id
int64
59
4.83M
tag
stringlengths
1
12.4k
cite
stringlengths
1
4.52k
fullcite
stringlengths
1
105k
summary
stringlengths
1
62.2k
spoken
stringlengths
1
35k
fulltext
stringlengths
4
388k
textLength
int64
4
388k
markup
stringlengths
35
397k
pocket
stringlengths
1
8k
hat
stringlengths
1
7.13k
block
stringlengths
1
16.2k
bucketId
int64
1
1.95M
duplicateCount
int64
1
5.63k
fileId
int64
1
172k
filePath
stringlengths
49
182
roundId
float64
565k
998k
side
stringclasses
2 values
tournament
stringlengths
1
95
round
stringclasses
56 values
opponent
stringlengths
1
65
judge
stringlengths
1
128
report
stringlengths
1
53.7k
opensourcePath
stringlengths
37
170
caselistUpdatedAt
stringlengths
19
19
teamId
float64
48.4k
86.5k
teamName
stringlengths
2
8
teamDisplayName
stringlengths
6
45
notes
stringclasses
631 values
debater1First
stringclasses
269 values
debater1Last
stringclasses
306 values
debater2First
stringclasses
224 values
debater2Last
stringclasses
259 values
schoolId
float64
18.7k
28.2k
schoolName
stringlengths
3
35
schoolDisplayName
stringlengths
3
40
state
stringclasses
49 values
chapterId
float64
23
114k
caselistId
float64
1k
2.01k
caselistName
stringclasses
40 values
caselistDisplayName
stringclasses
39 values
year
float64
2.01k
2.02k
event
stringclasses
3 values
level
stringclasses
2 values
teamSize
float64
1
2
3,033,340
Adaptation and intervening actors check warming.
FARQUHAR ET AL. 17
Sebastian FARQUHAR ET AL. 17, Project Manager at FHI responsible for external relations, M.A in Physics and Philosophy from the University of Oxford; John Halstead, Global Priorities Project; Owen Cotton-Barratt, Research Associate in the FHI at the University of Oxford, Lecturer in Mathematics at St. Hugh’s College, O...
The most likely levels of global warming are very unlikely to cause human extinction existential risks stem from tail risk climate change – the low probability of extreme warming Research has suggested that warming of 11-12°C would render the planet uninhabitable the timescales over which such changes might happen coul...
The most likely levels of warming are very unlikely to cause extinction existential risks stem from tail risk low probability extreme warming the timescales over which such changes happen mean humanity is able to adapt to avoid extinction in even very extreme scenarios the international community will face strong incen...
The most likely levels of global warming are very unlikely to cause human extinction.15 The existential risks of climate change instead stem from tail risk climate change – the low probability of extreme levels of warming – and interaction with other sources of risk. It is impossible to say with confidence at what poin...
2,795
<h4><u>Adaptation</u> and <u>intervening actors</u> check warming.</h4><p>Sebastian <strong>FARQUHAR ET AL. 17</strong>, Project Manager at FHI responsible for external relations, M.A in Physics and Philosophy from the University of Oxford; John Halstead, Global Priorities Project; Owen Cotton-Barratt, Research Associa...
1ar
Growth
AT: Warming
18,673
1,614
99,244
./documents/ndtceda18/Emory/JaAl/Emory-Jablonski-Allums-Aff-Northwestern-Round4.docx
602,955
A
Northwestern
4
Trinity DK
Yonter
1ac Auer 2nr Dedev
ndtceda18/Emory/JaAl/Emory-Jablonski-Allums-Aff-Northwestern-Round4.docx
null
51,289
JaAl
Emory JaAl
null
Be.....
Ja.....
Ka.....
Al.....
19,176
Emory
Emory
null
null
1,008
ndtceda18
NDT/CEDA 2018-19
2,018
cx
college
2
20,658
The problem is that we don’t fear enough. Debate around existential risks is key to civic engagement and academic research to develop risk mitigation strategies.
Javorsky 18
Javorsky 18 [Emilia, a Boston-based physician-scientist focused on the invention, development and commercialization of new medical therapies. She also leads an Artificial Intelligence in Medicine initiative with The Future Society at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. Why Human Extinction Needs a Marketing Depar...
Experts at Oxford and elsewhere have estimated that the risk of a global human extinction event is around 1 in 10 The most probable culprits are anthropogenic risks These include climate change, nuclear disaster, and more emerging risks such as artificial intelligence gone wrong (by accident or nefarious intent) and bi...
Experts at Oxford estimated the risk of extinction is 1 in 10. The most probable culprits include nuclear disaster artificial intelligence gone wrong and bioterrorism A big problem is lack of awareness about real threats we face When asked to estimate the chance of extinction adults reported 1 in 10 million awareness a...
Experts at Oxford University and elsewhere have estimated that the risk of a global human extinction event this century—or at least of an event that wipes out 10 percent or more of the world’s population— is around 1 in 10. The most probable culprits sending us the way of the dinosaur are mostly anthropogenic risks, me...
1,609
<h4>The problem is that we don’t fear enough. Debate around existential risks is key to <u>civic engagement</u> and <u>academic research</u> to develop risk mitigation strategies.</h4><p><strong>Javorsky 18 </strong>[Emilia, a Boston-based physician-scientist focused on the invention, development and commercialization ...
Resilience Aff: Security K Ans
Security Good
2AC AT Fear
15,757
473
375
./documents/hspolicy22/Bandera/MeSa/Bandera-MeSa-Aff-All-Tournaments-All-Rounds.docx
986,276
A
All Tournaments
All
null
null
null
hspolicy22/Bandera/MeSa/Bandera-MeSa-Aff-All-Tournaments-All-Rounds.docx
2023-03-09 16:12:53
86,035
MeSa
Bandera MeSa
null
Ka.....
Me.....
El.....
Sa.....
28,126
Bandera
Bandera
TX
52,366
2,002
hspolicy22
HS Policy 2022-23
2,022
cx
hs
2
1,139,558
1 – Clash. A limited topic preserving competitive incentives encourages research and argument refinement over the season. External benefits are logically secondary to procedural ones, but maximizing clash using competitive incentives increases all of them.
Iverson ’9
Iverson ’9 [Joel; 2009; Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Montana, Ph.D in Communication from Arizona State University Relations at the University of Sydney; Debate Central, “Can Cutting Cards Carve into Our Personal Lives: An Analysis of Debate Research on Personal Advocacy,” https://debate.uvm...
debate provides preparation for participation in democracy argumentative agency which] involves the capacity to contextualize employ skills and strategies in social action debate can research conducted for competition is a catalyst and provide a greater depth of understanding Without the guidance of a debate topic, how...
debate provides preparation for argumentative agency the capacity to employ strategies in action research for competition is a catalyst and provide a depth of understanding Without topic, how many students would research mutilation in Africa, or U N sanctions on Iraq? competitive debate provides an impetus for to resea...
Mitchell (1998) provides a thorough examination of the pedagogical implication for academic debate. Although Mitchell acknowledges that debate provides preparation for participation in democracy, limiting debate to a laboratory where students practice their skill for future participation is criticized. Mitchell contend...
10,690
<h4><strong>1 – Clash. A <u>limited topic</u> preserving <u>competitive incentives</u> encourages research and argument refinement over the <u>season</u>. External benefits are logically <u>secondary</u> to procedural ones, but <u>maximizing clash</u> using <u>competitive incentives</u> <u>increases</u> all of them. </...
1NC
OFF
1
13,501
550
28,033
./documents/hspolicy21/Lowell/SaTs/Lowell-Satovsky-Tsan-Neg-1%20-%20Greenhill%20RR-Round5.docx
750,391
N
1 - Greenhill RR
5
BPS KZ
Allie Chase Jada Stinnett
1AC - Snake 1NC - T-USFG - Util K - Counter-Poem - Privatization - Bizcon - Newtonian Metaphysics K - Value Procedural - River Rights CP 2NR - T-USFG
hspolicy21/Lowell/SaTs/Lowell-Satovsky-Tsan-Neg-1%20-%20Greenhill%20RR-Round5.docx
null
64,016
SaTs
Lowell SaTs
null
Je.....
Sa.....
Ta.....
Ts.....
22,039
Lowell
Lowell
CA
null
1,020
hspolicy21
HS Policy 2021-22
2,021
cx
hs
2
3,037,130
Withdrawal from Paris will be decided in 2020---staying prevents extinction-level warming
Schlanger 17 –
Schlanger 17 – Zoë Schlanger, Environment Reporter for Quartz and Akshat Rathi, Science Journalist with Quartz, “It’s Official: Trump is Forcing the US to Turn its Back on the Paris Climate Agreement”, Quartz, https://qz.com/996376/trump-has-decided-to-pull-the-us-from-the-paris-climate-agreement/
Trump announced he’s decided to withdraw from Paris The US emits about one-sixth of the planet’s total greenhouse gas emissions, making it the second-largest emitter in the world. The decision removes the US from its commitments to international efforts to reduce fossil-fuel emissions and thereby avoid levels of global...
US emits one-sixth of emissions The decision removes US commitments to reduce and avoid levels of temperature rise that imperil viability of life on Earth Trump will abide by the agreement, the real question of whether the country stays in Paris may be decided in 2020 the election The pledge is symbolically important a...
Since Trump reportedly waffled up to the last moment on the Paris agreement decision, we decided to show you what almost could have been. Here’s our story, written both ways. US president Donald Trump announced today (June 1) he’s decided to withdraw the country from the Paris climate agreement. The US emits about one-...
3,158
<h4>Withdrawal from Paris will be <u>decided in 2020</u>---staying prevents <u>extinction-level</u> warming</h4><p><strong>Schlanger 17 –</strong> Zoë Schlanger, Environment Reporter for Quartz and Akshat Rathi, Science Journalist with Quartz, “It’s Official: Trump is Forcing the US to Turn its Back on the Paris Climat...
1NC -- Harvard CM
Off
1NC---2020 DA
54,456
385
99,581
./documents/ndtceda18/GeorgeMason/AhHo/George%20Mason-Ahmed-Howley-Neg-Georgetown-Octas.docx
603,403
N
Georgetown
Octas
Harvard CM
Buntin, Knez, Klarman
1AC- NFU Ambguity Noko IndoPak 1NC- ESR 2020 TNWs CP Prolif 2NR- TNWs Ambguity Good
ndtceda18/GeorgeMason/AhHo/George%20Mason-Ahmed-Howley-Neg-Georgetown-Octas.docx
null
51,320
AhHo
George Mason AhHo
null
Ha.....
Ah.....
Sh.....
Ho.....
19,182
GeorgeMason
George Mason
null
null
1,008
ndtceda18
NDT/CEDA 2018-19
2,018
cx
college
2
2,897,799
Only Russia war causes extinction – regional nuclear wars don’t
Cotton-Barratt 17
Cotton-Barratt 17 [Owen Cotton-Barratt, et al, PhD in Pure Mathematics, Oxford, Lecturer in Mathematics at Oxford, Research Associate at the Future of Humanity Institute, 2/3/2017, Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf]
even in an all-out nuclear war between the U S and Russia neither country’s population is likely to be completely destroyed by the direct effects of the blast The aftermath could be much worse burning flammable materials could send massive amounts of smoke into the atmosphere a nuclear winter an all-out exchange of 4,0...
nuclear war between the U S and Russia aftermath could be much worse burning send smoke into the atmosphere 4,000 weapons making it impossible to grow food threat of extinction would be great exchange is only possible between the US and Russia who have 90% of the world’s weapons regional nuclear war are unlikely to lea...
The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki demonstrated the unprecedented destructive power of nuclear weapons. However, even in an all-out nuclear war between the United States and Russia, despite horrific casualties, neither country’s population is likely to be completely destroyed by the direct effects of the blast, fir...
2,526
<h4>Only Russia war causes <u>extinction</u> – <u>regional</u> nuclear wars <u>don’t</h4><p></u><strong>Cotton-Barratt 17</strong> [Owen Cotton-Barratt, et al, PhD in Pure Mathematics, Oxford, Lecturer in Mathematics at Oxford, Research Associate at the Future of Humanity Institute, 2/3/2017, Existential Risk: Diplomac...
null
Advantage
null
46
1,991
92,874
./documents/hsld19/Loyola/Pr/Loyola-Pribe-Aff-Strake%20Online-Round1.docx
843,305
A
Strake Online
1
Wakanda AP
Elijah Pitt
1AC - ICBM VRussia V2 NC - Antiblackness K 1AR - Covered 2NR - Antiblackness K 2AR - Covered
hsld19/Loyola/Pr/Loyola-Pribe-Aff-Strake%20Online-Round1.docx
null
71,961
AnPr
Loyola AnPr
null
An.....
Pr.....
null
null
24,196
Loyola
Loyola
CA
null
1,027
hsld19
HS LD 2019-20
2,019
ld
hs
1
4,408,156
Spoilers will ruin the process.
Basu ’5-18
Basu ’5-18 — Zachary; national security reporter at Axios. "Strongmen spoilers in Turkey and Hungary threaten Western unity"; Axios; https://www.axios.com/2022/05/18/turkey- NATO-finland-sweden-hungary-russia; //CYang
Erdoğan employing hostage-taking also practiced by Hungary which singlehandedly blocking European from imposing embargo on Russian oil outsized influence of single-member states in NATO undermining the united front leaders have touted as key to effectively responding Erdoğan believes he's free to do whatever he wants h...
Erdoğan employing hostage-taking influence of single states undermin united front Erdoğan do whatever he wants hard to stand up given role Turkey is playing stunt set precedent other NATO leaders seek bribes in crisis Hungary's spoiler used veto to prevent banning Russian oil neutralizing landmark decision
Why it matters: Critics have accused Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of employing a "hostage-taking" tactic also practiced by Hungary, which for weeks has been singlehandedly blocking the European Union from imposing an embargo on Russian oil. The outsized influence of single-member states in the EU and NATO has...
2,633
<h4>Spoilers will <u>ruin</u> the process.</h4><p><strong>Basu ’5-18</strong> — Zachary; national security reporter at Axios. "Strongmen spoilers in Turkey and Hungary threaten Western unity"; Axios; https://www.axios.com/2022/05/18/turkey- NATO-finland-sweden-hungary-russia; //CYang</p><p>Why it matters: Critics have ...
1NC
Solvency
1NC---Solvency---Always
7,271
506
144,883
./documents/hspolicy22/NilesNorth/BuSi/NilesNorth-BuSi-Neg-University-of-Michigan-HS-Debate-Tournament-Round-2.docx
942,132
N
University of Michigan HS Debate Tournament
2
Glenbrook South JY
Cameron
1AC---Space Assets 1NC---DOS CP, EU CP, DOD DA
hspolicy22/NilesNorth/BuSi/NilesNorth-BuSi-Neg-University-of-Michigan-HS-Debate-Tournament-Round-2.docx
2022-11-16 03:09:17
80,003
BuSi
Niles North BuSi
alex 1A/2N- she/they mustafa 2A/1N - he/him email chain: nilesnorthbs1@gmail.com AND nilesnorthdocs@gmail.com
Al.....
Bu.....
Mu.....
Si.....
26,556
NilesNorth
Niles North
IL
null
2,002
hspolicy22
HS Policy 2022-23
2,022
cx
hs
2
4,738,810
Empirics prove – opening borders is the strongest driver of a global movement towards populism
Dion 19
Stéphane Dion 19 {Special Envoy of Canada’s Prime Minister to the European Union and Europe, and Ambassador of Canada to Germany} - ("“Cultural insecurity as the main root cause of populism”," GAC, published 11-8-2019, accessed 12-15-2022, https://www.international.gc.ca/country_news-pays_nouvelles/2019-10-08-germany-a...
the most prevalent variant of populism is the right-wing one, and its main driver is ethno cultural anxiety linked to the fear of uncontrolled migration. Cultural backlash against immigration is, by far, the main predictor of right-wing populist vote. Much more than economic anxiety or distress, populism’s appeal is co...
populism main driver is fear of uncontrolled migration Cultural backlash is by far, the main predictor Much more than economic distress supporters are hostile towards immigration Populists speak about migration as an existential threat to national culture Everywhere populism creates difficult arena for center-left stru...
However, the most prevalent variant of populism is the right-wing one, and its main driver is ethno cultural anxiety linked to the fear of uncontrolled migration. Cultural backlash against immigration is, by far, the main predictor of right-wing populist vote. Much more than economic anxiety or distress, populism’s app...
3,554
<h4>Empirics prove – opening borders is the <u>strongest driver</u> of a <u>global</u> movement towards populism</h4><p>Stéphane <strong>Dion 19<u></strong> {Special Envoy of Canada’s Prime Minister to the European Union and Europe, and Ambassador of Canada to Germany} - ("“Cultural insecurity as the main root cause of...
USC R5 NC
2
null
1,701,895
295
165,580
./documents/hsld22/Marlborough/KaMe/Marlborough-KaMe-Neg-USC-Trojan-Invitational-Round-5.docx
984,285
N
USC Trojan Invitational
5
Harvard-Westlake AW
Dosch
ac- rights and econ nc- cap k, populism da, case 1ar-all nr- k 2ar-k
hsld22/Marlborough/KaMe/Marlborough-KaMe-Neg-USC-Trojan-Invitational-Round-5.docx
2023-02-26 16:49:12
80,324
KaMe
Marlborough KaMe
null
Ka.....
Me.....
null
null
26,925
Marlborough
Marlborough
CA
null
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
4,416,774
3 — Social Psychology: Neurological, racial bias is flexible and determined by coalitional habit forming in the brain – orienting groups around institutional change best breaks down bias. This is offense because their theory rejects these solutions.
Cikara and Van Bavel 15
Cikara and Van Bavel 15. (Mina Cikara is an Assistant Professor of Psychology and Director of the Intergroup Neuroscience Lab at Harvard University. Her research examines the conditions under which groups and individuals are denied social value, agency, and empathy. Jay Van Bavel is an Assistant Professor of Psychology...
Institutional and systemic racism reinforce discrimination in countless situations, including hiring, sentencing, housing, and even mortgage lending It would be easy to see in all this powerful evidence that racism is a permanent fixture in America’s social fabric and an inevitable aspect of human nature Extensive rese...
It would be easy to see evidence that racism is permanent and inevitable how people categorize themselves may be fundamental to prejudice coalition preferences trump race both Democrats and Republicans favor their party more than their race placing people on a mixed-race team can diminish automatic bias. belonging to a...
The city of Baltimore was rocked by protests and riots over the death of Freddie Gray, a 25-year-old African American man who died in police custody. Tragically, Gray’s death was only one of a recent in a series of racially-charged, often violent, incidents. On April 4th, Walter Scott was fatally shot by a police offic...
11,272
<h4>3 — Social Psychology: Neurological, racial bias is <u>flexible</u> and determined by <u>coalitional habit forming</u> in the brain – orienting groups around <u>institutional change</u> best <u>breaks down bias</u>. This is <u>offense</u> because their theory <u>rejects these solutions</u>.</h4><p><strong>Cikara an...
2AC
K — Antiblackness
1AC — Governance
9,178
612
145,082
./documents/hspolicy22/Peninsula/QiYa/Peninsula-QiYa-Aff-National-Speech-and-Debate-Season-Opener-Round-4.docx
935,946
A
National Speech and Debate Season Opener
4
Calvert Hall BS
Lawrence
1ac ssas 1nc t - article v k - antiblackness 2nr k - antiblackness
hspolicy22/Peninsula/QiYa/Peninsula-QiYa-Aff-National-Speech-and-Debate-Season-Opener-Round-4.docx
2022-10-15 23:52:44
79,346
QiYa
Peninsula QiYa
Arthur (he/him) Coralynn (she/her) peninsulaqy@gmail.com Please add natno@googlegroups.com to chains
Ar.....
Qi.....
Co.....
Ya.....
26,578
Peninsula
Peninsula
CA
null
2,002
hspolicy22
HS Policy 2022-23
2,022
cx
hs
2
2,494,969
“In” means “throughout”
Words and Phrases 8
Words and Phrases 8 (Permanent Edition, vol. 20a, p. 207)
the word “in” should be construed to mean “throughout” such counties. Reynolds v. Larkin, 14, p. 114, 117, 10 Colo. 126.
“in” should be construed to mean “throughout”
Colo. 1887. In the Act of 1861 providing that justices of the peace shall have jurisdiction “in” their respective counties to hear and determine all complaints, the word “in” should be construed to mean “throughout” such counties. Reynolds v. Larkin, 14, p. 114, 117, 10 Colo. 126.
283
<h4>“In” means “throughout”</h4><p><strong>Words and Phrases 8</strong> (Permanent Edition, vol. 20a, p. 207)</p><p>Colo. 1887. In the Act of 1861 providing that justices of the peace shall have jurisdiction “in” their respective counties to hear and determine all complaints, <u><strong>the word <mark>“in” should be c...
1NC
OFF
1NC Off Case Shell
18,032
415
80,825
./documents/ndtceda19/Georgia/AdWe/Georgia-Adam-Weintraub-Neg-Navy-Round6.docx
611,707
N
Navy
6
Emory PZ
Hall
1AC Debris 1NC T Subsets T ADR Unilat CP Hardening CP Politics Appeasement Turn 2NR T Subsets
ndtceda19/Georgia/AdWe/Georgia-Adam-Weintraub-Neg-Navy-Round6.docx
null
51,830
AdWe
Georgia AdWe
null
Za.....
Ad.....
Jo.....
We.....
19,254
Georgia
Georgia
null
null
1,009
ndtceda19
NDT/CEDA 2019-20
2,019
cx
college
2
3,024,481
No pandemic extinction—burnout
FARQUHAR ET AL. 17
Sebastian FARQUHAR ET AL. 17, Project Manager at FHI responsible for external relations, M.A in Physics and Philosophy from the University of Oxford; John Halstead, Global Priorities Project; Owen Cotton-Barratt, Research Associate in the FHI at the University of Oxford, Lecturer in Mathematics at St. Hugh’s College, O...
there are reasons to believe natural pandemics are very unlikely to cause extinction. Analysis of the IUCN database has shown that of the 833 recorded plant and animal species extinctions known to have occurred since 1500, less than 4% were ascribed to infectious disease None on this list were globally dispersed, and o...
pandemics are very unlikely to cause extinction of the 833 recorded extinctions less than 4% were ascribed to disease None were globally dispersed, and other factors contributed our own species, which is numerous, globally dispersed, and capable of response is unlikely to be killed off lethal pathogens kill their hosts...
For most of human history, natural pandemics have posed the greatest risk of mass global fatalities.37 However, there are some reasons to believe that natural pandemics are very unlikely to cause human extinction. Analysis of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list database has shown that of ...
1,121
<h4>No pandemic extinction—burnout</h4><p>Sebastian <strong>FARQUHAR ET AL. 17</strong>, Project Manager at FHI responsible for external relations, M.A in Physics and Philosophy from the University of Oxford; John Halstead, Global Priorities Project; Owen Cotton-Barratt, Research Associate in the FHI at the University ...
null
OFF
ACA---Disease
2,356
2,146
99,208
./documents/ndtceda18/Emory/GaSh/Emory-Gazmararian-Shaikh-Aff-Gonzaga-Semis.docx
602,866
A
Gonzaga
Semis
Georgia AR
DML, Amar Adam, Maggie Solice
1AC - Tariffs 2NR - ESR and Midterms
ndtceda18/Emory/GaSh/Emory-Gazmararian-Shaikh-Aff-Gonzaga-Semis.docx
null
51,287
GaSh
Emory GaSh
null
Al.....
Ga.....
Za.....
Sh.....
19,176
Emory
Emory
null
null
1,008
ndtceda18
NDT/CEDA 2018-19
2,018
cx
college
2
2,169,814
No global sprint or arms race – aff claims overexaggerate normal military behavior and ignore actual spending.
Perry and Scharre '20
Perry and Scharre '20 [Lucas and Paul; 3/16/20; Project Coordinator at the Future of Life Institute; Senior Fellow and Director of the Technology and National Security Program at the Center for a New American Security; "AI Alignment Podcast: On Lethal Autonomous Weapons with Paul Scharre," https://futureoflife.org/2020...
It’s worth asking, when we say arms race, what do we mean and why do we care? This is again, one of these terms, it’s often thrown around. You’ll hear about this, the concept of autonomous weapons or AI, people say we shouldn’t have an arms race. Okay. Why is an arms race a bad thing? Militaries normally invest in new ...
when we say arms race, what do we mean why do we care it’s thrown around. You’ll hear the concept of autonomous weapons or AI Why is an arms race a bad thing? Militaries normally invest in new tech to improve their defense This is an area where certainly we’re not in an arms race look at actual expenditures, they’re a ...
It’s worth also asking, when we say arms race, what do we mean and why do we care? This is again, one of these terms, it’s often thrown around. You’ll hear about this, the concept of autonomous weapons or AI, people say we shouldn’t have an arms race. Okay. Why? Why is an arms race a bad thing? Militaries normally inve...
2,135
<h4>No global sprint or arms race – aff claims overexaggerate normal military behavior and ignore actual spending. </h4><p><strong>Perry and Scharre '20 </strong>[Lucas and Paul; 3/16/20; Project Coordinator at the Future of Life Institute; Senior Fellow and Director of the Technology and National Security Program at t...
null
Case
NC – AT: Arms Race
3,307
398
66,186
./documents/hsld20/Harker/Sh/Harker-Shah-Neg-Harvard%20Westlake%20RR-Round3.docx
859,716
N
Harvard Westlake RR
3
Rancho Bernardo JJ
Jacob Nails, Joshua Michael
1AC - China 1NC - CP-Tort T-Nebel 2NR - Tort
hsld20/Harker/Sh/Harker-Shah-Neg-Harvard%20Westlake%20RR-Round3.docx
null
73,080
DeSh
Harker DeSh
null
De.....
Sh.....
null
null
24,534
Harker
Harker
CA
null
1,028
hsld20
HS LD 2020-21
2,020
ld
hs
1
3,044,072
No food wars ― no causal evidence and government responses solve the impact
Rosegrant 13
Mark W. Rosegrant 13, Director of the Environment and Production Technology Division at the International Food Policy Research Institute, et al., 2013, “The Future of the Global Food Economy: Scenarios for Supply, Demand, and Prices,” in Food Security and Sociopolitical Stability, p. 39-40
food price spikes in the late 2000s coincided with street demonstrations and riots Violent protests occurred in 21 countries many factors could be causing or contributing to these protests, such as government response tactics, rather than the initial food price spike higher food prices lead to income declines and an in...
food spikes coincided with riots higher prices lead to instability only for poor countries when governments mitigate the impact the apparent relationship between food and war disappears protests serve as a motivation for policy rather than a prelude to violent demonstrations or war linkage connecting food to conflict i...
The food price spikes in the late 2000s caught the world’s attention, particularly when sharp increases in food and fuel prices in 2008 coincided with street demonstrations and riots in many countries. For 2008 and the two preceding years, researchers identified a significant number of countries (totaling 54) with prot...
4,155
<h4>No food wars ― no causal evidence and government responses solve the impact </h4><p>Mark W. <strong>Rosegrant 13</strong>, Director of the Environment and Production Technology Division at the International Food Policy Research Institute, et al., 2013, “The Future of the Global Food Economy: Scenarios for Supply, D...
