- Politics DA
2AR
- Condo | ndtceda21/Dartmouth/ShVe/Dartmouth-Shankar-Vergho-Neg-4%20-%20DRR-Round4.docx | null | 52,618 | ShVe | Dartmouth ShVe | null | Ar..... | Sh..... | Ty..... | Ve..... | 19,377 | Dartmouth | Dartmouth | null | null | 1,011 | ndtceda21 | NDT/CEDA 2021-22 | 2,021 | cx | college | 2 |
652,924 | That causes extinction – | Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed | Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed | advanced bioweapons could threaten human existence though probability may be low, the expected value of reducing risk could still be large, since risks jeopardize all future generations Historically, disease events have been responsible for the greatest death tolls on humanity a future pandemic could result in outright... | advanced bioweapons threaten human existence though probability may be low expected value still large, since risks jeopardize all future generations Historically responsible for the greatest death tolls skeptic think unlikely to spread to remote populations overcome genetic resistances evade detection and countermeasur... | In the decades to come, advanced bioweapons could threaten human existence. Although the probability of human extinction from bioweapons may be low, the expected value of reducing the risk could still be large, since such risks jeopardize the existence of all future generations. We provide an overview of biotechnologic... | 8,388 | <h4>That causes extinction – </h4><p><strong>Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17<u>. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective B... | null | null | 3 | 2,127 | 2,005 | 12,869 | ./documents/hsld19/CrossingsSchool/Ha/Crossings%20School-Hanna-Neg-Marl-Round4.docx | 835,193 | N | Marl | 4 | Pennensula LH | Matthew Mcfadden | 1AC- IndoPak
1NC- T-nebel Spec Weapons Bioweapons DA Agni V Pic
2NR- Agni V pic | hsld19/CrossingsSchool/Ha/Crossings%20School-Hanna-Neg-Marl-Round4.docx | null | 71,404 | JaHa | Crossings School JaHa | null | Ja..... | Ha..... | null | null | 24,053 | CrossingsSchool | Crossings School | OK | null | 1,027 | hsld19 | HS LD 2019-20 | 2,019 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,111,861 | That escalates to nuclear war | Futter 18 Andrew Futter (Andrew Futter is an associate professor in the School of History, Politics, and International Relations at the University of Leicester. He is the author of The Politics of Nuclear Weapons and Ballistic Missile Defence and US National Security Policy, the editor of The United Kingdom and the Fut... | Futter 18 Andrew Futter (Andrew Futter is an associate professor in the School of History, Politics, and International Relations at the University of Leicester. He is the author of The Politics of Nuclear Weapons and Ballistic Missile Defence and US National Security Policy, the editor of The United Kingdom and the Fut... | The first thing to note is that even if nuclear systems are not targeted directly or are successfully guarded against malicious hackers, it seems very likely that the use—or even the threat of use—of cyber capabilities against an opponent during a crisis will raise tensions, concerns, and perceived vulnerabilities, and... | the use of cyber capabilities will complicate the escalation ladder hackers could disrupt communications channels reducing commanders' confidence in their weapons systems Aggressors might hamper battle management systems and make it more difficult to conduct a response a cyberattack on systems control weapons might be ... | “What, then, might this cyber-enabled conflict, or warfare involving cyber operations, look like? And how might these pressures involve thinking about nuclear weapons? The first thing to note is that even if nuclear systems are not targeted directly or are successfully guarded against malicious hackers, it seems very l... | 8,637 | <h4>That escalates to nuclear war</h4><p><strong>Futter 18</strong> <u><strong>Andrew Futter (Andrew Futter is an associate professor in the School of History, Politics, and International Relations at the University of Leicester. He is the author of The Politics of Nuclear Weapons and Ballistic Missile Defence and US N... | AC | null | Advantage 2: Cyber Attacks | 356,001 | 217 | 63,364 | ./documents/hsld20/BrookfieldEast/Ji/Brookfield%20East-Jia-Aff-Wisconsin%20State-Finals.docx | 854,881 | A | Wisconsin State | Finals | Mihir Uberoi | All | Whole res
das
debaters may not negate theory
das
debaters may not negate theory | hsld20/BrookfieldEast/Ji/Brookfield%20East-Jia-Aff-Wisconsin%20State-Finals.docx | null | 72,783 | DaJi | Brookfield East DaJi | null | Da..... | Ji..... | null | null | 24,440 | BrookfieldEast | Brookfield East | WI | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
1,430,188 | The Plan solves Evergreening. | Feldman 3 | Feldman 3 Robin Feldman 2-11-2019 "‘One-and-done’ for new drugs could cut patent thickets and boost generic competition" https://www.statnews.com/2019/02/11/drug-patent-protection-one-done/ (Arthur J. Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Law, Albert Abramson ’54 Distinguished Professor of Law Chair, and Director of the ... | I believe that one period of protection should be enough. We should make the legal changes necessary to prevent companies from building patent walls and piling up mountains of rights. This could be accomplished by a “one-and-done” approach for patent protection. Under it, a drug would receive just one period of exclusi... | one period of protection should be enough make legal changes to prevent companies from building patent walls accomplished by a “one-and-done” approach The result is that a company chooses whether exclusivity would be a patent orphan drug designation data exclusivity but not all of the above Implementing one-and-done th... | I believe that one period of protection should be enough. We should make the legal changes necessary to prevent companies from building patent walls and piling up mountains of rights. This could be accomplished by a “one-and-done” approach for patent protection. Under it, a drug would receive just one period of exclusi... | 3,610 | <h4>The Plan <u>solves Evergreening</u>.</h4><p><strong>Feldman 3</strong> Robin Feldman 2-11-2019 "‘One-and-done’ for new drugs could cut patent thickets and boost generic competition" https://www.statnews.com/2019/02/11/drug-patent-protection-one-done/ (Arthur J. Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Law, Albert Abrams... | 1ac | null | 1AC: Plan | 335,066 | 441 | 39,155 | ./documents/hsld21/HoustonMemorial/Ch/Houston%20Memorial-Cho-Aff-Loyola-Round3.docx | 889,049 | A | Loyola | 3 | Southlake Caroll EP | Truman Le | 1AC - Evergreening
1NC - Biotech DA Bioterror DA
1AR - all
2nr - bioterror DA
2ar - case DA | hsld21/HoustonMemorial/Ch/Houston%20Memorial-Cho-Aff-Loyola-Round3.docx | null | 74,783 | SeCh | Houston Memorial SeCh | null | Se..... | Ch..... | null | null | 25,020 | HoustonMemorial | Houston Memorial | TX | null | 1,029 | hsld21 | HS LD 2021-22 | 2,021 | ld | hs | 1 |
4,736,517 | Immigration kills the economy – wage deflation, government spending, and inequality more than offset any gains | Borjas 16 | George J. Borjas 16 {professor of economics and social policy at the Harvard Kennedy School} - ("Yes, Immigration Hurts American Workers," POLITICO Magazine, published September/October 2016, accessed 12-17-2022, https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/09/trump-clinton-immigration-economy-unemployment-jobs-214216/... | anyone who tells you that immigration doesn’t have any negative effects doesn’t understand how it really works. When the supply of workers goes up, the price that firms have to pay to hire workers goes down. Wage trends over the past half-century suggest that a 10 percent increase in the number of workers with a partic... | When supply of workers goes up price to hire goes down a 10 percent increase lowers wage at least 3 percent Even after the economy fully adjusted
low-skilled workers suffered most The monetary loss is sizable
abuse of 1B shows firms will dismiss current workforce when they find cheaper immigrant workers.
immigration re... | This second message might be hard for many Americans to process, but anyone who tells you that immigration doesn’t have any negative effects doesn’t understand how it really works. When the supply of workers goes up, the price that firms have to pay to hire workers goes down. Wage trends over the past half-century sugg... | 3,835 | <h4>Immigration kills the economy – wage deflation, government spending, and inequality more than offset any gains</h4><p>George J. <strong>Borjas 16</strong> {professor of economics and social policy at the Harvard Kennedy School} - ("Yes, Immigration Hurts American Workers," POLITICO Magazine, published September/Oct... | null | null | ECON | 96,073 | 462 | 165,634 | ./documents/hsld22/Marlborough/GaAd/Marlborough-GaAd-Neg-Peninsula-Invitational-Round-2.docx | 966,271 | N | Peninsula Invitational | 2 | St Ignatius NW | Xiong | AC-Humanitarian Help, More Migrants More Money,Diversity Disco
NC- Capk, Populism DA, Case
1AR-Case, MMMM
NR- CapK, Case, DA
2AR-CapK | hsld22/Marlborough/GaAd/Marlborough-GaAd-Neg-Peninsula-Invitational-Round-2.docx | 2023-01-21 21:49:52 | 80,333 | GaAd | Marlborough GaAd | null | Ga..... | Ad..... | null | null | 26,925 | Marlborough | Marlborough | CA | null | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
262,241 | Prior questions are infinite — prioritizing action essential to marginalized groups. | Cochran 99 — | Cochran 99 — Molly, Assistant Professor of International Affairs at Georgia Institute for Technology, “Normative Theory in International Relations”, 1999, pg. 272 | while postmodernist debates continue, while we are still unsure as to what we can legitimately identify as a ethical/political concern, while we still are unclear about the relationship between discourse and experience, it is important that we proceed with analysis of the material This holds for all theorists oriented ... | while debates continue it is important that we proceed with analysis of the material This holds for all theorists oriented towards the goal of extending moral inclusion in the present climate of epistemological uncertainty. Important political concerns hang in the balance. We cannot afford to wait for meta questions to... | To conclude this chapter, while modernist and postmodernist debates continue, while we are still unsure as to what we can legitimately identify as a feminist ethical/political concern, while we still are unclear about the relationship between discourse and experience, it is particularly important for feminists that we ... | 1,523 | <h4>Prior questions are infinite — prioritizing action essential to marginalized groups.</h4><p><strong>Cochran 99 — </strong>Molly, Assistant Professor of International Affairs at Georgia Institute for Technology, “Normative Theory in International Relations”, 1999, pg. 272</p><p>To conclude this chapter, <u><mark>whi... | Affirmative | 2AC | They Say: “Reps Prior Question” | 18,218 | 473 | 3,317 | ./documents/openev/2016/HSS/Knowing China Critique - HSS 2016.docx | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
3,074,818 | The federal government is in Washington D.C. | Encarta Online 5 | Encarta Online 5
(http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741500781_6/United_States_(Government).html#howtocite) | The federal government of the United States is centered in D.C. | The federal government of the U S is in D.C. | United States (Government), the combination of federal, state, and local laws, bodies, and agencies that is responsible for carrying out the operations of the United States. The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington, D.C. | 249 | <h4><strong>The federal government is in Washington D.C.</h4><p>Encarta Online 5</p><p><u><mark>(http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741500781_6/United_States_(Government).html#howtocite)</p><p></u></strong></mark>United States (Government), the combination of federal, state, and local laws, bodies, and agencies that ... | null | 1NC | 2 | 1,165 | 374 | 100,550 | ./documents/ndtceda18/Kansas/AlSn/Kansas-Alvarez-Snow-Neg-CEDA-Round5.docx | 605,176 | N | CEDA | 5 | Florida CK | Anthony Joseph | 1AC agamben
1NC fw nato cp esr cp aff conditionality bad
2NR nato cp case | ndtceda18/Kansas/AlSn/Kansas-Alvarez-Snow-Neg-CEDA-Round5.docx | null | 51,417 | AlSn | Kansas AlSn | null | Br..... | Al..... | Ry..... | Sn..... | 19,193 | Kansas | Kansas | null | null | 1,008 | ndtceda18 | NDT/CEDA 2018-19 | 2,018 | cx | college | 2 |
4,489,386 | 5---No cyber impact---every scenario is empirically denied | Lewis 18 | James Andrew Lewis 18, senior vice president at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, January 2018, “Rethinking Cybersecurity: Strategy, Mass Effect, and States,” https://espas.secure.europarl.europa.eu/orbis/sites/default/files/generated/document/en/180108_Lewis_Reco... | The most dangerous and damaging attacks required resources and engineering knowledge that are beyond the capabilities of nonstate actors and those who possess such capabilities consider their use in the context of some larger strategy to achieve national goals Precision and predictability suggest that the risk of colla... | risk of collateral damage is small
actions that caused physical damage can be counted on one hand
there are no examples of a country seeking to harm the economy of an opponent Terrorists do not seek economic damage
Chinese officials seem more concerned about China's growth than the American economy
Russians want confus... | The most dangerous and damaging attacks required resources and engineering knowledge that are beyond the capabilities of nonstate actors, and those who possess such capabilities consider their use in the context of some larger strategy to achieve national goals. Precision and predictability—always desirable in offensiv... | 7,848 | <h4>5---No cyber impact---every scenario is empirically denied </h4><p>James Andrew <strong>Lewis 18</strong>, senior vice president at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, January 2018, “Rethinking Cybersecurity: Strategy, Mass Effect, and States,” https://espas.sec... | 1NC | Liability | 1NC---K | 6,900 | 335 | 147,201 | ./documents/ndtceda22/Northwestern/AvLe/Northwestern-AvLe-Neg-4---Georgetown-College-Tournament-Round-2.docx | 958,031 | N | 4---Georgetown College Tournament | 2 | Kansas SP | Quinn | 1AC---AI Crimes
1NC---Automation DA, Abolition CP, Nearest Person CP, Cap K, Counterforce Turn
2NR---Counterforce Turn | ndtceda22/Northwestern/AvLe/Northwestern-AvLe-Neg-4---Georgetown-College-Tournament-Round-2.docx | 2023-01-05 17:44:55 | 81,492 | AvLe | Northwestern AvLe | Nicole---nicoleavvery@gmail.com (she/her)
Michael---michaellee32164@gmail.com (he/him) | Ni..... | Av..... | Mi..... | Le..... | 26,688 | Northwestern | Northwestern | null | null | 2,001 | ndtceda22 | NDT/CEDA College 2022-23 | 2,022 | cx | college | 2 |
3,236,389 | Risk is magnitude times probability—balances their framing with ours—BUT, probability first falls prey to psychological biases and leads to mass death. | Clarke 8 | Clarke 8 [Lee, member of a National Academy of Science committee that considered decision-making models, Anschutz Distinguished Scholar at Princeton University, Fellow of AAAS, Professor Sociology (Rutgers), Ph.D. (SUNY), “Possibilistic Thinking: A New Conceptual Tool for Thinking about Extreme Events,” Fall, Social Re... | work on disaster is seen as narrow for disasters are unusual and social sciences are biased toward phenomena that are frequent. Methods textbooks caution against articles not based on probability samples The premise, itself narrow, is that the only way to be certain is to follow probabilistic sampling The irony is that... | social sciences are biased toward phenomena that are frequent. probabilistic thinking has its own biases, which lead to conceptual neglect of extreme events conceptual blinders lead to a neglect of disasters we will be poorly prepared to deal with disaster probability theory is incomplete especially when used to make j... | In scholarly work, the subfield of disasters is often seen as narrow. One reason for this is that a lot of scholarship on disasters is practically oriented, for obvious reasons, and the social sciences have a deep-seated suspicion of practical work. This is especially true in sociology. Tierney (2007b) has treated this... | 8,478 | <h4>Risk is magnitude times probability—<u>balances</u> their framing with ours—BUT, probability first falls prey to <u>psychological biases</u> and leads to <u>mass death</u><strong>.</h4><p>Clarke 8 </strong>[Lee, member of a National Academy of Science committee that considered decision-making models, Anschutz Disti... | 1NC | Framing | null | 10,107 | 380 | 104,997 | ./documents/hspolicy18/MontgomeryBellAcademy/BaHa/Montgomery%20Bell%20Academy-Barton-Habermann-Neg-Pace%20RR%20R5-Round5.docx | 697,504 | N | Pace RR R5 | 5 | Gulliver Prep BG | Brian Klarman, Kevin Bancroft | 1ac - Public Charge
1nc - t subs t integration courts cp parole cp merit cp base da ptx da polarization da
2nr - merit cp polarization da | hspolicy18/MontgomeryBellAcademy/BaHa/Montgomery%20Bell%20Academy-Barton-Habermann-Neg-Pace%20RR%20R5-Round5.docx | null | 59,319 | BaHa | Montgomery Bell Academy BaHa | null | Ad..... | Ba..... | Ju..... | Ha..... | 20,916 | MontgomeryBellAcademy | Montgomery Bell Academy | null | null | 1,017 | hspolicy18 | HS Policy 2018-19 | 2,018 | cx | hs | 2 |
3,662,241 | Economic downturns don’t cause conflict | Clary 15 | Clary 15 (Ph.D. in Political Science from MIT, Postdoctoral Fellow, Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University, “Economic Stress and International Cooperation: Evidence from International Rivalries,” April 22, 2015, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2597712) | Do economic downturns generate pressure for diversionary conflict? This paper provides new evidence that economic stress is associated with conciliatory policies between strategic rivals. Drawing on data from 109 distinct rival dyads since 1950, 67 of which terminated, the evidence suggests rivalries were approximately... | Do economic downturns generate conflict? economic stress is associated with conciliatory policies Drawing on data from 109 distinct rival dyads 67 of which terminated, evidence suggests rivalries were twice as likely to terminate during downturns controlling for all main alternative explanations for peaceful relations ... | Do economic downturns generate pressure for diversionary conflict? Or might downturns encourage austerity and economizing behavior in foreign policy? This paper provides new evidence that economic stress is associated with conciliatory policies between strategic rivals. For states that view each other as military threa... | 1,186 | <h4>Economic downturns don’t cause conflict</h4><p><strong>Clary 15</strong> (Ph.D. in Political Science from MIT, Postdoctoral Fellow, Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University, “Economic Stress and International Cooperation: Evidence from International Rivalries,” April 22, 2015, http://papers.ssrn... | 1AR | Econ DA | AT: Econ | 983 | 2,566 | 122,532 | ./documents/ndtceda16/Georgia/RaAg/Georgia-Ramanan-Agrawal-Aff-ENDI-T-Round5.docx | 588,466 | A | ENDI-T | 5 | Gonzaga JS | Kimball, Min, Susko | Aff
Trucks
Advantages
NOx
Technology
1NC
T Cap
DA Econ
DA Oil
DA LNG
CP International
CP States
2NR
DA Econ | ndtceda16/Georgia/RaAg/Georgia-Ramanan-Agrawal-Aff-ENDI-T-Round5.docx | null | 50,257 | RaAg | Georgia RaAg | null | Ad..... | Ra..... | Sw..... | Ag..... | 19,028 | Georgia | Georgia | null | null | 1,006 | ndtceda16 | NDT/CEDA 2016-17 | 2,016 | cx | college | 2 |
2,804,678 | Justifying something is empirically not the same as causing it --- any alternative fails. | Goddard & Krebs 15 | Goddard & Krebs 15 Stacie E. Goddard & Ronald R. Krebs 15, Goddard, Jane Bishop Associate Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College; Krebs, Beverly and Richard Fink Professor in the Liberal Arts and Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota, “Securitization Forum: The Transatlant... | there are (good) substantive and sociological reasons that securitization has failed to gain traction in North America most important, securitization describes a process but leaves us well short of (a) a fully specified causal theory that (b) takes proper account of the politics of rhetorical contestation They conceive... | securitization has failed to gain traction causal mechanisms remain obscure, as do conditions speech acts seem magical incantations that upend normal politics some resonate others [are ignored Both neocons and realists have long insisted conflict with China is inevitable, yet over 25 years been more opportunity than th... | Securitization theory has rightly garnered much attention among European scholars of international relations. Its basic claims are powerful: that security threats are not given, but require active construction; that the boundaries of “security” are malleable; that the declaration that a certain problem lies within the ... | 9,308 | <h4>Justifying something is empirically not the same as causing it --- any alternative fails.</h4><p><strong>Goddard & Krebs 15 </strong>Stacie E. Goddard & Ronald R. Krebs 15, Goddard, Jane Bishop Associate Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College; Krebs, Beverly and Richard Fink Professor in the Liberal Ar... | Strath Haven DL – Mamaroneck – Octas | 1AC v3 | 1AC – Framing | 1,611 | 488 | 88,895 | ./documents/hspolicy19/StrathHaven/DiLu/Strath%20Haven-Ding-Lu-Aff-Mamaroneck-Octas.docx | 721,072 | A | Mamaroneck | Octas | Georgetown Day School BL | Ng, Orfanos, McKinney | 1AC - Japan F-35s Missiles Framing
1NC - T-Subs 27 Alliance DA 2020 DA Security K Active Denial CP
BLOK - T Alliance DA Active Denial CP
2NR - Alliance DA | hspolicy19/StrathHaven/DiLu/Strath%20Haven-Ding-Lu-Aff-Mamaroneck-Octas.docx | null | 61,565 | DiLu | Strath Haven DiLu | null | Ja..... | Di..... | Mi..... | Lu..... | 21,440 | StrathHaven | Strath Haven | PA | null | 1,018 | hspolicy19 | HS Policy 2019-20 | 2,019 | cx | hs | 2 |
2,556,332 | They can’t get offense---we don’t have the power to impose a norm, only to persuade you that their argumentative practices should be rejected---every debate requires a winner and loser by nature, so voting negative doesn’t reject them from debate, it just says they should make a better argument next time | Anderson 6 – | Anderson 6 – Amanda Anderson, Andrew W. Mellon Professor of Humanities and English at Brown University, Spring 2006, “Reply to My Critic(s),” Criticism, Vol. 48, No. 2, p. 281-290 | How could promoting argument and debate, and promoting reason-giving practices as a common ground that should prevail over assertions of cultural authenticity somehow come to be seen as a dangerous resurgence of bad Enlightenment? Robbins tells us I want "argument on my own terms"- I want to impose reason on people whi... | Arguments stand whether they are persuasive, even an argument in favor of argument. It is not the case that an argument in favor of reasoned debate is tantamount to oppressive power "I am not imagining that your argument is oppressive, but that what you argue for would be, if it were enforced." Yet my book doesn't imag... | Lets first examine the claim that my book is "unwittingly" inviting a resurrection of the "Enlightenment-equals-totalitarianism position." How, one wonders, could a book promoting argument and debate, and promoting reason-giving practices as a kind of common ground that should prevail over assertions of cultural authen... | 10,048 | <h4>They can’t get offense---we don’t have the power to impose a norm, only to persuade you that their argumentative practices should be rejected---every debate requires a winner and loser by nature, so voting negative doesn’t reject them from debate, it just says they should make a better argument next time</h4><p><st... | 1NC | null | 1NC | 14,619 | 734 | 82,314 | ./documents/ndtceda19/MichiganState/ScPe/Michigan%20State-Scullion-Pepper-Neg-Harvard-Round8.docx | 613,696 | N | Harvard | 8 | Wake BC | Midha | 1AC - afropocene
1NC - frames t case
2NR - t case | ndtceda19/MichiganState/ScPe/Michigan%20State-Scullion-Pepper-Neg-Harvard-Round8.docx | null | 51,952 | ScPe | Michigan State ScPe | null | Ja..... | Sc..... | La..... | Pe..... | 19,271 | MichiganState | Michigan State | null | null | 1,009 | ndtceda19 | NDT/CEDA 2019-20 | 2,019 | cx | college | 2 |
4,197,712 | Bargaining creates federal follow-on and revives uncooperative federalism. | Lieb ’13 | Lieb ’13 [David; 6/21/13; Government and Political Reporter at the Associated Press, citing Constitutional Law Professor Adam Winkler at the University of California at Los Angeles; “Federal nullification efforts give local, federal police conflicting orders”; https://www.policeone.com/federal-law-enforcement/articles/... | Imagine the scenario: A federal agent attempts to arrest someone Instead, the federal agent is arrested — charged in a state court with the crime of enforcing federal laws
States are increasingly adopting laws that purport to nullify federal laws — setting up intentional legal conflicts and even threatening criminal ch... | States nullify fed laws setting up intentional conflicts threatening charges for fed who do their jobs
marijuana
Real ID
health care
firearms regulations
states created this federal monster it's time to get a leash
The Court ruled police could not be compelled to carry out federal law states take that further by assert... | JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. — Imagine the scenario: A federal agent attempts to arrest someone for illegally selling a machine gun. Instead, the federal agent is arrested — charged in a state court with the crime of enforcing federal gun laws.
