content listlengths 1 1 | teacher_response stringlengths 21 22.5k | answer stringclasses 4
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Drugs that can be used safely in porphyria are: a) Phenobarbitone b) Ketamine c) Sodium valproate d) Midazolam e) Pethidine\nChoices:\nA. de\nB. ae\nC. ad\nD. bc\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <a... |
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Congenital adrenal hyperplasia shows which clinical features-\nChoices:\nA. Female pseudo hermaphrodite (pseudohermaph rodstism)\nB. Hypertension\nC. Electrolyte imbalance\nD. All of above\n</Question>\nAt the en... | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of above Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) o Group of AR disorder o MC adrenal disorder in childhood 0 Most common =21 -hydroxylase deficiency OTHER IMP POINTS:-- 1-MALE PSEUDOOHERMAPHRODITISM IS SEEN IN- 17 alpha OH deficency 3 beta OH deficiency 2-HTN(hypernatremia and hypokalemia) is seen in... | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Endometrial biopsy for infeility test in women should be done at:\nChoices:\nA. Ovulatory phase\nB. Menstrual phase\nC. Anytime during cycle\nD. Premenstrual period\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in... | Endometrial biopsy Best done preferably around 7 days before the onset of menstruation Secretory changes prove that the cycle has been ovulatory Can predict the functional integrity of the corpus luteum Can detect luteal phase defect
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Blindness of Methyl Alcohol is due to damage of:\nChoices:\nA. Cons\nB. Rods\nC. Ganglion cells\nD. Nerve fibres\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A... | Ganglion cells
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following drugs produces dissociative anaesthesia: March 2013 (g)\nChoices:\nA. Ketamine\nB. Propofol\nC. Thiopentone\nD. Enflurane\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answ... | Ans. A i.e. Ketamine Ketamine Is a phencyclidine, Causes dissociative anaesthesia, Causes - Hallucination, - Delusion and - Illusion Causes profound analgesia Increases all pressures: - Intracranial Tension, - Intraocular pressure, - BP C/I in: Intracerebral mass/hemorrhage etc
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following drugs is metabolized by CYP2D6?\nChoices:\nA. Propranolol\nB. Warfarin\nC. Statins\nD. Amiodorone\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase l... | CYP 3A4 substrate CYP 2D6 substrate CYP2C19 CYP2C9 Cyclosporine Tacrolimus Statin Cisapride, astemazole, terfenadine (CAT drugs) Amiodorone Navir drugs Beta blockers Antidepressants Antiarrhythmic drugs Codeine Antipsychotics Clopidogrel PPI TCA's Warfarin Phenytoin Sulphonylureas
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>a-Fetoprotein is increased in all the following except :\nChoices:\nA. Increased maternal weight\nB. Multiple gestation\nC. Maternal hepatoma\nD. Abdominal wall defect\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer... | Increased maternal weight
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Diagnosis of imminent ovulation is :\nChoices:\nA. Endometrial biopsy\nB. Pain\nC. Temperature cha\nD. LH surge\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A,... | LH surge
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Radio-opacity in composite is due to presence of\nChoices:\nA. Strontium\nB. Fluorides\nC. Silica\nD. BisGMA\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B,... |
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Investigation of choice for intramedullary SOL is –\nChoices:\nA. MRI\nB. USG\nC. CT\nD. X–ray\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
... | Investigation of choice for intramedullary space occupy lesion is MRI.
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The following is an impoant feature of psoriasis:September 2009\nChoices:\nA. Crusting\nB. Silvery Scaling\nC. Coarse bleeding\nD. Erythematous macules\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and... | Ans. B: Silvery ScalingPsoriasis is a chronic dermatosis characterized by an unpredictable course of remissions and relapses and presence at typical sites of papules and plaques which are:Well definedErythematousSurmounted with large, silvery, loose scales.
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Temporary cavity is seen in gun shot injury with ?\nChoices:\nA. High velocity\nB. Low velocity\nC. High weight bullet\nD. Low weight bullet\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> ... | Ans. is 'a' i.e., High velocity Size and congigration of temporory cavity is offected by :-Kinetic energy of bullet - Velocity plays the major role in determining kinetic energy.Type of tissue along the tract (elastic vs non-elastic).