1NC
null
1NC ― Economy
24,150
415
99,790
./documents/ndtceda18/Georgia/HoHa/Georgia-Hoover-Haskins-Neg-Georgetown-Round3.docx
604,010
N
Georgetown
3
Harvard BS
Hannah Call
1AC - China Tariffs 1NC - Cap K ESR CP T - Prohibit Lashout DA Politics DA 2NC - T ESR 1NR - Politics DA 2NR - T
ndtceda18/Georgia/HoHa/Georgia-Hoover-Haskins-Neg-Georgetown-Round3.docx
null
51,343
HoHa
Georgia HoHa
null
Al.....
Ho.....
Tr.....
Ha.....
19,184
Georgia
Georgia
null
null
1,008
ndtceda18
NDT/CEDA 2018-19
2,018
cx
college
2
700,680
1 – Environmental effects and global dead hand – either is triggered by one weapon and guarantees extinction
Webber 5/28
Webber 5/28/19 [Dr Philip Webber has written widely on nuclear issues and is Chair of Scientists for Global Responsibility (SGR) – a membership organisation promoting responsible science and technology. We will all end up killing each other and one nuclear blast could do it. May 18, 2019. https://metro.co.uk/2019/05/18...
The nuclear armed nations have inadvertently created a global Doomsday machine with 15,000 nuclear weapons Pre-programmed targets include main cities as well as military targets One nuclear blast could trigger it What just one nuclear warhead can do is unimaginable huge city-wide firestorms combined with high-altitude ...
nuclear nations inadvertently created a Doomsday machine with 15,000 nuc weapons Pre-programmed targets include main cities One nuclear blast could trigger it What just one warhead can do is unimaginable firestorms combined with high-altitude debris would reduce sunlight for a decade causing drought winter global famin...
The nuclear armed nations have inadvertently created a global Doomsday machine, built with 15,000 nuclear weapons. Most (93%) have been built by Russia and in the US, 3,100 of them are ready to fire within hours. Pre-programmed targets include main cities as well as a range of military and civilian targets across the w...
5,831
<h4>1 – <u>Environmental effects</u> and <u>global dead hand</u> – either is triggered by <u>one weapon</u> and <u>guarantees extinction</h4><p></u><strong>Webber 5/28</strong>/19 [Dr Philip Webber has written widely on nuclear issues and is Chair of Scientists for Global Responsibility (SGR) – a membership organisatio...
1AC – Cal – Harker MH
1AC – Miscalc
Contention 1 – Advantage
45,719
453
15,151
./documents/hsld19/Harker/Hu/Harker-Huynh-Aff-Berkeley-Round2.docx
838,780
A
Berkeley
2
Northland Christian AB
Amanda Yang
AC - Miscalculation NC - Reform CP Exascale DA Indo Pak PIC NR - Exascale DA
hsld19/Harker/Hu/Harker-Huynh-Aff-Berkeley-Round2.docx
null
71,655
MaHu
Harker MaHu
null
Ma.....
Hu.....
null
null
24,119
Harker
Harker
CA
null
1,027
hsld19
HS LD 2019-20
2,019
ld
hs
1
3,046,487
That causes global nuclear war
Henricksen 17
Thomas H. Henricksen 17, emeritus senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, 3/23/17, “Post-American World Order,” http://www.hoover.org/research/post-american-world-order
tensions stoked by assertive regimes could spark a political or military incident that might set off a chain reaction leading to a large-scale war The anomalous Cold War era spared nuclear exchange destroying the world. Such a repetition might reoccur in the unfolding geopolitical world by staying militarily and econom...
tensions stoked by assertive regimes could spark large-scale war Cold War spared nuclear exchange destroying the world repetition might reoccur by staying militarily and economically strong, the U S will deter major conflict the strategic chess match will prove tense since all countries boast nuclear arms
The tensions stoked by the assertive regimes in the Kremlin or Tiananmen Square could spark a political or military incident that might set off a chain reaction leading to a large-scale war. Historically, powerful rivalries nearly always lead to at least skirmishes, if not a full-blown war. The anomalous Cold War era s...
2,141
<h4>That causes global nuclear war </h4><p>Thomas H. <strong>Henricksen 17</strong>, emeritus senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, 3/23/17, “Post-American World Order,” http://www.hoover.org/research/post-american-world-order</p><p>The <u><mark>tensions stoked by</u></mark> the <u><mark>assertive regimes</u></mark>...
null
1-
null
1,405
555
99,648
./documents/ndtceda18/GeorgeMason/PeRu/George%20Mason-Pedersen-Ruiz-Neg-ADA%20Fall%20Championships-Round1.docx
603,601
N
ADA Fall Championships
1
Liberty CS
Jacob Bosley
1AC- NFU 1NC- ESR Lashout Farm Bill Prolif 2NR- Case Assurances
ndtceda18/GeorgeMason/PeRu/George%20Mason-Pedersen-Ruiz-Neg-ADA%20Fall%20Championships-Round1.docx
null
51,327
PeRu
George Mason PeRu
null
Sh.....
Pe.....
Se.....
Ru.....
19,182
GeorgeMason
George Mason
null
null
1,008
ndtceda18
NDT/CEDA 2018-19
2,018
cx
college
2
2,787,559
Reduce refers to sweeping measures that establish qualitative or quantitative limits on weapon exports – that’s distinct from restrictions on specific states or types of weapons.
Pearson 88
Pearson 88 (Frederic S. Pearson, Prof. of Political Science and Fellow at the Center of International Studies @ University of Missouri-St Louis, Arms Transfer Limitations and Third World Security, ed. Thomas Ohlson, SIPRI publication, pgs. 129-130)
suppliers have formulated positions on the management, restriction or reduction of arms transfers Arms trade management implies rules for reporting or licensing sales in specific circumstances Restriction of sales entails disapproval, banning or embargoes to specific states or classes of states or of specific types of ...
Restriction of sales entails disapproval, banning or embargoes to specific states or classes of states or of specific types of weapon. Reduction of transfers includes more sweeping measures, such as qualitative or quantitative limits or ceilings
Based on these general perspectives, second-tier suppliers have formulated both unilateral and multilateral positions on the management, restriction or reduction of Third World arms transfers. These are examined separately in order to assess the restraints most likely to be adopted in the future. Arms trade management,...
1,080
<h4>Reduce refers to sweeping measures that establish qualitative or quantitative limits on weapon exports – that’s distinct from <u>restrictions</u> on specific states or types of weapons.</h4><p><strong>Pearson 88</strong> (Frederic S. Pearson, Prof. of Political Science and Fellow at the Center of International Stud...
Open source – Damus Round 2 Neg
1NC
1NC – T
68,961
892
88,288
./documents/hspolicy19/Peninsula/RhSr/Peninsula-Rhoades-Sridevan-Neg-Damus-Round2.docx
719,329
N
Damus
2
Stockdale IP
Kalyani Allums
1AC Saudi 1NC T Pearson ASPEC T Future Offsets CP Defense Industrial Base DA 2NC ASPEC Defense Industrial Base DA 1NR Case 2NR ASPEC Defense Industrial base DA Defense
hspolicy19/Peninsula/RhSr/Peninsula-Rhoades-Sridevan-Neg-Damus-Round2.docx
null
61,357
RhSr
Peninsula RhSr
null
Lu.....
Rh.....
Sa.....
Sr.....
21,372
Peninsula
Peninsula
CA
null
1,018
hspolicy19
HS Policy 2019-20
2,019
cx
hs
2
2,813,675
Democratic collapse is an existential threat --- controls every impact
Kasparov 17
Kasparov 17 (Garry Kasparov, Chairman of the Human Rights Foundation, former World Chess Champion, “Democracy and Human Rights: The Case for U.S. Leadership,” Testimony Before The Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crime, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights, and Global Women's Issues of the U.S. S...
As countless millions were protected from totalitarianism by the United States it is easy for me to talk about the past That a nation founded on freedom was bound to defend freedom everywhere America led by example and set a high standard, a standard that exposed the hypocrisy and cruelty of dictatorships around the wo...
America led by example and exposed dictatorships Americans have retreated the world has become much worse off terror , war and ntervention results when America leaves a vacuum existential threat is very real Terrorist extremist parties North Korea nuclear blackmail, and aggressive Russia. are thriving as the U.S. has r...
As one of the countless millions of people who were freed or protected from totalitarianism by the United States of America, it is easy for me to talk about the past. To talk about the belief of the American people and their leaders that this country was exceptional, and had special responsibilities to match its tremen...
5,857
<h4>Democratic collapse is an existential threat --- controls every impact</h4><p><strong>Kasparov 17</strong> (Garry Kasparov, Chairman of the Human Rights Foundation, former World Chess Champion, “Democracy and Human Rights: The Case for U.S. Leadership,” Testimony Before The Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Trans...
null
Advantage 2 – War Powers
null
1,734
1,670
89,066
./documents/hspolicy19/TulsaUnion/WaMa/Tulsa%20Union-Watson-Martin-Aff-Jenks%20Classic-Finals.docx
721,686
A
Jenks Classic
Finals
Union MC
Kourti Cain, Micheal Haskins, Rylee Buchert
1AC- Saudi Arabia 1NC- Oil DA
hspolicy19/TulsaUnion/WaMa/Tulsa%20Union-Watson-Martin-Aff-Jenks%20Classic-Finals.docx
null
61,627
WaMa
Tulsa Union WaMa
null
Ja.....
Wa.....
Za.....
Ma.....
21,454
TulsaUnion
Tulsa Union
OK
null
1,018
hspolicy19
HS Policy 2019-20
2,019
cx
hs
2
2,147,927
Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning—they’re our most baseline desires and the only things that explain the intrinsic value of objects or actions
Moen 16
Moen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. SM
a widely shared judgment about intrinsic value is that pleasure is intrinsically valuable and pain is intrinsically disvaluable there is something undeniably good about the way pleasure feels and something undeniably bad about the way pain feels are understood inclusively , I might ask: “What for The reason is that the...
a widely shared judgment about intrinsic value is that pleasure is intrinsically valuable and pain is intrinsically disvaluable there is something undeniably good about pleasure I might ask: “What for The reason is that pleasure is not good for anything further We never ask what end is in being pleased, because we assu...
Let us start by observing, empirically, that a widely shared judgment about intrinsic value and disvalue is that pleasure is intrinsically valuable and pain is intrinsically disvaluable. On virtually any proposed list of intrinsic values and disvalues (we will look at some of them below), pleasure is included among the...
8,201
<h4>Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning—they’re our most baseline desires and the only things that explain the intrinsic value of objects or actions</h4><p><strong>Moen 16</strong>, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Val...
AC – Aegis Ashore
1AC – Framing
null
21,420
4,449
65,061
./documents/hsld20/Elkins/Ma/Elkins-Manoj-Aff-Golden%20Desert-Round3.docx
858,317
A
Golden Desert
3
Harker DS
Lydia Dimsu
1AC - Aegis Ashore 1NC - T-Lethal Realism K Moscow PIC Prolif DA North Korea DA 1AR - All 2NR - Moscow PIC Prolif DA 2AR - All
hsld20/Elkins/Ma/Elkins-Manoj-Aff-Golden%20Desert-Round3.docx
null
72,998
AyMa
Elkins AyMa
null
Ay.....
Ma.....
null
null
24,509
Elkins
Elkins
TX
null
1,028
hsld20
HS LD 2020-21
2,020
ld
hs
1
1,935,638
No impact to bioterror
Lentzos 14
Filippa Lentzos 14, PhD from London School of Economics and Social Science, Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Social Science, Health and Medicine at King’s College London, Catherine Jefferson, researcher in the Department of Social Science, Health, and Medicine at King’s College London, DPhil from the Univers...
Those who have overemphasized bioterror portray it as an imminent concern, with emphasis on high-consequence, mass-casualty attacks This is a myth assumption is that terrorists would seek mass-casualty weapons leading biological disarmament and non-proliferation experts believe the risk of large-scale bioterrorism atta...
bioterror as an imminent concern is a myth leading experts believe risk of large-scale bioterror to be quite small. This is backed by historical evidence attempts were small-scale assumption is that a pathogen equates to a weapon It does not knowledge and resources necessary for scaling storage, and dissemination. pres...
The bioterror WMD myth. Those who have overemphasized the bioterrorism threat typically portray it as an imminent concern, with emphasis placed on high-consequence, mass-casualty attacks, performed with weapons of mass destruction (WMD). This is a myth with two dimensions.¶ The first involves the identities of terroris...
1,886
<h4>No impact to bioterror</h4><p>Filippa <strong>Lentzos 14<u></strong>, PhD from London School of Economics and Social Science, Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Social Science, Health and Medicine at King’s College London, Catherine Jefferson, researcher in the Department of Social Science, Health, and Med...
Case
Adv 2
null
10,254
607
57,132
./documents/hspolicy20/Mamaroneck/BlOw/Mamaroneck-Blechman-Owen-Neg-Pennsbury-Round4.docx
734,218
N
Pennsbury
4
Calvert Hall CS
Emily Chan
1ac -- tax crimes 2nr -- civil cp 2ar -- condo
hspolicy20/Mamaroneck/BlOw/Mamaroneck-Blechman-Owen-Neg-Pennsbury-Round4.docx
null
62,632
BlOw
Mamaroneck BlOw
null
Ja.....
Bl.....
Ja.....
Ow.....
21,706
Mamaroneck
Mamaroneck
NY
null
1,019
hspolicy20
HS Policy 2020-21
2,020
cx
hs
2
3,698,096
no warming impact---adaptation and resilience
Hart 15
Hart 15 (Michael, he’s the Simon Reisman chair at the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs at Carleton University in Ottawa, former Fulbright-Woodrow Wilson Center Visiting Research, he was also a Scholar-in-Residence in the School of International Service and a Senior Fellow in the Center for North American...
the IPCC scenarios are wildly alarmist on the underlying assumptions The result cannot withstand critical analysis Each scare scenario is based on linear projections without any reference to technological developments or adaptation Why should the rest of humanity not be able to do likewise in the face of a trivial rise...
IPCC scenarios are wildly alarmist cannot withstand critical analysis Each scenario is without reference to adaptation work on physical impacts is over the top there is no basis for the claim about severe-weather- species loss similarly has little foundation its impact would be slow, providing opportunity for adaptati...
As already noted, the IPCC scenarios themselves are wildly alarmist, not only on the basic science but also on the underlying economic assumptions, which in turn drive the alarmist impacts. The result cannot withstand critical analysis. Economists Ian Castles and David Henderson, for example, show the extent to which t...
7,898
<h4>no warming impact---adaptation and resilience</h4><p><strong>Hart 15</strong> (Michael, he’s the Simon Reisman<u> chair at the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs at Carleton University in Ottawa, former Fulbright-Woodrow Wilson Center Visiting Research, he was also a Scholar-in-Residence in the School ...
null
warming
warm
3,058
556
123,810
./documents/ndtceda16/Kentucky/TrBa/Kentucky-Trufanov-Bannister-Neg-Northwestern-Round4.docx
590,331
N
Northwestern
4
Kansas BC
Tom Gliniecki
aff was carbon tax with warming and a new china advantage 1nc was states CP CAT assistance CP incentives CP tax reform politics DA federalism DA lng DA t cap 2nr was lng DA
ndtceda16/Kentucky/TrBa/Kentucky-Trufanov-Bannister-Neg-Northwestern-Round4.docx
null
50,369
TrBa
Kentucky TrBa
null
An.....
Tr.....
Da.....
Ba.....
19,041
Kentucky
Kentucky
null
null
1,006
ndtceda16
NDT/CEDA 2016-17
2,016
cx
college
2
3,964,631
‘Core antitrust’ is all three.
Rataj ’21
Rataj ’21 [Michael; May 12; PC, Law Degree from the Detroit College of Law; Michael Rataj Blog, “Consequences for Breaking Antitrust Laws,” https://www.michaelrataj.com/blog/2021/05/consequences-for-breaking-antitrust-laws/]
The three core antitrust laws are the Sherman Act, the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton Act
The three core antitrust laws are Sherman F T C and Clayton Act
The core antitrust laws are… The three core antitrust laws are the Sherman Act, the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton Act. The Sherman Act primarily prohibits unreasonable restraint of trade and monopolization. Those who are in violation of the Sherman Act may face hefty fines, up to $100 million, and up to ...
661
<h4>‘Core antitrust’ is all three. </h4><p><strong>Rataj ’21</strong> [Michael; May 12; PC, Law Degree from the Detroit College of Law; Michael Rataj Blog, “Consequences for Breaking Antitrust Laws,” https://www.michaelrataj.com/blog/2021/05/consequences-for-breaking-antitrust-laws/]</p><p>The core antitrust laws are…<...
2AC---Round Four---NDT
T---Scope
T---Scope Exemptions---2AC
492,193
37
134,005
./documents/ndtceda21/Michigan/PiRa/Michigan-Pierry-Rabbini-Aff-NDT-Round4.docx
625,517
A
00 NDT
4
Georgetown WW
Pavan Reddy, Matthew Granstrom, Ian Morris
1AC Religious Exercise 2NR Antitrust PIC Judicial Economics DA
ndtceda21/Michigan/PiRa/Michigan-Pierry-Rabbini-Aff-NDT-Round4.docx
null
52,774
PiRa
Michigan PiRa
null
Ra.....
Pi.....
Gi.....
Ra.....
19,399
Michigan
Michigan
null
null
1,011
ndtceda21
NDT/CEDA 2021-22
2,021
cx
college
2
4,750,063
Plan solves labor migration flows boosting economic integration.
Koyanagi 16
Koyanagi 16 Ken Koyanagi 5-2-2016 "ASEAN needs Schengen-like system: top Thai business school head" https://archive.vn/N5Sbq#selection-2535.0-2542.0 (Jain is an internationally renowned marketing and business management scholar and has served as the Sasin director since 2014. Prior to the current position, he served as...
If Southeast Asian countries want to make their common market more effectively function as a pan-regional economy they should accelerate the free movement of people install its own version of Schengen rules" to let people move freely within the region Jain was referring to the European Union's arrangement that allows m...
If Southeast Asian countries want to make their common market more effectively function as a pan-regional economy they should accelerate the free movement of people install its own Schengen rules" to let people move freely cross borders without passport checks rules on relocation across borders changed very little, kee...
BANGKOK -- If Southeast Asian countries want to make their common market more effectively function as a pan-regional economy, they should accelerate the free movement of people, according to the head of the region's top business school. In an interview with the Nikkei Asian Review in late April, Dipak Jain, director of...
2,030
<h4>Plan <u>solves</u> labor migration flows boosting <u>economic integration</u>. </h4><p><strong>Koyanagi 16</strong> Ken Koyanagi 5-2-2016 "ASEAN needs Schengen-like system: top Thai business school head" https://archive.vn/N5Sbq#selection-2535.0-2542.0 (Jain is an internationally renowned marketing and business man...
null
1AC: ASEAN
1AC: Plan [New Plan]
1,714,687
303
166,318
./documents/hsld22/MillardNorth/SwDa/MillardNorth-SwDa-Aff-The-NaviGator-at-Northstar-Round-5.docx
967,578
A
The NaviGator at Northstar
5
Lincoln East BH
Baker
1ac- ASEAN 1nc- topicality, peace poem, war k, case 1ar- all 2nr- war k, topicality 2ar- all
hsld22/MillardNorth/SwDa/MillardNorth-SwDa-Aff-The-NaviGator-at-Northstar-Round-5.docx
2023-01-26 19:51:15
79,431
SwDa
Millard North SwDa
null
Sw.....
Da.....
null
null
26,620
MillardNorth
Millard North
NE
null
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
2,474,986
It goes nuclear.
Johnson 14
Les Johnson 14. Baen science fiction author, popular science writer, and NASA technologist. “Living without satellites”. https://www.baen.com/living_without_satellites.
Satellite imagery is used by the military and political leaders to maintain the peace When potential adversaries can’t hide what they’re doing, where their armies are moving and what they are doing with their civilian and military infrastructure, then the danger of surprise attack is diminished In nuclear age with inst...
Satellite used by military to maintain peace adversaries can’t hide what they’re doing and military infrastructure danger of attack is diminished (MAD) only works if both sides know whether they are being attacked making accidental war far less likely security of countries dependent on space satellites Should we lose a...
Satellite imagery is used by the military and our political leaders to maintain the peace. When your potential adversaries can’t hide what they’re doing, where their armies are moving and what they are doing with their civilian and military infrastructure, then the danger of surprise attack is diminished. In our nuclea...
1,879
<h4><strong>It goes nuclear.</h4><p></strong>Les <strong>Johnson 14</strong>. Baen science fiction author, popular science writer, and NASA technologist. “Living without satellites”. https://www.baen.com/living_without_satellites<u>. </p><p><mark>Satellite</mark> imagery is <mark>used by</mark> the <mark>military</mark...
1ac
Russia Debris
Debris---1AC
339,331
308
80,389
./documents/ndtceda19/Emory/ChJa/Emory-Chaudhry-Jablonski-Aff-GSU-Round7.docx
611,000
A
GSU
7
Kansas HO
Val
1ac Russia Debris 2nr Unilat Cp Sanction CP Containment DA
ndtceda19/Emory/ChJa/Emory-Chaudhry-Jablonski-Aff-GSU-Round7.docx
null
51,764
ChJa
Emory ChJa
null
Ni.....
Ch.....
Be.....
Ja.....
19,247
Emory
Emory
null
null
1,009
ndtceda19
NDT/CEDA 2019-20
2,019
cx
college
2
1,502,186
Warming is linear—every decrease in rising temperatures radically mitigates the risk of existential climate change.
Xu and Ramanathan 17,
Xu and Ramanathan 17, Yangyang Xu, Assistant Professor of Atmospheric Sciences at Texas A&M University; and Veerabhadran Ramanathan, Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9/26/17, “Well below 2 °C: Mitigation strategi...
changes of this magnitude, not experienced in the last 20+ million years, pose existential threats to a majority of the population catastrophe can strike at even lower warming levels. Several studies have concluded that 3 to 5 °C global warming is likely to be the threshold for tipping points such as the collapse of th...
changes pose existential threats catastrophe can strike at lower levels 3 to 5 ° is the threshold for tipping points as irreversible climate changes Human beings are extremely sensitive to heat 2 ° would double deadly heat 4 ° would subject 74% of the population which could pose existential risks 5 ° can act as a major...
We are proposing the following extension to the DAI risk categorization: warming greater than 1.5 °C as “dangerous”; warming greater than 3 °C as “catastrophic?”; and warming in excess of 5 °C as “unknown??,” with the understanding that changes of this magnitude, not experienced in the last 20+ million years, pose exis...
5,043
<h4><strong>Warming is linear—every decrease in rising temperatures radically mitigates the risk of existential climate change. </h4><p><u>Xu and Ramanathan 17, </u></strong>Yangyang Xu, Assistant Professor of Atmospheric Sciences at Texas A&M University; and Veerabhadran Ramanathan, Distinguished Professor of Atmosphe...
1AC
1AC — Advantages
Advantage 1 — Wages
80,386
858
42,471
./documents/hsld21/MontaVista/Ra/Monta%20Vista-Rastogi-Aff-Blue%20Key-Round6.docx
895,060
A
Blue Key
6
Lake Highland Prep AB
Samantha McLoughlin
1AC - ag workers 1NC - t just cap k case 1AR - all 2NR - util k t just 2AR - all
hsld21/MontaVista/Ra/Monta%20Vista-Rastogi-Aff-Blue%20Key-Round6.docx
null
75,115
KeRa
Monta Vista KeRa
null
Ke.....
Ra.....
null
null
25,087
MontaVista
Monta Vista
CA
null
1,029
hsld21
HS LD 2021-22
2,021
ld
hs
1
1,726,023
No cyber impact – attribution, restraint, and capabilities.
Lewis ’20
Lewis ’20 [James Andrew; 8/17/20; senior vice president and director of the Strategic Technologies Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies; "Dismissing Cyber Catastrophe," https://www.csis.org/analysis/dismissing-cyber-catastrophe]
there are powerful strategic constraints on those who have ability to launch catastrophe attacks. We have more decades of experience with the use of cyber techniques and have a clear understanding of motives, capabilities, and intentions Nonstate actors and most states lack the capability to launch attacks that cause p...
Nonstate actors and states lack capability to cause damage much less catastrophe There is enough uncertainty about ability to attribute they are unwilling to risk retaliation No one has died from cyber it is lazy to equate them to nuc s opponents have no interest in catastrophic attack it would produce equal retaliatio...
More importantly, there are powerful strategic constraints on those who have the ability to launch catastrophe attacks. We have more than two decades of experience with the use of cyber techniques and operations for coercive and criminal purposes and have a clear understanding of motives, capabilities, and intentions. ...
3,835
<h4>No cyber impact – <u>attribution</u>, <u>restraint</u>, and <u>capabilities</u>.</h4><p><strong>Lewis ’20 </strong>[James Andrew; 8/17/20; senior vice president and director of the Strategic Technologies Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies; "Dismissing Cyber Catastrophe," https://www.csis....
1NC
Adv---ASEAN
AT: ASEAN---1NC
2,028
1,361
51,208
./documents/ndtceda20/Michigan/PiRa/Michigan-Pierry-Rabbini-Neg-NDT-Round1.docx
619,929
N
NDT
1
Liberty WW
Casey Harrigan, Johnnie Stupek, Hannah Call,
1AC Philippines SCS 2NR Article 5 PIC Assurance DA
ndtceda20/Michigan/PiRa/Michigan-Pierry-Rabbini-Neg-NDT-Round1.docx
null
52,383
PiRa
Michigan PiRa
null
Ra.....
Pi.....
Gi.....
Ra.....
19,334
Michigan
Michigan
null
null
1,010
ndtceda20
NDT/CEDA 2020-21
2,020
cx
college
2
2,139,591
1] Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning—they’re our most baseline desires and the only things that explain the intrinsic value of objects or actions
Moen 16
Moen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267.
a widely shared judgment about intrinsic value is that pleasure is intrinsically valuable and pain is intrinsically disvaluable there is something undeniably good about the way pleasure feels and something undeniably bad about the way pain feels are understood inclusively , I might ask: “What for The reason is that the...
pleasure is intrinsically valuable and pain is intrinsically disvaluable there is something undeniably good about pleasure bad about pain pleasure is not good for anything further We never ask what end is in being pleased, we assume that pleasure is choice worthy in itself if something is painful, we have a sufficient...
Let us start by observing, empirically, that a widely shared judgment about intrinsic value and disvalue is that pleasure is intrinsically valuable and pain is intrinsically disvaluable. On virtually any proposed list of intrinsic values and disvalues (we will look at some of them below), pleasure is included among the...
8,201
<h4>1] Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning—they’re our most baseline desires and the only things that explain the intrinsic value of objects or actions</h4><p><strong>Moen 16</strong>, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of ...