Farfetched? Not as much as you might think.
The scenario would become conceivable if... | 6,085 | <h4>Bargaining creates <u>federal follow-on</u> and revives <u>uncooperative federalism</u><strong>.</h4><p>Lieb ’13 </strong>[David; 6/21/13; Government and Political Reporter at the Associated Press, citing Constitutional Law Professor Adam Winkler at the University of California at Los Angeles; “Federal nullificatio... | 1NC | CP – SPP | null | 50,980 | 221 | 144,217 | ./documents/hspolicy22/Lowell/ChLi/Lowell-ChLi-Neg-TOC-Digital-Speech-and-Debate-Series-1-Round-4.docx | 955,399 | N | TOC Digital Speech and Debate Series 1 | 4 | Coppell PC | Arvind Shankar | 1AC - Missile Defense v1
1NC - T-Subsets, Race IR K, EU-NATO CP, Bilat/Cease CP, Ukraine Aid DA, SPP CP
2NC - T-Subsets, EU-NATO CP
1NR - Bilat/Cease CP, Ukraine Aid DA
2NR - EU-NATO CP | hspolicy22/Lowell/ChLi/Lowell-ChLi-Neg-TOC-Digital-Speech-and-Debate-Series-1-Round-4.docx | 2022-12-15 20:14:36 | 80,123 | ChLi | Lowell ChLi | 2A - Dora Chen (she/her)
2N - Jenny Liu (she/they)
lowelldebatedocs@gmail.com | Do..... | Ch..... | Je..... | Li..... | 26,564 | Lowell | Lowell | CA | null | 2,002 | hspolicy22 | HS Policy 2022-23 | 2,022 | cx | hs | 2 |
1,820,013 | No risk of nuclear terrorism---too many obstacles | Mearsheimer 14 | John J. Mearsheimer 14, R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, “America Unhinged”, January 2, nationalinterest.org/article/america-unhinged-9639?page=show | Am I overlooking terrorism? No Sure, the U S has a terrorism problem. But it is a minor threat September 11 did not cripple the U S in any meaningful way and another attack of that magnitude is highly unlikely there has not been a single instance over the past twelve years of a terrorist organization exploding a bomb o... | he U S terrorism problem is a minor threat another attack is highly unlikely there has not been a single instance over the past twelve years the possibility that a terrorist might obtain a nuclear weapon are nil. No state is going to supply because it would have no control turmoil could allow terrorists to grab a loose... | Am I overlooking the obvious threat that strikes fear into the hearts of so many Americans, which is terrorism? Not at all. Sure, the United States has a terrorism problem. But it is a minor threat. There is no question we fell victim to a spectacular attack on September 11, but it did not cripple the United States in ... | 2,041 | <h4><strong>No risk of nuclear terrorism---too many obstacles</h4><p></strong>John J. <strong>Mearsheimer 14</strong>, R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, “America Unhinged”, January 2, nationalinterest.org/article/america-unhinged-9639?page=show</p><p>... | South Korea Aff 1.0 | Assurance DA | Nuc Terror | 21,456 | 411 | 53,429 | ./documents/ndtceda20/Wyoming/MiRa/Wyoming-Mitchell-Radcliffe-Aff-Fullertown-Round6.docx | 622,674 | A | Fullertown | 6 | Michigan PS | Lauren Pepper | 1AC - South Korea
1NC- Soko Prolif - Appeasement - Adv cp - T - Treaties | ndtceda20/Wyoming/MiRa/Wyoming-Mitchell-Radcliffe-Aff-Fullertown-Round6.docx | null | 52,566 | MiRa | Wyoming MiRa | null | Jo..... | Mi..... | Ki..... | Ra..... | 19,364 | Wyoming | Wyoming | null | null | 1,010 | ndtceda20 | NDT/CEDA 2020-21 | 2,020 | cx | college | 2 |
2,438,091 | Life is a prerequisite to value – stop death because it ontologically destroys a subject | Paterson, 03 ) | Paterson, 03 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com) | death in itself is an evil to us because it ontologically destroys the current existent subject The evil of death is truly an ontological evil borne by the person who already exists, independently of calculations about better or worse possible lives Death is an evil because of the change in kind it brings about, a chan... | death is evil because it ontologically destroys the subject independent of calculations about better or worse lives Death is evil because it brings about, a change that is destructive of the entity that we are rejection of life cannot be warranted since it is an expression of an ultimate disvalue we should not seek to ... | Contrary to those accounts, I would argue that it is death per se that is really the objective evil for us, not because it deprives us of a prospective future of overall good judged better than the alter- native of non-being. It cannot be about harm to a former person who has ceased to exist, for no person actually suf... | 2,171 | <h4>Life is a prerequisite to value – stop death because it ontologically destroys a subject</h4><p><strong>Paterson, 03</strong> – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com<u><strong>)</p><p></u></strong>Contrary t... | 2AC | K | Asteroids | 32,578 | 1,478 | 79,540 | ./documents/ndtceda19/CalBerkeley/BeWi/Cal%20Berkeley-Bellavita-Wimsatt-Aff-Indiana-Round3.docx | 610,075 | A | Indiana | 3 | Michigan HL | Morris | 1AC - Asteroid Discourse
1NC - Wilderson
2NR - Wilderson | ndtceda19/CalBerkeley/BeWi/Cal%20Berkeley-Bellavita-Wimsatt-Aff-Indiana-Round3.docx | null | 51,722 | BeWi | Cal Berkeley BeWi | null | Ju..... | Be..... | Ka..... | Wi..... | 19,242 | CalBerkeley | Cal Berkeley | null | null | 1,009 | ndtceda19 | NDT/CEDA 2019-20 | 2,019 | cx | college | 2 |
3,268,996 | That negates – banning military aid inhibits the sale of military equipment to authoritarian regimes. That’s a form of restricting the free economic choices of individuals i.e. to set and pursue the end of exchanging goods. | Richman ‘12 | Richman ‘12, Sheldon. “The free market doesn’t need government regulation.” Reason, August 5, 2012. // AHS RG | market forces are the result of human action. Individuals select ends and act to achieve them by adopting suitable means. individuals economize in order to accomplish more rather than less. The result of this features of human action is what we call market forces. But really, it is just men and women acting rationally ... | market forces are the result of human action. Individuals select ends and act to achieve them by adopting suitable means. individuals economize to accomplish more market forces is just acting rationally in the world. | Order grows from market forces. But where do market forces come from? They are the result of human action. Individuals select ends and act to achieve them by adopting suitable means. Since means are scarce and ends are abundant, individuals economize in order to accomplish more rather than less. And they always seek to... | 729 | <h4>That negates – banning military aid inhibits the sale of military equipment to authoritarian regimes. That’s a form of restricting the free economic choices of individuals i.e. to set and pursue the end of exchanging goods.</h4><p><u><strong>Richman ‘12</u></strong>, Sheldon. “The free market doesn’t need governmen... | NC | 2nd Off—K | null | 327,472 | 278 | 107,092 | ./documents/hsld18/AmericanHeritagePlantation/Gi/American%20Heritage%20Plantation-Gillespie-Neg-Emory-Round5.docx | 816,171 | N | Emory | 5 | Evanston HE | Jack Ave | AC - Imperialism
NC - T - Kant K - AC
1AR - AC - T - K
2NR - T - K - AC
2AR - AC - T | hsld18/AmericanHeritagePlantation/Gi/American%20Heritage%20Plantation-Gillespie-Neg-Emory-Round5.docx | null | 69,884 | RoGi | American Heritage Plantation RoGi | null | Ro..... | Gi..... | null | null | 23,642 | AmericanHeritagePlantation | American Heritage Plantation | null | null | 1,026 | hsld18 | HS LD 2018-19 | 2,018 | ld | hs | 1 |
1,523,418 | Nuclear war causes extinction. | Starr ’17 | Starr ’17 (Steven; director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program, senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, expert in the environmental consequences of nuclear war; 1/9/17; “Turning a Blind Eye Towards Armageddon — ... | The detonation of an atomic bomb will instantly ignite fires over three to five miles. In recent studies scientists calculated that the blast, fire, and radiation from a war with 100 atomic bombs could produce direct fatalities comparable to World War II, or to those estimated for a “counterforce” nuclear war the long-... | nuclear war could result in global famine a smoke layer would remain for a decade ozone losses of 50 percent food production would decrease 40 percent war ignite immense firestorms smoke would block 70 percent of sunlight temperatures fall below freezing which would doom the human population. | The detonation of an atomic bomb with this explosive power will instantly ignite fires over a surface area of three to five square miles. In the recent studies, the scientists calculated that the blast, fire, and radiation from a war fought with 100 atomic bombs could produce direct fatalities comparable to all of thos... | 5,902 | <h4>Nuclear war causes extinction. </h4><p><strong>Starr ’17</strong> (Steven; director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program, senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, expert in the environmental consequences of nuc... | 1AC | null | Advantage 1 – Space War | 11,696 | 1,360 | 43,350 | ./documents/hsld21/Princeton/Ba/Princeton-Bao-Aff-47th%20University%20of%20Pennsylvania%20Tournament-Round4.docx | 896,996 | A | 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | 4 | Solebury LM | Phoenix Pittman | 1AC Whole Res Ban
1NC T-Mining Nozick NC Mining DA Reg CP Case
1AR All
2NR NC DA Case
2AR Must Not Kick Uncondo CPs NC | hsld21/Princeton/Ba/Princeton-Bao-Aff-47th%20University%20of%20Pennsylvania%20Tournament-Round4.docx | null | 75,255 | ChBa | Princeton ChBa | null | Ch..... | Ba..... | null | null | 25,135 | Princeton | Princeton | NJ | null | 1,029 | hsld21 | HS LD 2021-22 | 2,021 | ld | hs | 1 |
1,485,114 | Warming causes extinction. | McKibben 19 Human Extinction | Bill McKibben 19, Schumann Distinguished Scholar at Middlebury College; fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; holds honorary degrees from 18 colleges and universities; Foreign Policy named him to their inaugural list of the world’s 100 most important global thinkers. "This Is How Human Extinction Could P... | it could get very bad a study in the Journal of Mathematical Biology pointed out that if the world’s oceans kept warming, by 2100 they might become hot enough to “stop oxygen production by phyto-plankton by disrupting the process of photosynthesis.” Given that two-thirds of the Earth’s oxygen comes from phytoplankton, ... | oceans kept warming stop oxygen production disrupting two-thirds of oxygen mass mortality of humans permafrost preserve microbes and viruses fragments of Spanish flu smallpox plague ice sheets melt trigger earthquakes increase volcanic activity wiping all signs of life wheat productivity flatlined Corn is vulnerable th... | Oh, it could get very bad. In 2015, a study in the Journal of Mathematical Biology pointed out that if the world’s oceans kept warming, by 2100 they might become hot enough to “stop oxygen production by phyto-plankton by disrupting the process of photosynthesis.” Given that two-thirds of the Earth’s oxygen comes from p... | 11,083 | <h4>Warming causes extinction.</h4><p>Bill <strong>McKibben 19</strong>, Schumann Distinguished Scholar at Middlebury College; fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; holds honorary degrees from 18 colleges and universities; Foreign Policy named him to their inaugural list of the world’s 100 most important... | null | null | 3 | 7,201 | 431 | 41,601 | ./documents/hsld21/Marlborough/Le/Marlborough-Lerner-Neg-Harvard%20Westlake-Round6.docx | 892,943 | N | Harvard Westlake | 6 | Immaculate Heart MF | Alexandra Mork | AC-China
NC-Legal Trust CP CCP DA China Asteroid Mining DA
1ar-all
Nr-CCP DA Legal Trust CP
2ar-CCP DA Legal Trust CP asteroid mining DA case | hsld21/Marlborough/Le/Marlborough-Lerner-Neg-Harvard%20Westlake-Round6.docx | null | 74,994 | MaLe | Marlborough MaLe | null | Ma..... | Le..... | null | null | 25,068 | Marlborough | Marlborough | CA | null | 1,029 | hsld21 | HS LD 2021-22 | 2,021 | ld | hs | 1 |
3,110,060 | No impact to reps and the aff doesn’t solve threat construction --- it’s a process | Ghughunishvili 10 | Irina Ghughunishvili 10, “Securitization of Migration in the United States after 9/11: Constructing Muslims and Arabs as Enemies”, Submitted to Central European University Department of International Relations European Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Profe... | As provided by the Copenhagen School securitization theory is comprised by speech act The causality or a one-way relationship between the speech act, the audience and securitizing actor, where politicians use the speech act first to justify exceptional measures, has been criticized To fully grasp the dynamics, it will ... | The causality between the speech act and securitizing actor has been criticized process of threat construction can be clearer a single speech does not create discourse, but it is created through a long process a single speech will not securitize an issue | As provided by the Copenhagen School securitization theory is comprised by speech act, acceptance of the audience and facilitating conditions or other non-securitizing actors contribute to a successful securitization. The causality or a one-way relationship between the speech act, the audience and securitizing actor, w... | 2,119 | <h4>No impact to reps and the aff doesn’t solve threat construction --- it’s a <u>process</u> </h4><p>Irina <strong>Ghughunishvili 10</strong>, “Securitization of Migration in the United States after 9/11: Constructing Muslims and Arabs as Enemies”, Submitted to Central European University Department of International R... | 2AC | K | 1AC—Crisis | 12,120 | 225 | 101,329 | ./documents/ndtceda18/Michigan/McWo/Michigan-McGraw-Wolfson-Aff-Indiana-Round3.docx | 606,141 | A | Indiana | 3 | Iowa BH | Peculis | 1AC - NFU Crisis Stability
2NR - Liberal Order K | ndtceda18/Michigan/McWo/Michigan-McGraw-Wolfson-Aff-Indiana-Round3.docx | null | 51,452 | McWo | Michigan McWo | null | Cl..... | Mc..... | Ha..... | Wo..... | 19,200 | Michigan | Michigan | null | null | 1,008 | ndtceda18 | NDT/CEDA 2018-19 | 2,018 | cx | college | 2 |
1,686,640 | Collapse of unipolarity causes extinction via transition wars. The structure of the international system explains conflict. | Beckley 18 | Michael Beckley 18. Professor of political science at Tufts. Unrivaled: Why America Will Remain the World’s Sole Superpower. Cornell University Press. | The story of world politics is often a game of thrones in which a rotating cast of great powers battles for top-dog status there have been sixteen cases in the past five hundred years when a rising power challenged a ruling power Twelve of these cases ended in carnage the basic pattern is clear: hegemonic rivalry has sp... | world politics is a game of thrones sixteen cases when a rising power challenged Twelve ended in carnage the pattern is clear hegemonic rivalry sparked a catastrophic war
unipolarity put this on hold wars still occur but none have the global scope or generational length of a hegemonic rivalry
proxy wars killed millions... | The story of world politics is often told as a game of thrones in which a rotating cast of great powers battles for top-dog status. According to researchers led by Graham Allison at Harvard, there have been sixteen cases in the past five hundred years when a rising power challenged a ruling power. 3 Twelve of these case... | 3,780 | <h4>Collapse of unipolarity causes <u>extinction</u> via <u>transition wars</u>. The <u>structure</u> of the international system explains conflict.</h4><p>Michael <strong>Beckley 18</strong>. Professor of political science at Tufts. Unrivaled: Why America Will Remain the World’s Sole Superpower. Cornell University Pre... | 1AC --- Philippines --- JCCC | 1AC --- Philippines --- Mutuality | 1AC --- Adv --- Hegemony | 3,098 | 321 | 50,233 | ./documents/ndtceda20/JCCC/BaBa/JCCC-Babcock-Babcock-Aff-NDT-Round1.docx | 618,607 | A | NDT | 1 | Pittsburgh MO | Monteith, Yahom, Smith | 1ac- mutuality
1nc- k
2nr- k | ndtceda20/JCCC/BaBa/JCCC-Babcock-Babcock-Aff-NDT-Round1.docx | null | 52,317 | BaBa | JCCC BaBa | null | Tr..... | Ba..... | Th..... | Ba..... | 19,327 | JCCC | JCCC | null | null | 1,010 | ndtceda20 | NDT/CEDA 2020-21 | 2,020 | cx | college | 2 |
4,660,709 | ASEAN centrality key spill-over to broader multilateralism – NOW is key. | Dermawan 20 | Dermawan 20 Rifki Dermawan 4-17-2020 "At a Time of Crisis, ASEAN Centrality Really Matters" https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/at-a-time-of-crisis-asean-centrality-really-matters/ (a lecturer in international relations at Andalas University, Indonesia. He obtained his master’s degree in international relations at Bristol ... | Nearly every country in the world has been affected by the virus and the Southeast Asian region is no exception ASEAN as a regional organization should play a central role in confronting the outbreak ASEAN centrality ” is frequently used in various narratives related to the group ASEAN centrality is urgently needed dur... | ASEAN as a regional organization play central role in confronting the outbreak ASEAN centrality is urgently needed solid starting points for further collaboration information crucial Governments need to be well-informed Exchanging data is needed ASEAN playing a central role learn from each other’s domestic measures Col... | The world is facing a global health crisis, with COVID-19 confirmed cases reaching more than 2.1 million as of April 17, with more than 147,000 deaths around the globe. Nearly every country in the world has been affected by the virus and the Southeast Asian region is no exception. All ASEAN members have reported cases ... | 5,243 | <h4>ASEAN centrality key spill-over to broader <u>multilateralism</u> – NOW is key. </h4><p><strong>Dermawan 20</strong> Rifki Dermawan 4-17-2020 "At a Time of Crisis, ASEAN Centrality Really Matters" https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/at-a-time-of-crisis-asean-centrality-really-matters/ (a lecturer in international relat... | 1AC | null | 1AC – Advantage | 793,482 | 264 | 161,684 | ./documents/hsld22/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley/ShKa/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley-ShKa-Aff-California-Invitational-Berkeley-Debate-Round-6.docx | 982,926 | A | California Invitational Berkeley Debate | 6 | Marlborough MS | Lily Broussard | 1AC - Pragmatic ASEAN v8
1NC - T-Nebel, Cap K, Border Abolition CP, Case
1AR - All, Define Spikes, Norm Setting vs In-Round Abuse, PICs Bad, Vague Alts Bad, Crazy K
2NR - All, Tricks IVI
2AR - Case, Tricks IVI | hsld22/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley/ShKa/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley-ShKa-Aff-California-Invitational-Berkeley-Debate-Round-6.docx | 2023-02-24 21:25:53 | 80,576 | ShKa | BASIS Independent School Silicon Valley ShKa | Hi, I'm Shreyas (Kaps)
Email: thegr8sa@gmail.com
Phone: (408) -361-0878