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Bacteria most commonly isolated from root canals is\nChoices:\nA. Actinomyces\nB. Streptococci\nC. Staphylococci\nD. Fusobacterium\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an u... |
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Gallows Traction is used for-\nChoices:\nA. Fracture shaft tibia in children\nB. Fracture shaft femur in children\nC. Fracture shaft tibia in adults\nD. Fracture shaft Femur in adults\n</Question>\nAt the end pre... | (Refer: Mohindra’s Fundamentals of Orthopedics, 2nd edition, pg no. 23, 531)
Conservative management of femur fractures in children
0-2 years:- Plaster spica or modified Bryant or Gallows traction or Pavlick harness (<6 month of age)
2-10 years:- Split Russell traction
10-15 years:- 90-90 degree femoral skeletal tract... | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Superior Gluteal Nerve supplies all of the following muscles, except?\nChoices:\nA. Gluteus Medius\nB. Gluteus Minimus\nC. Gluteus Maximus\nD. Tensor fascia lata\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <a... | Superior gluteal nerve innervates gluteus minimus, gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata. It arises from sacral nerve plexus, which is formed from anterior rami of 4th and 5th lumbar nerves and anterior rami of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th sacral nerves. Gluteus maximus muscle is innervated by the Inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S... | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which is not increased in PCOS -\nChoices:\nA. Estrogen\nB. Luetinizing hormone\nC. Sex hormone binding globulin\nD. Insulin\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an upperca... | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Sex hormone binding globulin o Endocrinologic changes in PCOS are as follows :# Oestrone / E2 level rises# LH level is raised over 1 OlU/ml# FSH level remains normal, but FSH/LH ratio falls.# SHBG level falls due to hyperandrogenism# Testosterone and epiandrstenedione levels rise.# Fasting insulin is ... | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following is seen on electron microscopy of medullary thyroid carcinoma specimens?\nChoices:\nA. Presence of electron-dense granules in the nucleus\nB. Presence of electron-dense granules in the mito... | Medullary carcinoma on electron microscopy reveals variable numbers of membrane-bound electron-dense granules within cytoplasm of neoplastic cells.
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following pancreatic function test can be useful for estimation of bicarbonate as well as enzyme secretory activity of pancreas?\nChoices:\nA. CCK PZ test\nB. Bentiromide test\nC. D-xylose test\nD. C... | Ans. d (CCK- secretin test). (Ref. Harrison, Internal Medicine, 16th ed., 1894)TESTS FOR EXOCRINE PANCREATIC FUNCTION# Direct stimulation of pancreas with IV secretin + CCK# Study of intra-luminal digestion products including bentiromide test# Serum elastase trypsinogen level.# Secretin - CCK test permits measurement o... | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Geniculate neuralgia is caused in which of the following nerve?\nChoices:\nA. 5\nB. 6\nC. 7\nD. 8\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D)."... | Geniculate neuralgia (Nervus intermedius neuralgia) results from herpes zoster infection of geniculate ganglion and nervus intermedius branch of seventh cranial nerve.
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>In a given population, prevalence of a disease can be rapidly determined by -\nChoices:\nA. Case control study\nB. Cross over study\nC. Cross sectional study\nD. Double blind study\n</Question>\nAt the end presen... |
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which one of the following investigations is considered to be \"Gold standard\" technique for diagnosis of arterial occlusive disease –\nChoices:\nA. Doppler ultrasound blood flow detection\nB. Duplex imaging\nC.... |
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Klinefelter syndrome is: MP 07, 10; Maharashtra 09; Gujarat 10; AFMC 12\nChoices:\nA. 45XO\nB. 46XY\nC. 45XY\nD. 47XXY\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase let... | Ans. 47XXY
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Main enzyme for glycogen metabolism\nChoices:\nA. Glucose-6-phosphatase\nB. Glycogen synthase\nC. PFK-1\nD. None of the above\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an upperc... | The key enzyme for glycogenolysis is phosphorylase, which is activated by glucagon and adrenaline, under the stimulus of hypoglycemia. ii. The key enzyme for glycogen synthesis is glycogen synthase, the activity of which is decreased by adrenaline but is enhanced by insulin, under the stimulus of hyperglycemia (Fig. 9.... | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Smokeless gun powder is composed of:\nChoices:\nA. KMnO4\nB. HCN\nC. Nitrocellulose\nD. Sulphur\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
... | C i.e. Nitro cellulose
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Wernicke&;s encephalopathy in alcohol consumption can be treated with\nChoices:\nA. Pyridoxine\nB. Thiamine\nC. Riboflavin\nD. Niacin\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using a... | Alcohol-Induced Amnestic Disorder: (1) Wernicke's encephalopathy, Confabulation, Ataxia, Ophthalmoplegia (gaze palsy, lateral orbital palsy)horizontal nystagmus tends to reverse rapidly with thiamine supplementation. it can be remebered with a mnemonic GOA G====Global confusion O====ophthalmoplegia A====Ataxia (2) Kors... | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>4-8 qualified persons, discuss a topic in front of a large audience, is an example of -\nChoices:\nA. Symposium\nB. Panel discussion\nC. Workshop\nD. Group discussion\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer ... | - panel discussion is a group approach in health communication. - in a panel discussion, 4-8 people who are qualified to talk about a topic sit and discuss a given problem or topic in front of a large group or audience. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:865 <\p>
<answer>... | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following is NOT one of the degrees of health as per spectral concept of health?\nChoices:\nA. Good Health\nB. Better Health\nC. Positive Health\nD. Freedom from Sickness\n</Question>\nAt the end pre... | The spectral concept of health states that health of an individual is not static and varies between a continuum of various degrees of health or severity of illness as follows: Positive health Better health Freedom from sickness Unrecognised sickness Mild sickness Severe sickness Death Ref: Park, 21st Edition, Page 19
<... | A |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Primary action of superior oblique is-\nChoices:\nA. Intorsion\nB. Depression\nC. Adduction\nD. Abduction\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C,... | There are six extraocular muscles in each eye.