1ac
Framing
null
21,420
4,449
64,612
./documents/hsld20/Dulles/Su/Dulles-Subramanian-Aff-UT-Round4.docx
857,661
A
UT
4
Northview SD
Chris Wang
1ac- whole res 1nc- spec rate hikes da ethanol pic case 1ar- condopics bad all 2nr- spec condopics bad 2ar- spec case
hsld20/Dulles/Su/Dulles-Subramanian-Aff-UT-Round4.docx
null
72,949
SrSu
Dulles SrSu
null
Sr.....
Su.....
null
null
24,497
Dulles
Dulles
TX
null
1,028
hsld20
HS LD 2020-21
2,020
ld
hs
1
4,756,675
4] Extinction isn’t tied to util – it’s a distinct phenomena which is offense under ANY fw
Burke et al 16
Burke et al 16 Associate Professor of International and Political Studies @ UNSW, Australia, 2016 (Anthony, Stefanie Fishel is Assistant Professor, Department of Gender and Race Studies at the University of Alabama, Audra Mitchell is CIGI Chair in Global Governance and Ethics at the Balsillie School of International Af...
Cold-War era concepts such as ‘nuclear winter’ and ‘omnicide’ gesture towards harms massive in their scale and moral horror they are asymptotic: they imagine nightmares of a severely denuded planet, yet they do not contemplate the comprehensive negation that a mass extinction event entails. this approach fails to recog...
they imagine a denuded planet not the comprehensive negation mass extinction entails this fails to recognise the reality which is a matter of being and nonbeing, not one of life and death Worlds erupt from the intersection of diverse forms of being Concepts of violence that focus only on humans ignore the destruction w...
IR is one of few disciplines that is explicitly devoted to the pursuit of survival, yet it has almost nothing to say in the face of a possible mass extinction event.62 It utterly lacks the conceptual and ethical frameworks necessary to foster diverse, meaningful responses to this phenomenon. As mentioned above, Cold-Wa...
4,880
<h4>4] Extinction isn’t tied to util – it’s a distinct phenomena which is offense under ANY fw</h4><p><u><strong>Burke et al 16</strong> Associate Professor of International and Political Studies @ UNSW, Australia, 2016 (Anthony, Stefanie Fishel is Assistant Professor, Department of Gender and Race Studies at the Unive...
1AC
FW
null
25,007
1,010
166,495
./documents/hsld22/MontaVista/KeRa/MontaVista-KeRa-Aff-California-Round-Robin-Round-5.docx
977,454
A
California Round Robin
5
Silver Creek KZ
Giordano,Theiding
1AC - hukou 1NC - t-spec, queerpess k, case 1AR - all rest - k, case
hsld22/MontaVista/KeRa/MontaVista-KeRa-Aff-California-Round-Robin-Round-5.docx
2023-02-18 02:34:19
80,360
KeRa
Monta Vista KeRa
hola.
Ke.....
Ra.....
null
null
26,996
MontaVista
Monta Vista
CA
null
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
1,946,098
Realism is true and inevitable.
de Araujo 14 (2): 29-43)
de Araujo 14 De Aruajo, professor for Ethics at Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 14 (Marcelo, “Moral Enhancement and Political Realism,” Journal of Evolution and Technology 24(2): 29-43)
moral enhancement theorists argue a society of morally enhanced individuals would be in a better position to cope with important problems that humankind is likely to face in climate change terrorist attacks catastrophic wars. The assumption here is our inability to cope successfully with these problems stems mainly fro...
At the root of threats to humankind is not a deficit in moral disposition but a political arrangement actions of states are determined by considerations of interest and power states are the only relevant actors and compete for power Moral considerations are secondary the lack of a central government means each state is...
Some moral enhancement theorists argue that a society of morally enhanced individuals would be in a better position to cope with important problems that humankind is likely to face in the future such as, for instance, the threats posed by climate change, grand scale terrorist attacks, or the risk of catastrophic wars. ...
26,568
<h4>Realism is <u>true</u> and <u>inevitable</u>.</h4><p><strong>de Araujo 14 </strong>De Aruajo, professor for Ethics at Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 14 (Marcelo, “Moral Enhancement and Political Realism,” Journal of Evolution and Technology 24<u><strong>(2): 29-43)</p><p></u></strong>Some <u>moral enhan...
2AC
K
A3
12,502
1,191
57,393
./documents/hspolicy20/Mamaroneck/MiRa/Mamaroneck-Miller-Rahman-Aff-Blake-Round4.docx
733,966
A
Blake
4
Kent Denver HA
Colin Waldron
1AC - Antitrust 2NR - ESR PTX
hspolicy20/Mamaroneck/MiRa/Mamaroneck-Miller-Rahman-Aff-Blake-Round4.docx
null
62,629
MiRa
Mamaroneck MiRa
null
Ja.....
Mi.....
Ra.....
Ra.....
21,706
Mamaroneck
Mamaroneck
NY
null
1,019
hspolicy20
HS Policy 2020-21
2,020
cx
hs
2
3,435,336
The Roll of the Ballot is to evaluate the plan vs a competitive alternative as a strategy for developing more effective explanatory critiques of violence.
Understanding the intrincacies of politics, the state, and the military is a PREREQUISITE to addressing oppression – means our ACADEMIC theorizing is methodologically valuable and a PREREQUISITE to the alternative.
Understanding the intrincacies of politics, the state, and the military is a PREREQUISITE to addressing oppression – means our ACADEMIC theorizing is methodologically valuable and a PREREQUISITE to the alternative. Bryant 12 – (9/15, Levi, professor of Philosophy at Collin College and Chair of the Critical Philosophy p...
We need answers to questions of “military logistics” Military logistics asks first what things the opposing war machine captured by the state relies on in order to deploy supply lines, communications networks, people propaganda or ideology Military logistics maps all of these things Second how to best deploy its own re...
We need answers to questions of “military logistics”. what things the opposing war machine captured by the state relies on supply lines, communications networks, people What I’ve heard in discussions is a complete indifference to military logistics people like to wave their hands and say “this is horrible and unjust!” ...
We need answers to these questions to intervene effectively. We can call them questions of “military logistics”. We are, after all, constructing war machines to combat these intolerable conditions. Military logistics asks two questions: first, it asks what things the opposing force, the opposing war machine capture...
7,074
<h4><strong>The Roll of the Ballot is to evaluate the plan vs a competitive alternative as a strategy for developing more effective explanatory critiques of violence.</h4><p>Understanding the intrincacies of politics, the state, and the military is a PREREQUISITE to addressing oppression – means our ACADEMIC theorizing...
2AC
K
1AC Inequality
78,852
998
114,554
./documents/ndtceda17/Harvard/BaCo/Harvard-Bates-Cooper-Aff-Texas-Round4.docx
596,339
A
Texas
4
Kansas BW
Buntin
1AC-single payer w health care inequality and cell therapy 1NC-pic out of "redistributive"
ndtceda17/Harvard/BaCo/Harvard-Bates-Cooper-Aff-Texas-Round4.docx
null
50,835
BaCo
Harvard BaCo
null
Cl.....
Ba.....
Jo.....
Co.....
19,113
Harvard
Harvard
null
null
1,007
ndtceda17
NDT/CEDA 2017-18
2,017
cx
college
2
2,558,269
Won’t happen.
Zarybnisky 18
Dr. Eric J. Zarybnisky 18, MA in National Security Studies from the Naval War College, PhD in Operations Research from the MIT Sloan School of Management, Lt Col, USAF, “Celestial Deterrence: Deterring Aggression in the Global Commons of Space”, 3/28/2018, https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1062004.pdf
Aggression in space was successfully avoided during the Cold War because both sides viewed an attack on military satellites as highly escalatory, and such an action would likely result in general nuclear war In today’s more nuanced world, attacking satellites, including military satellites, does not necessarily result ...
during the Cold War both sides viewed an attack on sat s as escalatory In today’s nuanced world, attacking sat s, does not result in nuclear war countries used lasers against American intel sat s and U S has been reluctant let alone retaliate with nuc s shift in policy is a result of gray zone op s limiting escalation
PREVENTING AGGRESSION IN SPACE While deterrence and the Cold War are strongly linked in the public’s mind through the nuclear standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union, the fundamentals of deterrence date back millennia and deterrence remains relevant. Thucydides alludes to the concept of deterrence in hi...
1,298
<h4>Won’t happen. </h4><p>Dr. Eric J. <strong>Zarybnisky 18</strong>, MA in National Security Studies from the Naval War College, PhD in Operations Research from the MIT Sloan School of Management, Lt Col, USAF, “Celestial Deterrence: Deterring Aggression in the Global Commons of Space”, 3/28/2018, https://apps.dtic.mi...
null
Case
2NC – AT: CP = Russia Freakout
13,327
523
82,353
./documents/ndtceda19/Michigan/SmVa/Michigan-Smith-Vance-Neg-Indiana-Round7.docx
613,490
N
Indiana
7
Dartmouth VL
Harrigan
1AC - Russia ADR 2NR - Lawfare DA
ndtceda19/Michigan/SmVa/Michigan-Smith-Vance-Neg-Indiana-Round7.docx
null
51,943
SmVa
Michigan SmVa
null
As.....
Sm.....
Th.....
Va.....
19,270
Michigan
Michigan
null
null
1,009
ndtceda19
NDT/CEDA 2019-20
2,019
cx
college
2
3,138,080
Scenario analysis is pedagogically valuable – enhances creativity and self-reflexivity, deconstructs cognitive biases and flawed ontological assumptions, and enables the imagination and creation of alternative futures.
Barma et al. 16
Barma et al. 16 – (May 2016, [Advance Publication Online on 11/6/15], Naazneen Barma, PhD in Political Science from UC-Berkeley, Assistant Professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, Brent Durbin, PhD in Political Science from UC-Berkeley, Professor of Government at Smith College, Eric Lorb...
Over the past decade, the “cult of irrelevance” in political science has been lamented by a growing chorus Prominent scholars have diagnosed the gap made the case for why research is valuable for policymaking and offered ideas several initiatives have been formed Many focus on providing scholars with the skills, platfo...
the “cult of irrelevance” in political science has been lamented one component is the generation of substantive research programs that are actually policy relevant strikingly little attention is paid to techniques Scenario analysis can immerse decision makers in future states that go beyond conventional extrapolations ...
co-authored an article entitled “How Globalization Went Bad” that has this byline: “From terrorism to global warming, the evils of globalization are more dangerous than ever before. What went wrong? The world became dependent on a single superpower. Only by correcting this imbalance can the world become a safer place.”...
17,929
<h4>Scenario analysis is pedagogically valuable – enhances creativity and self-reflexivity, deconstructs cognitive biases and flawed ontological assumptions, and enables the imagination and creation of alternative futures.</h4><p><u><strong>Barma et al. 16</u></strong> – (May 2016, [Advance Publication Online on 11/6/1...
1AC
Contention Two: Nuclear State
null
1,569
2,269
101,893
./documents/ndtceda18/Minnesota/JaFe/Minnesota-Jamal-Ferguson-Aff-Districts-Round1.docx
606,646
A
Districts
1
Concordia BS
Cerja, Foley, Rubaie
1ac - nfu nuclear state first use 1nc - queer pess
ndtceda18/Minnesota/JaFe/Minnesota-Jamal-Ferguson-Aff-Districts-Round1.docx
null
51,466
JaFe
Minnesota JaFe
null
Ha.....
Ja.....
Jo.....
Fe.....
19,202
Minnesota
Minnesota
null
null
1,008
ndtceda18
NDT/CEDA 2018-19
2,018
cx
college
2
2,642,493
Xi diversionary conflict will escalate in multiple hotspots
Norris 17
Norris 17—Associate professor of Chinese foreign and security policy at Texas A&M University’s Bush School of Government and Public Service, where he teaches graduate-level courses in Chinese domestic politics, East Asian security, and Chinese foreign policy [William J., June 2017, “Geostrategic Implications of China’s...
Populist pressures might tempt the party leadership to encourage diversionary nationalism. Communist Party might seek to distract a restless domestic population with adventurism abroad. Xi wants to appear tough in its defense of foreign encroachments against China’s interests. The party is particularly sensitive to per...
Xi wants to appear tough in defense of foreign encroachments party is sensitive to perceptions of weakness because claim to legitimacy stems from restoration of Chinese greatness. areas of conflict include Taiwan, India, and the S C S with the Philippines and Vietnam Even if leadership did not provoke conflict, militar...
Populist pressures might tempt the party leadership to encourage diversionary nationalism. The logic of this concern is straightforward: the Communist Party might seek to distract a restless domestic population with adventurism abroad.19 The Xi administration wants to appear tough in its defense of foreign encroachment...
7,964
<h4>Xi diversionary conflict will escalate in <u>multiple hotspots</u> </h4><p><strong>Norris 17</strong>—Associate professor of Chinese foreign and security policy at Texas A&M University’s Bush School of Government and Public Service, where he teaches graduate-level courses in Chinese domestic politics, East Asian se...
1nc
null
6
498
493
84,274
./documents/ndtceda19/WakeForest/KlMa/Wake%20Forest-Klein-Marban-Neg-Wake-Round5.docx
615,937
N
Wake
5
HarvardGeorgetown RG
Jacob Hegna
1ac - asats 1nc - unilat CP russia CP t deterrence DA impeachment DA xi DA 2nc - t unilat CP 1nr - impeachment DA 2nr - unilat impeachment
ndtceda19/WakeForest/KlMa/Wake%20Forest-Klein-Marban-Neg-Wake-Round5.docx
null
52,124
KlMa
Wake Forest KlMa
null
Ru.....
Kl.....
Al.....
Ma.....
19,292
WakeForest
Wake Forest
null
null
1,009
ndtceda19
NDT/CEDA 2019-20
2,019
cx
college
2
2,677,020
The plan leaves a supply vacuum for Russia to exploit --- they’ll use it to advance geopolitical power
Bodner 17
Bodner 17 – analyst @ Defense News (Matthew, “Sales target: Russia sets its sights on the Middle East,” Defense News, https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/dubai-air-show/2017/11/09/sales-target-russia-sets-its-sights-on-the-middle-east/)//BB
Russia’s arms sales are seen in Moscow as part of a broader Russian effort to reassert itself as a player of major consequence Russia’s expert community likes to talk of an emerging multipolar world order, and Moscow in many ways tries to act as if that is already the case Russia sees weapons sales as additional levera...
Russia’s arms sales are part of a broader Russian effort to reassert itself as a player of major consequence weapons sales create dependency on Moscow Sales are a tool for foreign policy objectives, to facilitate agreements on political issues and create stakeholders in relations with Russia Russia’s strategy in weapon...
Russia’s arms sales in the Middle East do not take place in a vacuum. While driven by defense industry interests, they are seen in Moscow as part of a broader Russian effort to reassert itself as a player of major consequence. Russia’s expert community likes to talk of an emerging multipolar world order, and Moscow in ...
2,164
<h4>The plan leaves a <u>supply vacuum</u> for Russia to exploit --- they’ll use it to <u>advance geopolitical power</h4><p></u><strong>Bodner 17</strong> – analyst @ Defense News (Matthew, “Sales target: Russia sets its sights on the Middle East,” Defense News, https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/dubai-ai...
null
Off
1NC---SoI
66,435
426
84,993
./documents/hspolicy19/Casady/BaHe/Casady-Barreto-Henry-Neg-Isidore%20Newman-Round4.docx
708,552
N
Isidore Newman
4
St Andrews BR
John Karteczka
1AC- Saudi 1NC- Prolif DA T pearson Negotions CP KSA CP Deliveries CP Spending Disad v2 Russia DA 2NR-deliveries and Spending DA
hspolicy19/Casady/BaHe/Casady-Barreto-Henry-Neg-Isidore%20Newman-Round4.docx
null
60,300
BaHe
Casady BaHe
null
Al.....
Ba.....
Ca.....
He.....
21,128
Casady
Casady
OK
null
1,018
hspolicy19
HS Policy 2019-20
2,019
cx
hs
2
1,252,032
Extinction
Baird 20
Zoë Baird 20, A.B. Phi Beta Kappa and J.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, Member of the Aspen Strategy Group, CEO and President of the Markle Foundation, Former Trustee at the Council on Foreign Relations and Partner in the law firm of O’Melveny & Myers, “Equitable Economic Recovery Is a National Security...
Broadly shared economic prosperity is a bedrock of America’s economic and political strength—both domestically and in the international arena. A strong and equitable recovery from the economic crisis created by COVID-19 would be a powerful testament to the resilience of the American system and its ability to create pro...
economic prosperity is a bedrock of political strength equitable recovery would be powerful U S risks undermining legitimacy and international standing America need growth strategies through infrastructure strength increases influence and funds a strong military Yet not enough for some—prosperity must be shared mobilit...
Broadly shared economic prosperity is a bedrock of America’s economic and political strength—both domestically and in the international arena. A strong and equitable recovery from the economic crisis created by COVID-19 would be a powerful testament to the resilience of the American system and its ability to create pro...
6,388
<h4>Extinction</h4><p>Zoë <strong>Baird 20</strong>, A.B. Phi Beta Kappa and J.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, Member of the Aspen Strategy Group, CEO and President of the Markle Foundation, Former Trustee at the Council on Foreign Relations and Partner in the law firm of O’Melveny & Myers, “Equitable E...
null
null
1nc – biscon
6,836
768
30,950
./documents/hspolicy21/Westwood/ZhPh/Westwood-Zhu-Pham-Neg-Hockaday-Quarters.docx
756,808
N
Hockaday
Quarters
Jesuit JM
Panel
1ac- wotus 1nc- court ptx ag econ CC adv cp
hspolicy21/Westwood/ZhPh/Westwood-Zhu-Pham-Neg-Hockaday-Quarters.docx
null
64,625
ZhPh
Westwood ZhPh
null
Er.....
Zh.....
Vi.....
Ph.....
22,177
Westwood
Westwood
TX
null
1,020
hspolicy21
HS Policy 2021-22
2,021
cx
hs
2
1,942,812
State refusal to cooperate with criminal justice forces the fed to acquiesce
Gardner 20
Trevor Gardner 20, Washington law professor, 5-19-2020, “RIGHT AT HOME: MODELING SUB-FEDERAL RESISTANCE AS CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM,” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3238245
Nullification occurs as a consequence of the manpower disparity between the federal government and local governments The federal government cannot broadly enforce most of its criminal initiatives absent cooperation from state and local police The reach of a federal criminal initiative within a sub-federal jurisdiction ...
The fed cannot enforce criminal initiatives absent coop from state police If governments decline to assist abstinence may translate to enforcement nullification When state s refuse coop nullification is, likely sub-federal jurisdictions will be large enough to nullify, on a national scale federal enforcement the fed ma...
Nullification occurs as a consequence of the manpower disparity between the federal government and local governments. The federal government cannot broadly enforce most of its criminal initiatives absent cooperation from state and local police. While the federal government employs 105,000 law enforcement agents across ...
19,195
<h4>State refusal to cooperate with criminal justice forces the fed to acquiesce </h4><p>Trevor <strong>Gardner 20</strong>, Washington law professor, 5-19-2020, “RIGHT AT HOME: MODELING SUB-FEDERAL RESISTANCE AS CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM,” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3238245</p><p><u>Nullificatio...
1NC
null
null
50,988
289
57,315
./documents/hspolicy20/Mamaroneck/MiRa/Mamaroneck-Miller-Rahman-Neg-Dragon-Round3.docx
733,989
N
Dragon
3
SLC West PS
Tom Pacheco
1AC - Climate Crimes 2NR - Stim Con Con
hspolicy20/Mamaroneck/MiRa/Mamaroneck-Miller-Rahman-Neg-Dragon-Round3.docx
null
62,629
MiRa
Mamaroneck MiRa
null
Ja.....
Mi.....
Ra.....
Ra.....
21,706
Mamaroneck
Mamaroneck
NY
null
1,019
hspolicy20
HS Policy 2020-21
2,020
cx
hs
2
698,946
2 – Winter, firestorms, EMP blasts, ozone damage, and meltdowns
Starr 14
Starr 14 {Steven, Senior Scientist for Physicians for Social Responsibility, Director of the Clinical Laboratory Science Program (Missouri), commentator in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and the Strategic Arms Reduction, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, “The Lethality of Nuclear Weapons: Nuc...
Nuclear war has no winner the world’s leading climatologists published studies that evaluated a nuclear war including merely 1% of the explosive power in the US or Russian arsenals. They concluded the consequences of even a “small” nuclear war would include catastrophic disruptions of global climate and massive destruc...
leading climatologists evaluated nuclear war, including 1% of arsenals consequences include catastrophic disruptions of global climate and ozone agriculture would affect 2 billion peer-reviewed studies predict war would destroy the human race. war even after arsenal reductions could produce winter resulting in destruct...
Nuclear war has no winner. Beginning in 2006, several of the world’s leading climatologists (at Rutgers, UCLA, John Hopkins University, and the University of Colorado-Boulder) published a series of studies that evaluated the long-term environmental consequences of a nuclear war, including baseline scenarios fought with...
3,961
<h4>2 – Wi<strong>nter, firestorms, EMP blasts, ozone damage, and meltdowns </h4><p>Starr 14 </strong>{Steven, Senior Scientist for Physicians for Social Responsibility, Director of the Clinical Laboratory Science Program (Missouri), commentator in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and the Strategic Arms Reduction,...
Aff
Miscalc
Impact
3,725
1,364
15,077
./documents/hsld19/Harker/Bu/Harker-Buch-Aff-Cal%20Berkeley-Round6.docx
838,618
A
Cal Berkeley
6
Basis San Antonio Shavano PK
Julian Kuffour
1ac miscalc 1nc T must give states list Asteroids PIC noko PICbioweapons netben 1ar pics bad 2nr bioweapons
hsld19/Harker/Bu/Harker-Buch-Aff-Cal%20Berkeley-Round6.docx
null
71,638
KaBu
Harker KaBu
null
Ka.....
Bu.....
null
null
24,119
Harker
Harker
CA
null
1,027
hsld19
HS LD 2019-20
2,019
ld
hs
1
4,743,923
Extinction comes first – it’s the worst of all evils
Baum and Barrett 18
Baum and Barrett 18 - Seth D. Baum & Anthony M. Barrett, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute. 2018. “Global Catastrophes: The Most Extreme Risks.” Risk in Extreme Environments: Preparing, Avoiding, Mitigating, and Managing, edited by Vicki Bier, Routledge, pp. 174–184.
Taken literally, a global catastrophe can be any event that is in some way catastrophic across the globe This suggests a rather low threshold However, in common usage, a global catastrophe would be catastrophic for a significant portion of the globe Others have emphasized catastrophes that cause long-term declines in t...
some catastrophes are vastly more important than others humanity could go extinct loss of all future generations. 500 trillion lives may be an underestimate risk-equals-probability-times-magnitude society should try 500 trillion times harder to prevent global catastrophe than to save a person’s life valuing everyone eq...
What Is GCR And Why Is It Important? Taken literally, a global catastrophe can be any event that is in some way catastrophic across the globe. This suggests a rather low threshold for what counts as a global catastrophe. An event causing just one death on each continent (say, from a jet-setting assassin) could rate as ...
7,159
<h4>Extinction comes first – it’s the worst of all evils</h4><p><strong>Baum and Barrett 18<u></strong> - Seth D. Baum & Anthony M. Barrett, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute. 2018. “Global Catastrophes: The Most Extreme Risks.” Risk in Extreme Environments: Preparing, Avoiding, Mitigating, and Managing, edited by Vic...
NC
CASE
Framing
1,570
2,142
165,746
./documents/hsld22/Marlborough/MaJe/Marlborough-MaJe-Neg-Tournament-of-Champions-Round-3.docx
995,038
N
Tournament of Champions
3
Scripps Ranch AS
Yang
1AC leper 1NC T FW abolish borders populism DA disclosure theory case 1AR theory impact turn all NR theory TFW 2AR case TFW
hsld22/Marlborough/MaJe/Marlborough-MaJe-Neg-Tournament-of-Champions-Round-3.docx
2023-04-15 22:11:26
80,349
MaJe
Marlborough MaJe
wiki not working - email me
Ma.....
Je.....
null
null
26,925
Marlborough
Marlborough
CA
null
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
2,314,349
5] Util first – Death is the worst evil
Paterson 03
Craig Paterson (2003, Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island., “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15000090/)
death is the objective evil not because it deprives us of a future of overall good It cannot be about harm to a former person who has ceased to exist, for no person actually suffers from the sub-sequent non-participation. Rather, death in itself is evil because it ontologically destroys the current existent subject — ...
death deprives us of future good it ontologically destroys the subject independently of calculations about better or worse possible lives. Death is destructive of the type of entity that we are any rejection of life cannot be warranted since it is an expression of an ultimate disvalue for the subject
Contrary to those accounts, I would argue that it is death per se that is really the objective evil for us, not because it deprives us of a prospective future of overall good judged better than the alter- native of non-being. It cannot be about harm to a former person who has ceased to exist, for no person actually suf...
2,171
<h4>5] Util first – Death is the worst evil</h4><p>Craig <u><strong>Paterson</u></strong> (20<u><strong>03</u></strong>, Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island., “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15000090/)</p><p>Contrary to those accounts, I wo...
null
null
Framework
32,578
1,478
73,094
./documents/hsld20/PlanoEast/Go/Plano%20East-Gong-Neg-TFA-Round3.docx
871,008
N
TFA
3
Joey Rogers
Michael Kurian
rawls da nc shell all shell all
hsld20/PlanoEast/Go/Plano%20East-Gong-Neg-TFA-Round3.docx
null
73,648
NaGo
Plano East NaGo
null
Na.....
Go.....
null
null
24,678
PlanoEast
Plano East
TX
null
1,028
hsld20
HS LD 2020-21
2,020
ld
hs
1
2,589,774
Economic crash leads to diversionary global nuclear war.
Tønnesson 15
Tønnesson 15 (Stein, research professor at Peace Research Institute Oslo, leader of East Asia Peace program at Uppsala University, “Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace,” International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, 2015, p. 297-311)
recent works have made contributions to the current understanding of how and under what circumstances nuclear deterrence and economic interdependence may reduce the risk of war between major powers interdependence may both inhibit and drive conflict Interdependence raises the cost of conflict but asymmetrical or unbala...
Interdependence raises the cost of conflict negative trade expectations increase military conflict If leaders anticipate decline they blame external dependence and refuse to be deterred by nuclear arms shift could happen abruptly The greatest risk is changes in the world economy nuclear deterrence could lose credibili...
Several recent works on China and Sino–US relations have made substantial contributions to the current understanding of how and under what circumstances a combination of nuclear deterrence and economic interdependence may reduce the risk of war between major powers. At least four conclusions can be drawn from the revie...
4,531
<h4><strong>Economic crash leads to diversionary global nuclear war.</h4><p>Tønnesson 15</strong> (Stein, research professor at Peace Research Institute Oslo, leader of East Asia Peace program at Uppsala University, “Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace,” International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, 2015...
2AC
Crisis Stability ADV
Plan
142
3,586
82,964
./documents/ndtceda19/Navy/LeGu/Navy-Lewis-Gutierrez-Aff-UMW-Round3.docx
614,406
A
UMW
3
Samford EG
Woodward
1AC - Same with 2 new cards on Arctic 1NC - T - ASPEC - NATO DA - Unilat CP - China CP - USMCA DA 2NR - Unilat CP - NATO DA
ndtceda19/Navy/LeGu/Navy-Lewis-Gutierrez-Aff-UMW-Round3.docx
null
52,018
LeGu
Navy LeGu
null
Wi.....