Facebook: Shreyas Kaps | Sh..... | Ka..... | null | null | 26,911 | BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley | BASIS Independent School Silicon Valley | CA | 110,038 | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
3,596,268 | It’s most predictable – the text of the resolution calls for debate on hypothetical government action | Ericson 3 | Ericson 3 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4) | In policy propositions, each topic contains certain key elements, An agent doing the acting in “The United States should the agent is the subject of the sentence The verb should—the first part of a verb phrase that urges action. though governmental means The entire debate is about whether something ought to occur | each topic contains certain key elements An agent doing the acting in “The United States should the agent is the subject of the sentence The verb should urges action though governmental means The entire debate is about whether something ought to occur | The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains certain key elements, although they have slightly different functions from comparable elements of value-oriented propositions. 1. An agent doing the acting ---“The United States” in “The United States should adopt a policy of fr... | 1,287 | <h4>It’s most predictable – the text of the resolution calls for debate on hypothetical government action</h4><p><strong>Ericson 3</strong> (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)</p><p>The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future ... | 1nc | t | 1nc - t | 1,149 | 3,809 | 119,115 | ./documents/hspolicy17/KentDenver/HaMa/Kent%20Denver-Halverson-Mandava-Neg-ASU-Octas.docx | 689,508 | N | ASU | Octas | McQueen RR | Panel | 1ac - milliken
1nc - t no courts antiblackness k
2nr - t | hspolicy17/KentDenver/HaMa/Kent%20Denver-Halverson-Mandava-Neg-ASU-Octas.docx | null | 58,551 | HaMa | Kent Denver HaMa | null | Wi..... | Ha..... | Ke..... | Ma..... | 20,733 | KentDenver | Kent Denver | null | null | 1,016 | hspolicy17 | HS Policy 2017-18 | 2,017 | cx | hs | 2 |
1,300,207 | That goes nuclear – the domain is fragile and offense dominant, so even small incidents escalate | Grego 18 | Laura Grego 18, Senior Scientist in the Global Security Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, Postdoctoral Researcher at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, PhD in Experimental Physics at the California Institute of Technology, Space and Crisis Stability, Union of Concerned Scientists, 3-19-18, htt... | space is a particular problem for crisis stability
Satellites are inherently fragile and difficult to protect space is an “offense-dominant” regime This can lead pressures to strike first that don‘t exist for other, better-protected domains
an actor with substantial dependence on space has an incentive to strike first ... | space is “offense-dominant” This can lead pressures to strike first that don‘t exist for other domains
Even if all sides prefer not to engage in war
any actor for which space weapons are an important part of its military posture will feel “use it or lose it” pressure
compressed timelines couples with difficulty of dete... | Why space is a particular problem for crisis stability
For a number of reasons, space poses particular challenges in preventing a crisis from starting or from being managed well. Some of these are to do with the physical nature of space, such as the short timelines and difficulty of attribution inherent in space operat... | 11,762 | <h4>That goes nuclear – the domain is <u>fragile</u> and <u>offense dominant</u>, so even <u>small incidents</u> escalate </h4><p>Laura <strong>Grego 18</strong>, Senior Scientist in the Global Security Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, Postdoctoral Researcher at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophys... | null | 1AC | Mining---1AC | 4,637 | 773 | 32,994 | ./documents/hsld21/Harker/Yi/Harker-Yim-Aff-PalmClassic-Round3.docx | 887,584 | A | PalmClassic | 3 | Immaculate Heart BC | Colter Heirigs | 1AC mining - multilat
1NC T appropriations - water DA - traffic CP - JCPOA DA - case
1AR everything
2NR JCPOA DA case
2AR multilat JCPOA DA | hsld21/Harker/Yi/Harker-Yim-Aff-PalmClassic-Round3.docx | null | 74,708 | SaYi | Harker SaYi | null | Sa..... | Yi..... | null | null | 25,008 | Harker | Harker | CA | null | 1,029 | hsld21 | HS LD 2021-22 | 2,021 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,360,727 | LAWs are super vulnerable to cyberattacks – it’s impossible to protect against multiple threats | UNIDIR 17 | UNIDIR 17 United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (autonomous institution within the United Nations that conducts independent research on disarmament and related problems; particularly international security issues. Our specialized focus on disarmament and arms control sets us apart from other think tanks. Ou... | The Chairman’s Food-for-Thought paper, prepared for the 2017 GGE on LAWS, asked whether “autonomous machines [can] be made foolproof against hacking”.35 The answer from industry experts appears to be a clear no.36 A software vulnerability may be replicated throughout all weapons of the same class While this vulnerabili... | whether “autonomous machines [can] be made foolproof against hacking no Much innovation in autonomous tech is from the private sector There are risks integrating civilian tech where military security has not been designed in Were a w s in a communications denied environment how would operators know the system had not b... | The Chairman’s Food-for-Thought paper, prepared for the 2017 GGE on LAWS, asked whether “autonomous machines [can] be made foolproof against hacking”.35 The answer from industry experts appears to be a clear no.36 While weapon systems can and must be hardened, it is unlikely that there can ever be a system that is comp... | 9,136 | <h4>LAWs are super vulnerable to cyberattacks – it’s impossible to protect against multiple threats</h4><p><strong>UNIDIR 17</strong> United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (autonomous institution within the United Nations that conducts independent research on disarmament and related problems; particularly i... | null | null | Advantage | 355,998 | 280 | 75,153 | ./documents/hsld20/StrakeJesuit/At/Strake%20Jesuit-Atkins-Aff-University%20of%20Houston-Round5.docx | 874,630 | A | University of Houston | 5 | Princeton Independent TK | Heaven Montague | 1AC - stock
1NC - terror da miscalc da nuclear cp predator pic case
1AR - case terror da miscalc da nuclear cp predator pic ableist discourse k
2NR - nuclear cp miscalc da case
2AR - reps k case | hsld20/StrakeJesuit/At/Strake%20Jesuit-Atkins-Aff-University%20of%20Houston-Round5.docx | null | 73,801 | AiAt | Strake Jesuit AiAt | null | Ai..... | At..... | null | null | 24,736 | StrakeJesuit | Strake Jesuit | TX | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
1,728,465 | Nuclear terrorism causes extinction | Beres ’19 | Beres ’19 [Louis; July 9; Associate Professor of Political Science at Purdue University, Ph.D. who has lectured and published extensively on the subject of nuclear terrorism; Routledge, “Terrorism And Global Security: The Nuclear Threat--Second Edition, Completely Revised And Updated,” no. 2] | Nuc terror could spark full-scale nuclear war between states. Such war could involve the entire spectrum of nuclear conflict the most likely way would involve a terrorist nuclear assault against a state by terrorists "hosted" in another state
In response to public mood, the government initiates strikes against terroris... | Nuc terror spark full-scale nuclear war terrorists "hosted" in a state
In response to public mood, the government strikes terrorist strongholds the region is ablaze, conflict escalate to nuclear
the U S react a chain reaction of interstate nuclear conflict could ensue that involve every nuclear state
would entomb the e... | Nuclear terrorism could even spark full-scale nuclear war between states. Such war could involve the entire spectrum of nuclear conflict possibilities, ranging from a. nuclear attack upon a nonnuclear state to systemwide nuclear war. How might such far-reaching consequences of nuclear terrorism come about? Perhaps the ... | 10,906 | <h4>Nuclear terrorism causes extinction</h4><p><strong>Beres ’19 </strong>[Louis; July 9; Associate Professor of Political Science at Purdue University, Ph.D. who has lectured and published extensively on the subject of nuclear terrorism; Routledge, “Terrorism And Global Security: The Nuclear Threat--Second Edition, Co... | CEDA R5 Disclosure | 1AC | Adv 2 -- NPT | 10,860 | 409 | 51,264 | ./documents/ndtceda20/Michigan/SkDo/Michigan-Skoulikaris-Dombcik-Aff-CEDA-Round5.docx | 619,849 | A | CEDA | 5 | UT DallasColumbia WD | Thomas, Michelle | 1AC - Ban Treaty
1NC - T subs T omnibus NPT K Congressional Breach CP Con Con CP Ptx DA Prolif Good on Case
2NR - T subs | ndtceda20/Michigan/SkDo/Michigan-Skoulikaris-Dombcik-Aff-CEDA-Round5.docx | null | 52,382 | SkDo | Michigan SkDo | null | Ke..... | Sk..... | Be..... | Do..... | 19,334 | Michigan | Michigan | null | null | 1,010 | ndtceda20 | NDT/CEDA 2020-21 | 2,020 | cx | college | 2 |
3,150,792 | Warming is irreversible --- only capitalism solves through CCS and a bridge to renewables. | Graciela 16 | Graciela 16 – Professor of Economics and of Statistics at Columbia University and Visiting Professor at Stanford University, and was the architect of the Kyoto Protocol carbon market (9-1-2016, being interviewed by Marcus Rolle, freelance journalist specializing in environmental issues and global affairs, “Reversing Cl... | Green Capitalism requires the creation of property rights nation by nation for the use of the atmosphere, and the creation of new markets to trade these rights Green Capitalism is needed now to help avert climate change the building blocks for Green Capitalism are Global limits nation by nation New global markets to tr... | Green Capitalism is needed to avert climate change coal plant can absorb 1 million tons long-run strategies do not work economic incentives are needed fossil fuel infrastructure is 87% globally. This cannot be replaced in time to avert climate change we must remove carbon blueprint is a private/public approach, based o... | GC: Green capitalism is a new economic system that values the natural resources on which human survival depends. It fosters a harmonious relationship with our planet, its resources and the many species it harbors. It is a new type of market economics that addresses both equity and efficiency. Using carbon negative tech... | 9,891 | <h4><strong>Warming is irreversible --- only capitalism solves through CCS and a bridge to renewables.</h4><p>Graciela 16</strong> – Professor of Economics and of Statistics at Columbia University and Visiting Professor at Stanford University, and was the architect of the Kyoto Protocol carbon market (9-1-2016, being i... | Strath Haven DP – Lexington – Round 2 | 1AR | 1AR – AT: Neoliberalism K | 32,641 | 320 | 106,205 | ./documents/hspolicy18/StrathHaven/DiPa/Strath%20Haven-Ding-Pak-Aff-Lexington-Round2.docx | 702,848 | A | Lexington | 2 | New Mission GR | Wheeler | 1AC - Military Service (Heg VA Budgets)
1NC - Militarism K Neoliberalism K Terror Turn Terror DA
Block - Everything
2NR - Neoliberalism K Terror DA | hspolicy18/StrathHaven/DiPa/Strath%20Haven-Ding-Pak-Aff-Lexington-Round2.docx | null | 59,812 | DiPa | Strath Haven DiPa | null | Ja..... | Di..... | An..... | Pa..... | 21,027 | StrathHaven | Strath Haven | null | null | 1,017 | hspolicy18 | HS Policy 2018-19 | 2,018 | cx | hs | 2 |
1,769,648 | Collapse doesn’t cause war | Clary 15 | Clary 15
Christopher Clary, PhD in political science from MIT, MA in national security affairs, postdoctoral fellow, Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University, “Economic Stress and International Cooperation: Evidence from International Rivalries”, 4/25/15, http://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=7... | Do economic downturns generate pressure for diversionary conflict This paper provides new evidence that economic stress is associated with conciliatory policies between strategic rivals For states that view each other as military threats, the biggest step possible toward bilateral cooperation is to terminate the rivalr... | economic stress is associated with conciliatory policies between rivals Drawing on 109 dyads since 1950 rivalries were twice as likely to terminate during economic downturns controlling for all explanations Collectively mechanisms make it likely a leader will prefer conciliatory policies Crisis Leads to Austerity devia... | Do economic downturns generate pressure for diversionary conflict? Or might downturns encourage austerity and economizing behavior in foreign policy? This paper provides new evidence that economic stress is associated with conciliatory policies between strategic rivals. For states that view each other as military threa... | 19,157 | <h4>Collapse doesn’t cause war</h4><p><strong>Clary 15</p><p></strong>Christopher Clary, PhD in political science from MIT, MA in national security affairs, postdoctoral fellow, Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University, “Economic Stress and International Cooperation: Evidence from International Riva... | Liberty Round 2 1NC vs Pitt LR | 1NC | Kurils Adv 2 | 983 | 2,566 | 52,083 | ./documents/ndtceda20/Navy/RoLe/Navy-Rock-Lewis-Neg-Liberty-Round2.docx | 620,999 | N | Liberty | 2 | Pitt LR | Anthony Ogbuli | Aff-Senkakus
2NR-NDAA DA Case | ndtceda20/Navy/RoLe/Navy-Rock-Lewis-Neg-Liberty-Round2.docx | null | 52,439 | RoLe | Navy RoLe | null | Ka..... | Ro..... | Wi..... | Le..... | 19,338 | Navy | Navy | null | null | 1,010 | ndtceda20 | NDT/CEDA 2020-21 | 2,020 | cx | college | 2 |
2,918,362 | Capitalism causes war, violence, environmental destruction and extinction. | Robinson 18 | Robinson 18 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, “Accumulation Crisis and Global Police State” Critical Sociology) RE | Each major episode of crisis in the world capitalist system has presented the potential for systemic change. Each has involved the breakdown of state legitimacy, escalating class and social struggles our very survival now requires a revolution against global capitalism ( First, the system is fast reaching the ecologi... | our very survival requires revolution against capitalism the system is reaching ecological limits human conduct is altering the earth system that threatens extinction capital’s impulse to accumulate and commodifi nature. inequality is unprecedented. Trump cooptation involves the manipulation of fear and insecurity amon... | Each major episode of crisis in the world capitalist system has presented the potential for systemic change. Each has involved the breakdown of state legitimacy, escalating class and social struggles, and military conflicts, leading to a restructuring of the system, including new institutional arrangements, class relat... | 5,214 | <h4>Capitalism causes war, violence, environmental destruction and extinction.</h4><p><strong>Robinson 18</strong> (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, “Accumulation Crisis and Global Police State” Critical Sociology) RE</p><p><u>Each major e... | null | Cap K | null | 30,914 | 418 | 94,074 | ./documents/hsld19/NashuaSouth/Gu/Nashua%20South-Gu-Neg-Yale-Round4.docx | 845,164 | N | Yale | 4 | Scarsdale CC | Bob Overing | 1AC deleuze AC
1NC cap K framing
2NR cap K framing | hsld19/NashuaSouth/Gu/Nashua%20South-Gu-Neg-Yale-Round4.docx | null | 72,127 | EnGu | Nashua South EnGu | null | En..... | Gu..... | null | null | 24,236 | NashuaSouth | Nashua South | NH | null | 1,027 | hsld19 | HS LD 2019-20 | 2,019 | ld | hs | 1 |
4,501,551 | Even a limited Indo-Pak nuclear war causes extinction. | Menon 19 | Menon 19 Prakash Menon, The nuclear cloud hanging over the human race, Nov 15, 2019, [PhD from Madras University for his thesis “Limited War and Nuclear Deterrence in the Indo-Pak context”] https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/the-nuclear-cloud-hanging-over-the-human-race/cid/1719608# SM | The nuclear cloud hanging over the human race Even a limited India-Pakistan nuclear conflict could pose an existential challenge to life on Earth The smoke injected into the stratosphere due to a nuclear attack would block the sunlight and result in a ‘Nuclear Winter' - freezing temperatures that pose an existential th... | Even a limited India-Pakistan nuclear conflict pose an existential challenge to life on Earth immediate casualties number 125 million advanced computer models, confirm the effect of smoke in the stratosphere described as ‘Nuclear Winter’ temperatures would plunge below freezing point thus posing threats to human existe... | The nuclear cloud hanging over the human race Even a limited India-Pakistan nuclear conflict could pose an existential challenge to life on Earth The smoke injected into the stratosphere due to a nuclear attack would block the sunlight and result in a ‘Nuclear Winter' - freezing temperatures that pose an existential th... | 6,073 | <h4>Even a limited Indo-Pak nuclear war causes extinction.</h4><p><strong>Menon 19 </strong>Prakash Menon, The nuclear cloud hanging over the human race, Nov 15, 2019, [PhD from Madras University for his thesis “Limited War and Nuclear Deterrence in the Indo-Pak context”] https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/the-nucl... | 1AC | null | 1AC – Advantage | 337,650 | 230 | 147,689 | ./documents/hsld22/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley/ShKa/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley-ShKa-Aff-Damus-Hollywood-Invitational-Round-2.docx | 944,240 | A | Damus Hollywood Invitational | 2 | Marlborough LF | Shania Hunt | 1AC - Brahmaputra Dams
1NC - CCP Legitimacy DA, Econ DA, T-Effects, Case
1AR - All
2NR - T-Effects
2AR - Case, T-Effects | hsld22/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley/ShKa/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley-ShKa-Aff-Damus-Hollywood-Invitational-Round-2.docx | 2022-11-12 19:15:32 | 80,576 | ShKa | BASIS Independent School Silicon Valley ShKa | Hi, I'm Shreyas (Kaps)
Email: thegr8sa@gmail.com
Phone: (408) -361-0878
Facebook: Shreyas Kaps | Sh..... | Ka..... | null | null | 26,911 | BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley | BASIS Independent School Silicon Valley | CA | 110,038 | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