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Management of prolonged Scoline apnea is by\nChoices:\nA. Exchange transfusion\nB. Estimation of plasma cholinesterase\nC. Continuation of aificial ventilation\nD. Reversal with neostigmine\n</Question>\nAt the e... | Suxamethonium apnea and phase 2 block both are managed with mechanical ventilation till recovery. The mainstay treatment for succinylcholine apnea due to atypical pseudocholinesterase is to continue mechanical ventilation until muscle function returns to normal by clinical signs. Administration of neostigmine is contro... | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The articular cartilage is characterized by all of the following features except -\nChoices:\nA. It is devoid of perichondrium\nB. It has a rich nerve supply\nC. It is avascular\nD. It lacks the capacity to regen... | Articular cartilage is non-nervous (has no nerve supply).
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>In cirrhosis liver all are seen except -\nChoices:\nA. Loss of normal architecture\nB. Degeneration of hepatocytes\nC. Fatty infiltration\nD. Loss of inter cellular connective tissue matrix\n</Question>\nAt the e... |
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 45-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with breathing problems. During physical examination the patient shows signs of airway obstruction. A CT scan examination reveals a nasal polyp obstructing the airway... | (b) Source: GAS 797, 879, 1018, 1020, 1022; GA 487, 518, 525 The nasal polyp also involved the maxillary sinus, located immediately laterally to the nasal cavity. The sphenoid sinus, located posterosuperiorly to the nasopharynx, is unlikely to be affected by a nasal polyp. The ethmoidal sinuses, located medially to the... | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Better prognostic factor for operation of biliary duct obstruction in newborn are\nChoices:\nA. No passage of bile\nB. Size of ductile >200 micron\nC. Weight of baby >3 kg\nD. Age of 8 weeks\n</Question>\nAt the ... | Major factors in successful outcome after pooentreostomy Age in days at diagnosis and initial surgery (30-60 days) Length of time jaundice was present before surgery Successful and persistent bile flow postoperatively Size and nature of the microscopic ducts (>150um) Degree and extent of fibrotic changes in the liver N... | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Commonest cause of intussusception is -\nChoices:\nA. Submucous lipoma\nB. Meckel's diveiculum\nC. Hyperophy of submucous peyer's patches\nD. colon Polyp\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> a... | Intussusception most common cause of intestinal obstruction between 3 mo and 6 yr of age * 60% per cent of patients are younger than 1 yr * 80% of the cases occur before 24 mo * rare in neonates * incidence 1-4/1,000 live bihs * male:female ratio is 4:1 Treatment Reduction of an acute intussusception is an emergency pr... | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All are true about Tension pneumothorax except?\nChoices:\nA. Leading cause is mechanical ventilation.\nB. Positive pressure in pleural space throughout the respiratory cycle.\nC. Needle aspiration of air\nD. Ina... | Tension pneumothorax occurs mostly during Mechanical ventilation or Resuscitative effos The positive pressure is transmitted to mediastinum decreasing the venous return and cardiac output. A large bore needle should be inseed into pleural space through second intercostal space to allow air to escape. Needle aspiration ... | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Ivabradine is used for management of -\nChoices:\nA. Stable angina\nB. Pre renal azotemia\nC. Alzheimers disease\nD. Anti smoking agent\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using... | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Stable angina Ivabradine* It is an investigational inhibitor of sino-atrial node.* It is a relatively selective If (funny current) Sodium channel blocker of early part of slow diastolic depolarization (phase 4) that reduces heart rate by inhibiting the hyperpolarization-activated sodium channel in SA ... | A |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Indications for use of cyclophosphamide in SLE is\nChoices:\nA. Ahritis\nB. Anti DNA antibody + ive patients\nC. Diffuse prolifereative glomerulonephritis\nD. Oral ulcers\n</Question>\nAt the end present your ans... | Cytotoxic therapy is a cornerstone for patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). High-dose cyclophosphamide, 200 mg/kg, can induce a complete remission without the need for stem cell rescue in patients with autoimmune illnesses.High dose cyclophosphamide is a therapy capable of decreasing disease severit... | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A woman receives a kidney transplant from her sister who is an identical twin. What type of graft is it\nChoices:\nA. Allograft\nB. Autograft\nC. Xenograft\nD. Isograft\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answe... | An autograft is a graft of tissue from one point to another of the same individual's body. An Isograft is a graft of tissue between two individuals who are genetically identical (i.e. monozygotic twins). Allograft is the transplantation of tissues, to a recipient from a genetically non-identical donor of the same speci... | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Treatment of Phlyctenular conjunctivitis is\nChoices:\nA. Systemic steroids\nB. Topical steroids\nC. Antibiotics\nD. Miotics\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an upperca... | It's an endogenous allergy treated by anti allergics and mild topical steroids Refer: Khurana 6th edition page number 83
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Nausea and vomiting are common in pregnancy. Hyperemesis gravi- darum, however, is a much more serious and potentially fatal problem. Findings that should ale the physician to the diagnosis of hyperemesis gravida... | Hyperemesis gravi- darum is intractable vomiting of pregnancy and is associated with dis- turbed nutrition. Early signs of the disorder include weight loss (up to 5% of body weight) and ketonuria. Because vomiting causes potassium loss, electrocardiographic evidence of potassium depletion, such as inveed T waves and pr... | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which one of the following is the best drug of choice for treatment of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy:\nChoices:\nA. Clindamycin\nB. Metronidazole\nC. Erythromycin\nD. Rivamycin\n</Question>\nAt the end pre... | Ans. is b, i.e. MetronidazoleRef. Shaw 14/e, p 118; COGDT 10/e, p 601; Harrison 17/e, p 827Bacterial Vaginosis:It is an alteration in the normal vaginal flora (so, termed as vaginosis and not vaginitis)Polymicrobial in natureIt is transmitted sexually QInfection is favoured by decrease in the number of protective bacte... | B |