Le.....
Ni.....
Gu.....
19,275
Navy
Navy
null
null
1,009
ndtceda19
NDT/CEDA 2019-20
2,019
cx
college
2
764,533
Pharma profits are key to innovation against emerging disease threats – the impact is extinction
Engelhardt 8
Engelhardt 8 – PhD, MD, Professor of Philosophy @ Rice
Profit in the market for the pharmaceutical industries is to be celebrated the presence of additional resources for research and development spurs innovation in the development of pharmaceuticals profit is one of the most effective ways not only to acquire resources but productively to direct human energies profits enh...
Profit in pharma l is to be celebrated additional resources for r and d spurs innovation in development profit is the most effective way to direct human energies profits enhance innovation innovation is necessary to maintain the species in a changing and dangerous environment in which new microbial s emerge to threaten...
(Hugo, “Innovation and the Pharmaceutical Industry: Critical Reflections on the Virtues of Profit,” EBrary) Many are suspicious of, or indeed jealous of, the good fortune of oth-ers. Even when profit is gained in the market without fraud and with the consent of all buying and selling goods and services, there is a sens...
2,822
<h4>Pharma profits are key to <u>innovation</u> against emerging disease threats – the impact is <u>extinction</h4><p><strong>Engelhardt 8</u></strong> – PhD, MD, Professor of Philosophy @ Rice</p><p> (Hugo, “Innovation and the Pharmaceutical Industry: Critical Reflections on the Virtues of Profit,” EBrary)</p><p>Many ...
1NC
null
Pharma AD v
14,503
384
17,862
./documents/ndtceda14/Kansas/FoGo/Kansas-Foreman-Goh-Neg-NDT-Round1.docx
567,425
N
NDT
1
Georgetown Louvis-McCoy
Miller, Harrigan, Andreas
1AC - Medical Marijuana Cannaboids Pharma FDA 1NC - T-Legalize Ban CP Preemption CP Iran Ptx Cuomo Ptx Adv CP Case 2NR - Preemption CP Cuomo Ptx
ndtceda14/Kansas/FoGo/Kansas-Foreman-Goh-Neg-NDT-Round1.docx
null
48,639
FoGo
Kansas FoGo
null
Ci.....
Fo.....
Hu.....
Go.....
18,784
Kansas
Kansas
null
null
1,004
ndtceda14
NDT/CEDA 2014-15
2,014
cx
college
2
1,976,090
No US-China war – nor accidental escalation
Heath 17
Timothy Heath 17, senior international defense research analyst at the nonprofit, nonpartisan RAND Corporation and member of the Pardee RAND Graduate School faculty, and William R. Thompson, Distinguished and Rogers Professor at Indiana University and an adjunct researcher at RAND, "U.S.-China Tensions Are Unlikely to ...
Graham Allison's article explores how misperceptions and bureaucratic dysfunction could accelerate a militarized crisis involving the United States and China into an unwanted war However the article fails to persuade The U.S.-China relationship today may be trending towards greater tension but the relative stability an...
Allison fails to persuade relative stability and low hostility make escalation extremely unlikely. In China and the U S experienc tensions but countries remain far from bitter rivalry they view each other as important partners behavior of militaries underscores the restrained rivalry. military competition operates at l...
Graham Allison's April 12 article, “ How America and China Could Stumble to War ,” explores how misperceptions and bureaucratic dysfunction could accelerate a militarized crisis involving the United States and China into an unwanted war. However, the article fails to persuade because it neglects the key political and g...
8,202
<h4>No US-China war – <u>nor</u> accidental escalation</h4><p>Timothy <strong>Heath 17</strong>, senior international defense research analyst at the nonprofit, nonpartisan RAND Corporation and member of the Pardee RAND Graduate School faculty, and William R. Thompson, Distinguished and Rogers Professor at Indiana Univ...
1NC
Case
ADV
9,854
977
58,245
./documents/hspolicy20/MontgomeryBell/MaTu/Montgomery%20Bell-Maxwell-Turner-Neg-UGA-Round4.docx
735,427
N
UGA
4
Damien PS
Panati
1AC- Economic Espionage Act 1NC- T-Bidirectional Court Clog DA Pan K 2NC- Pan K 1NR- Court Clog DA 2NR- Pan K
hspolicy20/MontgomeryBell/MaTu/Montgomery%20Bell-Maxwell-Turner-Neg-UGA-Round4.docx
null
62,700
MaTu
Montgomery Bell MaTu
null
Ra.....
Ma.....
Cy.....
Tu.....
21,723
MontgomeryBell
Montgomery Bell
TN
null
1,019
hspolicy20
HS Policy 2020-21
2,020
cx
hs
2
4,685,882
[6] Practical identities – we find our lives worth living under practical identities such as student but that presupposes agency.
Korsgaard 92
Korsgaard 92 CHRISTINE M. Korsgaard 92 [I am a Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University, where I have taught since 1991. From July 1996 through June 2002, I was Chair of the Department of Philosophy. (The current chair is Sean Kelly.) From 2004-2012, I was Director of Graduate Studies in Philosophy. (The current D...
The reflective structure of the mind is a source of “self-consciousness” because it forces us to have a conception of ourselves. When you deliberate, it is as if there were something over and above all of your desires, something that is you, and that chooses which desire to act on. This means that the principle or law ...
reflective structure of the mind forces us to have a conception of ourselves. When you deliberate it is as if there were something over desires that chooses which desire to act on. the principle or law by which you determine actions is one that you regard as being expressive of yourself The conception of one’s identity...
The Solution: Those who think that the human mind is internally luminous and transparent to itself think that the term “self-consciousness” is appropriate because what we get in human consciousness is a direct encounter with the self. Those who think that the human mind has a reflective structure use the term too, but ...
2,604
<h4>[6] Practical identities – we find our lives worth living under practical identities such as student but that presupposes agency.</h4><p><strong>Korsgaard 92</strong> CHRISTINE M. Korsgaard 92 [I am a Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University, where I have taught since 1991. From July 1996 through June 2002, I ...
null
1AC – Framework
null
41,685
303
162,876
./documents/hsld22/Dulles/ViNa/Dulles-ViNa-Aff-37th-Annual-Stanford-Invitational-Doubles.docx
976,211
A
37th Annual Stanford Invitational
Doubles
King CP
Prateek Gupta, Nigel Taylor-Ward, Jarvis Xie
1ac - Kant v07 1nc - mollow k, ivis, case 1ar - all 2n - k, case 2ar- case, k
hsld22/Dulles/ViNa/Dulles-ViNa-Aff-37th-Annual-Stanford-Invitational-Doubles.docx
2023-02-13 16:01:13
79,552
ViNa
Dulles ViNa
Hi. For diclosure, dm me on facebook. It's just my name (friend req me first). email: natarajavishnu16@gmail.com phone: 3468181945 he/him SO - September October ND - November December JF - January February G - Generic 0 - basic info
Vi.....
Na.....
null
null
26,663
Dulles
Dulles
TX
null
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
1,873,158
Nuclear attacks cause retaliation and global war.
Arguello & Buis 18.
Arguello & Buis 18. Irma Arguello, founder and chair of the NPSGlobal Foundation, and head of the secretariat of the Latin American and Caribbean Leadership Network; Emiliano J. Buis, researcher and professor at the NPSGlobal Foundation, “The Global Impacts of a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: What Would Happen? What Should ...
there is evidence of an illicit market for nuclear weapons-usable materials. There are sellers in search of buyers There certainly are plenty of sites from which to obtain nuclear material it is not necessary for a country to possess nuclear weapons for it to be useful to nuclear terrorists: Structural and institutiona...
there is an illicit market for nuclear materials sellers search buyers transactions end in attack A primitive fission bomb in any capital would cause an unprecedented catastrophic scenario consequences would propagate worldwide. Global security governance and politic s would be under severe trial increase global distru...
Making matters worse, there is evidence of an illicit market for nuclear weapons-usable materials. There are sellers in search of potential buyers, as shown by the dismantlement of a nuclear smuggling network in Moldova in 2015. There certainly are plenty of sites from which to obtain nuclear material. According to the...
6,765
<h4>Nuclear attacks cause retaliation and <u>global war</u>.</h4><p><strong>Arguello & Buis 18. <u></strong>Irma Arguello, founder and chair of the NPSGlobal Foundation, and head of the secretariat of the Latin American and Caribbean Leadership Network; Emiliano J. Buis, researcher and professor at the NPSGlobal Founda...
Taxation – UNLV
1AC
1AC – Laundering
251
1,960
55,167
./documents/hspolicy20/GlenbrookSouth/DrWa/Glenbrook%20South-Dressler-Wawrzyn-Aff-Pine%20Crest-Round1.docx
729,660
A
Pine Crest
1
Niles West BB
Eva Farber
1AC - Taxes V4 1NC - T-Bidirectional CP-Courts CP-Executive DA-Bitcoin DA-Stimulus 2NR - Courts Stimulus
hspolicy20/GlenbrookSouth/DrWa/Glenbrook%20South-Dressler-Wawrzyn-Aff-Pine%20Crest-Round1.docx
null
62,292
DrWa
Glenbrook South DrWa
null
Ch.....
Dr.....
Ne.....
Wa.....
21,622
GlenbrookSouth
Glenbrook South
IL
null
1,019
hspolicy20
HS Policy 2020-21
2,020
cx
hs
2
4,662,649
Capitalism ensures extinction – inequality, climate, ABR, and war
Foster 19
Foster 19, Sociology Professor @ Oregon (John Bellamy, February 1st, “Capitalism Has Failed—What Next?” The Monthly Review, Volume 70, Issue 9, https://monthlyreview.org/2019/02/01/capitalism-has-failed-what-next/, accessed 06-30-2021)
capitalism has failed as a social system The world is mired in stagnation financialization and the most extreme inequality in human history accompanied by mass unemployment poverty, hunger, and a planetary ecological “death spiral The digital revolution has rapidly mutated into new means of surveillance control and dis...
capitalism has failed poverty, hunger and a ecological “death spiral the three richest in the U S have more than half the U.S. population Overuse by capitalist agribusiness, is leading to antibiotic-resistance with superbugs War has become perpetual in oil regions and threatens to escalate into a global thermonuclear ...
Less than two decades into the twenty-first century, it is evident that capitalism has failed as a social system. The world is mired in economic stagnation, financialization, and the most extreme inequality in human history, accompanied by mass unemployment and underemployment, precariousness, poverty, hunger, wasted o...
16,598
<h4>Capitalism ensures <u>extinction</u> – inequality, climate, ABR, and war</h4><p><strong>Foster 19</strong>, Sociology Professor @ Oregon (John Bellamy, February 1st, “Capitalism Has Failed—What Next?” The Monthly Review, Volume 70, Issue 9, https://monthlyreview.org/2019/02/01/capitalism-has-failed-what-next/, acce...
null
4
null
22,153
1,417
161,778
./documents/hsld22/CanyonCrestAcademy/MiJu/CanyonCrestAcademy-MiJu-Neg-49th-Harvard-National-Forensics-Tournament-Round-5.docx
980,609
N
49th Harvard National Forensics Tournament
5
Strake Jesuit KM
He
1AC – schengen, u/v 1NC – nebel, eu politics da, mini-schengen cp, cap k, u/v, case 1AR – unity adv, condo, semantics = racist 2NR – condo, cap k, case 2AR – unity adv, cap k
hsld22/CanyonCrestAcademy/MiJu/CanyonCrestAcademy-MiJu-Neg-49th-Harvard-National-Forensics-Tournament-Round-5.docx
2023-02-19 17:16:51
80,634
MiJu
Canyon Crest Academy MiJu
null
Mi.....
Ju.....
null
null
27,055
CanyonCrestAcademy
Canyon Crest Academy
CA
18,972
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
3,247,042
Plan knocks the farm bill off the docket
Heitshusen 13
Heitshusen 13 – Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process (Valerie, 3/18/13, ‘The Legislative Process on the Senate Floor: An Introduction”, http://www.senate.gov/CRSReports/crs-publish.cfm?pid=%26*2D4Q%5CK3%0A)
The legislative process is laborious and time-consuming, and the time available is limited. Every day devoted to one bill is a day denied for consideration of other legislation, and there are not enough days to act on all the bills the time pressures become even greater with the approach of deadlines
The legislative process is laborious and time-consuming, and the time available is limited. Every day devoted to one bill is a day denied for other legislation there are not enough days to act on all the bills with the approach of deadlines
The legislative process is laborious and time-consuming, and the time available for Senate floor action each year is limited. Every day devoted to one bill is a day denied for consideration of other legislation, and there are not enough days to act on all the bills that Senators and Senate committees wish to see enacte...
863
<h4>Plan knocks the farm bill off the docket</h4><p><strong>Heitshusen 13</strong> – Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process (Valerie, 3/18/13, ‘The Legislative Process on the Senate Floor: An Introduction”, http://www.senate.gov/CRSReports/crs-publish.cfm?pid=%26*2D4Q%5CK3%0A)</p><p><u><mark>The legislative pr...
1NC
1
null
78,313
321
105,160
./documents/hspolicy18/MontgomeryBellAcademy/FuMe/Montgomery%20Bell%20Academy-Funk-Meacham-Neg-Westminster-Round6.docx
697,819
N
Westminster
6
Johns Creek DS
Erik Mathis
1AC - High Skilled 2NR - Parole CP Farm Bill DA
hspolicy18/MontgomeryBellAcademy/FuMe/Montgomery%20Bell%20Academy-Funk-Meacham-Neg-Westminster-Round6.docx
null
59,332
FuMe
Montgomery Bell Academy FuMe
null
Sa.....
Fu.....
Sa.....
Me.....
20,916
MontgomeryBellAcademy
Montgomery Bell Academy
null
null
1,017
hspolicy18
HS Policy 2018-19
2,018
cx
hs
2
2,545,533
Extinction.
Friedemann 16
Friedemann 16 [Alice, transportation expert, founder of EnergySkeptic.com and author of “When Trucks Stop Running, Energy and the Future of Transportation,” worked at American Presidential Lines for 22 years, where she developed computer systems to coordinate the transit of cargo between ships, rail, trucks, and consum...
Modern civilization cannot exist without electricity. Within days of a blackout across the U.S., a blackout could encompass the entire planet emergency generators would run out of fuel, telecommunications would cease as would transportation due to gridlock, and eventually no fuel Cities would have no water and soon exh...
civilization cannot exist without electricity. Within days a blackout encompass the planet generators run out of fuel communications cease Cities would have no water and exhaust their food hospitals cannot operate a blackout given unpreparedness, would result in societal collapse
Modern civilization cannot exist for a protracted period without electricity. Within days of a blackout across the U.S., a blackout that could encompass the entire planet, emergency generators would run out of fuel, telecommunications would cease as would transportation due to gridlock, and eventually no fuel. Cities w...
687
<h4>Extinction. </h4><p><strong>Friedemann 16 </strong>[Alice, transportation expert, founder of EnergySkeptic.com and author of “When Trucks Stop Running, Energy and the Future of Transportation,” worked at American Presidential Lines for 22 years, where she developed computer systems to coordinate the transit of carg...
1NC
5
1NC – CP
26,783
447
82,064
./documents/ndtceda19/Michigan/PiRa/Michigan-Pierry-Rabbini-Neg-Georgetown-Round6.docx
613,245
N
Georgetown
6
Northwestern JW
Lewis
1AC - China BMD 1NC - T Reciprocity Japan DA Integration CP ASAG CP Adv CP Aegis CP 2NC - Case 1NR - Adv CP 2NR - Adv CP Case
ndtceda19/Michigan/PiRa/Michigan-Pierry-Rabbini-Neg-Georgetown-Round6.docx
null
51,938
PiRa
Michigan PiRa
null
Ra.....
Pi.....
Gi.....
Ra.....
19,270
Michigan
Michigan
null
null
1,009
ndtceda19
NDT/CEDA 2019-20
2,019
cx
college
2
2,071,109
“Democracy” is a generic indefinite singular
Leslie 12
Leslie 12 Leslie, Sarah-Jane. “Generics.” In Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Language, edited by Gillian Russell and Delia Fara, 355–366. Routledge, 2012. https://www.princeton.edu/~sjleslie/RoutledgeHandbookEntryGenerics.pdf SM
GENERICS VS. EXISTENTIALS The interpretation of sentences containing , indefinite singulars can be either generic or existential/specific (1) A tiger is striped (2) A tiger is on the front lawn In (2) we are talking about some particular tigers, while in (1) we are saying something about tigers in general. There are so...
indefinite singulars can be generic or existential A tiger is on the front lawn we are saying something in general the existential interpretation is upward entailing This is not so if the sentence is generic Another test whether we can insert an adverb of quantification ) with minimal change
GENERICS VS. EXISTENTIALS The interpretation of sentences containing bare plurals, indefinite singulars, or definite singulars can be either generic as in (1) respectively or existential/specific as in (2): (1) Tigers are striped A tiger is striped The tiger is striped. (2) Tigers are on the front lawn A tiger is on th...
1,708
<h4>“Democracy” is a generic indefinite singular </h4><p><strong>Leslie 12 </strong>Leslie, Sarah-Jane. “Generics.” In Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Language, edited by Gillian Russell and Delia Fara, 355–366. Routledge, 2012. https://www.princeton.edu/~sjleslie/RoutledgeHandbookEntryGenerics.pdf SM</p><p><u>GENE...
1
null
null
336,920
1,252
61,529
./documents/hsld20/AmericanHeritageBocaDelray/ta/American%20Heritage%20Boca%20Delray-tanguturi-Neg-bronx-Round5.docx
852,377
N
bronx
5
plano east nathan gong
tom neville
1ac - us 1nc - 2020 v3 spec v2 monism tt v1 1ar - all 2nr- spec monism tt aff 2ar - semantics racist
hsld20/AmericanHeritageBocaDelray/ta/American%20Heritage%20Boca%20Delray-tanguturi-Neg-bronx-Round5.docx
null
72,650
nita
American Heritage Boca Delray nita
null
ni.....
ta.....
null
null
24,405
AmericanHeritageBocaDelray
American Heritage Boca Delray
FL
null
1,028
hsld20
HS LD 2020-21
2,020
ld
hs
1
1,502,422
1] Non-natural moral facts are epistemically inaccessible
Papinau ’07  2007)
Papinau ’07 (David [David Papineau is an academic philosopher. He works as Professor of Philosophy of Science at King's College London, having previously taught for several years at Cambridge University and been a fellow of Robinson College, Cambridge], “Naturalism”. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/naturalism/ 2007)
all physical effects are due to a limited range of natural causes, and if moral facts lie outside this range, then it follow that moral facts can never make any difference to what happens in the physical world this has very awkward epistemological consequences. knowledge of the spatiotemporal world is mediated by physi...
all physical effects are due to natural causes if moral facts lie outside this range, then moral facts can never make any difference to what happens in the physical world this has epistemological consequences knowledge is mediated by physical processes involving our sense and cognitive systems. If moral facts cannot in...
Moore took this argument to show that moral facts comprise a distinct species of non-natural fact. However, any such non-naturalist view of morality faces immediate difficulties, deriving ultimately from the kind of causal closure thesis discussed above. If all physical effects are due to a limited range of natural cau...
894
<h4>1] Non-natural moral facts are epistemically inaccessible </h4><p><strong>Papinau ’07</strong> (David [David Papineau is an academic philosopher. He works as Professor of Philosophy of Science at King's College London, having previously taught for several years at Cambridge University and been a fellow of Robinson ...
null
1
null
373,137
612
42,481
./documents/hsld21/MontaVista/Da/Monta%20Vista-Dayanand-Neg-Blue%20Key-Round4.docx
895,185
N
Blue Key
4
Scarsdale BS
Sam Coge
1ac - exsitelism 1nc - util pics hypotheticla impl t 1ar - pics util case 2nr - hypo T pics 2ar - pics
hsld21/MontaVista/Da/Monta%20Vista-Dayanand-Neg-Blue%20Key-Round4.docx
null
75,116
RoDa
Monta Vista RoDa
null
Ro.....
Da.....
null
null
25,087
MontaVista
Monta Vista
CA
null
1,029
hsld21
HS LD 2021-22
2,021
ld
hs
1
1,469,377
US–China war goes nuclear – crisis mis-management ensures conventional escalation – extinction.
Kulacki 20
Kulacki 20 [Dr. Gregory Kulacki focuses on cross-cultural communication between the United States and China on nuclear and space arms control and is the China Project Manager for the Global Security Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, 2020. Would China Use Nuclear Weapons First In A War With The United States...
China exceptionally clear about its intentions on the possible first use of nuclear weapons That unambiguous statement has been a cornerstone of Chinese nuclear weapons policy for 56 years and has been repeated frequently in authoritative Chinese publications for domestic and international audiences, including a highl...
China would use nuclear weapons first in a war with the U S Chinese planners are struggling with crisis management that could create ambiguity with disastrous consequences a strong military power possessing nuclear‐armed missiles is carrying out continuous attacks the U S conventional warfare that “seriously threatened...
Admiral Charles A. Richard, the head of the U.S. Strategic Command, recently told the Senate Armed Service Committee he “could drive a truck” through the holes in China’s no first use policy. But when Senator John Hawley (R-MO) asked him why he said that, Commander Richard backtracked, described China’s policy as “very...
6,615
<h4><strong>US–China war goes nuclear – crisis mis-management ensures conventional escalation – extinction. </h4><p>Kulacki 20 </strong>[Dr. Gregory Kulacki focuses on cross-cultural communication between the United States and China on nuclear and space arms control and is the China Project Manager for the Global Secur...
1NC
null
2
339,264
288
40,789
./documents/hsld21/Lexington/Ha/Lexington-Han-Neg-47th%20University%20of%20Pennsylvania%20Tournament-Round2.docx
892,055
N
47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament
2
Andrew Kim
Kumail Zaidi
1AC - Asteroids 1NC - Wakanda CCP DA Kant 1NC 1AR - Condo All 2NR - Kant 2AR - Extinction Independent FRWK
hsld21/Lexington/Ha/Lexington-Han-Neg-47th%20University%20of%20Pennsylvania%20Tournament-Round2.docx
null
74,924
ChHa
Lexington ChHa
null
Ch.....
Ha.....
null
null
25,048
Lexington
Lexington
MA
null
1,029
hsld21
HS LD 2021-22
2,021
ld
hs
1
1,253,930
Capitalism is unsustainable and locks in planetary extinction.
Foster '19
Foster '19 [John Bellamy; 2/1/19; Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon, PhD in Political Science from York University, President and Board Member of the Monthly Review; "Capitalism Has Failed—What Next?" https://monthlyreview.org/2019/02/01/capitalism-has-failed-what-next/]
The Anthropocene epoch has generated enormous rifts in planetary boundaries, extending from climate change to ocean acidification, to the sixth extinction, to disruption of the global nitrogen and phosphorus cycles to the loss of freshwater, to the disappearance of forests, to widespread toxic-chemical and radioactive ...
climate change ocean acidification sixth extinction disruption of nitrogen and phosphorus loss of water forests and pollution are compounding the carbon budget will be broken in sixteen years Hothouse Earth will be irreversible corporations continue bankrolling climate denial to ensure agreements are defanged. Capitali...
The Anthropocene epoch, first ushered in by the Great Acceleration of the world economy immediately after the Second World War, has generated enormous rifts in planetary boundaries, extending from climate change to ocean acidification, to the sixth extinction, to disruption of the global nitrogen and phosphorus cycles,...
4,420
<h4>Capitalism is <u>unsustainable</u> and locks in <u>planetary extinction</u>. </h4><p><strong>Foster '19 </strong>[John Bellamy; 2/1/19; Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon, PhD in Political Science from York University, President and Board Member of the Monthly Review; "Capitalism Has Failed—What Nex...
1NC vs Line 5
OFF
2
22,153
1,417
30,897
./documents/hspolicy21/WestSLC/AoPa/West%20SLC-Aoki-Pai-Neg-Grapevine-Round4.docx
756,537
N
Grapevine
4
Winston Churchill HO
Zach Watts
1ac - line 5 1nc - T - in the US Cap K Taiwan DA 2nr - Taiwan DA
hspolicy21/WestSLC/AoPa/West%20SLC-Aoki-Pai-Neg-Grapevine-Round4.docx
null
64,594
AoPa
West SLC AoPa
null
Se.....
Ao.....
Sa.....
Pa.....
22,173
WestSLC
West SLC
UT
null
1,020
hspolicy21
HS Policy 2021-22
2,021
cx
hs
2
1,168,662
No blackouts.
Larson 18
Larson 18 Selena Larson, Cyber threat intelligence analyst at Dragos, Inc. [Threats to Electric Grid are Real; Widespread Blackouts are Not, 8-6-2018, https://dragos.com/blog/industry-news/threats-to-electric-grid-are-real-widespread-blackouts-are-not/]//BPS
The US electric grid is not about to go down Threats are growing, But to say hackers invaded the US electric grid and are prepared to cause blackouts is false groups have not demonstrated disruptive or damaging capabilities Adversaries infiltrating business networks but evidence does not support the claim that such an ...
grid is not about to go down groups have not demonstrated capabilities The grid is resilient and segmented targeting networks would not cause blackouts incident at one site would require tailored tools and operations and would not scale localized are possible But scaling up is unlikely
The US electric grid is not about to go down. Though it’s understandable if someone believed that. Over the last few weeks, numerous media reports suggest state-backed hackers have infiltrated the US electric grid and are capable of manipulating the flow of electricity on a grand scale and cause chaos. Threats against ...
2,357
<h4>No blackouts.</h4><p><strong>Larson 18</strong> Selena Larson, Cyber threat intelligence analyst at Dragos, Inc. [Threats to Electric Grid are Real; Widespread Blackouts are Not, 8-6-2018, https://dragos.com/blog/industry-news/threats-to-electric-grid-are-real-widespread-blackouts-are-not/]//BPS</p><p><u><strong>Th...
2AC---Damus---Round 3
Infra
2AC---Infrastructure---GY Pre-empt Version
14,297
434
28,661
./documents/hspolicy21/MontgomeryBell/GrYo/Montgomery%20Bell-Green-Young-Aff-Notre%20Dame-Round3.docx
751,445
A
Notre Dame
3
Alpharetta ND
Chris Thiele
1AC Mexico 2NR T-Cessation of Use
hspolicy21/MontgomeryBell/GrYo/Montgomery%20Bell-Green-Young-Aff-Notre%20Dame-Round3.docx
null
64,102
GrYo
Montgomery Bell GrYo
null
Ma.....
Gr.....
Ja.....
Yo.....
22,058
MontgomeryBell
Montgomery Bell
TN
null
1,020
hspolicy21
HS Policy 2021-22
2,021
cx
hs
2
1,860,519
The CP solves by forcing federal follow-on
Gerken 17
Heather Gerken 17, J. Skelly Wright Professor of Law at Yale Law School, JD from the University of Michigan Law School, AB from Princeton University, and Joshua Resevz, JD from Yale Law School, BA in Political Science from Yale University, now Civil Attorney with the Appellate Staff at the United States Department of J...