3,617,963 | C. The resolution demands advocacy of a federal policy | Ericson 3 | Ericson 3 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts—California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4) | each topic contains certain key elements . 1. An agent doing the acting ---“The United States” in “The United States should adopt the agent is the subject of the sentence. 2. The verb should that urges action For example, should adopt means to put a policy into action though governmental means The entire debate is abou... | each topic contains key elements 1. An agent “The United States” 2. The verb should urges action should adopt means to put a policy into action though governmental means The entire debate is about whether something ought to occur in such a debate is to offer sufficient and compelling reasons for an audience to perform... | The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains certain key elements, although they have slightly different functions from comparable elements of value-oriented propositions. 1. An agent doing the acting ---“The United States” in “The United States should adopt a policy of fr... | 1,287 | <h4>C. The resolution demands advocacy of a federal policy</h4><p><strong>Ericson 3 </strong>(Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts—California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)</p><p>The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, <u><mark>each topi... | NC | T | null | 1,149 | 3,809 | 120,098 | ./documents/hsld17/HarvardWestlake/Go/Harvard%20Westlake-Gong-Neg-USC-Round5.docx | 807,288 | N | USC | 5 | Meadows KS | Aron Berger | null | hsld17/HarvardWestlake/Go/Harvard%20Westlake-Gong-Neg-USC-Round5.docx | null | 69,182 | AnGo | Harvard Westlake AnGo | null | An..... | Go..... | null | null | 23,454 | HarvardWestlake | Harvard Westlake | null | null | 1,025 | hsld17 | HS LD 2017-18 | 2,017 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,806,823 | The United States has been the largest cause of the decline of empire internationally---any other reading interprets singular actions NOT structural system effects. | Deudney & Ikenberry 15. Deudney, Johns Hopkins University; Ikenberry, Princeton University “America’s Impact: The End of Empire and the Globalization of the Westphalian System”, August 2015, http://scholar.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/gji3/files/am-impact-dd-gji-final-1-august-2015.pdf | Daniel Deudney & John Ikenberry 15. Deudney, Johns Hopkins University; Ikenberry, Princeton University “America’s Impact: The End of Empire and the Globalization of the Westphalian System”, August 2015, http://scholar.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/gji3/files/am-impact-dd-gji-final-1-august-2015.pdf | the most important change in the international political system has been the decline of empire and simultaneous spread of the Westphalian system of sovereign states Empire has vanished from world politics the contemporary world is marked by a large number of sovereign states the U S has become the most powerful and inf... | Empire has vanished the world is marked by a large number of sovereign states contemporary views profoundly misrepresent the overall impact the U S has had on the system the U S has undermined empire the U S has been imperial But these episodes are overshadowed by American anti-imperialism world politics has pitted an ... | Over the last two and a half centuries, the most important change in the international political system has been the decline of empire, and the simultaneous spread of the Westphalian system of sovereign states, from Europe to universal global scope. Empire – the direct coercive rule of one people over another – has alm... | 5,907 | <h4>The United States has been the <u>largest cause</u> of the decline of empire internationally---any other reading interprets singular actions NOT structural system effects.</h4><p>Daniel <strong>Deudney &</strong> John <strong>Ikenberry 15<u>. Deudney, Johns Hopkins University; Ikenberry, Princeton University “Ameri... | null | 1AC—Liberal Order | 1AC—Solvency | 51,350 | 219 | 88,765 | ./documents/hspolicy19/StMarks/AbCh/St%20Marks-Abbasi-Chuang-Aff-NSDA-Round2.docx | 720,984 | A | NSDA | 2 | Hebron DR | Gabriel Sanchez | 1ACLiberal Order
1NC T Peason SetCol Charity Cannibalism | hspolicy19/StMarks/AbCh/St%20Marks-Abbasi-Chuang-Aff-NSDA-Round2.docx | null | 61,557 | AbCh | St Marks AbCh | null | Sa..... | Ab..... | Ma..... | Ch..... | 21,435 | StMarks | St Marks | TX | null | 1,018 | hspolicy19 | HS Policy 2019-20 | 2,019 | cx | hs | 2 |
2,232,496 | Unipolarity is key to check back a litany of issues—climate change, pandemics, terrorism. However, even if primacy isn’t perfect, hegemonic transitions spur regional wars and conflict. | Keck 14 | Zachary Keck 14, Assistant Editor at The Diplomat, M.A. candidate in the Department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University, “America’s Relative Decline: Should We Panic?”, 1-24, http://thediplomat.com/2014/01/americas-relative-decline-should-we-panic/ | on balance, the U.S. has been a positive force in the world, especially for a unipolar power it’s hard to imagine many other countries acting as benignly Regardless of your opinion on U.S. global leadership over the last two decades there is good reason to fear its relative decline hegemonic transition periods have his... | hegemonic transition periods have destabilizing Even parties have benign intentions, the rise of new powers necessitates revisions “rules This is impossible in any organized fashion given anarchic nature America’s power has prevented great power war, and restrained major regional powers As the unipolar era comes to a c... | Still, on balance, the U.S. has been a positive force in the world, especially for a unipolar power. Certainly, it’s hard to imagine many other countries acting as benignly if they possessed the amount of relative power America had at the end of the Cold War. Indeed, the British were not nearly as powerful as the U.S. ... | 4,908 | <h4><strong>Unipolarity is key to check back a litany of issues—climate change, pandemics, terrorism. However, even if primacy isn’t perfect, hegemonic transitions spur regional wars and conflict. </h4><p></strong>Zachary <strong>Keck 14<u></strong>, Assistant Editor at The Diplomat, M.A. candidate in the Department o... | null | null | 1AC—Advantage: Partisanship | 45,610 | 739 | 69,369 | ./documents/hsld20/Leland/Sh/Leland-Shankar-Aff-UK%20Season%20Opener-Round2.docx | 864,489 | A | UK Season Opener | 2 | Henry Clay SM | Jeff Koegler | Not able to disclose cites for some reason
1AC- US
1NC- Random votes
1AR- All
2NR- All
2AR- All | hsld20/Leland/Sh/Leland-Shankar-Aff-UK%20Season%20Opener-Round2.docx | null | 73,315 | VaSh | Leland VaSh | null | Va..... | Sh..... | null | null | 24,590 | Leland | Leland | CA | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
1,523,217 | No intent-foresight distinction for states. | Enoch 07 | Enoch 07 Enoch, D [The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew Unviersity, Mount Scopus Campus, Jersusalem]. (2007). INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE. Legal Theory, 13(02). doi:10.1017/s1352325207070048 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/legal-theory/article/intending-foreseeing-and-the-state/76B18896B94D5490ED0512D8E8DC54... | attempting to pick and choose among the foreseen consequences of one’s actions those one is more and those one is less responsible for looks more like the preparation of a defense than like a genuine attempt to determine what is to be done. Hiding behind the intending-foreseeing distinction seems like an attempt to eva... | attempting to pick and choose among foreseen consequences evade responsibility, In making policy decisions the global perspective that must be undertaken when a state formulate rules for allocation of scarce drugs it cannot hide behind the intending-foreseeing distinction When making a policy-decision, governments have... | The general difficulty of the intending-foreseeing distinction here stemmed, you will recall, from the feeling that attempting to pick and choose among the foreseen consequences of one’s actions those one is more and those one is less responsible for looks more like the preparation of a defense than like a genuine atte... | 4,028 | <h4>No <u>intent-foresight<strong> distinction for states.</h4><p></u>Enoch 07 </strong>Enoch, D [The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew Unviersity, Mount Scopus Campus, Jersusalem]. (2007). INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE. Legal Theory, 13(02). doi:10.1017/s1352325207070048 <u>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/lega... | null | null | null | 41,539 | 791 | 43,343 | ./documents/hsld21/PineView/Le/Pine%20View-Levy-Aff-Lexington-Round2.docx | 896,792 | A | Lexington | 2 | Bronx Science BC | Ria Bhandarkar | 1ac China
1nc T Nebel Karman Line Satellite Da Agamben K AC
1ar All
2nr T Nebel Agamben K AC
2ar All | hsld21/PineView/Le/Pine%20View-Levy-Aff-Lexington-Round2.docx | null | 75,242 | EdLe | Pine View EdLe | null | Ed..... | Le..... | null | null | 25,129 | PineView | Pine View | FL | null | 1,029 | hsld21 | HS LD 2021-22 | 2,021 | ld | hs | 1 |
1,787,965 | Military presence resolves any residual links. | Lanoszka 19 . | Alexander Lanoszka 19. Assistant professor of international relations at the University of Waterloo, honorary fellow at City University of London. "False Alarm? Donald Trump, Alliances and Nuclear Proliferation." 6-11-2019. EastWest Institute. https://www.eastwest.ngo/idea/false-alarm-donald-trump-alliances-and-nuclear... | Some observers argue the prospects for nuclear proliferation among U.S. allies appear to have heightened in recent years And yet, over two years into the Trump administration, little nuclear proliferation-related activity seems to be taking place among U.S. allies fact, some of the most powerful U.S. allies—Japan and G... | two years into Trump little prolif seems to be taking place U.S military deployments that underscore commitments remain strong So long as the U.S. has forces on its ally’s territory the guarantee is sufficient to have confidence of its beneficiaries. troop withdrawals are made early in a presidency Putting rhetoric asi... | Some observers argue the prospects for nuclear proliferation among U.S. allies appear to have heightened in recent years. Superficially, U.S. President Donald Trump may be responsible. During his 2016 presidential campaign, he made statements suggesting he might tolerate efforts by Japan and South Korea to acquire nucl... | 6,287 | <h4>Military presence resolves any residual links.</h4><p>Alexander <strong>Lanoszka 19</strong>. Assistant professor of international relations at the University of Waterloo, honorary fellow at City University of London. "False Alarm? Donald Trump, Alliances and Nuclear Proliferation." 6-11-2019. EastWest Institute. h... | 2AC Octas vs Emory | OFF | Assurance DA---2AC | 8,183 | 329 | 52,579 | ./documents/ndtceda20/Rochester/AbMo/Rochester-Abdulla-Morbeck-Aff-Navy-Octas.docx | 621,471 | A | Navy | Octas | Emory MS | Lee Quinn, Tom Glinecki, Tyler Wiseman | 1AC - Senkakus - ECS and Nationalism advantages
1NC -
- T-Substantial
- Asymmetric Deterrence CP
- Assurance DA
- JCS Recommend CP
- North Korea Deterrence DA
- Deterrence DA on case
2NR
- Assurance DA | ndtceda20/Rochester/AbMo/Rochester-Abdulla-Morbeck-Aff-Navy-Octas.docx | null | 52,485 | AbMo | Rochester AbMo | null | Al..... | Ab..... | Be..... | Mo..... | 19,345 | Rochester | Rochester | null | null | 1,010 | ndtceda20 | NDT/CEDA 2020-21 | 2,020 | cx | college | 2 |
4,781,587 | “Resolved” is firm. | Parcher ‘01 | Parcher ‘01 [Jeff; Feb 2001; Former Debate Coach at Georgetown University; https://web.archive.org/web/20020622002707/http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html] brett | American Heritage Dictionary: Resolve To make a firm decision about Frimness of resolution A determination or decision The very nature of the word "resolution" makes it a question A course of action determined or decided on A formal statemnt of a deciion, as by a legislature Resolved comes from the adoption of resoluti... | To make a firm decision by a legislature | (1) Pardon me if I turn to a source besides Bill. American Heritage Dictionary: Resolve: 1. To make a firm decision about. 2. To decide or express by formal vote. 3. To separate something into constiutent parts See Syns at *analyze* (emphasis in orginal) 4. Find a solution to. See Syns at *Solve* (emphasis in original)... | 1,893 | <h4>“<u>Resolved</u>” is <u>firm</u>.</h4><p><strong>Parcher ‘01</strong> [Jeff; Feb 2001; Former Debate Coach at Georgetown University; https://web.archive.org/web/20020622002707/http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html] brett</p><p>(1) Pardon me if I turn to a source besides Bill. <u><strong>American Heritage... | null | null | CP | 1,136 | 861 | 167,573 | ./documents/hsld22/SouthlakeCarroll/GaDr/SouthlakeCarroll-GaDr-Neg-Barkley-Forum-for-High-Schools-Round-6.docx | 970,886 | N | Barkley Forum for High Schools | 6 | Durham PA | Gu | 1AC - Cap K Aff
1NC - T FW, PIC, Case
1AR - all
2NR - PIC, case
2AR - all | hsld22/SouthlakeCarroll/GaDr/SouthlakeCarroll-GaDr-Neg-Barkley-Forum-for-High-Schools-Round-6.docx | 2023-02-03 21:09:15 | 80,017 | GaDr | Southlake Carroll GaDr | null | Ga..... | Dr..... | null | null | 26,649 | SouthlakeCarroll | Southlake Carroll | TX | 26,976 | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
1,827,336 | “In” means within the limits of | Webster’s 6 | Webster’s 6 – Merriam Webster Online Dictionary, 06 (http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=in) | used to indicate inclusion, location, or position within limits | used to indicate inclusion or position within limits | Main Entry: 1in Pronunciation: 'in, &n, &n Function: preposition Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old High German in in, Latin in, Greek en 1 a -- used as a function word to indicate inclusion, location, or position within limits <in the lake> <wounded in the leg> <in the summer> | 300 | <h4>“In” means within the limits of</h4><p><strong>Webster’s 6</strong> – Merriam Webster Online Dictionary, 06 (http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=in)</p><p>Main Entry: 1in Pronunciation: 'in, &n, &n Function: preposition Etymology: Middle English, from Old English; akin to Old High German in in... | 2AC | OFF | T Reitz---2AC | 3,656 | 210 | 53,595 | ./documents/hspolicy20/Alpharetta/NaSa/Alpharetta-Naik-Sandhu-Aff-New%20Trier-Round5.docx | 723,831 | A | New Trier | 5 | Mamaroneck BO | Scott Wheeler | 1AC - Death Penalty
2NR - T Enact | hspolicy20/Alpharetta/NaSa/Alpharetta-Naik-Sandhu-Aff-New%20Trier-Round5.docx | null | 61,798 | NaSa | Alpharetta NaSa | null | Ad..... | Na..... | Ha..... | Sa..... | 21,498 | Alpharetta | Alpharetta | GA | null | 1,019 | hspolicy20 | HS Policy 2020-21 | 2,020 | cx | hs | 2 |
2,846,193 | Aff causes a shift to chemical and biological weapons – empirics and economic theory prove. | Narang '16 | Narang '16 (Neil Narang; Neil Narang is an Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and Co-Director of the Global Security hub in the Orfalea Center at the University of California, Santa Barbara. In 2015-2016, he served as a Senior Advisor in the Office of the Secretary of Defense on a Council on For... | an empirical and inductive approach of observing historical patterns in pursuit of different WMDs a cross-elasticity of demand across WMDs using a set of control variables estimate the independent effect that acquiring one type of weapon historical data on nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons pursuit we relied on ... | empirical and inductive historical patterns in WMDs cross-elasticity of demand using control variables to confirm robustness of results found demand for NBC weapons to be correlated WMDs function as substitutes once states acquire nuclear weapons less likely to pursue chemical and biological weapons appears to satisfy ... | NBC = Nuclear/Bio/Chemical weapons
Rather than engage in a theoretical debate comparing the ease of acquisition and destructive potential across NBC weapons, we chose an empirical and inductive approach of observing historical patterns in states’ pursuit and acquisition of different WMDs to determine whether states app... | 6,873 | <h4>Aff causes a <u>shift</u> to chemical and biological weapons – <u>empirics</u> and <u>economic</u> theory prove.</h4><p><strong>Narang '16</strong> (Neil Narang; Neil Narang is an Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and Co-Director of the Global Security hub in the Orfalea Center at the Unive... | 1NC | 2 | 1NC – DA | 21,632 | 558 | 90,183 | ./documents/hsld19/ArchbishopMitty/Pa/Archbishop%20Mitty-Park-Neg-College%20Prep-Round1.docx | 833,207 | N | College Prep | 1 | harker ad | david dosch | 1ac - whole res
1nc - new affs bad - security k - cbw da - communication cp - russia ai da - asteroids cp
1ar - all - pics bad
2nr - security k - cbw da - case
2ar - case | hsld19/ArchbishopMitty/Pa/Archbishop%20Mitty-Park-Neg-College%20Prep-Round1.docx | null | 71,199 | JoPa | Archbishop Mitty JoPa | null | Jo..... | Pa..... | null | null | 23,981 | ArchbishopMitty | Archbishop Mitty | CA | null | 1,027 | hsld19 | HS LD 2019-20 | 2,019 | ld | hs | 1 |
4,142,400 | Open source does equal the playing field | Overing 18 | Overing 18 – Bob Overing, LD Scholar (“Holiday Disclosure Post #6 – 10 Things Edition” JANUARY 12, 2018. http://www.premierdebate.com/disclosure-post-6/) | Open source improves on usual disclosure practices you can read their evidence for better preparation It solves the analytics problem so round-altering uncarded arguments are available and it gives access to evidence from paywalled articles Every season I coach debaters who lack access to major databases; for schools w... | you can read their ev for better prep round-altering uncarded arguments are available it gives access to evidence from paywalled articles for schools without robust online library offerings or college coaches | Open source improves on usual disclosure practices in the obvious way – you can read their evidence for better preparation – and in a number of smaller ways too. It solves the analytics problem I discussed above, so round-altering uncarded arguments are available (though this doesn’t really apply to Harvard-Westlake), ... | 548 | <h4>Open source does equal the playing field</h4><p><strong>Overing 18</strong> – Bob Overing, LD Scholar (“Holiday Disclosure Post #6 – 10 Things Edition” JANUARY 12, 2018. http://www.premierdebate.com/disclosure-post-6/)</p><p><u><strong>Open source improves on usual disclosure practices</u></strong> in the obvious w... | 1NC vs Millard North AR Valley R1 | null | 1 | 325,911 | 216 | 142,402 | ./documents/hsld22/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory/KeMe/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory-KeMe-Neg-Mid-America-Cup-Round-1.docx | 928,799 | N | Mid America Cup | 1 | Millard North Arjun Rishi | He | 1ac - stock
1nc - osource, federalism, public option 2.0, extra t
1ar - all, condo
2nr - all
2ar - all | hsld22/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory/KeMe/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory-KeMe-Neg-Mid-America-Cup-Round-1.docx | 2022-09-24 22:54:00 | 80,563 | KeMe | Strake Jesuit College Preparatory KeMe | null | Ke..... | Me..... | null | null | 27,049 | StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory | Strake Jesuit College Preparatory | TX | 36,501 | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