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"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following is the most common congenital anatomic variant of the human pancreas?\nChoices:\nA. Pancreas divisum\nB. Annular pancreas\nC. Duplication of pancreaticoduodenal aery\nD. Pancreas trivisum\n... | Pancreas divisum occurs when the embryologic ventral and dorsal pancreatic anlagen fail to fuse, so pancreatic drainage is mainly through the accessory papilla. It is the most common congenital anatomic variant of the human pancreas. Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition
<answer>(A)</answer... | A |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following tissues normally has the highest percentage of mucus-secreting cells?\nChoices:\nA. Esophageal mucosa\nB. Oral mucosa\nC. Parotid gland\nD. Sublingual gland\n</Question>\nAt the end present... | Salivary glands can contain predominantly serous cells, predominantly mucous cells, or both in their acini. As you proceed from the midline laterally, acini in the sublingual gland are almost pure mucous cells, while acini in the submandibular gland contain a mixture of serous and mucous cells. Acini in the parotid gla... | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Podophyllin resin is indicated for the treatment of?\nChoices:\nA. Syphilis\nB. Herpes genitalis\nC. Anogenital warts\nD. LGV\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an upperc... | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Anogenital warts Treatment options for wartsType of wartTreatment optionsi) Verruca vulgarisi) Cryotherapy, Electric cautery, wart paint (salicylic acid + lactic acid)ii) Palmoplantar wartsii) Wart paint, cryotherapy, Formalin soaksiii) Plane wartsiii) Trichloroacetic acid touch, Retinoic acidiv) Epid... | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which one of the following ultrasound marker is associated with greatest increased risk for Trisomy 21 in fetus\nChoices:\nA. Echogenic foci in heart\nB. Hyperechogenic bowel\nC. Choroid plexus cysts\nD. Nuchal e... | (D) Nuchal edemaINCIDENCE OF MAJOR & MINOR DEFECTS/MA Trisomy 21NormalLikelihood ratio for isolated marker* Nuchal Fold33.5%0.6%9.8* Short humerus33.4%1.5%4.1* Short femur41.4%5.2%1.6* Hydronephrosis17.6%2.6%1.0* Echogenic focus in heart28.2%4.4%1.1* Echogenic bowel13.3%0.6%3.0* Major defect21.4%0.65%5.2
<answer>(D)</a... | D |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All the following about the fatty acid diagram are true except:\nChoices:\nA. Used in the treatment of type I hyperlipoproteinemia\nB. Decrease triacyl glycerol level\nC. Decrease HDL cholesterol\nD. Lower the in... | Ans. C. Decreases HDL CholesterolFish oils are rich in omega 3 fatty acids* Omega 3 fatty acids reduces the Triacyl Glycerol level, hence used in hyperlipoproteinemia with hypertriglyceridemia, they also reduces the inflammatory risks.
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 36 year old female with symptoms of hyperparathyroidism, tumor in pancreas, adrenal coical hyperplasia, pituitary adenomas, islet cell tumor with cutaneous angiofibromas. What is the diagnosis ?\nChoices:\nA. M... | parathyroid hyperplasia or adenoma , islet cell hyperplasia- adenoma or carcinoma, pituitary hyperplasia or adenoma, forgot carcinoid, pheochromocytoma , subcutaneous or visceral lipomas are typical for MEN 1( Harrison 17 pg 2359)
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Aplastic anemia can progress to all except:\nChoices:\nA. AML\nB. Myelodysplastic anemia\nC. Pure red cell aplasia\nD. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> ... | Ans. (c) Pure red cell aplasia(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 653-655)Aplastic anemia can progress toAMLMyelodysplastic anemiaParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuriaAplastic anemia cannot progress to Pure red cell aplasia
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Presence of Wickham's striae in the oral cavity is a manifestation of:\nChoices:\nA. HIV infection\nB. Lichen planus\nC. Leukemia\nD. Oral candidiasis\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and ... | Wickham's striae are interlacing white lines in the buccal mucosa seen in lichen planus - a skin disorder.HIV infection presents with oral Candida infection, angular cheilitis, hairy leukoplakia, periodontitis, gingivitis, diffuse parotid enlargement, recurrent herpetic infections of the oral cavity causing ulcers and ... | B |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>What is the incidence of chromosomal abnormality per 1000 live bihs -\nChoices:\nA. 1.6\nB. 3.6\nC. 5.6\nD. 7.6\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A,... | The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities is 5.6 per 1000 live bihs of these 2 per 1000 represent sex aneuploidies, 1.7 per 1000 is autosomal aneuploidies and 1.9 per 1000 is chromosomal translocations ref ;(page no;822)23rd edition of PARK&;s textbook of Preventive and Social medicinel medicine
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>After how many hours of LH surge does ovulation occurs?\nChoices:\nA. 24-Dec\nB. 24-48\nC. 24-36\nD. 36-48\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C... | The most appropriate option has been taken as the answer. An acute rise of LH triggers ovulation and development of corpus luteum LH surge occurs 34-36 hours before ovulation, ion responsible to prevent poly spermy at the time of feilization is calcium. Ref: Gray's 39e/p-210-220
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
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{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Hirschprung's disease true are :a) Sometimes found in adultb) Dilated segment involvedc) Auerbach's plexus absentd) Sometimes involve small intestine e) Bleeding PR is usual presentation\nChoices:\nA. abc\nB. ad\... | S. Das writes - "The symptoms appear within 3 days of birth and the presenting features are as follows:
Constipation
Abdominal distention"
Nelson writes - "The clinical symptoms of Hirschprung disease usually begin at birth with the delayed passage of meconium."