Progressives have lost power in Washington many think that the best progressives can do is hunker down blocking legislation But if progressives can simply look outside the Beltway, they will find that they still have access to one of the most powerful weapons in politics: federalism. Using the power they wield in state...
Using power states can shape policies, and force Republicans to compromise enormous power influence national policy and force actors to the table leaders can push back and force compromise admin capacity is modest state s [swamp] Congress relies on states to carry out policies immigration environmental infrastructure, ...
Progressives have lost power in Washington. Every national institution now lies in the hands of the Republican Party. Given the slim chances of Democrats’ winning back Congress in 2018, many think that the best progressives can do is hunker down for the next four years, blocking legislation on the Hill and challenging ...
5,175
<h4>The CP <u>solves</u> by forcing federal follow-on </h4><p>Heather <strong>Gerken 17</strong>, J. Skelly Wright Professor of Law at Yale Law School, JD from the University of Michigan Law School, AB from Princeton University, and Joshua Resevz, JD from Yale Law School, BA in Political Science from Yale University, n...
1NC Samford R1
OFF
1NC---CP
23,930
559
54,644
./documents/hspolicy20/CypressBay/KoLe/Cypress%20Bay-Kotler-Levinson-Neg-Samford-Round1.docx
727,562
N
Samford
1
MBA PC
Ellis Chen
1AC-Edgy Death Penalty 1NC-T Can't Reform Reg Neg CP NGA CP Courts CP XO CP Stimulus DA 2NR-Reg Neg CP
hspolicy20/CypressBay/KoLe/Cypress%20Bay-Kotler-Levinson-Neg-Samford-Round1.docx
null
62,095
KoLe
Cypress Bay KoLe
null
Jo.....
Ko.....
Za.....
Le.....
21,572
CypressBay
Cypress Bay
FL
null
1,019
hspolicy20
HS Policy 2020-21
2,020
cx
hs
2
856,531
Extinction first
Bostrum 12
Bostrum 12 (Nick, Professor of Philosophy at Oxford, directs Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute and winner of the Gannon Award, Interview with Ross Andersen, correspondent at The Atlantic, 3/6, “We're Underestimating the Risk of Human Extinction”, http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/03/were-underestim...
human extinction risks are poorly understood and severely underestimated by society existential risk mitigation may in fact be a dominant moral priority over the alleviation of present suffering suppose you have a moral view that counts future people as being worth as much as present people . If you have that moral poi...
extinction risks are severely underestimated existential risk mitigation may be a dominant moral priority over alleviation of present suffering . If future generations matter in proportion to their numbers, then existential risk mitigation has a much higher utility than anything else there could be billions more people...
Bostrom, who directs Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute, has argued over the course of several papers that human extinction risks are poorly understood and, worse still, severely underestimated by society. Some of these existential risks are fairly well known, especially the natural ones. But others are obscure or e...
2,945
<h4><strong>Extinction first</h4><p><u>Bostrum 12</u></strong> (Nick, Professor of Philosophy at Oxford, directs Oxford's Future of Humanity Institute and winner of the Gannon Award, Interview with Ross Andersen, correspondent at The Atlantic, 3/6, “We're Underestimating the Risk of Human Extinction”, http://www.theatl...
null
2AC
K
1,240,482
818
20,468
./documents/ndtceda15/Minnesota/KoAs/Minnesota-Kostelny-Asirvatham-Aff-Texas-Round1.docx
584,012
A
Texas
1
Baylor EG
Juan Garcia- Lugo
1ac was S Korea N Korea adv with china containment diplmacy with some new liberalism good cards 1nc was a liberalism bad k
ndtceda15/Minnesota/KoAs/Minnesota-Kostelny-Asirvatham-Aff-Texas-Round1.docx
null
49,861
KoAs
Minnesota KoAs
null
Co.....
Ko.....
Ro.....
As.....
18,967
Minnesota
Minnesota
null
null
1,005
ndtceda15
NDT/CEDA 2015-16
2,015
cx
college
2
552,457
Losing the Innovation Race causes extinction - uncontrolled risks from emerging tech cause rapid shifts in strategic stability and misuse - American dominance is key.
Jain 20
Jain 20 [Ash; 2020; Senior fellow with the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security; Strategic Studies Quarterly; “Present at the Re-Creation: A Global Strategy for Revitalizing, Adapting, and Defending a Rules-Based International System,” https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Present-at-the-Recr...
The system must be adapted to deal with emerging and disruptive technology, including AI, additive manufacturing 3D printing quantum computing genetic engineering, robotics, directed energy, the IOT), 5G, space, cyber these innovations promise great benefits, but also carry serious downside risks AI is generating new s...
AI 3D printing engineering energy, the IOT), 5G, space, cyber eventually turn resulting in human extinction 3D printing can be used by rogue states spurring arms races and prolif Genetic engineering can wipe out classes of people Directed-energy may undermin global stability greatest risk comes from risk autocracies wi...
The system must also be adapted to deal with new issues that were not envisioned when the existing order was designed. Foremost among these issues is emerging and disruptive technology, including AI, additive manufacturing (or 3D printing), quantum computing, genetic engineering, robotics, directed energy, the Internet...
4,226
<h4>Losing the Innovation Race causes <u>extinction</u> - uncontrolled risks from emerging tech cause <u>rapid shifts</u> in <u>strategic stability</u> and <u>misuse</u> - American dominance is key.</h4><p><strong>Jain 20 </strong>[Ash; 2020; Senior fellow with the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security; Strategic ...
null
1AC – Advantage
null
1,628
956
8,119
./documents/hsld22/Dulles/ViNa/Dulles-ViNa-Aff-Greenhill-Fall-Classic-Octas.docx
926,919
A
Greenhill Fall Classic
Octas
Plano East AW
Joseph Barquin, Cyrus Jackson, Truman Le
1ac - Kant v6 1nc - Util, ABR PIC, case 1ar - Advantage, PIC 2n - PIC 2ar - pic, case
hsld22/Dulles/ViNa/Dulles-ViNa-Aff-Greenhill-Fall-Classic-Octas.docx
2022-11-15 14:34:11
79,552
ViNa
Dulles ViNa
Hi. For diclosure, dm me on facebook. It's just my name (friend req me first). email: natarajavishnu16@gmail.com phone: 3468181945 he/him SO - September October ND - November December JF - January February G - Generic 0 - basic info
Vi.....
Na.....
null
null
26,663
Dulles
Dulles
TX
null
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
3,947,464
Nuke war uniquely targets black people – taking about it is good
Thompson 18
Nicole Akoukou Thompson 18. Chicago-based creative writer. 4-6-2018. "Why I will not allow the fear of a nuclear attack to be white-washed." RaceBaitR. http://racebaitr.com/2018/04/06/2087/#
I couldn’t spare empathy for a white whose biggest fear was something that hadn’t happened yet and might not. Meanwhile, my most significant fears were in motion women and men dying in cells choked out for peddling cigarettes, or shot to death As a woman of color, I am aware of multiple types of violence that threaten ...
my most significant fears were women and men dying in cells or shot to death violence that threaten currently—not theoretically Black people have lived under the specter of having existence erased However nuclear strike would disproportionately impact Black brown and low-income individuals. North Korea won’t target Por...
I couldn’t spare empathy for a white woman whose biggest fear was something that hadn’t happened yet and might not. Meanwhile, my most significant fears were in motion: women and men dying in cells after being wrongly imprisoned, choked out for peddling cigarettes, or shot to death during ‘routine’ traffic stops. I twi...
8,013
<h4>Nuke war uniquely targets black people – taking about it is good</h4><p>Nicole Akoukou <strong>Thompson 18</strong><mark>. Chicago-based creative writer. 4-6-2018. "Why I will not allow the fear of a nuclear attack to be white-washed." RaceBaitR. http://racebaitr.com/2018/04/06/2087/#</p><p><u></mark>I couldn’t spa...
1ar
case
at: Omalade
9,166
657
132,825
./documents/ndtceda18/Texas-Dallas/BeKa/Texas-Dallas-Beutelspacher-Kaul-Aff-00%20NDT-Round2.docx
608,249
A
000 - NDT
2
Rutgers AH
Schauer, Myers, Bunas
1ac - Environmental Justice 1nc - FW You don't get a plan Reparations K 2nr - FW
ndtceda18/Texas-Dallas/BeKa/Texas-Dallas-Beutelspacher-Kaul-Aff-00%20NDT-Round2.docx
null
51,573
BeKa
Texas-Dallas BeKa
null
Du.....
Be.....
Ra.....
Ka.....
19,218
Texas-Dallas
Texas-Dallas
null
null
1,008
ndtceda18
NDT/CEDA 2018-19
2,018
cx
college
2
2,172,588
Terrorists will inevitably acquire autonomous weapons – even a perfect ban won’t stop them, but it will leave states defenseless.
Burri and Robillard '17
Burri and Robillard '17 [Susanne and Michael; 12/19/17; assistant professor in the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics and Political Science; research fellow at the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics; "Why banning autonomous killer robots wouldn’t solve anythin...
autonomous weapons ‘can be weapons of terror, weapons that despots and terrorists use against innocent populations But this does not mean that the UN should implement a preventive ban on the further development of these weapons it sometimes takes dangerous tools to achieve worthy ends. It seems plausible that if the co...
autonomous weapons ‘can be weapons terrorists use But this does not mean implement a ban on further development it takes dangerous tools to achieve worthy ends Suppose the UN were to ban on further development Further suppose optimistically all armies around the world were to respect the ban, and abort research we woul...
Autonomous weapons – killer robots that can attack without a human operator – are dangerous tools. There is no doubt about this fact. As tech entrepreneurs such as Elon Musk, Mustafa Suleyman and other signatories to a recent open letter to the United Nations have put it, autonomous weapons ‘can be weapons of terror, w...
3,253
<h4>Terrorists will <u>inevitably acquire</u> autonomous weapons – even a <u>perfect ban</u> won’t stop them, but it will <u>leave states defenseless</u>. </h4><p><strong>Burri and Robillard '17 </strong>[Susanne and Michael; 12/19/17; assistant professor in the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at ...
null
DA
null
20,634
306
66,327
./documents/hsld20/Harker/Th/Harker-Thakur-Neg-ASU-Round4.docx
859,835
N
ASU
4
Chandler Prep FS
Bezonsky, Chase
1AC - Whole Rez 1NC - DA - Terror v2 2NR - DA - Terror v2
hsld20/Harker/Th/Harker-Thakur-Neg-ASU-Round4.docx
null
73,082
RoTh
Harker RoTh
null
Ro.....
Th.....
null
null
24,534
Harker
Harker
CA
null
1,028
hsld20
HS LD 2020-21
2,020
ld
hs
1
3,951,336
American primacy solves every threat---decline emboldens rivals and causes miscalc and arms races that escalate.
Brands 18
Hal Brands 18. Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, Senior Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments and the Foreign Policy Research Institute, Ph.D. in history from Yale University. “Chapter 6: Does Ame...
significantly expanding American capabilities would not be economically onerous this represents the best option for sustaining American primacy and preventing strategic bankruptcy that will be punished. Since World War II, the U S has had a military second to none America has committed to overwhelming military primacy....
sustaining American primacy preventing strategic bankruptcy America committed to military primacy unrivaled in Europe East Asia Middle East dominance constituted hard-power backbone averting unstable multipolarity and nuclear proliferation catastrophic terrorism centrality of military preponderance underwrite alliance ...
Much contemporary commentary favors the first option—reducing commitments—and denounces the third as financially ruinous and perhaps impossible.5 Yet significantly expanding American capabilities would not be nearly as economically onerous as it may seem. Compared to the alternatives, in fact, this approach represents ...
8,896
<h4>American primacy solves <u>every threat</u>---decline <u>emboldens rivals</u> and causes <u>miscalc</u> and <u>arms races</u> that escalate.</h4><p>Hal <strong>Brands 18</strong>. Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, S...
null
1ac – UNLV – R4
Extra
1,369
1,456
132,962
./documents/hspolicy21/Peninsula/BrYu/Peninsula-Brown-Yu-Aff-UNLV-Round4.docx
753,845
A
UNLV
4
ADL WL
Yeager, Lexy
1ac - CBD V1 1nc - disclosure theory T substantial resource PIK Vacuum test procedural econ predictions K breyer DA EIA CP
hspolicy21/Peninsula/BrYu/Peninsula-Brown-Yu-Aff-UNLV-Round4.docx
null
64,303
BrYu
Peninsula BrYu
null
Na.....
Br.....
St.....
Yu.....
22,099
Peninsula
Peninsula
CA
null
1,020
hspolicy21
HS Policy 2021-22
2,021
cx
hs
2
2,612,573
Both cause extinction
Starr 17
Steven Starr 17, Starr is the director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility, 1-9-2017, "Turning a Blind Eye Towards Armageddon — U.S. Leaders Reject Nuclear Winter Studies," FAS, https://fas.org/2017/01/turning-a-b...
detonation will instantly ignite fires the blast, fire, and radiation could produce direct fatalities comparable to all of those worldwide in World War II, the long-term environmental effects of the war could significantly disrupt the global weather which would result in a vast global famine nuclear firestorms would ca...
war could absorb sunlight produc ozone losses unprecedented in history temperatures fall below freezing in ag areas which would doom the human population confrontation renewed wars with Russia as well as against China NATO built up rapid-response Russia would retaliate preparing for war conducted a drill moved Iskander...
The detonation of an atomic bomb with this explosive power will instantly ignite fires over a surface area of three to five square miles. In the recent studies, the scientists calculated that the blast, fire, and radiation from a war fought with 100 atomic bombs could produce direct fatalities comparable to all of thos...
15,203
<h4>Both cause <u>extinction</h4><p></u>Steven <strong>Starr 17</strong>, Starr is the director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility, 1-9-2017, "Turning a Blind Eye Towards Armageddon — U.S. Leaders Reject Nuclear ...
Aging
null
null
11,696
1,360
105,494
./documents/hspolicy18/NilesWest/AlSe/Niles%20West-Alegria-Sejdiu-Aff-Valley-Round1.docx
698,661
A
Valley
1
-
-
contact info
hspolicy18/NilesWest/AlSe/Niles%20West-Alegria-Sejdiu-Aff-Valley-Round1.docx
null
59,418
AlSe
Niles West AlSe
null
Pe.....
Al.....
Fr.....
Se.....
20,934
NilesWest
Niles West
null
null
1,017
hspolicy18
HS Policy 2018-19
2,018
cx
hs
2
4,743,000
Open borders are crucial to sustaining neoliberalism and exploiting migrants
Keane 20
Bernard Keane 20 {Bernard Keane is Crikey's political editor. Before that he was Crikey's Canberra press gallery correspondent} - ("Temporary migration curb will terrify neoliberals and place new strains on old-school politics," Crikey, published 5-4-2020, accessed 12-7-2022, https://www.crikey.com.au/2020/05/04/tempor...
individualist, market-based principles of neoliberalism require free movement — of individuals. people need to be able to go wherever they can maximise their economic value. Restrictions on immigration are, in the view of neoliberals, particularly damaging. business suffers, because migrants expand labour, and put dow...
individualist, market-based principles of neoliberalism require free movement people need to go wherever they can maximise value. Restrictions on immigration are, in the view of neoliberals, damaging business suffers, because migrants expand labour and put downward pressure on wages. host society doesn’t have to look a...
Kristina Keneally’s weekend suggestion that post-pandemic migration policy should be different to our pre-virus emphasis on high permanent and temporary migration induced an immediate and hysterical reaction today from the Financial Review, which accused her of sounding like Pauline Hanson. The froth-mouthed reaction f...
2,519
<h4>Open borders are <u>crucial</u> to sustaining neoliberalism and exploiting migrants</h4><p>Bernard <strong>Keane 20</strong> {Bernard Keane is Crikey's political editor. Before that he was Crikey's Canberra press gallery correspondent} - ("Temporary migration curb will terrify neoliberals and place new strains on o...
null
1
Util
1,704,587
258
165,777
./documents/hsld22/Marlborough/AbMe/Marlborough-AbMe-Neg-USC-Trojan-Invitational-Round-2.docx
983,759
N
USC Trojan Invitational
2
Loyola LR
Enriquez, Christopher
ac - rawls nc - cap k, util, case 1ar - all nr - k 2ar - all
hsld22/Marlborough/AbMe/Marlborough-AbMe-Neg-USC-Trojan-Invitational-Round-2.docx
2023-02-25 20:46:24
80,328
AbMe
Marlborough AbMe
null
Ab.....
Me.....
null
null
26,925
Marlborough
Marlborough
CA
null
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
4,396,378
2---No Russia war.
Khramchikhin 18
Khramchikhin 18 — Aleksandr Khramchikhin, deputy director of the Institute for Political and Military Analysis in Moscow. [Rethinking the Danger of Escalation: The Russia-NATO Military Balance, 1-25-18, https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/01/25/rethinking-danger-of-escalation-russia-nato-military-balance-pub-75346]
emerging conventional wisdom maintains the new Cold War in Europe runs the risk of escalating into a hot war conventional wisdom is wrong hysteria has little, if any, basis in fact. Both sides in the standoff exaggerate the tensions and the danger of escalation the military balance between Russia and NATO is stable, th...
hysteria has little basis sides exaggerate tensions and danger balance is stable escalation is hardly critical cause of tensions is not military, but political tensions remain high likelihood of confrontation low because neither posture points to intent to go on offensive tensions remain tensions
In an atmosphere of crisis permeated by mutual recriminations and suspicions, both sides—NATO and Russia—have engaged in a series of military activities along the line of contact. These maneuvers in turn have triggered multiple warnings from both sides of a sharp deterioration in European security, a growing threat of ...
1,755
<h4>2---No Russia war.</h4><p><strong>Khramchikhin 18</strong> — Aleksandr Khramchikhin, deputy director of the Institute for Political and Military Analysis in Moscow. [Rethinking the Danger of Escalation: The Russia-NATO Military Balance, 1-25-18, https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/01/25/rethinking-danger-of-escalati...
1NC---LAWs
1NC---Case
1NC---Advantage
7,485
583
144,768
./documents/hspolicy22/NilesNorth/KhMa/NilesNorth-KhMa-Neg-Dowling-Round-2.docx
954,296
N
Dowling
2
Farmington KC
Charlie Synn
1AC---LAWs 1NC---Security K, T-In the Area, CIL CP, Canada CP, Debt Ceiling DA, NATO Cohesion DA 2NC---T-In the Area, Canada CP, Case 1NR---Debt Ceiling DA, NATO Cohesion DA, Case 2NR---Canada CP, Case
hspolicy22/NilesNorth/KhMa/NilesNorth-KhMa-Neg-Dowling-Round-2.docx
2022-12-14 02:36:58
79,998
KhMa
Niles North KhMa
1A/2N---Raman---he/him 1N/2A---Saad---he/him for everything: nilesnorthmk@gmail.com add to email chain: nilesnorthdocs@gmail.com
Sa.....
Kh.....
Ra.....
Ma.....
26,556
NilesNorth
Niles North
IL
null
2,002
hspolicy22
HS Policy 2022-23
2,022
cx
hs
2
1,859,227
Substantial criminal justice reform requires a wholesale approach to the overall criminal justice system
Morris, 78
Norval Morris, 78 – professor of law at Harvard ( Reviewed Work(s): Denial of Justice: Criminal Process in the United States by Lloyd L. Weinreb Review by: Norval Morris Source: Harvard Law Review, Vol. 91, No. 6 (Apr., 1978), pp. 1367-1371, JSTOR //DH
a holistic an approach to the criminal justice system is essential to substantial reform The task in criminal justice reform is to define courses of legislative, regulatory, and judicial conduct which are capable of avoiding the formidable ability of existing institutions to swallow changes without affecting the overa...
holistic approach to the criminal justice system is essential to substantial reform task in criminal justice reform is to define courses of legislative, regulatory, and judicial conduct which are capable of avoiding the formidable ability of existing institutions to swallow changes without affecting the overall system
It is often unfair, though common, to criticize a book for not being a different book; an author may surely select his own topics. But in this case one cannot but regret the failure to offer at least a primitive guide to the reformer's path. Few scholars take as holistic an approach to the criminal justice system as Ll...
1,586
<h4>Substantial criminal justice reform requires a <u>wholesale</u> approach to the <u>overall</u> criminal justice system</h4><p>Norval <strong>Morris, 78</strong> – professor of law at Harvard ( Reviewed Work(s): Denial of Justice: Criminal Process in the United States by Lloyd L. Weinreb Review by: Norval Morris Sou...
1NC
4
null
56,647
652
54,598
./documents/hspolicy20/CKMcClatchy/SpPh/CK%20McClatchy-Spurlock-Pham-Neg-Glenbrooks-Round1.docx
727,083
N
Glenbrooks
1
Iowa City West CS
David Coates
1AC - Cyber Treaty 1NC - T Subsets Runoff Politics DA Cybernetics K ConCon CP Dedev 2NR - Runoff Politics DA
hspolicy20/CKMcClatchy/SpPh/CK%20McClatchy-Spurlock-Pham-Neg-Glenbrooks-Round1.docx
null
62,049
SpPh
CK McClatchy SpPh
null
Al.....
Sp.....
Et.....
Ph.....
21,561
CKMcClatchy
CK McClatchy
CA
null
1,019
hspolicy20
HS Policy 2020-21
2,020
cx
hs
2
4,798,725
Austria and the Netherlands block Schengen enlargement now—spurs Euroscepticism and tit-for-tat measures like boycotts and weaponized vetoes—reversing course by Spring is key to maintain unity on Ukraine.
Mihaltianu 12-8
Mihaltianu 12-8 [Adrian*; Managing editor, Marcin Król Fellow @ Visegrad Insight, SciFi writer, history buff, futurist, comics lover. & Spasimir Domaradzkil**; Visegrad Insight Fellow. Researcher and lecturer at the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies of the University of Warsaw and Assistant Profess...
Austria and the Netherlands’ vetoes over Romania’s and Bulgaria’s integration in Schengen are considered arbitrary 25 to 2 outcome an extension of internal politics The accusations raised by Austria about the stream of migrants coming from Bulgaria is not a current issue but a long-ignored aspect of the larger rule of ...
vetoes are considered arbitrary Bulgarian countermeasures threat is real and will only increase as the weeks roll on Romanian calls for boycotting companies is widespread there is danger of fast-growing Euroscepticism using veto to force concessions is a worrying sign in the context of Ukraine that require European uni...
Austria and the Netherlands’ vetoes over Romania’s and Bulgaria’s integration in the Schengen space are considered arbitrary in Bucharest and partially justified in Sophia. 25 to 2: The outcome of the last Justice and Home Affairs Council vote on the acceptance of Bulgaria and Romania to join the Schengen agreement. Bu...
5,270
<h4><u>Austria</u> and the <u>Netherlands</u> block <u>Schengen enlargement</u> now—spurs <u>Euroscepticism</u> and <u>tit-for-tat</u> measures like <u>boycotts</u> and <u>weaponized vetoes</u>—<u>reversing course</u> by <u>Spring</u> is key to maintain <u>unity</u> on <u>Ukraine</u>.</h4><p><strong>Mihaltianu 12-8</st...
null
null
1AC—ADV—Unity
1,705,359
244
168,148
./documents/hsld22/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory/RoCh/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory-RoCh-Aff-37th-Annual-Stanford-Invitational-Round-3.docx
974,833
A
37th Annual Stanford Invitational
3
Honor VD
Krause
1AC - Schengen 1NC - T-open borders - Neolib k - case 1AR - all 2NR - Case- K 2AR Case - K
hsld22/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory/RoCh/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory-RoCh-Aff-37th-Annual-Stanford-Invitational-Round-3.docx
2023-02-11 23:36:55
82,624
RoCh
Strake Jesuit College Preparatory RoCh
Hi, I'm Rohan. I'm a novice and not used to wiki norms yet, so please contact me if you have any interps you want me to meet - I will accomodate any disclosure interps if I'm missing anything on my wiki, just please message me first. Contact - rrchimata26@mail.strakejesuit.org 832-629-0900 try email first please
Ro.....
Ch.....
null
null
27,049
StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory
Strake Jesuit College Preparatory
TX
36,501
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
4,781,498
Climate change is linear – any reduction of emissions is necessary to limit immense suffering
Wells 19
Wells 19 (David Wallace-Wells is a National Fellow with the New America Foundation and is a deputy editor of New York Magazine, “The Cautious Case for Climate Optimism Believing in a comfortable future for our planet probably means some giant carbon-sucking machines,” New York Magazine, February 4, 2019, http://nymag.c...
It’s not too late. In fact, it never will be “Climate Change Is Here” — global warming is not binary. It is not a matter of “yes” or “no,” not a question of “fucked” or “not.” it is a problem that gets worse over time the longer we produce greenhouse gas, and can be made better if we choose to stop. Which means no matt...
It’s not too late global warming is not “yes” or “no,” it gets worse over time the next decade could contain more warming, more suffering, or less warming less suffering At two degrees ice sheets collapse bringing 50 feet of sea-level rise Given conventional decarbonization this is our best-case scenario the meaning of...
It’s not too late. In fact, it never will be. Whatever you may have read over the past year — as extreme weather brought a global heat wave and unprecedented wildfires burned through 1.6 million California acres and newspaper headlines declared, “Climate Change Is Here” — global warming is not binary. It is not a matte...
4,604
<h4>Climate change is linear – any reduction of emissions is <u>necessary</u> to limit <u><strong>immense suffering</h4><p>Wells 19 </u></strong>(David Wallace-Wells is a National Fellow with the New America Foundation and is a deputy editor of New York Magazine, “The Cautious Case for Climate Optimism Believing in a c...
1AC
null
Plan
44,984
393
167,440
./documents/hsld22/Saratoga/ArGa/Saratoga-ArGa-Aff-TOC-Round-2.docx
994,501
A
TOC
2
Harrison JG
Grant Brown
ac - hukou nc - t international, populism da, case 1ar - all 2nr - case, da 2ar - case, da
hsld22/Saratoga/ArGa/Saratoga-ArGa-Aff-TOC-Round-2.docx
2023-04-15 17:09:22
79,917
ArGa
Saratoga ArGa
null
Ar.....
Ga.....
null
null
26,838
Saratoga
Saratoga
CA
47,857
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
4,740,000
The 1AC is a tool of big business – open borders destroy labor organizing, fracture worker solidarity, and entrench a deeply exploitative system of global neoliberal expansion. There’s a reason Zuckerberg is writing aff cards.
Nagle 18
Angela Nagle 18 {author of Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars from 4chan and Tumblr to Trump and the Alt-Right (Zero Books, 2017)} - ("The Left Case against Open Borders," American Affairs, Volume II, Number 4 (Winter 2018): 17–30, published 2018, accessed 12-7-2022, https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2018/11/the-le...
by embracing the moral arguments of the open-borders Left and the economic arguments of free market think tanks, the Left has painted itself into a corner. the Left is implicitly accepting the moral case for no borders or sovereign nations at all. But what implications will unlimited migration have for projects like un...