3,992,413 | Global protectionism causes extinction through world wars and collapsed response to existential risks | Oppenheimer 21 | Dr. Michael F. Oppenheimer 21, Clinical Professor at the Center for Global Affairs at New York University, Senior Consulting Fellow for Scenario Planning at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, Former Executive Vice President at The Futures Group, Member of the Council on Foreign Relations, The Foreign Po... | structural forces will shape the future of I R globalization Environmental events, global health challenges, internal political developments, policy mistakes, technology breakthroughs or failures, will intersect with structure to define our future. But structural forces will impact the the capacity of great powers to m... | Environment events health tech failures with define our future. But structural forces impact capacity of powers to settle inevitable shocks
decoupling
will produce increasing polarization and conflict weakened institutions and norms and reduced capacity to confront warming tech change, nuclear weapons and prolif
escala... | Four structural forces will shape the future of International Relations: globalization (but without liberal rules, institutions, and leadership)1; multipolarity (the end of American hegemony and wider distribution of power among states and non-states2); the strengthening of distinctive, national and subnational identit... | 17,789 | <h4>Global protectionism causes extinction through world wars and collapsed response to existential risks </h4><p>Dr. Michael F. <strong>Oppenheimer 21</strong>, Clinical Professor at the Center for Global Affairs at New York University, Senior Consulting Fellow for Scenario Planning at the International Institute for ... | 1NC---Emory Round 3 | null | Border Tax DA---1NC | 16,473 | 671 | 134,828 | ./documents/hspolicy21/Westminster/SaYa/Westminster-Sayers-Yao-Neg-Emory-Round3.docx | 756,606 | N | Emory | 3 | Alpharetta NT | Scott Wheeler | 1AC - PTD
2NR - Advantage CP and Trade DA | hspolicy21/Westminster/SaYa/Westminster-Sayers-Yao-Neg-Emory-Round3.docx | null | 64,596 | SaYa | Westminster SaYa | null | Be..... | Sa..... | Br..... | Ya..... | 22,174 | Westminster | Westminster | GA | null | 1,020 | hspolicy21 | HS Policy 2021-22 | 2,021 | cx | hs | 2 |
4,112,585 | Canadian leadership prevents the collapse of global institutions — extinction. | Crane ’18 | Crane ’18 — David; Member of the Advisory Committee of the Canada-U.S. Law Institute, Board Member of the University of Toronto’s Innovations Foundation, Member of the Ontario Science and Technology Council, Noted Commentator on Canadian Innovation Issues, Former Business and Economics Writer with the Toronto Star, Awa... | the urgent need to reinvigorate multilateralism, and strengthen multilateral institutions
was a message Canada can and should embrace. The alternative is a high risk of global disorder, the breakdown of the global rules and increased risk of conflict at a time when major problems facing human society can only be addres... | Canada can embrace. alt is disorder and increased conflict problems only addressed through coop
we have hope of averting nuclear confrontation, environmental disaster terrorism cyber
Yet this is under attack
this is gen take the world to the brink of systems breakdown
Canada can strengthen influence
Given history of su... | In an inspired and inspiring speech to the U.S. Congress that directly challenged the narrow America First foreign policy of U.S. President Donald Trump, French President Emmanuel Macron has set out the urgent need to defend the shared values of the West, to reinvigorate multilateralism, and to strengthen our multilate... | 6,122 | <h4>Canadian leadership prevents the collapse of <u>global institutions</u> — <u>extinction</u>.</h4><p><strong>Crane ’18</strong> — David; Member of the Advisory Committee of the Canada-U.S. Law Institute, Board Member of the University of Toronto’s Innovations Foundation, Member of the Ontario Science and Technology ... | OFF | null | 1NC -- OFF | 543,622 | 503 | 140,991 | ./documents/hspolicy22/Peninsula/KwXu/Peninsula-KwXu-Neg-Chuck-Ballingall-Memorial-Invitational-at-Damien-High-School-Round-5.docx | 932,120 | N | Chuck Ballingall Memorial Invitational at Damien High School | 5 | Polyte PL | Michael | 1ac -- CTI
2nr -- croatia pic + case turn | hspolicy22/Peninsula/KwXu/Peninsula-KwXu-Neg-Chuck-Ballingall-Memorial-Invitational-at-Damien-High-School-Round-5.docx | 2022-10-02 17:22:51 | 80,994 | KwXu | Peninsula KwXu | null | Ai..... | Kw..... | Zh..... | Xu..... | 26,578 | Peninsula | Peninsula | CA | null | 2,002 | hspolicy22 | HS Policy 2022-23 | 2,022 | cx | hs | 2 |
4,375,580 | Borders are cosmetic. Informal migration is inevitable, but legalization captures massive security, integration, and developmental gains | Kwaku 22 | Kwaku et al. 22 [Kwaku Arhin-Sam, Amanda Bisong, Leonie Jegen, Harouna Mounkaila & Franzisca Zanker (2022) The (in)formality of mobility in the ECOWAS region: The paradoxes of free movement, South African Journal of International Affairs, 29:2, 187-205, DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2022.2084452 HKR-MK] | the lack of implementation of the protocols on free movement agreed upon within ECOWAS coexists with relatively free movement in the region, seen in an everyday practice of mobility. This is historically-grounded in border communities that continue to treat borders as artificial within socio-political spaces that they ... | lack of free movement coexists with free everyday mobility not either formal or informalisation
given the porous nature of borders
citizens have everyday realities counteract borders and borders never held capital for states
free movement major driver for development economic stability and integration
unimplemented pro... | Clearly, the lack of implementation of the protocols on free movement agreed upon within ECOWAS (for the right of entry) coexists with relatively free movement in the region, seen in an everyday practice of mobility. This is historically-grounded in border communities that continue to treat borders as artificial within... | 8,354 | <h4>Borders are <u>cosmetic</u>. Informal migration is inevitable, but legalization captures massive security, integration, and developmental gains</h4><p><strong>Kwaku</strong> et al. <strong>22</strong> [Kwaku Arhin-Sam, Amanda Bisong, Leonie Jegen, Harouna Mounkaila & Franzisca Zanker (2022) The (in)formality of mob... | null | null | 1AC ---Development | 1,699,028 | 260 | 148,892 | ./documents/hsld22/Harker/AnAn/Harker-AnAn-Aff-harvard-westlake-Round-3.docx | 965,031 | A | harvard westlake | 3 | basis sk | asher | ac - africa
nc - t, solvency advocate, csa, cp, consult icj, no 1ar theory, case
ar - all
nr - cp, case
ar - same | hsld22/Harker/AnAn/Harker-AnAn-Aff-harvard-westlake-Round-3.docx | 2023-01-16 17:44:07 | 80,921 | AnAn | Harker AnAn | null | An..... | An..... | null | null | 26,565 | Harker | Harker | CA | null | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
1,391,027 | That causes nuclear war | FDI 12 | FDI 12, Future Directions International, a Research institute providing strategic analysis of Australia’s global interests; citing Lindsay Falvery, PhD in Agricultural Science and former Professor at the University of Melbourne’s Institute of Land and Environment, “Food and Water Insecurity: International Conflict Tri... | There is a growing appreciation that conflicts in the next century will most likely be fought over a lack of resources.¶ this is not new. Researchers point to the French and Russian revolutions as induced by a lack of food. Germany’s World War Two efforts are said to have been inspired by its perceived need to gain acc... | conflicts will most likely be fought over a lack of resources Researchers point to the French and Russian revolutions as induced by lack of food Germany’s World War Two efforts are inspired by need to gain food the scale in the future could be significantly greater if people are hungry the state is not stable if “large... | There is a growing appreciation that the conflicts in the next century will most likely be fought over a lack of resources.¶ Yet, in a sense, this is not new. Researchers point to the French and Russian revolutions as conflicts induced by a lack of food. More recently, Germany’s World War Two efforts are said to have b... | 2,681 | <h4>That causes <u>nuclear war</h4><p></u><strong>FDI 12</strong>, Future Directions International, a Research institute providing strategic analysis of Australia’s global interests; citing Lindsay Falvery, PhD in Agricultural Science and former Professor at the University of Melbourne’s Institute of Land and Environm... | null | null | 1ac – california | 22,024 | 2,244 | 37,006 | ./documents/hspolicy14/LaCostaCanyon/GoYa/La%20Costa%20Canyon-Goldschlag-Yamout-Aff-toc-Round6.docx | 634,234 | A | toc | 6 | pace ls | buntin | 2nr - oil dependence good | hspolicy14/LaCostaCanyon/GoYa/La%20Costa%20Canyon-Goldschlag-Yamout-Aff-toc-Round6.docx | null | 53,541 | GoYa | La Costa Canyon GoYa | null | Ja..... | Go..... | Ga..... | Ya..... | 19,576 | LaCostaCanyon | La Costa Canyon | null | null | 1,013 | hspolicy14 | HS Policy 2014-15 | 2,014 | cx | hs | 2 |
748,050 | Burnout is wrong | KERSCHER 14 | Karl-Heinz KERSCHER, former Professor at Leuphana University of Lüneburg, 14 [“Space Education,” Wissenschaftliche Studie, 2014, 92 Seiten, http://www.grin.com/de/e-book/269345/space-education] | The death toll for a pandemic is equal to the virulence multiplied by the number of people eventually infected. It has been hypothesized that there is an upper limit to the virulence of naturally evolved pathogens because a pathogen that quickly kills its hosts might not have enough time to spread to new ones, while on... | It has been hypothesized that a pathogen that quickly kills might not have time to spread this is not always valid high levels of virulence can evolve. The level of virulence is instead limited by the existence of complex populations
historical examples of pandemics have had a devastating effect on a large number which... | The death toll for a pandemic is equal to the virulence, the deadliness of the pathogen or pathogens, multiplied by the number of people eventually infected. It has been hypothesized that there is an upper limit to the virulence of naturally evolved pathogens. This is because a pathogen that quickly kills its hosts mig... | 1,401 | <h4>Burnout is wrong</h4><p>Karl-Heinz <strong>KERSCHER</strong>, former Professor at Leuphana University of Lüneburg, <strong>14</strong> [“Space Education,” Wissenschaftliche Studie, 2014, 92 Seiten, http://www.grin.com/de/e-book/269345/space-education<u>]</p><p>The death toll for a pandemic is equal to the virulence... | null | 1AC | 1AC 2 | 28,823 | 331 | 17,267 | ./documents/ndtceda14/Emory/SiKa/Emory-Sigalos-Karthikeyan-Aff-ADA-Round2.docx | 565,362 | A | ADA | 2 | Vanderbilt BM | Andrew Hart | 1AC Commerce Clause Marijuana (Same as Texas Rnd 4)
1NC T-Legalize Security K Adv CP Mexico DA Nebraska DA Zivotofsky DA Case
2NR Zivotofsky DA Case | ndtceda14/Emory/SiKa/Emory-Sigalos-Karthikeyan-Aff-ADA-Round2.docx | null | 48,462 | SiKa | Emory SiKa | null | Ja..... | Si..... | Vi..... | Ka..... | 18,765 | Emory | Emory | null | null | 1,004 | ndtceda14 | NDT/CEDA 2014-15 | 2,014 | cx | college | 2 |
1,409,460 | “Resolved” makes the topic a state action | Words and Phrases 64 | Words and Phrases 64
Words and Phrases Permanent Edition (Multi-volume set of judicial definitions). “Resolved”. 1964. | Definition of the word “resolve,” as ‘it was resolved by the legislature;” It is of similar force to the word “enact,” which is defined as meaning “to establish by law”.
90% of policymaking is deciding on implementation.
Elmore 80
policy decisions are not self-executing. the percentage of work done when the preferred a... | “resolve,” is similar to the word “enact,” meaning “to establish by law”. | Definition of the word “resolve,” given by Webster is “to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature;” It is of similar force to the word “enact,” which is defined by Bouvier as meaning “to establish by law”.
“Just governments” requires implementation.
90% of polic... | 2,316 | <h4><strong>“Resolved” makes the topic a state action</h4><p>Words and Phrases 64 </p><p></strong>Words and Phrases Permanent Edition (Multi-volume set of judicial definitions). “Resolved”.<u> 1964.</p><p>Definition of the word <mark>“resolve,”</u></mark> given by Webster is “to express an opinion or determination by r... | null | 1 | null | 136,783 | 159 | 38,183 | ./documents/hsld14/SacredHeart/To/Sacred%20Heart-Tomasi-Neg-Lexington-Round3.docx | 761,512 | N | Lexington | 3 | Scarsdale CL Carolyn Lau | John Hordines | 1AR goes hard for role of the ballot says perm do both on the cap good K | hsld14/SacredHeart/To/Sacred%20Heart-Tomasi-Neg-Lexington-Round3.docx | null | 65,152 | AdTo | Sacred Heart AdTo | null | Ad..... | To..... | null | null | 22,329 | SacredHeart | Sacred Heart | null | null | 1,022 | hsld14 | HS LD 2014-15 | 2,014 | ld | hs | 1 |
1,458,474 | Voting aff doesn’t spill over to social change, but voting neg resolves our procedural impacts. | Ritter ‘13 | Ritter ‘13 (JD from U Texas Law (Michael J., “Overcoming The Fiction of “Social Change Through Debate”: What’s To Learn from 2pac’s Changes?,” National Journal of Speech and Debate, Vol. 2, Issue [1] | The structure of competitive debate renders any message communicated in a round incapable of creating any social change in the community or general society to the extent that the fiction of social change through debate can be proven or disproven through studies or surveys, academics have analyzed debate with nonapplica... | debate renders any message communicated in round incapable of social change in the community or society academics analyzed debate with nonapplicable theory that fails to account for unique aspects proponents have chosen not to prove this assumption, which is a fiction that is harmful The position is not provable by hum... | The structure of competitive interscholastic debate renders any message communicated in a debate round virtually incapable of creating any social change, either in the debate community or in general society. And to the extent that the fiction of social change through debate can be proven or disproven through empirical ... | 2,039 | <h4>Voting aff doesn’t spill over to social change, but voting neg resolves our procedural impacts.</h4><p><strong>Ritter ‘13</strong> (JD from U Texas Law (Michael J., “Overcoming The Fiction of “Social Change Through Debate”: What’s To Learn from 2pac’s Changes?,” National Journal of Speech and Debate, Vol. 2, Issue ... | null | 1 | null | 130,826 | 531 | 40,392 | ./documents/hsld21/Lexington/Gh/Lexington-Ghosh-Neg-Glenbrooks%20Speech%20and%20Debate%20Tournament-Round7.docx | 891,910 | N | Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 7 | Los Altos BF | Arianna Nelson | ac- badiou v3
nc- t-fw cap good case
ar- all
2nr- fw
2ar- same | hsld21/Lexington/Gh/Lexington-Ghosh-Neg-Glenbrooks%20Speech%20and%20Debate%20Tournament-Round7.docx | null | 74,919 | AaGh | Lexington AaGh | null | Aa..... | Gh..... | null | null | 25,048 | Lexington | Lexington | MA | null | 1,029 | hsld21 | HS LD 2021-22 | 2,021 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,362,335 | Extinction | Starr 15 American Scientists, [Steven Starr is the director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has been published in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and the Strategic Arms Reduction (STAR) website of t... | Starr 15 Steven Starr, 10-14-2015, "Nuclear War, Nuclear Winter, and Human Extinction," Federation Of American Scientists, [Steven Starr is the director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has been published i... | That is, a nuclear winter would cause most humans and large animals to die from nuclear famine in a mass extinction event similar to the one that wiped out the dinosaurs Following the detonation of strategic nuclear weapons, nuclear firestorms would burn simultaneously over a total land surface area of many thousands o... | Following the detonation of nuclear weapons firestorms would release tens of millions of tons of black carbon soot and smoke sunlight would heat the smoke, producing a self-lofting that would aid the rise of the smoke into the stratosphere above cloud level, where it could not be rained out The smoke from nuclear weapo... | While it is impossible to precisely predict all the human impacts that would result from a nuclear winter, it is relatively simple to predict those which would be most profound. That is, a nuclear winter would cause most humans and large animals to die from nuclear famine in a mass extinction event similar to the one t... | 3,611 | <h4>Extinction</h4><p><strong>Starr 15</strong> Steven Starr, 10-14-2015, "Nuclear War, Nuclear Winter, and Human Extinction," Federation Of<u><strong> American Scientists, [Steven Starr is the director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians ... | 1ac | Advantage 2: Economy | null | 8,998 | 998 | 75,234 | ./documents/hsld20/StrakeJesuit/Er/Strake%20Jesuit-Erdmann-Aff-Apple%20Valley-Semis.docx | 874,387 | A | Apple Valley | Semis | Loyola SN | Jenn Melin, Anna Farronay, Chetan Hertzig | ac - stock v2 changes in osource
nc - shutdown da - biochar and subsidies cp - 50 states cp - un cp - case
1ar - agent cps bad - condo bad - all
2nr - agent cps bad - condo bad - biochar and subsidies cp - case
2ar - case - cp | hsld20/StrakeJesuit/Er/Strake%20Jesuit-Erdmann-Aff-Apple%20Valley-Semis.docx | null | 73,799 | BeEr | Strake Jesuit BeEr | null | Be..... | Er..... | null | null | 24,736 | StrakeJesuit | Strake Jesuit | TX | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
4,746,052 | The alternative is to reject the affirmative in favor of an unflinching commitment to democratic socialism. The role of the judge is to question capitalism – you are ideologically preconditioned to prioritize neoliberal values. Evaluating the ideology of the 1AC is a prior question to whether or not the 1AC is a good i... | Hagglund 19 | Martin Hagglund [Prof. of comparative literature and humanities, Yale U.], This Life: Secular Faith and Spiritual Freedom. New York: Anchor Books, a Division of Penguin Random House (2019). pp. 301-310 | The first principle of democratic socialism is that we measure our wealth—both individual and collective—in terms of socially available free time. which requires institutions that allow us to shape, cultivate, and transform the commitments in light of which we lead our lives.
we are committed to reducing our socially n... | democratic socialism requires institutions that allow us to shape, cultivate, and transform commitments .
Only revaluation of value allow us increasing freedom and decreasing necessity.