Loud borborygmi is heard due to intestinal obstructio... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Tuberculosis of spine best diagnostic modality is:\nChoices:\nA. Clinical\nB. X-ray\nC. MRI\nD. CT guided biopsy\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A... | Tissue diagnosis is always preferred over any radiological diagnosis hence CT guided biopsy to obtain tissue and then fuher investigations to grow the organisms is the preferred approach. MRI is best Radiological investigation But best investigation overall for infections or tumors is always biopsy.
<answer>(D)</answer... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>True about infantile tremor syndrome –\nChoices:\nA. Hyperpigmentation of extremities\nB. Cortical atrophy\nC. Self limiting disorder\nD. All of these\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and ... | "Infantile tremor syndrome is a self-limiting disorder characterised by acute & gradual onset with neural & psychomotor changes, pigmentary disturbances of hair & skin, pallor & tremors".
Infants Tremor Syndrome
Found in infants & young children
Etiological possibilities are malnutrition, Vit. B12 deficiency & viral ... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All of the following are CNS stimulants except\nChoices:\nA. Amphetamines\nB. Cocaine\nC. Methylphenidate\nD. Benzodiazepines\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an upperc... | CNS stimulants are amphetamine, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, modafinil, cocaine, pemoline and caffeine.
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Post operative jaundice is because of use of:\nChoices:\nA. Isoflurane\nB. NO\nC. Methoxyflurane\nD. Halothane\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, ... | D i.e. Halothane
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Who gave the oral drive theory?\nChoices:\nA. Benjamin\nB. Sigmund Freud\nC. Sears & Wise\nD. Sheldon\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or ... | Theories and concepts of thumb sucking
Psychosexual/psychoanalytical theory by Sigmund Freud:
According to this, a child goes through various distinct phases of psychological development. In oral phase, it is believed that the mouth is an erogenous zone. During this phase, the child takes anything and everything to th... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Childhood obesity prevention is a type of?\nChoices:\nA. Primordial prevention\nB. Primary prevention\nC. Secondary prevention\nD. Tertiary prevention\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and ... |
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The patient developed pain and severe vision loss 2 days after cataract surgery.On examination the following finding in seen.All are true about the given condition except?\nChoices:\nA. It involves inflammation o... | This condition is Endophthalmitis which is most revese complication of cataract surgery.
It involves inflamation of inner layer of eyeball sparing sclera.
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>You are posted as an intern in causality. Which among the followings with fractures will be your 1st priority to call oho PG and inform?\nChoices:\nA. Patient's finger is blackening\nB. Patient cannot extend his ... | Ohopedic emergency:1. Pelvic fracture 2. Vascular injury 3. Septic ahritis
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Dracunculosis infection occurs through -\nChoices:\nA. Ingestion of water containing cyclops\nB. Ingestion of water containing the parasite\nC. Ingestion of fish\nD. Penetration of skin\n</Question>\nAt the end p... | Humans are the definitive host and cyclops are the intermediate host.The adult female worm discharges larvae which are ingested by the intermediate host the cyclops.Humans become infected by drinking unfiltered water containing infective cyclops (refer pgno:175 baveja 3 rd edition)
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>OCP are contraindicated in?\nChoices:\nA. Heart disease\nB. Thromboembolism\nC. Breast cancer\nD. All of the above\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter ... | ANSWER: (D) All of the aboveREF: Leon spernoff 7th ed p. 906ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATIONS OF OCP:Known or suspected breast cancerSevere hypertriglyceridem ia/hyp ercholestrolemiaUndiagnosed vaginal bleedingThrombophlebitis/thromboembolism , cerebral and cardiac disordersPregnancyHypertension (moderate to severe)Impaired l... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All are true about bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis,Except-\nChoices:\nA. Sniff test is positive\nB. Causes normocapnic failure\nC. Diaphragmatic pacing is useful if any nerve is intact\nD. None of the above\n</... |
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following is not true regarding Lipofuscin 2\nChoices:\nA. It results in excessive lipid accumulation in the circulation\nB. Perinuclear location\nC. It is yellow brown in colour\nD. Has a role in li... | Lipofuscin is a tell tale sign of free radical injury and lipid peroxidation. It has does not occur due to excessive lipid accumulation in the circulation.