The destruction of labor politics means immigration play out within a culture war Open borders has been a rallying cry of business a fundamental tenet of libertarianism Reagan and Bush championed migration the power of unions becomes impossible if workforce can be easily replaced Open borders are a victory for the boss...
While no serious political party of the Left is offering concrete proposals for a truly borderless society, by embracing the moral arguments of the open-borders Left and the economic arguments of free market think tanks, the Left has painted itself into a corner. If “no human is illegal!,” as the protest chant goes, th...
20,775
<h4>The 1AC is a <u>tool of big business</u> – open borders <u>destroy labor organizing,</u> fracture <u>worker solidarity</u>, and entrench a deeply exploitative system of <u>global neoliberal expansion</u>. There’s a reason Zuckerberg is writing aff cards.</h4><p>Angela <strong>Nagle 18</strong> {author of Kill All N...
null
2. Cap
2
1,651,538
549
165,728
./documents/hsld22/Marlborough/MaSa/Marlborough-MaSa-Neg-UNLV-Round-6.docx
972,409
N
UNLV
6
Coral Academy of Science Las Vegas JA
Dillon Brouwer
AC - Rawls, Env NC - Fw, Cap, Turns 1AR - Fw NR - All (literally) 2AR - fw
hsld22/Marlborough/MaSa/Marlborough-MaSa-Neg-UNLV-Round-6.docx
2023-02-05 22:06:14
81,359
MaSa
Marlborough MaSa
null
Ma.....
Sa.....
null
null
26,925
Marlborough
Marlborough
CA
null
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
2,166,501
Use util – it’s impartial, specific to public actors, and resolves infinite regress which explains all value. Reject flawed calc indicts that misunderstand happiness and rely on problematic intuitions.
Greene 15
Greene 15 — (Joshua Greene, Professor of Psychology @ Harvard, being interviewed by Russ Roberts, “Joshua Greene on Moral Tribes, Moral Dilemmas, and Utilitarianism”, The Library of Economics and Liberty, 1-5-15, Available Online at https://www.econtalk.org/joshua-greene-on-moral-tribes-moral-dilemmas-and-utilitarianis...
utilitarianism is very much misunderstood We should call it what I call 'deep pragmatism' going back to the tragedy of common-sense morality is you've got all these different tribes with all of these different values based on their different ways of life. What can they do to get along In order to resolve any kind of tr...
util is misunderstood going back to the tragedy of morality you've got tribes with different values based on different ways of life. to resolve any tradeoff have some common metric. util 's two ideas One is impartiality as social decision makers we should regard everybody's interests as equal What matters for everybody...
Guest: Okay. So, I think utilitarianism is very much misunderstood. And this is part of the reason why we shouldn't even call it utilitarianism at all. We should call it what I call 'deep pragmatism', which I think better captures what I think utilitarianism is really like, if you really apply it in real life, in light...
5,479
<h4>Use <u>util</u> – it’s <u>impartial</u>, <u>specific</u> to <u>public actors</u>, and <u>resolves infinite regress</u> which explains <u>all value</u>. Reject <u>flawed calc indicts</u> that <u>misunderstand happiness</u> and rely on <u>problematic intuitions</u>.</h4><p><strong>Greene 15 </strong>— (Joshua Greene,...
1AC—Cal
1AC
Framework
336,312
761
66,045
./documents/hsld20/Harker/Da/Harker-Dani-Aff-NDCA-Round1.docx
860,446
A
NDCA
1
Peninsula PR
Cameron Lange
1AC - chinav5 1NC - Nebel T PLA DA AI DA Security K 2NR - PLA DA
hsld20/Harker/Da/Harker-Dani-Aff-NDCA-Round1.docx
null
73,097
ArDa
Harker ArDa
null
Ar.....
Da.....
null
null
24,534
Harker
Harker
CA
null
1,028
hsld20
HS LD 2020-21
2,020
ld
hs
1
1,517,891
Time frame – Kessler effect 200 years away
Stubbe 17
Stubbe 17 [(Peter, PhD in law @ Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt) “State Accountability for Space Debris: A Legal Study of Responsibility for Polluting the Space Environment and Liability for Damage Caused by Space Debris,” Koninklijke Brill Publishing, ISBN 978-90-04-31407-8, p. 27-31] TDI
the so-called Kessler effect’ the l e o debris population is expected to increase by an average of 30% in the next 200 years. The population growth is primarily driven by catastrophic collisions between 700 and 1000 km altitudes
the so-called Kessler effect’ debris population is expected to increase 30% next 200 years
The prediction of possible scenarios of the future evolution of the debris p o p ulation involves many uncertainties. Long-term forecasting means the prediction of the evolution of the future debris environment in time periods of decades or even centuries. Predictions are based on models84 that work with certain assump...
2,004
<h4><strong>Time frame – Kessler effect 200 years away</h4><p>Stubbe 17 </strong>[(Peter, PhD in law @ Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt) “State Accountability for Space Debris: A Legal Study of Responsibility for Polluting the Space Environment and Liability for Damage Caused by Space Debris,” Koninklijke Br...
null
null
1NC – AT: Debris Advantage
44,447
260
43,102
./documents/hsld21/Peninsula/Si/Peninsula-Sims-Neg-Berkeley-Round3.docx
896,485
N
Berkeley
3
Cupertino YA
Brianna Aaron
1NC -- Consult NATO Xi DA DIB DA 2NR -- Consult NATO
hsld21/Peninsula/Si/Peninsula-Sims-Neg-Berkeley-Round3.docx
null
75,227
ChSi
Peninsula ChSi
null
Ch.....
Si.....
null
null
25,127
Peninsula
Peninsula
CA
null
1,029
hsld21
HS LD 2021-22
2,021
ld
hs
1
1,605,965
2] No intent-foresight distinction for states.
Enoch 07
Enoch 07 Enoch, D [The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew Unviersity, Mount Scopus Campus, Jersusalem]. (2007). INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE. Legal Theory, 13(02). doi:10.1017/s1352325207070048 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/legal-theory/article/intending-foreseeing-and-the-state/76B18896B94D5490ED0512D8E8DC54...
attempting to pick and choose among the foreseen consequences of one’s actions those one is more and those one is less responsible for looks more like the preparation of a defense than like a genuine attempt to determine what is to be done. Hiding behind the intending-foreseeing distinction seems like an attempt to eva...
pick and choose among foreseen consequences evade responsibility In policy the global must be undertaken rules for allocation cannot hide behind intending-foreseeing governments have responsibilities the distinction evasion of responsibility
The general difficulty of the intending-foreseeing distinction here stemmed, you will recall, from the feeling that attempting to pick and choose among the foreseen consequences of one’s actions those one is more and those one is less responsible for looks more like the preparation of a defense than like a genuine atte...
4,028
<h4>2] No <u>intent-foresight distinction for states.</h4><p></u><strong>Enoch 07 </strong>Enoch, D [The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew Unviersity, Mount Scopus Campus, Jersusalem<u>]. (2007). INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE. Legal Theory, 13(02). doi:10.1017/s1352325207070048 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/l...
1NC Strake Octos
2
FW
41,539
791
46,846
./documents/hsld21/Westlake/Ro/Westlake-Roberts-Neg-Strake%20Jesuit-Octas.docx
902,067
N
Strake Jesuit
Octas
Lake Highland Prep PS
Andrew Qin, Joseph Georges, angela zhong
1AC - I-Law 1NC - Global ConCon Util NC Presumption Permissibility Negate Aff Theory Combo Shell 1AR - All 2NR - Aff Theory Combo Shell 2AR - Case Aff Theory Combo Shell
hsld21/Westlake/Ro/Westlake-Roberts-Neg-Strake%20Jesuit-Octas.docx
null
75,498
MiRo
Westlake MiRo
null
Mi.....
Ro.....
null
null
25,216
Westlake
Westlake
TX
null
1,029
hsld21
HS LD 2021-22
2,021
ld
hs
1
4,629,524
EU econ decline cascades through interlinked networks – extinction
Maavak 21
Maavak 21 [Matthew, PhD in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council, “Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?...
Various scholars regard global social instability as the greatest threat facing this decade. The catalyst a Second Great Depression which, in turn, will have profound implications for global security and national integrity emerging risks are getting more complex and intertwined Tight couplings in our global systems ena...
scholars regard instability as the greatest threat a Second Depression will have implications for security couplings in systems enabled one area to snowball into a full crisis elsewhere sectors are entwined financial crash lead to a meltdown, impacting all areas Eastern European nations worth a collective $1.8 trillion...
Various scholars and institutions regard global social instability as the greatest threat facing this decade. The catalyst has been postulated to be a Second Great Depression which, in turn, will have profound implications for global security and national integrity. This paper, written from a broad systems perspective,...
15,107
<h4>EU econ decline <u>cascades</u> through <u>interlinked</u> networks – extinction</h4><p><strong>Maavak 21 </strong>[Matthew, PhD in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues...
null
null
1AC—ADV—Growth
2,073
1,998
153,869
./documents/hsld22/Westwood/DaLi/Westwood-DaLi-Aff-The-48th-Churchill-Classic-TOC-and-NIETOC-Qualifier-Round-4.docx
960,391
A
The 48th Churchill Classic TOC and NIETOC Qualifier
4
CypWoo Christopher Lester
Myers
1AC - Romania 2NR - nothing :(
hsld22/Westwood/DaLi/Westwood-DaLi-Aff-The-48th-Churchill-Classic-TOC-and-NIETOC-Qualifier-Round-4.docx
2023-01-07 18:38:34
80,293
DaLi
Westwood DaLi
Hi If you're aff please for the love of everything good do not read a 1ar theory restart. I hate these debates with a passion and they only incentivize writing theory blocks all day and not actual prep. Condo bad, PICs bad, sure, but all I ask is that you actually try to engage the negative strategy on a substantive l...
Da.....
Li.....
null
null
26,697
Westwood
Westwood
TX
10,966
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
3,134,494
Global warming outweighs all other impacts and causes extinction
Torres 16
Torres 16 (Phil Torres, PhD candidate @ Rice University in tropical conservation biology, affiliate scholar @ Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, July 22, 2016. “Op-ed: Climate Change Is the Most Urgent Existential Risk”. http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/Torres20160807)
Humanity faces a number of formidable challenges Threats stem from asteroids pandemics climate change nuclear weapons biotechnology climate change loss should take priority over every other known threat Because these ongoing catastrophes in slow-motion will frame our existential predicament for thousands of years they...
climate change should take priority over every threat ongoing catastrophes frame our existential predicament they have the capacity to raise probability of other risks wars more likely terrorist attacks more likely the collapse of global ecosystems, agricultural failures, economic uncertainty ising instability” in Syri...
Humanity faces a number of formidable challenges this century. Threats to our collective survival stem from asteroids and comets, supervolcanoes, global pandemics, climate change, biodiversity loss, nuclear weapons, biotechnology, synthetic biology, nanotechnology, and artificial superintelligence. With such threats in...
7,478
<h4>Global warming outweighs all other impacts and causes extinction</h4><p><u><strong>Torres 16</u></strong> (Phil Torres, PhD candidate @ Rice University in tropical conservation biology, affiliate scholar @ Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, July 22, 2016. “Op-ed: Climate Change Is the Most Urgent Exist...
null
Advantage 2
Scenario 2 - Warming
11,648
1,042
101,964
./documents/ndtceda18/MissouriState/KiRe/Missouri%20State-King-Reeves-Aff-Kentucky-Round7.docx
606,877
A
Kentucky
7
UNLV AW
Kevin Hirn
1AC- Trade v2 1NC- K T 2NR-K
ndtceda18/MissouriState/KiRe/Missouri%20State-King-Reeves-Aff-Kentucky-Round7.docx
null
51,475
KiRe
Missouri State KiRe
null
Br.....
Ki.....
Pe.....
Re.....
19,203
MissouriState
Missouri State
null
null
1,008
ndtceda18
NDT/CEDA 2018-19
2,018
cx
college
2
2,656,391
No debris cascades, but even a worst case is confined to low LEO with no impact
Fange 17
Daniel Von Fange 17, Web Application Engineer, Founder and Owner of LeanCoder, Full Stack, Polyglot Web Developer, “Kessler Syndrome is Over Hyped”, 5/21/2017, http://braino.org/essays/kessler_syndrome_is_over_hyped/
Kessler Syndrome is overhyped. A chorus of online commenters great any news of upcoming low earth orbit satellites with worry that humanity will to lose access to space they are wrong It is a dark picture. Is Kessler Syndrome likely to happen? I had to stop everything and spend an afternoon doing back-of-the-napkin mat...
Kessler is overhyped. A chorus of commenters are wrong orbital area can be broken into four regions. Low LEO Things here burn up quickly High LEO where most junk orbits is where Kessler could be Mid Orbit - GPS and nav sat s travel here volume is so huge, and number of sat s so few we don’t worry here GEO orbit is sat ...
Kessler Syndrome is overhyped. A chorus of online commenters great any news of upcoming low earth orbit satellites with worry that humanity will to lose access to space. I now think they are wrong. What is Kessler Syndrome? Here’s the popular view on Kessler Syndrome. Every once in a while, a piece of junk in space hit...
5,263
<h4><u>No debris cascades</u>, but even a <u>worst case</u> is confined to <u>low LEO</u> with <u>no impact</h4><p></u>Daniel Von <strong>Fange 17</strong>, Web Application Engineer, Founder and Owner of LeanCoder, Full Stack, Polyglot Web Developer, “Kessler Syndrome is Over Hyped”, 5/21/2017, http://braino.org/essays...
2nc
stm adv
debris
13,365
753
84,273
./documents/ndtceda19/WakeForest/KlMa/Wake%20Forest-Klein-Marban-Neg-Kentucky-Round4.docx
615,927
N
Kentucky
4
Missouri State HV
Brandon Kelley
1ac - ssa w china 1nc - vagueness track II CP consult japan CP adv CP deterrence DA xi DA 2nc - adv CP case 1nr - xi DA deterrence DA 1ar kicked the aff and straight turned the xi DA
ndtceda19/WakeForest/KlMa/Wake%20Forest-Klein-Marban-Neg-Kentucky-Round4.docx
null
52,124
KlMa
Wake Forest KlMa
null
Ru.....
Kl.....
Al.....
Ma.....
19,292
WakeForest
Wake Forest
null
null
1,009
ndtceda19
NDT/CEDA 2019-20
2,019
cx
college
2
2,769,383
Taiwan deterrence strategies fail—China is motivated by sacred commitments and will risk everything for reunification
Moore 16,
Moore 16, Gregory J., The Power of “Sacred Commitments”: Chinese Interests in Taiwan, Foreign Policy Analysis (2016) 12, 214–235
based on interviews conducted with 28 Chinese America experts and 30 American experts about the crisis the statements of policy elites and the secondary literature “sacred commitments” are the single most important reason China wanted Taiwan back enough to risk war in 1995–1996 Sacred commitments are defined as a baske...
sacred commitments” are the most important reason China wanted Taiwan back enough to risk war commitments, not unlike religious practitioners go beyond the pragmatic or utilitarian Taiwan is fundamental because it is the single territory not yet returned to the motherland as Chinese politics shifted to nationalism as a...
Toward an Understanding of China’s Interests in Taiwan Moving to an analysis of the interests that drove Beijing in the Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1995–1996, this study employs a tripartite methodology8 based on (i) interviews conducted with 28 Chinese America watchers/IR experts and 30 American Chinawatchers/IR experts9 ...
49,734
<h4>Taiwan deterrence strategies fail—China is motivated by <u>sacred commitments</u> and will <u>risk everything</u><strong> for reunification</h4><p>Moore 16, </strong>Gregory J., The Power of “Sacred Commitments”: Chinese Interests in Taiwan, Foreign Policy Analysis (2016) 12, 214–235</p><p>Toward an Understanding o...
1ac – Greenhill Tournament
Taiwan War
null
3,799
409
87,526
./documents/hspolicy19/MontgomeryBell/BaMe/Montgomery%20Bell-Barton-Meacham-Aff-Greenhill-Finals.docx
717,154
A
Greenhill
Finals
Whitney Young MM
Wheeler, Morrow, McFadden
1AC - Taiwan 2NR - Spark and Bunkers CP
hspolicy19/MontgomeryBell/BaMe/Montgomery%20Bell-Barton-Meacham-Aff-Greenhill-Finals.docx
null
61,133
BaMe
Montgomery Bell BaMe
null
Ad.....
Ba.....
Sa.....
Me.....
21,322
MontgomeryBell
Montgomery Bell
TN
null
1,018
hspolicy19
HS Policy 2019-20
2,019
cx
hs
2
2,305,594
Slow growth causes extinction
Haas 17
Haas 17 [Richard Haas, President of the Council on Foreign Relations, previously served as Director of Policy Planning for the US State Department (2001-2003), and was President George W. Bush's special envoy to Northern Ireland and Coordinator for the Future of Afghanistan.] “A World in Disarray: American Foreign Poli...
the burden of creating and maintaining order at the regional or global level will fall on the United States no other country or group of countries has either the capacity or the mind-set to build a global order Nor can order ever be expected to emerge automatically The United States cannot remain aloof, much less unaff...
the burden of maintaining order will fall on the U S no other country has the capacity or mind-set no country can contend with the global climate maintain trading combat terrorism disease or maintain order in the Middle East Europe and Asia In order to lead the U S needs to put its house in order the U S cannot lead if...
A large portion of the burden of creating and maintaining order at the regional or global level will fall on the United States. This is inevitable for several reasons, only one of which is that the United States is and will likely remain the most powerful country in the world for decades to come. The corollary to this ...
5,813
<h4>Slow growth causes extinction </h4><p><strong>Haas 17</strong> [Richard Haas, President of the Council on Foreign Relations, previously served as Director of Policy Planning for the US State Department (2001-2003), and was President George W. Bush's special envoy to Northern Ireland and Coordinator for the Future ...
1AC – NIEC
null
1AC – Growth
4,043
899
72,670
./documents/hsld20/Peninsula/Ra/Peninsula-Ramireddy-Aff-Apple%20Valley-Round1.docx
870,275
A
Apple Valley
1
Lake Highland KS
Rex Evans
1AC NIEC v1 1NC Spec Jobs Particularism NC 1AR All 2NR Spec 2AR Spec
hsld20/Peninsula/Ra/Peninsula-Ramireddy-Aff-Apple%20Valley-Round1.docx
null
73,622
AnRa
Peninsula AnRa
null
An.....
Ra.....
null
null
24,672
Peninsula
Peninsula
CA
null
1,028
hsld20
HS LD 2020-21
2,020
ld
hs
1
1,938,337
Bioterror’s on par with nuke war – COVID makes it likelier.
Walsh 20
Walsh 20 – Bryan Walsh covers emerging technology and geopolitics for Axios, internally citing a 2018 pandemic simulation put on by the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Richard Pilch of the Middlebury Institute of International Studies, and Kevin Esvelt, a biologist at the MIT Media Lab and a member of the CDC...
COVID-19 only underscores the threat posed by pathogens deliberately engineered and released gene editing and DNA synthesis made the creation of more virulent pathogens easier overwhelming scientific evidence indicates the novel coronavirus was not deliberately engineered engineered pandemics are widely considered the ...
evidence indicates coronavirus was not engineered engineered pandemics are the biggest existential risk facing humanity simulation featured virus that combined common cold with mortality of 75% a state like Korea or terrorist may be influenced by COVID to consider biological weapons "If you've been trained you can make...
The immense human and economic toll of the COVID-19 pandemic only underscores the threat posed by pathogens that could be deliberately engineered and released. Why it matters: New technology like gene editing and DNA synthesis has made the creation of more virulent pathogens easier. Yet security and regulation efforts ...
4,056
<h4>Bioterror’s on par with <u>nuke war</u> – COVID makes it <u>likelier</u>.</h4><p><strong>Walsh 20</strong> – Bryan Walsh covers emerging technology and geopolitics for Axios, internally citing a 2018 pandemic simulation put on by the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Richard Pilch of the Middlebury Institut...
1nc
6
null
18,200
511
57,196
./documents/hspolicy20/Mamaroneck/DeRu/Mamaroneck-DeVito-Rubin-Neg-Trevian-Round4.docx
734,046
N
Trevian
4
Washburn Rural JD
Evan Winden
1ac -13th amendment 1nc -t enact -t subsets -constitutional amendment counterplan -courts counterplan -elections disad -sop disad -court cap disad 2nr -elections disad -constitutional amendment counterplan
hspolicy20/Mamaroneck/DeRu/Mamaroneck-DeVito-Rubin-Neg-Trevian-Round4.docx
null
62,630
DeRu
Mamaroneck DeRu
null
De.....
De.....
Ve.....
Ru.....
21,706
Mamaroneck
Mamaroneck
NY
null
1,019
hspolicy20
HS Policy 2020-21
2,020
cx
hs
2
3,162,278
That goes global and draws in every major nuclear power
Benjamin 17
Medea Benjamin 17, co-founder of Global Exchange and CODEPINK: Women for Peace, 7/29/17, “Urgent Warning: Time to Hit the Reset Button on US-Korean Policy,” https://www.commondreams.org/views/2017/07/29/urgent-warning-time-hit-reset-button-us-korean-policy
threat of an unprovoked US nuclear attack gives North Korea good reason to want its own nuclear arsenal the North Korean leadership is not acting irrationally any outbreak of hostilities would be devastating war on the Korean Peninsula would draw in other nuclear armed states and major powers, including China, Russia a...
war on Korea would draw in other nuclear states and major powers China, Russia and Japan. This region has the largest militaries and economies in the world half the world’s population strike on the North’s nuclear capabilities could reignite the Korean War Given the specter of nuclear war, the rational policy is de-esc...
The United States has also long held a “pre-emptive first strike” policy towards North Korea. This frightening threat of an unprovoked US nuclear attack gives North Korea good reason to want its own nuclear arsenal. North Korea’s leadership also looks at the fate of Iraq’s Saddam Hussein and Libya’s Muammar Gaddafi, le...
2,778
<h4>That goes global and draws in every major nuclear power </h4><p>Medea <strong>Benjamin 17</strong>, co-founder of Global Exchange and CODEPINK: Women for Peace, 7/29/17, “Urgent Warning: Time to Hit the Reset Button on US-Korean Policy,” https://www.commondreams.org/views/2017/07/29/urgent-warning-time-hit-reset-bu...
1ac—standard
null
Crisis Stability Advantage
11,457
308
102,417
./documents/ndtceda18/Northwestern/ByUn/Northwestern-Byrne-Unni-Aff-Clay-Round1.docx
607,582
A
Clay
1
Wisconsin-Madison DK
Eli Brennan
1AC - NFU 1NC - Security Midterms Exec Flex ESR CP 2NR - ESR CP
ndtceda18/Northwestern/ByUn/Northwestern-Byrne-Unni-Aff-Clay-Round1.docx
null
51,525
ByUn
Northwestern ByUn
null
AJ.....
By.....
Dh.....
Un.....
19,208
Northwestern
Northwestern
null
null
1,008
ndtceda18
NDT/CEDA 2018-19
2,018
cx
college
2
730,332
No risk of endless warfare
GRAY ‘7
Colin, GRAY, Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies and Professor of International Relations and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading, graduate of the Universities of Manchester and Oxford, Founder and Senior Associate to the National Institute for Public Policy, ‘7 [July 2007, “The Implications of Pree...
In the hands of a paranoid political leader, prevention could be a policy for endless warfare. However, the American political system, with its checks and balances, was designed explicitly for the purpose of constraining the executive from folly. Both the Vietnam and the contemporary Iraq experiences reveal clearly th...
In the hands of a paranoid leader, prevention could be a policy for endless warfare. However, the American system was designed for the purpose of constraining the executive Vietnam and Iraq reveal war is disciplined by public attitudes the claim that a policy which includes the preventive option might lead to a search ...
7. A policy that favors preventive warfare expresses a futile quest for absolute security. It could do so. Most controversial policies contain within them the possibility of misuse. In the hands of a paranoid or boundlessly ambitious political leader, prevention could be a policy for endless warfare. However, the Ameri...
3,056
<h4>No risk of endless warfare </h4><p>Colin, <strong>GRAY</strong>, Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies and Professor of International Relations and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading, graduate of the Universities of Manchester and Oxford, Founder and Senior Associate to the National Institute for...
null
2AC
K
91,690
348
16,593
./documents/ndtceda15/Emory/SiKa/Emory-Sigalos-Karthikeyan-Aff-Dartmouth%20RR-Round2.docx
580,264
A
Dartmouth RR
2
Harvard HS
Jonah Feldman
1AC Iraq (ISIS and Russia Adv) 1NC Security K T-SignificantBases TPP DA End Drones CP Case 2NR Security K Case
ndtceda15/Emory/SiKa/Emory-Sigalos-Karthikeyan-Aff-Dartmouth%20RR-Round2.docx
null
49,644
SiKa
Emory SiKa
null
Ja.....
Si.....
Vi.....
Ka.....
18,939
Emory
Emory
null
null
1,005
ndtceda15
NDT/CEDA 2015-16
2,015
cx
college
2
2,402,724
[1] Death outweighs— [a] agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security—my framework constrains every NC and K and [b] biological life is a prerequisite to any alternative advocacy [c] it’s the worst form of evil
Paterson 3
Paterson 3 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics.
death ontologically destroys the current existent subject independently of calculations about better or worse . Such an evil need not be consciously experienced Anything that drastically interferes in the process of maintaining the person in existence is an objective evil death itself can be credibly thought of as ...
death ontologically destroys the current existent subject independently of calculations about better or worse Such an evil need not be consciously experienced Anything that interferes in the process of maintaining the person is an objective evil death can be thought of as a ‘primitive evil’ regardless of the extent to ...
Contrary to those accounts, I would argue that it is death per se that is really the objective evil for us, not because it deprives us of a prospective future of overall good judged better than the alter- native of non-being. It cannot be about harm to a former person who has ceased to exist, for no person actually suf...
2,171
<h4><strong>[1] Death outweighs— [a] agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security—my framework constrains every NC and K and [b] biological life is a prerequisite to any alternative advocacy [c] it’s the worst form of evil</h4><p>Paterson 3</strong> – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Islan...
1AC
‘Advantage 1: Climate Change
FW
32,578
1,478
77,236
./documents/hsld20/WestRanch/ve/West%20Ranch-venkatasuramanian-Aff-Seattle%20Academy-Round1.docx
877,001
A
Seattle Academy
1
forgot
forgot
!acclimate automation neg welfare union DAUBI all all all
hsld20/WestRanch/ve/West%20Ranch-venkatasuramanian-Aff-Seattle%20Academy-Round1.docx
null
73,906
shve
West Ranch shve
null
sh.....
ve.....
null
null
24,771
WestRanch
West Ranch
CA
null
1,028
hsld20
HS LD 2020-21
2,020
ld
hs
1
4,772,375
Movement is a critical vector point for Disease spread.
Findlater and Bogoch 18
Findlater and Bogoch 18, Aidan, and Isaac I. Bogoch. "Human mobility and the global spread of infectious diseases: a focus on air travel." Trends in parasitology 34.9 (2018): 772-783. (Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada)//Elmer
Greater human mobility is leading to an increase in the frequency and reach of infectious disease epidemics. Air travel can rapidly connect any two points on the planet, and this has the potential to cause swift and broad dissemination of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases that may pose a threat to global hea...