the means of production are collectively owned and cannot be used for profit. As long as means of production are private and used for... | The first principle of democratic socialism is that we measure our wealth—both individual and collective—in terms of socially available free time. Our free time depends on social and institutional forms because it does not concern a mere quantity of time. Rather, our quantity of free time is inseparable from the qualit... | 18,929 | <h4>The alternative is to reject the affirmative in favor of an <u>unflinching commitment</u> to <u>democratic socialism.</u> The role of the judge is to question capitalism – you are <u>ideologically preconditioned</u> to prioritize neoliberal values. Evaluating the ideology of the 1AC is a prior question to whether o... | null | null | null | 1,704,591 | 230 | 166,035 | ./documents/hsld22/Marlborough/SaSh/Marlborough-SaSh-Neg-Woodward-Round-5.docx | 989,976 | N | Woodward | 4 | Harvard-Westlake | Riley Rees | null | hsld22/Marlborough/SaSh/Marlborough-SaSh-Neg-Woodward-Round-5.docx | 2023-03-18 22:37:03 | 85,326 | SaSh | Marlborough SaSh | null | Sa..... | Sh..... | null | null | 26,925 | Marlborough | Marlborough | CA | null | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
3,205,974 | Settlement is not an event, but a structuring ontological logic of elimination constantly manifest in everyday reiteration of the very modes of spatial inhabitance and subjective modes of being – distinct from racial violences | Rifkin 14 | Rifkin 14 – Associate Professor of English & WGS @ UNC-Greensboro | recent attempts to theorize settler colonialism have sought to shift attention from its effects on Indigenous subjects to its implications for nonnative political attachments, forms of inhabitance, and modes of being tracking the pervasive operation of settlement as a system invasion is a structure not an event a “logi... | attempts to theorize settler colonialism shift attention from its effects to its implications for nonnative political attachments, forms of inhabitance, and modes of being tracking the pervasive operation of settlement as a system invasion is a structure not an event a “logic of elimination” drives settler sociality, e... | (Mark, ‘Settler Common Sense: Queerness and Everyday Colonialism in the American Renaissance,’ pp. 7-10)
If nineteenth-century American literary studies tends to focus on the ways Indians enter the narrative frame and the kinds of meanings and associa- tions they bear, recent attempts to theorize settler colonialism ha... | 3,184 | <h4>Settlement is not an event, but a structuring ontological logic of elimination constantly manifest in everyday reiteration of the very modes of spatial inhabitance and subjective modes of being – distinct from racial violences</h4><p><strong>Rifkin 14 </strong>– Associate Professor of English & WGS @ UNC-Greensboro... | 1NC | null | 3 | 12,534 | 592 | 103,760 | ./documents/ndtceda18/Wyoming/LaTa/Wyoming-Lamb-Talamantes-Neg-UNLV-Round2.docx | 609,624 | N | UNLV | 2 | Puget Sound EW | Glen Frappier | 1ac - abolish the executive
1nc - fw k cp da
2nr - fw | ndtceda18/Wyoming/LaTa/Wyoming-Lamb-Talamantes-Neg-UNLV-Round2.docx | null | 51,668 | LaTa | Wyoming LaTa | null | Br..... | La..... | Ri..... | Ta..... | 19,233 | Wyoming | Wyoming | null | null | 1,008 | ndtceda18 | NDT/CEDA 2018-19 | 2,018 | cx | college | 2 |
2,125,308 | Vote negative to embrace the lack – this requires being open to the anxiety that occurs from an encounter with the other and breaks down fantasy and drives. | McGowan 13 Todd McGowan, 2013, “Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis,” University of Nebraska Press/Lincoln and London, SJBE | McGowan 13 Todd McGowan, 2013, “Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis,” University of Nebraska Press/Lincoln and London, SJBE | The alternative — the ethical path that psychoanalysis identifies — demands an embrace of the anxiety that stems from the encounter with the enjoying other. In some sense, the encounter with absence or nothing is easier than the encounter with presence. Even though it traumatizes us, absence allows us to constitute our... | the ethical path demands an embrace of the anxiety from the encounter with the other the lost object provides the subject with direction and meaning This is what the subject lacks when it does not encounter lack the encounter with the other in its real dimension produces anxiety that tolerates the real other, not media... | The alternative — the ethical path that psychoanalysis identifies — demands an embrace of the anxiety that stems from the encounter with the enjoying other. If there is a certain ethical dimension to anxiety, it lies in the rela- tionship that exists between anxiety and enjoyment. Contra Heidegger, the ethics of anxiet... | 10,834 | <h4>Vote negative to embrace the lack – this requires being open to the anxiety that occurs from an encounter with the other and breaks down fantasy and drives.</h4><p><strong>McGowan 13 <u>Todd McGowan, 2013, “Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis,” University of Nebraska Press/Lincoln a... | 1NC | 3 | null | 12,135 | 273 | 64,039 | ./documents/hsld20/DiamondBarIndependent/Ch/Diamond%20Bar%20Independent-Chu-Neg-Cal%20Invitational-Triples.docx | 856,627 | N | Cal Invitational | Triples | Harvard Westlake GZ | Zhou - Perez - Zhang | 1AC - Nuclear LAWs
1NC - Skynet CP - Iran JCPOA DA - Psychoanalysis K - Case
1AR - All
2NR - Skynet CP - Iran JCPOA DA - Case
2AR Case - CP - DA | hsld20/DiamondBarIndependent/Ch/Diamond%20Bar%20Independent-Chu-Neg-Cal%20Invitational-Triples.docx | null | 72,912 | NaCh | Diamond Bar Independent NaCh | null | Na..... | Ch..... | null | null | 24,490 | DiamondBarIndependent | Diamond Bar Independent | CA | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
1,153,544 | No warming impact. | Farquhar et al. 17 | Farquhar et al. 17 Sebastian Farquhar, DPhil student at Oxford specializing in Cyber Security and AI. John Halstead, doctorate in political philosophy. Owen Cotton-Barratt, DPhil in pure mathematics. Stefan Schubert, Oxford's department of experimental psychology. Haydn Belfield, degree in Philosophy, Politics and Econ... | The most likely levels of global warming are very unlikely to cause extinction existential risks stem from tail risk climate change – the low probability of extreme levels of warming It is impossible to say with confidence at what point global warming would become severe enough to pose an existential threat the timesca... | likely warming are unlikely to cause extinction risks stem from low probability of extreme levels It is impossible to say with confidence what warming would be severe enough timescales mean humanity is able to adapt to avoid extinction in extreme scenarios | The most likely levels of global warming are very unlikely to cause human extinction.15 The existential risks of climate change instead stem from tail risk climate change – the low probability of extreme levels of warming – and interaction with other sources of risk. It is impossible to say with confidence at what poin... | 993 | <h4>No warming impact. </h4><p><strong>Farquhar et al. 17</strong> Sebastian Farquhar, DPhil student at Oxford specializing in Cyber Security and AI. John Halstead, doctorate in political philosophy. Owen Cotton-Barratt, DPhil in pure mathematics. Stefan Schubert, Oxford's department of experimental psychology. Haydn B... | 1NC | Adv 2 | 1NC – Warming | 18,673 | 1,614 | 28,403 | ./documents/hspolicy21/MinneapolisSouth/CoNi/Minneapolis%20South-Conry-Niblett-Neg-Emory-Round5.docx | 751,143 | N | Emory | 5 | Woodward GH | Colton Gilbert | 1AC - nukes
1NC - T-cessation ban cp states cp ptx da managerialism k heg bad
2NR - heg bad | hspolicy21/MinneapolisSouth/CoNi/Minneapolis%20South-Conry-Niblett-Neg-Emory-Round5.docx | null | 64,090 | CoNi | Minneapolis South CoNi | null | Cl..... | Co..... | An..... | Ni..... | 22,055 | MinneapolisSouth | Minneapolis South | MN | null | 1,020 | hspolicy21 | HS Policy 2021-22 | 2,021 | cx | hs | 2 |
615,605 | Capitalism causes massive violence and inevitable extinction – the role of the ballot is to endorse the best organizational tactics. | Escalante 19 | Escalante 19 [Alyson Escalante, M.A., Department of Philosophy @ University of Oregon, “Truth and Practice: The Marxist Theory of Knowledge,” 09/08/19, tinyurl.com/8jksnexs] pat | The world we live in today is in a dire state Capitalist production and its endless drive for resources to match artificial market demands has created a climate crisis that leaves us on the brink of potential extinction
Governments around the world are turning to far right and fascist leaders to assuage their fears of ... | The world is in a dire state Capitalist production created a climate crisis that leaves us on the brink of extinction
Governments turning to fascist leaders to assuage fears and the most marginalized suffer
Whole countries are destroyed in bids for fossil fuels
The need for revolutionary movement has never been so clea... | The world we live in today is in a dire state. Climate destruction continues at a fast pace, and every with every passing day, capitalism proves itself to be incapable of addressing this. Capitalist production and its endless drive for resources to match artificial market demands has created a climate crisis that leave... | 2,900 | <h4>Capitalism causes <u>massive violence</u> and <u>inevitable extinction</u> – the <u>role of the ballot</u> is to endorse the best organizational tactics.</h4><p><strong>Escalante 19</strong> [Alyson Escalante, M.A., Department of Philosophy @ University of Oregon, “Truth and Practice: The Marxist Theory of Knowledg... | null | null | Shell k | 314,476 | 437 | 11,038 | ./documents/hsld21/CypressWoods/Zh/Cypress%20Woods-Zhang-Neg-TFA%20State-Round5.docx | 885,409 | N | TFA State | 5 | vishal gopalakrishan | michael roets | ac-dem
nc-cap shell
1a-dem shell
2n-cap
1a-shell | hsld21/CypressWoods/Zh/Cypress%20Woods-Zhang-Neg-TFA%20State-Round5.docx | null | 74,547 | AmZh | Cypress Woods AmZh | null | Am..... | Zh..... | null | null | 24,969 | CypressWoods | Cypress Woods | TX | null | 1,029 | hsld21 | HS LD 2021-22 | 2,021 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,103,768 | 1] Limits – only full democracies draw a clear line of topical affs – anything else arbitrarily explodes limits to 113 nations which wrecks reciprocal neg prep and engagement. | EIU 20 | EIU 20 [British business within the Economist Group providing forecasting and advisory services through research and analysis, such as monthly country reports, five-year country economic forecasts, country risk service reports, and industry reports. The EIU provides country, industry, and management analysis worldwide ... | No. of countries
Full democracies 22
Flawed democracies 54
Hybrid regimes 37
Authoritarian regimes 54 | Full democracies 22
Flawed democracies 54
Hybrid 37 | No. of countries % of countries % of world population
Full democracies 22 13.2 5.7
Flawed democracies 54 32.3 42.7
Hybrid regimes 37 22.2 16.0
Authoritarian regimes 54 32.3 35.6
Note. “World” population refers to the total population of the 167 countries covered by the Index. Since this excludes only micro states, this... | 378 | <h4>1] Limits – only full democracies draw a clear line of topical affs – anything else arbitrarily explodes limits to 113 nations which wrecks reciprocal neg prep and engagement.</h4><p><strong>EIU 20 </strong>[British business within the Economist Group providing forecasting and advisory services through research and... | 2 | null | null | 388,910 | 202 | 63,000 | ./documents/hsld20/CanyonCrest/Ka/Canyon%20Crest-Kang-Neg-Loyola-Round5.docx | 855,178 | N | Loyola | 5 | Immaculate Heart FP | Abhyankar, Viren | 1AC - Voting Suppression
1NC - CP Kill Dem T EIU Case
1AR - all
2NR - T
2AR - T | hsld20/CanyonCrest/Ka/Canyon%20Crest-Kang-Neg-Loyola-Round5.docx | null | 72,807 | AnKa | Canyon Crest AnKa | null | An..... | Ka..... | null | null | 24,448 | CanyonCrest | Canyon Crest | CA | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,384,360 | Extinction | Ng 19 | Ng 19 [Yew-Kwang; May 2019; Professor of Economics at Nanyang Technology University, Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and Member of the Advisory Board at the Global Priorities Institute at Oxford University, Ph.D. in Economics from Sydney University; Global Policy, “Keynote: Global Extinction and A... | climate change
causing global extinction is possible due to interrelated factors of non‐linearity, cascading effects, positive feedbacks, multiplicative factors, critical thresholds and tipping points
A imminent tipping point could be ‘an abrupt ice sheet collapse [that] could cause rapid sea level rise’ There are many... | climate change
causing global extinction
tipping point could be abrupt ice sheet collapse
replacement of an ice by a liquid increases absorption of sunlight, leading to faster warming
drying of forests increases forest fires and release carbon
ocean temp release methane
with substantial warming, ‘the area of land rende... | Catastrophic climate change
Though by no means certain, CCC causing global extinction is possible due to interrelated factors of non‐linearity, cascading effects, positive feedbacks, multiplicative factors, critical thresholds and tipping points (e.g. Barnosky and Hadly, 2016; Belaia et al., 2017; Buldyrev et al., 2010... | 2,957 | <h4>Extinction</h4><p><strong>Ng 19 </strong>[Yew-Kwang; May 2019; Professor of Economics at Nanyang Technology University, Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and Member of the Advisory Board at the Global Priorities Institute at Oxford University, Ph.D. in Economics from Sydney University; Global Po... | null | 2 | null | 5,339 | 2,139 | 76,185 | ./documents/hsld20/StrakeJesuit/Sh/Strake%20Jesuit-Shah-Neg-Churchill-Round3.docx | 875,243 | N | Churchill | 3 | Westwood JC | Reichle, Matthew | 1AC- Drones
1NC- T-Autonomous Political Capital DA Eliminate Nukes CP Case
1AR- All Condo
2NR- CP DA Condo Case
2AR- Case CP DA | hsld20/StrakeJesuit/Sh/Strake%20Jesuit-Shah-Neg-Churchill-Round3.docx | null | 73,807 | KaSh | Strake Jesuit KaSh | null | Ka..... | Sh..... | null | null | 24,736 | StrakeJesuit | Strake Jesuit | TX | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
4,477,825 | Scholarship and performance for the sake of performance is bad because it makes the affect intelligible for debate’s strategic usage that other teams will use and attempt to identify with it- turns their Ethic-politics offense because debate will make their scholarship fungible. This uniquely turns case. Symbolically a... | Rigakos and Law 09 | Rigakos and Law 09 (Assistant Professor of Law at Carleton University AND PhD, Legal Studies, Carleton University George and Alexandra) “Risk, Realism and the Politics of Resistance,” Critical Sociology 35(1) 79-103, dml) | query why subversive ‘assertions of self’ should bring dignity and psychological empowerment when they produce no greater material benefits or changes in relational power … By standards of ‘realism’, … subjects given to avoidance and ‘lumping it’ may be the most sophisticated of all. (1996: 227)
everyday resistance fai... | everyday resistance fails to tell us more than was already known and ignores material conditions
powerlessness is learned out of accumulated futility and entrapment’ Arguing against celebrating resistance that fail to alter broader relations or material conditions is recognizing the existence of powerful groups
account... | McCann and March (1996: 244)
next set out the ‘justification for treating everyday practices as significant’ suggested by the above literature. First, the works studied are concerned with proving people are not ‘duped’ by their surroundings. At the level of consciousness, subjects ‘are ironic, critical, realistic, even... | 7,342 | <h4>Scholarship and performance for the sake of performance is bad because it makes the affect intelligible for debate’s strategic usage that other teams will use and attempt to identify with it- turns their Ethic-politics offense because debate will make their scholarship fungible. This uniquely turns case. Symbolical... | Ballot PIK | Case | null | 9,162 | 314 | 146,933 | ./documents/ndtceda22/Minnesota/DaHa/Minnesota-DaHa-Neg-Gtown-Round-5.docx | 958,585 | N | Gtown | 5 | Kentucky MW | Ruby Klein | 1ac- CDS K aff
1nc-fw, cap, ballot PiK
2nr- ballot pik | ndtceda22/Minnesota/DaHa/Minnesota-DaHa-Neg-Gtown-Round-5.docx | 2023-01-06 19:04:16 | 82,694 | DaHa | Minnesota DaHa | null | Ry..... | Da..... | Be..... | Ha..... | 27,133 | Minnesota | Minnesota | null | 6,285 | 2,001 | ndtceda22 | NDT/CEDA College 2022-23 | 2,022 | cx | college | 2 |
4,403,547 | EU strength prevent global conflict and transnational threats---extinction | Balfour 19 | Dr. Rosa Balfour 19, Senior Transatlantic Fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, PhD in International Relations from the London School of Economics and Political Science, MA in History from Cambridge University, MSc in European Studies from the London School of Economics and Political Science, Senior ... | In a brittle world without enduring strong international alliances Europe’s ‘strategic autonomy’ has gained new resonance, but it should not shadow the EU’s unique key international assets in the global economy and multilateral order. Working with global networks to promote norms and public goods is key to push back on... | In a brittle world EU’s unique assets in the economy and multilat promote norms and public goods key to push back nationalism
military op s
speak not to legitimacy where E U has better opportunities to develop autonomy
Europe faces an increasingly hostile environment but remains best to pursue human rights and rule of ... | In a brittle world without enduring strong international alliances, the debate on Europe’s ‘strategic autonomy’ has gained new resonance, but it should not shadow the EU’s unique key international assets in the global economy and multilateral order. Working with global networks to promote norms and public goods is key ... | 5,069 | <h4>EU strength prevent <u>global conflict</u> and <u>transnational threats</u>---extinction</h4><p>Dr. Rosa <strong>Balfour 19<u></strong>, Senior Transatlantic Fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, PhD in International Relations from the London School of Economics and Political Science, MA in Histo... | null | OFF | 1NC – CP | 6,679 | 440 | 144,741 | ./documents/hspolicy22/NotreDame/GoUr/NotreDame-GoUr-Neg-4----Glenbrooks-Round-2.docx | 949,456 | N | 4 -- Glenbrooks | 2 | Garfield SR | Jack Pacconi | 1AC - Ethical AI
1NC - EU CP, Bilat CP, Dos CP, DoD DA, Strat Con DA, NATO Bad
2NC - Bilat CP, EU CP, NATO Bad
1NR - DoS CP, DoD DA
2NR - DoS CP, DoD DA | hspolicy22/NotreDame/GoUr/NotreDame-GoUr-Neg-4----Glenbrooks-Round-2.docx | 2022-11-30 00:04:59 | 79,341 | GoUr | Notre Dame GoUr | null | Ro..... | Go..... | Mo..... | Ur..... | 26,572 | NotreDame | Notre Dame | CA | null | 2,002 | hspolicy22 | HS Policy 2022-23 | 2,022 | cx | hs | 2 |
2,091,884 | 1. Pleasure is an intrinsic good, that means utilitarianism. | Moen 16 | Moen 16 – (Ole Martin, PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy @ University of Oslo, "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267). Modified for glang | empirically, that a widely shared judgment about intrinsic value and disvalue is that pleasure is intrinsically valuable and pain is intrinsically disvaluable. On virtually any proposed list of intrinsic values and disvalues pleasure is included among the intrinsic values and pain among the intrinsic disvalues. there i... | empirically, pleasure is valuable and pain is disvaluable there is something undeniably good about pleasure I might inquire, What is buying the soda good for? You might answer: “ I want the pleasure of drinking it.” If I ask what is pleasure good for?” the discussion reach an end. We never ask her end is because we ass... | Let us start by observing, empirically, that a widely shared judgment about intrinsic value and disvalue is that pleasure is intrinsically valuable and pain is intrinsically disvaluable. On virtually any proposed list of intrinsic values and disvalues (we will look at some of them below), pleasure is included among the... | 3,248 | <h4>1. Pleasure is an intrinsic good, that means utilitarianism. </h4><p><strong>Moen 16</strong> – (Ole Martin, PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy @ University of Oslo, "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267). Modified for glang</p><p>Let us start by observing, <u><mark>empirically,</mar... | null | Generic Util NC | NC | 21,420 | 4,449 | 62,447 | ./documents/hsld20/BASISPhoenix/Ch/BASIS%20Phoenix-Chakkera-Neg-Golden%20Desert-Round4.docx | 853,956 | N | Golden Desert | 4 | South Eugene KS | Carlos Santos | 1AC-cohesion restrictions on landmines gone fractures NATO Russian invasion ottawa treaty broken
1NC- util neg LAWS dont act upon emotion make rational decisions
1AR-autonomous weapons are not capable of adhering to principles fracturing NATO b9gger issue
2NC- autonomous weapons not landmines ban doesn't mean put restr... | hsld20/BASISPhoenix/Ch/BASIS%20Phoenix-Chakkera-Neg-Golden%20Desert-Round4.docx | null | 72,712 | ShCh | BASIS Phoenix ShCh | null | Sh..... | Ch..... | null | null | 24,426 | BASISPhoenix | BASIS Phoenix | AZ | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,302,833 | Extinction – nuclear winter, crude oil amplifies, smoke covers the world | Snydera and Ruyle 17 | Snydera and Ruyle 17 (Brian F.Snydera and Leslie E. Ruyle, 12-15-2017, [Brian F. Snyder. Department of Environmental Science, Louisiana State University, United States. Leslie E. Ruyle. Center on Conflict and Development, Texas A&M University, United States]"The abolition of war as a goal of environmental policy," No P... | detonation of the world's nuclear weapons would plausibly kill all or nearly all humans on Earth and initiate a mass extinction event The combined arsenals of the U.S. and Russia likely have a yield of at least 2–3 billion tons In the 1980s climate scientists used simple and early climate models to estimate the effects... | nuclear weapons would plausibly initiate mass extinction The combined arsenals of the U.S. and Russia have at least 2–3 billion tons climate scientists large-scale nuclear war estimates were catastrophic growing seasons would be shortened by 100 days for 3 years a one billion ton war would not be survivable the nuclear... | While the precise impacts of a hypothetical nuclear war are difficult to predict, the detonation of the world's nuclear weapons would plausibly kill all or nearly all humans on Earth and initiate a mass extinction event. There are a total of about 9400 nuclear warheads in active service around the world, with approxima... | 5,935 | <h4>Extinction – nuclear winter, crude oil amplifies, smoke covers the world</h4><p><u><strong>Snydera and Ruyle 17 </u></strong>(Brian F.Snydera and Leslie E. Ruyle, 12-15-2017, [Brian F. Snyder. Department of Environmental Science, Louisiana State University, United States. Leslie E. Ruyle. Center on Conflict and Dev... | null | null | 1AC—Militaristic Dominance | 347,086 | 218 | 72,554 | ./documents/hsld20/Oxford/Me/Oxford-Mehta-Aff-Stanford-Round4.docx | 869,999 | A | Stanford | 4 | Bellarmine DD | David Dosch | 1AC - China
1NC - PLA DA Hotlines CP Security K
1AR - All
2NR - PLA DA Hotlines CP
2AR - Same | hsld20/Oxford/Me/Oxford-Mehta-Aff-Stanford-Round4.docx | null | 73,609 | ViMe | Oxford ViMe | null | Vi..... | Me..... | null | null | 24,667 | Oxford | Oxford | CA | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
4,388,983 | Complex Restrictions on Migration limits labor mobility between ASEAN states – limits intra-regional labor markets. | Koty 16 | Koty 16 Alexander Koty 5-13-2016 "Labor Mobility in ASEAN: Current Commitments and Future Limitations" https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/asean-labor-mobility/ (Writer at ASEAN briefing)//Elmer | When the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) Economic Community (AEC) was set up at the end of 2015, the region achieved a significant milestone in terms of its growing political, economic, and cultural integration seeks to “transform ASEAN into region with free movement of goods, services investment, skill... | ASEAN Economic Community seeks to “transform ASEAN into region with free movement of goods, services skilled labour and capital free movement of skilled labour lags behind lack of a cohesive regional framework existence of protectionist policies middling political strategies impede skilled labour mobility visa standard... | When the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) Economic Community (AEC) was set up at the end of 2015, the region achieved a significant milestone in terms of its growing political, economic, and cultural integration. As set out in 2007’s ASEAN Economic Blueprint, the AEC seeks to “transform ASEAN into a regi... | 7,550 | <h4>Complex Restrictions on Migration limits labor mobility between ASEAN states – limits intra-regional labor markets. </h4><p><strong>Koty 16</strong> Alexander Koty 5-13-2016 "Labor Mobility in ASEAN: Current Commitments and Future Limitations" https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/asean-labor-mobility/<u> (Writer at A... | null | null | 1AC: Centrality | 1,700,104 | 323 | 167,130 | ./documents/hsld22/ProofSchool/DhRa/ProofSchool-DhRa-Aff-37th-Annual-Stanford-Invitational-Round-5.docx | 975,564 | A | 37th Annual Stanford Invitational | 5 | Polytechnic AT | Soderquist | 1AC- ASEAN
1NC- Cap, case
1AR- all, TT, tricks
2NR- cap
2AR- perm, TT | hsld22/ProofSchool/DhRa/ProofSchool-DhRa-Aff-37th-Annual-Stanford-Invitational-Round-5.docx | 2023-02-12 18:48:06 | 84,651 | DhRa | Proof School DhRa | dhruv.r.raghavan@gmail.com | Dh..... | Ra..... | null | null | 27,871 | ProofSchool | Proof School | CA | 51,730 | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
4,381,016 | The United States federal government ought to implement a single-payer universal healthcare system guaranteeing comprehensive coverage for all residents that has no cost sharing, financed through a Tax scheme outlined in 1AC Seidman. | Seidman 15 | Seidman 15, Laurence. "The Affordable Care Act versus Medicare for All." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 40.4 (2015): 911-gm921. (Chaplin Tyler Professor of Economics)//Elmer | every American would be automatically covered for life Private health insurance premiums would be replaced with a set of taxes earmarked for Medicare Everyone would bear some burden from these earmarked taxes, so that there would be no free riding— everyone would make a financial contribution to Medicare for All. There... | every American automatically covered for life premiums replaced with taxes no patient cost sharing Taxes vary with ability to pay, better for the economy consist of Medicare payroll tax VAT and income tax surcharge on the 1040 income tax return VAT used successfully by every economically advanced country burden on low-... | Medicare for All Under Medicare for All, every American would be automatically covered for life regardless of employment, health status, income, marital status, or residential location; everyone would receive a Medicare card to use anytime or anywhere that individual obtains medical care. Like Medicare, Medicare for Al... | 20,728 | <h4><strong>The United States federal government ought to implement a single-payer universal healthcare system guaranteeing comprehensive coverage for <u>all residents</u> that has <u>no cost sharing</u>, financed through a Tax scheme outlined in 1AC Seidman. </h4><p>Seidman 15</strong>, Laurence. "The Affordable Care ... | null | null | null | 326,992 | 531 | 153,857 | ./documents/hsld22/Wilcox/SaMa1/Wilcox-SaMa1-Aff-Heart-Of-Texas-Invitational-Round-1.docx | 943,662 | A | Heart Of Texas Invitational | 1 | Marlborough LS | Pulapaka | 1AC -- Stock
1NC -- Innovation DA, Access DA
1AR -- All
2NR -- All
2AR -- All | hsld22/Wilcox/SaMa1/Wilcox-SaMa1-Aff-Heart-Of-Texas-Invitational-Round-1.docx | 2022-11-11 19:06:29 | 80,213 | SaMa1 | Wilcox SaMa1 | Hey I'm saharsh:
I'm a boy (he/him/his)
Really, what do I put here lmao cuz my infos down below so I rlly don't know what to do here plz help me out just look at my contact info cite at the top of the cites page ppl why do you come up here | Sa..... | Ma..... | null | null | 26,935 | Wilcox | Wilcox | CA | null | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
4,447,800 | LIO solves nuclear war, climate change and tech disruption – all existential | Harari 18 | Harari 18, Professor of History at Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Yuval Noah, “We need a post-liberal order now,” The Economist, https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/09/26/we-need-a-post-liberal-order-now) | this vision of friendly fortresses has been tried and it failed spectacularly. All attempts to divide the world into clear-cut nations have resulted in war and genocide they deny the necessity of any global order whatsoever humankind faces common problems that make a mockery of all national borders that can only be sol... | All attempts to divide the world resulted in war humankind faces common problems that can only be solved through global coop These are nuclear war, climate change and tech disruption no nation can regulate decides An AI or biotech arms race guarantees the worst outcome. the loser will be humanity The only thing that ca... | The second thing to note about this vision of friendly fortresses is that it has been tried—and it failed spectacularly. All attempts to divide the world into clear-cut nations have so far resulted in war and genocide. When the heirs of Garibaldi, Mazzini and Mickiewicz managed to overthrow the multi-ethnic Habsburg Em... | 6,230 | <h4>LIO solves nuclear war, climate change and tech disruption – <u>all</u> existential</h4><p><strong>Harari 18</strong>, Professor of History at Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Yuval Noah, “We need a post-liberal order now,” The Economist, https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/09/26/we-need-a-post-liberal-order-... | 1NC GBX R1 | 4 | null | 3,705 | 893 | 145,989 | ./documents/hspolicy22/WinstonChurchill/StHu/WinstonChurchill-StHu-Neg-Glenbrooks-Speech-and-Debate-Tournament-Round-1.docx | 947,735 | N | Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 1 | Mamaroneck TM | David Griffith | 1AC - AI Subs
1NC - Deterrence DA, Ukraine CP, Hotlines CP, Democracy QPQ,
2NR - Ukraine CP | hspolicy22/WinstonChurchill/StHu/WinstonChurchill-StHu-Neg-Glenbrooks-Speech-and-Debate-Tournament-Round-1.docx | 2022-11-20 15:38:13 | 80,896 | StHu | Winston Churchill StHu | churchillhsdebate@gmail.com | Na..... | St..... | Le..... | Hu..... | 26,658 | WinstonChurchill | Winston Churchill | TX | null | 2,002 | hspolicy22 | HS Policy 2022-23 | 2,022 | cx | hs | 2 |
4,738,381 | Scenario 1 - Continued economic crisis in Africa guarantees state collapse, war, and terrorism | Burke 21 | Jason Burke 21 {Africa correspondent} - ("‘An economic calamity’: Africa faces years of post-Covid instability," Guardian, published 8-1-2021, accessed 12-14-2022, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/13/an-economic-calamity-africa-faces-years-of-post-covid-instability)//marlborough-wr/ | Analysts and experts are warning of many years of instability across Africa, possibly leading to wars and political upheavals, as the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic deepens across the continent.