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>3 years old boy with a history of fever from a week has diffuse faint rashes, erythema of palms and soles, enlarged unilateral cervical nodes and strawberry tongue. The diagnosis is __________\nChoices:\nA. Scarl... | Kawasaki disease - It is acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome affecting infant, children and young. The diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease are follow. Fever lastingfor atleast 5 days Presence of any 4 of the following 5 conditions. Bilateralnonpurulent conjunctival injection Changes in mucosa of oropha... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All are true regarding killed polio vaccine EXCEPT: September 2012\nChoices:\nA. Produces circulatory antibody\nB. Does NOT require stringent refrigeration\nC. Immunity against paralytic and wild strains\nD. NOT ... | Ans: C i.e. Immunity against paralytic and wild strains Polio vaccine OPV produces excellent immunity in the intestine, the primary site of wild poliovirus entry, which helps prevent infection with wild virus in areas where the virus is endemic. The live virus used in the vaccine is shed in the stool and can be spread ... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>All are true about Exenatide except -\nChoices:\nA. Decreases glucagon secretion\nB. It is GLP 1 analogue\nC. Used in type 1 DM\nD. Given subcutaneously\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> an... | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Used in type I diabetes mellitus Exenatide is a synthetic glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-l) analogue. o It acts similar to GLP-1 --> Enhancement of postprandial insulin release, suppression of glucagon release and appetite as well as slowing of gastric emptying. o It is given by subcutaneous route & us... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Opioid secreted from anterior pituitary?\nChoices:\nA. b endorphin\nB. GH\nC. ACTH\nD. MSH\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
"... | (A) b endorphin# Pro-opiomelanocortin, a large precursor molecule found in anterior and intermediate lobes of pituitary gland and brain, contains b-endorphin, a polypeptide of 31 AA residues, that has met enkephalin at its amino terminal.> There are separate enkephalin secreting and fi-endorphin secreting systems of ne... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A pregnant woman presents at 33 weeks with a placenta previa of a major degree. The foetus is malformed. Which of the following will be the best line of management for her?\nChoices:\nA. LSCS\nB. Oxytocin drip\nC... | Ans. A. LSCSIn major degree placenta previa (type II posterior, type III, and type IV) LSCS is indicated for maternal interest even when the baby is dead or malformed.
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>An intern was doing saphenous cannulation for a bum patient. Then the patient developed sudden onset of pain along the medial border of the corresponding foot. Which nerve must have beenaccidentally ligated-\nCho... | Sensory supply of medial border of foot is saphenous nerve.
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Anesthesia of choice for cesarean section in severe preeclampsia:-\nChoices:\nA. Spinal\nB. GA\nC. Epidural\nD. Spinal + epidural\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an up... | Spinal Anesthesia: m/c anesthesia for cesarean section Complication : Hypotension and Bradycardia. Epidural anesthesia: Anesthesia of choice for cesarean section in severe preeclampsia, cardiac disease. Hemodynamic imbalance is less as compared to spinal anesthesia, so it is used.
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Commonest cause of pyogenic liver abscess -\nChoices:\nA. Biliary Sepsis.\nB. Biliary Colic\nC. Appendicitis\nD. Sigmoid Diverticulitis\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using... |
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>An enzyme involved in fructose metabolism is:\nChoices:\nA. Glucokinase\nB. Glyceraldehyde-3-P Dehydrogenase\nC. Aldolase A\nD. PFK-1\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using a... | Enzymes involved in phase II of glycolysis are used in fructose metabolism also. Glyceraldehyde-3-P Dehydrogenase is an enzyme of phase II of glycolysis. But Phase I enzymes of glycolysis are different for glucose & different for fructose. Aldolase A is in glycolysis Aldolase B is in fructose metabolism Fructose metabo... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>True regarding anemia of chronic ds. are - A/E :\nChoices:\nA. Decreased TIBC\nB. Increased macrophage iron in marrow\nC. Decrease serum ferritin level\nD. Decreased serum iron levels\n</Question>\nAt the end pre... | Ans. is 'c' Decreased serum ferritin level Serum ferritin level is increased in patients with anemia of chronic disease.Other laboratory features:Microcytic hypochromic anemiaIncreased Iron stores in bone marrow and macrophagesElevated plasma ferritin levelDecreased serum ironDecreased T1BCDecreased or normal % saturat... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>An old man presented with a pathological fracture. On investigation, his serum calcium and phosphorus are normal but urine calcium is low. Serum alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase are elevated. Biopsy of b... | Types of bone metastases are osteolytic, osteoblastic and mixed. Only myeloma has purely lytic lesions. Other tumors which causes lytic lesions are primary tumor of bronchus, breast, kidney, or thyroid. Metastases from prostate cancer are predominantly osteoblastic. In osteolytic metastases, urine calcium is often incr... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Prosopagnosia is:\nChoices:\nA. Inability to read\nB. Inability to write\nC. Anosmia\nD. Inability to recognize face\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase lette... | Occipital coex have visual association Area Temporal coex: remember that face (information) Both supplied By PCA if PCA blocks Patient unable to recognize face known as PCA territory stroke