Greater human mobility is leading to an increase in the frequency and reach of infectious disease epidemics. rapidly connect cause swift and broad dissemination of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases that may pose a threat to global health security witnessed diseases well beyond previously understood geographi...
Greater human mobility, largely driven by air travel, is leading to an increase in the frequency and reach of infectious disease epidemics. Air travel can rapidly connect any two points on the planet, and this has the potential to cause swift and broad dissemination of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases that ...
2,636
<h4>Movement is a <u>critical</u> vector point for Disease spread. </h4><p><strong>Findlater and Bogoch 18<u></strong>, Aidan, and Isaac I. Bogoch. "Human mobility and the global spread of infectious diseases: a focus on air travel." Trends in parasitology 34.9 (2018): 772-783. (Department of Medicine, University of To...
1NC
Vaccine PIC
null
1,700,391
260
167,119
./documents/hsld22/PolytechnicSchool/FiFi/PolytechnicSchool-FiFi-Neg-UNLV-Round-3.docx
972,934
N
UNLV
3
Canyon Crest KM
Thomas-McGinnis, Conal
ac - whole res, econ, organized crime nc - populism, vaccine pic, case ar - pic, populism, economy advantage 2nr - pic 2ar - economy
hsld22/PolytechnicSchool/FiFi/PolytechnicSchool-FiFi-Neg-UNLV-Round-3.docx
2023-02-07 20:26:22
84,713
FiFi
Polytechnic School FiFi
null
Fi.....
Fi.....
null
null
27,751
PolytechnicSchool
Polytechnic School
CA
11,154
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
2,818,453
Only U.S.-Russian war causes extinction
Barratt 17
Owen Cotton-Barratt et al, 17 - PhD in Pure Mathematics, Oxford, Lecturer in Mathematics at Oxford, Research Associate at the Future of Humanity Institute; “Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance,” https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf
even in an all-out nuclear war between the U S and Russia neither country’s population is likely to be completely destroyed by the direct effects of the blast The aftermath could be much worse burning flammable materials could send massive amounts of smoke into the atmosphere a nuclear winter an all-out exchange of 4,0...
even in an all-out nuclear war between the U S and Russia aftermath could be worse could send massive smoke into the atmosphere a nuclear winter exchange on this scale is only possible between the US and Russia a small regional nuclear war are unlikely to lead to human extinction given the relatively modest size of the...
The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki demonstrated the unprecedented destructive power of nuclear weapons. However, even in an all-out nuclear war between the United States and Russia, despite horrific casualties, neither country’s population is likely to be completely destroyed by the direct effects of the blast, fir...
2,526
<h4><u>Only</u> U.S.-Russian war causes extinction</h4><p>Owen Cotton-<strong>Barratt </strong>et al,<strong> 17</strong> - PhD in Pure Mathematics, Oxford, Lecturer in Mathematics at Oxford, Research Associate at the Future of Humanity Institute; “Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance,” https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/...
OPEN SOURCE – NEW TRIER – QUARTERS
1ac
1ac – deterrence
46
1,991
89,212
./documents/hspolicy19/WashburnRural/KePe/Washburn%20Rural-Kessler-Peter-Aff-New%20Trier-Quarters.docx
722,279
A
New Trier
Quarters
north broward df
aj byrne - kristen lowe - jack moore
1ac - ukraine 1nc - deterrence turn settlerism k t subsets consult jcs lethal weapons pic 2nr - settlerism k
hspolicy19/WashburnRural/KePe/Washburn%20Rural-Kessler-Peter-Aff-New%20Trier-Quarters.docx
null
61,687
KePe
Washburn Rural KePe
null
Gr.....
Ke.....
Ra.....
Pe.....
21,473
WashburnRural
Washburn Rural
KS
null
1,018
hspolicy19
HS Policy 2019-20
2,019
cx
hs
2
1,076,124
No BioD collapse – meta-analysis demonstrates slow pace and resilience.
Hance Interviewing Montoya 18
Hance Interviewing Montoya 18 Jeremy Hance at the Guardian, interviewing José M. Montoya from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique at the University Paul Sabatier and internally citing Ian Donohue from the School of Natural Sciences at Trinity College Dublin and Stuart L. Pimm from the Nicholas School of th...
what’s fascinating about the Permian-Triassic extinction or the Great Dying is that anything survived at all. Life is so ridiculously adaptable that thousands of species make it through whatever killed off nearly everything the Permian-Triassic extinction event shows resilience in the long-term “It makes no sense that ...
what’s fascinating about the Great Dying is anything survived Life is so adaptable thousands of species make it through everything the Triassic shows resilience “It makes no sense there exists a tipping point of biod which the Earth will collapse,” there isn’t evidence even locally. If the planet didn’t collapse after ...
But what’s arguably most fascinating about this event – known as the Permian-Triassic extinction or more poetically, the Great Dying – is the fact that anything survived at all. Life, it seems, is so ridiculously adaptable that not only did thousands of species make it through whatever killed off nearly everything (no ...
2,858
<h4>No BioD collapse – <u>meta-analysis</u> demonstrates <u>slow pace</u> and <u>resilience</u>.</h4><p><strong>Hance Interviewing Montoya 18</strong> Jeremy Hance at the Guardian, interviewing José M. Montoya from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique at the University Paul Sabatier and internally citing Ia...
1nc vs st marks r6
null
2
6,851
864
27,438
./documents/hspolicy21/Leland/ShGa/Leland-Shih-Gao-Neg-palm-Round6.docx
749,409
N
palm
6
st marks wc
andrew halverson
1ac right to water 1nc - k-set col 2nr - k-set col
hspolicy21/Leland/ShGa/Leland-Shih-Gao-Neg-palm-Round6.docx
null
63,938
ShGa
Leland ShGa
null
Co.....
Sh.....
Na.....
Ga.....
22,028
Leland
Leland
CA
null
1,020
hspolicy21
HS Policy 2021-22
2,021
cx
hs
2
1,073,865
Climate does not cause extinction — scientific consensus.
Kerr et al. 19
Kerr et al. 19 – Dr. Amber Kerr, Energy and Resources PhD at the University of California-Berkeley, known agroecologist, former coordinator of the USDA California Climate Hub. Dr. Daniel Swain, Climate Science PhD at UCLA, climate scientist, a research fellow at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Dr. Andrew ...
‘High Likelihood Of Human Civilization Coming To An End’ Within 30 Years misrepresents the report as a likely projection rather than an exploration of an intrinsically unlikely worst case scenario the article tends to gloss over important caveats and probabilities given in the report a “high probability” of human civil...
Likelihood misrepresents an unlikely worst case scenario in the most unlikely, “long-tail” scenario where feedbacks are more severe THEN there is likelihood But authors state this scenario is beyond capacity to model or estimate conclusion of likelihood civilisation will end is false non-scientist writers exaggerate so...
Scientists who reviewed IFLScience’s story found that it failed to provide sufficient context for this report—differentiating, for example, between speculative claims and descriptions of peer-reviewed research. In particular, the story’s headline (“New Report Warns ‘High Likelihood Of Human Civilization Coming To An En...
8,943
<h4>Climate does not cause extinction — <u>scientific consensus</u>.</h4><p><strong>Kerr et al. 19</strong> – Dr. Amber Kerr, Energy and Resources PhD at the University of California-Berkeley, known agroecologist, former coordinator of the USDA California Climate Hub. Dr. Daniel Swain, Climate Science PhD at UCLA, clim...
1nc — gbx octas
ON
1nc — adaptation advantage
7,355
969
27,261
./documents/hspolicy21/LawrenceFreeState/PeRu/Lawrence%20Free%20State-Persinger-Rupp-Neg-01%20-%20Glenbrooks-Octas.docx
749,310
N
01 - Glenbrooks
Octas
MBA HM
Kevin Hirn, Magi Ortiz, Chris Paredes
1ac - sdgs 1nc - t-regulation t-vagueness cap k epa da geoengineering turn ccs turn 2nr - t-regulation
hspolicy21/LawrenceFreeState/PeRu/Lawrence%20Free%20State-Persinger-Rupp-Neg-01%20-%20Glenbrooks-Octas.docx
null
63,933
PeRu
Lawrence Free State PeRu
null
Aa.....
Pe.....
Se.....
Ru.....
22,026
LawrenceFreeState
Lawrence Free State
KS
null
1,020
hspolicy21
HS Policy 2021-22
2,021
cx
hs
2
4,185,656
The world is more peaceful than ever – hegemony collapse guarantees nuclear annihilation
Barnett 11,
Thomas P.M. Barnett 11, Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis & Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transform...
We live in a time of arguably the greatest structural change in the global order yet endured with this historical moment's most amazing feature being its lack of mass violence if we do take the step to prevent larger-scale killing by engaging in some killing of our own, we will not be adding to some fantastically imagi...
We live in a global order with lack of mass violence As the guardian of globalization, the U.S. military has been the greatest force for peace the world has ever known. Had America been removed there would now be no identifiable human civilization left, once nuclear weapons entered America changed everything by usherin...
It is worth first examining the larger picture: We live in a time of arguably the greatest structural change in the global order yet endured, with this historical moment's most amazing feature being its relative and absolute lack of mass violence. That is something to consider when Americans contemplate military interv...
3,356
<h4>The world is <u>more peaceful than ever</u> – hegemony collapse guarantees <u>nuclear annihilation</h4><p></u>Thomas P.M. <strong>Barnett 11,<u></strong> Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis & Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American ...
1NC
OFF
3 – Heg DA
1,367
466
143,858
./documents/hspolicy22/LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy/ChHu/LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy-ChHu-Neg-Michigan-Octas.docx
943,136
N
Michigan
Octas
LRC BM
Gershom Chan, Brandon Puchowitz, Kyujin Derradji
1AC - Queer Tech 1NC - Framework - Cap K - Heg DA - Consensus DA - Reform NATO CP 2NC - Framework 1NR - Heg DA 2NR - Framework
hspolicy22/LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy/ChHu/LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy-ChHu-Neg-Michigan-Octas.docx
2022-11-07 05:19:15
79,342
ChHu
Liberal Arts And Science Academy ChHu
null
Sa.....
Ch.....
Al.....
Hu.....
26,584
LiberalArtsAndScienceAcademy
Liberal Arts And Science Academy
TX
null
2,002
hspolicy22
HS Policy 2022-23
2,022
cx
hs
2
3,476,816
No burnout for diseases in the US
Bar-Yam 16
Yaneer Bar-Yam 16, physicist and complex systems scientist, Founding President of the New England Complex Systems Institute, Ph.D., S.B., physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Transition to extinction: Pandemics in a connected world,” NECSI, 7-3-2016, http://necsi.edu/research/social/pandemics/transition
When we introduce long range transportation into the model, the success of more aggressive strains changes use long range transportation to find new hosts and escape local extinction the more transportation routes introduced into the model, the more higher aggressive pathogens are able to survive and spread there is a ...
aggressive strains use transportation to escape local extinction there is a point at which the entire host population dies With increasing global transportation, human civilization approaching such a critical threshold historical evidence is not a good guide A key about the transition to extinction is its suddenness de...
[ FIGURE 1 OMITTED ] The video (Figure 1) shows a simple model of hosts and pathogens we have used to study evolutionary dynamics. In the animation, the green are hosts and red are pathogens. As pathogens infect hosts, they spread across the system. If you look closely, you will see that the red changes tint from time ...
4,942
<h4>No burnout for diseases in the US</h4><p>Yaneer <strong>Bar-Yam 16</strong>, physicist and complex systems scientist, Founding President of the New England Complex Systems Institute, Ph.D., S.B., physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Transition to extinction: Pandemics in a connected world,” NECSI, 7-3-2...
1AC
null
Primary Care
2,190
1,636
115,463
./documents/ndtceda17/Kentucky/BaTr/Kentucky-Bannister-Trufanov-Aff-Dartmouth%20RR-Round1.docx
597,543
A
Dartmouth RR
1
Northwestern CE
Harris
1AC - NEW Population Health Aff Primary Care ADV Food ADV 1NC - Primary Care Adv CP Opioids Adv CP Midterms DA Deficits DA Taxes DA 2NR - Deficits DA
ndtceda17/Kentucky/BaTr/Kentucky-Bannister-Trufanov-Aff-Dartmouth%20RR-Round1.docx
null
50,912
BaTr
Kentucky BaTr
null
Da.....
Ba.....
An.....
Tr.....
19,121
Kentucky
Kentucky
null
null
1,007
ndtceda17
NDT/CEDA 2017-18
2,017
cx
college
2
3,493,518
Topicality must be a voting issue—the role of the ballot is to vote for whoever does the better debating over the resolutional question. Any 2AC role for debate must explain why we switch sides and why there has to be a winner and a loser—switching sides within the competitive yet limited bounds of the topic performs t...
Poscher, 16
Poscher, 16—director at the Institute for Staatswissenschaft and Philosophy of Law at the University of Freiburg (Ralf, “Why We Argue About the Law: An Agonistic Account of Legal Disagreement”, Metaphilosophy of Law, Tomasz Gizbert-Studnicki/Adam Dyrda/Pawel Banas (eds.), Hart Publishing, forthcoming, dml)
the idea of negation is central the “labour of the negative” points to disagreements as a necessary ingredient of the process of practical reasoning. Only if our reasoning is exposed to contrary arguments can we test its merits. We must go through the “labor of the negative” to have trust in our deliberative processes ...
Only if our reasoning is exposed to contrary arguments can we test its merits. We must go through the “labor of the negative” group polarization can be countered by disagreement opposing positions will profit from looking the negative in the face and tarrying with it entering into an exchange of arguments can test and ...
Hegel’s dialectical thinking powerfully exploits the idea of negation. It is a central feature of spirit and consciousness that they have the power to negate. The spirit “is this power only by looking the negative in the face and tarrying with it. This […] is the magical power that converts it into being.”102 The tarry...
15,624
<h4>Topicality <u>must be a voting issue</u>—the <u>role of the ballot</u> is to vote for whoever does the <u>better debating</u> over the resolutional question. Any 2AC role for debate must explain <u>why we switch sides</u> and why there <u>has to be a winner and a loser</u>—<u>switching sides</u> within the <u>compe...
null
1NC
T
14,649
1,154
116,154
./documents/ndtceda17/Michigan/UnVa/Michigan-Ungerleider-Vance-Neg-Kentucky-Round6.docx
598,603
N
Kentucky
6
Southern California Berger-Larsen
Manchester
1AC- Gender Purity 1NC- T 2NR- T
ndtceda17/Michigan/UnVa/Michigan-Ungerleider-Vance-Neg-Kentucky-Round6.docx
null
50,964
UnVa
Michigan UnVa
null
Sa.....
Un.....
Th.....
Va.....
19,126
Michigan
Michigan
null
null
1,007
ndtceda17
NDT/CEDA 2017-18
2,017
cx
college
2
4,614,441
Open borders are the essential catalyst for African political and economic stability, only immediate ratification prevents continent-wide downturn in the wake of COVID.
Ikhuoria 22
Ikhuoria 22 [Edwin Ikhuoria is ONE’s Africa Executive Director, leading ONE’s advocacy work across the continent. Previously he was Senior Advisor (Policy and Advocacy) to the Africa Executive Director. With over 19 years in the development sector, Edwin previously managed the Transparency and Accountability portfolio ...
AfCFTA Africa could realize an additional $450 billion in regional income growth by 2035 and lift 30 million people out of extreme poverty , its full potential will not be unlocked if we do no improve the continent’s labor mobility to ensure that the right skills are available at the right place and the right time. but...
AfCFTA potential not unlocked if countries reluctant to establish Free Movement critical for integrated continent migration good for development Trade and tourism Rwanda trade increased 50% Closing gaps: Skills missing exist elsewhere enable firms to find talents boost productivity easing demographic pressure Employmen...
One year on since the launch of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), the potential benefits remain enormous. Africa could realize an additional $450 billion in regional income growth by 2035 and lift 30 million people out of extreme poverty, as more citizens find decent employment.[1] However, while tradin...
5,528
<h4><strong>Open borders are the essential catalyst for African political and economic stability, only immediate ratification prevents continent-wide downturn in the wake of COVID. </h4><p>Ikhuoria 22</strong> [Edwin Ikhuoria is ONE’s Africa Executive Director, leading ONE’s advocacy work across the continent. Previous...
null
null
1AC ---Development
1,699,030
314
153,069
./documents/hsld22/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory/OlZh/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory-OlZh-Aff-The-48th-Churchill-Classic-TOC-and-NIETOC-Qualifier-Round-5.docx
960,754
A
The 48th Churchill Classic TOC and NIETOC Qualifier
5
Westwo Aarav Mahesh
Blanton
1AC - Africa 1NC - Cap K, Populism DA, Wildlife PIC 1AR - condo bad, pics bad, 2NR - Wildlife, condo, pics, case 2AR - Pics bad
hsld22/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory/OlZh/StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory-OlZh-Aff-The-48th-Churchill-Classic-TOC-and-NIETOC-Qualifier-Round-5.docx
2023-01-07 21:35:54
80,561
OlZh
Strake Jesuit College Preparatory OlZh
Hi. If I don't meet any of your theory interpretations, please message me what to change. Like you, I also want to set the best norms for debate. If not, then by default I meet these theory interpretations.
Ol.....
Zh.....
null
null
27,049
StrakeJesuitCollegePreparatory
Strake Jesuit College Preparatory
TX
36,501
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
130,724
Global democratic consolidation prevents world-ending conflict
Orts 18
Eric Orts 18, the Guardsmark Professor at The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 6/27/18, “Foreign Affairs: Six Future Scenarios (and a Seventh),” https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/foreign-affairs-six-future-scenarios-seventh-eric-orts
There is another possible future in which Xi, Erdogan, and others construct regimes that are authoritarian and nationalist this world would be very dark: nationalist wars with risks of escalation into global nuclear conflict, further digital militarization (even Terminator-style smart military robots), and unchecked cl...
There is a possible future in which Xi and others construct regimes that are authoritarian and nationalist this world would be nationalist wars with escalation into global nuclear conflict digital militarization Terminator-style nationalism stand in the way of solving risks of thermonuclear war and climate catastrophe
7. Fascist Nationalism. There is another possible future that the Foreign Affairs scenarios do not contemplate, and it’s a dark world in which Trump, Putin, Xi, Erdogan, and others construct regimes that are authoritarian and nationalist. Fascism is possible in the United States and elsewhere if big business can be sed...
1,088
<h4>Global democratic consolidation prevents world-ending conflict </h4><p>Eric <strong>Orts 18</strong>, the Guardsmark Professor at The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 6/27/18, “Foreign Affairs: Six Future Scenarios (and a Seventh),” https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/foreign-affairs-six-future-scenarios-seve...
1AC
War Power Advantage
null
1,950
422
1,799
./documents/openev/2019/NHSI/Saudi Arabia Aff - Starter Set - Northwestern 2019.docx
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
3,719,828
Prioritize a rigorous culture of justification instead of a culture of assertion or presumption. Without a bridge for subjecting beliefs to a rigorous test, we are left with might-makes-right.
MISAK ‘8
Cheryl MISAK Philosophy @ Toronto ‘8 “A Culture of Justification: The Pragmatist's Epistemic Argument for Democracy” Episteme 5 (1) p. 100-104
Rorty is really a relativist, holding one must “treat the epistemic standards of any and every epistemic community as on a par Rorty leaves us with no way of adjudicating claims that arise in different communities. it is incompatible with his commitment to his own set of beliefs and with his practice of arguing or givi...
Rorty leaves us with no way of adjudicating claims in different communities There is nothing incoherent about asserting your community has it right, for all “right” amounts to is what your community agrees upon giving him nothing to say against Schmitt Schmitt argued there is no truth in politics politics is the arena ...
The charge that Rorty has had to face again and again is that he really is a relativist, holding that one belief is no better than another, and that one must “treat the epistemic standards of any and every epistemic community as on a par” (Haack 1995, 136). Rorty, that is, leaves us with no way of adjudicating claims t...
12,059
<h4>Prioritize a rigorous culture of justification instead of a culture of assertion or presumption. Without a bridge for subjecting beliefs to a rigorous test, we are left with might-makes-right.</h4><p>Cheryl <u><strong>MISAK</u></strong> Philosophy @ Toronto <u><strong>‘8</u></strong> “A Culture of Justification: T...
1NC
T
null
48,646
256
124,018
./documents/ndtceda16/Minnesota/AsLe/Minnesota-Asirvatham-Leburu-Neg-Gonzagadebatecomthejesuitinvitational-Round3.docx
591,332
N
Gonzagadebatecomthejesuitinvitational
3
Texas Keleman-McKinley
Solice
1NC and 2NR T
ndtceda16/Minnesota/AsLe/Minnesota-Asirvatham-Leburu-Neg-Gonzagadebatecomthejesuitinvitational-Round3.docx
null
50,431
AsLe
Minnesota AsLe
null
Ro.....
As.....
Te.....
Le.....
19,049
Minnesota
Minnesota
null
null
1,006
ndtceda16
NDT/CEDA 2016-17
2,016
cx
college
2
4,683,667
Integrated Economic Community is necessary for ASEAN Centrality and Leadership.
Drysdale 14
Drysdale 14 Peter Drysdale 5-12-2014 "Economic community key to ASEAN’s centrality" https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2014/05/12/economic-community-key-to-aseans-centrality/ (Editor at East Asia Forum)//Elmer
Against what were once considered long odds, ASEAN has become a central feature of Asian regional architecture is a bulwark of regional stability increasing prosperity and a pivotal element in the geopolitics of the whole Asian region but collectively they are a force that at critical points shapes regional outcomes an...
ASEAN is a bulwark of regional stability increasing prosperity and pivotal in the whole Asian region summit acceptance of new road to regional leadership ASEAN cusp of moving towards AEC a single market economic development was a high priority economic integration is prerequisite for its prosperity’. ASEAN holds key to...
Over the past few days ASEAN leaders met in Naypyidaw, the capital of Myanmar, for the first time ever at their 24th summit. Against what were once considered long odds, ASEAN has become a central feature of Asian regional architecture. It is a bulwark of regional stability and increasing prosperity in Southeast Asia a...
6,453
<h4>Integrated Economic Community is <u>necessary</u> for ASEAN <u>Centrality</u> and <u>Leadership</u>. </h4><p><strong>Drysdale 14</strong> Peter Drysdale 5-12-2014 "Economic community key to ASEAN’s centrality" https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2014/05/12/economic-community-key-to-aseans-centrality/<u> (Editor at East A...
null
1AC – Advantage
null
1,700,103
229
162,664
./documents/hsld22/Dulles/ViNa/Dulles-ViNa-Aff-TOC-Digital-Speech-and-Debate-Series-2-Round-5.docx
983,830
A
TOC Digital Speech and Debate Series 2
5
Colonial Forge SR
Gene Bressler
1ac - ASEAN 1nc - narration k, academy k, case 1ar - all 2n- all 2ar - all
hsld22/Dulles/ViNa/Dulles-ViNa-Aff-TOC-Digital-Speech-and-Debate-Series-2-Round-5.docx
2023-02-25 21:49:31
79,552
ViNa
Dulles ViNa
Hi. For diclosure, dm me on facebook. It's just my name (friend req me first). email: natarajavishnu16@gmail.com phone: 3468181945 he/him SO - September October ND - November December JF - January February G - Generic 0 - basic info
Vi.....
Na.....
null
null
26,663
Dulles
Dulles
TX
null
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
2,602,264
Scenario analysis is pedagogically valuable – enhances creativity and self-reflexivity, deconstructs cognitive biases and flawed ontological assumptions, and enables the imagination and creation of alternative futures.
Barma et al. 16
Barma et al. 16 – (May 2016, [Advance Publication Online on 11/6/15], Naazneen Barma, PhD in Political Science from UC-Berkeley, Assistant Professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, Brent Durbin, PhD in Political Science from UC-Berkeley, Professor of Government at Smith College, Eric Lorb...
Over the past decade, the “cult of irrelevance” in political science has been lamented by a growing chorus Prominent scholars have diagnosed the gap made the case for why research is valuable for policymaking and offered ideas several initiatives have been formed Many focus on providing scholars with the skills, platfo...
the “cult of irrelevance” has been lamented by a growing chorus Prominent scholars have diagnosed the gap made the case for why research is valuable for policymaking, and offered several initiatives Yet enhancing communication is only one component Anothe is the generation of substantive research programs that are actu...
Over the past decade, the “cult of irrelevance” in political science scholarship has been lamented by a growing chorus (Putnam 2003; Nye 2009; Walt 2009). Prominent scholars of international affairs have diagnosed the roots of the gap between academia and policymaking, made the case for why political science research i...
17,149
<h4>Scenario analysis is pedagogically valuable – enhances creativity and self-reflexivity, deconstructs cognitive biases and flawed ontological assumptions, and enables the imagination and creation of alternative futures.</h4><p><strong>Barma et al. 16</strong> – (May 2016, [Advance Publication Online on 11/6/15], Naa...
1AC
Framing
null
1,569
2,269
105,329
./documents/hspolicy18/MontgomeryBellAcademy/PaSm/Montgomery%20Bell%20Academy-Pacconi-Smith-Aff-UNLV-Round1.docx
697,844
A
UNLV
1
Rosemont NW
Leo Doctorman
1AC - Asylum 2NR - Anti-blackness
hspolicy18/MontgomeryBellAcademy/PaSm/Montgomery%20Bell%20Academy-Pacconi-Smith-Aff-UNLV-Round1.docx
null
59,336
PaSm
Montgomery Bell Academy PaSm
null
Ja.....
Pa.....
Co.....
Sm.....
20,916
MontgomeryBellAcademy
Montgomery Bell Academy
null
null
1,017
hspolicy18
HS Policy 2018-19
2,018
cx
hs
2
4,492,751
US-China war goes nuclear
PoliSci PhD from MIT
Talmadge 18, Caitlin [PoliSci PhD from MIT, Government BA from Harvard, Prof of Security Studies at Georgetown’s Walsh School of Foreign Service.] “Beijing’s Nuclear Option.” Foreign Affairs. October 15, 2018. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option TG
As China’s power has grown in recent years, so, too, has the risk of war with the United States. Under President Xi Jinping, China has increased its political and economic pressure on Taiwan and built military installations on coral reefs in the South China Sea, fueling Washington’s fears that Chinese expansionism will...
China’s power has grown so has risk of war with U S pressure on Taiwan military installations in S C S expansionism will threaten U.S. allies and influence prospect of a military confrontation no longer odds going nuclear are higher China’s dismiss such concerns Blair estimated likelihood as nil assurance is misguided ...
As China’s power has grown in recent years, so, too, has the risk of war with the United States. Under President Xi Jinping, China has increased its political and economic pressure on Taiwan and built military installations on coral reefs in the South China Sea, fueling Washington’s fears that Chinese expansionism will...