many of the likely consequences are yet to become evident, recent unrest in southern Africa, increased extremist vi... | many years of instabilit leading to wars and political upheavals, as the economic impact of Covid deepens
many consequences are yet to become evident
Covid hit Africa harder than any other recent global crisis
global economy will grow 6% African economy only 3.2%. Inflation is soaring
economic damage make it harder for... | Analysts and experts are warning of many years of instability across Africa, possibly leading to wars and political upheavals, as the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic deepens across the continent.
Though many of the likely consequences are yet to become evident, recent unrest in southern Africa, increased extre... | 7,543 | <h4>Scenario 1 - Continued economic crisis in Africa guarantees <u>state collapse, war,</u> and <u>terrorism</h4><p></u>Jason <strong>Burke 21<u></strong> {Africa correspondent} - ("‘An economic calamity’: Africa faces years of post-Covid instability," Guardian, published 8-1-2021, accessed 12-14-2022, https://www.theg... | AC | null | Econ | 1,621,452 | 209 | 165,574 | ./documents/hsld22/Marlborough/AbMe/Marlborough-AbMe-Aff-USC-Trojan-Invitational-Octas.docx | 984,514 | A | USC Trojan Invitational | Octas | Harvard Westlake WL | Panel - Flores, Bistagne, Reese | ac - africa
nc - t citizenship, terror pic, pop da, case
1ar - all
nr - t
2ar - all | hsld22/Marlborough/AbMe/Marlborough-AbMe-Aff-USC-Trojan-Invitational-Octas.docx | 2023-02-26 23:01:40 | 80,328 | AbMe | Marlborough AbMe | null | Ab..... | Me..... | null | null | 26,925 | Marlborough | Marlborough | CA | null | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,735,079 | Prefer utilitarianism – the only ethical rubric is to maximize number of lives saved. | Greene 10 | Greene 10 (Joshua, Associate Professor of the Social Sciences Department of Psychology Harvard University, Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, “The Secret Joke of Kant’s Soul”, www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~lchang/material/Evolutionary/Developmental/Greene-KantSoul.pdf) | What turn-of-the-millennium science is telling us is that human moral judgment is not a pristine rational enterprise moral judgments are driven by a hodgepodge of emotional dispositions, which themselves were shaped by a hodgepodge of evolutionary forces, both biological and cultural Because of this, it is exceedingly ... | turn-of-the-millennium science is telling us moral judgment is not rational Because of this, it is unlikely there is any coherent theory that can accommodate intuitions Deontology, they will say, is about taking humanity seriously But this defines deontology in terms of values that are not deontological consequent... | What turn-of-the-millennium science is telling us is that human moral judgment is not a pristine rational enterprise, that our moral judgments are driven by a hodgepodge of emotional dispositions, which themselves were shaped by a hodgepodge of evolutionary forces, both biological and cultural. Because of this, it is e... | 6,160 | <h4>Prefer utilitarianism – the only ethical rubric is to maximize number of lives saved.</h4><p><strong>Greene 10</strong> (Joshua, Associate Professor of the Social Sciences Department of Psychology Harvard University, Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, “The Secret Joke of Kant’s Soul”, www.fed.c... | Grapevine R1 Wiki Doc | 2AC | Pan K | 10,110 | 1,812 | 86,807 | ./documents/hspolicy19/LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy/GuPo/Liberal%20Arts%20And%20Science%20Academy-Gu-Poe-Aff-Grapevine-Round1.docx | 715,219 | A | Grapevine | 1 | Brandeis OR | Tommy Snider | 1AC-Taiwan
1NC
-Pan K
-Alliance DA
-Appeasement DA
-Consult Japan CP
-Arms Control DA
2NC-Pan K and Case
1NR-Alliance DA
2NR-Pan K | hspolicy19/LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy/GuPo/Liberal%20Arts%20And%20Science%20Academy-Gu-Poe-Aff-Grapevine-Round1.docx | null | 60,987 | GuPo | Liberal Arts And Science Academy GuPo | null | Da..... | Gu..... | Ia..... | Po..... | 21,284 | LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy | Liberal Arts And Science Academy | TX | null | 1,018 | hspolicy19 | HS Policy 2019-20 | 2,019 | cx | hs | 2 |
464,427 | Decline causes war | Kemp 10 | Kemp 10
Geoffrey Kemp, Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle Ea... | The world economic situation weakens rather than strengthens, and India, China, and Japan suffer a major reduction in their growth rates energy demand falls leading to a financial crisis political unrest: and nurtures different radical groups internal stability of some countries is challenged collapse of the democratic... | The economic situation weakens India, China, and Japan suffer major reduction in growth rates energy demand falls leading to financial crisis political unrest: nurtures radical groups internal stability is challenged collapse of Pakistan extremists take possession of nuclear weapons. danger of war between India and Pak... | The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the first scenario; everything that can go wrong does go wrong. The world economic situation weakens rather than strengthens, and India, China, and Japan suffer a major reduction in their growth rates, further weakening the global economy. As a result, en... | 1,642 | <h4><strong>Decline causes war </h4><p>Kemp 10</p><p></strong>Geoffrey Kemp, Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the Natio... | Neg | Shell | Shell | 8,992 | 377 | 5,970 | ./documents/openev/2013/JDI/Spending Disadvantage - JDI 2013.docx | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
2,886,460 | 1. Reductionism – empirics prove there’s no continuous personal identity | Parfit 84 | Parfit 84 [Derek. “Reasons and Persons” 1984 brackets for gender] // Lex KY | surgeons have cut fibres. The effect was ‘two separate spheres of consciousness. revealed by psychological tests. psychologists can thus present questions in the two halves of [their] visual field, and can receive two different answers | surgeons have cut fibres. The effect, was two separate spheres of consciousness. revealed by psychological tests psychologists can thus present questions in the two halves of [their] visual field, and can receive two different answers | Some recent medical cases provide striking evidence in favour of the Reductionist View. Human beings have a lower brain and two upper hemispheres, which are connected by a bundle of fibres. In treating a few people with severe epilepsy, surgeons have cut these fibres. The aim was to reduce the severity of epileptic fit... | 1,060 | <h4>1. Reductionism – empirics prove there’s no continuous personal identity</h4><p><strong>Parfit 84</strong> [Derek. “Reasons and Persons” 1984 brackets for gender] // Lex KY</p><p>Some recent medical cases provide striking evidence in favour of the Reductionist View. Human beings have a lower brain and two upper hem... | 2 | null | null | 330,821 | 543 | 92,561 | ./documents/hsld19/Lexington/Ya/Lexington-Yang-Neg-Emory-Round1.docx | 842,424 | N | Emory | 1 | Vestavia Hills RC | Jacob Nails | 1AC - Virilio
1NC - T fwk Util Bunkers CP Case turns
1AR - All
2NR - Bunkers CP Case turns
2AR - Virilio | hsld19/Lexington/Ya/Lexington-Yang-Neg-Emory-Round1.docx | null | 71,880 | KeYa | Lexington KeYa | null | Ke..... | Ya..... | null | null | 24,182 | Lexington | Lexington | MA | null | 1,027 | hsld19 | HS LD 2019-20 | 2,019 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,769,231 | Empirics disprove Chinese revisionism—defensive realism has more explanatory power | Jalil 19 | Jalil 19 - Research Fellow at the Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (Ghazala, http://issi.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/3-SS_Ghazala_Yasmin_Jalil_No-1_2019.pdf, EM) | since the 1970s China’s policies have shown less revisionist tendencies. The country has increasingly become a state that is embracing defensive realism. China has toned-down its revolutionary rhetoric. It is not supporting insurgencies since the late 1970s China has increasingly pursued a cooperative security approac... | China’s shown less revisionist tendencies China has toned-down revolutionary rhetoric increasingly pursued a cooperative approach with India Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan Russia and Vietnam China engaged the international community Asia has seen regional institutions APEC ARF and Summit. China is an active member in the ... | However, since the 1970s China’s policies have shown less revisionist tendencies. The country has increasingly become a state that is embracing defensive realism. One thread of this evidence is that China has toned-down its revolutionary rhetoric. It is also not supporting insurgencies in other countries. The second th... | 17,829 | <h4><u>Empirics</u> disprove Chinese revisionism—defensive realism has more explanatory power</h4><p><strong>Jalil</strong> <strong>19</strong> - Research Fellow at the Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (Ghazala, http://issi.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/3-SS_Ghazala_Yasmin_Jalil_No-1_2019.pdf<u>, EM)</p><p>... | 1ac – greenhill tournament | Taiwan War | null | 12,499 | 762 | 87,524 | ./documents/hspolicy19/MontgomeryBell/BaMe/Montgomery%20Bell-Barton-Meacham-Aff-Greenhill-Round3.docx | 717,150 | A | Greenhill | 3 | Lovejoy CL | Cameron Murdock | 1AC - Taiwan
2NR - Japan DA | hspolicy19/MontgomeryBell/BaMe/Montgomery%20Bell-Barton-Meacham-Aff-Greenhill-Round3.docx | null | 61,133 | BaMe | Montgomery Bell BaMe | null | Ad..... | Ba..... | Sa..... | Me..... | 21,322 | MontgomeryBell | Montgomery Bell | TN | null | 1,018 | hspolicy19 | HS Policy 2019-20 | 2,019 | cx | hs | 2 |
1,871,677 | Long periods of economic downturn causes global conflict | Liu 18. | Liu 18. Dr. Qian Liu, PhD in Economics from Uppsala University, Former Visiting Researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, Managing Director for Greater China at The Economist Group, Guest Lecturer at New York University, Tsinghua University, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Fudan University, “The ... | The next economic crisis is close But what you should really worry about is what comes after: in the current social, political, and technological landscape, a prolonged economic crisis, combined with rising income inequality, could well escalate into a major global military conflict The 2008-09 global financial crisis ... | in the social, political, and tech landscape prolonged crisis could escalate into global conflict 08 almost caused systemic collapse Policymakers pull the economy back from the brink, using massive stimulus like adrenaline to jump-start but does nothing to cure the disease a sick economy requires structural reforms, wh... | The next economic crisis is closer than you think. But what you should really worry about is what comes after: in the current social, political, and technological landscape, a prolonged economic crisis, combined with rising income inequality, could well escalate into a major global military conflict. The 2008-09 global... | 5,096 | <h4>Long periods of economic downturn causes global conflict </h4><p><strong>Liu 18. </strong>Dr. Qian Liu, PhD in Economics from Uppsala University, Former Visiting Researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, Managing Director for Greater China at The Economist Group, Guest Lecturer at New York University, ... | 1nc NDCA round two | Advantage 1 | 1NC – Turn | 1,596 | 1,133 | 55,126 | ./documents/hspolicy20/GlenbrookSouth/DrWa/Glenbrook%20South-Dressler-Wawrzyn-Neg-NDCA-Round2.docx | 729,686 | N | NDCA | 2 | Peninsula LL | Stephen Pipkin | 1ac - ECS
1nc - T criminal CP Adv DA Reverse DOJ DA Infrastructure !T Dollar Heg Bad
2nr - DA Reverse DOJ !T Dollar Heg Bad | hspolicy20/GlenbrookSouth/DrWa/Glenbrook%20South-Dressler-Wawrzyn-Neg-NDCA-Round2.docx | null | 62,292 | DrWa | Glenbrook South DrWa | null | Ch..... | Dr..... | Ne..... | Wa..... | 21,622 | GlenbrookSouth | Glenbrook South | IL | null | 1,019 | hspolicy20 | HS Policy 2020-21 | 2,020 | cx | hs | 2 |
736,915 | Ethical decisions must be grounded in consequences | Isaac 02 | Isaac 02 | Ends, Means, and Politics”, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/ends-means-and-politics, Accessed 8-26-13, LKM)
To accomplish anything in the political world, one must attend to the means that are necessary to bring it about. an unyielding concern with moral goodness undercuts political responsibility It fails to se... | an unyielding concern with moral goodness undercuts political responsibility purity of one’s intention does not ensure the achievement of what one intends in a world of real violence and injustice, moral purity is is complicity in injustice politics is about the effects of action, rather than the motives of action Mora... | (Jeffrey, Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, “Ends, Means, and Politics”, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/ends-means-and-politics, Accessed 8-26-13, LKM)
Power is not a dirty word or an unfortunate feature of the world. It is the core of politics. Power... | 2,809 | <h4>Ethical decisions<strong> must be grounded in consequences</h4><p>Isaac 02</p><p></strong>(Jeffrey, Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, “<u>Ends, Means, and Politics”, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/ends-means-and-politics, Accessed 8-26-13, LKM)</p... | A2: Georgia Teams | Off Case | 2AC A2: Security | 26,721 | 1,533 | 16,776 | ./documents/ndtceda15/GeorgeMason/KaKw/George%20Mason-Kaye-Kwon-Aff-Navy-Quarters.docx | 580,610 | A | Navy | Quarters | UGA BR | Morris, Revelins, Ryan | 1AC- Containment and A2AD
1NC- Criminal Justice Politics Security K UAE Prolif In and Out Carriers CP--- Case had ISIS good
2NC- Case w ISIS Good
1NR- UAE Prolif
2NR- Prolif and Case | ndtceda15/GeorgeMason/KaKw/George%20Mason-Kaye-Kwon-Aff-Navy-Quarters.docx | null | 49,675 | KaKw | George Mason KaKw | null | Ri..... | Ka..... | Yo..... | Kw..... | 18,944 | GeorgeMason | George Mason | null | null | 1,005 | ndtceda15 | NDT/CEDA 2015-16 | 2,015 | cx | college | 2 |
3,804,855 | Should expresses an obligation | Nieto 2009 | Nieto 2009 – Judge Henry Nieto, Colorado Court of Appeals, 8-20-2009 People v. Munoz, 240 P.3d 311 (Colo. Ct. App. 2009) | Should" is "used . . . to express obligation as synonymous with must | Should" is "used . . . to express obligation as synonymous with must | "Should" is "used . . . to express duty, obligation, propriety, or expediency." Webster's Third New International Dictionary 2104 (2002). Courts [**15] interpreting the word in various contexts have drawn conflicting conclusions, although the weight of authority appears to favor interpreting "should" in an imperative,... | 2,537 | <h4>Should expresses an obligation</h4><p><strong><mark>Nieto 2009</strong></mark> – Judge Henry Nieto, Colorado Court of Appeals, 8-20-2009 People v. Munoz, 240 P.3d 311 (Colo. Ct. App. 2009)</p><p>"<u><strong><mark>Should" is "used . . . to express</u></strong></mark> duty, <u><strong><mark>obligation</u></strong></m... | 1NC | null | 1 | 1,189 | 1,065 | 126,673 | ./documents/hspolicy16/LiberalArtsAndScience/MaSe/Liberal%20Arts%20And%20Science-MarriottVoss-Serrins-Neg-UT-Round4.docx | 661,685 | N | UT | 4 | LRC JJ | Robert Montero | 1AC - Bow Advocacy NEW version
1NC - T-USFG - Bhambra K - case
2NC - T
1NR - case
2NR - T | hspolicy16/LiberalArtsAndScience/MaSe/Liberal%20Arts%20And%20Science-MarriottVoss-Serrins-Neg-UT-Round4.docx | null | 56,095 | MaSe | Liberal Arts And Science MaSe | null | Ma..... | Ma..... | Ez..... | Se..... | 20,180 | LiberalArtsAndScience | Liberal Arts And Science | null | null | 1,015 | hspolicy16 | HS Policy 2016-17 | 2,016 | cx | hs | 2 |
3,091,111 | It's reverse causal---restrictions in this area build both capacity AND will to reassert Congressional powers. | Scarry 14, | Elaine Scarry 14, Harvard professor, Thermonuclear Monarchy, 32. | once Congress was stripped of its responsibility for overseeing war as atomic weapons it was, infantilized Deprived of its most weighty burden it lost the very work that had given it its gravity as an institution their capacity to deliberate about military and nonmilitary matters gradually deteriorated as did their sen... | once Congress was stripped of overseeing atomic weapons it was infantilized Deprived of its most weighty burden it lost its gravity their capacity deteriorated as did their sense of obligation book after book describ Congress as “dysfunctional” or “dead.” Once Congress regains authority however it will travel back alon... | Second, once Congress was stripped of its responsibility for overseeing war – as happened the moment atomic weapons were invented – it was, in effect, infantilized. Deprived of its most weighty and arduous burden, it lost the very work that had given it its gravity as an institution. Though its members still convened i... | 1,388 | <h4>It's reverse causal---restrictions in <u>this area</u> build both <u>capacity</u> AND <u>will</u> to reassert Congressional powers. </h4><p>Elaine <strong>Scarry 14,</strong> Harvard professor, Thermonuclear Monarchy, 32. </p><p>Second, <u><mark>once Congress was stripped of </mark>its responsibility for <mark>over... | null | Full Text | Congress ADV | 88,194 | 210 | 100,814 | ./documents/ndtceda18/Kentucky/HaRi/Kentucky-Hackman-Rivas-Aff-Clay-Round2.docx | 605,238 | A | Clay | 2 | MSU JS | AKall | 1ac - nfu crisis stability congress
1nc - ICJ cp midterms ESR cp allied prolif da k
2nc - esr cp
1nr - midterms
2nr - esr midterms | ndtceda18/Kentucky/HaRi/Kentucky-Hackman-Rivas-Aff-Clay-Round2.docx | null | 51,421 | HaRi | Kentucky HaRi | null | Ge..... | Ha..... | Ja..... | Ri..... | 19,195 | Kentucky | Kentucky | null | null | 1,008 | ndtceda18 | NDT/CEDA 2018-19 | 2,018 | cx | college | 2 |