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Fatal familial insomia is associated with -\nChoices:\nA. Prion disease\nB. Degeneration disease\nC. Neoplastic disease\nD. Vascular disease\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> ... | fatal familial inaomnia is a human prion disease REF:ANATHANARAYANAN MICROBIOLOGY NINTH EDITION PAGE.557
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Pugilistic attitude is characteristically seen in -\nChoices:\nA. Burns\nB. Drowning\nC. Electrocution\nD. Hanging\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter ... |
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A pt presents with engorged neck veins, BP 80/50 and pulse rate of 100 following blunt trauma to the chest : Diagnosis is:\nChoices:\nA. Pneumothorax\nB. Right ventricular failure\nC. Cardiac tamponade\nD. Hemoth... | Answer is C (Cardiac Temponade) Cardiac Tamponade should be suspected in any patient who has a rapid down hill course and exhibits the features of rising venous pressure and falling aerial pressure following blunt injury to the chest. The triad of cardiac tamponade : Rising systemic venous pressure Falling Aerial press... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Blood buffers are:\nChoices:\nA. Bicarbonate\nB. Plasma proteins\nC. Hemoglobin\nD. All\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
"rol... | A i.e. Bicarbone; B i.e. Plasma Proteins; C i.e.Hemoglobin
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following causes decrease in BP\nChoices:\nA. Thromboxane A2\nB. Vasopressin\nC. NO\nD. PGF2\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C,... | NOSubstances which cause vasodilatation can cause fall in BP.Substances which cause vasoconstriction can cause a rise in BP.Among the given options only NO (nitric acid) is vasodilator (causes fall in BP). Other three options cause vasoconstriction (cause rise in BP).
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Most radio dense substance is –\nChoices:\nA. Fluid\nB. Soft tissue\nC. Brain\nD. Bone\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
"role... |
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A scientist Dr. Gobind was asked to paicipate in a research project on myocardial infarctions in a rabbit model. Which of the following occurs in ischemic cell injury?\nChoices:\nA. Efflux of K+ and Na+\nB. Influ... | Ischemia leads to less ATP formation and therefore increased entry of sodium and calcium ions inside the cell.
<answer>(D)</answer> | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which one of the following drugs cause hypo magnesemia by increased excretion?\nChoices:\nA. Frusemide therapy\nB. Cisplatin\nC. Digitalis\nD. Aminoglycosides\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answ... | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Frusemide therapy "Loop diuretics cause the abolition of transepithelial potential difference that results in marked increase in excretion of Ca2++ and mg2++".
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Target or Iris lesion are seen in:\nChoices:\nA. Urticaria\nB. Erythema multiforme\nC. Scabies\nD. Lichen planus\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A... | Ans. B. Erythema Multiforme (EM)* It is an acute self-limited, usually mild and often relapsing mucocutaneous syndrome* MCC is infection with Herpes simplex virus.* 2nd MCC: Mycoplasma pneumonia.Clinical Presentation* Occurs in all ages but mostly in adolescents & young adults, with a slight male preponderance.* Charac... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Impaired function of Aquaporin results in\nChoices:\nA. Nephrogenic DI\nB. Liddle syndrome\nC. Cystic fibrosis\nD. Baer syndrome\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an upp... | ADH acts V2 receptors on DCT casuing facultative reabsorption of water by inseing Aquaporin -2 channels into apical (luminal side ). Nephrogenic DI-defect in aquaporins BATER SYNDROME - Autosomal recessive Defect in"Na-K-2Cl cotranspoer, Cl channel & ROMK"in loop of Henle LIDDLE SYNDROME - Gain of function of epithelia... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>A 79-year-old man had a chest x-ray because of a history of smoking. However, a calcified gallbladder was noted. This was confirmed by CAT scan. The patient is asymptomatic and has no medical illnesses. The next ... | Due to the high rate of carcinoma (up to 50% of cases) found in patients with calcified gallbladders, cholecystectomy is indicated. A biopsy would not be helpful because of the possibility of missing the tumor. A negative biopsy would not rule out cancer. A pancreaticoduodenectomy is not part of the treatment of gallbl... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Biomarker to rise earliest in myocardial infarction is: March 2010\nChoices:\nA. Troponin-I\nB. Creatine kinase-MB\nC. Myoglobin\nD. Troponin-T\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answe... | Ans. C: Myoglobin Cardiac markers help to assess acute coronary syndromes and to identify and manage high-risk patients. Creatine kinaseMB (CK-MB), myoglobin, homocysteine, C-reactive protein (CRP), troponin T (cTnT), and troponin I (cTnI) are all used for assessment of the suspected acute myocardial infarction. CK-MB,... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>RNA which contains codon for speicific amino acid ?\nChoices:\nA. tRNA\nB. rRNA\nC. mRNA\nD. None\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D)."... | Ans. is 'c' i.e., m RNA The m RNA carries genetic information in the form of codons. Codons are a group of three adjacent nucleotides that code for the amino acids of protein. Each mRNA molecule is a transcript of antisense or template strand of a paicular gene. Its nucleotide sequence is complementary to that of antis... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Laryngocele arises as a herniation of laryngeal mucosa through which of the following membrane?\nChoices:\nA. Thyrohyoid\nB. Cricothyroid\nC. Cricosternal\nD. Cricotracheal\n</Question>\nAt the end present your a... | An external laryngocele arises as a result of herniation of the laryngeal mucosa through the thyrohyoid membrane and presents in the neck.