3,132
<h4>US-China war goes nuclear</h4><p><u>Talmadge 18</u>, Caitlin [<strong>PoliSci PhD from MIT</strong>, Government BA from Harvard, Prof of Security Studies at Georgetown’s Walsh School of Foreign Service.] “Beijing’s Nuclear Option.” Foreign Affairs. October 15, 2018. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/201...
null
1AC - Taiwan
null
560
2,191
147,497
./documents/hsld22/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley/JaKu/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley-JaKu-Aff-Glenbrooks-Speech-and-Debate-Tournament-Round-5.docx
948,190
A
Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament
5
Marlborough HL
Bukowsky, Holden
1ac - prag, sand 1nc - effects t, econ da, pic 1ar - case, t, condo, spec status, must not make t no rvis,pics bad 2nr - condo, spec status, combo shell, pics bad, pic, case 2ar - case, pic
hsld22/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley/JaKu/BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley-JaKu-Aff-Glenbrooks-Speech-and-Debate-Tournament-Round-5.docx
2022-11-20 20:53:53
80,026
JaKu
BASIS Independent School Silicon Valley JaKu
Hey I'm Jason - contact at jocosejason123@gmail.com
Ja.....
Ku.....
null
null
26,911
BASISIndependentSchoolSiliconValley
BASIS Independent School Silicon Valley
CA
110,038
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
1,092,046
The perm removes the conflict by aligning states and fed as partners at the onset—vaporizes the benefit of executive bargaining
Leonard 10
Elizabeth Weeks Leonard 10, Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Georgia and Professor of Law at the University of Kansas, JD from the University of Georgia, BA from Columbia University, “Rhetorical Federalism: The Value of State-Based Dissent to Federal Health Reform”, Hofstra Law Review, Fall 2010, 39 Hofst...
Uncooperative federalism suggests that when states actively refuse with the fed resistance may be beneficial. To understand it is helpful to place in the context of the following matrix The vertical axis represents the normative position of what states should do: either they should serve as rivals or challengers to the...
Uncoop suggests states actively refuse states should either serve as rivals or allies the affirmative case for challengers recognizes value of friction and jarring Coop by contrast, envisions working together Friction fosters dialogue, accountability, participation Uncoop prefers ongoing conflict sparking beneficial re...
A. Uncooperative Federalism Uncooperative federalism, a theory articulated by Jessica Bulman-Pozen and Heather Gerken, suggests that even when states actively refuse to cooperate with the federal government, their resistance may be beneficial. To understand uncooperative federalism, it is helpful to place the theory in...
7,488
<h4>The perm <u>removes the conflict</u> by <u>aligning</u> states and fed as <u>partners</u> at the <u>onset</u>—<u>vaporizes the benefit</u> of executive bargaining</h4><p>Elizabeth Weeks <strong>Leonard 10</strong>, Visiting Professor of Law at the University of Georgia and Professor of Law at the University of Kans...
1NR
CP — UCF
2NC — !D — Food Wars
37,983
315
25,818
./documents/hspolicy21/BlueValleyNorthwest/MoYa/Blue%20Valley%20Northwest-Mojica-Yang-Neg-Colleyville-Round4.docx
744,420
N
Colleyville
4
Shawnee Mission South SS
Adam Hall
1AC - Hydropower Dams 1NC T - Subsets CP - UCF CP - Adv CP - States DA - Tradeoff K - Capitalism 2NR - T
hspolicy21/BlueValleyNorthwest/MoYa/Blue%20Valley%20Northwest-Mojica-Yang-Neg-Colleyville-Round4.docx
null
63,398
MoYa
Blue Valley Northwest MoYa
null
Al.....
Mo.....
Sa.....
Ya.....
21,891
BlueValleyNorthwest
Blue Valley Northwest
KS
null
1,020
hspolicy21
HS Policy 2021-22
2,021
cx
hs
2
1,654,789
The liberal order prevents extinction from nuclear war, warming, and rogue tech development
Harari 18
Yuval Noah Harari 18, Professor of History at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, “We need a post-liberal order now,” The Economist, https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/09/26/we-need-a-post-liberal-order-now
the world has been governed by the global liberal order the idea that all humans share some core experiences, values and interests, and that no human group is inherently superior Cooperation is therefore more sensible than conflict the global liberal order has proved superior to all alternatives Nevertheless, people al...
If liberal order is collapsing, what might replace it? world as walled-but-friendly fortresses has been tried—and failed attempts to divide world in war and genocide common problems only solved through coop nuclear war, climate change and tech You cannot build a wall against winter or warming An AI or biotech arms race...
For several generations, the world has been governed by what today we call “the global liberal order”. Behind these lofty words is the idea that all humans share some core experiences, values and interests, and that no human group is inherently superior to all others. Cooperation is therefore more sensible than conflic...
10,884
<h4>The liberal order prevents <u>extinction</u> from nuclear war, warming, and rogue tech development</h4><p>Yuval Noah <strong>Harari 18</strong>, Professor of History at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, “We need a post-liberal order now,” The Economist, https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/09/26/we-need-a-post-...
Wiki Doc
3
null
3,705
893
49,442
./documents/ndtceda20/Emory/NaPa/Emory-Navarrete-Palmer-Neg-ADA-Round3.docx
617,429
N
ADA
3
Berkely BW
Alex Brown
null
ndtceda20/Emory/NaPa/Emory-Navarrete-Palmer-Neg-ADA-Round3.docx
null
52,229
NaPa
Emory NaPa
null
Ma.....
Na.....
Ja.....
Pa.....
19,313
Emory
Emory
null
null
1,010
ndtceda20
NDT/CEDA 2020-21
2,020
cx
college
2
2,764,200
That war goes nuclear because Chinese nuclear and conventional forces are intermingled
Talmadge 18
Talmadge 18 [Caitlin, Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, “Beijing’s Nuclear Option: Why a U.S.-China War Could Spiral Out of Control,” accessible online at https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option, pu...
As China’s power has grown so too has the risk of war with the U S Under Xi China has increased its pressure on Taiwan fueling Washington’s fears that Chinese expansionism will threaten U.S. allies and influence U.S. destroyers have transited the Taiwan Strait to loud protests from Beijing Meanwhile Trump has brought e...
China has increased pressure on Taiwan military confrontation from a Chinese campaign against Taiwan seems plausible China has nuc s intermingled with its conventional forces, making it difficult to attack one without the other Conventional forces generate pressures to escalate If U.S. operations endangered China’s nuc...
As China’s power has grown in recent years, so, too, has the risk of war with the United States. Under President Xi Jinping, China has increased its political and economic pressure on Taiwan and built military installations on coral reefs in the South China Sea, fueling Washington’s fears that Chinese expansionism will...
17,371
<h4>That war goes nuclear because Chinese nuclear and conventional forces are intermingled</h4><p><strong>Talmadge 18</strong> [Caitlin, Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, “Beijing’s Nuclear Option: Why a U.S.-China War Could Spiral Out of ...
1ac – Michigan Tournament
Taiwan War
null
560
2,191
87,531
./documents/hspolicy19/MontgomeryBell/BaMe/Montgomery%20Bell-Barton-Meacham-Aff-Michigan-Round1.docx
717,166
A
Michigan
1
New Trier DT
Nate Graziano
1AC - Taiwan 2NR - Deterrence DA
hspolicy19/MontgomeryBell/BaMe/Montgomery%20Bell-Barton-Meacham-Aff-Michigan-Round1.docx
null
61,133
BaMe
Montgomery Bell BaMe
null
Ad.....
Ba.....
Sa.....
Me.....
21,322
MontgomeryBell
Montgomery Bell
TN
null
1,018
hspolicy19
HS Policy 2019-20
2,019
cx
hs
2
659,541
Second, pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything.
Moen 16
Moen 16 [Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo “An Argument for Hedonism” Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281] SJDI
a widely shared judgment about intrinsic value and disvalue is that pleasure is intrinsically valuable and pain is intrinsically disvaluable. On virtually any proposed list of intrinsic values and disvalues (we will look at some of them below), pleasure is included among the intrinsic values and pain among the intrinsi...
there is something undeniably good about the way pleasure and something undeniably bad about pain asking what is pleasure for? is likely to reach an awkward end pleasure is choice worthy in itself we reach the end of value
Let us start by observing, empirically, that a widely shared judgment about intrinsic value and disvalue is that pleasure is intrinsically valuable and pain is intrinsically disvaluable. On virtually any proposed list of intrinsic values and disvalues (we will look at some of them below), pleasure is included among the...
2,521
<h4>Second, pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything.</h4><p><strong>Moen 16</strong> [Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo “An Argument for Hedonism” Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2...
null
1AC
1AC Framing
21,420
4,449
13,194
./documents/hsld19/DoughertyValley/Pa1/Dougherty%20Valley-PateI-Aff-Stanford-Round5.docx
835,849
A
Stanford
5
Melissa AG
Rodrigo Paramo
1ac- nokov4 1nc-militarism conventional war ct case 1ar-all perfcon 2nr-militarism perfcon case 2ar-all
hsld19/DoughertyValley/Pa1/Dougherty%20Valley-PateI-Aff-Stanford-Round5.docx
null
71,448
AaPa
Dougherty Valley AaPa
null
Aa.....
Pa.....
null
null
24,067
DoughertyValley
Dougherty Valley
CA
null
1,027
hsld19
HS LD 2019-20
2,019
ld
hs
1
1,999,614
Disadvantages inflate probability – multiplicative risk reduces it to zero, so you should have a low-threshold for zero-risk.
Conetta 98
Conetta 98 (Carl, Director of the Project on Defense Alternatives, Research Fellow of the Institute for Defense and Disarmament Studies, researcher and awarded author at the Pentagon, US State Department, US House Armed Services Committee, Army War College, National Defense University, and UNIDIR, “Dueling with Uncerta...
the effusion of improbable conflict scenarios affects public policy discourse Conflict scenarios gain more credibility than they deserve. Cognitive researcher calls this the "Othello effect," referring to the trail of plausible but false suppositions Even the most farfetched scenarios comprise a number of links which m...
scenarios gain more cred than they deserve Even farfetched scenarios comprise links which seem plausible likelihood dwindles with each step, the impression is plausibility snapshots offer selective view that distort risk uncertainty hawks flood dangers that pass non-zero they establish an impossible standard
Cards Without doubt, simulations -- including nonstandard ones -- can aid planning. The question is: To what end? And to what effect? Exploring "wild cards" in order to identify warning signs or to define limits is one thing; using them to establish force structure or modernization requirements, quite another. Especial...
2,669
<h4>Disadvantages <u>inflate</u> probability – <u>multiplicative risk</u> reduces it to <u>zero</u>, so you should have a <u>low-threshold</u> for <u>zero-risk</u>. </h4><p><strong>Conetta 98</strong> (Carl, Director of the Project on Defense Alternatives, Research Fellow of the Institute for Defense and Disarmament S...
1AC
1AC – Rule 16 – V1
1AC – Framing
10,120
561
59,041
./documents/hspolicy20/Peninsula/RhWa/Peninsula-Rhoades-Wang-Aff-TOC-Round7.docx
737,638
A
TOC
7
Bellarmine HM
Jeremy Margolin
1AC Rule 16 V1 1NC New Affs Bad T-Criminal Law T-Subsets ICJ CP SET CP ESR CP Courts CP Con Con CP Baudrillard K Infrastructure DA T-Enact 2NC Baudrillard K 1NR ICJ CP 2NR Baudrillard K
hspolicy20/Peninsula/RhWa/Peninsula-Rhoades-Wang-Aff-TOC-Round7.docx
null
62,873
RhWa
Peninsula RhWa
null
Lu.....
Rh.....
Na.....
Wa.....
21,763
Peninsula
Peninsula
CA
null
1,019
hspolicy20
HS Policy 2020-21
2,020
cx
hs
2
1,759,120
Impact is global war.
Haas 17
Haas 17
the burden of maintaining order at the global level will fall on the United States. This is inevitable the United States is and will remain the most powerful country in the world for decades to come. no other country or group of countries has either the capacity or the mind-set to build a global order. There is more t...
maintaining order will fall on the U S . the U S will remain the most powerful country . Iran ISIS China and Russia are actors to contend with. Foreign policy begins at home . world cannot come up with a working order absent the U S . National security requires financial resources . The better the U S is economically, ...
A large portion of the burden of creating and maintaining order at the regional or global level will fall on the United States. This is inevitable for several reasons, only one of which is that the United States is and will likely remain the most powerful country in the world for decades to come. The corollary to this ...
5,813
<h4>Impact is <u>global war</u>.</h4><p><u><strong>Haas 17</p><p></u></strong>A large portion of <u><strong>the burden of</u></strong> creating and <u><strong><mark>maintaining order</mark> at the</u></strong> regional or <u><strong>global level <mark>will fall on the</mark> <mark>U</mark>nited <mark>S</mark>tates<mark...
NU – Round 6 – Minnesota JPF Neg vs Georgetown LM
1NC
DA
4,043
899
51,889
./documents/ndtceda20/Minnesota/JaPh/Minnesota-Jamal-PhoenixFlood-Neg-NU%20II-Round6.docx
620,625
N
NU II
6
Georgetown LM
Klarman
1AC - Japan - Flexible Response 1NC - Stimulus PTX DA Iran Dipcap DA T Substantial Courts CP T Activate Con-Con CP Case - Deterrence 2NC - T Activate Case 1NR - Case Stimulus PTX DA 2NR - T Activate
ndtceda20/Minnesota/JaPh/Minnesota-Jamal-PhoenixFlood-Neg-NU%20II-Round6.docx
null
52,406
JaPh
Minnesota JaPh
null
Ha.....
Ja.....
Ow.....
Ph.....
19,336
Minnesota
Minnesota
null
null
1,010
ndtceda20
NDT/CEDA 2020-21
2,020
cx
college
2
1,112,761
“Protection” in context of “water resources” means regulation of use or development.
Solanes ‘9
Solanes ‘9 [Miguel; December 2009; Consultant for the International Institute for Sustainable Development, Head of the Department of Economic and Institutional Analysis of IMDEA Water, water and law advisor for the United Nations system since 1984, M.A. in Water Resource Management at Colorado State University; IISD, “...
The protection of water sources has been a concern of water law. Increasing demand and externalities strengthened this concern Water Law reflects this dimension of water legislation through the regulation of the use and development of national water resources Law provides for creation of water protection areas, within ...
protection of water has been a concern of water law Law reflects this through regulation of use and development of water resources Law provides water protection within which activities cannot take place
3.0 Protection and Management of Water Supplies The protection of water sources has been a traditional concern of water law. Increasing demand and externalities have strengthened this concern. The Mexican Water Law reflects this dimension of water legislation through the regulation of the use and development of nationa...
828
<h4>“<u>Protection</u>” in context of “<u>water resources</u>” means <u>regulation of use or development</u><strong>. </h4><p>Solanes ‘9 </strong>[Miguel; December 2009; Consultant for the International Institute for Sustainable Development, Head of the Department of Economic and Institutional Analysis of IMDEA Water, ...
null
1
null
35,144
266
26,487
./documents/hspolicy21/GlenbrookNorth/CaGo/Glenbrook%20North-Carpenter-Goldberg-Neg-03%20-%20Umich-Round4.docx
746,773
N
03 - Umich
4
GBS AL
Arvind Shankar
1ac - Line 3 1nc - Infrastructure DA - T-regulation - Oil DA - Devolution CP - Cap k 2nr - Devolution CP
hspolicy21/GlenbrookNorth/CaGo/Glenbrook%20North-Carpenter-Goldberg-Neg-03%20-%20Umich-Round4.docx
null
63,721
CaGo
Glenbrook North CaGo
null
Ka.....
Ca.....
Le.....
Go.....
21,975
GlenbrookNorth
Glenbrook North
IL
null
1,020
hspolicy21
HS Policy 2021-22
2,021
cx
hs
2
1,186,315
Post-COVID economic rebound secures geopolitical dominance---the alternative is global conflict, EU collapse and Chinese authoritarian dominance
Kempe 20
Kempe 20, best-selling author, prize-winning journalist and president & CEO of the Atlantic Council, one of the United States’ most influential think tanks on global affairs. He worked at The Wall Street Journal for more than 25 years as a foreign correspondent, assistant managing editor and as the longest-serving edit...
the coming race to growth. will be an epic contest with geopolitical consequences. think back to what the United States accomplished after World War II, when it rose as an economic power to shape a better world The post-COVID19 race could determine whether U.S. retain global leadership for the moment, Beijing could lev...
the race to growth will be a contest with geopolitical consequences The post-COVID19 race could determine whether U.S. retain leadership Beijing could leverage faster recovery could determine whether the E U collapses could trigger escalating conflict slower recovery lay seeds for a long-lasting shift to China the U S ...
Place your bets for the coming race to growth. It will be an epic contest among the world’s most significant economies, with generational and geopolitical consequences. For context, think back to what the United States accomplished after World War II, when it rose as an economic power to shape a better world. The post-...
6,134
<h4>Post-COVID economic rebound secures geopolitical dominance---the alternative is global conflict, EU collapse and Chinese authoritarian dominance</h4><p><strong>Kempe 20</strong>, best-selling author, prize-winning journalist and president & CEO of the Atlantic Council, one of the United States’ most influential thi...
null
null
4
7,575
264
29,071
./documents/hspolicy21/NewTrier/ShGo/New%20Trier-Shah-Gordon-Neg-7%20-%20Maine%20East%20Regatta-Round6.docx
752,184
N
7 - Maine East Regatta
6
Glenbrook South RR
Ben Katz
1AC - Line 3 1NC - Reroute CP States CP Canada CP Consult Natives CP Antitrust DA Oil DA T Protection T Water Resources 2NR - States CP Antitrust DA 2AR - Condo
hspolicy21/NewTrier/ShGo/New%20Trier-Shah-Gordon-Neg-7%20-%20Maine%20East%20Regatta-Round6.docx
null
64,133
ShGo
New Trier ShGo
null
Av.....
Sh.....
Sa.....
Go.....
22,064
NewTrier
New Trier
IL
null
1,020
hspolicy21
HS Policy 2021-22
2,021
cx
hs
2
1,291,866
Debris cascades cause global nuke war
Johnson 13
Les Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contribut...
A satellite destroyed will break apart into thousands of pieces This shotgun blast will quickly spread out the tipping point is crossed and a runaway series of collisions begins The rate of collisions increases the "Kessler Effect" cascade destroying every satellite in low Earth orbit Without an atmosphere to slow them...
A sat destroyed runaway collisions begin Kessler cascade destroy every sat in l E o rendering orbits unusable military depend on space The result is a nightmarish world nuclear war, economic disaster, and mass starvation aviation, shipping, emergency services and ag are reliant Spy sat s monitor arms treaties and milit...
Whatever the initial cause, the result may be the same. A satellite destroyed in orbit will break apart into thousands of pieces, each traveling at over 8 km/sec. This virtual shotgun blast, with pellets traveling 20 times faster than a bullet, will quickly spread out, with each pellet now following its own orbit aroun...
8,232
<h4>Debris cascades cause <u>global</u> nuke war</h4><p>Les <strong>Johnson 13</strong>, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt Univ...
1AC
null
Mining---1AC
4,780
489
32,683
./documents/hsld21/Harker/Vi/Harker-Viradia-Aff-Harvard%20Westlake-Round5.docx
886,985
A
Harvard Westlake
5
Northland Christian LB
Jonathan Jeong
null
hsld21/Harker/Vi/Harker-Viradia-Aff-Harvard%20Westlake-Round5.docx
null
74,690
DeVi
Harker DeVi
null
De.....
Vi.....
null
null
25,008
Harker
Harker
CA
null
1,029
hsld21
HS LD 2021-22
2,021
ld
hs
1
4,754,570
Vaccine Requirements work to limit infections – their i/l to pandemics is about low vax rates but the cp solves.
Andre 8
Andre 8, Francis E., et al. "Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide." Bulletin of the World health organization 86 (2008): 140-146. //Elmer
other infectious diseases with no extrahuman reservoir can be eradicated provided an effective vaccine and specific diagnostic tests are available Eradication requires high levels of population immunity polio Diseases can be eliminated locally . In four of six WHO regions, substantial progress has been made in measles ...
infectious diseases can be eradicated provided an effective vaccine requires high levels of population immunity Diseases can be eliminated locally progress made in measles elimination Key is 95% population immunity vaccines prevent almost 6 million deaths worldwide 99% decrease in incidence for diseases which vaccines ...
While eradication may be an ideal goal for an immunization programme, to date only smallpox has been eradicated, allowing discontinuation of routine smallpox immunization globally. Potentially, other infectious diseases with no extrahuman reservoir can be eradicated provided an effective vaccine and specific diagnostic...
4,516
<h4>Vaccine Requirements <u>work</u> to limit infections – their i/l to pandemics is about low vax rates but the cp solves.</h4><p><strong>Andre 8</strong>, Francis E., et al. "Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide." Bulletin of the World health organization 86 (2008): 140-146. /...
null
null
1NC - OFF
302,186
225
166,460
./documents/hsld22/MontaVista/EtYa/MontaVista-EtYa-Neg-Peninsula-Invitational-Round-6.docx
968,107
N
Peninsula Invitational
6
Marlborough SM
Scott Brown
1AC - Africa 1NC - T-Borders - Vaccines PIC - Populism DA - Case 1AR - All 2NR - Vaccines PIC 2AR - Case PIC
hsld22/MontaVista/EtYa/MontaVista-EtYa-Neg-Peninsula-Invitational-Round-6.docx
2023-02-21 19:18:16
80,363
EtYa
Monta Vista EtYa
Hi, I'm Ethan. You can email me at ethanyang380@gmail.com for disclosure. Please let me know if I'm missing something or you have any other disclosure interps you want me to meet. If I forgot a 1AR interp, please let me know - I may have forgotten to add it here. 1AR Interps - Interpretation: All neg positions must...
Et.....
Ya.....
null
null
26,996
MontaVista
Monta Vista
CA
null
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
4,802,327
Mobility is necessary for ASEAN development – fills in the last gap in economic integration.
Kikkawa and Suan 19 (Economist, Economic Research and Regional Cooperation Department, ADB AND Associate Statistics Officer, Economic Research and Regional Cooperation Department, ADB)//Elmer
Kikkawa and Suan 19 Aiko Kikkawa and Eric Suan 8-28-2019 "Promoting Skilled Labor Mobility and Migration in Southeast Asia" https://blogs.adb.org/blog/promoting-skilled-labor-mobility-and-migration-southeast-asia (Economist, Economic Research and Regional Cooperation Department, ADB AND Associate Statistics Officer, Ec...
ASEAN in the past 20 years also witnessed a greater volume of the movement of people in the region. The total number of intra-ASEAN migrants have more than quadrupled, from 2.1 million in 2995 to 9.9 million in 2016. Intra-ASEAN labor mobility largely taking place in Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)—migrants from Myanmar...
Intra-ASEAN labor mobility largely taking place in Mekong Lao While volume has grown major patterns have not With A E C new challenge is to achieve competitive, innovative, and dynamic economy requires substantially improved productivity and efficiency and innovation A skilled workforce is essential growing demand to a...
ASEAN in the past 20 years also witnessed a greater volume of the movement of people in the region. The total number of intra-ASEAN migrants have more than quadrupled, from 2.1 million in 2995 to 9.9 million in 2016. Intra-ASEAN labor mobility is largely taking place in Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)—migrants from Myan...
4,636
<h4>Mobility is necessary for ASEAN development – fills in the <u>last</u> gap in economic integration. </h4><p><strong>Kikkawa and Suan 19</strong> Aiko Kikkawa and Eric Suan 8-28-2019 "Promoting Skilled Labor Mobility and Migration in Southeast Asia" https://blogs.adb.org/blog/promoting-skilled-labor-mobility-and-mig...
ASEAN v4 (SEND)
***1AC***
1AC - Centrality
1,700,102
263
168,349
./documents/hsld22/StrathHaven/AvMa/StrathHaven-AvMa-Aff-California-Invitational-Berkeley-Debate-Triples.docx
981,854
A
California Invitational Berkeley Debate
Triples
Harvard Westlake WL
Tim Alderete, Gordon Krauss, Pranay Ippagunta
1AC - ASEAN v9 1NC - CP-Brain Drain, K-Security, T-International 1AR - all, condo 2NR - T 2AR - T
hsld22/StrathHaven/AvMa/StrathHaven-AvMa-Aff-California-Invitational-Berkeley-Debate-Triples.docx
2023-02-20 06:27:57
79,344
AvMa
Strath Haven AvMa
big furry ? sophia tian meow - also sophia tian Hey, I'm Ava! She/her pronouns, let me know if you'd like any accommodations for the round. See bottom for a trigger warning!!! Email is your best bet (amanaker17@gmail.com). I os everything, cites don't work for some reason. Let me know if there's any disclosure...
Av.....
Ma.....
null
null
26,586
StrathHaven
Strath Haven
PA
4,417
2,003
hsld22
HS LD 2022-23
2,022
ld
hs
1
3,308,312
Our critique independently outweighs the case - neoliberalism causes extinction and massive social inequalities – the affs single issue legalistic solution is the exact kind of politics neolib wants us to engage in so the root cause to go unquestioned. Farbod 15
, PhD Candidate @ Rutgers, Prof @ Moravian College, Monthly Review, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2015/farbod020615.html, 6-2)
( Faramarz Farbod , PhD Candidate @ Rutgers, Prof @ Moravian College, Monthly Review, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2015/farbod020615.html, 6-2)
capitalism is the 800-pound gorilla. The twin ecological and economic crises, militarism, the rise of the surveillance state, and a dysfunctional political system can all be traced to its normal operations. We need a transformative politics from below that can challenge the fundamentals of capitalism instead of today's...
ecological and economic crises militarism We need transformative politics that can challenge fundamentals of cap instead of symptoms this is do-or-die We are in the midst of the 6th mass extinction Cap led to explosive inequalities. The economic landscape is littered with rising concentration of wealth cap is creating ...
Global capitalism is the 800-pound gorilla. The twin ecological and economic crises, militarism, the rise of the surveillance state, and a dysfunctional political system can all be traced to its normal operations. We need a transformative politics from below that can challenge the fundamentals of capitalism instead of ...
5,708
<h4>Our critique independently outweighs the case - neoliberalism causes extinction and massive social inequalities – the affs single issue legalistic solution is the exact kind of politics neolib wants us to engage in so the root cause to go unquestioned. Farbod 15</h4><p> ( Faramarz Farbod<u><strong> , PhD Candidate...
1nc
K
null
158,241
456
108,774
./documents/hsld18/HarvardWestlake/Go/Harvard%20Westlake-Gong-Neg-Jack%20Howe%20Memorial-Round4.docx
821,691
N
Jack Howe Memorial
4
Arcadia NS
Kayla Soren
1ac - chilling modeling 1nc - j spec cap k v2 case 2nr - cap k v2
hsld18/HarvardWestlake/Go/Harvard%20Westlake-Gong-Neg-Jack%20Howe%20Memorial-Round4.docx
null
70,335
AnGo
Harvard Westlake AnGo
null
An.....
Go.....
null
null
23,746
HarvardWestlake
Harvard Westlake
null
null
1,026
hsld18
HS LD 2018-19
2,018
ld
hs
1