4,203,014 | No NC3 hacking. | Futter ’16 | Futter ’16 [Andrew; 2016; International Politics Professor at the University of Leicester; “War Games Redux? Cyberthreats, US–Russian Strategic Stability, and New Challenges for Nuclear Security and Arms Control,” European Security 25(2), p. 171-172] | It is highly unlikely that either the USA or Russia has plans – or perhaps more importantly, the desire – to undermine the other’s nuclear c and c systems the growing possibility of “cyber disablement” should not be overstated (notions of a “cyber-Pearl Harbor” or “cyber 9–11” have done little to help understand the na... | It is highly unlikely either US or Russia has plans – or desire – to undermine other’s c and c growing possibility cyber should not be overstated (notions of a Pearl Harbor have done little to help understand
nuclear and c and c infrastructure are the best protected of all and “air gapped” from the Internet | It is of course highly unlikely that either the USA or Russia has plans – or perhaps more importantly, the desire – to fully undermine the other’s nuclear command and control systems as a precursor to some type of disarming first strike, but the perception that nuclear forces and associated systems could be vulnerable ... | 3,758 | <h4>No NC3 hacking.</h4><p><strong>Futter ’16</strong> [Andrew; 2016; International Politics Professor at the University of Leicester; “War Games Redux? Cyberthreats, US–Russian Strategic Stability, and New Challenges for Nuclear Security and Arms Control,” European Security 25(2), p. 171-172]</p><p><u><mark>It is</u><... | null | Case | Adv 1 | 972 | 309 | 144,367 | ./documents/hspolicy22/MontgomeryBellAcademy/BaAs/MontgomeryBellAcademy-BaAs-Neg-University-of-Michigan-HS-Debate-Tournament-Round-4.docx | 942,553 | N | University of Michigan HS Debate Tournament | 4 | Walter Payton HD | Skoulikaris | 1ac - ocos
2nr - security k | hspolicy22/MontgomeryBellAcademy/BaAs/MontgomeryBellAcademy-BaAs-Neg-University-of-Michigan-HS-Debate-Tournament-Round-4.docx | 2022-11-05 17:22:02 | 81,382 | BaAs | Montgomery Bell Academy BaAs | null | Al..... | Ba..... | Pa..... | As..... | 26,573 | MontgomeryBellAcademy | Montgomery Bell Academy | TN | 2,969 | 2,002 | hspolicy22 | HS Policy 2022-23 | 2,022 | cx | hs | 2 |
4,528,271 | Bare plurals imply a generic “rules reading” in the context of moral statements | Cohen 1 | Cohen 1 — (Ariel Cohen, Professor of Linguistics @ Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PhD Computational Linguistics from Carnegie Mellon University, “On the Generic Use of Indefinite Singulars”. Journal of Semantics 18: 183-209, Oxford University Press, 2001, accessed 12-7-20, HKR-AM) **BP = bare plurals | According to the rules and regulations view generic sentences do not get their truth or falsity as a consequence of properties of individual instances generic sentences are evaluated with regard to rules and regulations, which are basic, irreducible entities in the world Each generic sentence denotes a rule; if the rul... | generic sentences are evaluated with regard to rules Each generic denotes a rule; if the rule is in effect the sentence is true, The rule may be moral explicit rules
BP generics carry a normative force and require things be a certain way when used in the latter sense they ought to be analysed as referring to a rule the... | According to the rules and regulations view, on the other hand, generic sentences do not get their truth or falsity as a consequence of properties of individual instances. Instead, generic sentences are evaluated with regard to rules and regulations, which are basic, irreducible entities in the world. Each generic sent... | 2,946 | <h4>Bare plurals imply a generic “rules reading” in the context of <u>moral statements</h4><p></u><strong>Cohen 1 </strong>— (Ariel Cohen, Professor of Linguistics @ Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PhD Computational Linguistics from Carnegie Mellon University, “On the Generic Use of Indefinite Singulars”. Journal o... | 1NC v Los Altos AK – CPS R5 | T | null | 335,952 | 217 | 149,040 | ./documents/hsld22/Harker/SaYi/Harker-SaYi-Neg-CPS-LD-Invitational-Round-5.docx | 956,606 | N | CPS LD Invitational | 5 | Los Altos AK | Danielle Dosch | 1ac - turkey
1nc - t open borders, pandemics pic, populism da, case
1ar - all
2nr - case
2ar - same | hsld22/Harker/SaYi/Harker-SaYi-Neg-CPS-LD-Invitational-Round-5.docx | 2022-12-18 16:57:36 | 80,922 | SaYi | Harker SaYi | null | Sa..... | Yi..... | null | null | 26,565 | Harker | Harker | CA | null | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
1,164,581 | Biodiversity loss is not existential. | Halstead 19 | Dr. John Halstead 19, PhD, University of Oxford, researcher at Founders Pledge; citing Dr. Peter Kareiva, PhD in ecology and evolutionary biology, Cornell University, director of UCLA’s Institute of the Environment & Sustainability; also citing Valerie Carranza, PhD student in Kareiva’s lab, 5/1/2019, “Centre for the S... | explain the mechanism whereby biodiversity loss creates existential risk? And if biodiversity loss is an existential risk, how big a risk is it? Should 80k be getting people to go into conservation science or not?
during the Eocene period there were thousands fewer genera than today We made ~1% of species extinct, and ... | we have to continue current extinctions for 200 years to return to Eocene diversity why would the world be inhospitable if species in the Eocene were less numerous than humans and less capable of response
ev for ecosystem shifts is limited
Humanity will make adjustments | Can you explain what the mechanism is whereby biodiversity loss creates existential risk? And if biodiversity loss is an existential risk, how big a risk is it? Should 80k be getting people to go into conservation science or not?
There are independent reasons to think that the risk is negligible. Firstly, according to ... | 2,107 | <h4>Biodiversity loss is <u>not existential</u>. </h4><p>Dr. John <strong>Halstead 19</strong>, PhD, University of Oxford, researcher at Founders Pledge; citing Dr. Peter Kareiva, PhD in ecology and evolutionary biology, Cornell University, director of UCLA’s Institute of the Environment & Sustainability; also citing V... | 1NC | Water Advantage | 1NC---Water Advantage | 35,498 | 420 | 28,616 | ./documents/hspolicy21/MontgomeryBell/GrYo/Montgomery%20Bell-Green-Young-Neg-St%20Marks-Doubles.docx | 751,476 | N | St Marks | Doubles | Carrollton FP | Hunter McCollough David Griffith Kevin Sun | 1AC
WOTUS
2NR Bizzy | hspolicy21/MontgomeryBell/GrYo/Montgomery%20Bell-Green-Young-Neg-St%20Marks-Doubles.docx | null | 64,102 | GrYo | Montgomery Bell GrYo | null | Ma..... | Gr..... | Ja..... | Yo..... | 22,058 | MontgomeryBell | Montgomery Bell | TN | null | 1,020 | hspolicy21 | HS Policy 2021-22 | 2,021 | cx | hs | 2 |
1,693,667 | The United States federal government is made up of three branches in Washington D.C. | Dictionary of Government and Politics ’98 | Dictionary of Government and Politics ’98 (Ed. P.H. Collin, p. 292) | United States of America independent country federal government (based in Washington D.C.) is formed of a legislature (the Congress) with two chambers (the Senate and House of Representatives), an executive (the President) and a judiciary (the Supreme Court | United States federal government (based in Washington D.C.) is formed of a legislature an executive and a judiciary | United States of America (USA) [ju:’naitid ‘steits av e’merike] noun independent country, a federation of states (originally thirteen, now fifty in North America; the United States Code = book containing all the permanent laws of the USA, arranged in sections according to subject and revised from time to time COMMENT: ... | 683 | <h4><u>The United States federal government is made up of three branches in Washington D.C.</h4><p></u><strong>Dictionary of Government and Politics ’98</strong> (Ed. P.H. Collin, p. 292)</p><p><u><mark>United States</mark> of America</u> (USA) [ju:’naitid ‘steits av e’merike] noun <u>independent country</u>, a federat... | 1NC --- Quarters --- GMU IS | 1NC --- T --- USFG | null | 16,300 | 813 | 50,448 | ./documents/ndtceda20/JCCC/BaBa/JCCC-Babcock-Babcock-Neg-Northwestern-Quarters.docx | 618,618 | N | Northwestern | Quarters | GMU IS | Panel | 1ac- drag
1nc- cap fw
2nr- cap | ndtceda20/JCCC/BaBa/JCCC-Babcock-Babcock-Neg-Northwestern-Quarters.docx | null | 52,317 | BaBa | JCCC BaBa | null | Tr..... | Ba..... | Th..... | Ba..... | 19,327 | JCCC | JCCC | null | null | 1,010 | ndtceda20 | NDT/CEDA 2020-21 | 2,020 | cx | college | 2 |
2,469,047 | Expanded authoritarianism leads to great power war. | Diamond 19 | Diamond 19 --- PhD in Sociology, professor of Sociology and Political Science at Stanford University (Larry, “Ill Winds: Saving Democracy from Russian Rage, Chinese Ambition and American Complacency,” Kindle Edition) | The planet was not so lucky in the 1930s, when the global implosion of democracy led to a catastrophic world war, between a rising axis of emboldened dictatorships and a shaken and economically depressed collection of selfdoubting democracies These are the stakes Expanding democracy is a crucial foundation for world pe... | global implosion of democracy led to a catastrophic world war democracy is a crucial foundation for world peace and security erosion may reach a tipping point where democracy goes bankrupt plunging the world into depths of oppression and aggression not seen since World War II | In such a near future, my fellow experts would no longer talk of “democratic erosion.” We would be spiraling downward into a time of democratic despair, recalling Daniel Patrick Moynihan’s grim observation from the 1970s that liberal democracy “is where the world was, not where it is going.” 5 The world pulled out of t... | 1,394 | <h4>Expanded authoritarianism leads to <u>great power war</u>.</h4><p><strong>Diamond 19</strong> --- PhD in Sociology, professor of Sociology and Political Science at Stanford University (Larry, “Ill Winds: Saving Democracy from Russian Rage, Chinese Ambition and American Complacency,” Kindle Edition)</p><p>In such a ... | null | null | OFF | 1,613 | 472 | 80,277 | ./documents/ndtceda19/Emory/BuWe/Emory-Burgess-Wells-Neg-Georgetown-Round8.docx | 610,866 | N | Georgetown | 8 | HarvardMinnesota GR | Natalie Bennie | 1ac - coorbitals
2nr - japan da and case | ndtceda19/Emory/BuWe/Emory-Burgess-Wells-Neg-Georgetown-Round8.docx | null | 51,759 | BuWe | Emory BuWe | null | Li..... | Bu..... | Ma..... | We..... | 19,247 | Emory | Emory | null | null | 1,009 | ndtceda19 | NDT/CEDA 2019-20 | 2,019 | cx | college | 2 |
2,311,083 | LAWs decrease propensity for errors – reduces human induced mistakes. | Del Re '17 | Del Re '17 [Amanda; 1/6/17; Major in the US Army; advised and supervised by Tim Schultz, PhD in the History of Technology from Duke University, Associate Dean of Academics for Electives and Research at the US Naval War College; "Lethal Autonomous Weapons: Take the Human Out of the Loop," https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citat... | Humans are high-maintenance they require sleep, approximately 2000 calories fitness and the human brain needs periodic breaks These requirements are not easily obtained in a combat environment The fight-or-flight response changes involve increased heart rate and blood pressure and blood glucose levels, all physiologica... | Humans require sleep 2000 calories fitness breaks not easily obtained in combat changes involve heart rate blood pressure glucose all physiological factors that affect thought and judgment and undermine ability of human combatants to meet effectiveness and ethical standards demanded in war
unlike robot counterparts, hu... | Humans are high-maintenance. In a normal 24-hour period, they require eight hours of sleep, approximately 2000 calories of nutritious food, one hour of fitness-oriented physical activity, and the human brain needs periodic breaks throughout the waking hours.8 These requirements are not easily obtained in a combat envir... | 2,057 | <h4>LAWs decrease propensity for errors – reduces human induced mistakes.</h4><p><strong>Del Re '17 </strong>[Amanda; 1/6/17; Major in the US Army; advised and supervised by Tim Schultz, PhD in the History of Technology from Duke University, Associate Dean of Academics for Electives and Research at the US Naval War Col... | 1NC R2 HW-RR | null | 1NC – Militarism | 12,752 | 215 | 72,930 | ./documents/hsld20/Peninsula/Mo/Peninsula-Moon-Neg-Harvard-Westlake%20Round%20Robin-Round2.docx | 870,620 | N | Harvard-Westlake Round Robin | 2 | Greenhill KD | Andrew Overing, Jonathan Meza | 1AC
International Humanitarian Law
1NC
SoKo PIC
SGR-A1 DA
Terror DA
RON DA
T - Spec
2NR
Soko PIC
SGR-A1 DA | hsld20/Peninsula/Mo/Peninsula-Moon-Neg-Harvard-Westlake%20Round%20Robin-Round2.docx | null | 73,627 | RhMo | Peninsula RhMo | null | Rh..... | Mo..... | null | null | 24,672 | Peninsula | Peninsula | CA | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
2,152,646 | Nonvoters decisively hand Trump the election—polling, age demographics, approval ratings, meta-analysis break swing states for Trump – AND mail-in voting doesn’t skew left. | Panetta 3-20 DLuo | Panetta 3-20 (Grace Panetta, staff writer. 3/30/2020. “Trump baselessly claimed that expanding voting access would lead to a Republican never being elected in America again” https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-falsely-claims-expanding-voting-access-would-hurt-republicans-2020-3) DLuo | Trump explicitly said that congressional Republicans opposed expanding voting package because it would hurt them politically. Some, like GOP Congressman Thomas Massie, even argued the expanded voting access measures would be "the end of our Republic as we know it." Republicans shot down those measures specifically beca... | In the s quo, 38 states have some form of early voting Utah, still elect Republicans A 2019 meta-analysis in swing districts found the prevalent assumption non-voters back Dem s may not hold in 2020 because non-college educated voters back Trump. white, working-class voters likeliest to return could set back Dem s in b... | In a Monday morning interview on "Fox & Friends," President Donald Trump explicitly said that congressional Republicans opposed expanding voting access in the coronavirus stimulus package because it would hurt them politically. The stimulus package presented by the Democratic-controlled House of Representatives include... | 4,557 | <h4>Nonvoters <u>decisively</u> hand Trump the election—polling, age demographics, approval ratings, meta-analysis break swing states for Trump – AND mail-in voting doesn’t skew left. </h4><p><u><strong>Panetta 3-20 </u></strong>(Grace Panetta, staff writer. 3/30/2020. “Trump baselessly claimed that expanding voting ac... | DA | null | null | 895,988 | 187 | 65,321 | ./documents/hsld20/FlintridgePrep/Va/Flintridge%20Prep-Vandenburg-Neg-Loyola-Round5.docx | 858,575 | N | Loyola | 5 | Proof DR | Shikhar Srivastava | AC US
NC Cap K Can't Spec Democracy T Econ DA Blank Ballots Pic States CP
AR Econ DA | hsld20/FlintridgePrep/Va/Flintridge%20Prep-Vandenburg-Neg-Loyola-Round5.docx | null | 73,018 | ThVa | Flintridge Prep ThVa | null | Th..... | Va..... | null | null | 24,515 | FlintridgePrep | Flintridge Prep | CA | null | 1,028 | hsld20 | HS LD 2020-21 | 2,020 | ld | hs | 1 |
4,503,931 | The CP keeps and instills specific document requirements | LII No Date | LII No Date Legal Information Institute at Cornell Law School “8 U.S. Code § 1182 - Inadmissible alien” https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1182 //re-cut by Elmer | Health-related grounds Any alien communicable disease of public health significance (ii) except as provided in subparagraph (C), who seeks admission for permanent residence, and who has failed to present documentation of having received vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases, which shall include at least the ... | Any alien who has failed to present documentation of having received vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases recommended by the A C f I P is inadmissible | (1) Health-related grounds (A) In general Any alien— (i) who is determined (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services) to have a communicable disease of public health significance; [1] (ii) except as provided in subparagraph (C), who seeks admission as an immigrant, or who ... | 2,554 | <h4>The CP <u>keeps</u> and <u>instills</u> specific document requirements</h4><p><strong>LII No Date</strong> Legal Information Institute at Cornell Law School “8 U.S. Code § 1182 - Inadmissible alien” https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1182 //re-cut by Elmer </p><p>(1) <u>Health-related grounds </u>(A) In gene... | 1NC | 2 | null | 1,370,610 | 213 | 147,800 | ./documents/hsld22/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley/ShKa/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley-ShKa-Neg-Arizona-State-HDSHC-Invitational-Round-2.docx | 960,101 | N | Arizona State HDSHC Invitational | 2 | La Salle LA | Saul Munn | 1AC - Lay
1NC - Must Disclose Contact Information, Vaccine Requirements CP, Consult ICJ CP, Populism DA, Disease DA, Util NC, Case
1AR - Lay
2NR - Consult ICJ CP, Case
2AR - Lay | hsld22/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley/ShKa/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley-ShKa-Neg-Arizona-State-HDSHC-Invitational-Round-2.docx | 2023-01-07 16:32:58 | 80,576 | ShKa | BASIS Independent School Silicon Valley ShKa | Hi, I'm Shreyas (Kaps)
Email: thegr8sa@gmail.com
Phone: (408) -361-0878
Facebook: Shreyas Kaps | Sh..... | Ka..... | null | null | 26,911 | BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley | BASIS Independent School Silicon Valley | CA | 110,038 | 2,003 | hsld22 | HS LD 2022-23 | 2,022 | ld | hs | 1 |
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