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>True of left suprarenal gland are all except -\nChoices:\nA. Semilunar\nB. Drains into renal vein\nC. Related to bare area of liver\nD. Related to stomach\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> ... | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Related to bare area of liver o Suprarenal (adrenal) glands are a pair of endocrine glands situated retroperitoneally in posterior abdominal wall on each side of vertebral column on upper pole of corresponding kidney.o Right suprarenal gland is triangular or pyramidal in shape and left is semilunar in... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following veins is found in relation to the paraduodenal fossa?\nChoices:\nA. Inferior mesentric vein\nB. Middle colic vein\nC. Left colic vein\nD. Splenic vein\n</Question>\nAt the end present your ... | The paraduodenal recess / fossa is present in about 20% of subjects. The inferior mesenteric vein lies in the free edge of the peritonial fold. Ref: Last's Anatomy, 11th Edition, Page 263 ; Cunningham's Textbook of Anatomy By Daniel John Cunningham, Page 1186; Meyers' Dynamic Radiology of the Abdomen: Normal and Pathol... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>The following ECG finding is seen in all except?\nChoices:\nA. Hypothermia\nB. Hypercalcemia\nC. Hypocalcemia\nD. SAH\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase lett... | ECG shows Osborn waves( J point wave) Osborn wave is a deflection with a dome or hump configuration occurring at the R-ST junction (J point) on the ECG. Causes of Osborn waves: Hypothermia Hypercalcemia Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (SAH) Brain injury Cardiopulmonary arrest Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation Hypocalcemia: ... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Most impoant prognostic indicator for renal cell carcinoma\nChoices:\nA. Nuclear grade\nB. Histological type\nC. Size\nD. Pathological staging\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer... | Impoant prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival in patients with nonmetastatic RCC include specific clinical signs or symptoms, tumor-related factors, and various laboratory findings . Overall, tumor-related factors such as pathologic stage,tumor size, nuclear grade, and histologic subtype have the greatest uti... | D |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>\"Blow-out\" fracture of orbit involves:\nChoices:\nA. Floor\nB. Medial wall\nC. All of the above\nD. None of the above\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase le... | Ans. All of the above
<answer>(C)</answer> | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Detoxification of drugs is controlled by\nChoices:\nA. Cytochrome\nB. Cytochrome P450\nC. Cytochrome C\nD. Cytochrome A\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase le... | Cytochrome p450enzymes are heme-containing enzymes localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver. they engage in biotransformation reactions.they are monoamine oxidase. RH+O2+NADPH+H+________________> ROH+H2O+NADP+ Cytochrome p 450contains phosphatidylcholine. Almost all common drugs are metabolized by p450 syste... | B |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Which of the following do not cause hardness of water?\nChoices:\nA. Calcium carbonate\nB. Calcium sulfate\nC. Calcium bicarbonate\nD. Magnesium bicarbonate\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer... | Ans. a. Calcium carbonateRef: Parks Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24th Ed; Page No-763Hardness is defined as soap destroying power of water.Hardness is mainly due to 4 dissolved compounds:Calcium bicarbonateCalcium sulfateMagnesium bicarbonateMagnesium sulfateOther compounds responsible for hardness are ... | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Hair perforation test is positive in infection with\nChoices:\nA. Trichophyton\nB. Microsporum\nC. Epidermophyton\nD. All of the above\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using ... | Hair preparation test is done to differentiate Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology, Ananthanarayan and Paniker; 9th edition
<answer>(A)</answer> | A |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>After oral administration the fraction of drug reaching the systemic circulation in unchanged form is:\nChoices:\nA. Elimination\nB. Distribution\nC. Bioavailability\nD. Metabolism\n</Question>\nAt the end presen... | (Ref: KD Tripathi, 7th ed. pg. 16)BIOAVAILABILITYBioavailability is a measure of the fraction of administered dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation in the unchanged form.Bioavailability of drug injected IV is 100%, but isfrequently lower after oral ingestion because--#The drug may be incompletely absorbe... | C |
[
{
"content": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer. <Question>Vitamin A is stored in\nChoices:\nA. Retina\nB. Liver\nC. Bone\nD. Kidney\n</Question>\nAt the end present your answer in <answer> and </answer> using an uppercase letter (A, B, C, or D).",
"role": "user"
}... | The liver contains ~90% of the vitamin A reserves and secretes vitamin A in the form of retinol, which is bound to retinol binding protein.Ref: Harrison&;s Principles of Internal Medicine; 19th edition; Chapter 96e; Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess
<answer>(B)</answer> | B |
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